第一篇：克林頓國務(wù)卿為紀念世界艾滋病日發(fā)表講話

Secretary Clinton on Observance of World AIDS Day Washington, D.C.SECRETARY CLINTON: Thank you all very much.Oh my goodness.Thank you.I think we could just end the program right now.(Laughter.)Florence, thank you.Thank you for continuing to be a smiling advocate on behalf of an AIDS-free generation.And congratulations on those two sons of yours, who are the strongest evidence of what we can achieve.I’m very grateful to you for sharing your energy, your story, and your passion with us today.I am so pleased to have this opportunity to unveil, formally, the blueprint for an AIDS-free generation.And this could not have happened without Dr.Eric Goosby.I’ve known Eric a long time.When I decided to accept the President’s offer to become Secretary of State, I knew there was only one person that I would hope to recruit to become our Global AIDS Ambassador.Because Eric has both the firsthand experience, going back to the very beginning of his medical training and practice in San Francisco, to the vision he has as to continue to push us to do even more than we think we possibly can, and the drive to actually deliver that.He’s a unique human being, and we are so grateful for his service.And I want to return the favor, my friend, and thank you publicly for everything you have done.(Applause.)Also sitting in the front row is the man who has been leading the government’s research efforts from the very early days of the epidemic, Dr.Tony Fauci.Thank you for being here and thank you for everything you have done.(Applause.)From USAID, we have Dr.Ariel Pablos-Mendez, who has also been, along with everyone at USAID and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other government agencies, one of those public servants who has dedicated his or her life to this work.So I am grateful to everyone in our government who has done what has made all the difference.We could not be making this announcement had it not been for the countless hours in laboratories, at bedsides, in the field, everything that people have contributed.And also let me thank Michel Sidibe, who has also been on the frontlines, and from UNAIDS, an absolutely essentially organization in playing the irreplaceable role in this fight.Thank you so much, Michel.(Applause.)And Dr.Dlamini-Zuma, the first woman to chair the African Union Commission, a longtime public servant, government official, activist in South Africa.The AU is a critical partner in our work against HIV/AIDS, and I don’t think there’s anyone who is better positioned to lead the AU at this time.And the fact she’s the first women to lead the AU in its 50-year history is an additional benefit.Thank you so much, my friend.(Applause.)And to Senator Enzi and Congresswoman Lee and Congressman Bass, who truly have been leaders, but also represent members of Congress on both sides of the aisle.This is a program that really has had bipartisan support – the leadership of President Bush in creating PEPFAR, the commitment and leadership of President Obama.This is something that I think has really made a difference for Americans and for America.It represents our very best values in practice.So to all the members of Congress, the advocates and activists, the scientists, people living with HIV, thank you for joining us as we take this next step in the journey we began years ago, but which we formally announced a year ago, to change the course of this pandemic and usher in an AIDS-free generation.Now, make no mistake about it: HIV may well be with us into the future.But the disease that it causes need not be.We can reach a point where virtually no children are born with the virus, and as these children become teenagers and adults, they are at a far lower risk of becoming infected than they are today.And if they do acquire HIV, they have access to treatment that helps prevent them from not only from developing AIDS, but from and passing the virus on to others.Now earlier this year, at the International AIDS Conference here in Washington, I described some of the steps we have taken to achieve an AIDS-free generation.And today, I want to step back and make two broad points about this goal.First, let’s remember why, after so many years of discouraging news, this goal is now possible.By applying evidence-based strategies in the most effective combinations, we have cut the number of new infections dramatically.Just last week, UNAIDS announced that, over the past decade, the rate of new HIV infections has dropped by more than half in 25 low-and-middle-income countries, most of them in Sub-Saharan Africa.Just listen to these numbers: In Zimbabwe, a 50 percent reduction;in Namibia, a 68 percent reduction;and in Malawi, a 73 percent reduction in the rate of new infections.So as we continue to drive down the number of new infections and drive up the number of people on treatment, eventually we will be able to treat more people than become infected every year.That will be the tipping point.We will then get ahead of the pandemic, and an AIDS-free generation will be in our sight.Now, we don’t know how long it will take to do this everywhere, but we know that we can do it.And that brings me to the second point: We’ve set the goal.We know it’s possible.Now we have to deliver.That may sound obvious, but it isn’t, because the history of global health and development is littered with grand plans that never panned out.And that matters, because if we make commitments and then fail to keep them, not only will our credibility be diminished, but people will lose heart.They will conclude, wrongly, that progress just isn’t possible, and everyone will lose faith in each other.That will cost lives.And in the fight against HIV/AIDS, failing to live up to our commitments isn’t just disappointing, it is deadly.That’s why I am so relentlessly focused on delivering results.In July, I asked Eric Goosby and his team to produce a plan to show precisely how America will help achieve an AIDS-free generation.As I said then, I want the next Congress, the next Secretary of State, and our partners everywhere to know how we will contribute to achieving this goal.And the result is the blueprint we are releasing today.It lays out five goals and many specific steps we will take to accomplish those goals.First, we are committing to rapidly scaling up the most effective prevention and treatment interventions.And today, I can announce some new numbers that show how far we’ve already come.This year, through PEPFAR, we directly supported nearly 5.1 million people on antiretroviral treatment.(Applause.)That is a 200 percent increase since 2008.Now, think for a moment what this means.What did Florence say was the only hope she could give her fellow women living with HIV? She said it was the ARVs.And this year, the American people gave that hope to more than 5 million of their fellow citizens on this earth.And through them, we gave hope to their families and communities, and I think that should make every American profoundly proud.Now, our second goal is that the blueprint says we have to go where the virus is, targeting the populations at the greatest risk of contracting HIV, including people who inject drugs, sex workers, and those trafficked into prostitution, and men who have sex with men.(Applause.)When discrimination, stigma, and other factors drive these groups into the shadows, the epidemic becomes that much harder to fight.That’s why we are supporting country-led plans to expand services for key populations, and bolstering the efforts of civil society groups to reach out to them.And we are investing in research to identify the interventions that are most effective for each key population.As part of our effort to go where the virus is, we are focusing even more intently on women and girls, because they are still at higher risk then men of acquiring HIV because of gender inequity and violence.So we are working to ensure that HIV/AIDS programs recognize the particular needs of women and girls, for example, by integrating these efforts with family planning and reproductive health services.(Applause.)We are also working to prevent and respond to gender-based violence, invest in girls’ education, address gender inequality, and take other steps that have been proven to lower their risk of contracting the virus.Third, we will promote sustainability, efficiency, and effectiveness.We’ve already saved hundreds of millions of dollars by switching to generic drugs in our treatment regimen.And we will continue to ensure that we get the most out of every dollar spent.Fourth, we will promote a global effort to achieve an AIDS-free generation, because this must be a shared responsibility.That means our partner countries must step up to the responsibilities of country ownership.And we look to our partner countries to define the services their people need the most, set priorities, and convene funding partners to coordinate.Donors must meet their funding commitments while also doing more to support country ownership.To drive all these efforts, the United States will continue to support the Global Fund, we will invest in global health diplomacy, and use our diplomatic leverage to support our goals and bring others to the table.And I have to say I was so impressed when I was in South Africa this summer.I went to Cape Town.We – Eric and I went together, Ambassador was there, along with the South African Minister of Health, who has been an exemplary leader.Let’s give the Minister of Health of South Africa a round of applause.(Applause.)He has worked so hard with a great team and with President Zuma’s full support to really take on the responsibility of country ownership and management.And when we were in the clinic in Cape Town, we saw some really impressive developments, including a more efficient way to dispense the drugs that are needed.And it was a great tribute to what the South African Government has been able to do in the last four years.Now finally – and this is really a call for the entire global health community – science and evidence must continue to guide our work.For our part, the United States will support research on innovative technologies for prevention and treatment, such as microbicides and approaches that stave off opportunistic infections like TB.We will set clear, measurable benchmarks and monitor our progress toward them so we can focus our funding on what works.It is science that has brought us to this point;it is science that will allow us to finish this job.So with this blueprint, I firmly believe we have laid out a plan that every American president and secretary and Congress will want to build on.And I urge other countries to develop their own blueprints, because to reach and AIDS-free generation, we have to keep moving forward.So if we have any doubt about the importance of this work, just think of the joy and that big smile on Florence’s face when she told us about giving birth to her two healthy HIV-negative sons.And think of that same sense of joy rippling out across an entire generation, tens of millions of mothers and fathers whose children will be born free of this disease, who will not know the horror of AIDS.That is the world we are working for, and nothing could be more exciting, more inspiring, more deserving of our dedication than that.So I thank everyone across our government, because I know this was a whole-of-government effort.I thank you all for everything you have done, are doing, and will do to deliver on this important goal.And now it’s my great pleasure to welcome my friend and partner in the effort to the stage, the leader of UNAIDS, Michel Sidibe.(Applause.)

克林頓國務(wù)卿為紀念世界艾滋病日發(fā)表講話

克林頓國務(wù)卿：非常感謝大家。真不得了！謝謝大家。我想現(xiàn)在就可以結(jié)束這個活動了。（笑聲）謝謝你，弗洛倫斯（Florence）。感謝你繼續(xù)面帶微笑地倡導整個一代人無艾滋病的目標。并祝賀你的兩個兒子，他們最有力地證實了我們所能取得的成就。我非常感激你今天與我們分享你的能量、你的故事和你的熱情。

很高興能借這個機會正式公布無艾滋病一代的藍圖，而沒有埃里克·古斯比（Eric Goosby）博士是不可能做到的。我認識埃里克很久了。當我決定接受總統(tǒng)的任命出任國務(wù)卿時，我就知道只有一個人是我要聘任擔當全球艾滋病事務(wù)大使（Global AIDS Ambassador）的。因為埃里克從一開始學醫(yī)以及在舊金山行醫(yī)時起就不僅有親身經(jīng)驗，而且還有繼續(xù)推動我們盡可能取得更大成就的抱負以及實現(xiàn)這一抱負的干勁。他是一個極為難得的人，我們非常感謝他所做的工作。我的朋友，我想在大家面前感謝你所做的一切，以此作為回報。（掌聲）

在前排就坐的還有從艾滋病最早流行時便負責政府研究工作的托尼·福西（Tony Fauci）博士。感謝你的光臨，感謝你所做的一切。（掌聲）

還有來自美國國際開發(fā)署（USAID）的阿里爾·帕布洛·門德斯（Ariel Pablos-Mendez）博士，他與美國國際開發(fā)署及疾病控制和預(yù)防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）等其他政府機構(gòu)的各位共事，是畢其一生致力于這項工作的公職人員之一。因此，我很感謝各位在政府機構(gòu)中為取得所有這些成就做出的貢獻。沒有大家在實驗室里、在病床邊、在實地廢寢忘食地工作，沒有大家在這一領(lǐng)域中的諸多貢獻，就不可能有這個發(fā)布會。

此外，我還要感謝一直工作在第一線的米歇爾·西迪貝（Michel Sidibe）以及聯(lián)合國艾滋病規(guī)劃署（UNAIDS），這個至關(guān)重要的組織在這場斗爭中發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。非常感謝你，米歇爾。（掌聲）

還有德拉米尼-祖馬（Dlamini-Zuma）博士，她是非洲聯(lián)盟委員會（African Union Commission）的首位女主席，長期以來在南非擔任公職人員和政府官員，而且一直是一名社會活動家。非洲聯(lián)盟是我們防治艾滋病毒/艾滋病的重要伙伴，我認為現(xiàn)在沒有人比她更勝任非洲聯(lián)盟的領(lǐng)導職位了。她是非洲聯(lián)盟成立50年來首位女主席這一事實使她更具優(yōu)勢。非常感謝你，我的朋友。（掌聲）

感謝參議員恩茲（Enzi）以及眾議員李（Lee）和巴斯（Bass），他們始終是真正的領(lǐng)袖，也是國會兩黨成員的代表。這是一個切實得到兩黨共同支持的計劃——布什總統(tǒng)（Bush）領(lǐng)導創(chuàng)立了美國總統(tǒng)防治艾滋病緊急救援計劃（PEPFAR），歐巴馬總統(tǒng)為這一計劃做出了承諾并發(fā)揮了領(lǐng)導作用。我認為這是真正為美國人民和美國做出貢獻的計劃。它代表了我們所奉行的最優(yōu)秀的價值觀。

因此，各位國會議員、維權(quán)人士和社會活動家、科學家以及艾滋病毒攜帶者，感謝你們與我們共同邁出這個旅程的下一步——我們的旅程在多年前開始，但我們在一年前正式宣布要逆轉(zhuǎn)艾滋病疫情并迎來無艾滋病的一代。

毋庸置疑的是：艾滋病毒很可能會存在下去，但艾滋病毒所導致的疾病卻不必如此。我們可以實現(xiàn)幾乎沒有兒童生來就感染艾滋病毒的目標，而且隨著他們成長為青少年和成年人，他們感染艾滋病毒的風險將遠遠低于現(xiàn)在。即使他們感染上艾滋病毒，他們也可以獲得治療，不僅能避免引發(fā)艾滋病，還能防止他們將病毒傳染給他人。在今年早些時候，我在于華盛頓舉行的國際艾滋病大會（International AIDS Conference）上介紹了我們?yōu)閷崿F(xiàn)無艾滋病一代的目標已經(jīng)采取的一些措施。今天，我要概括說明有關(guān)這個目標的兩大要點。

首先，我們不要忘記，經(jīng)過這么多年的挫折后現(xiàn)在有可能實現(xiàn)這一目標的原因何在。通過以最有效的綜合手段應(yīng)用有實證基礎(chǔ)的策略，我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)大幅降低了新發(fā)感染的數(shù)量。就在上周，聯(lián)合國艾滋病規(guī)劃署宣布，在過去十年中，25個中低收入國家的艾滋病毒新發(fā)感染率已經(jīng)下降了一半以上，這些大多是非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南（Sub-Saharan Africa）地區(qū)的國家。聽聽這些數(shù)字：新發(fā)感染率在津巴布韋下降了50％，在納米比亞下降了68％，在馬拉維下降了73％。

因此，隨著我們繼續(xù)降低新發(fā)感染的數(shù)量并增加接受治療的人數(shù)，我們最終將能使每年得到治療的人數(shù)超過被感染的人數(shù)。這將是一個轉(zhuǎn)折點。隨后，我們將把艾滋病甩在后面，并將有望迎來無艾滋病的一代。我不知道要用多長時間才能在各地實現(xiàn)這一目標，但我們知道我們能夠做到。

由此我要談到第二個要點：我們已經(jīng)設(shè)定了目標。我們知道它可以實現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)在我們必須將它付諸實現(xiàn)。這聽起來似乎顯而易見，但其實不然，因為全球的健康和發(fā)展史上不乏從未獲得成功的種種宏偉計劃。這一點非常重要，因為如果我們做出承諾但卻不履行承諾，不僅會使我們信譽掃地，而且會讓人們灰心喪氣。他們將得出錯誤的結(jié)論，認為進步根本不可能實現(xiàn)，致使人人都對彼此失去信心。而這將造成生命損失。在與艾滋病毒/艾滋病的斗爭中，不履行我們的承諾不僅會令人失望，而且還會導致生命損失。

正因為如此，我始終不渝地強調(diào)實效。7月，我要求埃里克·古斯比和他的團隊制定一項計劃，明確說明美國將如何幫助實現(xiàn)整個一代人無艾滋病的目標。正如我當時所說，我希望下一屆國會、下一任國務(wù)卿以及我們的各個合作伙伴都知道我們將如何為實現(xiàn)這一目標貢獻力量。其結(jié)果便是我們今天要發(fā)布的這份藍圖。它闡明了五個目標以及我們?yōu)閷崿F(xiàn)這些目標將要采取的許多具體步驟。首先，我們正致力于迅速普及最有效的預(yù)防和治療措施。今天，我會宣布一些新的數(shù)字，這些數(shù)字顯示我們已經(jīng)取得長足的進展。今年，我們通過美國總統(tǒng)防治艾滋病緊急救援計劃（PEPEAR）直接為將近510萬人提供了抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療。（掌聲）自2008年以來，這一數(shù)字增加了200％。

現(xiàn)在，想一想這意味著什么。弗洛倫斯說她能給感染艾滋病毒的女同胞帶來的唯一希望是什么？她說是抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物（ARV）。而今年，美國人民將這種希望帶給了這個地球上500多萬同胞。通過這些藥物，我們給他們的家庭和社區(qū)帶來了希望，我認為每一個美國人都應(yīng)當為此深感自豪。

現(xiàn)在，我們藍圖中的第二個目標是深入病毒所在之處，針對感染艾滋病毒風險最高的群體開展工作，包括注射毒品者、性工作者和被販賣從事賣淫者以及與男性發(fā)生性關(guān)系的男性。（掌聲）

當歧視、恥辱和其他因素將這些群體趕到隱秘之處時，艾滋病將更加難以消滅。因此，我們正在支持國家主導的計劃，以擴大為重點人口提供的服務(wù)，并加強公民社會團體為他們提供幫助的努力。此外，我們正在對一批研究項目投資，以確定對各重點人群最有效的干預(yù)措施。

作為深入艾滋病毒流行之處開展工作的一項內(nèi)容，我們更加關(guān)注婦女和女孩，因為比起男人，她們因性別不平等和暴力而感染艾滋病毒的風險仍然更高。因此，我們正在努力，以確保各種艾滋病毒/艾滋病防治計劃認識到婦女和女孩的特殊需要，例如，可以把這項工作與計劃生育和生育健康服務(wù)結(jié)合起來。（掌聲）我們也正在努力防止和應(yīng)對性別暴力，對女孩的教育投資，解決性別不平等問題，并采取其他已證實可以降低女性艾滋病毒感染風險的措施。

第三，我們將增進可持續(xù)性、效率和有效性。我們已經(jīng)通過在治療方案中轉(zhuǎn)為采用非專利藥物而節(jié)省了數(shù)億美元。我們將繼續(xù)確保我們花費的每一美元都能取得最大效益。第四，我們將推動全球范圍的努力，實現(xiàn)整個一代人無艾滋病的目標，因為這必須是我們共同的責任。這意味著我們的伙伴國家必須更加主動地承擔起責任。我們還期待伙伴國家確定其人民最需要的服務(wù)，分清輕重緩急，并召集融資伙伴互相協(xié)調(diào)。捐助者必須履行其提供資金的承諾，同時作出更多努力來支持國家主導的模式。

為了推動所有這些努力，美國將繼續(xù)支持全球基金（Global Fund），繼續(xù)投資于全球衛(wèi)生外交，利用外交杠桿為我們的目標提供支持，讓其他國家加入我們的行列。

我必須提到，今年夏天對南非的訪問給我留下了非常深刻的印象。我去了開普敦（Cape Town）。我們——埃里克大使和我同行——會晤了南非衛(wèi)生部長，南非衛(wèi)生部長長期以來一直是模范領(lǐng)導人。讓我們用掌聲向南非衛(wèi)生部長致意。（掌聲）

