第一篇：動名詞的用法解析及四級真題及答案

動名詞在句中起名詞的作用，可以充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語(動詞賓語或介詞賓語)，動名詞的用法解析及四級真題實例分析。它可以有自己的定語、賓語或狀語。

1)動名詞作主語

Seeing is believing.Talking mends no holes.Taking a cold shower every morning does him a lot good.____in an atmosphere of simply living was what her parents wished for.(CET-4 1999,1)

A)The girl to be educated

B)The girl educated

C)The girl's being educated

D)The girl was educated

動名詞和不定式都可以做主語。不定式做主語表示具體的動作，動名詞做主語則可以表示抽象或一般性的動作或情況。根據(jù)句意，這個女孩在樸素的生活環(huán)境中接受教育是她的父母所希望的，接受教育不是具體的一次性動作，因此用動名詞，答案為C。當(dāng)動名詞做主語時，我們常用先行詞it作形式主語，而把真正的主語動名詞放到句尾，特別要注意如下結(jié)構(gòu)：It is useless(no use, no good, no harm)doing...It is a waste of time doing...It is worthwhile doing...【例如】

It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him.It is no good leaving today's work for tomorrow.2)動名詞作動詞賓語

動名詞作動詞賓語是大學(xué)英語四級考試的重要內(nèi)容，大學(xué)英語《動名詞的用法解析及四級真題實例分析》。

a)英語中有些動詞后面只能跟動名詞作它的賓語。這類動詞常見的有：admit, advice, anticipate, appreciate, avoid，consider, delay，deny，dislike, enjoy，escape，excuse, fancy，favor, finish，imagine，include , keep, mind，miss, postpone, practise，prevent , propose, resist, risk, suggest等。

【例如】

Mike often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.The doctor suggested that I avoid smoking and drinking for a month.Would you mind opening the window?The murderer denied killing the rich man.I would appreciate ____it a secret.(CET-4 1995,6)

A)your keeping B)you to keep

C)that you keep D)that you will keep

appreciate后面一般加動名詞做賓語，動名詞可以有自己的邏輯主語，因此答案為A。

That young guy still denies____the fire behind the store.(CET-4 2000,12)

A)to start B)shavingsstarted

C)start D)to have started

Deny后面加動名詞作賓語，而且引發(fā)火災(zāi)是在否認(rèn)這一動做之前，所以用動名詞的完成式，答案為B。

b)動名詞在demand, deserve, need, require, want等動詞后面作賓語時，表示被動的意

第二篇：2012年12月英語四級真題及答案解析

2012年12月英語四級真題答案解析

Part I Writing

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版：

The above bar chart clearly shows us education pays in 2010.We see that one with higher education background earns more money weekly than those with lower ones.For instance, the college students with no degree get paid$712 per week whereas those with a Bachelor’s degree can earn $1038.Several reasons, in my opinion, can be identified to account for this phenomenon.To begin with, compared with those with comparatively lower education degree, people who have received higher education possess considerably wider knowledge, more remarkable learning and research ability, greater innovation and most of all, resourceful social network, all of which are essential to a high-income work.Also, the higher one’s education degree is, the bigger platform he will have to show his ability.For example, his college, university, or research institute will organize various job fairs for them to communicate face to face with employers.This phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment.Therefore, substantial education investment should be strengthened while we, as college students, should study harder to build our country and strive for a better life for ourselves.高分版：

Education Pays

Judging from the table, we can see that people’s income increases along with their education levels.Above all，the average college graduates earn much more than the typical high-school graduates.The fact revealed by these data is obvious: a degree does bring distinctive financial benefits to its holders.But is it true that a degree alone can ensure a bright future? I don’t think so because, on the one hand, the financial value of high education depends heavily on what skills graduates can gain from it instead of the degree itself.After all, an employer only pays for your ability and performance, not for your certificate.On the other hand, the most valuable bless high education brings to graduates is the ability to learn quickly and efficiently.People received more education tend to keep lifelong learning habits after their graduation, which would help them gain more opportunities in their career path.In conclusion, what accounts for education pays is not the degree alone, but the graduate’s ability and leaning habit.作文B： 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版：

