第一篇:小學六年級英語 時態(tài)總結(jié)
時態(tài)總結(jié)一、一般現(xiàn)在時
標志詞:always(總是)usually(通常)often(經(jīng)常)sometimes(有時)never(從不)every(每一)行為動詞的詞型變化形式
一般現(xiàn)在時動詞只有第三人稱有詞形變化,其他人稱(第一人稱:I, we;第二人稱:you;第三人稱復(fù)數(shù):they、my friends)動詞均用原形 當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,一般動詞在一般現(xiàn)在時句子中的變化規(guī)律:
1、多數(shù)在動詞后加s play—plays like—likes ,2、以s,x,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾的動詞加es wash–washes catch–catches do–does
3、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,把y改i再加es
fly—flies study—studies
4、以元音字母加y結(jié)尾,直接加s
buy – buys
5、不規(guī)則變化
have—has
一般現(xiàn)在時基本用法功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如:The sky is blue.天空是藍色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六點起床。
3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。構(gòu)成
1.be動詞:主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一個男孩。2.行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如:We study English.我們學習英語。句型 肯定句:
①be動詞:主語+ be + 其它成分He is a worker.②行為動詞:主語+動詞(注意人稱變化)+其它成分
We like the little cat.否定句:
①be動詞:主語+ be + not +其它成分They are not students.②行為動詞:主語+助動詞(do/does)+ not +動詞原形+其它成分 We don’t like the cat.一般疑問句:
①be動詞: Am / Is /Are +主語 + 其它成分 Are you a teacher? Yes, I am./ No, I am not.Are they students of your school? Yes they are / No they aren’t.②行為動詞:助動詞(Do/Does)+主語+動詞原形 + 其它成分 Do you like it? Yes, I do./ No.I don’t.Does he(she)like it? Yes, he(she)does./ No, he(she)doesn’t.特殊疑問句: 疑問詞+ 一般疑問句
①be動詞: How many students are there in your school?
②行為動詞:What do you usually do on Sunday? 一般現(xiàn)在時動詞be和 have的變化形式
1.動詞Be叫連系動詞, 用法:第一人稱單數(shù)用am,第三人稱單數(shù)用is,其它人稱用are。
2.動詞have的用法:第三人稱單數(shù)用has以外,其它人稱一律用have。(注意事項當have如果不表示“有”時,構(gòu)成疑問或否定句時,就借助于助動詞do, does)
如: I have lunch at 12 o’clock.否定式:I don’t have lunch at 12 o’clock.(表示吃)
二、現(xiàn)在進行時
標志詞:now, look, listen,It’s+時間.現(xiàn)在進行時: 表示正在進行的、發(fā)生的動作 基本結(jié)構(gòu):
am, is, are+ 動詞ing 肯定句:主語 + be動詞(am, are, is)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞(ing)+ 其他 I am watching TV.否定句:主語 + be動詞+ not + 現(xiàn)在分詞(ing)+ 其他 I am not watching TV.一般疑問句:Be動詞(Am, Are, Is)+ 主語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞(ing)+ 其他
Are you watching TV?
Yes, I am./ No, I am not.特殊疑問句:疑問詞+ 一般疑問句 What are you doing? 動詞的-ing形式的變化規(guī)律:
1.直接加-ing watch—watching
clean—cleaning
2.以-y結(jié)尾的動詞,直接加-ing study—studying play—playing 3.以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的動詞,先去-e再加-ingmake—making
4.末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞,雙寫末尾字母,再加-ing
cut—cutting
swimming三、一般將來時的用法:
表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài),或?qū)砟骋欢螘r間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動作或狀態(tài)。
標志詞:tomorrow(明天),the day after tomorrow(后天),next(下一個),from now on(從現(xiàn)在開始),in the future(將來),soon(不久)等 結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)be(am, is,are)+going to+動詞原形
(2)will+動詞原形“be going to+動詞原形(打算?)”=”will+動詞原形(將,會?)
(3)I’m going to study tomorrow.I will study tomorrow.(be going to著重于事先考慮好、主觀的想法,will 未事先考慮好)一般不用考慮
肯定句:①主語 + be(am, are, is)going to + 動詞原形.②主語 + will + 動詞原形 否定句:①主語 + be(am, are, is)not going to + 動詞原形.②主語 + won’t + 動詞原形.一般疑問句:Be(Am, Are, Is)+ 主語 + going to + 動詞原形?
