第一篇:英語時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。
2.時(shí)間狀語: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…),on Sundays,3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):動(dòng)詞 原形(如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)
4.否定形式:主語+am/is/are +not+其他;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don't, 如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
5.一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。
6.例句:.It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words..[編輯本段]
二、一般過去時(shí)
1.概念:過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。
2.時(shí)間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):be動(dòng)詞;行為動(dòng)詞 的過去式
4.否定形式:主語+was/were +not+其他;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
5.一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did 提問,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.I didn't know you were so busy.[編輯本段]
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。
2.時(shí)間狀語:Now, at this time, days, etc.look.listen
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be +doing +其他
4.否定形式:主語+be +not +doing+其他
5.一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.[編輯本段]
四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念:表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。
2.時(shí)間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等。
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+was/were +doing +其他
4.否定形式:主語+was/were + not +doing+其他
5.一般疑問句:把was或were放于句首。(第一個(gè)字母大寫)
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.[編輯本段]
五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.概念:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2.時(shí)間狀語:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+have/has +p.p(過去分詞)+其他
4.否定形式:主語+have/has + not +p.p(過去分詞)+其他
5.一般疑問句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.[編輯本段]
六、過去完成時(shí)
1.概念:以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”。
2.時(shí)間狀語:Before, by the end of last year(term, month…), etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had + p.p(過去分詞)+其他
4.否定形式:主語+had + not +p.p(過去分詞)+其他
5.一般疑問句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month.We had reviewed four books
基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had+p.p(過去分詞)+其他
①肯定句:主語+ had+p.p(過去分詞)+其他
②否定句:主語+ had+ not+p.p(過去分詞)+其他
③一般疑問句:Had+主語+p.p(過去分詞)+其他
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句
[編輯本段]
七、一般將來時(shí)
1.概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
2.時(shí)間狀語:Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+am/is/are +going to + do+其他;主語+will/shall + do+其他
4.否定形式:主語+am/is/are not going to do ;主語+will/shall not do+其他
5.一般疑問句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.[編輯本段]
八、過去將來時(shí)
1.概念:立足于過去某一時(shí)刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。
2.時(shí)間狀語:The next day(morning, year…),the following
month(week…),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+was/were +going to + do+其他;主語+would/should + do+其他
4.否定形式:主語+was/were/not + going to + do;主語+would/should + not + do.5.一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.I asked who was going there.[編輯本段]
九、將來完成時(shí)
1.概念:在將來某一時(shí)刻之前開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
2.時(shí)間狀語:by the time of;by the end of+時(shí)間短語(將來);by the time+從句(將來)
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p(過去分詞)+其他4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.[編輯本段]
十、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念:表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這一動(dòng)作可能剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續(xù),并可能延續(xù)到將來。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+have/has +been +doing+其他
3.時(shí)間狀語:since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段等。
4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.[編輯本段]
十一、一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達(dá)方式:①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過去時(shí)的句型中;②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語,與一段時(shí)間連用;③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過去時(shí)”的句型中,表示“自從……以來有……時(shí)間”的意思,主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看:
A.He joined the League two years ago.B.He has been in the League for two years.C.It is two years since he joined the League.D.Two years has passed since he joined the League.[編輯本段]
十二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”,如at work(在工作), at school(上學(xué)、上課)等。此短語可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing.[編輯本段]
十三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:I am coming, Mum!意為“我就來,媽媽!”請(qǐng)看:
The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.
第二篇:英語時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)(完整)
英語共有十六個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)、四個(gè)體。(注:四個(gè)體為——一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行。)
英語中的四個(gè)體相當(dāng)于法語、西班牙語以及所有印歐語系羅曼語族中的式,如:直陳式,命令式等。
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
基本形式(以do為例):
第三人稱單數(shù):does(主語為非第三人稱單數(shù));
肯定句:主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他;
He works for us.否定句:主語+don?t/doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他;
He doesn't work for us.一般疑問句:Do/Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。
肯定回答:Yes,(+ 主語+do/does).
否定回答:No,(+主語+don't/doesn't.)
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句語
Does he work for us?
Yes, he does.No, he doesn't
What does he do for us?