他與一個出色的團隊辛勤努力，在祖馬總統(tǒng)的全力支持下，切實承擔起國家主導和管理的責任。當我們走訪開普敦的診所時，我們看到了一些真正令人印象深刻的進展，包括一種更高效的給藥方式。這些進展凸顯了南非政府過去四年來所取得的成果。

最后——這確實需要全球衛(wèi)生界一致努力——必須以科學和實證繼續(xù)指導我們的工作。對于美國而言，我們將支持預(yù)防和治療方面的創(chuàng)新研究，例如殺微生物劑和避免結(jié)核病及其他機會性感染的方法。我們將制定明確的、可衡量的標準，并追蹤我們在這些領(lǐng)域的進展，以便把資金集中用于有效的方法。是科學讓我們?nèi)〉昧私裉斓某删?，未來，我們也必須依賴科學實現(xiàn)我們的目標。

因此，就這份藍圖而言，我堅信我們已經(jīng)制定了一個未來每屆美國總統(tǒng)、國務(wù)卿以及國會都希望繼續(xù)推進的計劃。我敦促其他國家制定自己的藍圖，因為要實現(xiàn)整個一代人無艾滋病的目標，我們必須不斷前進。

因此，如果我們對這項工作的重要性有任何懷疑，只需要想一想當弗洛倫斯告訴我們她生下了兩個健康的、艾滋病毒檢測陰性的兒子時，臉上的喜悅和燦爛的笑容。再想一想蕩漾在一整代人心中同樣的喜悅——幾千萬父母將生下未受艾滋病毒侵害的孩子，這些孩子將不會經(jīng)歷艾滋病帶來的恐怖。這就是我們正在努力追尋的世界，沒有任何事情更激動人心、更令人鼓舞、更值得我們?yōu)橹瞰I。

因此，我感謝我們政府中的每一個人，因為我知道這離不開政府各部門的努力。感謝大家為實現(xiàn)這一重大目標已經(jīng)付出、正在付出和將要付出的一切努力。

現(xiàn)在，我很榮幸地邀請我的朋友和這項工作中的合作伙伴、聯(lián)合國艾滋病規(guī)劃署負責人米歇爾·西迪貝上臺發(fā)言。

第二篇：美國國務(wù)卿克林頓2012年世界艾滋病大會講話時間

美國國務(wù)卿克林頓2012年世界艾滋病大會講話時間:2012-07-25 17:37來源:口譯網(wǎng) 作者:口譯網(wǎng) 點擊:2841次

Remarks at the 2012 International AIDS Conference By US Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton Washington Convention Center Washington, D.C.July 23, 2012

在2012年世界艾滋病大會上的講話 美國國務(wù)卿 希拉里·羅德姆·克林頓 華盛頓哥倫比亞特區(qū) 華盛頓會展中心 2012年7月23日

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Good morning, and –(applause)– now, what would an AIDS conference be without a little protesting? We understand that.(Applause.)Part of the reason we’ve come as far as we have is because so many people all over the world have not been satisfied that we have done enough.And I am here to set a goal for a generation that is free of AIDS.(Applause.)But first, let me say five words we have not been able to say for too long: “Welcome to the United States.”(Applause.)We are so pleased to have you all finally back here.早上好（掌聲）– 聽我說，艾滋病大會沒有人抗議是否會很奇怪？我們對此表示理解。（掌聲）我們之所以取得了今天的成果，其原因之一就是世界各地有許許多多的人認為我們做得還不夠。我今天將在這里宣布一項目標，要讓下一代人免受艾滋病的侵害。（掌聲）但是，有一句話我們很久沒有說了，所以我要先說一下：“歡迎來到美國?！保ㄕ坡暎┐蠹易詈竽苤匦禄氐竭@里，我們非常高興。

And I want to thank the leaders of the many countries who have joined us.I want to acknowledge my colleagues from the Administration and the Congress who have contributed so much to the fight against AIDS.But mostly, I want to salute all of the people who are here today who do the hard work that has given us the chance to stand here in 2012 and actually imagine a time when we will no longer be afflicted by this terrible epidemic and the great cost and suffering it has imposed for far too long.(Applause.)On behalf of all Americans, we thank you.我要向和我們一道努力的許多國家的領(lǐng)導人表示感謝。我還要表彰我在美國行政部門的同事們以及美國國會議員們，他們?yōu)榭箵舭滩∽龀隽酥卮筘暙I。但最重要的是，我要向今天到場的各位表達敬意，由于你們的艱苦努力，我們有機會在2012年站在這里，展望徹底鏟除這一可怕的流行病的那一天（掌聲）。在太長的時間里，這種疾病讓我們付出了巨大的代價，給我們造成了巨大的痛苦。我們代表全體美國人民感謝你們。

But I want to take a step back and think how far we have come since the last time this conference was held in the United States.It was in 1990 in San Francisco.Dr.Eric Goosby, who is now our Global AIDS Ambassador, ran a triage center there for all the HIV-positive people who became sick during the conference.They set up IV drug drips to rehydrate patients.They gave antibiotics to people with AIDS-related pneumonia.Many had to be hospitalized and a few died.然而，我要回顧和思考一下自從上次在美國召開這個大會以來我們所取得的進展。那是1990年，在舊金山?，F(xiàn)在擔任美國全球艾滋病事務(wù)協(xié)調(diào)員的埃里克·古斯比醫(yī)生在會場上設(shè)立了一個診斷中心，為在大會期間生病的所有艾滋病毒感染者提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)。他們?yōu)槊撍牟∪颂峁┧幬镬o脈滴注，向因艾滋病而感染肺炎的人發(fā)放抗生素。有許多人被送往醫(yī)院，還有幾個人死亡。

Even at a time when the world’s response to the epidemic was sorely lacking, there were places and people of caring where people with AIDS found support.But tragically, there was so little that could be done medically.And thankfully, that has changed.Caring brought action, and action has made an impact.令人痛心的是，當時全世界對這種流行病幾乎沒有采取應(yīng)對措施，即令如此，在一些地方還是有一些有善心的人為艾滋病患者提供支持。但令人悲哀的是，醫(yī)生們基本上束手無策。有幸的是，這種情況已經(jīng)改變。關(guān)愛帶來行動，行動產(chǎn)生了效果。

The ability to prevent and treat the disease has advanced beyond what many might have reasonably hoped 22 years ago.Yes, AIDS is still incurable, but it no longer has to be a death sentence.That is a tribute to the work of countless people around the world – many of whom are here at this conference, others who are no longer with us but whose contributions live on.And for decades, the United States has played a key role.Starting in the 1990s under the Clinton Administration, we began slowly to make HIV treatment drugs more affordable, we began to face the epidemic in our own country.And then in 2003, President Bush launched PEPFAR with strong bipartisan support from Congress and this country began treating millions of people.這種疾病的預(yù)防和治療手段的進步可能是許多人在22年以前無法想象的。不錯，艾滋病依然是不治之癥，但它不再意味著死刑。對于世界各地無數(shù)為之辛勤努力的人們——其中有很多人今天在這里參加會議——這是一種贊譽。還有一些人已經(jīng)離開了我們，但他們的貢獻繼續(xù)使我們受益。在過去幾十年里，美國發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。從1990年代克林頓政府開始，我們逐步降低了艾滋病治療藥物的價格，這種疾病也開始在美國傳播。2003年，在國會兩黨議員的強有力支持下，布什總統(tǒng)啟動了“總統(tǒng)防治艾滋病緊急救援計劃”(PEPFAR)，美國開始為數(shù)百萬人提供治療。

Today under President Obama, we are building on this legacy.PEPFAR is shifting out of emergency mode and starting to build sustainable health systems that will help us finally win this fight and deliver an AIDS-free generation.It’s hard to overstate how sweeping or how crucial this change is.When President Obama took office, we knew that if we were going to win the fight against AIDS we could not keep treating it as an emergency.We had to fundamentally change the way we and our global partners did business.今天，在歐巴馬總統(tǒng)領(lǐng)導下，我們發(fā)揚了這一傳統(tǒng)。PEPFAR不再是一項緊急救援計劃，其重心轉(zhuǎn)向建設(shè)可持續(xù)的醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)，以最終贏得這場戰(zhàn)斗，使下一代人不再遭受艾滋病的侵害。這一變化的規(guī)模和重要性是無法估量的。當歐巴馬總統(tǒng)上任時，我們認識到，如果我們要在抗擊艾滋病的這場戰(zhàn)斗中取勝，我們就不能再把它當作一項緊急任務(wù)，而必須徹底改變我們和我們的全球伙伴的行為方式。

So we’ve engaged diplomatically with ministers of finance and health, but also with presidents and prime ministers to listen and learn about their priorities and needs in order to chart the best way forward together.Now I will admit that has required difficult conversations about issues that some leaders don’t want to face, like government corruption in the procurement and delivery of drugs or dealing with injecting drug users, but it has been an essential part of helping more countries manage more of their own response to the epidemic.因此，我們通過外交途徑與各位財政部長和衛(wèi)生部長溝通，而且還與各位總統(tǒng)和總理溝通，聽取并了解他們的工作重點和需求，以利于找出共同前進的最佳路線?，F(xiàn)在，我要承認，為此必須就某些領(lǐng)導人不想面對的問題進行艱難的對話，例如政府在采購和提供藥物的工作中的腐敗行為以及如何對待注射毒品者，但這卻是幫助更多的國家更廣泛地管理其防治措施的關(guān)鍵一步。

We’ve also focused on supporting high-impact interventions, making tough decisions driven by science about what we will and will not fund.And we are delivering more results for the American taxpayer’s dollar by taking simple steps – switching to generic drugs, which saved more than $380 million in 2010 alone.(Applause.)我們還集中力量實施效果顯著的干預(yù)措施，以科學為依據(jù)作出資助哪些項目以及不資助哪些項目的艱難抉擇。我們采取簡單的步驟——例如轉(zhuǎn)用非專利藥物——用美國納稅人的錢取得更多的成果，僅在2010年一年就節(jié)省了3.8億多美元。（掌聲）

And crucially, we have vastly improved our coordination with the Global Fund.Where we used to work independently of each other, we now sit down together to decide, for example, which of us will fund AIDS treatment somewhere and which of us will fund the delivery of that treatment.That is a new way of working together for both of us, but I think it holds great results for all of us.(Applause.)Now all of these strategic shifts have required a lot of heavy lifting.But it only matters in the end if it means we are saving more lives – and we are.至關(guān)重要的是，我們已經(jīng)大大改善了我們與全球基金的協(xié)作。現(xiàn)在，我們會在原來各行其是的領(lǐng)域一起坐下來作出決策，例如在某地由誰來資助艾滋病的治療，又由誰來提供這種治療。這對我們雙方而言是一個進行合作的新途徑，但我認為這將給我們各方帶來巨大的成果。（掌聲）而所有這些戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)變都必須依賴大量繁重的工作。但歸根結(jié)底，關(guān)鍵在于我們是否在挽救更多的生命——我們確實正在這樣做。

Since 2009, we have more than doubled the number of people who get treatment that keeps them alive.(Applause.)We are also reaching far more people with prevention, testing, and counseling.自2009年以來，我們通過提供治療使活下來的人增加了一倍多。（掌聲）我們也增加了預(yù)防、檢測和咨詢惠及的人數(shù)。

And I want publicly to thank, first and foremost, Dr.Eric Goosby, who has been on the front lines of all this work since the 1980s in San Francisco.(Applause.)He is somewhere in this vast hall, cringing with embarrassment, but more than anyone else, he had a vision for what PEPFAR needed to become and the tenacity to keep working to make it happen.And I want to thank his extraordinary partners here in this Administration, Dr.Tom Frieden at the Centers for Disease Control and Dr.Raj Shah at USAID.(Applause.)

我首先要當眾感謝埃里克·古斯比醫(yī)生，他自20世紀80年代在舊金山從事有關(guān)工作以來，一直在該領(lǐng)域中站在所有努力的前沿。（掌聲）他就在這個寬敞的大廳的某個角落，可能不希望大家注意到他，但他比其他人更有遠見，知道總統(tǒng)防治艾滋病緊急救援計劃需要實現(xiàn)什么樣的愿景，而且他還具有堅韌的毅力，為達到目標鍥而不舍。我還要感謝他在本屆政府中非同一般的合作伙伴，疾病控制中心的湯姆·弗里登醫(yī)生（Tom Frieden)和美國國際開發(fā)署的拉吉·沙阿博士。（掌聲）

Now, with the progress we are making together, we can look ahead to a historic goal: creating an AIDS-free generation.This is part of President Obama’s call to make fighting global HIV/AIDS at home and abroad a priority for this administration.In July 2010, he launched the first comprehensive National HIV/AIDS Strategy, which has reinvigorated the domestic response to the epidemic – especially important here in Washington D.C., which needs more attention, more resources, and smarter strategies to deal with the epidemic in our nation’s capital.現(xiàn)在，由于我們正在共同取得的進展，我們可以展望一個歷史性目標：實現(xiàn)無艾滋病的一代。這是歐巴馬總統(tǒng)敦促把在國內(nèi)外抗擊全球艾滋病毒/艾滋病作為本屆政府的當務(wù)之急的內(nèi)容之一。2010年7月，他提出了第一個綜合性的國家艾滋病毒/艾滋病戰(zhàn)略，為在國內(nèi)應(yīng)對疫情注入了新的活力——這在華盛頓尤其重要，在我國首都應(yīng)對疫情需要有更多的關(guān)注、更多的資源和更明智的策略。

And last November, at the National Institutes of Health, with my friend Dr.Tony Fauci there, I spoke in depth about the goal of an AIDS-free generation and laid out some of the ways we are advancing it through PEPFAR, USAID, and the CDC.And on World AIDS Day, President Obama announced an ambitious commitment for the United States to reach 6 million people globally with lifesaving treatment.(Applause.)

去年11月，我在國家衛(wèi)生院與我的朋友托尼·福西醫(yī)生一起深入地探討無艾滋病一代的目標，并闡述了我們正在通過總統(tǒng)防治艾滋病緊急救援計劃、美國國際開發(fā)署以及疾病控制和預(yù)防中心推進該目標的一些方式。在世界艾滋病日，歐巴馬總統(tǒng)宣布了美國的一項雄心勃勃的承諾，保證讓全球600萬人獲得能夠拯救生命的治療。（掌聲）

Now since that time I’ve heard a few voices from people raising questions about America’s commitment to an AIDS-free generation, wondering whether we are really serious about achieving it.Well, I am here today to make it absolutely clear: The United States is committed and will remain committed to achieving an AIDS-free generation.We will not back off, we will not back down, we will fight for the resources necessary to achieve this historic milestone.(Applause.)

從那以后，我已經(jīng)聽到人們發(fā)出了一些質(zhì)疑的聲音，圍繞美國對無艾滋病一代的承諾提出疑問，并想知道我們對于履行這些承諾是否認真。事實上，我今天到場的目的之一就是要把這一點講清楚：美國現(xiàn)在和將來都始終承諾要實現(xiàn)無艾滋病的一代。我們不會放棄這個目標，我們不會讓步，我們會爭取必要的資源來達及這一歷史性的里程碑。（掌聲）

I know that many of you share my passion about achieving this goal.In fact, one could say I am preaching to the choir.But right now, I think we need a little preaching to the choir.And we need the choir and the congregation to keep singing, lifting up their voices, and spreading the message to everyone who is still standing outside.我知道你們中間有許多人和我一樣抱著實現(xiàn)這一目標的激情。事實上，可以說我是在對唱詩班布道。但此時此刻，我認為我們需要對唱詩班布一點道。我們需要唱詩班和會眾們不停地唱，提高嗓門、向仍然站在門外的每一個人傳遞這個信息。

So while I want to reaffirm my government’s commitment, I’m also here to boost yours.This is a fight we can win.We have already come so far – too far to stop now.因此，在重申我國政府的承諾的同時，我也在這里為你們的承諾鼓勁。這是我們能打贏的一仗。我們已經(jīng)走了這么遠——現(xiàn)在止步是不可能的。

I want to describe some of the progress we’ve made toward that goal and some of the work that lies ahead.我想說明我們朝著這個目標已經(jīng)取得的進展以及一些擺在面前的工作。

Let me begin by defining what we mean by an AIDS-free generation.It is a time when, first of all, virtually no child anywhere will be born with the virus.(Applause.)Secondly, as children and teenagers become adults, they will be at significantly lower risk of ever becoming infected than they would be today no matter where they are living.(Applause.)And third, if someone does acquire HIV, they will have access to treatment that helps prevent them from developing AIDS and passing the virus on to others.首先讓我給我們所說的無艾滋病的一代下個定義。這首先是一個在任何地方出生的孩子都不攜帶病毒的時代。（掌聲）其次，當兒童和青少年長大成人時，不管他們身居何處，他們被感染的風險都將比今天顯著降低。（掌聲）第三，如果有人的確感染了艾滋病毒，他們將有機會獲得治療，有助于遏制病毒引發(fā)艾滋病并傳染給他人。

So yes, HIV may be with us into the future until we finally achieve a cure, a vaccine, but the disease that HIV causes need not be with us.(Applause.)

因此，艾滋病毒也許將來還會伴隨著我們，直到我們最終找到一種治療方法、找到一種疫苗，但艾滋病毒所引發(fā)的疾病卻不一定要伴隨我們。（掌聲）

As of last fall, every agency in the United States Government involved in this effort is working together to get us on that path to an AIDS-free generation.We’re focusing on what we call combination prevention.Our strategy includes condoms, counseling and testing, and places special emphasis on three other interventions: treatment as prevention, voluntary medical male circumcision, and stopping the transmission of HIV from mothers to children.自去年秋天開始，美國政府各個相關(guān)部門開展合作，以便使我們走上“無艾滋病的一代”的道路?，F(xiàn)在我們集中于我們所說的綜合預(yù)防戰(zhàn)略，其中包括避孕套、咨詢和測試措施，并特別側(cè)重于其他三項干預(yù)手段：預(yù)防性治療、男性自愿包皮環(huán)切術(shù)和防止艾滋病毒母嬰傳播。

Since November, we have elevated combination prevention in all our HIV/AIDS work –including right here in Washington, which still has the highest HIV rate of any large city in our country.And globally, we have supported our partner countries shifting their investments toward the specific mix of prevention tools that will have the greatest impact for their people.For example, Haiti is scaling up its efforts to prevent mother-to-child transmission, including full treatment for mothers with HIV, which will in turn, of course, prevent new infections.And for the first time, the Haitian Ministry of Health is committing its own funding to provide antiretroviral treatment.(Applause.)