Education Pays

The above bar chart clearly shows us education pays in 2010.We see that unemployment rate of those with higher education background is much lower than those with lower education degree.For instance, the unemployment rate of college students with no degree is as high as 14.9% while that of those with doctoral degree is only 1.9%.The followingreason, in my opinion, is the most important one to account for this phenomenon.Compared with those with comparatively lower education degree, people who have received higher education possess considerably wider knowledge, more remarkable learning and research ability, greater innovation and most of all, resourceful social network, all of which make them more qualified and competent for their task.Thus, they are less likely to lose their jobs.This phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment.Therefore, education investment should be strengthened while we, as college students, should study harder to avoid unemployment.高分版：

Education Pays

As is shown in the table, the unemployment rate decreases steadily as the education level increases.The fact revealed by the statistics is obvious: graduates with a degree are less likely to be unemployed.What has brought about this effect? I believe there are three main reasons.To begin with, the education level is still the top factor that employers would take into account when selecting job candidates.It is believed that people with a college degree tend to be more intelligent and qualified.In addition, as a result of good learning habit formed during college, job hunters with high education background are also more efficient in acquiring and processing job hunting information.Finally, college education equips graduates with specialized skills, leading to greater attachment to the company they are employed and higher possibility to be reemployed even if they leave their previous company.In conclusion, it is the qualifications, learning habit and specialized skills that high education equip a graduate that make one distinctive in labor market.【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版點(diǎn)評】

這次四級作文出了圖表題，可能讓大家有些意外，但是四六級考察圖表作文已經(jīng)并不是第一次，早在2002年的時候就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過，是圖表+提綱的形式，圖表反應(yīng)的是大學(xué)生使用計算機(jī)的情況。由于備考時大家只是關(guān)注近幾年的題型，可能沒有關(guān)注到以往考察過圖表作文。

我們在備考作文的時候，一般會從以下幾個方面著手準(zhǔn)備，如何描述現(xiàn)象、如何分析原因、如何分析影響、如何給出解決措施、如何進(jìn)行觀點(diǎn)論戰(zhàn)等。其實，圖表作文也是從這幾個方面展開，只是將第一段的描述現(xiàn)象改為描述圖表即可。可見，無論是考察哪種作文題，我們都可以將它轉(zhuǎn)化為我們熟悉的提綱式。

這次作文題目有兩個版本。題目都是Educational Pays（教育回報），一個版本的圖表顯示的是教育水平越高，收入越高，另一個版本的圖表顯示的是教育水平越高，失業(yè)率越低。

雖然圖表描述的具體內(nèi)容不同，但主題是一致的：教育是值得投資的。寫作思路也是一致的。

兩篇范文都是采取三段式的描述方法。

第一段：描述圖表。先一句話引出圖表總體內(nèi)容The above bar chart clearly shows us ? 然后具體描述現(xiàn)象We see that?。最后用for instance引出一些具體數(shù)據(jù)來例證現(xiàn)象。

第二段：分析原因。先寫一個引出原因的句子，然后具體列舉一到兩個原因即可。由于字?jǐn)?shù)限制，原因不必列太多。

第三段：給出建議。先是總結(jié)這個現(xiàn)象This phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment.（教育值得投資）。然后是建議國家增大教育投資，以及個人要努力學(xué)習(xí)。

這種三段式的寫作模式容易掌握，在考場中比較實用，建議大家仿寫。

【高分版點(diǎn)評】

本次四級作文圍繞著同一個話題，education pay（教育回報），出現(xiàn)了兩個版本，一個是教育和失業(yè)率的關(guān)系，另一個是教育和收入的關(guān)系。就話題而言，命題難度并不高，選用的是貼近考生實際生活的熟悉話題。形式上則采取圖表作文的形式，圖表作文在四級考試中較少出現(xiàn)，很多考生可能剛拿到題目會束手無策，但是只要考生仔細(xì)閱讀題目，就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，除了需要簡單描述圖表之外，其寫作思路和話題作文非常類似。

寫好這篇作文，主要抓住三點(diǎn)：

首先，描述圖表內(nèi)容。對于柱狀圖，抓住橫抽和縱軸之間的關(guān)系，對數(shù)字的變化趨勢進(jìn)行總體描述即可。用詞不宜超過總字?jǐn)?shù)的1/3。

其次，要一句話揭示圖表背后的隱含意思，引入文章的立意。

最后，文章的立意可以采取兩種思路，保守的寫法是直接闡釋產(chǎn)生現(xiàn)象的原因，如寫失業(yè)率那篇范文；另一個則是，根據(jù)圖表上的結(jié)果，借題發(fā)揮，發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)，如寫收入的那篇范文。

Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)

1.B showmanship 細(xì)節(jié)題。這道題的答案對應(yīng)原文第一句話，從putting on a show 可以推出showmanship。

when it came to putting on a show, nobody else in the computer industry, or any other industry for that matter, could match Steve Jobs.題干與原文的匹配度比較高，仔細(xì)閱讀不難得出選擇是B

2.A

He invented lots of functional gadgets.細(xì)節(jié)題。原文第2段第2句話提到了喬布斯突出的三個方面，第三句話明確指出最后一個方面，也就是他在functional gadgets 上的貢獻(xiàn)對人們的生活影響最大，對比第二題的選項，應(yīng)選A

He stood out in three ways—as a technologist, as a corporate leader and as somebody who was able to make people love what had previously been impersonal, functional gadgets.Strangely, it is this last quality that may have the deepest effect on the way people live.3.B His keen interest in designing elegant and user-friendly gadgets.細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在第三段第二句，“obsessed with product design and aesthetics, and with making advanced technology simple to use”。講到喬布斯癡迷于產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計和美學(xué)上，以及使高科技簡單易用。所以選B

As a technologist, Mr Jobs was different because he was not an engineer—and that was his great strength.Instead he was obsessed with product design and aesthetics, and with making advanced technology simple to use.4.A

One of the greatest chief executives of his time.細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在第4段第一句話的后半句“many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time.”所以選A，其他的選項均不正確。

Within the wider business world, a man who liked to see himself as a hippy, permanently in revolt against big companies, ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time.5.D an inspiration

細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在第四段第三句話?！癷s an inspiration to any businessperson”。所以選D

His fall from grace in the 1980s, followed by his return to Apple in 1996 after a period in the wilderness, is an inspiration to any businessperson whose career has taken a turn for the worse.‘

6.C He commanded absolute loyalty from Apple users.細(xì)節(jié)題。由關(guān)鍵詞fanatical loyalty 定位到低段第一句話。所以喬布斯成功最令人震驚的地方在于它獲得了蘋果用戶的絕對忠誠。選C

But what was perhaps most astonishing about Mr Jobs was the fanatical loyalty he managed to inspire in customers.7.D It originates in the consumer market.細(xì)節(jié)題。由關(guān)鍵詞special report定位到第6段第一句，As our special report in this week's issue(printed before Mr Jobs's death)explains, innovation used to spill over from military and corporate laboratories to the consumer market, but lately this process has gone into reverse.Many people's homes now have more powerful, and more flexible, devices than their offices do;consumer gizmos and online services are smarter and easier to use than most companies' systems.過去創(chuàng)新是從部隊和公司實驗室再拓展到消費(fèi)者市場，現(xiàn)在的情況是反過來。所以選D

8.closed and inflexible

細(xì)節(jié)題。由關(guān)鍵詞 “critics complained”定位到第七段第一句，可知空格處應(yīng)填寫“closed and inflexible”。

Mr Jobs had a reputation as a control freak, and his critics complained that the products and systems he designed were closed and inflexible, in the name of greater ease of use.9.combined

細(xì)節(jié)題，由關(guān)鍵詞“Amazon”定位到原文第8段，所以空格處填combined。

At the recent unveiling of a tablet computer by Jeff Bezos of Amazon, whose company is doing the best job of following Apple's lead in combining hardware, software, content and services in an easy-to-use bundle，10.reshaping entire industries

細(xì)節(jié)題，由關(guān)鍵詞the magic of computing定位到原文最后一段，空格處填reshaping entire industries.But in the end he conjured up a reality of his own, channelling the magic of computing into products that reshaped entire industries.Part III Listening Comprehension

Section A 11.W: I just heard about a really beautiful park in the east end of the town.There are a lot of roses in bloom.M: Why don’t we walk over there and see for ourselves?

Q: What will the speakers probably do?

答案：C.Go to the park to enjoy the flowers.點(diǎn)評：對話中女士介紹了一處漂亮的公園，從男士的回答“為什么不去看看呢？”可以判斷，接下去兩人可能會去這個公園。see for 看見

12.M: My presentation is scheduled for 9:30 tomorrow morning at the lecture hall.I hope to see you there.W: Oh, sorry.I was about to tell you that I have an appointment with my dentist at 9:00 o’clock tomorrow.Q: What do we learn about the woman?