He works for us.(2)一般過去時(shí)
be動(dòng)詞+行為動(dòng)詞的過去式
否定句式:在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn?t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞,或was/were+not;was或were放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞例如: Did he work for us?
He didn't work for us.He worked for us.(3)一般將來時(shí)
am/are/is+going to+do 或
will/shall+do
am/is/are/about to + do
am/is/are to + do;
一般將來時(shí)的表達(dá)方法
be going to +動(dòng)詞原形
be +不定式,be to+動(dòng)詞原形,be about to +動(dòng)詞原形
be able to +不定式
be about to+動(dòng)詞原形
will + 動(dòng)詞原形;
例如:He is going to work for us.He will work for us;
He is coming.這是特殊的用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表達(dá) 將來時(shí)態(tài) 的例子!
(4)過去將來時(shí)
be(was,were)going to+動(dòng)詞原形
be(was,were)about to+動(dòng)詞原形
be(was,were)to+動(dòng)詞原形
肯定句:主語+be(was,were)going to+動(dòng)詞原形~.否定句:主語+be(was,were)not going to+動(dòng)詞原形~.疑問句:Be(Was,Were)+主語+going to+動(dòng)詞原形~?
肯定句:主語+would(should)+動(dòng)詞原形~.否定句:主語+would(should)not+動(dòng)詞原形~.疑問句:Would(Should)+主語+動(dòng)詞原形~?
He would work for us.(5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
主語+be+v.ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式(其中v表示動(dòng)詞)
表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或最近在做的事。
例如:I am buying a book.第一人稱+am+doing+sth
第二人稱+are+doing +sth(doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)
第三人稱+is+doing+sth
例:He is working.(6)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
肯定句:主語+was/were+doing+其它
否定句:主語+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑問句及答語:Was/Were+主語+doing+其它 ;答語:Yes,I主語+was/were./No,I主語+wasn't/weren't.特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+doing+其它
He was working when he was alive.(7)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
主語+will + be +現(xiàn)在分詞
He will be working for us.=He will work for us.(8)過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
should(would)+be+現(xiàn)在分詞
He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.(9)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+have/has+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句:主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他
②否定句:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他
③一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他He has worked for us for ten years.Has he worked for us for ten years.(10)過去完成時(shí)
基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞+其他
②否定句:主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他
③一般疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主語+had
否定回答:No,主語+hadn't
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(had+主語+過去分詞+其他)語法判定:
(1)by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.(2)by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.(3)before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.(11)將來完成時(shí)
(shall)will+have+動(dòng)詞過去分詞
before+將來時(shí)間或by+將來時(shí)間
before或by the time引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句
He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.(12)過去將來完成時(shí)
should / would have done sth.He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.(13)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
基本與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相同,但是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)只能表示仍然持續(xù)的概念have/has been +-ing 分詞
He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.(14)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
had been +-ing 分詞
He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.(15)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
主語+ shall/will have been doing
He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.翻譯為:他最近一直在為我們工作(過去在工作,現(xiàn)在在工作,將來還會(huì)工作)
(16)過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
should+have been+現(xiàn)在分詞用于第一人稱
would have been+現(xiàn)在分詞用于其他人稱
He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.舉例:
英語中有12個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài),都來自于三時(shí)(過去、現(xiàn)在、將來)
現(xiàn)在以I listen為例,舉例英語中有12個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)如下所示:
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):I listen
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):I am listening
過去進(jìn)行時(shí):I was listening
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):I have listened
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):I have been listening
一般將來時(shí):I shall listen”或“I will listen.”