自去年11月以來，我們提升了綜合預(yù)防在一切艾滋病防治工作中的重要性，包括在華盛頓——它仍是我國艾滋病毒感染率最高的城市。而在全球，我們支持合作伙伴國家將其投資轉(zhuǎn)移到可對人民產(chǎn)生最大效果的具體預(yù)防手段組合。例如，海地正加大努力預(yù)防艾滋病毒母嬰傳播，包括對攜帶艾滋病毒的孕婦的全面治療，而這顯然能夠預(yù)防新的感染。海地衛(wèi)生部第一次將自己的資金投入抗病毒治療。（掌聲）

We’re also making notable progress on the three pillars of our combination-prevention strategy.On treatment as prevention, the United States has added funding for nearly 600,000 more people since September, which means we are reaching nearly 4.5 million people now and closing in on our national goal of 6 million by the end of next year.That is our contribution to the global effort to reach universal coverage.我們在綜合預(yù)防戰(zhàn)略的三個主要方面也正在取得顯著進步。在預(yù)防性治療方面，美國政府自去年9月起又增加了用于近60萬人的資金，這意味著現(xiàn)在我們已向近450萬人提供幫助，逐漸接近我們明年底達到600萬人的國家目標。這是我們?yōu)樽屩委煴榧叭虻膰H努力所做的貢獻。

On male circumcision, we’ve supported more than 400,000 procedures since last December alone.And I’m pleased to announce that PEPFAR will provide an additional $40 million to support South Africa’s plans to provide voluntary medical circumcisions for almost half a million boys and men in the coming year.(Applause.)You know and we want the world to know that this procedure reduces the risk of female-to-male transmission by more than 60 percent and for the rest of the man’s life, so the impact can be phenomenal.在男性包皮環(huán)切術(shù)方面，僅從去年12月起我們已資助了40多萬例手術(shù)。在此我高興地宣布，總統(tǒng)防治艾滋病緊急救援計劃將再提供4000萬美元，支持南非在明年為近50萬男童和成年男性提供自愿包皮環(huán)切手術(shù)。（掌聲）我們希望世界知道，包皮環(huán)切術(shù)可將女性向男性傳播率減少60%以上，并且關(guān)系到男性今后的一生，因此效果會非常顯著。

In Kenya and Tanzania, mothers asked for circumcision campaigns during school vacations so their teenage sons could participate.In Zimbabwe, some male lawmakers wanted to show their constituents how safe and virtually painless the procedure is, so they went to a mobile clinic and got circumcised.That’s the kind of leadership we welcome.And we are also seeing the development of new tools that would allow people to perform the procedure with less training and equipment than they need today without compromising safety.And when such a device is approved by the World Health Organization, PEPFAR is ready to support it right away.(Applause.)

在肯尼亞和坦桑尼亞，母親們要求在學校放假期間進行包皮環(huán)切手術(shù)教育活動，以便她們的孩子們能夠參加。在津巴布韋，一些男性立法人員為向選民展示環(huán)切術(shù)安全和基本無痛，而來到移動診所接受環(huán)切手術(shù)。這就是我們所歡迎的領(lǐng)導作用。我們還看到新工具的開發(fā)，從而在不降低安全性的情況下通過比目前更簡單的訓練和設(shè)備實施這項手術(shù)。在這項設(shè)備得到世界衛(wèi)生組織批準后，總統(tǒng)防治艾滋病緊急救援計劃將會立即予以支持。（掌聲）

And on mother-to-child transmission, we are committed to eliminating it by 2015, getting the number to zero.Over the years –(applause)– we’ve invested more than $1 billion for this effort.In the first half of this fiscal year, we reached more than 370,000 women globally, and we are on track to hit PEPFAR’s target of reaching an additional 1.5 million women by next year.We are also setting out to overcome one of the biggest hurdles in getting to zero.When women are identified as HIV-positive and eligible for treatment, they are often referred to another clinic, one that may be too far away for them to reach.As a result too many women never start treatment.在母嬰傳播方面，我們致力于到2015年實現(xiàn)全面預(yù)防，使傳播數(shù)量降到零。多年以來——（掌聲）——我們在這方面投入了10億多美元。在本財政的上半年，我們已在全球資助了超過37萬名女性，正在朝明年再資助150萬名女性的總統(tǒng)防治艾滋病緊急救援計劃的目標邁進。我們還在著手克服實現(xiàn)母嬰零傳播的最大障礙之一：當女性被診斷為艾滋病毒陽性且符合治療條件時，她們通常被轉(zhuǎn)到另一個可能離她們太遠而無法到達的診所，因此其中太多人從未開始治療。

Today, I am announcing that the United States will invest an additional $80 million to fill this gap.These funds –(applause)– will support innovative approaches to ensure that HIV-positive pregnant women get the treatment they need to protect themselves, their babies, and their partners.So let there be no mistake, the United States is accelerating its work on all three of these fronts in the effort to create an AIDS-free generation and look at how all these elements come together to make a historic impact.今天，我宣布美國將再投資8000萬美元填補這個缺口。這筆資金——（掌聲）——將支持創(chuàng)新方法，確保艾滋病毒檢測陽性的孕婦獲得保護她們自己及其嬰兒和伴侶所需的治療。因此明確無誤的是，美國正在加速開展上面提到的三方面工作，努力實現(xiàn)無艾滋病的一代，并在審視如何綜合所有這些手段以產(chǎn)生歷史性的影響。

In Zambia, we’re supporting the government as they step up their efforts to prevent mother-to-child transmission.Between 2009 and 2011, the number of new infections went down by more than half.And we are just getting started.Together, we’re going to keep up our momentum on mother-to-child transmission.In addition, we will help many more Zambians get on treatment and support a massive scale-up of male circumcision as well, two steps that, according to our models, will drive down the number of new sexually transmitted infections there by more than 25 percent over the next 5 years.So as the number of new infections in Zambia goes down, it will be possible to treat more people than are becoming infected each year.So we will, for the first time, get ahead of the pandemic there.And eventually, an AIDS-free generation of Zambians will be in sight.在贊比亞，我們支持其政府加大步伐預(yù)防母嬰傳播。在2009年至2011年期間，新感染人數(shù)減少了一半以上。這只是個開始，我們將攜手努力，保持在降低母嬰傳播方面的良好勢頭。此外，我們還將幫助更多贊比亞人獲得治療，同時資助更多男性包皮環(huán)切術(shù)。根據(jù)我們的模式，這兩個步驟可以在未來五年將新的性傳播感染降低25%以上。因此，隨著贊比亞新感染人數(shù)的降低，每年接受治療的人數(shù)將有可能超過被感染人數(shù)。我們將首次超過艾滋病的傳播速度。最終，贊比亞將會看到無艾滋病的一代。

Think of the lives we will touch in Zambia alone – all the mothers and fathers and children who will never have their lives ripped apart by this disease.And now, multiply that across the many other countries we are working with.In fact, if you’re not getting excited about this, please raise your hand and I will send somebody to check your pulse.(Laughter and applause.)

想象一下我們僅在贊比亞一國對生命產(chǎn)生的影響——所有母親、父親和兒童的生活再也不會被艾滋病破壞。那么現(xiàn)在再乘以我們正在資助的許多其他國家。說實話，如果您沒有因此感到興奮，請舉手，我會讓人來檢查一下您的脈搏。（笑聲和掌聲）

But I know that creating an AIDS-free generation takes more than the right tools, as important as they are.Ultimately, it’s about people – the people who have the most to contribute to this goal and the most to gain from it.That means embracing the essential role that communities play – especially people living with HIV – and the critical work of faith-based organizations.We need to make sure we’re looking out for orphans and vulnerable children who are too often still overlooked in this epidemic.(Applause.)

不過，我知道，迎來無艾滋病的一代需要的不僅僅是正確的手段，盡管它們非常重要。最終還在于人——那些能為此目標作出最大貢獻并能因此獲得最大收益的人們。這意味著肯定社區(qū)發(fā)揮的重要作用尤其是艾滋病毒攜帶者所發(fā)揮的作用，以及宗教組織所從事的關(guān)鍵性工作。我們需要確保關(guān)照孤兒和弱勢兒童，他們在這一流行病中仍經(jīng)常被忽視。（掌聲）

And it will be no surprise to you to hear me say I want to highlight the particular role that women play.(Applause.)In Sub-Saharan Africa today, women account for 60 percent of those living with HIV.Women want to protect themselves from HIV and they want access to adequate health care.And we need to answer their call.PEPFAR is part of our comprehensive effort to meet the health needs of women and girls, working across United States Government and with our partners on HIV, maternal and child health, and reproductive health, including voluntary family planning and our newly launched Child Survival Call to Action.你們聽到我表示希望強調(diào)婦女所發(fā)揮的特殊作用不會感到意外。(掌聲)在今日非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南地區(qū)，艾滋病毒攜帶者中有60%是女性。婦女們希望預(yù)防艾滋病，她們希望得到適當治療。我們需要響應(yīng)她們的呼聲?？偨y(tǒng)艾滋病緊急救援計劃是我們滿足婦女醫(yī)療需求的綜合努力的一部分，美國政府各部門正在努力，并與合作方共同奮斗，以解決艾滋病毒、母嬰健康以及生殖健康等問題，這其中包括自愿性的計劃生育以及我們新發(fā)起的“行動起來拯救兒童” 活動。

Every woman should be able to decide when and whether to have children.This is true whether she is HIV-positive or not.(Applause.)And I agree with the strong message that came out of the London Summit on Family Planning earlier this month.There should be no controversy about this.None at all.(Applause.)

每位婦女都應(yīng)該能夠決定何時以及是否愿意生兒育女。無論她是否感染了艾滋病毒，都應(yīng)如此。（掌聲）我贊同本月初倫敦計劃生育峰會發(fā)出的強烈呼聲。這是毋庸置疑的。這是毫無疑問的。（掌聲）

And across all of our health and development work, the United States is emphasizing gender equality because women need and deserve a voice in the decisions that affect their lives.(Applause.)And we are working to prevent and respond to gender-based violence, which puts women at higher risk for contracting the virus.And because women need more ways to protect themselves from HIV infection, last year we invested more than $90 million in research on microbicides.All these efforts will help close the health gap between women and men and lead to healthier families, communities, and nations as well.在我們所有的健康與開發(fā)工作中，美國都在強調(diào)性別平等，因為婦女在影響到其生活的決策中需要并應(yīng)該發(fā)出自己的聲音。（掌聲）我們正在努力預(yù)防并應(yīng)對性暴力，性暴力增加了婦女感染這種病毒的風險。由于婦女需要掌握更多的方法來預(yù)防感染艾滋病毒，我們?nèi)ツ晖度肓?000多萬美元進行殺微生物劑的研究。所有這些努力幫助消除了女性與男性之間的健康差距，并使家庭、社區(qū)和國家更加健康。

If we’re going to create an AIDS-free generation, we also must address the needs of the people who are at the highest risk of contracting HIV.One recent study of female sex workers and those trafficked into prostitution in low and middle income-countries found that, on average, 12 percent of them were HIV-positive, far above the rates for women at large.And people who use injecting drugs account for about one third of all the people who acquire HIV outside of Sub-Saharan Africa.And in low-and middle income countries, studies suggest that HIV prevalence among men who have sex with male partners could be up to 19 times higher than among the general population.我們?nèi)粢瓉頍o艾滋病的一代，還必須解決感染艾滋病毒的風險最高的人群的需求。最近一項對女性性工作者以及那些被販運到低中收入國家從事賣淫活動的人員所進行的研究結(jié)果顯示，這些人中平均有12%的人感染上了艾滋病毒，遠遠高過一般女性的感染率。除非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南地區(qū)外，所有艾滋病毒攜帶者中大約有三分之一的人為注射毒品使用者。研究顯示，在低中收入國家中，男同性戀中的艾滋病毒流行率可能比一般人口高出19倍。

Now over the years, I have seen and experienced how difficult it can be to talk about a disease that is transmitted the way that AIDS is.But if we’re going to beat AIDS, we can’t afford to avoid sensitive conversations, and we can’t fail to reach the people who are at the highest risk.(Applause.)

多年來，我目睹并感受到，要談?wù)撘环N像艾滋病這樣傳播的疾病，是多么困難。然而如果我們要戰(zhàn)勝艾滋病，就不能回避敏感的對話，我們不能置那些高危人口于不顧。（掌聲）

Unfortunately, today very few countries monitor the quality of services delivered to these high-risk key populations.Fewer still rigorously assess whether the services provided actually prevent transmission or do anything to ensure that HIV-positive people in these groups get the care and treatment they need.Even worse, some take actions that, rather than discouraging risky behavior, actually drives more people into the shadows, where the epidemic is that much harder to fight.令人遺憾的是，今天很少有國家對向這些關(guān)鍵性的高危人口提供的服務(wù)進行監(jiān)督。而對這些服務(wù)是否切實預(yù)防傳播或是否有助于確保這些群體中的艾滋病毒攜帶者得到所需的治療進行認真評估的國家就更少了。更有甚者，一些國家的所作所為不僅不杜絕風險行為，反而迫使更多的人陷入陰影之中，更難以對抗艾滋病疫情。

And the consequences are devastating for the people themselves and for the fight against HIV because when key groups are marginalized, the virus spreads rapidly within those groups and then also into the lower-risk general population.We are seeing this happen right now in Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia.Humans might discriminate, but viruses do not.這種后果對于感染者本人不堪設(shè)想，對于防治艾滋病的努力也是如此。當關(guān)鍵性群體被邊緣化，該病毒在這些群體中傳播的速度更快，然后又會危及低風險人口。我們看到東歐和東南亞正在發(fā)生這種情況。人類會區(qū)別對待，但病毒卻一視同仁。

And there is an old saying that goes: “Why rob banks? Because that’s where the money is.” If we want to save more lives, we need to go where the virus is and get there as quickly as possible.(Applause.)

俗話說，“為何搶銀行？因為那里有錢財。”如果我們想要挽救生命，就需要趕到疫區(qū)，并應(yīng)當盡快趕去。(掌聲)

And that means science should guide our efforts.So today I am announcing three new efforts by the United States Government to reach key populations.We will invest $15 million in implementation research to identify the specific interventions that are most effective for each key population.We are also launching a $20 million challenge fund that will support country-led plans to expand services for key populations.And finally, through the Robert Carr Civil Society Network Fund, we will invest $2 million to bolster the efforts of civil society groups to reach key populations.(Applause.)

這意味著，應(yīng)以科學來指導我們的工作。因此，我今天宣布，美國政府將開展三項新工作，為關(guān)鍵性群體服務(wù)。我們將為落實研究投資1500萬美元，以尋找對各個關(guān)鍵性群體最有效的具體干預(yù)手段。我們還將發(fā)起一項2000萬美元的挑戰(zhàn)基金，以支持國家主導的計劃，擴大為關(guān)鍵性群體提供服務(wù)。最后，通過“羅伯特·卡爾公民社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)基金”，我們將投資200萬美元，以支持公民社會組織為關(guān)鍵性群體提供服務(wù)的努力。（掌聲）

Now Americans are rightly proud of the leading role that our country plays in the fight against HIV/AIDS.And the world has learned a great deal through PEPFAR about what works and why.And we’ve also learned a great deal about the needs that are not being met and how everyone can and must work together to meet those needs.美國人民有理由對我國在抗擊艾滋病毒/艾滋病的斗爭中發(fā)揮的主導作用感到自豪。通過總統(tǒng)防治艾滋病緊急救援計劃，世界對哪些措施和項目奏效以及為什么奏效有了相當全面的了解。我們對哪些需求尚未得到滿足以及大家如何并且必須通過共同努力來滿足這些需求也有了相當全面的了解。

For our part, PEPFAR will remain at the center of America’s commitment to an AIDS-free generation.I have asked Ambassador Dr.Goosby to take the lead on developing and sharing our blueprint of the goals and objectives for the next phase of our effort and to release this blueprint by World AIDS Day this year.We want the next Congress, the next Secretary of State, and all of our partners here at home and around the world to have a clear picture of everything we’ve learned and a roadmap that shows what we will contribute to achieving an AIDS-free generation.就我們來說，總統(tǒng)防治艾滋病緊急救援計劃將繼續(xù)是美國承諾實現(xiàn)無艾滋病一代的核心手段。我已經(jīng)請我們的特使古斯比醫(yī)生牽頭制定并介紹我們下一階段的工作目標和規(guī)劃，并在今年世界艾滋病日公布這項規(guī)劃。我們希望下一屆國會、下一任國務(wù)卿以及我們在國內(nèi)和世界各地的合作伙伴能夠清楚地了解我們所積累的一切經(jīng)驗，并有一幅展示我們?nèi)绾螌崿F(xiàn)無艾滋病一代的藍圖。

Reaching this goal is a shared responsibility.It begins with what we can all do to help break the chain of mother-to-child transmission.And this takes leadership at every level – from investing in health care workers to removing the registration fees that discourage women from seeking care.And we need community and family leaders from grandmothers to religious leaders to encourage women to get tested and to demand treatment if they need it.實現(xiàn)這一目標是一項共同責任。其首要的一步是我們大家能做些什么來打破母嬰傳播鏈。這需要各層領(lǐng)導發(fā)揮作用——從投資于醫(yī)療保健人員的培訓到取消妨礙婦女就醫(yī)的登記費。我們需要從祖母到宗教領(lǐng)袖的社區(qū)和家庭領(lǐng)導者來鼓勵婦女接受檢查，并要求她們在需要治療時尋求治療。

We also all have a shared responsibility to support multilateral institutions like the Global Fund.In recent months, as the United States has stepped up our commitment, so have Saudi Arabia, Japan, Germany, the Gates Foundation, and others.I encourage other donors, especially in emerging economies, to increase their contributions to this essential organization.我們大家也負有支持全球基金等多邊機構(gòu)的共同責任。最近幾個月來，隨著美國加強了我們的承諾，沙特阿拉伯、日本、德國、蓋茨基金會及其他方面也這么做了。我敦促其他捐助方——特別是新興經(jīng)濟體的捐助方——增加他們對這個不可或缺的組織的捐助。

And then finally, we all have a shared responsibility to get serious about promoting country ownership – the end state where a nation’s efforts are led, implemented, and eventually paid for by its government, its communities, its civil society, its private sector.最后，我們大家有共同責任認真推進受援國的主導作用，即在一個國家內(nèi)部開展的工作由這個國家的政府、社區(qū)、公民社會及私營部門來領(lǐng)導、展開并最終負擔開支。

I spoke earlier about how the United States is supporting country ownership, but we also look to our partner countries and donors to do their part.They can follow the example of the last few years in South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, India, and other countries who are able to provide more and better care for their own people because they are committing more of their own resources to HIV/AIDS.(Applause.)And partner countries also need to take steps like fighting corruption and making sure their systems for approving drugs are as efficient as possible.我在前面談到美國如何支持受援國發(fā)揮主導作用，但我們也期待我們的伙伴國及捐助方盡到其責任。他們可以效仿過去幾年南非、納米比亞、博茨瓦納、印度和其他國家的榜樣——這些國家為自己的人民提供了更多和更好的保健服務(wù)，因為它們正在將本國的更多資源用于防治艾滋病毒/艾滋病。（掌聲）伙伴國家還必須采取其他一些措施，包括打擊腐敗和確保其藥物審批系統(tǒng)盡可能提高效率。

