第一篇：克林頓國(guó)務(wù)卿為奧巴馬中東和北非講話所做的引言

克林頓國(guó)務(wù)卿為奧巴馬中東和北非講話所做的引言

SECRETARY CLINTON: Thank you all, and welcome to the State Department.I am delighted to be here to welcome the President as well as our colleagues from the Diplomatic Corps, Senator Kerry, and senior officials from across our government, and especially the many young Foreign Service and Civil Servants who are here today.克林頓國(guó)務(wù)卿：謝謝大家，歡迎光臨國(guó)務(wù)院。我很高興能在這里歡迎總統(tǒng)以及來(lái)自外交使團(tuán)的同事們、參議員克里、我們政府各部門的高級(jí)官員、特別是今天在座的許多年輕的外交人員和公務(wù)員。

Mr.President, from your first days in office you have charged us with implementing a bold new approach for America’s foreign policy – a new blueprint for how we advance our values, project our leadership, and strengthen our partnerships.We have seen that in a changing world, America’s leadership is more essential than ever, but that we often must lead in new and innovative ways.總統(tǒng)先生，從您就職初始，您就賦予我們重任，在美國(guó)外交政策上實(shí)施一個(gè)大膽而全新的方針——這是指導(dǎo)我們推廣我們的價(jià)值觀、發(fā)揮我們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用、加強(qiáng)我們的伙伴關(guān)系的一幅新藍(lán)圖。我們已經(jīng)看到，在不斷變化的世界里，美國(guó)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用比以往任何時(shí)候都更加重要，但我們必須經(jīng)常以新的、具有創(chuàng)造性的方式發(fā)揮這種作用。

And so, Mr.President, these Foreign Service Officers and these Civil Servants, the men and women of the State Department and USAID, work every day to translate your vision into real results – results on the ground in nearly every country in the world.That is why the work we have done to provide them with the tools and resources they need to perform their mission is so important.And it’s why we need to keep making the case for those resources.因此，總統(tǒng)先生，這些外交官、這些公務(wù)員、國(guó)務(wù)院和美國(guó)國(guó)際開發(fā)署的各位男女雇員，每天都在努力把您提出的愿景變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)成果——在世界上幾乎每個(gè)國(guó)家取得成果。因此，我們努力為他們提供完成使命所需要的工具和資源十分重要。出于同樣的原因，我們需要不斷地說(shuō)明情況，為他們爭(zhēng)取這些資源。Because alongside our colleagues in the Defense Department, America's diplomats and development experts of the State Department and USAID are on the front lines of protecting America’s security, advancing America’s interests, and projecting America’s values.As a wave of change continues to sweep across the Middle East and North Africa, they are carrying our diplomacy and development far beyond the embassy walls – engaging with citizens in the streets and through social networks as they seek to move from protests to politics;with NGOs and businesses working to create new economic opportunities;and with transitional leaders trying to build the institutions of genuine democracy.They represent the best of America, and I am so proud to have them as our face to the world.與國(guó)防部的同事一起，國(guó)務(wù)院和國(guó)際開發(fā)署的美國(guó)外交官和發(fā)展專家工作在保衛(wèi)美國(guó)安全、促進(jìn)美國(guó)利益、弘揚(yáng)美國(guó)價(jià)值觀的第一線。隨著變革的浪潮繼續(xù)席卷整個(gè)中東和北非，他們執(zhí)行的外交和發(fā)展任務(wù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越了使館的圍墻——在街頭和通過(guò)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)與公民接觸，幫助他們從抗議活動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向政治活動(dòng)；與非政府組

織和企業(yè)合作，創(chuàng)造新的經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)；支持過(guò)渡時(shí)期的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人建立真正民主的機(jī)構(gòu)。他們展現(xiàn)了美國(guó)的精華，有他們作為美國(guó)在世界各地的代表，我深感自豪。

Mr.President, it is fitting that you have chosen to come here to the State Department to speak about the dramatic changes we have witnessed around the world this year.總統(tǒng)先生，您來(lái)國(guó)務(wù)院就我們今年在世界各地所目睹的巨大變化發(fā)表講話，這是一個(gè)非常恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。Now, on the back wall of this historic Benjamin Franklin Room is a portrait of the leader of Tunis, given as a gift in 1865 by the people of Tunisia in honor of the enduring friendship between our nations at the end of our Civil War.A century and a half later, Tunisians – and courageous citizens from across the region – have given the world another gift: a new opening to work together for democracy and dignity, for peace and opportunity.These are the values that made America a great nation, but they do not belong to us alone.They are truly universal.And it is profoundly in our interest that more people in more places claim them as their own.在這間有歷史意義的本杰明·富蘭克林廳的后墻上掛著一位突尼斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的畫像，那是1865年突尼斯人民在南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束時(shí)為紀(jì)念我們兩國(guó)的長(zhǎng)期友誼而贈(zèng)送的禮物。一個(gè)半世紀(jì)之后，突尼斯人——以及他們所在的整個(gè)地區(qū)的英雄人民——給世界送上了另一份禮物：為民主和尊嚴(yán)、和平與機(jī)會(huì)而共同努力的一個(gè)新開端。正是這些價(jià)值觀使美國(guó)成為一個(gè)偉大的國(guó)家，但它們不僅僅屬于我們。它們具有真正的普世性。在更多的地方有更多的人認(rèn)同它們，這完全符合我們的利益。

This moment belongs to the people of the Middle East and North Africa.They have seized control of their destiny and will make the choices that determine how the future of the region unfolds.這一時(shí)刻屬于中東和北非的人民。他們把握了自己的命運(yùn)，并將作出選擇，決定該地區(qū)未來(lái)如何變化。But, for America, this is a moment that calls out for clear vision, firm principles, and a sophisticated understanding of the indispensable role our country can and must play in the world.Those have been the hallmarks of President Obama’s leadership from his first day in office.So, it is with great confidence and faith in our future that I welcome the President of the United States, Barack Obama.(Applause.)但是，對(duì)美國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，這一時(shí)刻要求我們有明確的愿景、堅(jiān)定的原則以及對(duì)于我國(guó)在世界上能夠和必須發(fā)揮的不可或缺的作用有一個(gè)深入的理解。從奧巴馬總統(tǒng)就職的第一天起，他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式始終具備這些特征。因此，懷著對(duì)我們的未來(lái)的極大信心和信念，我謹(jǐn)歡迎美國(guó)總統(tǒng)巴拉克·奧巴馬為我們講話。（掌聲。）

第二篇：奧巴馬總統(tǒng)關(guān)于美國(guó)對(duì)中東和北非政策的講話

總統(tǒng)關(guān)于美國(guó)對(duì)中東和北非政策的講話

美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院

華盛頓哥倫比亞特區(qū)

美國(guó)東部夏令時(shí)下午12:15

謝謝你們，謝謝（掌聲）。非常感謝。謝謝。請(qǐng)坐。多謝。首先，我要感謝希拉里?克林頓（Hillary Clinton），過(guò)去六個(gè)月來(lái)，她四處奔波，已經(jīng)接近一個(gè)新的里程碑--積累100萬(wàn)英里的常飛客里程（frequent flier Miles）。（笑聲）我每天都依靠希拉里，我相信她將作為我國(guó)歷史上最優(yōu)秀的國(guó)務(wù)卿之一被載入史冊(cè)。

在國(guó)務(wù)院慶祝美國(guó)外交史上一個(gè)新篇章的開始特別合適。六個(gè)月來(lái)，我們目睹中東和北非發(fā)生非同尋常的變化。在一個(gè)又一個(gè)廣場(chǎng)、一個(gè)又一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)、一個(gè)又一個(gè)國(guó)家，人民奮起爭(zhēng)取自己的基本人權(quán)。兩位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人靠邊站了，還可能有更多的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人靠邊站。雖然這些國(guó)家遠(yuǎn)離我國(guó)國(guó)土，但我們知道，經(jīng)濟(jì)與安全的力量以及歷史和信仰把我們的未來(lái)與這一地區(qū)緊密聯(lián)系在一起。

今天，我想談?wù)勥@一變化--推動(dòng)變化的力量和我們?nèi)绾巫鞒龇磻?yīng)以弘揚(yáng)我們的價(jià)值觀并增強(qiáng)我們的安全。在經(jīng)歷了以兩場(chǎng)代價(jià)巨大的沖突為特征的10年后，我們已經(jīng)為改變我們的外交政策做了大量工作。在多年的伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后，我們撤出了10萬(wàn)美國(guó)軍隊(duì)，結(jié)束了我們?cè)谀抢锏淖鲬?zhàn)任務(wù)。在阿富汗，我們遏止了塔利班的擴(kuò)展勢(shì)頭，今年7月，我們將開始撤軍，繼續(xù)朝著由阿富汗發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用的方向過(guò)渡。在與“基地”組織及其同伙交鋒的多年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后，我們擊斃了它的頭目烏薩馬?本?拉丹（Osama bin Laden），給予“基地”組織巨大的打擊。

本?拉丹并非殉道者。他是一個(gè)宣揚(yáng)仇恨的殺人狂，鼓吹穆斯林必須拿起武器對(duì)付西方，還鼓吹濫殺男女老幼的暴力是通往變革的惟一道路。他否認(rèn)穆斯林應(yīng)享有民主與個(gè)人權(quán)利，主張暴力極端主義；他的核心目標(biāo)是毀滅，而不是建設(shè)。

本?拉丹及其殺人的愿景贏得了一些追隨者。但即使在他亡命之前，“基地”組織已經(jīng)輸?shù)袅藸?zhēng)取民心之戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)榻^大多數(shù)人認(rèn)識(shí)到殺害無(wú)辜無(wú)助于他們對(duì)美好生活的追求。在我們找到本?拉丹時(shí)，該地區(qū)絕大多數(shù)人已經(jīng)把“基地”組織的圖謀看作一條死胡同，中東和北非人民已經(jīng)將命運(yùn)掌握在自己手里。

爭(zhēng)取掌控自己命運(yùn)的故事六個(gè)月前始于突尼斯。12月17日，一個(gè)名叫穆罕默德?布阿齊齊（Mohammed Bouazizi）的年輕小販因被警察沒(méi)收了他用來(lái)擺攤的推車而被逼入絕境。這種情況司空見(jiàn)慣。同樣的令人屈辱的事件--踐踏公民尊嚴(yán)的政府暴虐行為--每天都在世界上很多地方發(fā)生，只是這一次的后果不同。在地方官員拒絕聽(tīng)取他的投訴后，這位從未在政治上特別活躍的年輕人前往省政府，把汽油澆在自己的身上，點(diǎn)火自焚。

在歷史進(jìn)程中，有時(shí)普通公民的行動(dòng)會(huì)激起爭(zhēng)取變革的運(yùn)動(dòng)，因?yàn)檫@樣的行動(dòng)會(huì)引起人們心中積聚多年的對(duì)自由的渴望。在美國(guó)，大家可以回想一下當(dāng)年那些拒絕向國(guó)王繳稅的波士頓愛(ài)國(guó)者的反抗精神，或羅莎?帕克斯（Rosa Parks）[在公共汽車上]勇敢地坐在自己的座位上所展示的尊嚴(yán)。就這樣，在突尼斯，這名小販因絕望而采取的行動(dòng)喚醒了全國(guó)民眾的憤慨。數(shù)百名抗議者走上街頭，后來(lái)增加到數(shù)千名。面對(duì)警棍甚至子彈的威脅，他們拒不回家--一天又一天，一周又一周--直到一個(gè)統(tǒng)治長(zhǎng)達(dá)20多年的獨(dú)裁者最終放棄了權(quán)力。

這個(gè)革命的故事及其后一系列革命的發(fā)生并非偶然。中東和北非國(guó)家早就贏得了獨(dú)立，但在太多的地方，這些國(guó)家的人民沒(méi)有贏得獨(dú)立。在太多的國(guó)家，權(quán)力集中在極少數(shù)人的手里。在太多的國(guó)家，像這位年輕小販一樣的公民無(wú)處求助--沒(méi)有誠(chéng)實(shí)的司法機(jī)構(gòu)聽(tīng)取他的投訴，沒(méi)有獨(dú)立的媒體為他代言，沒(méi)有具有公信力的政黨代表他的觀點(diǎn)，沒(méi)有自由公平的選舉可以讓他來(lái)選擇自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。