Will + 主語 + 動詞原形?
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+ 一般疑問句?
(注意:will 常簡略為 'll,并與主語連寫在一起,如:I'll,he'll,it'll,we'll,you'll,they'll。)
四、一般過去時
標志詞:yesterday(昨天), last(上一個), this morning(今天早上),ago(以前),before(在…之前), in 2002(在2002年)等
用法:表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。也表示過去經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作 動詞過去式的變化規(guī)則:
1.一般在動詞末尾加-ed如:watch-watched, cook-cooked 2.結(jié)尾是e加-d如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i,再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不規(guī)則動詞過去式:am/is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave… 句型: 1.Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化:
⑴ am 和is 變?yōu)閣as否定(was not=wasn’t)⑵ ⑵are 變?yōu)閣ere否定(were not=weren’t)否定句:在 was或were后加not
一般疑問句:把was或were調(diào)到句首。2.行為動詞在一般過去時中的變化
否定句:didn’t + 動詞原形如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.一般疑問句:在句首加Did,句子中的動詞過去式變回原形如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問句:
(1)疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday?(2)疑問詞當主語時:疑問詞+動詞過去式?如:Who went to school yesterday?
第二篇:六年級英語時態(tài)總結(jié)
六年級英語時態(tài)總結(jié) 一般現(xiàn)在時
1.定義:表示經(jīng)常或習慣發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),通常與時間狀語usually、often、always、sometimes、every day、once a week連用。
例如:She often reads newspa-pe-rs aftert supper。她經(jīng)常在晚飯后看報。
2.一般現(xiàn)在時還可以表示客觀事實或普遍真理。
例如: The earth moves round the sun。地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。3.主語為第三人稱(他、她、它、人名)單數(shù)時,其后動詞也要變成相應(yīng)形式即復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例如:Mike every day goes to school.4.含be動詞/含實義動詞的基本句型:
a肯定句:主語+be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(am/is/are)+? 例如:He is a boy./主語+動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時+?,例如:He usually goes to school。b一般疑問句:
Be+主語+?例Is he a boy?肯答Yes, he is;否定答:No,he isn’t Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+?
例Does he go to school usually?Yes he does/No he does’nt c特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+be+主語+動詞原形。例what is his name? 特殊疑問詞+do/does+主語+動詞原形。why does he go to school usually?
二、現(xiàn)在進行時
1.定義:表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作或行為。2.現(xiàn)階段兩種用法:
第一、表示此時此刻正在進行的動作。例如Is it snowing now?現(xiàn)在在下雪嗎? 第二、表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作,但說話時動作不一定正在進行。
例如:He is translating a book.他正在翻譯一本書。3.基本句型:
a肯定句:主語+be(am/is/are)+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+? 例She is reading a book。
b一般疑問句: Be+主語+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+?? 例:Is she reading a book?
肯定回答:Yes, she is。否定回答:No,she isn’t c特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+be+主語+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+? 例who is reading a book?
三、一般過去式
1.定義:表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。一般過去式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,句中的動詞一律用過去式。
2、be動詞/行為動詞一般過去式的基本句型:
a肯定句:主語+be(was/were)+?例He was busy yesterday。他昨天很忙
/主語+動詞的過去式+? 例He played tennis last week。他上周打網(wǎng)球了。
b否定句:主語+ be(was/were)+not+?例如He was not busy yesterday。
/主語+did not+動詞原形+? 例He did not playtennis last week。c一般疑問句:Was/Were+主語+?例如: Was he busy yesterday? 肯定回答:Yes, he was;否定回答:No,he wasn’t /Did+主語+動詞原形+??