I began today by recalling the last time this conference was held here in the United States, and I want to close by recalling another symbol of our cause, the AIDS Memorial Quilt.For a quarter-century, this quilt has been a source of solace and comfort for people around the world, a visible way to honor and remember, to mourn husbands and wives, brothers and sisters, sons and daughters, partners and friends.在今天的講話開始時，我回顧了上次在美國舉行這個大會的情況，現(xiàn)在我希望以回顧我們這項事業(yè)的另一個象征來結(jié)束講話——這個象征就是艾滋病紀念毯。四分之一世紀以來，這條紀念毯始終為世界各地人民帶來慰籍，以一種訴諸視覺的方式來紀念和緬懷丈夫和妻子、兄弟姐妹、兒子和女兒、伴侶和朋友。

Some of you have seen the parts of the quilt that are on view in Washington this week.I well remember the moment in 1996 when Bill and I went to the National Mall to see the quilt for ourselves.I had sent word ahead that I wanted to know where the names of friends I had lost were placed so that I could be sure to find them.When we saw how enormous the quilt was covering acres of ground, stretching from the Capitol building to the Washington Monument, it was devastating.And in the months and years that followed, the quilt kept growing.In fact, back in 1996 was the last time it could be displayed all at once.It just got too big.Too many people kept dying.你們中有些人已經(jīng)看到這個星期在華盛頓展出的這條紀念毯的某些部分。我清楚地記得1996年我和比爾到國家大草坪去瞻仰這條紀念毯的時刻。我事先通知他們說，我想知道我失去的朋友的名字記載在哪里，以便我能夠找到。當我們看到這個紀念毯如此巨大、從國會山一直延伸到華盛頓紀念碑時，真是肝腸寸斷。在此后的數(shù)月和數(shù)年里，這個紀念毯不斷延伸。事實上，1996年是可以完整展示這條紀念毯的最后一次。它變得太大了，有太多的人不斷死去。

We are all here today because we want to bring about that moment when we stop adding names, when we can come to a gathering like this one and not talk about the fight against AIDS, but instead commemorate the birth of a generation that is free of AIDS.今天，我們大家聚集在這里，是因為我們希望迎來這樣一個時刻——那時我們將不再需要添加更多的名字，我們來參加像這樣的聚會不再是討論如何抗擊艾滋病，而是紀念無艾滋病的一代人的出生。

Now, that moment is still in the distance, but we know what road we need to take.We are closer to that destination than we’ve ever been, and as we continue on this journey together, we should be encouraged and inspired by the knowledge of how far we’ve already come.So today and throughout this week let us restore our own faith and renew our own purpose so we may together reach that goal of an AIDS-free generation and truly honor all of those who have been lost.那個時刻仍然遙遠，但我們知道我們應(yīng)當走的路，我們現(xiàn)在比以往任何時候都更接近那個目的地。當我們繼續(xù)在這個征程上并肩跋涉之際，我們應(yīng)當為我們已經(jīng)走過的路程而感到振奮和鼓舞。因此，在今天和整個這一周里，讓我們重振我們的信心和志向，以便共同實現(xiàn)無艾滋病一代的目標，以實實在在的方式向我們失去的所有的人表達敬意。

Thank you all very much.(Applause.)

多謝各位。（掌聲

原文鏈接：http://

第三篇：克林頓國務(wù)卿在亞洲之行前夕發(fā)表講話

2009.02.13 克林頓國務(wù)卿在亞洲之行前夕發(fā)表講話（全文）

美國國務(wù)卿希拉里·克林頓(Hillary Rodham Clinton)2月13日下午在紐約亞洲協(xié)會（Asia Society）發(fā)表講話，闡明上任后即前往亞洲四國訪問的重要意義和美國的對亞洲政策。以下是克林頓國務(wù)卿講話的全文和隨后的問答內(nèi)容摘要，由美國國務(wù)院國際信息局(IIP)翻譯。-----------------美國國務(wù)院 發(fā)言人辦公室

美國國務(wù)卿希拉里·羅德姆·克林頓 在紐約亞洲協(xié)會的講話 2009年2月13日 紐約州紐約市

克林頓國務(wù)卿：謝謝你，維莎卡(Vishakha)。也謝謝約翰·桑頓(John Thornton)和杰米·梅茨爾(Jamie Metzl)及今天下午在這里聚會的理事們。我十分高興能夠回到這里，回到這座宏偉的大樓，有機會向你們致謝，感謝亞洲協(xié)會數(shù)十年來為加強美國與亞洲人民和政府之間的關(guān)系所做的工作。

在我開始講話前，請允許我用片刻的時間對今天因大陸航空公司3407航班不幸遇難而喪失親人的家庭、出事地點克拉倫斯中心(Clarence Center)的居民及整個布法羅(Buffalo)社區(qū)的人民表達我的哀思并與他們一起祈禱。我了解紐約州西部地區(qū)人民的力量和愛心，完全相信他們會同心協(xié)力、互相支持、度過這段困難時光。

我感到十分悲傷的是，我獲悉在這批過早離開我們的人中間有貝弗莉·埃克特(Beverly Eckert)，她本人在9.11襲擊中失去了丈夫。貝弗莉與我相識并成為我的朋友及許多紐約人的朋友，她曾為9.11事件受害者家屬爭取權(quán)益而不懈努力。她是9.11委員會(9/11 Commission)的主要發(fā)起者之一。我會思念她。我要當眾感謝她在自己遭受不幸后所做的一切。

半個世紀前，當亞洲協(xié)會成立時，亞洲深陷冷戰(zhàn)的僵局，貧困肆虐，前景蒼涼。在亞洲內(nèi)外，除沖突、占領(lǐng)和絕望，很少有人能夠預(yù)見任何不同的未來。今天，我將要訪問的亞洲各國生活在和平的環(huán)境里。亞洲正處在全世界許多創(chuàng)新與潮流的前沿。無論是今天還是在我們的未來，亞洲都是全球文化的貢獻者、全球經(jīng)濟的強大動力以及一個對美國至關(guān)重要的地區(qū)。

在過去的30年間，我有幸前往一個十分不同的亞洲旅行。每當我回憶起那些訪問，就好像一卷新舊圖像交錯的電影膠片在頭腦中閃過。我想起[日本]京都典雅的寺廟、[蒙古]烏蘭巴托郊外的游牧生活、[泰國]清萊省傳統(tǒng)藝人制作的精美工藝品、[越南]河內(nèi)、香港和[孟加拉國]達卡熙熙攘攘的市場、新加坡與馬尼拉的豪華酒店、[中國]西安練藝的書法家、[韓國]首爾的古典服裝和[印尼]雅加達的傳統(tǒng)舞蹈、[印度]新德里撥響的錫塔琴。

我還看到了摩天大樓和工廠，城市開發(fā)走廊和高科技園區(qū)，研究設(shè)施和現(xiàn)代化醫(yī)院；在這個大洲，如今法治和自由選舉已經(jīng)或者正在更成為常規(guī)，創(chuàng)業(yè)精神和發(fā)明創(chuàng)造已將很多經(jīng)濟體轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿蚪?jīng)濟重鎮(zhèn)。

亞洲影響了幾千年世界文明，也影響了我們的文化。我國是1300萬亞裔美國公民的家園，我們的日常生活因亞洲文學和藝術(shù)、音樂和電影、食品和建筑、醫(yī)學和科學、技術(shù)和價值觀而變得豐富多彩。

今天，人們往往容易將注意力集中于互相依賴所帶來的緊張和危險，但我卻更愿意視我們的相互關(guān)聯(lián)為一種機遇，促進富有活力和建設(shè)性的伙伴合作關(guān)系，既能迎接挑戰(zhàn)，又能把握這一新世紀的期許。

這便是我今天要談?wù)摰脑掝}，即美國如何致力于外交和發(fā)展的新時代，運用明智的實力，與長期的同盟及新興國家共同努力，尋求解決全球性共同問題的地區(qū)和全球方案。

正如我所說過的，美國不能單獨解決世界問題，而世界沒有美國也不能解決問題。同時，鑒于當今國際現(xiàn)實，我們的外交政策不能再僅僅是逐個針對各個國家或僅僅是將世界分成各個地區(qū)。通過明智的實力，我們將謀求建立能超越地域和政治疆界的伙伴合作關(guān)系。

在未來幾個月里，我在會晤歐洲、拉丁美洲、中東和非洲的領(lǐng)導人時，將敦促加強雙邊、地區(qū)和全球合作；同樣，我下周在東京、雅加達、首爾和北京與亞洲領(lǐng)導人會談時將謀求更有力的接觸交流。

我希望通過我以國務(wù)卿身份首先訪問亞洲來表明，我們需要太平洋彼岸的強大伙伴，就如同我們需要大西洋彼岸的強大伙伴一樣。我們畢竟既是一個跨大西洋大國，也是一個跨太平洋大國。

我國與我即將訪問的每一個國家的關(guān)系，以及與整個亞太地區(qū)所有伙伴和盟國的關(guān)系，都對我國的安全與繁榮不可或缺。在考慮我們面臨的金融動蕩和經(jīng)濟紊亂、恐怖主義和大規(guī)模毀滅性武器、糧食安全和緊迫的健康問題、氣候變化和能源脆弱性、無國家形態(tài)的犯罪集團和人性剝削等種種最嚴重的全球威脅時，有一點十分清楚，即這些威脅都不受國界和海洋的阻攔。大規(guī)模流行病既威脅雅加達的學童也威脅杰克遜維爾（美國佛羅里達州城市—譯注）的學童。全球金融危機既使扎幌也使舊金山的銀行帳戶縮水。核擴散構(gòu)成的危險既在廣州也在華盛頓令人擔憂。氣候變化既影響中國湖南省農(nóng)民也影響美國中西部農(nóng)民的生計。這些危險影響我們所有人，因此，我們大家都必須為解決這些問題發(fā)揮作用。

因此，我前往亞洲，準備帶去美國希望作出更有力和更堅定的承諾和接觸的信息；準備與亞洲領(lǐng)導人進行合作，解決對太平洋地區(qū)和對任何其他地區(qū)具有同樣威脅的經(jīng)濟危機；準備加強我們的傳統(tǒng)伙伴關(guān)系和同盟關(guān)系，同時深化與所有國家的關(guān)系；準備幫助防止核武器在亞洲的擴散；準備擴大我們的共同努力，應(yīng)對氣候變化和清潔能源、大規(guī)模流行病和貧富不均等21世紀的挑戰(zhàn)。

奧巴馬政府還準備將我們的接觸延伸到政府大樓和官方會議廳之外，盡管這些十分重要。我們準備與公民社會接觸；讓扶持良好治理、自由選舉和自由媒體、更廣泛的受教育機會、更強大的健保體系、宗教包容以及人權(quán)所需的基礎(chǔ)更加鞏固。我們準備傾聽意見。積極聽取伙伴們的意見不僅是表示尊重，而且也能成為思路的來源，為我們的共同努力增添動力。僅在不久前，我們的政府太經(jīng)常地在考慮已有事實和證據(jù)或聽取他人觀點之前便本能地采取行動。但奧巴馬總統(tǒng)和我本人致力于貫徹既非出于一時沖動也不基于意識形態(tài)，而是重視他人意見的外交政策。當我們有分歧時──而分歧肯定是會有的──我們會坦誠地予以討論，并且明確那些會限制我們合作能力的因素。作為我們對話的一部分，在我們努力擴大人權(quán)，建立一個尊重人權(quán)的世界的過程中──在這個世界里，諾貝爾和平獎得主昂山素季(Aung San Suu Kyi)能夠在自己的國家自由生活，北韓人民能夠自由地選擇自己的領(lǐng)導人，藏族人民和全體中國人民能夠享有宗教自由而無需擔心被起訴──我們既要求自己承擔責任，也要求其他國家承擔責任。

我們認為，今天存在的問題也帶來機會。運用明智的實力要從實事求是地評估我們生活的世界入手。這要求我們必須，毫無少于其他國家地，承認我們自己對出現(xiàn)在眼前的種種全球問題所具有的責任。

請讓我先談?wù)勈紫扔|及我們并使我們遭受重創(chuàng)的這場全球金融危機。今天，美國各地的家庭在失去工作、住房、儲蓄和夢想。但這場危機不僅威脅到我們。其后果也波及亞洲部分地區(qū)和世界其他地區(qū)。

我們最近聽到韓國財政經(jīng)濟部新任長官預(yù)計韓國經(jīng)濟今年將收縮2%，可能會有20萬人失業(yè)。中國政府上周進行的一項農(nóng)村調(diào)查顯示，中國總計1.3億民工中有2000萬人失業(yè)。日本一份新的分析報告也預(yù)測經(jīng)濟收縮幅度要比先前預(yù)計的高。印度尼西亞12月的出口額下降了20%以上，預(yù)期的增長幅度也減小。根據(jù)臺灣的經(jīng)濟報告，其出口額空前下降了44%。整個亞洲對耐用商品的需求量均大幅度降低。

這場全球金融危機迫使各國在國內(nèi)尋求解決途徑。但我們?nèi)魏稳硕疾荒芤晃堕]門自省，以致忽略國際伙伴為穩(wěn)定世界經(jīng)濟并促使我們所有人重新回到繁榮發(fā)展的道路上所必須發(fā)揮的關(guān)鍵作用。我們也不能急于以高筑貿(mào)易及其他壁壘的方式應(yīng)對；我們必須始終致力于一個開放與公平的貿(mào)易體制。在我們國內(nèi)，美國政府正在努力解決房屋市場危機并重建銀行系統(tǒng)。國會估計將批準一套刺激方案，這套方案將成為幾十年來旨在創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會和提高收入的規(guī)模最大的政府舉措。中國、澳大利亞和亞洲其他國家作出了積極反響。我們需要多臺引擎同時啟動，才能重新帶動全球增長。

在11月于華盛頓舉行的20國集團會議上，與會領(lǐng)導人承諾采取各項行動，從調(diào)整財政政策到強化國內(nèi)監(jiān)管。即將于4月在倫敦舉行的下次20國集團會議將為我們提供一個充實這一承諾的機會。

除了這場金融危機外，其他種種議題也需要雙邊以及區(qū)域性和全球性方針。美國致力于保持我國在亞洲的傳統(tǒng)安全同盟，并以這些同盟關(guān)系為基礎(chǔ)，應(yīng)對我們面臨的錯綜復雜的全球威脅。令我非常高興的是，日本和韓國本周已同意聯(lián)合援助阿富汗的重建努力，這兩個國家還繼續(xù)協(xié)助我們保障全球安全，特別是抗擊非洲之角的海盜活動。

我們有必要合力解決東北亞地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定所面臨的最嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)──北韓的核項目。奧巴馬政府致力于推動六方會談，我將同韓國、日本和中國商討如何最有效地促使會談重歸正軌。我們相信存在著推動這些討論的機會，但北韓必須停止對韓國發(fā)出任何挑釁行動和無益的言論。

北韓政府已承諾放棄全部核武器，盡早重新加入《不擴散核武器條約》(Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons)。我們繼續(xù)要求他們履行上述承諾。如果北韓有誠意地準備全面地、可核實地取消其核武器項目，奧巴馬政府愿意實現(xiàn)雙邊關(guān)系正?；?，以一項永久性的和平條約取代朝鮮半島多年來的停火協(xié)議，并幫助滿足北韓人民的能源及其他經(jīng)濟需求。

在一個相關(guān)問題上，我將讓我們的日本盟友放心，我們沒有忘記被綁架到北韓的日本公民的家庭。我下個星期將在東京會晤其中的一些家庭成員。

氣候變化問題和對清潔能源的需求要靠全球來解決?，F(xiàn)在，氣候變化不僅是一個環(huán)境或能源問題，而且關(guān)系到我們的健康和我們的經(jīng)濟以及我們的安全，渾然一體。

總統(tǒng)和我迅速任命一名美國氣候變化問題特使反映了我們對待這一威脅的緊迫感。我下星期將率同斯特恩(Todd Stern)特使前往亞洲，開始進行我們希望將為展開合作創(chuàng)造機會的討論。

我國一直是歷史上最大的溫室氣體排放國，我們承認，我們必須率先努力減少有害氣體的排放和建設(shè)低碳經(jīng)濟。但是我將訪問的每一個國家也在這項努力中承擔角色。我將向日本和韓國積極主張清潔能源，并尋求同印度尼西亞的合作途徑。夏偉(Orville Schell)在本期《時代》周刊雜志中的評論中提醒我們，在清潔能源和提高效益方面的協(xié)作為深化美-中整體關(guān)系提供了一個真正機會。因此，我們將與中國方面辛勤努力，建立伙伴合作關(guān)系，提倡使用更清潔的能源、提高能源效益和進行有益于兩國的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓，并且促進其他既保護環(huán)境、同時又推動經(jīng)濟增長的戰(zhàn)略。在北京期間，我將參觀利用通用電氣和中國技術(shù)建造的清潔熱電廠。它是一個我們所大量需要的創(chuàng)造就業(yè)、以及雙邊合作關(guān)系和公私合作關(guān)系的榜樣。你們可能聽我形容過，在國家安全的三D中──防務(wù)(defense)、外交(diplomacy)和發(fā)展(development)，國務(wù)院的工作占其中的兩個方面。每一方面都對加強我們的利益和我們的安全至為關(guān)鍵，然而，發(fā)展的重要性往往被視為處于我國更大外交政策目標的邊緣。在奧巴馬政府任內(nèi)不會重復這種情況。我們將在世界各地大力促進發(fā)展，為公民們——特別是邊緣人口和婦女兒童——提供更多機會，使他們能夠發(fā)揮天賦潛能，而我們恰認為這種努力將增進我們的共同安全利益。今天，亞洲的很大部分地區(qū)享有和平與繁榮，這在很大程度上與美國不無關(guān)系，在過去半個世紀里美國努力支持亞洲國家的政治、經(jīng)濟、安全和教育結(jié)盟。

我們在發(fā)生自然災(zāi)害時提供了協(xié)助，包括支持印尼海嘯和緬甸颶風后的重建工作，我們?yōu)榇烁械阶院?。印尼人民和政府化解了亞齊省的長期內(nèi)亂，該局勢一度威脅到國家的進步，他們還為實現(xiàn)東帝汶的和平與穩(wěn)定作出了積極努力，對此我們表示贊賞。