這種缺乏自決--按自己意志改變生活的機(jī)會(huì)--也表現(xiàn)在這個(gè)地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)上。的確，一些國(guó)家很幸運(yùn)地享有石油和天然氣財(cái)富，這導(dǎo)致了一些局部的繁榮。但是，在以知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)，在以創(chuàng)新為基礎(chǔ)的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中，沒(méi)有任何發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略可以僅僅以來(lái)自地下的東西為基礎(chǔ)。在不賄賂就不能創(chuàng)業(yè)的環(huán)境中，人們也無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的潛能。

面對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)，該地區(qū)太多的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人試圖把本國(guó)人民的不滿引向它方。西方被指責(zé)為所有弊病的根源，可是殖民主義已結(jié)束了半個(gè)世紀(jì)。反對(duì)以色列成為唯一可被接受的政治言論。部落、民族和宗教派別隔閡被利用作為維持政權(quán)或從他人奪取政權(quán)的手段。

但是，過(guò)去六個(gè)月的事件告訴我們，鎮(zhèn)壓策略、轉(zhuǎn)移視線的策略不再奏效。衛(wèi)星電視和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供了觀察更廣闊世界的窗口--一個(gè)出現(xiàn)了像印度、印度尼西亞和巴西等地的驚人進(jìn)步的世界。手機(jī)和社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓年輕人以前所未有的方式聯(lián)絡(luò)和組織。一代新人開始出現(xiàn)。他們的聲音告訴我們，變化不容否認(rèn)。

在開羅（Cairo），我們聽(tīng)到年輕媽媽說(shuō)：“這就像我終于第一次能夠呼吸到新鮮空氣?！?/p>

在薩那（Sanaa），我們聽(tīng)到學(xué)生高呼，“黑夜必將結(jié)束?！?/p>

在班加西（Benghazi），我們聽(tīng)到工程師說(shuō)：“我們的言論現(xiàn)在自由了。這是一種難以言喻的感覺(jué)。”

在大馬士革（Damascus），我們聽(tīng)到年輕人說(shuō)：“經(jīng)過(guò)第一次大喊，第一次大叫，你感受到了尊嚴(yán)?！?/p>

這些人類尊嚴(yán)的呼喊聲響徹整個(gè)地區(qū)。這個(gè)地區(qū)的人民以非暴力的道德力量，在短短半年內(nèi)促成的變革比恐怖主義分子幾十年產(chǎn)生的變化更多。

當(dāng)然，如此規(guī)模的改變來(lái)之不易。在我們今天的時(shí)代--24小時(shí)新聞循環(huán)，不間斷的通訊--人們期待這個(gè)地區(qū)的轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)趲字軆?nèi)就可以完成。但這段歷程將需要經(jīng)過(guò)多年時(shí)間才會(huì)到達(dá)終點(diǎn)。在途中，會(huì)有順利的時(shí)候，也會(huì)有不順利的時(shí)候。在有些地方，變化將是迅速的，在另一些地方，則是循序漸進(jìn)的。正如我們已經(jīng)看到，在有些情況下，改變的呼聲可能轉(zhuǎn)變成對(duì)權(quán)力的激烈爭(zhēng)奪。

擺在我們面前的問(wèn)題是，在這個(gè)進(jìn)程中美國(guó)將扮演何種角色。幾十年來(lái)，美國(guó)一直在該地區(qū)遵循一套核心利益：打擊恐怖主義和制止核武器擴(kuò)散、確保商業(yè)的自由流通、保衛(wèi)該地區(qū)的安全；支持以色列的安全和追求阿拉伯-以色列和平。

我們將繼續(xù)這樣做，因?yàn)槲覀儓?jiān)信，美國(guó)的利益與人民的希望并不敵對(duì)，而是對(duì)其十分重要。我們認(rèn)為，任何人都不會(huì)從該地區(qū)的核軍備競(jìng)賽中得到好處，也不會(huì)從“基地”組織的野蠻攻擊中得到好處。我們認(rèn)為，世界各地的人都會(huì)看到切斷能源供應(yīng)將造成他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)癱瘓。正如在海灣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)（Gulf War）中一樣，我們不會(huì)容忍跨國(guó)界的侵略行為，我們將恪守對(duì)朋友和伙伴的承諾。

然而，我們必須承認(rèn)，一個(gè)僅以對(duì)這些利益的狹隘追求為基礎(chǔ)的戰(zhàn)略不會(huì)讓人有食果腹，也不會(huì)讓人能夠直抒己見(jiàn)。此外，不注重普通人民更廣泛的渴求只會(huì)增加縈繞多年的懷疑，即美國(guó)靠犧牲他人而追求自己的利益。鑒于這種不信任是雙向的--因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人曾因被扣押人質(zhì)、暴力言論和導(dǎo)致數(shù)以千計(jì)公民喪生的恐怖襲擊而留下痛苦的烙印--不改變我們的方法有可能使美國(guó)和阿拉伯世界之間的分歧循環(huán)深化。

這就是為什么兩年前在開羅，我開始擴(kuò)大以我們的共同利益和相互尊重為基礎(chǔ)的交往。我當(dāng)時(shí)相信，而且現(xiàn)在也相信，我們不但與這些國(guó)家的穩(wěn)定利益攸關(guān)，而且與個(gè)人自決利益攸關(guān)。維持現(xiàn)狀是不可能的?？靠謶趾蛪浩染S持的社會(huì)也許可以一時(shí)帶來(lái)穩(wěn)定的幻覺(jué)，但它們是建立在斷層上，終將土崩瓦解。

因此，我們面臨著一個(gè)歷史機(jī)遇。我們有機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)表明，在突尼斯街頭小販的尊嚴(yán)與獨(dú)裁者的野蠻權(quán)力之間，美國(guó)更看重前者。不容質(zhì)疑的是，美國(guó)歡迎促進(jìn)自主與增進(jìn)機(jī)會(huì)的變革。不錯(cuò)，與這個(gè)充滿希望的時(shí)刻聯(lián)袂而至的也有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。但是，在數(shù)十年來(lái)一直接受這個(gè)地區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀之后，我們現(xiàn)在有機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)爭(zhēng)取讓該地區(qū)變成它本應(yīng)該有的樣子。

當(dāng)然，我們?cè)谶@樣做的時(shí)候必須抱著謙恭的態(tài)度。并不是美國(guó)把人們推上了突尼斯或開羅的街頭，而是當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣癜l(fā)起了這些示威抗議行動(dòng)，最終也必須由當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣褡约簺Q定結(jié)果如何。

并不是每個(gè)國(guó)家都會(huì)效仿我國(guó)代議制民主的特定形式，而且會(huì)有我們的短期利益與我們關(guān)于該地區(qū)的長(zhǎng)期愿景并不完全相符的時(shí)候。但是我們能夠而且將會(huì)闡明一系列核心原則--指引我們對(duì)以往六個(gè)月發(fā)生的各種事件作出回應(yīng)的原則：

美國(guó)反對(duì)對(duì)該地區(qū)人民使用暴力與鎮(zhèn)壓手段。（掌聲）

美國(guó)支持一系列普世權(quán)利。這些權(quán)利包括：言論自由、和平集會(huì)的自由、宗教自由、法治之下的男女平等，以及選擇自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的自由--無(wú)論在巴格達(dá)（Baghdad）、大馬士革（Damascus），還是薩那（Sanaa）或德黑蘭（Tehran）。

我們支持發(fā)生在中東和北非的能夠滿足整個(gè)地區(qū)普通人民的合理愿望的政治與經(jīng)濟(jì)改革。

我們對(duì)這些原則的支持并不是我們的次要利益所在。今天，我要在這里明確宣布，這是一個(gè)我們必須將之轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)際行動(dòng)的當(dāng)務(wù)之急，我們還將利用我們所掌握的所有外交、經(jīng)濟(jì)與戰(zhàn)略手段予以支持。

具體來(lái)說(shuō)，首先，促進(jìn)整個(gè)地區(qū)的變革，支持向民主過(guò)渡將是美國(guó)的政策。這項(xiàng)努力始于埃及和突尼斯，那兩個(gè)國(guó)家的成敗利害攸關(guān)，因?yàn)橥荒崴故窍破疬@場(chǎng)民主浪潮的先鋒，而埃及既是我們的長(zhǎng)期伙伴，也是阿拉伯世界最大的國(guó)家。這兩個(gè)國(guó)家都能通過(guò)自由與公平的選舉、充滿活力的公民社會(huì)、實(shí)行問(wèn)責(zé)與高效的民主機(jī)構(gòu)，以及負(fù)責(zé)任的地區(qū)性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用樹立優(yōu)秀典范。但我們的支持還必須擴(kuò)大到那些轉(zhuǎn)型尚未開始的國(guó)家。

遺憾的是，到目前為止，在太多的國(guó)家里，要求改革的呼聲被暴力壓制，其中最極端的例子是利比亞（Libya），在那里，卡扎菲（Moammar Gaddafi）向他自己的人民發(fā)動(dòng)了一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，并揚(yáng)言要像滅老鼠一樣把他們斬盡殺絕。正如我在美國(guó)加入國(guó)際聯(lián)盟共同干預(yù)利比亞局勢(shì)時(shí)所說(shuō)，我們無(wú)法制止政權(quán)對(duì)其人民所施加的每一個(gè)不公正行為；我們?cè)谝晾说慕?jīng)驗(yàn)讓我們認(rèn)識(shí)到，無(wú)論多么用心良苦，試圖用武力來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)政權(quán)更迭，其代價(jià)是多么高昂，而且是何等的困難。

但是在利比亞，我們看到的是迫在眉睫的大屠殺的可能性，我們獲得了行動(dòng)的授權(quán)，我們聽(tīng)到了利比亞人民要求援助的呼聲。如果我們沒(méi)有與我們的北約（NATO）盟友和該地區(qū)的聯(lián)盟伙伴一起采取行動(dòng)，數(shù)以千計(jì)的平民恐怕已經(jīng)喪生。那樣的情況只會(huì)說(shuō)明：為了保住權(quán)力，殺死多少人都在所不惜?，F(xiàn)在，卡扎菲的時(shí)間已經(jīng)不多了。他已經(jīng)失去對(duì)國(guó)家的控制，反對(duì)派已經(jīng)組織起一個(gè)合法的、有信譽(yù)的臨時(shí)委員會(huì)（Interim Council）。當(dāng)卡扎菲無(wú)可避免地下臺(tái)或是被罷黜時(shí)，數(shù)十年的挑釁將劃上句號(hào)，利比亞向民主過(guò)渡的進(jìn)程將會(huì)開始。

盡管利比亞出現(xiàn)最大規(guī)模的暴力，但它并不是國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人以壓制手段來(lái)維持權(quán)力的唯一一個(gè)國(guó)家。就在最近，敘利亞（Syrian）政權(quán)選擇了謀殺并大批逮捕其公民的道路。美國(guó)已經(jīng)聲明譴責(zé)這些行徑，并正與國(guó)際社會(huì)一起采取行動(dòng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)敘利亞政權(quán)的制裁，包括昨天宣布的對(duì)阿薩德總統(tǒng)（President Assad）及其親信的制裁。

敘利亞人民要求向民主過(guò)渡表明了他們的勇氣。阿薩德總統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在可以作出選擇：他可以領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這場(chǎng)過(guò)渡，也可以讓出道路。敘利亞政府必須停止向示威者開槍，并允許舉行和平抗議活動(dòng)。它必須釋放政治犯并停止不公正的逮捕。它必須允許人權(quán)觀察員進(jìn)入達(dá)拉（Dara'a）等城市，并開始進(jìn)行推動(dòng)民主過(guò)渡的認(rèn)真對(duì)話。否則，阿薩德總統(tǒng)及其政權(quán)將繼續(xù)受到來(lái)自國(guó)內(nèi)的挑戰(zhàn)并在國(guó)外繼續(xù)陷于孤立。