將來進(jìn)行時(shí):I shall be listening
一般過去時(shí):I listened
過去完成時(shí):I had listened
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):I had been listening
將來完成時(shí): I shall have listened
將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí): I shall have been listening
英語中不存在屬格
一個(gè)普遍的誤解是在英語中只存在一個(gè)以“'s”結(jié)尾表示所屬的屬格。然而,語言學(xué)家已經(jīng)表明英語的所有格完全不是一個(gè)格,而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的詞并且在書寫和發(fā)音上都不是前一個(gè)詞的一部分,這可以有下面這個(gè)句子表明:The King of Sparta's wife was called Helen.(斯巴達(dá)國王的妻子叫做海倫。)如果“'s”是屬格,那么“妻子”(wife)就屬于“斯巴達(dá)”(Sparta),但是“'s”并不是只表示“斯巴達(dá)”(Sparta),而是表示“斯巴達(dá)國王”(King of Sparta)。
上面這個(gè)例子并不表明英語沒有自己的屬格;但是它現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為另一個(gè)形式。在古英語中,ban的屬格形式是banes。后來在現(xiàn)代英語中,這個(gè)發(fā)展成為了使用“'s”表示的“bone's”。在18世紀(jì),人們對(duì)此的解釋是省略號(hào)代替了一個(gè)屬格代詞,就像“the King's horse”是“the King, his horse”的縮寫。但是這個(gè)解釋是不正確的。人們更相信是省略號(hào)代替了古英語中的“e”。
英語和“與格”
在現(xiàn)代英語中,與格不再是英語語法的一部分,它只出現(xiàn)在一些表達(dá)用語中。一個(gè)很好的例子是單詞methinks(據(jù)我看來)。它來源于古英語的與格形式變化:me(與格的人稱代詞)+thinks(to seem,與動(dòng)詞詞組to think很接近的一個(gè)詞組)。與格在英語中可以不要前置詞,例如在“He built me a snowman.”中一樣。在這個(gè)例子中,“me”是與格。
英語中不可把被動(dòng)語態(tài)作為一種時(shí)態(tài)
在部分英語教材中,由于編者自身對(duì)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的理解或其他原因,錯(cuò)誤的將被動(dòng)語態(tài)當(dāng)成一種時(shí)態(tài),但其實(shí),被動(dòng)語態(tài)是一種語態(tài),不可能當(dāng)作時(shí)態(tài)。在英國,這是一個(gè)常識(shí)。因此,在英國,如果有人犯了這種錯(cuò)誤,簡直是貽笑大方。
第三篇:英語時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)
★★★ 英語時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié) ★★★
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(do);
2.一般過去時(shí)(did);
3.一般將來時(shí)(will do)(be going to do);
4.一般過去將來時(shí)(would do);
5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing);
6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/were doing);
7.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)(will be doing);
8.過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)(would be doing)(was/were going to do);
9.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done);
10.過去完成時(shí)(had done);
11.將來完成時(shí)(will have done);
12.過去將來完成時(shí)(would have done);
13.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have been doing);
14.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(had been doing);
15.將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(will have been doing);
16.過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(would have been doing)
第四篇:英語時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)
英語時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)
時(shí)態(tài)(Tense)是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。因此,當(dāng)我們說時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候,指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。
英語時(shí)態(tài)分為16種:一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時(shí),以及這四者的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。在這里,我們重點(diǎn)講解一下最常見的11種時(shí)態(tài)的用法和注意事項(xiàng)。
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):小學(xué)就開始學(xué)這個(gè),大家都會(huì)吧,有幾點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)一下我們就走。
A)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。If it is not too much trouble, I would like a cup of tea.B)習(xí)慣用語:這個(gè)要在平時(shí)自己積累,因?yàn)榱?xí)語太多,我不做過多解釋。
Ie: Believe it or not, his discovery had created a stir in scientific circles.口語中常說believe it or not,意思是:“信不信由你”,“我說的是真的”。believe it or not是一個(gè)固定說法,相當(dāng)一個(gè)插入語,短語中的believe沒有詞形變化。這點(diǎn)要注意,以后會(huì)教你們動(dòng)名詞的用法,到時(shí)候會(huì)牽涉到主語的問題。
C)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。
Ie:He always helps others.(他總是幫助別人。)
D)客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),則無法保持主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致.ex: He said that the sun rises in the east.這個(gè)句子要注意,到了以后的定語從句經(jīng)常會(huì)有這樣的問題,具體細(xì)節(jié)到 時(shí)候在說,不過你們要先有這樣的概念:客觀事實(shí)無論謂語的時(shí)態(tài)是什么都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
E)表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,(僅限于某些表示“來、去、動(dòng)、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞)可以與表示未來時(shí)間的狀語搭配使用。常見的用法是:飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。
ex: When does the plan leave?這個(gè)句子注意一下,就是這么用的,有人會(huì)注意到這樣的問題: The plane leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.為什么不用將來時(shí),對(duì)了,很奇怪,但就是這么用的。
F)在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在(有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))表示將來事情。
Ie: When you finish the report, I will have waited for 3 hours.(完成時(shí),往下看會(huì)出現(xiàn))
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)的用法:上了初一就教這個(gè)吧,比一般現(xiàn)在還簡單。表示現(xiàn)在正在做的動(dòng)作,但要注意有的動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí),這類詞稱為短暫性動(dòng)詞,如,open, borrow等等,在完成時(shí)態(tài)常常會(huì)碰到,平時(shí)要注意積累。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done):重要考點(diǎn),初二以后幾乎都是完成時(shí)態(tài)。
A)表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。
ex: I have just finished my homework.B)表示從過去某時(shí)刻開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況,并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語常用since加一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),或for 加一段時(shí)間,或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。這里聯(lián)系進(jìn)行時(shí),他們都一樣,不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞,★★★☆☆考點(diǎn)。