印尼是亞洲最富有活力的國家之一。人民把熱情和理想相結(jié)合，在這個國家建立了自由和公正的選舉制度、自由的新聞媒體和朝氣蓬勃的公民社會。婦女在印尼政府中發(fā)揮了顯著作用。我們將支持印尼和這個地區(qū)積極倡導共有價值觀的其他國家，我們也期待著同該地區(qū)的其他伙伴和朋友合作，例如我們的盟友泰國和菲律賓，還有新加坡、馬來西亞和越南，以確保東盟能夠?qū)嵺`憲章，展示該地區(qū)在經(jīng)濟、政治、人權(quán)和社會問題上的領(lǐng)導能力。

我還要感謝澳大利亞幾十年來所發(fā)揮的領(lǐng)導作用和友誼。雖然我此行不能訪問澳大利亞，但我們知道澳大利亞是我們在世界上最可信賴的盟友之一。我們都從新聞報道中看到，過去一周內(nèi)野火給維多利亞州造成了巨大損失。奧巴馬總統(tǒng)和陸克文總理通過電話討論了目前的狀況。我們已經(jīng)派出森林火災(zāi)方面的專家?guī)椭拇罄麃喨嗣瘛Ｎ覀兿Ｍ拇罄麃喌呐笥褌兇_知，我們和他們一道哀悼在這場悲劇中逝去的無辜生命。我們在過去共同努力，還將在未來攜手前進，為此，我們心存感激。

我現(xiàn)在向大家簡要介紹一下我將在下周討論的一些關(guān)鍵性問題。我按照訪問的國家順序逐一介紹，從我此行的第一站日本開始。明年，我們與日本的安全聯(lián)盟將滿50年，該聯(lián)盟一直是并且必須繼續(xù)是不可動搖的。在東京，我將簽署《關(guān)島國際協(xié)議》（Guam International Agreement）。根據(jù)該協(xié)議，將有8000名美軍從沖繩轉(zhuǎn)移至關(guān)島，以使我們的安全聯(lián)盟能夠應(yīng)對目前的挑戰(zhàn)。另外，日本在解決巴基斯坦經(jīng)濟危機方面正在發(fā)揮更大的領(lǐng)導作用，還參與太空探索、疾病治療、救助世界各地的災(zāi)民等項集體努力。日本應(yīng)為此受到贊譽。我們預(yù)期進一步加強與日本的伙伴關(guān)系，以幫助維護亞洲的和平與穩(wěn)定，日益加強關(guān)注全球性挑戰(zhàn)，例如災(zāi)害救助、推動阿富汗和巴基斯坦的女童教育和減輕非洲的貧困。我們還將注重與印尼的合作，我們認為與印尼的合作大有潛力。不必我說，我們的新總統(tǒng)在印尼廣為人知，深受欽佩。我們現(xiàn)在有機會加強在教育、能源和食品安全方面的伙伴關(guān)系。印尼政府還建議與美國建立更深的伙伴關(guān)系。這種設(shè)想反映了在共同關(guān)心的領(lǐng)域中的一種積極做法，我們決心制訂具體的日程，與印尼共建這種伙伴關(guān)系。

韓國歷來是我們最堅定的盟友之一。毫無疑問，凡是追蹤韓國歷史的人都會和我一樣對韓國從上一個世紀的停滯狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變至生機勃勃的今天感到贊嘆。美國和韓國都將堅定不移地以互惠的方式擴大貿(mào)易。我們將為實現(xiàn)該目標共同努力。作為亞洲協(xié)會的會員，各位深知中國的重要性，深知我們與中國保持積極的合作關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。這不僅關(guān)系到亞太地區(qū)的和平與繁榮，而且關(guān)系到全球的和平與繁榮。在過去二十年的經(jīng)濟增長中，我們與中國的經(jīng)濟往來有目共睹。在目前困難的經(jīng)濟形勢下，在種種——我是說——在我們面臨的種種全球性挑戰(zhàn)下，這種重要性更加明顯，這些挑戰(zhàn)包括核安全、氣候變化、大規(guī)模流行病等等。那么，有些人認為崛起的中國一定是一個對手。然而，正相反，我們認為美國和中國都能夠從對方的成功中受益，也都能夠為對方的成功作出貢獻。就共同關(guān)心的領(lǐng)域和共有的機會作出更大努力符合雙方的利益。中國已經(jīng)在多方面發(fā)揮了積極的作用，例如主持六方會談和參加國際維和工作。我可以在此欣慰地宣布，我們兩國在這個月晚些時候?qū)⒒謴蛙姺街袑訒?。我們期待著臺灣海峽兩岸的關(guān)系進一步改善。

即使我們之間存在分歧，美國仍將致力于尋求與中國發(fā)展建設(shè)性關(guān)系，我們認為這種關(guān)系對未來美國的和平、進步與繁榮至關(guān)重要。

中國古代有個故事，講的是戰(zhàn)國時期兩個交戰(zhàn)國的士兵在風雨中同乘一條船橫渡大江。他們沒有廝殺，而是同心協(xié)力，因此得以幸存。中國有一個源于這個故事的成語，叫做“同舟共濟”。今天，這個成語中蘊含的智慧必須繼續(xù)為我們引路指航。

因此，在星期天動身前往亞洲時，我肩負著堅定的承諾，將與太平洋彼岸的合作伙伴們共同辛勤努力，加強我們的交往，以便再次取得過去半個世紀中具有積極意義的轉(zhuǎn)變，并在本世紀中使之更加鞏固，更加明顯。我們面臨一個這樣的機會，我希望我們能夠把握這個機會，但不能僅僅依賴政府去做，還要靠全國各地的美國人，包括今天在座的亞洲協(xié)會的會員們、民營部門、學術(shù)界、勞工和專業(yè)人士、非政府組織。讓我們下定決心，主動聯(lián)系，積極回應(yīng)，相互諒解，作出承諾。這樣，我們不僅會加深理解，而且將采取積極的行動，改善我們本國人民以及今天亞洲人民的生活。非常感謝大家。(掌聲)（講話全文結(jié)束）--------------------以下是克林頓國務(wù)卿在講話結(jié)束后同與會者的問答摘要： 德賽女士：……第一個問題非常簡單，但我們很想聽你談?wù)勛鳛閲鴦?wù)卿，你認為首先訪問亞洲，而不是其他地區(qū)的重大意義是什么？

克林頓國務(wù)卿：我認為這明確地顯示出我們這屆新政府希望集中大量的時間和精力同亞洲伙伴和太平洋地區(qū)的所有國家合作，因為我們清楚，我們的未來在很大程度上取決于我們與該地區(qū)的關(guān)系。我們也同樣清楚，我們應(yīng)對目前所面臨的多種全球挑戰(zhàn)的能力取決于該地區(qū)的決策。因此，我作出這個決定并不難。很顯然，我們要集中精力應(yīng)對今天存在于我們面前的很多問題。

實際上，我到國務(wù)院赴任的第一天，也是本屆政府就職的第二天，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)和拜登副總統(tǒng)就雙雙親臨國務(wù)院，根據(jù)我的要求宣布任命米切爾(George Mitchell)為中東事務(wù)特使，霍爾布魯克(Richard Holbrooke)為阿富汗和巴基斯坦事務(wù)特使。因此，我們顯然重視全世界多個地區(qū)。

我們目前正準備參加即將在歐洲舉行的北約首腦會議。我將于3月2日前往開羅，出席由埃及主持的為加沙人民提供人道主義援助的捐助國會議。我將幫助安排我們參加定于4月舉行的美洲國家首腦會議的事宜，這次會議對于我們的南部鄰國以及我們本國都將非常重要。在非洲，我們正在努力應(yīng)對很多挑戰(zhàn)。世界如此廣大，我們有很多工作要做。而且，我認為人們普遍感到我們最近幾年對亞洲的重視似乎不夠，因為我們的注意力被世界其他地區(qū)占據(jù)。因此，我希望在一開始就顯示出我們對該地區(qū)的重視。

德賽女士：謝謝你。上述問題是德國廣播公司駐華盛頓記者金德爾(Robert Kindle)提出的。

下一個問題是我們常駐舊金山的副會長沃茲沃思(Jack Wadsworth)提出的。他的問題是，我復述一下大意，在保爾森-布什時期，美中對話的首要議題是經(jīng)濟。你對擴大對話議程的風險或潛在益處有何見解？

克林頓國務(wù)卿：這個問題提得很好，表述得也很恰當。我和蓋特納部長已經(jīng)當面談過這個問題，因為我們認為國務(wù)院和財政部應(yīng)當在美國和中國需要討論的廣泛議題上發(fā)揮相輔相成的作用。我們認為這能為我們提供在政府所有層次同時展開接觸的機會。至于我們?nèi)绾沃贫ㄟ@些對話的框架，將是我下周要同中國領(lǐng)導人討論的問題。但我們必須真正理解我們共同關(guān)注的問題的廣度和深度。

你們都聽我提到了能源和環(huán)境變化問題。我已經(jīng)說過，我們歷來都是排放大國，而中國剛剛超過我們。他們現(xiàn)在是頭號排放大國。這對于醫(yī)療保健和生活質(zhì)量指數(shù)以及經(jīng)濟和其他諸多方面都產(chǎn)生了極為直接的影響。因此，我們希望進行非常廣泛的磋商。至于磋商的框架，我們將同中國共同制定。(問答摘要完)13 February 2009 Remarks by Secretary Clinton at Asia Society in New York Clinton looks forward to working with trans-Pacific partners on Asia trip