到目前為止，敘利亞一直追隨其伊朗盟友，并就鎮(zhèn)壓策略向德黑蘭求助。這說(shuō)明了伊朗政權(quán)的虛偽，它宣稱支持其他國(guó)家抗議者的權(quán)利，卻鎮(zhèn)壓本國(guó)人民。讓我們記住最初的和平抗議活動(dòng)發(fā)生在德黑蘭街頭，而伊朗政府在那里殘暴地鎮(zhèn)壓男女示威者，并把無(wú)辜的民眾投入監(jiān)獄。來(lái)自德黑蘭建筑物頂部的抗議聲今天仍然在我們耳邊回響。一位年輕女子慘死街頭的形象仍然銘刻在我們的記憶之中。我們將繼續(xù)表明態(tài)度，伊朗人民應(yīng)該獲得他們的普世權(quán)利，應(yīng)該享有一個(gè)不扼殺他們的理想的政府。

眾所周知，我們反對(duì)伊朗的不容異見(jiàn)的做法和壓制行為，反對(duì)伊朗非法從事的核項(xiàng)目及其對(duì)恐怖活動(dòng)的支持。但是，如果美國(guó)要享有公信力，我們必須承認(rèn)：我們?cè)谠摰貐^(qū)的朋友們有時(shí)對(duì)于那些與我今天概述的原則一致的變革要求并沒(méi)有作出應(yīng)有的反應(yīng)。在也門是如此--也門總統(tǒng)薩利赫（Saleh）需要兌現(xiàn)其轉(zhuǎn)交政權(quán)的承諾--今天在巴林也是如此。

巴林是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期合作伙伴，我們致力于保障它的安全。我們認(rèn)識(shí)到伊朗試圖利用那里的騷亂，認(rèn)識(shí)到巴林政府有維護(hù)法治的合法權(quán)益。

然而，我們?cè)诠_和非公開場(chǎng)合都表明，大規(guī)模逮捕和殘酷的暴力與巴林公民的普世權(quán)利并不相容，這些做法不會(huì)使要求改革的合法呼聲消失。唯一出路是政府與反對(duì)派進(jìn)行對(duì)話，而當(dāng)和平爭(zhēng)取權(quán)利的一些反對(duì)派人士身陷囹圄時(shí)，無(wú)法進(jìn)行真正的對(duì)話。（掌聲）政府必須創(chuàng)造對(duì)話的條件，而反對(duì)黨則必須參與對(duì)話，以便為全體巴林人民締造一個(gè)公正的未來(lái)。的確，可從這一時(shí)期得出的更具廣泛意義的教訓(xùn)之一是：派系分歧不是造成沖突的必然原因。在伊拉克，我們看到建立一個(gè)多族裔、多教派的民主國(guó)家的希望。伊拉克人民在爭(zhēng)取民主的進(jìn)程中拒絕了危險(xiǎn)的政治暴力，盡管他們正在承接保護(hù)自身安全的全面責(zé)任。當(dāng)然，與所有新興民主國(guó)家一樣，他們將面對(duì)各種挫折。但是，伊拉克如果繼續(xù)走向和平，就會(huì)在該地區(qū)發(fā)揮重要的作用。在他們這樣做的時(shí)候，我們將作為一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的伙伴自豪地與他們站在一起。

因此，在未來(lái)幾個(gè)月，美國(guó)必須運(yùn)用我們所有的影響力來(lái)鼓勵(lì)這個(gè)地區(qū)的改革。即使我們認(rèn)識(shí)到每個(gè)國(guó)家各不相同，我們也必須坦誠(chéng)地表明我們所堅(jiān)信的原則，不管是對(duì)朋友還是對(duì)敵人。我們要傳達(dá)的信息簡(jiǎn)單明了：如果你們承擔(dān)改革所蘊(yùn)含的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，就會(huì)得到我們美國(guó)的全力支持。

我們還必須進(jìn)一步努力，將我們的接觸范圍擴(kuò)大到精英人士之外，聯(lián)絡(luò)將開創(chuàng)未來(lái)的群體，特別是年輕人。我們將繼續(xù)兌現(xiàn)我在開羅所作的承諾--建立創(chuàng)業(yè)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)，擴(kuò)大教育交流，促進(jìn)科技領(lǐng)域的合作以及防治疾病。在整個(gè)地區(qū)，我們打算為公民社會(huì)提供援助，其中包括那些可能未經(jīng)政府認(rèn)可的、敢于揭露不堪事實(shí)的組織。我們并將利用技術(shù)與人民溝通，傾聽(tīng)他們的呼聲。

因?yàn)槭聦?shí)是，真正的改革不會(huì)僅僅通過(guò)投票實(shí)現(xiàn)。我們必須努力支持講真話和獲得信息的基本權(quán)利。我們必須支持互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的自由開放，以及新聞?dòng)浾?-無(wú)論是大型新聞機(jī)構(gòu)還是博客作者個(gè)人--的話語(yǔ)權(quán)。在21世紀(jì)，信息就是權(quán)力；真理不容掩蓋；政府的合法性將最終取決于活躍和知情的公民。

這樣的公開對(duì)話很重要，哪怕其中的言論與我們的世界觀不符。我要說(shuō)明：美國(guó)尊重公開表述一切和平與守法的言論的權(quán)利，哪怕我們不贊同這些言論，甚至有時(shí)強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)這些言論。

我們期待著與所有提倡真正的、有包容性的民主的人共同努力。我們將反對(duì)任何組織限制他人權(quán)利的任何企圖，反對(duì)利用強(qiáng)迫手段--而不經(jīng)[人民的]同意--把持權(quán)力。這是因?yàn)槊裰饕揽康牟粌H是選舉，而且是強(qiáng)大和負(fù)責(zé)任的機(jī)構(gòu)，以及對(duì)少數(shù)派的權(quán)利的尊重。

這樣的寬容在宗教問(wèn)題上尤其重要。在自由廣場(chǎng)（Tahrir Square），我們聽(tīng)到埃及各行各業(yè)人士高呼“穆斯林、基督徒，我們團(tuán)結(jié)一心”。美國(guó)將努力確保這一精神得到發(fā)揚(yáng)--所有宗教信仰都受到尊重，并在它們之間搭建橋梁。在這個(gè)世界三大宗教的發(fā)源地，不寬容只會(huì)導(dǎo)致痛苦和僵滯。為了在這個(gè)變革時(shí)期獲得成功，什葉派在巴林的清真寺絕不應(yīng)當(dāng)遭到毀壞，同樣地，開羅的科普特基督徒（Coptic Christians）也必須享有自由信教的權(quán)利。

宗教少數(shù)派的情況也同樣表現(xiàn)在婦女權(quán)利上。歷史表明，在婦女擁有權(quán)利的情況下，國(guó)家就更加繁榮太平。因此，我們將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持婦女同男人一樣享有普世權(quán)利--我們將提供針對(duì)兒童和母親健康的援助；幫助婦女參與教學(xué)或創(chuàng)業(yè)；支持婦女爭(zhēng)取讓她們的聲音得到傾聽(tīng)和競(jìng)選公職的權(quán)利。如果這里一半以上的人口無(wú)法發(fā)揮自己的潛力，這個(gè)地區(qū)也就永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的潛能。（掌聲）

即使在這個(gè)地區(qū)促進(jìn)政治改革和人權(quán)的同時(shí)，我們也不能將努力僅限于此。我們必須支持這個(gè)地區(qū)作出積極轉(zhuǎn)變的第二個(gè)途徑是，努力推動(dòng)向民主轉(zhuǎn)化的國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

政治畢竟不是人們上街示威的唯一原因；最終導(dǎo)致許多人走上街頭的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素，是更為經(jīng)常不斷的與養(yǎng)家糊口相關(guān)的擔(dān)憂。這個(gè)地區(qū)有太多的人每天醒來(lái)，除了設(shè)法度日和也許指望時(shí)來(lái)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)以外，無(wú)所期盼。這個(gè)地區(qū)到處都有大量受過(guò)良好教育的年輕人，然而由于經(jīng)濟(jì)封閉，他們無(wú)法找到工作。實(shí)業(yè)家雖創(chuàng)意層出不窮，但腐敗使他們無(wú)法收益。

中東和北非地區(qū)未得到啟用的最寶貴資源是那里的人民。在最近的示威活動(dòng)中，人們運(yùn)用技術(shù)手段轉(zhuǎn)變了世界，也讓我們看到了這些人才。解放廣場(chǎng)上的領(lǐng)袖人物之一是谷歌（Google）一位主管，這不是偶然的巧合。現(xiàn)在需要的是，將這種能量在各個(gè)國(guó)家逐一匯聚起來(lái)，讓街頭的成果通過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)得到鞏固。如同缺少個(gè)人機(jī)會(huì)可以導(dǎo)致民主革命一樣，成功的民主轉(zhuǎn)型取決于擴(kuò)大發(fā)展和普遍繁榮。

基于我們?cè)谌澜绲慕?jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，我們認(rèn)為必須注重貿(mào)易而不只是扶助，注重投資而不只是援助。必須讓這樣一個(gè)模式成為我們的目標(biāo)--它使保護(hù)主義讓位于開放；商貿(mào)控制權(quán)從少數(shù)人轉(zhuǎn)到多數(shù)人手中；讓經(jīng)濟(jì)給年輕人帶來(lái)就業(yè)。因此，美國(guó)對(duì)民主的支持將基于確保金融穩(wěn)定；促進(jìn)改革；讓競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性市場(chǎng)相互融合并與全球經(jīng)濟(jì)接軌。我們將從突尼斯和埃及開始。

首先，我們已經(jīng)要求世界銀行（World Bank）和國(guó)際貨幣基金組織（International Monetary Fund）在下一次G-8峰會(huì)上提出計(jì)劃，闡明我們?yōu)橥荒崴购桶＜皩?shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定和現(xiàn)代化必須進(jìn)行的工作。我們必須共同幫助他們克服各自民主運(yùn)動(dòng)期間出現(xiàn)的停滯狀態(tài)，支持今年將通過(guò)選舉產(chǎn)生的政府。我們也要求其他國(guó)家?guī)椭＜昂屯荒崴節(jié)M足近期的財(cái)政需要。

第二，我們不希望一個(gè)民主的埃及受累于過(guò)去的債務(wù)。因此，我們將為民主的埃及免除高達(dá)10億美元的債務(wù)，并將與我們的埃及伙伴協(xié)作，把這些資源用于促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)業(yè)。我們還將為埃及擔(dān)保10億美元的債務(wù)，把這筆錢用于建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和增加就業(yè)，從而幫助埃及重新獲得市場(chǎng)。我們也會(huì)幫助經(jīng)過(guò)民主選舉產(chǎn)生的新政府索回被盜竊的資產(chǎn)。

第三，我們正在與國(guó)會(huì)協(xié)作，建立“創(chuàng)業(yè)基金”（Enterprise Funds），在突尼斯和埃及投資。此類基金將仿照柏林墻倒塌后用于支持東歐過(guò)渡的基金。海外私人投資公司（OPIC）不久將啟動(dòng)一項(xiàng)20億美元的貸款計(jì)劃，廣泛支持對(duì)這個(gè)地區(qū)的私人投資。另外，我們將與盟友協(xié)作，重新確定歐洲復(fù)興開發(fā)銀行（European Bank for Reconstruction and Development）的投資重點(diǎn)，像在歐洲那樣支持中東和北非的民主過(guò)渡和經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化。

第四，美國(guó)將在中東和北非推出一項(xiàng)全面的“貿(mào)易和投資伙伴計(jì)劃”（Trade and Investment Partnership Initiative）。如果不計(jì)算石油出口，這個(gè)擁有4億多人口的地區(qū)的出口額與瑞士大致相等。因此，我們將與歐盟協(xié)作，促進(jìn)這個(gè)地區(qū)內(nèi)部的貿(mào)易，擴(kuò)大現(xiàn)有協(xié)議，促進(jìn)與美國(guó)及歐洲市場(chǎng)的整合，為作出一項(xiàng)地區(qū)性貿(mào)易安排打開大門，使那些推行高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)改革和貿(mào)易自由化的國(guó)家受益。正如歐盟成員資格被用于在歐洲鼓勵(lì)改革一樣，關(guān)于建設(shè)一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的繁榮經(jīng)濟(jì)的愿景也應(yīng)當(dāng)成為在中東和北非推動(dòng)改革的一股強(qiáng)大的力量。