例如 :Did he play tennis last week。
肯定回答:Yes,he did。否定回答:No,he didn’t d特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+?? 例:why were you busy yesterday? 特殊疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形+?? when did he play tennis last week? 四一般將來時:
1.定義:表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
2.be going to+動詞原形,表示說話者明確的打算或確信會發(fā)生的事。a 肯定句:主語+be(am/is/are)going to+動詞原形+其他。例如:He is going to play football tomorrow。
b否定句:主語+be(am/is/are)not going to+動詞原形+其他。例如:He is not going to play football tomorrow。c一般疑問句:be(am/is/are)+主語+going to+動詞原形+其他? 例如:Is he going to play football tomorrow?Yes, he is/No,he isn’t
d特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+be(am/is/are)+主語+going to+動詞原形+其他? 例如:What are you going to play football tomorrow? 3.Will/Shall+動詞原形,表示將要發(fā)生的動作或行為。(Will任意人稱/shall只能第一人稱)a 肯定句:主語+will/shall+動詞原形+其他。
例如:I will call you tonight。我今晚會給你打電話。b否定句:主語+will/shall not +動詞原形+其他。例如:I will not call you tonight。
c一般疑問句:Will/Shall +主語+動詞原形+其他? 例如:Will you go to the zoo tomorrow? Yes, I will;No,I won’t
d特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+will/shall+主語+動詞原形+其他? 例如:When will you leave China?
4、解析區(qū)別:
1、Be going to+動詞原形:表示一個事先考慮好的的意圖,相當于中文的打算、計劃、準備;
2、Will/Shall +動詞原形:表示未經(jīng)事先考慮的意圖.5、一般將來時的時間狀語:
soon很快、in two weeks兩周后、some day將來的某一天、next year明年the day after tomorrow后天、in the future在未來、next summer 明年夏天
be +形容詞
凡是在must, mustn’t, can, can’t, let’s, don’t, may,will后的一定要用動詞的原形
二、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。
名詞按其數(shù),可分兩種:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則:
1.一般情況下,直接在詞尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens
2.以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞,在詞后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,變y 為i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country-countries
4.以f或fe結(jié)尾的,變f或fe為v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,5.以o 結(jié)尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,三、形容詞的比較級、最高級。
形容詞有比較級與最高級之分, 單音節(jié)詞的變化規(guī)則: 1.一般情況下,直接在詞尾加-er或-est,如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest 2.以e結(jié)尾的,加-er或-est, 如:large-larger-largest, 名詞性物主代詞 mine yours his hers theirs ours
nice-nicer-nicest.3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的, 變y 為i 再加-er或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.4.以重讀閉音節(jié),一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的,雙寫該字母,再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest..good-better-best
四、be 動詞,助動詞。
現(xiàn)階段be動詞形式有: am, is, are, were, was, isn’t, aren’t, weren’t, wasn’t
助動詞形式有: do, does, did, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t ※ 1.在英語句子中進行變化的時候, 有be動詞的就在be動詞上變化,變 “過去”, “否定”;
否定 過去 否定
am-------am not(第一人稱 “I”)am, is------was---------wasn’t
is-------isn’t(第三人稱)are------were---------weren’t are------aren’t(you和其它人稱)2.沒有be動詞的就要加助動詞;否定 過去 過去否定
do-----don’t------did---------didn’t
does(第三人稱單數(shù))-----doesn’t------did---------didn’t 五.人稱代詞
代詞主格 I you he she they we 代詞賓格 me you him her them us 形容詞性物主代詞 my your his her their our
I my mine me she her hers her he his his him it its its it you your yours you we our ours us they their theirs them 六.特殊疑問詞 What is this?
What is this in English? What is the matter? What is the weather like? What is she/he like? What do you like? What What does he do? What do you have for?? What colour?? What time?? What day??
What do/does/did+?? How are you? How old?? How How many?? How much?? How long??
How do/does/did+??
第三篇:小學英語4種時態(tài)總結(jié)
《小學英語時態(tài)小結(jié)》
一:現(xiàn)在進行時:
1、概念:用在敘述某人正在做某事的時候。(某動作正在進行)其結(jié)構(gòu)是“be動詞 + 動詞ing”,句中可能會有l(wèi)ook,listen,now或一個相當具體的時間。
2、時間狀語:now, at this time
3、基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+doing
4、否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing
5、一般疑問句:把be動詞放于句首
6、動詞加“ing”(現(xiàn)在分詞)的變化規(guī)則: 1)、直接在動詞后面加“ing” 2)、“元音+輔音+e”結(jié)尾的單詞把e去掉再加ing。3)、重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫最后字母再加ing,單詞有:run—running、swim—swimming、put—putting、get—getting、shop—shopping
7、例句 What is Mary doing?She’s shopping.Is Betty swimming now?No, she isn’t.She’s running.It’s seven thirty in the evening.We’re having dinner at home.現(xiàn)在進行時:
be(am, are, is)+ doing
肯定句:be + doing
否定句:be not + doing
疑問句:Be + 主語 + doing?