C)表示發(fā)生在過去,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或情況。通常用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例:John has broken his left leg.(約翰摔斷了左腿。)
注意:
A)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去時(shí)的區(qū)別在于:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài),或受動(dòng)態(tài)的影響,是動(dòng)態(tài)的結(jié)果,對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響;過去時(shí)只表示過去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。
例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個(gè)過去的事實(shí),他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。)
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過去開始工作,一直工作到現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。)
B)因?yàn)楹衒or加一段時(shí)間或since加一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)這樣的時(shí)間狀語的完成時(shí),有動(dòng)態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn),所以不能使用終端動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞。
例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(過去分詞做表語表示狀態(tài),可以延續(xù))
My sister has married.Don't disturb her.(終端動(dòng)詞)
C)在“this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……”句型里要求用完成時(shí)。
例: This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國際展覽會(huì)。)
D)句型“It is/ has been……since”所使用的兩種時(shí)態(tài)都正確。
例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(從我上次見到他以來已經(jīng)10年了。)
E)在“no sooner than”、“hardly/ scarcely ……when”、“before”、“prior to”(在……之前)等句型中,主句要求完成時(shí)。
例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我從未見過那位教授。)
4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have been doing):和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)很像
1)用法:表示某一動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)間,延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今,或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。
例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前為止,我們一直在處理那個(gè)項(xiàng)目,已經(jīng)花了一個(gè)多月時(shí)間了。)
2)注意事項(xiàng):與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào):在從過去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間里,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
5.一般過去時(shí)
A)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。
ex:I went to Beijing last year.B)表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型,本身表示的就是過去時(shí)。
ex: I used to live here.(注意used to 和be used to 的區(qū)別,used to表過去常常,be used to 表示習(xí)慣于,前者to是不定式符號(hào),后者則是介詞,后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞、代詞)
C)有時(shí)可代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。
ex: Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在這里嗎?)
Could you pass me the pen?
注意:
A)注意時(shí)間狀語的搭配。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語應(yīng)該是表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間的詞或詞組,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,絕對(duì)不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用,因?yàn)檫@樣的時(shí) 間狀語都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。注意,到了初二將會(huì)是★★★★☆考點(diǎn),不會(huì)不行,逃不了的,幾乎每次都考。
B)used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別:你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對(duì)。
6.過去完成時(shí)(had done)
用法:表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說的:表示“過去的過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)”。
畫一條時(shí)間軸過去完成__●_一般過去_◇_一般現(xiàn)在___○______
2)注意事項(xiàng):“過去的過去”這種邏輯關(guān)系常通過上下文體現(xiàn)出來,而不一定受某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語的限制。ex: There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.7.過去將來時(shí)(would/ should do)表示從過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事。其實(shí)和將來時(shí)沒什么區(qū)別啦。ex: I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.賓從、直引經(jīng)常碰到這樣的例子,注意。
8.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/ were doing)
A)表示在過去一個(gè)比較具體的時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
ex: I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.B)如果when, while這樣的時(shí)間狀語引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過去時(shí),則另一個(gè)句子常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
ex: I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.9.一般將來時(shí)
A)基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do。古英語認(rèn)為will用于第二、三人稱,shall用于第一人稱,但后來沒做硬性規(guī)定,will比較常用。I will be home at 10.B)有些動(dòng)詞,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般進(jìn)行時(shí),并且通常與一個(gè)表示將來時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用,可以表示將來時(shí)。初一接觸比較 多的是be going to,后面的包括will/shall到了后來才出現(xiàn),其他如sleep很少見,初中階段我?guī)缀鯖]見過sleep這么用的,leave, come, arrive也常見
ex: My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.C)表示“即將、正要”時(shí),可用be about to do。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事,后常與when連用。ex: I was about to speak when you interrupted me.D)“be to do”的5種用法:
a)表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見到她。)
b)該做或不該做的事情(語氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語氣。例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子們,你們必須 上床睡覺,不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。)
c)能或不能發(fā)生的事情(接近c(diǎn)an, may)
例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢?)