答案：C.She cannot attend the presentation.點(diǎn)評：從對話中可知，女士九點(diǎn)要去看牙醫(yī)，無法參加男士的講座了。

13.W: How long have you been running this company?

M: Twenty years if you can believe that.I brought it from a small operation to what it is today.Q: What do we learn about the man?

答案：B.He is a very successful businessman.點(diǎn)評：從對話中可知，男士經(jīng)營這家公司20年了，而且成功把公司從一家小公司發(fā)展到了現(xiàn)在較大的規(guī)模。run v.經(jīng)營，管理

14.M: Have you read the news on the campus net? Susan has won the scholarship for next year.W: I knew she would from the very beginning.Such a brilliant and diligent girl!She certainly deserves it.Q: What does the woman mean?

答案：D.She has every confidence in Susan.點(diǎn)評：從對話中可知，女士一直很看好Susan, 覺得她肯定能拿到獎學(xué)金。sb.deserves it.某人應(yīng)得的。

15.W: Taking a bus to Miami, it’s cheaper than going by train.M: That’s true.But I’d rather pay a little more for the added comfort and convenience.Q: What does the man mean?

答案：D.It is worth the money taking a train to Miami.點(diǎn)評：從對話中可知，坐車去邁阿密比火車便宜，但火車更舒適便捷。

16.M: I think it’s time we got rid of all this old furniture.W: You’re right.We need to promote our image besides it’s not a

real antique.Q: What do the speakers mean?

答案：C.The old furniture should be replaced.點(diǎn)評：從對話中可知，男士和女士都認(rèn)為應(yīng)該把舊家具換掉，以改善形象。對話中有些生詞，但不影響對主要含義的把握，可以忽略。

get rid of 處理掉

17.M: That was some storm yesterday.How was I afraid I couldn’t make it home.W: Yeah, most of the roads to my house were flooded.I didn’t get home from the lab until midnight.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

答案：B.The man got home late due to the storm.點(diǎn)評：從對話中可知，昨天有暴風(fēng)雨，女士擔(dān)心自己回不了家，男士直到半夜才回家。

18.W: My boys are always complaining that they’re bored.M: Why don’t you get them into some team sports? My son and daughter play soccer every Saturday.And they both look forward to it all week.Q: What does the man mean?

答案：A.The woman’s sons might enjoy team sports.點(diǎn)評：從對話中可知，男士建議女士可以讓自己的兒子們參加一些團(tuán)隊運(yùn)動，這樣他們就不會覺得無聊了。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard

W: So John, I hear you and Arthur share a job, don’t you?

M: Yes.We’ve shared a sales job at Sonatechfor about two years now.W: Well, how do you divide up your schedule?

M: You know we are both sales representatives, and we take orders over the phone.When we started job sharing it was difficult, because we both worked all day Monday.I worked Tuesday and Thursday and Arthur worked Wednesday and Friday.The problem was that when I was in the office on Tuesday.I would talk to people, then they would call back on Wednesday with a question.But Arthur couldn’t answer the question and he couldn’t ask me about it because I wasn’t in the office.So he had to ask the people to call me back the next day, Thursday.Of course, they didn’t like to wait until the next day to have their questions answered.W: Yes, that sounds like a problem.M: So, finally we decided that Arthur would work in the mornings and I would work in the afternoons.Now if someone calls with the question for me in the morning, Arthur tells them to call me in the afternoon.This way, people get their questions answered the same day.W: What do you do about vacations? M: Well,Sonatechgives the usual two weeks of vacation to full-time employees, I take a week and Arthur takes a week.W: It sounds like job sharing has worked out well for you.M: Yes, it has.We are both happy with it.Q19.What do John and author do at Sonatech?

答案：C.Take orders over the phone.Q20.What problem did John and Arthur have when they started job sharing?

答案：A.Customers’ questions could not be answered on the same day.Q21.What does John say about their annual vacation?

答案：D.They each take a week.點(diǎn)評：

本長對話的內(nèi)容主要是關(guān)于合伙工作。對話內(nèi)容相較以往的長對話而言，比較簡單。依然是主要針對回答問題的人提問，就是對話中的男士。男士一開始主要是談他們在最初開始合作工作時遇到的問題，接下來談到問題最終如何得到解決，最后是他和同伴如何輪休年假。當(dāng)然，對話中公司名稱聽不懂，形成干擾。依然要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是不能糾結(jié)個別詞匯，而因小失大。

對話中圍繞工作的話題詞匯有：schedule：（工作）計劃，安排；sales representative：銷售代表；vacation：假期，休假；full-time employee：全職員工。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard

W: May I see your license, please?