listenlook,nowit's...1.直接加ing
2.雙寫加ing
3.去e加ing
二:一般現(xiàn)在時:
1、概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。用來敘述經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的事情、習慣和愛好等。
2.時間狀語: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):①動詞原形(如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),動詞上要加s或es)
4.否定形式:①此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞;②am/is/are+not。
5.一般疑問句:①若有be動詞,把be動詞放于句首;②用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。
6、如果敘述的人或事物是第三人稱單數(shù)行為動詞要加上,其變化規(guī)則和名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則一樣。
1.)John likes going hiking.2.)Mary often gets up at seven o’clock.3.)Mr.Li cooks supper every evening.4.)How does he go to school?----He goes to school on foot.5.)Does he go to school on Saturday?---Yes, he does.(第三人稱單數(shù)一般疑問句句前是does,句中的動詞要用原形。)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則(與名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則一樣):
1)直接在動詞后面加“s”。2)以“s、x、sh、ch”結(jié)尾的單詞,在動詞后面加“es”。wash---washeswatch---watchesfish---fishes 3)以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的單詞,把y改i再加es。carry---carriesstudy---studiesfly---flies 4)go 和do 的第三人稱單數(shù)是goes 和does 敘述的人或事物不是第三人稱單數(shù)行為動詞要用原形。
7、例句 I usually go to school on foot.We play football every Sunday afternoon.What do they do on Sundays?---They play chess.一般現(xiàn)在時:
肯定句:主語+do,主語第三人稱單數(shù)+ does否定句:主語+don't+do主語第三人稱單數(shù)+doesn't+do
疑問句:Do+主語+do? Does+主語第三人稱單數(shù)+do?
usually, sometimes, often, seldom, never, every day
1.直接加s,es,2.某些y-i加s,es
三:一般過去時:
1、概念:一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時間狀態(tài)連用,2.時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…)3.基本結(jié)構(gòu): ① was/were +形容詞;例:I was a student in 1989
②行為動詞(動詞原形變過去式)例:I played baskedball yesterday afternoon
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。
6.動詞過去式的變化:
①規(guī)則動詞的變化:
一般動詞+ed例:plant-planted,climb-climbed
以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾+d例:like-liked
輔音字母加y結(jié)尾變y為i+ed例:study-studied, cry-cried 重讀閉音節(jié)單詞,末尾只有一個輔音字母,雙寫最后一個字母+ed例:stop-stopped,plan-planned
一般過去時
肯定句:動詞用過去式否定句:didn't + 動原疑問句:Did+動原 before, ago, this morning, yesterday, last...過去時要注意的問題:
1.有did, didn't就沒有 was, were, wasn't, weren't
2.was, were, wasn't, weren't 是表示過去的狀態(tài)或場所不會出現(xiàn)did, didn't
I was at home yesterday.You weren't at school yesterday.They were strong before.動詞過去式變化:
1.直接加
2.有e加d
3.輔音y-i加ed
4.雙寫加ed
5.特殊變化
肯定句: I visited my grandparents last weekend.I usually played with my friends last year.I was busy last weekend.They were sad yesterday.否定句: I didn’t visit my grandparents last weekend.I wasn’t busy last weekend.They were not sad yesterday.一般疑問句:
Did you visit you grandparents last weekend?Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t.Were you busy last weekend?Yes, I was./ No, I was’t.Yes, we were./ No, we weren’t.特殊疑問句:
What did you do yesterday?I played football.Where did Mike go last weekend?He went to the library.How did you go there?I went by bus.Where were you yesterday?I was at home.四:一般將來時:
1、概念:敘述將要發(fā)生的事情或打算。表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。
2.時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu): ①am/is/are/going to + do;結(jié)構(gòu)是be going to+動詞原形。如果所接的動詞原形剛好是go或come,可把to go 和to come 去掉。例:I am going to go to school this afternoon= I am going to school this afternoon ②will + do.4.否定形式:①am/is/are/going to +not+ do;②will + not;在行為動詞前加will not,同時還原行為動詞。5.一般疑問句:be放于句首;will提到句首。1.)What are you going to do tomorrow?---I am going to visit my grandparents.What will you do tomorrow?---I will visit my grandparents.2.)Are they going to sweep the floor tonight?---Yes, they are.will they sweep the floor tonight?---Yes, they will.3.)Where is Sarah going(to go)next week?---She’s going(to go)the park.Where will Sarah go next week?---She will go the park.一般將來時:
1.be going to + do
2.will + do
肯定句:will/be going to + do
否定句:will not/be not going to + do
疑問句:Will + 主語 + do?