要實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮，還必須拆除阻擋進(jìn)步的障礙--從人民手中竊取資產(chǎn)的精英階層的腐敗、阻礙把創(chuàng)新想法變成企業(yè)的繁縟的審批手續(xù)、基于部落或派系分配財(cái)富的制度。我們將與倡導(dǎo)改革的議員們以及利用科技手段推動(dòng)增加透明度和向政府問(wèn)責(zé)的社會(huì)活動(dòng)人士協(xié)作，幫助政府履行其國(guó)際義務(wù)，大力反腐敗。--政治與人權(quán)；經(jīng)濟(jì)改革。

最后，我要講一下我們對(duì)該地區(qū)方針的另一塊基石，它關(guān)系到追求和平。

數(shù)十年來(lái)，以色列人和阿拉伯人之間的沖突為該地區(qū)蒙上了陰影。對(duì)以色列人而言，這意味著生活在恐懼之中，擔(dān)心校車上的孩子被炸或他們的住宅被火箭彈摧毀，同時(shí)痛苦地意識(shí)到該地區(qū)的其他孩子受到仇恨他們的教育。對(duì)巴勒斯坦人而言，這意味著忍受被占領(lǐng)的屈辱，永遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)在自己的國(guó)家生活。另外，這場(chǎng)沖突也使中東地區(qū)承受更大的代價(jià)，致使可能為普通人帶來(lái)更大安全、繁榮和權(quán)利的伙伴關(guān)系無(wú)法建立。

兩年多來(lái)，本屆政府一直在與有關(guān)各方和國(guó)際社會(huì)共同努力結(jié)束這一爭(zhēng)端，但預(yù)期的目標(biāo)卻沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)。以色列修建定居點(diǎn)的活動(dòng)還在繼續(xù)。巴勒斯坦方面退出了談判。全世界看到雙方的沖突幾十年來(lái)纏綿不休，認(rèn)為這只能是一個(gè)僵局。的確有一些人強(qiáng)調(diào)，鑒于該地區(qū)的種種變化和不確定因素，根本不可能向前推進(jìn)。

但我不這樣認(rèn)為。在中東和北非地區(qū)的人民擺脫歷史包袱的時(shí)刻，實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)能夠結(jié)束爭(zhēng)端并解決所有訴求的持久和平的愿望比以往任何時(shí)候都更加迫切。對(duì)于涉及此事的雙方，這一點(diǎn)已經(jīng)確定無(wú)疑。

對(duì)巴勒斯坦人而言，否認(rèn)以色列合法性的做法只會(huì)以失敗告終。九月份在聯(lián)合國(guó)孤立以色列的象征性舉動(dòng)不可能促成一個(gè)獨(dú)立國(guó)家的建立。如果哈馬斯（Hamas）執(zhí)意要走恐怖和否認(rèn)的道路，巴勒斯坦領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)和平或繁榮。巴勒斯坦人永遠(yuǎn)都無(wú)法通過(guò)否認(rèn)以色列的生存權(quán)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的獨(dú)立。

至于以色列，我們的友誼深深地植根于共同的歷史和共同的價(jià)值觀。我們對(duì)以色列安全的承諾是堅(jiān)定不移的。我們還將反對(duì)試圖在國(guó)際論壇上僅對(duì)以色列進(jìn)行指責(zé)的舉動(dòng)。但正是出于我們之間的友誼，我們必須實(shí)言相告：這種現(xiàn)狀是無(wú)法持續(xù)的，為推動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)持久和平，以色列也必須采取有魄力的行動(dòng)。

實(shí)際情況是，有越來(lái)越多的巴勒斯坦人生活在約旦河以西地區(qū)。新技術(shù)將增加以色列保衛(wèi)自己的難度。一個(gè)正在經(jīng)歷巨變的地區(qū)將促使民粹主義出現(xiàn)，這里的千百萬(wàn)人民--而不僅僅是個(gè)別領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人--必須相信和平是可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。國(guó)際社會(huì)已對(duì)一個(gè)從未產(chǎn)生任何結(jié)果的無(wú)休止的進(jìn)程感到厭倦。一個(gè)猶太人的民主國(guó)家的夢(mèng)想無(wú)法通過(guò)永久占領(lǐng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。

歸根結(jié)底，以色列人和巴勒斯坦人必須采取行動(dòng)。不可能把和平強(qiáng)加給他們-美國(guó)不可能做到，任何人都不可能做到。但無(wú)休止的拖延也不可能解決問(wèn)題。美國(guó)和國(guó)際社會(huì)能夠做到的是直言不諱地說(shuō)明人人皆知的事實(shí)：持久和平必須有屬于兩個(gè)民族的兩個(gè)國(guó)家。一個(gè)是作為猶太人家園的猶太國(guó)家以色列，另一個(gè)是作為巴勒斯坦人的家園的巴勒斯坦國(guó)；這兩個(gè)國(guó)家都享有自決權(quán)，相互承認(rèn)，和平共處。

因此，盡管這一爭(zhēng)端的核心問(wèn)題必須通過(guò)談判解決，但有關(guān)談判的基礎(chǔ)是明確的：一個(gè)能獨(dú)立生存的巴勒斯坦和一個(gè)有安全保障的以色列。美國(guó)認(rèn)為有關(guān)談判應(yīng)當(dāng)產(chǎn)生兩國(guó)格局，劃定巴勒斯坦與以色列、約旦和埃及之間的永久邊界，并劃定以色列與巴勒斯坦之間的永久邊界。我們認(rèn)為，以巴邊界應(yīng)當(dāng)以1967年的界線為基礎(chǔ)，并根據(jù)雙方達(dá)成的協(xié)議交換土地，使兩個(gè)國(guó)家都有安全的、得到承認(rèn)的邊界。巴勒斯坦人民必須擁有主權(quán)、領(lǐng)土完整的國(guó)家，有權(quán)實(shí)行自治并充分發(fā)揮他們的潛能。

至于安全，每個(gè)國(guó)家都有自衛(wèi)的權(quán)利，以色列也必須能夠有力量保衛(wèi)自己，應(yīng)對(duì)任何威脅；還必須有充分的準(zhǔn)備，防范恐怖主義復(fù)蘇，制止武器偷運(yùn)，有效地保障邊界安全。以色列階段性的全面撤軍應(yīng)該與巴勒斯坦在一個(gè)非軍事化的主權(quán)國(guó)家內(nèi)部承擔(dān)安全責(zé)任的過(guò)程相協(xié)調(diào)。對(duì)于這段過(guò)渡期的長(zhǎng)短必須達(dá)成共識(shí)，安全措施的效力也必須得到證實(shí)。

這些原則為談判奠定了基礎(chǔ)。巴勒斯坦應(yīng)該能夠確知其國(guó)家的邊界，以色列應(yīng)該能夠確知其基本安全得到保障。我知道這兩個(gè)步驟本身并不足以解決沖突，因?yàn)榇送膺€有兩個(gè)充滿感情糾結(jié)的問(wèn)題：耶路撒冷的未來(lái)和巴勒斯坦難民的命運(yùn)。但是，只要現(xiàn)在基于邊界和安全問(wèn)題向前邁進(jìn)，就會(huì)以尊重以色列人和巴勒斯坦人的權(quán)利和愿望的公正和公平的方式為解決這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題打下基礎(chǔ)。

我謹(jǐn)在此表明：認(rèn)識(shí)到談判需要始于邊界和安全問(wèn)題并不意味著可以輕而易舉地重啟談判。具體而言，法塔赫（Fatah）和哈馬斯（Hamas）最近公布的一項(xiàng)協(xié)議使以色列面對(duì)一個(gè)有正當(dāng)理由的根本性問(wèn)題：你如何能夠同一個(gè)表示不愿意承認(rèn)你的生存權(quán)的對(duì)手談判？在接下來(lái)數(shù)周和數(shù)月的時(shí)間內(nèi)，巴勒斯坦領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人必須對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題提出可信的答案。在此期間，美國(guó)、我們的四方集團(tuán)（Quartet）伙伴以及阿拉伯國(guó)家必須繼續(xù)盡力打破目前的僵局。

我知道做到這一點(diǎn)有多么困難。幾代人以來(lái)，猜疑和敵意代代相傳，有時(shí)候變得更加根深蒂固?？墒俏掖_信，大多數(shù)以色列人和巴勒斯坦人希望面向未來(lái)，而非自陷于過(guò)去的泥淖。我們?cè)谄鋬鹤颖还R斯殺害的一名以色列父親身上看到這種精神，他協(xié)助發(fā)起了一個(gè)組織，聚集痛失親人的以色列人和巴勒斯坦人。他說(shuō)：“我逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到，進(jìn)步的唯一希望在于認(rèn)清沖突的面目?！蔽覀円苍谝幻谝陨信谵Z加沙（Gaza）時(shí)失去三個(gè)女兒的巴勒斯坦人身上看到這種精神。那位父親說(shuō)：“我有權(quán)利感到憤怒。許多人都以為我會(huì)仇恨。我對(duì)他們的回答是：我不會(huì)仇恨。讓我們對(duì)明天充滿希望?！?/p>

這是一個(gè)必須做出的選擇──不僅是在以色列和巴勒斯坦的沖突中，而是在整個(gè)地區(qū)內(nèi)──在仇恨和希望之間、在過(guò)去的枷鎖和未來(lái)的承諾之間做出選擇。這是一個(gè)必須由領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和人民做出的選擇，它會(huì)確定一個(gè)曾經(jīng)是文明的搖籃和沖突的坩堝的地區(qū)的未來(lái)。

盡管未來(lái)的道路上充滿挑戰(zhàn)，我們依然有很多理由抱持希望。在埃及，我們?cè)陬I(lǐng)導(dǎo)抗議的年輕人的努力中看到它。在敘利亞，我們?cè)谀切┟爸鴱椨旰艉啊昂推?、和平”的人們的勇氣中看到它。在受到毀滅威脅的城市班加西（Benzhazi），我們?cè)诰奂诜ㄍV場(chǎng)慶祝未曾有過(guò)的自由的民眾身上也看到它。在整個(gè)地區(qū)，那些掙脫魔掌的人們正在為獲得我們視為理所當(dāng)然的權(quán)利而歡欣鼓舞。

對(duì)于美國(guó)人民來(lái)說(shuō)，該地區(qū)的動(dòng)蕩情勢(shì)可能令人不安，但是對(duì)背后的驅(qū)動(dòng)力量并不感到陌生。我們自己的國(guó)家就是通過(guò)反抗帝國(guó)建立起來(lái)的。我們的祖先曾經(jīng)打過(guò)痛苦的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，將自由和尊嚴(yán)擴(kuò)大到曾經(jīng)飽受奴役的人們。如果不是過(guò)去的世世代代以非暴力的道德力量作為完善我們聯(lián)邦的方式-共同以和平的方式進(jìn)行組織、游行及抗議，使我國(guó)的建國(guó)宣言變成真實(shí)，我今天就不可能站在這里：“我們認(rèn)為這些真理不言而喻，人人生而平等?！?/p>

我們必須以這些箴言為指導(dǎo)，對(duì)使中東和北非發(fā)生蛻變的變革作出反應(yīng)--這些箴言告訴我們，專制壓迫必然失敗，暴君必將垮臺(tái)，每一位男男女女都擁有某些不可剝奪的權(quán)利。

這并非易事。進(jìn)步的道路不可能筆直向前，希望的季節(jié)總是伴隨著艱苦。然而，美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)當(dāng)初是建立在人民應(yīng)當(dāng)自治的信念上?，F(xiàn)在，我們應(yīng)該毫不猶豫，堅(jiān)定地站在那些正在爭(zhēng)取自己權(quán)利的人們一邊，知道他們的成功將會(huì)帶來(lái)一個(gè)更和平、更穩(wěn)定、更公正的世界。