d)不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情,后來將要發(fā)生的事情。
例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attended B.will be attended to
C.is attended D.is attended to
will be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是:attend表示“處理,解決”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞,必須與to連用。另外,從上下文看,事情顯然尚未解決,所以應(yīng)該用將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案是B。
E)同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.注意:
在 以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless 等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞(immediately, the moment, directly)等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。強(qiáng)調(diào) 延續(xù)性或動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí),可用完成時(shí)。
例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回來的時(shí)候,他的身體已經(jīng)好多了。)
10.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)(will be doing)調(diào)在將來的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。
ex: Don't worry, you won't miss her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.11.將來完成時(shí)(will have done)表示從將來的某一時(shí)間開始、延續(xù)到另一個(gè)將來時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),或是發(fā)生在某個(gè)將來時(shí)間,但對(duì)其后的另一個(gè) 將來時(shí)間有影響的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)平移到時(shí)間軸的將來時(shí)時(shí)段一樣。其用法從和過去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān),變成了和將來及將來的將來有關(guān)。
ex: It is reported that by the end of this century the people of Chinese will have increased by 2 billion.
第五篇:英語各種時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)
英語各種時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)
時(shí)態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。
2.時(shí)間狀語: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):動(dòng)詞 原形(如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
5.一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。
6.例句:.It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words..時(shí)態(tài)
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。
2.時(shí)間狀語:now, at this time, days, etc.look.listen
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):be+doing
4.否定形式:be+not+doing.5.一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.時(shí)態(tài)
五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.概念:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2.時(shí)間狀語:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):have/has + done
4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.5.一般疑問句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.時(shí)態(tài)七、一般將來時(shí)
1.概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
2.時(shí)間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+am/is/are+going to + do;will/shall + do.4.否定形式:am/is/are not going to do ;will/shall not do。
5.一般疑問句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.時(shí)態(tài)
九、將來完成時(shí)
1.概念:在將來某一時(shí)刻之前開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
2.時(shí)間狀語:by the time of;by the end of+時(shí)間短語(將來);by the time+從句(將來)
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):be going to/will/shall + have done
4例句:By the time you get back,great changes will have taken place in this area.時(shí)態(tài)十一、一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達(dá)方式:①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過去時(shí)的句型中;②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語,與一段時(shí)間連用;③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過去時(shí)”的句型中,表示“自從……以來有……時(shí)間”的意思,主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看:
A.He joined the League two years ago.B.He has been in the League for two years.C.It is two years since he joined the League.D.Two years has passed since he joined the League.時(shí)態(tài)
十三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:I am coming, Mum!意為“我就來,媽媽!”請(qǐng)看:
The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.時(shí)態(tài)十六種時(shí)態(tài)
所謂“時(shí)”就是行為發(fā)生的時(shí)段或狀態(tài)存在的時(shí)段,即:現(xiàn)在、過去、將來和過去將來四種;所謂“態(tài)”就是行為或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)說呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài),有一般狀態(tài)、進(jìn)行狀態(tài)、完成狀態(tài)或完成進(jìn)行狀態(tài)四種。由時(shí)和態(tài)結(jié)合,便形成下列十六種時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過去時(shí),一般將來時(shí),一般過去將來時(shí);
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),將來進(jìn)行時(shí),過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí);
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),過去完成時(shí),將來完成時(shí),過去將來完成時(shí);
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí),將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí),過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)