M: But officer, did I do something wrong?

W: Do you mean to say you didn’t see the speed limit sign back there?

M: Um, no, madam, I guess I didn’t.W: In other words, you drove by too fast to read it.The sign says 35m/h.A school is just nearby, you know?

M: Don’t get me wrong, but my speedometer didn’t read much faster than that.W: Then, why is it that my radar showed you are going 45? Let me put it another way.I’m going to give you a ticket.Again, may I see your license, please?

M: Here it is, officer.But let me explain.I was late for an important appointment and I was worried that I wouldn’t make it on time.So...W: Uha, just a minute, here.Your license is no longer valid.You should have renewed it two weeks ago.I’m going to have to write you up for that, too.M: What? Really?

W: Your license becomes invalid on your birthday and that was two weeks ago according to the date here.You are in violation of the law—driving without a valid license.M: I’m sorry, madam.I hadn’t realized that.W: Here’s the ticket for not having a valid license.But I’m only going to give you a warning about exceeding the speed limit.Be careful next time.M: Yes, madam, officer, I will.Thank you.Q22.Where was the man stopped by the police officer?

答案：B.Near a school.Q23.What did the man claim about the speed limit sign?

答案：A.He did not notice it.Q24.What did the woman say about the man’s driving license?

答案：C.It is no longer valid.Q25.What was the man’s penalty?

答案：B.He got a ticket.點(diǎn)評：

本長對話主要是關(guān)于超速被罰。本對話中涉及到較多交通詞匯，有一定難度。對話一開始女士作為交警在學(xué)校附近逼停超出該路段限速的男士，但男士狡辯自己的速度計（speedometer）并沒顯示超速；女士再次提出要求審查男士的駕照，發(fā)現(xiàn)其駕照已經(jīng)過期。最后，男士因駕照過期而收到警告。本選材非常生活化，相信大部分考生應(yīng)該對這一話題并不陌生，通過日常常識也能做出不少判斷。

本對話中關(guān)于交通話題的詞匯：speed limit：限速；give you a ticket：開罰單；license：執(zhí)照，駕照；speedometer：n.速度計；里程計。Section B Passage 1

Since I started working part-time at a grocery store, I have learned that a customer is more than someone who buy something.To me, a customer is a person whose memory fails entirely once he or she starts to push a shopping card.One of the first things customers forget is how to count.There is no other way to explain how so many people get in their express line, which is clearly marked 15 items or less, with 20, 25 or even a cart load of items.Customers also forget why they came to the store in the first place.Just as I finish ringing up an order, a customer will say, “Oops, I forgot to pick up a fresh loaf of bread.I hope you don’t mind waiting while I go get it.” Five minutes later, he’s back with the bread, a bottle of milk, and three rolls of paper towels.Strange is that seems customers also seem to forget that they have to pay for their groceries.Instead of writing a check or looking for a credit card while I am ringing up the groceries, my customers will wait until I announce the total.Then, in surprise, she says, “Oh no, what did I do with my check book?” After 5 minutes of digging through her purse, she borrows my pen because she’s forgotten hers.But I have to be tolerant of customers because they pay my salary, and that’s something I can’t afford to forget.Q26.What does the speaker say about customers’ entering the grocery store?

答案：A.They behave as if their memories have failed totally.Q27.Which customers are supposed to be in the express line?

答案： D.Those with 15 items or less.Q28.What does the speaker say some customers do when they arrive at the check-out counter?

答案：B.Go back and pick up more items.Q29.What does the speaker say about his job at the end of the talk?