多謝大家，感謝你們各位。（掌聲）謝謝你們。

第三篇：國(guó)務(wù)卿希拉里克林頓就奧巴馬政府公布《網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略》發(fā)表講話

國(guó)務(wù)卿希拉里﹒克林頓就奧巴馬政府公布《網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略》發(fā)表講話

2011年5月16日

華盛頓特區(qū)

白宮

克林頓國(guó)務(wù)卿：非常感謝各位。你們可以從約翰（John）的介紹中猜到，我們對(duì)這一天的到來(lái)感到非常欣慰。我們對(duì)我國(guó)政府各部門為這項(xiàng)《網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略》（International Strategy for Cyberspace）的公布所做的卓越工作感到高興，并期待著同我國(guó)的私營(yíng)行業(yè)、其他國(guó)家以及持有與這份新文件所述的相同目標(biāo)的其他各方合作--這個(gè)目標(biāo)就是，要努力實(shí)現(xiàn)最初制定的目標(biāo)，即美國(guó)將與國(guó)際社會(huì)合作，促進(jìn)開放、互通、安全和可靠的信息與通訊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，支持國(guó)際貿(mào)易與商務(wù)，加強(qiáng)國(guó)際安全，促進(jìn)自由表達(dá)和創(chuàng)新。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，我們要建立和保持一種環(huán)境，讓負(fù)責(zé)任的行為準(zhǔn)則來(lái)指導(dǎo)國(guó)家行動(dòng)，維持合作關(guān)系，并且支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的法治。

這項(xiàng)政策基本概括了美國(guó)所追求的目標(biāo)。在座各位中的很多人代表著與我們有同樣志向的其他國(guó)家政府以及私營(yíng)行業(yè)、基金會(huì)或公民社會(huì)團(tuán)體，這個(gè)志向是，要確保互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的開放、安全和自由，不僅為現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上的20億網(wǎng)民，而且也為未來(lái)將會(huì)上網(wǎng)的更多億人。

人們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上所能做的事--能否公開交流思想和意見(jiàn)、自由探索自己愿意的話題、免遭網(wǎng)絡(luò)罪犯的侵害、在網(wǎng)上從事專業(yè)和個(gè)人活動(dòng)并相信在這樣做時(shí)享有隱私和安全--都在極大程度上取決于我們將共同采取的政策。

在座很多人都知道，國(guó)務(wù)院在促進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)自由方面身先士卒。我看見(jiàn)亞歷克?羅斯（Alec Ross）在座，他負(fù)責(zé)我們這方面的工作。這是網(wǎng)絡(luò)政策中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵方面。但我們非常清楚，問(wèn)題似乎將是層出不窮的，我們需要制定、落實(shí)和協(xié)調(diào)針對(duì)各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)問(wèn)題的政策。美國(guó)《網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略》就是為了幫助我們做到這點(diǎn)。因?yàn)槿缂s翰所說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)戰(zhàn)略首次將美國(guó)追求的各項(xiàng)不同政策納入一個(gè)框架，形成全政府協(xié)調(diào)一致的方針。

它還首次闡明了指導(dǎo)我們工作的所有原則--貫穿于我們外交政策的原則，如堅(jiān)持基本 自由--我們認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是該自由的一部分。以及我的同事將要闡述的這個(gè)政策的所有其他方面。我們力求真正處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間提出的所有難題和挑戰(zhàn)。而且我們很清楚，我們今天寫入的一切，隨著新挑戰(zhàn)和新機(jī)會(huì)的出現(xiàn)必須不斷更新。因?yàn)殡m然互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為人民行使政治權(quán)利提供了新的途徑，但正如我們?cè)谶^(guò)去幾個(gè)月清楚看到的，它也給政府壓制異己提供了新的工具。雖然互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在各個(gè)發(fā)展層面給人民帶來(lái)了新機(jī)遇，它也給犯罪分子竊取個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)打開了新的缺口。雖然互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以使各國(guó)政府和人民更密切地進(jìn)行跨國(guó)合作，可是當(dāng)政府或其他人故意破壞網(wǎng)絡(luò)或者恐怖分子使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來(lái)組織襲擊時(shí)，它也成為發(fā)生沖突的新疆場(chǎng)。

因此，我們爭(zhēng)取最大程度地發(fā)揮互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的巨大能力，加速人類進(jìn)步，同時(shí)讓我們的反應(yīng)和工具更加銳利，以對(duì)付網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間中的威脅、問(wèn)題和紛爭(zhēng)。

當(dāng)我們審視這個(gè)戰(zhàn)略的時(shí)候，我想說(shuō)清楚它不是什么。它不是一套處方，這是一個(gè)重要區(qū)別。因?yàn)槲覀円?shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)開放、互通、安全和可靠的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，沒(méi)有一個(gè)一刀切的、直通這個(gè)目標(biāo)的途徑。我們必須圍繞著未來(lái)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的愿景建立全球共識(shí)，以確保其有利于，而不是阻礙，全世界人民的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治訴求。這只能通過(guò)耐心的、持續(xù)的和創(chuàng)造性的外交。

因此，這個(gè)戰(zhàn)略確定了七個(gè)關(guān)鍵的政策重點(diǎn)，這將是我們未來(lái)拓展外交的重點(diǎn)。它們是：第一，經(jīng)濟(jì)參與以鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新和貿(mào)易，同時(shí)保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)；第二，網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全以保護(hù)我們的網(wǎng)絡(luò)并加強(qiáng)國(guó)際安全；第三，執(zhí)法以提高我們應(yīng)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的能力，包括適時(shí)加強(qiáng)國(guó)際法律和法規(guī)；第四，軍方合作以幫助我們各聯(lián)盟采取更多措施共同應(yīng)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)威脅，同時(shí)確保我軍的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全；第五，包含相關(guān)多方的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)管理以使網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)揮應(yīng)有效力；第六，幫助其他國(guó)家制定其數(shù)字基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和建設(shè)抵御網(wǎng)絡(luò)威脅的能力，通過(guò)發(fā)展支持新生合作伙伴；最后，對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要的一點(diǎn)是，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)自由。我們希望進(jìn)行更多的合作，像在網(wǎng)下一樣保護(hù)隱私權(quán)，保證言論、集會(huì)、結(jié)社的基本自由?？傊?，這七個(gè)重點(diǎn)構(gòu)成了新的外交政策必要措施，國(guó)務(wù)院一直在實(shí)行這些措施并將繼續(xù)發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用。

為推進(jìn)這些措施，我們正在力爭(zhēng)把網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間事務(wù)貫穿到我們的各類項(xiàng)目中，從與其他國(guó)家合作制止犯罪集團(tuán)，到經(jīng)濟(jì)外交，到我們對(duì)全世界婦女和女童的支持。我們已經(jīng)擬定了旨在利用新技術(shù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的外交和發(fā)展目標(biāo)的21世紀(jì)治國(guó)議程；我們要與在座的合作伙伴一起繼續(xù)推進(jìn)這一事業(yè)。我們正在世界各地資助能力建設(shè)，以幫助更多國(guó)家對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)揮更重要的作用。我們對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)自由的重視已經(jīng)表明，我們支持人權(quán)與民主活動(dòng)人士的努力，要讓他們能夠有公開的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的上網(wǎng)機(jī)會(huì)。我們正在資助尖端科技項(xiàng)目，以使他們即使在政府試圖壓制他們的聲音或阻隔他們上網(wǎng)的情況下，具有有效、安全互通信息和向外界傳遞信息的手段與技術(shù)能力。

為了協(xié)調(diào)上述以及其他相關(guān)努力，我們建立了一個(gè)新的網(wǎng)際事務(wù)協(xié)調(diào)員辦公室（Office of the Coordinator for Cyber Issues）?，F(xiàn)在在國(guó)務(wù)院負(fù)責(zé)該項(xiàng)工作的是克里斯·佩因特（Chris Painter）。他是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的資深專家，原任職于白宮和國(guó)家安全委員會(huì)（NSC），他在那邊參與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了我們今天發(fā)布的這一戰(zhàn)略的制訂。當(dāng)我們與其他國(guó)家及合作伙伴共同努力推進(jìn)這些范圍廣泛的目標(biāo)時(shí)，國(guó)務(wù)院這方面的工作將由克里斯的辦公室牽頭。

基于這一戰(zhàn)略，我們對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的工作現(xiàn)在進(jìn)入了下一個(gè)階段，我們也看到其他國(guó)家在如何調(diào)整它們各自的政策方針。我們認(rèn)識(shí)到，我們不能再繼續(xù)進(jìn)行零敲碎打、分散孤立的討論，因?yàn)槿缃裨S多國(guó)家已經(jīng)更加注重互聯(lián)網(wǎng)政策，隨著更多公民上網(wǎng)，我們所進(jìn)行的有關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間問(wèn)題的國(guó)際討論卻往往僅限于分別處理單項(xiàng)問(wèn)題。我們的外交官員與他們的國(guó)際同行就網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪問(wèn)題舉行會(huì)晤，然后在另一個(gè)場(chǎng)合討論網(wǎng)絡(luò)自由，最后再在第三個(gè)場(chǎng)合就網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問(wèn)題交換意見(jiàn)。

我們目前在國(guó)際上沒(méi)有以綜合協(xié)調(diào)的方式應(yīng)對(duì)這些問(wèn)題，因此，我們現(xiàn)在要基于我們的戰(zhàn)略來(lái)做到這點(diǎn)。我們希望你們確實(shí)通讀這一戰(zhàn)略，希望你們同我們交流，希望你們審視它，理解我們的原則和方針，然后與我們一起努力幫助將這一戰(zhàn)略付諸實(shí)施。網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的變化就發(fā)生在我們眼前，我們必須影響這種變化。讓我們感到興奮的是，這項(xiàng)戰(zhàn)略為我們提供了可依循的前進(jìn)路線圖。我期待今后數(shù)月中與你們共同努力，將這項(xiàng)戰(zhàn)略化為行動(dòng)?，F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)歡迎我的同事、司法部長(zhǎng)埃里克·霍爾德（Eric Holder）講話。（

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Charlotte, N.C., on Tuesday

第一夫人米歇爾奧巴馬國(guó)會(huì)演講.jpg

美國(guó)第一夫人Michelle Obama在民主黨全國(guó)大會(huì)DNC上的演說(shuō)視頻完整版及英語(yǔ)演講稿。米歇爾一展母儀天下風(fēng)范，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀眾歡呼的歡呼，鼓掌的鼓掌，抽泣的抽泣，抹淚的抹淚，感動(dòng)的噼里啪啦一塌糊涂。這個(gè)“皇后”確實(shí)可以對(duì)內(nèi)對(duì)外。精辟的話如“今天，當(dāng)我們面對(duì)的挑戰(zhàn)顯得鋪天蓋地——甚至無(wú)法戰(zhàn)勝的時(shí)候——讓我們永遠(yuǎn)不要忘記，行不可能之事正是這個(gè)國(guó)家的歷史，這是我們美國(guó)人的根性，這是我們的立國(guó)之本?！?/p>

米歇爾·奧巴馬在美國(guó)民主黨代表大會(huì)上的演講英語(yǔ)演講稿：

Thank you so much, Elaine...we are so grateful for your family's service and sacrifice...and we will always have your back.Over the past few years as First Lady, I have had the extraordinary privilege of traveling all across this country.And everywhere I've gone, in the people I've met, and the stories I've heard, I have seen the very best of the American spirit.I have seen it in the incredible kindness and warmth that people have shown me and my family, especially our girls.I've seen it in teachers in a near-bankrupt school district who vowed to keep teaching without pay.I've seen it in people who become heroes at a moment's notice, diving into harm's way to save others...flying across the country to put out a fire...driving for hours to bail out a flooded town.And I've seen it in our men and women in uniform and our proud military families...in wounded warriors who tell me they're not just going to walk again, they're going to run, and they're going to run marathons...in the young man blinded by a bomb in Afghanistan who said, simply, “...I'd give my eyes 100 times again to have the chance to do what I have done and what I can still do.”