Be + 主語 + going to do?
tomorrownext...this afternoonthe day after tomorrowsoon
第四篇:小學英語四種時態(tài)總結(jié)
小學英語四種時態(tài)總結(jié)
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時。主要描述經(jīng)常會發(fā)生的動作、狀態(tài)或不變的真理。句末常出現(xiàn)every day/week/year/Monday , in the morning, 句中常有always, usually, often, sometimes 組成:主語+be+名詞(形容詞)
I am a student.He is tall.否定句:在be 后加not
I am not a student.He is not tall.疑問句:be 動詞提前到第一位。
Are you a student?
Is he tall?
Yes, I am./ No, I am not.Yes, he is./ No, he isn’t.主語+動詞+地點+時間
We go to school on Monday.He goes to the park on Sunday.否定句:主語+don’t/doesn’t’t+動詞原形+地點+時間
We don’t go to school on Monday.He doesn’t’t go to the park on Sunday.疑問句:在句首加do或does
Do you go to school on Monday? Yes, we do./ No, we don’t.Does he go to the park on Sunday? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t’t.動詞單三變化:1.在原單詞末尾加s , 如:like – likes
2.單詞以o, sh, ch, s, x 結(jié)尾加es, 如:go – goes
3.單詞末尾為輔音+y結(jié)尾去y加ies 如:study-studies 2.現(xiàn)在進行時:主要敘述正在發(fā)生的事情。句末常出現(xiàn)now, 句首常出現(xiàn)look, listen 組成:主語+be +動詞ing形式
I am reading English.They are swimming.He is playing football.否定句:在be后加not I am not reading English.They are not swimming.He is not playing football.疑問句:將be 放到第一位。
Are you reading English? Yes, I am./ No, I am not.Are they swimming?
Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.Is he playing football?
Yes, he is./ No, he isn’t.動詞變ing形式:1.在動詞末尾加ing.如:play-playing
2.末尾有e 要去e加ing.如:ride – riding 3.末尾以輔音元音輔音結(jié)尾 雙寫末尾一個輔音如:swim-swimming 3.一般將來時。主要描述將來要發(fā)生的事情。句末常出現(xiàn)next Monday/week/ year, tomorrow
組成:主語+be going to +動詞原形
I am going to visit Ann.They are going to draw a dog.She is going to ride a horse.否定句:在be后加not
I am not going to visit Ann.They are not going to draw a dog.She is going to ride a horse.疑問句:將be提前
Are you going to visit Ann?
Yes, I am./ No, I am not.Are they going to draw a dog?
Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.Is she going to ride a horse?
Yes, she is./ No, she isn’t.組成:主語+will+動詞原形
I will go to the library.They will clean the house.She will eat breakfast at home.否定句:在will 后加not 或?qū)ill not 寫為won’t
I will not go to the library.They will not clean the house.She will mot eat breakfast at home.疑問句:將will 提前
Will you go to the library? Yes, I will./ No, I won’t.Will they clean the house?
Yes, they will./ No, they won’t.Will she eat breakfast at home?
Yes, she will./No, she won’t.4.一般過去時:主要描述過去發(fā)生的事情.句末常出現(xiàn)last night/week/Monday/year, yesterday, ago 組成:主語+動詞過去式
I was a pilot.They were busy.He went to the market.否定句:在be后加not 在普通動詞前加didn’t 動詞恢復(fù)原形。I was not a pilot.They were not busy.He didn’t go to the market.疑問句:提前be 動詞或在句前加did
Were you a pilot? Yes, I was./ No, I wasn’t.Were they busy?