(begin transcript)U.S.DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman February 13, 2009 REMARKS Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton at the Asia Society February 13, 2009 New York, New York SECRETARY CLINTON: Thank you, Vishakha, and thanks also to John Thornton and Jamie Metzl and the board members who are gathered here this afternoon.It is a great pleasure to be back here in this magnificent building and to have the chance to thank you for the Asia Society’s work over many decades to strengthen the relationship between America and the people and governments of Asia.Before I begin, let me just take a moment to say that my thoughts and prayers today are with the families who lost loved ones in the tragic crash of Continental Flight 3407, with those who live in Clarence Center where this tragedy occurred, and with the entire Buffalo community.I know the strength and compassion of the people of western New York and have no doubt that they will pull together and support each other through this difficult time.I was deeply saddened to learn that among those who were taken from us too soon was Beverly Eckert, who herself lost her husband in the attacks of September 11th.Beverly became known to me and a friend to me and to many New Yorkers for her tireless advocacy for the families of the victims of 9/11, and she was one of the principal champions of the idea of the creation of the 9/11 Commission.I will miss her, and I want to just publicly thank her for all she did in the midst of her own tragedy.A half century ago when the Asia Society was founded, Asia was frozen in a cold war, wracked by poverty, and seemingly destined for desolation.Few in or outside of Asia’s borders foresaw anything but a future of conflict, occupation, and despair.Today, the countries I will visit are at peace.Asia is on the cutting edge of so many of the world’s innovations and trends.It is a contributor to global culture, a global economic power, and a region of vital importance to the United States today and into our future.Over the past 30 years, I’ve had the privilege of traveling to a very different Asia.Whenever I think back on my visits, it’s as if a movie reel of images, old and new, were running through my head.I think of the elegant temples of Kyoto, or the rituals of nomadic life outside Ulaanbaatar, the intricate handwork of traditional craftspeople in Chiang Rai, the vibrant markets of Hanoi, Hong Kong, and Dhaka;the grand hotels of Singapore and Manila, the calligraphers practicing their art in Xi’an, the historic dress of Seoul and the traditional dances of Jakarta, or the strum of the sitar in New Delhi.And I’ve seen also the skyscrapers and factories, the urban corridors and high-tech campuses, the research facilities and modern hospitals – a continent where, now, more often than not, the rule of law and free elections have become or are in the process of becoming the norm, where entrepreneurship and innovation have transformed economies into global economic powers.Asia has influenced world civilization for millennia, as it has our own culture.Our nation is home to 13 million Asian American citizens, and our daily life is so enriched by Asian literature and art, by music and movies, by food and architecture, medicine and science, technology and values.Today, it is tempting to focus our attention on the tensions and perils of our interdependence, but I prefer to view our connectedness as an opportunity for dynamic and productive partnerships that can address both the challenge and the promise of this new century.And that’s what I want to talk about today, how the United States is committed to a new era of diplomacy and development in which we will use smart power to work with historic allies and emerging nations to find regional and global solutions to common global problems.As I’ve said before, America cannot solve the problems of the world alone, and the world cannot solve them without America.At the same time, given the realities of today’s world, we can no longer approach our foreign policy solely country by country, or simply by carving the world into separate regions.With smart power, we will seek to build partnerships that transcend geographic and political boundaries.In the months ahead, I will press for stronger bilateral, regional, and global cooperation when I meet with leaders of Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa, just as I will seek more robust engagement in my discussions with Asian leaders in Tokyo, Jakarta, Seoul, and Beijing next week.In making my first trip as Secretary of State to Asia, I hope to signal that we need strong partners across the Pacific, just as we need strong partners across the Atlantic.We are, after all, both a transatlantic and a transpacific power.Our relationships with each of the countries I’m visiting, and with all of our partners and allies throughout Asia and the Pacific, are indispensable to our security and prosperity.When we consider the gravest global threats confronting us – financial instability and economic dislocation, terrorism and weapons of mass destruction, food security and health emergencies, climate change and energy vulnerability, stateless criminal cartels and human exploitation – it is clear that these threats do not stop at borders or oceans.Pandemics threaten school children in Jakarta and Jacksonville.Global financial crises shrink bank accounts in Sapporo and San Francisco.The dangers posed by nuclear proliferation create worries in Guangzhou as well as Washington.And climate change affects the livelihoods of farmers in China’s Hunan province and in America’s Midwest.These dangers affect us all, and therefore we all must play a role in addressing them.So I leave for Asia ready to deliver a message about America’s desire for more rigorous and persistent commitment and engagement, ready to work with leaders in Asia to resolve the economic crisis that threatens the Pacific as much as any other region, ready to strengthen our historic partnerships and alliances while developing deeper bonds with all nations, ready to help prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons in Asia, ready to expand our combined efforts on 21st century challenges like climate change and clean energy, pandemics, and income inequality.In the Obama Administration, we are also ready to reach beyond ministerial buildings and official meeting halls, as important as those are.We’re ready to engage civil society to strengthen the foundations needed to support good governance, free elections, and a free press, wider educational opportunities, stronger healthcare systems, religious tolerance, and human rights.And we are ready to listen.Actively listening to our partners isn’t just a way of demonstrating respect.It can also be a source of ideas to fuel our common efforts.Too often in the recent past, our government has acted reflexively before considering available facts and evidence, or hearing the perspectives of others.But President Obama and I are committed to a foreign policy that is neither impulsive nor ideological, one that values what others have to say.And when we have differences, which we will, we will discuss them frankly and specify those which limit our capacity to cooperate.As part of our dialogues, we will hold ourselves and others accountable as we work to expand human rights and create a world that respects those rights, one where Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi can live freely in her own country, where the people of North Korea can freely choose their own leaders, and where Tibetans and all Chinese people can enjoy religious freedom without fear of prosecution.Existing problems today, we believe, are opportunities as well.Exercising smart power begins with realistic assessments of the world we inhabit.And this obliges us, no less than other nations, to acknowledge our own contributions to the global problems we face.Let me start with the global financial crisis that hit us first and hit us deeply.Across the United States today, families are losing jobs, homes, savings, and dreams.But this is not our crisis alone.Its repercussions are also being felt in parts of Asia and elsewhere around the world.We have recently heard forecasts from South Korea’s new finance minister that their economy will shrink by 2 percent this year, with 200,000 jobs potentially lost.A Chinese Government survey of villages last week reported that 20 million of the nation’s 130 million migrant workers are unemployed.In Japan, a new analysis predicts a larger economic contraction than previously forecast.Indonesia’s exports fell by more than 20 percent in December as growth estimates have also fallen.And Taiwan’s economy reported a record 44 percent drop in exports.Throughout Asia, the demand for durable goods is way down.The global financial crisis requires every nation to look inward for solutions, but none of us can afford to become so introspective that we overlook the critical role that international partnerships must play in stabilizing the world’s economy and putting all of us back on the path to prosperity.And we cannot respond with a race to erect trade and other barriers.We must remain committed to a system of open and fair trade.Here at home, our government is working to address the housing crisis and restore the banking system.Congress is expected to pass a stimulus package that represents the largest government effort in a generation to create jobs and increase incomes.China, Australia, and others in Asia are responding vigorously.We need multiple engines working together to reignite global growth.At the G-20 meeting in Washington in November, leaders pledged to take actions from adjusting fiscal policy to strengthening domestic regulation.The upcoming G-20 meeting in April in London will provide us with an opportunity to build on that pledge.Like the financial crisis, other issues also require bilateral as well as regional and global approaches.The United States is committed to maintaining our historic security alliances in Asia and building on those relationships to counter the complex global threats we face.I’m very pleased that Japan and South Korea this week agreed to joint assistance for reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan, and that both countries continue to work with us on global security, especially in combating piracy off the Horn of Africa.We will need to work together to address the most acute challenge to stability in Northeast Asia, North Korea’s nuclear program.The Obama Administration is committed to working through the Six-Party Talks, and I will discuss with South Korea, Japan, and China how best to get the negotiations back on track.We believe we have an opportunity to move these discussions forward, but it is incumbent upon North Korea to avoid any provocative action and unhelpful rhetoric toward South Korea.The North Korean Government has committed to abandoning all nuclear weapons and to return at an early date to the Treaty on Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons.We continue to hold them to those commitments.If North Korea is genuinely prepared to completely and verifiably eliminate their nuclear weapons program, the Obama Administration will be willing to normalize bilateral relations, replace the peninsula’s longstanding armistice agreements with a permanent peace treaty, and assist in meeting the energy and other economic needs of the North Korean people.On a related matter, I will assure our allies in Japan that we have not forgotten the families of Japanese citizens abducted to North Korea.And I will meet with some of those families in Tokyo next week.Global solutions are essential to addressing climate change and the need for clean sources of energy.Now, climate change is not just an environmental nor an energy issue, it also has implications for our health and our economies and our security, all wrapped up in one.The rapid appointment that the President and I made of a United States Special Envoy for Climate Change reflects the seriousness we feel about dealing with this urgent threat.And I will be taking Special Envoy Todd Stern with me to Asia next week to begin the discussions that we hope will create the opportunities for cooperation.Now, our nation has been the largest historic emitter of greenhouse gases, and we acknowledge that we must lead efforts to cut harmful emissions and build a lower-carbon economy.But each of the countries that I’m visiting also have a role to play in this effort.I will press the case for clean energy in both Japan and South Korea, and look for ways to work with Indonesia as well.Orville Schell’s commentary in Time magazine this week reminds us that collaboration on clean energy and greater efficiency offers a real opportunity to deepen the overall U.S.-Chinese relationship.So we will work hard with the Chinese to create partnerships that promote cleaner energy sources, greater energy efficiency, technology transfers that can benefit both countries, and other strategies that simultaneously protect the environment and promote economic growth.While in Beijing, I will visit a clean thermal power plant built with GE and Chinese technology.It serves as an example of the kind of job-creating, bilateral, public-private collaboration that we need so much more of.Now, you may have heard me describe the portfolio of the State Department as including two of national security’s three Ds: defense, diplomacy, and development.Each is essential to advancing our interests and our security.Yet too often, development is regarded as peripheral to our larger foreign policy objectives.This will not be the case in the Obama Administration.We will energetically promote development around the world to expand opportunities that enable citizens, particularly on the margins, and particularly women and children, to fulfill their God-given potential, which we happen to believe will advance our shared security interests.That much of Asia enjoys peace and prosperity today is due in no small part to American efforts over the last half century to support political, economic, security, and educational alliances with Asian nations.We are proud to have lent American assistance in response to natural disasters, including rebuilding efforts after the tsunami in Indonesia and the cyclone in Burma.And we commend the Indonesian people and government for settling longstanding civil conflict in Aceh that threatened the country’s progress, and for similar positive efforts to achieve peace and stability that are working in Timor-Leste.Indonesia is one of Asia’s most dynamic nations, where human energy and aspiration combine to help lead the country to a free and fair system of elections, a free press, a robust civil society, and a prominent role for women in the Indonesian Government.We will support Indonesia and other countries in the region that are actively promoting shared values.And we look forward to working with our other partners and friends in the regions, allies like Thailand and the Philippines, along with Singapore, Malaysia, and Vietnam, to ensure that ASEAN can live up to its charter, to demonstrate the region’s capacity for leadership on economic, political, human rights, and social issues.Let me also thank Australia for its leadership and friendship over decades.While I’m not able to visit Australia on this trip, we know that Australia is one of our most trusted allies in the world.And as we have all seen in the news, wildfires have devastated the state of Victoria during the past week.President Obama and Prime Minister Rudd have discussed the situation by phone.And we have sent forest fire specialists to help the Australians out.We want our Australian friends to know that we mourn with them over the loss of innocent lives in this tragedy, and we remain grateful for our work together in the past and what we will do together in the future.Let me now give you a brief rundown of some of the key issues that I will be addressing next week, country by country, starting with my first stop in Japan.Our security alliance with Japan, 50 years old next year, has been, and must remain, unshakable.In Tokyo, I will sign the Guam International Agreement, which will position our security alliance to meet the challenges of this time by moving 8,000 American troops from Okinawa to Guam.Japan is also to be commended for taking on a bigger leadership role in addressing the economic crisis in Pakistan and for working on collaborative efforts to explore space, cure disease, and offer relief to victims of disasters around the world.We anticipate an even stronger partnership with Japan that helps preserve the peace and stability of Asia and increasingly focuses on global challenges, from disaster relief to advancing education for girls in Afghanistan and Pakistan to alleviating poverty in Africa.We also will focus on the very fertile ground for cooperation that we believe exists with Indonesia.I don’t need to remind you that our new President is well known and much admired there.We now have an opportunity for stronger partnerships on education, energy, and food security.The Indonesian Government has also suggested the creation of a deeper partnership with the United States.This idea represents a positive approach to areas of common concern, and we are committed to working with Indonesia to pursue such a partnership with a concrete agenda.In South Korea, we will be visiting with one of our staunchest historic allies.And certainly, everyone who has followed the history of South Korea joins me in admiration for the transition that we have observed from static conditions of the past century to the dynamic state that South Korea finds itself in today.The United States and South Korea are both committed to expanding trade in a manner that benefits both of our countries, and we will work together to that end.As members of the Asia Society, you know very well how important China is and how essential it is that we have a positive, cooperative relationship.It is vital to peace and prosperity, not only in the Asia-Pacific region, but worldwide.Our mutual economic engagement with China was evident during the economic growth of the past two decades.It is even clearer now in economic hard times and in the array – excuse me – in the array of global challenges we face, from nuclear security to climate change to pandemic disease and so much else.Now, some believe that China on the rise is, by definition, an adversary.To the contrary, we believe that the United States and China can benefit from and contribute to each other’s successes.It is in our interest to work harder to build on areas of common concern and shared opportunities.China has already asserted itself in positive ways as chair of the Six-Party Talks and in its participation in international peacekeeping efforts.And our two countries, I’m happy to say, will resume mid-level military-to-military discussions later this month.And we look forward to further improved relations across the Taiwan Strait.Even with our differences, the United States will remain committed to pursuing a positive relationship with China, one that we believe is essential to America’s future peace, progress, and prosperity.An ancient Chinese story tells of warring feudal states, whose soldiers find themselves on a boat together crossing a wide river in a storm.Instead of fighting one another, they work together and survive.Now, from this story comes a Chinese aphorism that says, “When you are in a common boat, you need to cross the river peacefully together.” The wisdom of that aphorism must continue to guide us today.So I will leave for Asia Sunday with a firm commitment to work very hard with our partners across the Pacific, to strengthen our engagement so that the positive transformations of the past half-century are replicated, mirrored, made stronger and more obvious in this century.We have such an opportunity that I hope we will seize, but it is not just up to our government to do so.It is also up to Americans across our country, those of you here in the Asia Society, in the private sector, in academia, in labor and the professions, in nongovernmental organizations all.Let us commit ourselves to providing the kind of outreach and responsiveness, understanding, and commitment that will lead not just to a better understanding, but positive actions to improve the lives of our own people here and those who live in Asia today.Thank you all very much.(Applause.)MS.DESAI: My goodness.SECRETARY CLINTON: Thank you.(Applause.)MS.DESAI: Please stay seated for a little while longer.First of all, thank you so much for such an amazing, encompassing speech that I know is going to be heard around the world, as it is being heard now.The Secretary has actually agreed to take a few questions.I want to just remind you all that we really want to focus on East Asia.So those of who say, “How come she didn’t say anything about India,” we’re not doing it now –(laughter)– just so you know.Because there’s another time.And the fact is that the Special Representative Richard Holbrooke is actually in South Asia now, and we don’t want all of our heavy power all to be in the same place at the same time.So do not ask those questions.And what I’m going to do is that we actually have questions from online audience, as well as here, and we have selected a few to see if you would give some answers.The first one is very simple, but we would love to hear from you about what you think is the significance of having your first trip as Secretary of State to Asia and not somewhere else? SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, I believe it demonstrates clearly that our new Administration wants to focus a lot of time and energy in working with Asian partners and all the nations in the Pacific region because we know that so much of our future depends upon our relationships there.And we equally know that our capacity to solve a lot of the global challenges that we’re confronting depends upon decisions that are made there.So it was an easy choice for me to make.Obviously, we are focused on the many problems that exist today that we’re confronting.Right off the bat, actually, the very first day I walked into the State Department and the second day of his Administration, both President Obama and Vice President Biden came to the State Department to make the announcements that I had asked them to do, naming George Mitchell as our Special Envoy to the Middle East and Richard Holbrooke as our Special Representative to Afghanistan and Pakistan.So clearly, we are focused on many parts of the world.We are in preparation right now for the NATO Summit that will be coming up in Europe.I will be going to Cairo on March the 2nd for the Donors Conference that Egypt is hosting on humanitarian aid for the people of Gaza.I will be helping to tee up what we do with the Summit of Americas that is coming in April that will be very important for our neighbors to the south, as well as ourself.We have a lot of challenges in Africa that we are working hard to address.So it’s a big world, and we have a lot of work to do.And I think there has been a general feeling that perhaps we didn’t pay an appropriate amount of attention to Asia over the last years, being very preoccupied with other parts of the world, so I wanted to start at the very beginning demonstrating our commitment there.MS.DESAI: Thank you.That was from Robert Kindle of ARD German Broadcasting from Washington, D.C.The next question is from our own Vice Chair sitting in San Francisco, Jack Wadsworth.And he’s asking, and I will paraphrase the question, that under the Paulson-Bush era, the primary focus of U.S.-China dialogue has been economic.What do you think are the risks or potential benefits of broadening this agenda? SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, it’s an excellent question, and it’s a apt description.Secretary Geithner and I have already met about this because we believe that the Department of State and the Treasury Department should be playing a mutually reinforcing role with respect to the broad range of issues that the United States and China should be discussing.We think that this provides us with the opportunity to engage at all levels of government simultaneously.How we’re going to structure those dialogues is something that I will be discussing with the Chinese leadership this coming week.But it is important that we understand how broad and deep the concerns that we share truly are.You know, I made a reference to energy and climate change.We are, as I said, the historically largest emitter, but China has just surpassed us.They are now the largest emitter.And this has such direct effects on healthcare and indices of quality of life, as well as the economy and so much else.So we want to have a very broad discussion.How we structure it is something we’re going to work out mutually with the Chinese.MS.DESAI: Well, sometimes people have said that since Secretary Geithner would be so focused on the economic stimulus package here and what happens at home, does that mean that State will actually take more of a leadership responsibility for the organization of these under your leadership? SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, we know that the Secretary, along with much of the rest of our government, is focused on getting our own economy up and going.But what we can do and the sequencing of how effective our recovery will be is very intimately connected with what the Chinese are doing and the decisions they’re making.So the economic dialogue is a broad one to start with.There are aspects of it that I think, you know, very much belong within the Treasury portfolio.But there are other aspects which cut across the entire range of issues that we would like to address with the Chinese.So that’s why Secretary Geithner and I have been working out our own approach.There have always been, alongside the strategic economic dialogue that Treasury led during the Bush Administration, senior dialogues on a range of issues, plus defense-related discussions.So there’s been a lot going on, but partly out of choices that were made in the last eight years, the economic dialogue, led by the Treasury Department, really did assume a larger role than a lot of these other concerns.And we think that it is in our mutual interest to work out a way that all of these important issues are discussed on an ongoing basis, and that’s what we intend to do.MS.DESAI: Well, I must say from the Asia Society perspective, it’s wonderful that you and the Obama Administration generally have focused so much on climate change because of our own work under the leadership of Orville Schell.But I should also tell you that Tim Geithner happens to be a good friend of this institution because Peter, his father, who is the head of the Asia region in Ford Foundation, was also a good friend.So we’re delighted that you will be working together, and we hope he will be here as well.SECRETARY CLINTON: I will extend the invitation.MS.DESAI: Right.Thank you.(Laughter.)SECRETARY CLINTON: I don’t know if they’ll let him out of Washington for anything--MS.DESAI: Not yet.Not yet.SECRETARY CLINTON:--anything yet.MS.DESAI: This is an interesting question.North Korean Philharmonic wants to hold a concert in New York, in response to when the New York Philharmonic went there.Is there any condition in changing the atmosphere before such visas could be granted? SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, I am hopeful that we will be able to engage the North Korean Government in the kind of serious discussion that I referred to in my remarks, one that could lead with their fulfilling their commitments regarding denuclearization and nonproliferation to bilateral relations and opportunities for the kind of normalization that I think many would hope to see.So much of it depends upon the choices that they make.But we will look at all of these individual decisions – like the Philharmonic coming here, for example – and consider whether or not that does help us to try to change the atmosphere to increase the connections between North Koreans, and certainly, Americans get it off of just the government-to-government Six-Party Talk and bilateral discussions that have been the, you know, predominant or only way of that kind of formal relationship.So much of it depends upon the choices that the North Korean Government makes.And certainly, we are hopeful that they will not engage in provocative actions and words that could create a much more difficult path for us to walk with them.MS.DESAI: This is about the Bretton Woods Institution.Some experts have called for a revision of the Bretton Woods Institution and the UN – especially the Security Council, as you know – so that it would account primarily also for the increasing role of Asian states in global, economic and political affairs.How, if at all, do you think these institutions might accommodate and engage a rising Asia? SECRETARY CLINTON: I think the discussions that have been started in the G-20 and also at the G-8 level, as well as within multilateral institutions like the IMF, the World Bank, the WTO, as well as within governments, should vigorously consider and debate whether we need new institutions, whether we need to, you know, reframe some of the regulatory processes that need to be in place.This should all be on the table, and I know that certainly, the Obama Administration is going to be implementing new regulations in our own economy that we think will make the free market work better and be more effective without the kind of distortion and interference that some of the decisions that we’ve seen over the last several years have caused.So I think that there is a great – a great receptivity, but the devil is in the details, and there hasn’t been the kind of hard work yet done to determine whether the – you know, the son of Bretton Woods is a realistic possibility or not.And I’m hoping that that will be part of the broader agenda.I know it’s on the minds of the President and the Treasury Secretary and the National Economic Council led by Larry Summers.So from my perspective, I think it’s important for the United States to lead and rebuild confidence in our own markets to demonstrate that we’ve learned the lessons that the last months have unfortunately brought home to us, in order to both answer the legitimate criticism from others around the world and assuage their concerns about our economic position.In order to continue to be the preeminent economic power in the United States, we have to take actions here that will position us for that kind of future.And I hope that with the President’s leadership, you’ll see that happen.MS.DESAI: As you have said numerous times, actually, that often in Asia, people have said after their last financial crisis that we gave them lots of advice on what to do.And many Asians now come back and say, “But America hasn’t followed its own advice.” And therefore, we have to reclaim that position again--SECRETARY CLINTON: That’s right.MS.DESAI:--of credibility.It’s important.SECRETARY CLINTON: I think that – I mean, everyone talks about our current financial crisis as being as much one of confidence and trust as of, you know, credit.And I really believe that we’ve got to take steps here in order to demonstrate exactly what Vishakha is saying, that we’ve cleaned up our own house and we’ve done it in a smart way, where we haven’t crippled our capacity to, you know, be the global, you know, credit center, to be a market maker, to do all that is done so well historically in this city.But you don’t have to travel very far to hear the voices of doubt and even the explicit criticism coming from the leaders of other countries.And it’s my hope that, you know, again, we’ll have a public-private partnership to address these concerns, answer them, and, you know, lead the global recovery so that we can once again, you know, be promoting and creating prosperity here at home as well as around the world.MS.DESAI: This question is partly related, but somewhat different, and this question is from Michele Ehlers and she’s a co-founder of Global Visionary – Global Leadership Network in Fremont, California.And her question is: How can we upgrade our American dream to a global vision that the earth can sustain and that is supportable for every human being? If we Americans wish to be known for our leadership in the world and be recognized as true partners in global development, we need to take on a new model of life that’s sustainable and possible for every human being.How can you best advocate that? SECRETARY CLINTON: That’s a great question, and it was a question that maybe five years ago would have been, you know, thought of as kind of touchy-feely, to be honest about it –(laughter)– and would not have been entertained seriously in a lot of the boardrooms and the decision-makers’ meetings and halls of legislatures.But I think it is an issue that we have to be smart about addressing.You see, the threat of global climate change, the intimidation created as we’ve seen in Europe by control over energy supplies, the fear that globalization has not spread its benefits broadly and deeply enough, those are all opportunities for Americans, primarily in the private sector and also in our government, to start kind of solving these problems, and to do so with the same level of energy and ingenuity that we have brought to problems in the past.We have such an opportunity here, and I’m hoping that, you know, some of the provisions that made their way through the difficult negotiations over the stimulus package will have the result of helping to jumpstart and support research.We’ve got to get back to supporting basic science in America.It’s one of our greatest advantages.And we have not been keeping up with our potential for leading the way in science, technology, and research.So I would hope that the answer to the question asked doesn’t, in any Americans’ minds, sort of create the image that somehow, we would have to give up our way of life.I mean, that seems to always end up being the debate, that, you know, this will be economically ruinous for us, this will cause us to fall behind, we’ll lose out in what the American dream should be, in a material sense.And I just don’t buy that.I don’t believe that is the way forward.Now, do we have to change some of how we live? Yes.But, you know, changing to compact fluorescent bulbs is not the kind of sacrifice that is going to undermine the quality of our life.(Laughter.)You know, it--MS.DESAI: You know, in Australia, now they already have made that as a law.SECRETARY CLINTON: That’s right.MS.DESAI: You know, so--SECRETARY CLINTON: That’s right.And so I think there’s – you know, you can go from the small steps that each of us can take, which, in the aggregate, would add up to significant changes, to the kind of governmental driven decisions that you’ll see more of in the Obama Administration.Our new Secretary of Energy Steven Chu is absolutely focused on how he can make the case that changes in our uses of energy, and in how we both create it and deliver it, would go a long way toward enabling us to live a better, more sustainable life.You know, even though the legislative changes that have been made in California over the last 35 years have resulted in a lower per capita usage of electricity than in the rest of the country – and I don’t think people in California feel like they’re deprived.So part of what we have to do is have the leadership in both the public and the private sectors look to academia – you know, ask for good ideas – and then begin implementing them, and do so with courage and a pioneering spirit.You know, we are supposed to be the problem solvers.You know, that’s who we’re supposed to be.And it’s time, when we face these global challenges, we demonstrate that that’s who we continue to be.And I’m excited by it.I think, you know, our children and our children’s children will live very well if we make the right decisions now.And if we don’t, I don’t think we can look them in the eyes and make that claim, and I don’t want to live like that as an American.I think it’s far preferable that we step up to our responsibilities, and I know that’s what the President is trying to encourage us to do.MS.DESAI: Well, it’s sort of – you talk about smart power in international relations.This is about smart energy use--SECRETARY CLINTON: That’s right.MS.DESAI:--domestically and--SECRETARY CLINTON: Yeah, smart grids.MS.DESAI: Exactly.SECRETARY CLINTON: Smart cars.MS.DESAI: Right.SECRETARY CLINTON: You know, I mean, it’s not going to happen overnight.But the idea that we just continue putting off the future when we’re supposed to be the country of the future is so contrary to our nature.And it is, I think, causing some puzzlement around the world.But also, people are going to say, “Well, we’ll take advantage of those opportunities.”