Every day, the people I meet inspire me...every day, they make me proud...every day they remind me how blessed we are to live in the greatest nation on earth.非常感謝你,伊蓮……我們很感激您的家庭服務(wù)和犧牲……我們總是會(huì)有你的背部。

作為第一夫人在過(guò)去的幾年中,我有非凡的特權(quán)在這個(gè)國(guó)家旅行。無(wú)論我走了,在我見(jiàn)過(guò)的人,和我聽(tīng)說(shuō)的故事,我看到了最好的美國(guó)精神。我已經(jīng)看到它在不可思議的善良和溫暖,我和我的家人,特別是我們的女孩。我看到在一家瀕臨破產(chǎn)的學(xué)區(qū)教師誰(shuí)發(fā)誓要保持教學(xué)但不付薪水的實(shí)習(xí)工作。我看過(guò)它的人成為英雄即刻,深入的挽救他人……全國(guó)各地飛往滅火……開車幾個(gè)小時(shí)救助淹沒(méi)城鎮(zhèn)。我看到在我們的男女軍人和驕傲的軍人家庭……在受傷的戰(zhàn)士,他們告訴我,他們不是去走路了,他們要跑,要跑馬拉松…在年輕人的一枚炸彈在阿富汗人說(shuō),簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),“…我會(huì)給我的眼睛再次100倍,有機(jī)會(huì)做我所做,我還能做什么?！?每一天,我遇見(jiàn)的人激勵(lì)著我……每一天,他們讓我自豪……他們每天提醒我我們是多么幸福生活在這個(gè)地球上最偉大的國(guó)家。

Serving as your First Lady is an honor and a privilege...but back when we first came together four years ago, I still had some concerns about this journey we'd begun.While I believed deeply in my husband's vision for this country...and I was certain he would make an extraordinary President...like any mother, I was worried about what it would mean for our girls if he got that chance.How would we keep them grounded under the glare of the national spotlight?

How would they feel being uprooted from their school, their friends, and the only home they'd ever known?

Our life before moving to Washington was filled with simple joys...Saturdays at soccer games, Sundays at grandma's house...and a date night for Barack and me was either dinner or a movie, because as an exhausted mom, I couldn't stay awake for both.And the truth is, I loved the life we had built for our girls...I deeply loved the man I had built that life with...and I didn't want that to change if he became President.I loved Barack just the way he was.You see, even though back then Barack was a Senator and a presidential candidate...to me, he was still the guy who'd picked me up for our dates in a car that was so rusted out, I could actually see the pavement going by through a hole in the passenger side door...he was the guy whose proudest possession was a coffee table he'd found in a dumpster, and whose only pair of decent shoes was half a size too small.But when Barack started telling me about his family – that's when I knew I had found a kindred spirit, someone whose values and upbringing were so much like mine.You see, Barack and I were both raised by families who didn't have much in the way of money or material possessions but who had given us something far more valuable – their unconditional love, their unflinching sacrifice, and the chance to go places they had never imagined for themselves.My father was a pump operator at the city water plant, and he was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis when my brother and I were young.And even as a kid, I knew there were plenty of days when he was in pain...I knew there were plenty of mornings when it was a struggle for him to simply get out of bed.But every morning, I watched my father wake up with a smile, grab his walker, prop himself up against the bathroom sink, and slowly shave and button his uniform.And when he returned home after a long day's work, my brother and I would stand at the top of the stairs to our little apartment, patiently waiting to greet him...watching as he reached down to lift one leg, and then the other, to slowly climb his way into our arms.But despite these challenges, my dad hardly ever missed a day of work...he and my mom were determined to give me and my brother the kind of education they could only dream of.And when my brother and I finally made it to college, nearly all of our tuition came from student loans and grants.But my dad still had to pay a tiny portion of that tuition himself.And every semester, he was determined to pay that bill right on time, even taking out loans when he fell short.He was so proud to be sending his kids to college...and he made sure we never missed a registration deadline because his check was late.You see, for my dad, that's what it meant to be a man.Like so many of us, that was the measure of his success in life – being able to earn a decent living that allowed him to support his family.And as I got to know Barack, I realized that even though he'd grown up all the way across the country, he'd been brought up just like me.Barack was raised by a single mother who struggled to pay the bills, and by grandparents who stepped in when she needed help.Barack's grandmother started out as a secretary at a community bank...and she moved quickly up the ranks...but like so many women, she hit a glass ceiling.And for years, men no more qualified than she was – men she had actually trained – were promoted up the ladder ahead of her, earning more and more money while Barack's family continued to scrape by.But day after day, she kept on waking up at dawn to catch the bus...arriving at work before anyone else...giving her best without complaint or regret.And she would often tell Barack, “So long as you kids do well, Bar, that's all that really matters.”

Like so many American families, our families weren't asking for much.They didn't begrudge anyone else's success or care that others had much more than they did...in fact, they admired it.They simply believed in that fundamental American promise that, even if you don't start out with much, if you work hard and do what you're supposed to do, then you should be able to build a decent life for yourself and an even better life for your kids and grandkids.That's how they raised us...that's what we learned from their example.We learned about dignity and decency – that how hard you work matters more than how much you make...that helping others means more than just getting ahead yourself.We learned about honesty and integrity – that the truth matters...that you don't take shortcuts or play by your own set of rules...and success doesn't count unless you earn it fair and square.We learned about gratitude and humility – that so many people had a hand in our success, from the teachers who inspired us to the janitors who kept our school clean...and we were taught to value everyone's contribution and treat everyone with respect.Those are the values Barack and I – and so many of you – are trying to pass on to our own children.That's who we are.And standing before you four years ago, I knew that I didn't want any of that to change if Barack became President.Well, today, after so many struggles and triumphs and moments that have tested my husband in ways I never could have imagined, I have seen firsthand that being president doesn't change who you are – it reveals who you are.You see, I've gotten to see up close and personal what being president really looks like.And I've seen how the issues that come across a President's desk are always the hard ones – the problems where no amount of data or numbers will get you to the right answer...the judgment calls where the stakes are so high, and there is no margin for error.And as President, you can get all kinds of advice from all kinds of people.But at the end of the day, when it comes time to make that decision, as President, all you have to guide you are your values, and your vision, and the life experiences that make you who you are.So when it comes to rebuilding our economy, Barack is thinking about folks like my dad and like his grandmother.He's thinking about the pride that comes from a hard day's work.That's why he signed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act to help women get equal pay for equal work.That's why he cut taxes for working families and small businesses and fought to get the auto industry back on its feet.That's how he brought our economy from the brink of collapse to creating jobs again – jobs you can raise a family on, good jobs right here in the United States of America.When it comes to the health of our families, Barack refused to listen to all those folks who told him to leave health reform for another day, another president.He didn't care whether it was the easy thing to do politically – that's not how he was raised – he cared that it was the right thing to do.He did it because he believes that here in America, our grandparents should be able to afford their medicine...our kids should be able to see a doctor when they're sick...and no one in this country should ever go broke because of an accident or illness.And he believes that women are more than capable of making our own choices about our bodies and our health care...that's what my husband stands for.When it comes to giving our kids the education they deserve, Barack knows that like me and like so many of you, he never could've attended college without financial aid.And believe it or not, when we were first married, our combined monthly student loan bills were actually higher than our mortgage.We were so young, so in love, and so in debt.That's why Barack has fought so hard to increase student aid and keep interest rates down, because he wants every young person to fulfill their promise and be able to attend college without a mountain of debt.So in the end, for Barack, these issues aren't political – they're personal.Because Barack knows what it means when a family struggles.He knows what it means to want something more for your kids and grandkids.Barack knows the American Dream because he's lived it...and he wants everyone in this country to have that same opportunity, no matter who we are, or where we're from, or what we look like, or who we love.And he believes that when you've worked hard, and done well, and walked through that doorway of opportunity...you do not slam it shut behind you...you reach back, and you give other folks the same chances that helped you succeed.So when people ask me whether being in the White House has changed my husband, I can honestly say that when it comes to his character, and his convictions, and his heart, Barack Obama is still the same man I fell in love with all those years ago.He's the same man who started his career by turning down high paying jobs and instead working in struggling neighborhoods where a steel plant had shut down, fighting to rebuild those communities and get folks back to work...because for Barack, success isn't about how much money you make, it's about the difference you make in people's lives.He's the same man who, when our girls were first born, would anxiously check their cribs every few minutes to ensure they were still breathing, proudly showing them off to everyone we knew.That's the man who sits down with me and our girls for dinner nearly every night, patiently answering their questions about issues in the news, and strategizing about middle school friendships.That's the man I see in those quiet moments late at night, hunched over his desk, poring over the letters people have sent him.The letter from the father struggling to pay his bills...from the woman dying of cancer whose insurance company won't cover her care...from the young person with so much promise but so few opportunities.I see the concern in his eyes...and I hear the determination in his voice as he tells me, “You won't believe what these folks are going through, Michelle...it's not right.We've got to keep working to fix this.We've got so much more to do.”

I see how those stories – our collection of struggles and hopes and dreams – I see how that's what drives Barack Obama every single day.And I didn't think it was possible, but today, I love my husband even more than I did four years ago...even more than I did 23 years ago, when we first met.I love that he's never forgotten how he started.I love that we can trust Barack to do what he says he's going to do, even when it's hard – especially when it's hard.I love that for Barack, there is no such thing as “us” and “them” – he doesn't care whether you're a Democrat, a Republican, or none of the above...he knows that we all love our country...and he's always ready to listen to good ideas...he's always looking for the very best in everyone he meets.And I love that even in the toughest moments, when we're all sweating it – when we're worried that the bill won't pass, and it seems like all is lost – Barack never lets himself get distracted by the chatter and the noise.Just like his grandmother, he just keeps getting up and moving forward...with patience and wisdom, and courage and grace.And he reminds me that we are playing a long game here...and that change is hard, and change is slow, and it never happens all at once.But eventually we get there, we always do.We get there because of folks like my Dad...folks like Barack's grandmother...men and women who said to themselves, “I may not have a chance to fulfill my dreams, but maybe my children will...maybe my grandchildren will.”

So many of us stand here tonight because of their sacrifice, and longing, and steadfast love...because time and again, they swallowed their fears and doubts and did what was hard.So today, when the challenges we face start to seem overwhelming – or even impossible – let us never forget that doing the impossible is the history of this nation...it's who we are as Americans...it's how this country was built.And if our parents and grandparents could toil and struggle for us...if they could raise beams of steel to the sky, send a man to the moon, and connect the world with the touch of a button...then surely we can keep on sacrificing and building for our own kids and grandkids.And if so many brave men and women could wear our country's uniform and sacrifice their lives for our most fundamental rights...then surely we can do our part as citizens of this great democracy to exercise those rights...surely, we can get to the polls and make our voices heard on Election Day.If farmers and blacksmiths could win independence from an empire...if immigrants could leave behind everything they knew for a better life on our shores...if women could be dragged to jail for seeking the vote...if a generation could defeat a depression, and define greatness for all time...if a young preacher could lift us to the mountaintop with his righteous dream...and if proud Americans can be who they are and boldly stand at the altar with who they love...then surely, surely we can give everyone in this country a fair chance at that great American Dream.Because in the end, more than anything else, that is the story of this country – the story of unwavering hope grounded in unyielding struggle.That is what has made my story, and Barack's story, and so many other American stories possible.And I say all of this tonight not just as First Lady...and not just as a wife.You see, at the end of the day, my most important title is still “mom-in-chief.”

My daughters are still the heart of my heart and the center of my world.But today, I have none of those worries from four years ago about whether Barack and I were doing what's best for our girls.Because today, I know from experience that if I truly want to leave a better world for my daughters, and all our sons and daughters...if we want to give all our children a foundation for their dreams and opportunities worthy of their promise...if we want to give them that sense of limitless possibility – that belief that here in America, there is always something better out there if you're willing to work for it...then we must work like never before...and we must once again come together and stand together for the man we can trust to keep moving this great country forward...my husband, our President, President Barack Obama.Thank you, God bless you, and God bless America.