Yes, they were./ No, they weren’t.Did they go to the market? Yes, they did./ No, they didn’t.動詞變過去式:1.在原次末尾加ed 或d 如:play-played like-liked
2.輔音加y 結(jié)尾去y加ied 如:study-studied
3.輔音元音輔音結(jié)尾雙寫最后一個字母加ed 如:stop-stopped
特殊變化:can-could do-did eat-ate go-went hit-hit pit-put sit-sat come-came
get-got
have-had see-saw begin-began
give-gave win-won read-read am/is-was are-were run-ran hear-heard hide-hid
lay-laid cut-cut
wake-woke fall-fell 連系動詞be是am, is, are三者的原形,一般不直接出現(xiàn)在句子中,而是以am, is, are的形式出現(xiàn)。它們各有分工,而且隨著主語的人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化。am最專一,始終跟著I轉(zhuǎn);are 跟you, we及表復(fù)數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞連用;is的交際最廣泛,is與“他、她、它”形影不離,至于名詞單數(shù),指示代詞(this/that)都與is結(jié)下不解之緣。
第五篇:英語時態(tài)總結(jié)
英語時態(tài)總結(jié)
時態(tài)(Tense)是表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此,當我們說時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時候,指的是相應(yīng)時態(tài)下的動詞形式。
英語時態(tài)分為16種:一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時,以及這四者的進行時、完成時和完成進行時。在這里,我們重點講解一下最常見的11種時態(tài)的用法和注意事項。
1.一般現(xiàn)在時:小學就開始學這個,大家都會吧,有幾點強調(diào)一下我們就走。
A)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。If it is not too much trouble, I would like a cup of tea.B)習慣用語:這個要在平時自己積累,因為習語太多,我不做過多解釋。
Ie: Believe it or not, his discovery had created a stir in scientific circles.口語中常說believe it or not,意思是:“信不信由你”,“我說的是真的”。believe it or not是一個固定說法,相當一個插入語,短語中的believe沒有詞形變化。這點要注意,以后會教你們動名詞的用法,到時候會牽涉到主語的問題。
C)經(jīng)常性、習慣性動作。
Ie:He always helps others.(他總是幫助別人。)
D)客觀事實和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時,則無法保持主句、從句時態(tài)一致.ex: He said that the sun rises in the east.這個句子要注意,到了以后的定語從句經(jīng)常會有這樣的問題,具體細節(jié)到 時候在說,不過你們要先有這樣的概念:客觀事實無論謂語的時態(tài)是什么都用一般現(xiàn)在時。
E)表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作,(僅限于某些表示“來、去、動、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動詞)可以與表示未來時間的狀語搭配使用。常見的用法是:飛機、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點運行的交通方式。
ex: When does the plan leave?這個句子注意一下,就是這么用的,有人會注意到這樣的問題: The plane leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.為什么不用將來時,對了,很奇怪,但就是這么用的。
F)在時間和條件狀語從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在(有時也用現(xiàn)在完成時)表示將來事情。
Ie: When you finish the report, I will have waited for 3 hours.(完成時,往下看會出現(xiàn))
2.現(xiàn)在進行時(be doing)的用法:上了初一就教這個吧,比一般現(xiàn)在還簡單。表示現(xiàn)在正在做的動作,但要注意有的動詞不能用于進行時,這類詞稱為短暫性動詞,如,open, borrow等等,在完成時態(tài)常常會碰到,平時要注意積累。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(have done):重要考點,初二以后幾乎都是完成時態(tài)。
A)表示動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。
ex: I have just finished my homework.B)表示從過去某時刻開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或情況,并且有可能會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動詞。時間狀語常用since加一個過去的時間點,或for 加一段時間,或by加一個現(xiàn)在時間。這里聯(lián)系進行時,他們都一樣,不能用短暫性動詞,★★★☆☆考點。
C)表示發(fā)生在過去,但對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作或情況。通常用點動詞,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例:John has broken his left leg.(約翰摔斷了左腿。)
注意:
A)現(xiàn)在完成時是聯(lián)系過去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶。現(xiàn)在完成時和過去時的區(qū)別在于:現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)動作的動態(tài),或受動態(tài)的影響,是動態(tài)的結(jié)果,對現(xiàn)在有影響;過去時只表示過去的某個具體時間里發(fā)生的動作,與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。
例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個過去的事實,他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。)
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過去開始工作,一直工作到現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。)
B)因為含有for加一段時間或since加一個時間點這樣的時間狀語的完成時,有動態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點,所以不能使用終端動詞或瞬間動詞。
例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(過去分詞做表語表示狀態(tài),可以延續(xù))
My sister has married.Don't disturb her.(終端動詞)
C)在“this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……”句型里要求用完成時。
例: This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國際展覽會。)
D)句型“It is/ has been……since”所使用的兩種時態(tài)都正確。
例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(從我上次見到他以來已經(jīng)10年了。)
E)在“no sooner than”、“hardly/ scarcely ……when”、“before”、“prior to”(在……之前)等句型中,主句要求完成時。
例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我從未見過那位教授。)
4.現(xiàn)在完成進行時(have been doing):和現(xiàn)在進行時很像
1)用法:表示某一動作開始于過去某一時間,延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今,或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。
例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前為止,我們一直在處理那個項目,已經(jīng)花了一個多月時間了。)
2)注意事項:與現(xiàn)在完成時相比,現(xiàn)在完成進行時更強調(diào):在從過去到現(xiàn)在的時間里,動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
5.一般過去時
A)表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。
ex:I went to Beijing last year.B)表示過去習慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達的句型,本身表示的就是過去時。
ex: I used to live here.(注意used to 和be used to 的區(qū)別,used to表過去常常,be used to 表示習慣于,前者to是不定式符號,后者則是介詞,后接名詞、動名詞、代詞)
C)有時可代替一般現(xiàn)在時,表達一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。
ex: Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在這里嗎?)