You know, whether or not we have a modern battery industry is up to us.Whether or not we have a smart electric grid that will save energy and be able to decentralize energy production and usage is up to us.Whether or not we sort our way through our automobile crisis and end up with cars that are energy savers as – insofar as transportation permits is up to us.And you can go down the list.These are not somebody else’s responsibility, and I think we have to have a very significant government commitment, and that’s what we’re trying to do in the Obama Administration.It’s still difficult to make the case.I mean, a lot of what was in the stimulus originally, which would have set the path for us, you know, was not left in because it was thought to be, you know, economically challenging, should be left to – completely to the private sector.Well, we forget we electrified the country because the government stepped in.You know, we have so many examples from our past where we went as far as we could with the private sector, but frankly, it wasn’t profitable to bring electricity to the northern reaches of New York and the Adirondacks or northern Arkansas.The interstate highway system – we built highways to places that were barely populated, which are now booming.I mean, we made decisions that drove our growth and they were government and business decisions, and I think we’ve got to get back to thinking about that and feeling like we’re all on the American team for the next decade so that we can reassert our position economically here at home and around the world.MS.DESAI: On that note, we must bring this to an end.I just want to say that with our foreign policy in your hands, our heart is at ease.SECRETARY CLINTON: Well, thank you.MS.DESAI: Please join me in thanking Secretary Clinton.(Applause.)(end transcript)Article translated in: 中文

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第四篇：美國國務(wù)卿克林頓就全球健康行動計劃發(fā)表講話

美國國務(wù)卿克林頓就全球健康行動計劃發(fā)表講話

2010-08-19 01:39:27| 全球健康行動計劃：美國在世界衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域下一階段的領(lǐng)導作用

國務(wù)卿希拉里·克林頓（Hillary Rodham Clinton）約翰霍普金斯大學高級國際研究學院（SAIS）

華盛頓哥倫比亞特區(qū) 2010年8月16日

這就是我今天要向你們闡述的使命：奧巴馬政府如何進一步履行我國長期以來對全球衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域所作的承諾，使更多地方有更多的人獲得挽救生命的疾病預(yù)防、治療和護理。

這是美國在當今世界發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導作用的一個標志，也是我時刻牽掛的一個問題。過去20年來，我有幸代表我們國家訪問過世界上很多地方，我所結(jié)識的許許多多的人都親身體驗到成功的健康計劃所能發(fā)揮的巨大作用。

……歷史上沒有任何國家為改善全球健康狀況作出了更多的努力。在取得當代某些最重大的衛(wèi)生成就方面，美國走在世界的最前列。天花困擾人類達數(shù)千年之久，直至1960和1970年代，我們通過世界衛(wèi)生組織（World Health Organization）一系列根除天花的行動為這種疾病的絕跡作出了貢獻。“擴大免疫規(guī)劃”（Expanded Program on Immunization）使全世界將近80%的兒童接種了挽救生命的疫苗，而在36年前這項規(guī)劃剛啟動時，僅有不到5%的兒童接種疫苗，此項成就部分歸功于美國的資助和支持。美國參與倡導的推廣微量營養(yǎng)素的全球性努力保護了千百萬幼童和孕婦的健康。

我們在抗擊被忽視的熱帶疾病的斗爭中也在全球處于領(lǐng)先地位，僅在過去四年中就為5900萬熱帶疾病患者提供了治療。我們每年都參與覆蓋5000多萬人的瘧疾防治工作，我們提供將近60%——全世界艾滋病病毒和艾滋病防治捐助資金的60%。在全世界為衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展援助提供的資金中，有總共40%的資金來自美國。

毫無疑問，這不是民主黨或共和黨的問題，而是一個牽動美國人的愛心、超越黨派政治的問題。我國之所以能在衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導作用，是因為得到了兩黨一致的強有力的支持。我贊賞布什政府在全球衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域所做的開拓性工作，特別是提出了總統(tǒng)防治艾滋病緊急救援計劃（President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief）和總統(tǒng)防治瘧疾行動計劃（President's Malaria Initiative）這兩項具有代表性的衛(wèi)生計劃?！?/p>

現(xiàn)在，除了政府，美國各民間組織也正在作出卓越的貢獻。例如，比爾和梅林達蓋茨基金會（Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation)捐贈了數(shù)十億美元重新開展大規(guī)模免疫活動，發(fā)現(xiàn)預(yù)防和治療疾病的新疫苗及其他手段；卡特中心（Carter Center)領(lǐng)導了消滅危害健康的麥地那龍線蟲病的全球運動；克林頓基金會（Clinton Foundation)與制藥公司合作，讓數(shù)百萬民眾能夠獲得可負擔的艾滋藥品；還有美國各地的數(shù)百個其他組織，它們用創(chuàng)新方法為世界各地的人民提供拯救生命和改善生活的保健服務(wù)。

教會和宗教團體也帶頭為急需的人們提供治療，包括派出志愿醫(yī)務(wù)工作者，他們在那些缺醫(yī)少藥的地方為民眾服務(wù)，有時冒著生命危險。就在兩個星期前，來自美國和其他幾個國家的志愿醫(yī)務(wù)工作者在阿富汗被殺害，當時他們正在為鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)提供巡回醫(yī)療服務(wù)，治療眼疾，并開辦一個牙科診所。這對他們的家庭是一個巨大的損失，對世界是一個巨大的損失，對那些已經(jīng)受益于或即將受益于他們的幫助的人也是一個巨大的損失。

此類事件提醒我們，加強全球衛(wèi)生工作不僅是我國政府堅定不移的首要任務(wù)，而且是許多美國公民和我們整個民族的首要任務(wù)。這是我們國家的一項重要歷史紀錄，一項經(jīng)常被忽略或沒有引起充分關(guān)注的紀錄。

今天，我代表奧巴馬政府，向大家通報一下美國全球衛(wèi)生工作的下一個篇章。它被稱為“全球健康行動計劃”，簡稱GHI。它代表著一種新方法，以新思維為指導，并設(shè)定了新的目標：增強我們現(xiàn)有的衛(wèi)生工作計劃，在此基礎(chǔ)上幫助其他國家發(fā)展改善本國人民健康的能力，從而拯救盡可能多的生命。

*我們投資于全球衛(wèi)生事業(yè)，為的是加強脆弱或社會機制衰退的國家。我們已經(jīng)看到艾滋病奪去了農(nóng)民、教師、軍人、醫(yī)務(wù)工作者和其他專業(yè)人士的生命，對國家產(chǎn)生了毀滅性影響，數(shù)百萬孤兒和弱勢兒童無人照料，他們的需求遠不是任何政府機構(gòu)可以滿足的。由于艾滋病的破壞性影響，克林頓政府不僅把它歸類為一項健康威脅，而且視作對國家安全的威脅，后來的國務(wù)卿科林·鮑威爾（Colin Powell)也持同樣的立場。研究國家安全的智庫“戰(zhàn)略和國際問題研究中心”（Center for Strategic and International Studies)發(fā)起成立了“全球衛(wèi)生策略委員會”（Commission on Smart Global Health Policy)。該委員會的共同主席為“世界援助和救援合作組織”（CARE)的海林·蓋爾(Helene Gayle)和退休海軍上將威廉·法倫(William J.Fallon)，其目的是為全球衛(wèi)生工作尋找新戰(zhàn)略，因為我們相信這將有助于我們建立一個更安全、更穩(wěn)定的世界。

我們投資于全球衛(wèi)生事業(yè)，為的是促進社會與經(jīng)濟進步，并支持能夠幫助我們解決地區(qū)與全球衛(wèi)生問題的伙伴們進行能力建設(shè)。我們看到，在許多地方，遭受疾病折磨的人民在許多不同的層次上掙扎：通常貧困范圍很廣，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不完善，食品生產(chǎn)能力有限，兒童入學率低。本來可以為家庭和國家的進步發(fā)揮主導作用的人們現(xiàn)在因疾病、貧困、缺少機會而無力自救。

我們投資于全球衛(wèi)生事業(yè)，為的是保護我們的國家安全。舉例來說，每天有成千上萬的人跨越大陸飛行，從而為我們緊密相連的世界帶來疾病傳播的威脅，我們需要一個全面有效的全球系統(tǒng)來追蹤衛(wèi)生數(shù)據(jù)、監(jiān)控疾病威脅和協(xié)調(diào)應(yīng)對措施。近年來，由于非典（SARS）和H1N1流感病毒的傳播，人們對于這樣一個系統(tǒng)的必要性有了充分的認識。如果在疾病剛剛出現(xiàn)時就加以遏制，阻止大規(guī)模爆發(fā)，使之不至演變成全球性威脅，就能夠節(jié)省大量人力物力，取得事半功倍的效果。但是，這在那些醫(yī)療服務(wù)和公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)不足或根本不存在的地方很難做到。

我們把投資于全球衛(wèi)生事業(yè)作為公共外交的一種方式。對于世界上的億萬民眾，在美國幫助下獲得預(yù)防、治療或護理是他們了解我們國家和人民的主要途徑，這種體驗可能發(fā)生巨大的作用。就傳播我們的價值觀而言，讓人們有可能健康長壽或幫助他們的孩子免受疾病的威脅，其效果不亞于任何國事訪問或戰(zhàn)略對話。

我們把投資于全球衛(wèi)生事業(yè)作為明確、直接地表達愛心的一種方式。每一年，數(shù)百萬人因不能獲得簡單的救助而喪生，如蚊帳或維生素強化食品，或口服補液治療。作為一個國家和一個民族，我們絕對不能接受那種毫無意義的死亡，我們的基因里沒有這種成分。因此，美國人在調(diào)查中經(jīng)常表示支持把我們繳納的稅款用于全球衛(wèi)生項目——不是因為它能給我們自己帶來好處，而是因為這些錢可以并且正在被用于為他人謀福利。很少有其他投資與我們?nèi)康膬r值觀如此吻合，也很少有其他投資更具有合理性。全球衛(wèi)生是一個突出的例子，它說明了從戰(zhàn)略高度使用我們的資源能夠?qū)θ嗣瘛⑸鐓^(qū)和國家產(chǎn)生立竿見影和經(jīng)久不衰的影響。

世界各地有許許多多對生命和生計構(gòu)成威脅的疾病與營養(yǎng)缺乏癥，而我們的資源卻是有限的。因此，我們必須針對最危險的威脅，從戰(zhàn)略高度作出有事實依據(jù)的決策，以確保我們的投資——這些資金畢竟來自美國納稅人——取得實效。我們還必須注重長遠目標——不僅努力滿足今天的迫切需要，而且為明天和下一代人能有更好的健康打下基礎(chǔ)。

這一思想貫穿于奧巴馬總統(tǒng)去年發(fā)起的全球健康行動計劃的各個方面。美國正在進行630億美元的投資，首先用于保持和加強我們現(xiàn)有的衛(wèi)生項目，其次，通過與政府、組織、公民社會團體和個人協(xié)作，把這些項目提升到更高水平，從而擴大我們在公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域預(yù)期能夠取得的進展。

我們正在把重點從解決具體問題轉(zhuǎn)向造福于人民，即更全面地考慮他們的生存狀況，確保他們能夠在一生中獲得最需要的保健服務(wù)。全球健康行動計劃的根本目的是，由受援國發(fā)揮主導作用，通過將各項衛(wèi)生計劃整合為一個統(tǒng)一、協(xié)調(diào)、可持續(xù)的保健系統(tǒng)來解決問題。基于對總統(tǒng)艾滋病緊急救援計劃、總統(tǒng)防治瘧疾行動計劃、母嬰保健、計劃生育、被忽視的熱帶疾病和其他關(guān)鍵的健康領(lǐng)域所作的投資，并基于疾病控制中心以及其他聯(lián)邦政府部門的工作，通過改進提供衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的整體環(huán)境來擴大效果。這樣，我們的投資能夠產(chǎn)生更大的影響，病人能夠得到更多和更好的保健服務(wù)，從而能夠更健康地生活。

根據(jù)全球健康行動計劃，我們將增加經(jīng)費，繼續(xù)擴大總統(tǒng)艾滋病緊急救援計劃的成果。2008年，總統(tǒng)艾滋病緊急救援計劃的經(jīng)費為50億美元。奧巴馬總統(tǒng)已經(jīng)為2011年提出57億美元的申請，這是單一國家為防治全球艾滋病所做的最大一筆投資。我們正在提高我們的治療目標。通過全球健康行動計劃，我們力爭為世界各地400多萬人的治療提供直接支持——這個數(shù)目是在實施總統(tǒng)艾滋病緊急救援計劃的頭五年間接受治療人數(shù)的兩倍多。

我們正在提高我們的護理目標，計劃為1200多萬人提供護理，包括500萬名孤兒和弱勢兒童。

我們正在提高我們的預(yù)防目標，通過全球健康行動計劃，我們的目標是預(yù)防1200萬例艾滋病毒感染。

我們正在加強對總統(tǒng)防治瘧疾行動計劃的支持，目標是使4.5億人口的瘧疾負擔減輕50%。

就結(jié)核病而言，我們希望通過增加治療機會挽救130萬人的性命。

我們也在加強計劃生育和母嬰保健工作，這也是美國可以而且必須發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導作用的領(lǐng)域。

我們現(xiàn)在需要為日后取得更大進展打好基礎(chǔ)，包括解決……系統(tǒng)性問題，以及與伙伴國協(xié)作，鏟除危害其人民健康的最根深蒂固的障礙……

首先，我們會和其他國家一起創(chuàng)建并實施它們根據(jù)自己的獨特需要和現(xiàn)有能力而主導設(shè)計的健康戰(zhàn)略，我們正在幫助這些國家培養(yǎng)能力，以便它們長期管理、監(jiān)督、協(xié)調(diào)、?行健康計劃。其次，我們側(cè)重于婦女和女童的需求和貢獻。由于專業(yè)保健人員沒有注意到她們的苦難或了解其面臨的問題，她們?nèi)匀唤?jīng)常受到忽略，沒有獲得足夠的服務(wù)。

第三，我們正在完善衡量和評估自身影響的方式。這包括將重點從“投入”轉(zhuǎn)移至“成果和影響”──例如，不是根據(jù)我們分發(fā)了多少頂蚊帳來衡量成功，而是要了解有多少人因為正確使用蚊帳而實際避免了瘧疾──這種評估提供更全面的信息，它需要我們作出投資，改進我們收集、分析和共享數(shù)據(jù)的方式。

第四，我們正在投資于創(chuàng)新發(fā)明，重點在于開發(fā)工具，在我們工作的社區(qū)中幫助診斷、預(yù)防和治愈疾病。這些地區(qū)通常地處偏遠，資源貧乏。

第五，我們正在改進協(xié)調(diào)與整合。

第六，我們與現(xiàn)有伙伴合作，并且尋找新伙伴。我們希望和其他捐助國及多邊組織協(xié)同努力，其中許多國家和組織正在增進全球健康方面做出卓越的貢獻。

可是，我們最重要的協(xié)作對象將是我們的伙伴國，我們也會繼續(xù)呼吁它們對這項努力作出最大的承諾，因為它們的貢獻最終將決定我們能否達到目標，成功地為世界上更多人創(chuàng)建統(tǒng)一、協(xié)調(diào)、可持續(xù)的保健系統(tǒng)

第五篇：克林頓國務(wù)卿在紐約大學畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)表講話

克林頓國務(wù)卿在紐約大學畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)表講話

克林頓國務(wù)卿5月13日在紐約大學（NYU）畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)表講話，鼓勵青年一代化理想為行動，為全球合作奠定基礎(chǔ)，戰(zhàn)勝饑餓和疾病，遏制氣候變化。以下是講話全文，由美國國務(wù)院國際信息局（IIP）翻譯。美國國務(wù)院發(fā)言人辦公室 2009年5月13日

國務(wù)卿希拉里?羅德姆?克林頓在紐約大學畢業(yè)典禮上的講話 紐約州紐約市揚基體育場（Yankee Stadium）

克林頓國務(wù)卿：謝謝，謝謝，非常感謝。還有比這更好的事嗎——世界上最好的大學之一在紐約揚基隊主場所在地舉行畢業(yè)典禮？真是再好不過了。（掌聲）謝謝大家如此熱烈地為一位來訪的客人加油。我原以為在揚基體育場不可以這樣做。

能夠獲得這個學位，我感到十分榮幸。我代表獲得此一榮譽的其他人向你們表示感謝。謝謝你們給予我們參加這次畢業(yè)典禮的殊榮。當我看到眼前這一大群畢業(yè)生及其親朋好友時，我不禁想到，你們是在一個不同尋常的歷史時刻獲得學位，我們的國家和整個世界比以往更需要你們的才智和精力、你們的激情和承諾。毫無疑問，你們已經(jīng)為投入這樣的世界作好了充分的準備：這個世界似乎前景不很明朗，但將贊賞你們不僅為了你們自己和家人而且為了你們的社區(qū)和國家所接受的教育。

作為國務(wù)卿，我十分清楚我們面臨的各項挑戰(zhàn)。作為新的畢業(yè)生，你們和你們這一代人將面對這樣的挑戰(zhàn)：氣候變化和饑餓、赤貧和極端主義的意識形態(tài)、新的疾病和核擴散。但我深信，你們和我們能夠勝任這樣的任務(wù)。我們在美國和整個世界所面臨的各種問題，都能夠通過人們的努力、合作和積極的相互依賴得到解決，而這種相互依賴表明，人類社會正在繼續(xù)前進。挑戰(zhàn)將激發(fā)我們最好的一面，我們將把明天的世界變得比今天更加美好。（掌聲）

我知道，在畢業(yè)典禮上作理想化的演說是當前的時尚，[我的講話]聽起來也許很理想化，但我的信念深處有一種強烈的現(xiàn)實感。因為你們知道，我認為我們別無選擇。我們可以袖手旁觀，我們可以束手無策，我們可以采取悲觀懷疑的態(tài)度，但我們知道這樣做會產(chǎn)生什么樣的結(jié)果：我們會把陣地拱手讓給那些其意識形態(tài)為世界上所有有良知和信仰者所不齒的人。因此，我們之間積極的相互依賴——這是一個事實——將使我們?yōu)閼?yīng)對這些挑戰(zhàn)做好準備。但這不能再被僅僅視作政府與政府之間的事情。隨著新技術(shù)的不斷涌現(xiàn)，我們有時間和機會成為公民外交家、公民活動家，通過辛勤工作、耐心和毅力一個一個地解決問題，逐步積累成我們所尋求的解決方案。

我知道我們不能派特使與大規(guī)模流行的疾病進行談判，不能與二氧化碳召開高峰會，也不能與全球金融危機斷絕關(guān)系。要抗擊這些威脅并抓住這些威脅提供的機遇，我們需要自下而上地建立新的伙伴關(guān)系，利用手中可以利用的一切手段。這就是巧實力的實質(zhì)。但巧實力來自精明的人，接受過良好教育的人，向日益復雜、相互關(guān)聯(lián)的世界開放的人，而不斷變化的全球場景要求我們必須擴大我們的外交概念。

回顧我多年前從學校畢業(yè)的時候，外交是閉門謀事的高官要員的事情。如今，我們的外交人員來自各行各業(yè)，我們的外交工作也不局限于國務(wù)院或我國駐外使領(lǐng)館。我們正在為二十一世紀的治國大計培養(yǎng)人才。在哪里？就在紐約大學的教室里，就在這座偉大城市中各家公司董事會的會議室里，就在學術(shù)會堂里，就在我們一所所優(yōu)秀醫(yī)院的手術(shù)室里。我們需要的是個人承諾和個人紐帶，而這正是你們各位能夠一展身手之處。我們今天所面臨的一系列最重大的挑戰(zhàn)將由占世界人口60%的30歲以下的群體來解決。而年輕一代，像你們所有人一樣，已在發(fā)揮他們的才華和智慧，幫助形成具有他們獨特風格的公益和外交工作。