第五篇：克林頓國(guó)務(wù)卿為紀(jì)念世界艾滋病日發(fā)表講話

Secretary Clinton on Observance of World AIDS Day Washington, D.C.SECRETARY CLINTON: Thank you all very much.Oh my goodness.Thank you.I think we could just end the program right now.(Laughter.)Florence, thank you.Thank you for continuing to be a smiling advocate on behalf of an AIDS-free generation.And congratulations on those two sons of yours, who are the strongest evidence of what we can achieve.I’m very grateful to you for sharing your energy, your story, and your passion with us today.I am so pleased to have this opportunity to unveil, formally, the blueprint for an AIDS-free generation.And this could not have happened without Dr.Eric Goosby.I’ve known Eric a long time.When I decided to accept the President’s offer to become Secretary of State, I knew there was only one person that I would hope to recruit to become our Global AIDS Ambassador.Because Eric has both the firsthand experience, going back to the very beginning of his medical training and practice in San Francisco, to the vision he has as to continue to push us to do even more than we think we possibly can, and the drive to actually deliver that.He’s a unique human being, and we are so grateful for his service.And I want to return the favor, my friend, and thank you publicly for everything you have done.(Applause.)Also sitting in the front row is the man who has been leading the government’s research efforts from the very early days of the epidemic, Dr.Tony Fauci.Thank you for being here and thank you for everything you have done.(Applause.)From USAID, we have Dr.Ariel Pablos-Mendez, who has also been, along with everyone at USAID and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other government agencies, one of those public servants who has dedicated his or her life to this work.So I am grateful to everyone in our government who has done what has made all the difference.We could not be making this announcement had it not been for the countless hours in laboratories, at bedsides, in the field, everything that people have contributed.And also let me thank Michel Sidibe, who has also been on the frontlines, and from UNAIDS, an absolutely essentially organization in playing the irreplaceable role in this fight.Thank you so much, Michel.(Applause.)And Dr.Dlamini-Zuma, the first woman to chair the African Union Commission, a longtime public servant, government official, activist in South Africa.The AU is a critical partner in our work against HIV/AIDS, and I don’t think there’s anyone who is better positioned to lead the AU at this time.And the fact she’s the first women to lead the AU in its 50-year history is an additional benefit.Thank you so much, my friend.(Applause.)And to Senator Enzi and Congresswoman Lee and Congressman Bass, who truly have been leaders, but also represent members of Congress on both sides of the aisle.This is a program that really has had bipartisan support – the leadership of President Bush in creating PEPFAR, the commitment and leadership of President Obama.This is something that I think has really made a difference for Americans and for America.It represents our very best values in practice.So to all the members of Congress, the advocates and activists, the scientists, people living with HIV, thank you for joining us as we take this next step in the journey we began years ago, but which we formally announced a year ago, to change the course of this pandemic and usher in an AIDS-free generation.Now, make no mistake about it: HIV may well be with us into the future.But the disease that it causes need not be.We can reach a point where virtually no children are born with the virus, and as these children become teenagers and adults, they are at a far lower risk of becoming infected than they are today.And if they do acquire HIV, they have access to treatment that helps prevent them from not only from developing AIDS, but from and passing the virus on to others.Now earlier this year, at the International AIDS Conference here in Washington, I described some of the steps we have taken to achieve an AIDS-free generation.And today, I want to step back and make two broad points about this goal.First, let’s remember why, after so many years of discouraging news, this goal is now possible.By applying evidence-based strategies in the most effective combinations, we have cut the number of new infections dramatically.Just last week, UNAIDS announced that, over the past decade, the rate of new HIV infections has dropped by more than half in 25 low-and-middle-income countries, most of them in Sub-Saharan Africa.Just listen to these numbers: In Zimbabwe, a 50 percent reduction;in Namibia, a 68 percent reduction;and in Malawi, a 73 percent reduction in the rate of new infections.So as we continue to drive down the number of new infections and drive up the number of people on treatment, eventually we will be able to treat more people than become infected every year.That will be the tipping point.We will then get ahead of the pandemic, and an AIDS-free generation will be in our sight.Now, we don’t know how long it will take to do this everywhere, but we know that we can do it.And that brings me to the second point: We’ve set the goal.We know it’s possible.Now we have to deliver.That may sound obvious, but it isn’t, because the history of global health and development is littered with grand plans that never panned out.And that matters, because if we make commitments and then fail to keep them, not only will our credibility be diminished, but people will lose heart.They will conclude, wrongly, that progress just isn’t possible, and everyone will lose faith in each other.That will cost lives.And in the fight against HIV/AIDS, failing to live up to our commitments isn’t just disappointing, it is deadly.That’s why I am so relentlessly focused on delivering results.In July, I asked Eric Goosby and his team to produce a plan to show precisely how America will help achieve an AIDS-free generation.As I said then, I want the next Congress, the next Secretary of State, and our partners everywhere to know how we will contribute to achieving this goal.And the result is the blueprint we are releasing today.It lays out five goals and many specific steps we will take to accomplish those goals.First, we are committing to rapidly scaling up the most effective prevention and treatment interventions.And today, I can announce some new numbers that show how far we’ve already come.This year, through PEPFAR, we directly supported nearly 5.1 million people on antiretroviral treatment.(Applause.)That is a 200 percent increase since 2008.Now, think for a moment what this means.What did Florence say was the only hope she could give her fellow women living with HIV? She said it was the ARVs.And this year, the American people gave that hope to more than 5 million of their fellow citizens on this earth.And through them, we gave hope to their families and communities, and I think that should make every American profoundly proud.Now, our second goal is that the blueprint says we have to go where the virus is, targeting the populations at the greatest risk of contracting HIV, including people who inject drugs, sex workers, and those trafficked into prostitution, and men who have sex with men.(Applause.)When discrimination, stigma, and other factors drive these groups into the shadows, the epidemic becomes that much harder to fight.That’s why we are supporting country-led plans to expand services for key populations, and bolstering the efforts of civil society groups to reach out to them.And we are investing in research to identify the interventions that are most effective for each key population.As part of our effort to go where the virus is, we are focusing even more intently on women and girls, because they are still at higher risk then men of acquiring HIV because of gender inequity and violence.So we are working to ensure that HIV/AIDS programs recognize the particular needs of women and girls, for example, by integrating these efforts with family planning and reproductive health services.(Applause.)We are also working to prevent and respond to gender-based violence, invest in girls’ education, address gender inequality, and take other steps that have been proven to lower their risk of contracting the virus.Third, we will promote sustainability, efficiency, and effectiveness.We’ve already saved hundreds of millions of dollars by switching to generic drugs in our treatment regimen.And we will continue to ensure that we get the most out of every dollar spent.Fourth, we will promote a global effort to achieve an AIDS-free generation, because this must be a shared responsibility.That means our partner countries must step up to the responsibilities of country ownership.And we look to our partner countries to define the services their people need the most, set priorities, and convene funding partners to coordinate.Donors must meet their funding commitments while also doing more to support country ownership.To drive all these efforts, the United States will continue to support the Global Fund, we will invest in global health diplomacy, and use our diplomatic leverage to support our goals and bring others to the table.And I have to say I was so impressed when I was in South Africa this summer.I went to Cape Town.We – Eric and I went together, Ambassador was there, along with the South African Minister of Health, who has been an exemplary leader.Let’s give the Minister of Health of South Africa a round of applause.(Applause.)He has worked so hard with a great team and with President Zuma’s full support to really take on the responsibility of country ownership and management.And when we were in the clinic in Cape Town, we saw some really impressive developments, including a more efficient way to dispense the drugs that are needed.And it was a great tribute to what the South African Government has been able to do in the last four years.Now finally – and this is really a call for the entire global health community – science and evidence must continue to guide our work.For our part, the United States will support research on innovative technologies for prevention and treatment, such as microbicides and approaches that stave off opportunistic infections like TB.We will set clear, measurable benchmarks and monitor our progress toward them so we can focus our funding on what works.It is science that has brought us to this point;it is science that will allow us to finish this job.So with this blueprint, I firmly believe we have laid out a plan that every American president and secretary and Congress will want to build on.And I urge other countries to develop their own blueprints, because to reach and AIDS-free generation, we have to keep moving forward.So if we have any doubt about the importance of this work, just think of the joy and that big smile on Florence’s face when she told us about giving birth to her two healthy HIV-negative sons.And think of that same sense of joy rippling out across an entire generation, tens of millions of mothers and fathers whose children will be born free of this disease, who will not know the horror of AIDS.That is the world we are working for, and nothing could be more exciting, more inspiring, more deserving of our dedication than that.So I thank everyone across our government, because I know this was a whole-of-government effort.I thank you all for everything you have done, are doing, and will do to deliver on this important goal.And now it’s my great pleasure to welcome my friend and partner in the effort to the stage, the leader of UNAIDS, Michel Sidibe.(Applause.)

克林頓國(guó)務(wù)卿為紀(jì)念世界艾滋病日發(fā)表講話

克林頓國(guó)務(wù)卿：非常感謝大家。真不得了！謝謝大家。我想現(xiàn)在就可以結(jié)束這個(gè)活動(dòng)了。（笑聲）謝謝你，弗洛倫斯（Florence）。感謝你繼續(xù)面帶微笑地倡導(dǎo)整個(gè)一代人無(wú)艾滋病的目標(biāo)。并祝賀你的兩個(gè)兒子，他們最有力地證實(shí)了我們所能取得的成就。我非常感激你今天與我們分享你的能量、你的故事和你的熱情。

很高興能借這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)正式公布無(wú)艾滋病一代的藍(lán)圖，而沒(méi)有埃里克·古斯比（Eric Goosby）博士是不可能做到的。我認(rèn)識(shí)埃里克很久了。當(dāng)我決定接受總統(tǒng)的任命出任國(guó)務(wù)卿時(shí)，我就知道只有一個(gè)人是我要聘任擔(dān)當(dāng)全球艾滋病事務(wù)大使（Global AIDS Ambassador）的。因?yàn)榘＠锟藦囊婚_始學(xué)醫(yī)以及在舊金山行醫(yī)時(shí)起就不僅有親身經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而且還有繼續(xù)推動(dòng)我們盡可能取得更大成就的抱負(fù)以及實(shí)現(xiàn)這一抱負(fù)的干勁。他是一個(gè)極為難得的人，我們非常感謝他所做的工作。我的朋友，我想在大家面前感謝你所做的一切，以此作為回報(bào)。（掌聲）

在前排就坐的還有從艾滋病最早流行時(shí)便負(fù)責(zé)政府研究工作的托尼·福西（Tony Fauci）博士。感謝你的光臨，感謝你所做的一切。（掌聲）

還有來(lái)自美國(guó)國(guó)際開發(fā)署（USAID）的阿里爾·帕布洛·門德斯（Ariel Pablos-Mendez）博士，他與美國(guó)國(guó)際開發(fā)署及疾病控制和預(yù)防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）等其他政府機(jī)構(gòu)的各位共事，是畢其一生致力于這項(xiàng)工作的公職人員之一。因此，我很感謝各位在政府機(jī)構(gòu)中為取得所有這些成就做出的貢獻(xiàn)。沒(méi)有大家在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里、在病床邊、在實(shí)地廢寢忘食地工作，沒(méi)有大家在這一領(lǐng)域中的諸多貢獻(xiàn)，就不可能有這個(gè)發(fā)布會(huì)。

此外，我還要感謝一直工作在第一線的米歇爾·西迪貝（Michel Sidibe）以及聯(lián)合國(guó)艾滋病規(guī)劃署（UNAIDS），這個(gè)至關(guān)重要的組織在這場(chǎng)斗爭(zhēng)中發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。非常感謝你，米歇爾。（掌聲）