Could you pass me the pen?
注意:
A)注意時間狀語的搭配。一般過去時的時間狀語應(yīng)該是表示過去某個時間的詞或詞組,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,絕對不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用,因為這樣的時 間狀語都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時。注意,到了初二將會是★★★★☆考點,不會不行,逃不了的,幾乎每次都考。
B)used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別:你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對。
6.過去完成時(had done)
用法:表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說的:表示“過去的過去的動作或狀態(tài)”。
畫一條時間軸過去完成__●_一般過去_◇_一般現(xiàn)在___○______
2)注意事項:“過去的過去”這種邏輯關(guān)系常通過上下文體現(xiàn)出來,而不一定受某個時間狀語的限制。ex: There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.7.過去將來時(would/ should do)表示從過去的某個時間看將要發(fā)生的事。其實和將來時沒什么區(qū)別啦。ex: I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.賓從、直引經(jīng)常碰到這樣的例子,注意。
8.過去進行時(was/ were doing)
A)表示在過去一個比較具體的時間正在發(fā)生的動作。
ex: I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.B)如果when, while這樣的時間狀語引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過去時,則另一個句子常用過去進行時。
ex: I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.9.一般將來時
A)基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do。古英語認為will用于第二、三人稱,shall用于第一人稱,但后來沒做硬性規(guī)定,will比較常用。I will be home at 10.B)有些動詞,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般進行時,并且通常與一個表示將來時間的時間狀語連用,可以表示將來時。初一接觸比較 多的是be going to,后面的包括will/shall到了后來才出現(xiàn),其他如sleep很少見,初中階段我?guī)缀鯖]見過sleep這么用的,leave, come, arrive也常見
ex: My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.C)表示“即將、正要”時,可用be about to do。強調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事,后常與when連用。ex: I was about to speak when you interrupted me.D)“be to do”的5種用法:
a)表示“按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你準會在實驗室見到她。)
b)該做或不該做的事情(語氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語氣。例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子們,你們必須 上床睡覺,不準吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。)
c)能或不能發(fā)生的事情(接近can, may)
例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢?)
d)不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情,后來將要發(fā)生的事情。
例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attended B.will be attended to
C.is attended D.is attended to
will be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點是:attend表示“處理,解決”時是不及物動詞,必須與to連用。另外,從上下文看,事情顯然尚未解決,所以應(yīng)該用將來時的被動語態(tài)。答案是B。
E)同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.注意:
在 以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless 等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞(immediately, the moment, directly)等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,一般用現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。強調(diào) 延續(xù)性或動態(tài)時,可用完成時。
例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回來的時候,他的身體已經(jīng)好多了。)
10.將來進行時(will be doing)調(diào)在將來的某個具體時間正在發(fā)生的動作或事情。
ex: Don't worry, you won't miss her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.11.將來完成時(will have done)表示從將來的某一時間開始、延續(xù)到另一個將來時間的動作或狀態(tài),或是發(fā)生在某個將來時間,但對其后的另一個 將來時間有影響的動作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時平移到時間軸的將來時時段一樣。其用法從和過去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān),變成了和將來及將來的將來有關(guān)。
ex: It is reported that by the end of this century the people of Chinese will have increased by 2 billion.