僅舉幾個例子：哥倫比亞兩名年輕的大學畢業(yè)生受夠了這個國家內(nèi)部的暴力沖突，他們利用“臉譜網(wǎng)”（Facebook）組織了一次世界歷史上規(guī)模最大的反恐怖主義抗議示威活動，共有1400萬人參加。（掌聲）在短短幾個星期中，他們的和平努力對恐怖主義網(wǎng)絡(luò)的打擊程度不亞于多年的軍事行動。

我知道，你們這屆畢業(yè)生中的一員曾在乞力馬扎羅峰（Mount Kilimanjaro）的山坡上生活了好幾個月，努力尋找可持續(xù)發(fā)展模式，以便利用這種模式幫助婦女和家庭自力更生地擺脫貧困。你們的另一位同學去年在中國留學期間遇上大地震爆發(fā)，災(zāi)情慘重，這位同學自此一直在從事為偏遠地區(qū)的村民輸送物資和援助的工作。留學生們有的前往盧旺達參加爭取人權(quán)的斗爭，有的到格魯吉亞建設(shè)公民社會，有的經(jīng)營公司企業(yè)，有的領(lǐng)導政府工作。我知道，你們之中有很多人利用社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺幫助巴拉克·奧巴馬當上了美利堅合眾國總統(tǒng)。（掌聲）

奧巴馬總統(tǒng)和我都深切理解為我國乃至所有國家的年輕人創(chuàng)造機會的重要意義，以便你們把自己的信念和理想化為奉獻與行動，正如約翰·肯尼迪創(chuàng)建和平隊（Peace Corps）和比爾·克林頓總統(tǒng)創(chuàng)建美國志愿隊（AmeriCorps）一樣，這符合公民服務(wù)的傳統(tǒng)。（掌聲）

因此，我們需要設(shè)法讓我國所有政府機構(gòu)做好準備，國務(wù)院不僅包括在內(nèi)而且要作為重點，以便讓那些不是職業(yè)外交人員但仍以自己的方式從事外交工作的人發(fā)揮作用。我們國務(wù)院的工作人員經(jīng)驗豐富，忠于職守，工作熱情而有效率。你們之中還在求職的人請注意，我們正在招聘新一代外交人員。（掌聲）

我希望你們中間能有很多人加入我們的行列成為外交官和公務(wù)員，但我知道并非所有人都愿意成為職業(yè)外交官，我也知道國務(wù)院無法單憑自己的力量解決這些重大問題。因此，我今天要對你們說的是：做你們自己的理念的特使；利用你們手中的交流工具增進我國及全人類的利益；做一位公民大使，利用你們的個人經(jīng)歷和專業(yè)活動結(jié)交全球伙伴，以共同承諾為基礎(chǔ)解決我們的星球所面臨的共同問題。通過建立你們自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，你們能夠擴展政府的能力，以滿足這一代人和子孫后代的需求。你們能夠幫助奠定全球合作的基礎(chǔ)，我們?nèi)粝朐谟猩晗囸I，戰(zhàn)勝疾病，控制氣候變化，讓每個孩子都有機會發(fā)揮他們的天賦潛能，就離不開這種全球合作。（掌聲）

這一切始于教育交流機會，始于紐約大學率先展開的那種宿舍外交和課堂外交。我要贊揚我的朋友、你們的校長，也要贊揚這所杰出高校的校董們，他們理解并相信教育交流的重要性。

你們知道，出國留學就象是為一場世紀棒球賽作準備的春訓。它有助于你們增強基礎(chǔ)技能、團隊精神和取得成功的決心。我們要讓更多的美國學生獲得這種機會。這正是我們把吉爾曼獎學金（Gilman Scholarships）的數(shù)額增加40%以上的原因。已經(jīng)有400多名紐約人利用吉爾曼獎學金花一個學期的時間去國外留學，其中包括去年在國外留學的紐約大學的9位同學。

當然，出國留學是一條雙行道，我們也應(yīng)該吸引其他國家更多的優(yōu)秀學生到美國來學習。外國學生豐富了美國的大學，使他們自己和他們的祖國受益，紐約大學在這方面樹立了一個杰出榜樣。去年有70萬名外國學生來美國求學，紐約大學招收的外國學生人數(shù)在全美各高校中名列第二。(掌聲)由于這些交流帶來了巨大的益處，我決心簡化簽證手續(xù)──(掌聲)──特別是為理工科的學生，以便未來有更多優(yōu)秀學生到我們的大學深造。我們也在擴大把高科技與全球性服務(wù)相結(jié)合的做法。因此，今天我高興地宣布，在今后一年里國務(wù)院將建立起“學生網(wǎng)上外交實習項目”(Virtual Student Foreign Service Internships)，使正在成長的一代公民外交家的能量得到有效利用。美國大學生將與我國駐外使館協(xié)作，在自己的校園內(nèi)開展網(wǎng)上外交活動，反映網(wǎng)絡(luò)化世界的現(xiàn)實。你們可以在國務(wù)院網(wǎng)站上了解該項目的詳情。

但我知道，你們不需要等到我們建立起一個新項目之后再行動。今天你們回家后，上網(wǎng)找到一個稱為Kiva——K-i-v-a——的網(wǎng)站，在那里你可以幫助像San Ma這樣一位越南母親，她正在尋找一筆小額貸款，為她的家庭農(nóng)場購買稻種和肥料；或者你們可以進入海菲國際（Heifer International）的網(wǎng)站，只要花費比在外面吃一頓晚餐還少的錢就可以把一群鵝捐贈給亞洲或非洲一個饑餓的家庭；或幫助文加里·馬塔伊（Wangari Mathai）倡導的“綠帶運動”(Green Belt movement)，種植樹木，中和碳排放，并幫助非洲婦女發(fā)揮潛能。

支持這些項目及其他類似項目不需要花費大量時間與金錢，但對于你們幫助的人們和保護的地球來說，你們的參與不僅能夠改變游戲規(guī)則，還能夠改變?nèi)藗兊纳?。全球性服?wù)還意味著促進良治。我們在國內(nèi)和世界各地都需要有見地的公民向政府問責，督促政府取得效益和找到解決問題的方案。

這并非僅僅針對今天的畢業(yè)生，在場的還有許許多多自豪的父母雙親、丈夫或妻子、祖父祖母、孩子們和其他人，他們目睹你們走到了今天。對我們所有的人來說，這是邀請，也是挑戰(zhàn)。在我們所處的時代，我們知道我們需人盡其才，集思廣益。我們更應(yīng)不斷開拓新天地，超越經(jīng)常使我們分道揚鑣的分歧。前來美國參加子女或朋友畢業(yè)典禮的諸位，請銘記這一點：美國比以往任何時候都更希望得到你們的幫助；具體而言，我們需要你們幫助我們建立這些新的合作關(guān)系，幫助我們尋求解決全球危機的途徑。任何一個國家的人民或任何一個國家的政府都無法單獨戰(zhàn)勝全球性的危機。

我們大家休戚相關(guān)。我們之間歷來如此。今天，這一點更為明顯。一個國家爆發(fā)流感會迅速蔓延全球。一種極少數(shù)人醞釀的極端主義觀念可通過因特網(wǎng)急劇擴散。一場全球性的金融危機將殃及全世界每一個角落的農(nóng)民和小業(yè)主。這是新的現(xiàn)實。但同樣不可忽視的是，現(xiàn)在我們也可以通過已經(jīng)擁有的各種方式，同心協(xié)力抗擊這些共同威脅。2009年畢業(yè)班的同學們，你們面臨著歷史性的機遇。每一屆畢業(yè)生都聽到這樣的話，而且我認為在某種程度上確實如此。不過，在今天的畢業(yè)典禮上，你們已多次聽到有關(guān)全球經(jīng)濟危機的話題。應(yīng)該承認，你們畢業(yè)的這個時代或許更為困難，在某種意義上也更令人生畏。然而，這正是需要我們共同挺身而出的時候。我不禁想起一部我喜愛的關(guān)于棒球的影片，《女子棒球隊》(A League of Their Own)，其中一句精彩的臺詞 ──(掌聲)── 說得真好，“如果沒有困難，任何人都能做到”。

你們知道，當揚基隊(Yankees)于1923年遷入隔壁的舊體育場時，名冊上只有一位隊員來自圣路易斯城(St.Louis)以西的地區(qū)。這支球隊的隊員外表大同小異，說話語氣相同，均來自美國同一類地區(qū)的城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村。再看看今天在這個新場地競技的球隊，其中有來自墨西哥、日本、臺灣、巴拿馬及其他四國的隊員。揚基隊就有七名隊員來自多米尼加共和國(Dominican Republic)。同樣，紐約大學也在演變。學校創(chuàng)立時只為紐約市服務(wù)，如今則為全球服務(wù)。

我們知道，前方有許多未知數(shù)，我們誰都無法預(yù)測。變革不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。變革終會來臨。無法預(yù)知的是，變革能否帶來進步。然而，你們已盡了一切努力，獲得了最好的保障，那就是紐約大學的教育。(掌聲)有了這樣的教育，我完全相信，你們不僅可憑著你們自身的勤奮努力獲得成功，而且還能為社會做出重大貢獻，遠遠超出自身的需求。這是你們的時刻。你們加入了這個宏大的聯(lián)隊，你們可以出擊了。踏上征途，開創(chuàng)我們的未來，使之無愧于這所偉大的學府，無愧于這座偉大的城市，無愧于這個偉大的國家，無愧于我們都希望共同建立的世界。

謝謝大家，祝賀你們，愿諸位一切平安。(掌聲)

Hillary Rodham Clinton Secretary of State Yankee Stadium New York City May 13, 2009

Hillary Rodham Clinton's Remarks at the New York University Commencement Ceremony

Yankee Stadium New York City May 13, 2009 Thank you.Thank you so much.Thank you.And does it get any better than this, a graduation ceremony for one of the great universities in the world in the home of New York Yankees? Nothing could be better.(Applause.)And thanks to all of you for cheering a visitor.I didn’t realize that was permitted in Yankee Stadium.I am honored to receive this degree.And on behalf of the other honorees, I say thank you.Thank you for giving us this singular privilege of being part of this commencement ceremony.As I look out at this huge crowd of graduates, family, and friends, I can only reflect on what an extraordinary moment in history you are receiving your degrees, a moment in time of our country and the world where your talents and your energy, your passion and commitment is more needed than ever.There is no doubt that you are well prepared for a world that seems somewhat uncertain but which will welcome the education that you have received on behalf of not only of yourselves and your families, but your communities and your country.As Secretary of State, I am well aware of the challenges that we face.You, as new graduates, and your generation will be up against those challenges: climate change and hunger, extreme poverty and extreme ideologies, new diseases and nuclear proliferation.But I am absolutely convinced that you and we are up to the task.There is no problem we face here in America or around the world that will not yield to human effort, to cooperation, to positive interdependence that makes clear humanity is going on, our challenges are ones that summon the best of us, and we will make the world better tomorrow than it is today.(Applause.)

Now, I know that it is fashionable in commencement speeches to be idealistic, and that may sound so, but at the root of my conviction is a strong sense of reality.Because you see, I don’t think we have a choice.We can sit on the sidelines, we can wring our hands, we can retreat into cynicism, and we know what the results will be: We will cede the field to those whose ideologies are absolutely anathema to people of conscience and faith all over the world.So our positive interdependence, which is a fact, will prepare us to meet these challenges.But they can no longer be seen just as government-to-government.There is a time and an opportunity, and with the new technologies available, for us to be citizen diplomats, citizen activists, to solve problems one by one that will give in to hard work, patience, and persistence, and will then aggregate to the solutions we seek.Now, I know we cannot send a special envoy to negotiate with a pandemic, or call a summit with carbon dioxide, or sever relations with the global financial crisis.To confront these threats and to seize the opportunities that they also present, we need to build new partnerships from the bottom up, and to use every tool at our disposal.That is the heart of smart power.But smart power requires smart people, people who have gone the distance for their education, who have opened themselves up to this increasingly complex and interconnected world, and this changing global landscape requires us to expand our concept of diplomacy.Now, when I was graduating so many years ago, diplomacy was the domain of privileged men working behind closed doors.Today, our diplomats are not limited, and our diplomacy is no longer confined to the State Department or our embassies.We are laying the foundation for 21st century statecraft.Where? In the classrooms of NYU, in the board rooms of the businesses of this great city, in the halls of academia, in the operating rooms of our great hospitals.We are looking for those personal commitments and connections, and that is where all of you come in.The biggest challenges we face today will be solved by the 60 percent of the world’s population under the age of 30.And already, young people, like all of you, are using their talents and ingenuity to help fashion their own brand of service and diplomacy.A few examples: In the nation of Colombia, two young college graduates, fed up with the violence in their country, used Facebook to organize 14 million people into the largest antiterrorism demonstrations in the history of the world.(Applause.)In a few short weeks, their peaceful efforts did as much damage to the terrorist networks as years of military action.I know that one of your graduates spent months on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro searching for sustainable development models to bring to women and families and help them lift themselves out of poverty.Another of your classmates was studying in China last year when the devastating earthquake struck, and that has led to work ever since to deliver supplies and assistance to villagers in remote areas.International students have gone on to fight for human rights in Rwanda, build civil society in the nation of Georgia, run businesses, and lead governments.And many of you, I know, used social networking platforms to make Barack Obama the President of the United States of America.(Applause.)

President Obama and I deeply understand how important it is for the young people of our country, but the young people of every country, to be given the opportunity to translate your beliefs and ideals into service and action, just as John Kennedy did when he created the Peace Corps and as President Bill Clinton did when he created AmeriCorps.This is in the tradition of citizen service.(Applause.)

So we need to figure out ways to prepare all of our institutions of government, including and especially the State Department, to harness the efforts of those who do not enter the Foreign Service but still engage in your own type of foreign service.Our State Department personnel are skilled, dedicated, passionate, and effective.And for those of you still looking for jobs, we are hiring a new generation of diplomats.(Applause.)

I hope many of you will join our ranks in the Foreign Service and the Civil Service, but I know that not all will choose to become professional diplomats, and I also know that the State Department alone cannot tackle these great problems.So my message to you today is this: Be the special envoys of your ideals;use the communication tools at your disposal to advance the interests of our nation and humanity everywhere;be citizen ambassadors using your personal and professional lives to forge global partnerships, build on a common commitment to solving our planet’s common problems.By creating your own networks, you can extend the power of governments to meet the needs of this and future generations.You can help lay the groundwork for the kind of global cooperation that is essential if we wish, in our time, to end hunger and defeat disease, to combat climate change, and to give every child the chance to live up to his or her God-given potential.(Applause.)

This starts with opportunities for educational exchanges, the kind of dorm room and classroom diplomacy that NYU is leading on.I want to commend my friend, your president, the trustees of this great university, for understanding and believing in the importance of educational exchanges.You know, study abroad is like spring training for this century.It helps you develop the fundamentals, the teamwork, and the determination to succeed.And we want more American students to have that opportunity.That’s why we are increasing funding for Gilman scholarships by more than 40 percent.More than 400 New Yorkers have used Gilman scholarships to spend a semester abroad, including nine students from NYU last year.Now, of course, study abroad is a two-way street, and we should bring more qualified students from other countries to study here.NYU provides a prime example of what international students can bring to a campus and how they can benefit themselves and their countries.Over 700,000 international students came to the United States last year, and NYU had the second largest number of any school in the country.(Applause.)

Now, the benefits from such exchanges are so great that I am committed to streamline the visa process –(applause)– particularly for science and technology students so that even more qualified students will come to our campuses in the future.We’re also doing more to marry technology with global service.That’s why today I am pleased to announce that over the next year the 9 State Department will be creating Virtual Student Foreign Service Internships to harness the energy of a rising generation of citizen diplomats.Working from college and university campuses, American students will partner with our embassies abroad to conduct digital diplomacy that reflects the realities of the networked world.And you can learn more about this initiative on the State Department’s website.But I know that you don’t have to wait for us to create a new program.When you go home today, go online and find the website called Kiva, K-i-v-a, where you can help someone like San Ma, a mother in Vietnam who is seeking a microcredit loan to buy rice seed and fertilizer for her family farm;or log on to Heifer International’s site, and for less than the cost of a dinner out, you can donate a flock of geese to a hungry family in Asia or Africa;or help Wangari Mathai’s Green Belt movement in planting trees and offsetting carbon emissions and empowering women in Africa.Now, supporting these projects and others like them doesn't require a lot of time or money.But for the people you help and the planet you protect, your participation can be not just a game changer, but a life changer.Global service also means promoting good governance.We need informed citizens, both here at home and around the world, to hold their governments accountable for getting results and finding solutions.And this is not only directed at the graduates today, but there are a lot of proud mothers and fathers and husbands and wives and grandparents and children and others who have seen you to this day.And this is an offer and a challenge to all of us.In the times that we face, we know we don’t have a person to waste, we don’t have an idea to overlook.In fact, we have to be even more committed to reaching out and crossing the divides that too often separate us.For those who have come to this country to celebrate a child or a friend’s graduation, please take home this message: America more than ever wants your help;in fact, needs your help as we build these new partnerships and as we seek solutions to the global crises that cannot be solved by any one people or one government alone.We need each other.We always have.It’s just so much more apparent today.A flu starting in one country spreads quickly around the world.An extremist ideology starting with a few people explodes across the internet.A global financial crisis affects farmers and small business people in every corner of the globe.That is a new reality.But equally important is that we also now have the tools to work together to forge this common approach to these common threats.So, Class of 2009, you have an historic opportunity.Every class is told that, and to some extent I suppose it is always true.But just in the course of this commencement ceremony, you’ve heard several references to the global economic crisis.The times that you are graduating in are, yes, perhaps more difficult and somewhat more daunting.But that’s when we really rise together.One of the best lines from one of my favorite baseball movies, A League of Their Own –(applause)– said it well, “If it were easy, anybody could do it.”

You know, when the Yankees moved in to their old stadium next door in 1923, there was only person on the roster from west of St.Louis.Their team mostly looked the same, talked the same, and came from the same kind of cities and towns and rural areas across America.Think about the team that plays in this new stadium.It includes players from Mexico, Japan, Taiwan, Panama, four other countries.The Dominican Republic alone is home to seven Yankees.In the same way, NYU has evolved as well.The university was founded to serve the City of New York.Today it serves the world.We know that there is much yet ahead that none of us can predict.There is no way to stop change.Change will come.What is unknown is whether it will bring progress or not.But you have done what you needed to do to get the best insurance policy you could, and that is an NYU education.(Applause.)And so armed with that education, I have every confidence that you will not only succeed by the dint of your own hard work and effort, but you will contribute far beyond your own personal needs.This is your moment.You’ve made it to the big leagues, and you are up to bat.Go out and give us a future worthy of this great university, of this great city, of this great country, and of the world we all wish to create together.Thank you, congratulations, and Godspeed