還有德拉米尼-祖馬（Dlamini-Zuma）博士，她是非洲聯(lián)盟委員會(huì)（African Union Commission）的首位女主席，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)在南非擔(dān)任公職人員和政府官員，而且一直是一名社會(huì)活動(dòng)家。非洲聯(lián)盟是我們防治艾滋病毒/艾滋病的重要伙伴，我認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有人比她更勝任非洲聯(lián)盟的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職位了。她是非洲聯(lián)盟成立50年來(lái)首位女主席這一事實(shí)使她更具優(yōu)勢(shì)。非常感謝你，我的朋友。（掌聲）

感謝參議員恩茲（Enzi）以及眾議員李（Lee）和巴斯（Bass），他們始終是真正的領(lǐng)袖，也是國(guó)會(huì)兩黨成員的代表。這是一個(gè)切實(shí)得到兩黨共同支持的計(jì)劃——布什總統(tǒng)（Bush）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)創(chuàng)立了美國(guó)總統(tǒng)防治艾滋病緊急救援計(jì)劃（PEPFAR），歐巴馬總統(tǒng)為這一計(jì)劃做出了承諾并發(fā)揮了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用。我認(rèn)為這是真正為美國(guó)人民和美國(guó)做出貢獻(xiàn)的計(jì)劃。它代表了我們所奉行的最優(yōu)秀的價(jià)值觀。

因此，各位國(guó)會(huì)議員、維權(quán)人士和社會(huì)活動(dòng)家、科學(xué)家以及艾滋病毒攜帶者，感謝你們與我們共同邁出這個(gè)旅程的下一步——我們的旅程在多年前開始，但我們?cè)谝荒昵罢叫家孓D(zhuǎn)艾滋病疫情并迎來(lái)無(wú)艾滋病的一代。

毋庸置疑的是：艾滋病毒很可能會(huì)存在下去，但艾滋病毒所導(dǎo)致的疾病卻不必如此。我們可以實(shí)現(xiàn)幾乎沒(méi)有兒童生來(lái)就感染艾滋病毒的目標(biāo)，而且隨著他們成長(zhǎng)為青少年和成年人，他們感染艾滋病毒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于現(xiàn)在。即使他們感染上艾滋病毒，他們也可以獲得治療，不僅能避免引發(fā)艾滋病，還能防止他們將病毒傳染給他人。在今年早些時(shí)候，我在于華盛頓舉行的國(guó)際艾滋病大會(huì)（International AIDS Conference）上介紹了我們?yōu)閷?shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)艾滋病一代的目標(biāo)已經(jīng)采取的一些措施。今天，我要概括說(shuō)明有關(guān)這個(gè)目標(biāo)的兩大要點(diǎn)。

首先，我們不要忘記，經(jīng)過(guò)這么多年的挫折后現(xiàn)在有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的原因何在。通過(guò)以最有效的綜合手段應(yīng)用有實(shí)證基礎(chǔ)的策略，我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)大幅降低了新發(fā)感染的數(shù)量。就在上周，聯(lián)合國(guó)艾滋病規(guī)劃署宣布，在過(guò)去十年中，25個(gè)中低收入國(guó)家的艾滋病毒新發(fā)感染率已經(jīng)下降了一半以上，這些大多是非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南（Sub-Saharan Africa）地區(qū)的國(guó)家。聽(tīng)聽(tīng)這些數(shù)字：新發(fā)感染率在津巴布韋下降了50％，在納米比亞下降了68％，在馬拉維下降了73％。

因此，隨著我們繼續(xù)降低新發(fā)感染的數(shù)量并增加接受治療的人數(shù)，我們最終將能使每年得到治療的人數(shù)超過(guò)被感染的人數(shù)。這將是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。隨后，我們將把艾滋病甩在后面，并將有望迎來(lái)無(wú)艾滋病的一代。我不知道要用多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能在各地實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，但我們知道我們能夠做到。

由此我要談到第二個(gè)要點(diǎn)：我們已經(jīng)設(shè)定了目標(biāo)。我們知道它可以實(shí)現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)在我們必須將它付諸實(shí)現(xiàn)。這聽(tīng)起來(lái)似乎顯而易見(jiàn)，但其實(shí)不然，因?yàn)槿虻慕】岛桶l(fā)展史上不乏從未獲得成功的種種宏偉計(jì)劃。這一點(diǎn)非常重要，因?yàn)槿绻覀冏龀龀兄Z但卻不履行承諾，不僅會(huì)使我們信譽(yù)掃地，而且會(huì)讓人們灰心喪氣。他們將得出錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論，認(rèn)為進(jìn)步根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，致使人人都對(duì)彼此失去信心。而這將造成生命損失。在與艾滋病毒/艾滋病的斗爭(zhēng)中，不履行我們的承諾不僅會(huì)令人失望，而且還會(huì)導(dǎo)致生命損失。

正因?yàn)槿绱?，我始終不渝地強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)效。7月，我要求埃里克·古斯比和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)制定一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，明確說(shuō)明美國(guó)將如何幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)一代人無(wú)艾滋病的目標(biāo)。正如我當(dāng)時(shí)所說(shuō)，我希望下一屆國(guó)會(huì)、下一任國(guó)務(wù)卿以及我們的各個(gè)合作伙伴都知道我們將如何為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)貢獻(xiàn)力量。其結(jié)果便是我們今天要發(fā)布的這份藍(lán)圖。它闡明了五個(gè)目標(biāo)以及我們?yōu)閷?shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)將要采取的許多具體步驟。首先，我們正致力于迅速普及最有效的預(yù)防和治療措施。今天，我會(huì)宣布一些新的數(shù)字，這些數(shù)字顯示我們已經(jīng)取得長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)展。今年，我們通過(guò)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)防治艾滋病緊急救援計(jì)劃（PEPEAR）直接為將近510萬(wàn)人提供了抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療。（掌聲）自2008年以來(lái)，這一數(shù)字增加了200％。

現(xiàn)在，想一想這意味著什么。弗洛倫斯說(shuō)她能給感染艾滋病毒的女同胞帶來(lái)的唯一希望是什么？她說(shuō)是抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物（ARV）。而今年，美國(guó)人民將這種希望帶給了這個(gè)地球上500多萬(wàn)同胞。通過(guò)這些藥物，我們給他們的家庭和社區(qū)帶來(lái)了希望，我認(rèn)為每一個(gè)美國(guó)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)為此深感自豪。

現(xiàn)在，我們藍(lán)圖中的第二個(gè)目標(biāo)是深入病毒所在之處，針對(duì)感染艾滋病毒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最高的群體開展工作，包括注射毒品者、性工作者和被販賣從事賣淫者以及與男性發(fā)生性關(guān)系的男性。（掌聲）

當(dāng)歧視、恥辱和其他因素將這些群體趕到隱秘之處時(shí)，艾滋病將更加難以消滅。因此，我們正在支持國(guó)家主導(dǎo)的計(jì)劃，以擴(kuò)大為重點(diǎn)人口提供的服務(wù)，并加強(qiáng)公民社會(huì)團(tuán)體為他們提供幫助的努力。此外，我們正在對(duì)一批研究項(xiàng)目投資，以確定對(duì)各重點(diǎn)人群最有效的干預(yù)措施。

作為深入艾滋病毒流行之處開展工作的一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，我們更加關(guān)注婦女和女孩，因?yàn)楸绕鹉腥?，她們因性別不平等和暴力而感染艾滋病毒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)仍然更高。因此，我們正在努力，以確保各種艾滋病毒/艾滋病防治計(jì)劃認(rèn)識(shí)到婦女和女孩的特殊需要，例如，可以把這項(xiàng)工作與計(jì)劃生育和生育健康服務(wù)結(jié)合起來(lái)。（掌聲）我們也正在努力防止和應(yīng)對(duì)性別暴力，對(duì)女孩的教育投資，解決性別不平等問(wèn)題，并采取其他已證實(shí)可以降低女性艾滋病毒感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的措施。

第三，我們將增進(jìn)可持續(xù)性、效率和有效性。我們已經(jīng)通過(guò)在治療方案中轉(zhuǎn)為采用非專利藥物而節(jié)省了數(shù)億美元。我們將繼續(xù)確保我們花費(fèi)的每一美元都能取得最大效益。第四，我們將推動(dòng)全球范圍的努力，實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)一代人無(wú)艾滋病的目標(biāo)，因?yàn)檫@必須是我們共同的責(zé)任。這意味著我們的伙伴國(guó)家必須更加主動(dòng)地承擔(dān)起責(zé)任。我們還期待伙伴國(guó)家確定其人民最需要的服務(wù)，分清輕重緩急，并召集融資伙伴互相協(xié)調(diào)。捐助者必須履行其提供資金的承諾，同時(shí)作出更多努力來(lái)支持國(guó)家主導(dǎo)的模式。

為了推動(dòng)所有這些努力，美國(guó)將繼續(xù)支持全球基金（Global Fund），繼續(xù)投資于全球衛(wèi)生外交，利用外交杠桿為我們的目標(biāo)提供支持，讓其他國(guó)家加入我們的行列。

我必須提到，今年夏天對(duì)南非的訪問(wèn)給我留下了非常深刻的印象。我去了開普敦（Cape Town）。我們——埃里克大使和我同行——會(huì)晤了南非衛(wèi)生部長(zhǎng)，南非衛(wèi)生部長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直是模范領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。讓我們用掌聲向南非衛(wèi)生部長(zhǎng)致意。（掌聲）

他與一個(gè)出色的團(tuán)隊(duì)辛勤努力，在祖馬總統(tǒng)的全力支持下，切實(shí)承擔(dān)起國(guó)家主導(dǎo)和管理的責(zé)任。當(dāng)我們走訪開普敦的診所時(shí)，我們看到了一些真正令人印象深刻的進(jìn)展，包括一種更高效的給藥方式。這些進(jìn)展凸顯了南非政府過(guò)去四年來(lái)所取得的成果。

最后——這確實(shí)需要全球衛(wèi)生界一致努力——必須以科學(xué)和實(shí)證繼續(xù)指導(dǎo)我們的工作。對(duì)于美國(guó)而言，我們將支持預(yù)防和治療方面的創(chuàng)新研究，例如殺微生物劑和避免結(jié)核病及其他機(jī)會(huì)性感染的方法。我們將制定明確的、可衡量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并追蹤我們?cè)谶@些領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)展，以便把資金集中用于有效的方法。是科學(xué)讓我們?nèi)〉昧私裉斓某删?，未?lái)，我們也必須依賴科學(xué)實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。

因此，就這份藍(lán)圖而言，我堅(jiān)信我們已經(jīng)制定了一個(gè)未來(lái)每屆美國(guó)總統(tǒng)、國(guó)務(wù)卿以及國(guó)會(huì)都希望繼續(xù)推進(jìn)的計(jì)劃。我敦促其他國(guó)家制定自己的藍(lán)圖，因?yàn)橐獙?shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)一代人無(wú)艾滋病的目標(biāo)，我們必須不斷前進(jìn)。

因此，如果我們對(duì)這項(xiàng)工作的重要性有任何懷疑，只需要想一想當(dāng)弗洛倫斯告訴我們她生下了兩個(gè)健康的、艾滋病毒檢測(cè)陰性的兒子時(shí)，臉上的喜悅和燦爛的笑容。再想一想蕩漾在一整代人心中同樣的喜悅——幾千萬(wàn)父母將生下未受艾滋病毒侵害的孩子，這些孩子將不會(huì)經(jīng)歷艾滋病帶來(lái)的恐怖。這就是我們正在努力追尋的世界，沒(méi)有任何事情更激動(dòng)人心、更令人鼓舞、更值得我們?yōu)橹瞰I(xiàn)。

因此，我感謝我們政府中的每一個(gè)人，因?yàn)槲抑肋@離不開政府各部門的努力。感謝大家為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一重大目標(biāo)已經(jīng)付出、正在付出和將要付出的一切努力。

現(xiàn)在，我很榮幸地邀請(qǐng)我的朋友和這項(xiàng)工作中的合作伙伴、聯(lián)合國(guó)艾滋病規(guī)劃署負(fù)責(zé)人米歇爾·西迪貝上臺(tái)發(fā)言。