答案： A.It requires tolerance.點(diǎn)評：本篇短文主要講述了作者在一家雜貨店兼職工作的經(jīng)歷和感受，并深刻地體會到顧客不僅僅是來商店買東西的人。作者認(rèn)為，當(dāng)顧客推起一輛購物車時，所有的事情就拋之腦后了。他們不會算計一件商品值多少錢，他們忘了自己來商店要買什么，他們甚至忘記要為商品付錢，他們不知道東西買夠沒有就去收銀臺排隊結(jié)賬，當(dāng)收銀員開始掃顧客的商品時，顧客又會跑回去拿很多商品回來，更需要收銀員提醒付錢，但這都是作者作為收銀員所應(yīng)忍受的，因為“顧客是上帝”，這是作者不敢忘記也是從這次經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到的事情。

這篇文章基本上沒有生僻的詞匯，以敘述為主。但是其中有幾個短語需要關(guān)注：grocery store意為“雜貨店”；ring up意為“用收銀機(jī)記錄收入的錢，收銀機(jī)掃條形碼”；credit card意為“信用卡”。理解了這些詞，對聽力的整體理解會有提升。Passage 2

The speech delivery style of Europeans and Asians tends to be very formal.Speakers of these cultures often read oral presentations from carefully retain manual scripts.On the other hand, American speakers are generally more informal relative to speakers and other cultures.American audiences prefernatural, spontaneous delivery that conveys a lively sense of communication.They don’t relay well to speakers who read from a manual script.If you use an outline of your ideas instead of a prepare text, your speech will not only sound more natural, but you will also be able to establish better relationship with your listeners and keep their attention.The language and style you use when making an oral presentation should not be the same as the language in style you use when writing.Well retain information, that is meant to be read, does not work aswell when it is heard.It is, therefore, important for you to adapt retain texts or outlines for presentations.Good speakers are much more informal when speaking than when writing.They also use their own words and develop their own speaking styles.Whenever possible, they use short words.Listeners are appreciated when speakers use simple, everyday words in a presentation.One advantage is that it is much easier for speakers to pronounce short words correctly.Another is that long and sophisticated vocabulary choices make listening more difficult.Question 30 to 32

30.What does the speaker say American audiences prefer?

答案：D.A natural and spontaneous style of speech.31.What should one pay attention to when making an oral presentation?

答案： B.Differences in style between writing and speaking.32.What does the speaker focus on in the talk?

答案：A.The key to becoming a good speaker.點(diǎn)評：本篇文章重點(diǎn)分析了成為一名優(yōu)秀的演講者的關(guān)鍵因素。歐洲人和亞洲人的演講風(fēng)格往往是趨于比較正式的，而美國人的演講風(fēng)格是自然、自發(fā)、生動地傳遞表達(dá)信息，這也正是聽眾所喜歡的方式。同時，做口頭報告時應(yīng)注意寫作和口語所要求的風(fēng)格差異，有了這樣的認(rèn)識后，你才能在今后的演講中運(yùn)用簡短貼近生活的言語表達(dá)自己的想法，形成自己的演講風(fēng)格，成為一名優(yōu)秀的演講者。

這篇文章相對簡單，沒有出現(xiàn)太難的生詞，較容易理解。整個內(nèi)容就圍繞一個主題展開，清晰明了，只要能抓住此主題線索，整篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)就一目了然了。Passage 3

A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time.If corrected too much, he will stop talking.He compares a thousand times a day the difference between language as he uses it and language as those around him use it.Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s.In the same way, kids learning to do all the other things they learn without adult teachers, to walk, run, climb, ride a bike, play games, compare their own performance with what more skilled people do, and slowly make the needed changes.But in school we never give a child a chance to detect his mistakes.We do it all for him.We act as if we thought he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him.Soon he becomes dependent on the expert.We should let him do it himself.Let him figure out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what is the answer to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or that.If right answers need to be given, as in mathematics or science, give him the answer book.Let him correct his own papers.Why should we teachers waste time on such tedious work? Our job should be to help the children when they tell us that they can’t find the way to get the right answer.Question 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q33 How does a child learn to do something according to the speaker?

答案：D.By comparing his performance with others.Q34 What belief do teachers commonly hold according to the speaker?

答案：C.Children cannot detect their own mistakes.Q35 What does the speaker imply about the current way of teaching?

答案：A.It is unhelpful to students’ learning.點(diǎn)評：

本篇文章主要論述要讓孩子們學(xué)著自己判斷事情。目前的教學(xué)方法對學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)沒有什么幫助作用，老師認(rèn)為學(xué)生不能發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己身上的錯誤，孩子習(xí)得一件事情是通過把自己的行為和其他人的行為作對比而來的，而這就逐漸讓孩子們失去了自己，變成了其他人，從而慢慢產(chǎn)生依賴感。文章結(jié)尾暗示作者對這種教學(xué)方法是不贊成的，同時，提出老師的工作是應(yīng)該幫助孩子們找到正確答案的方法，而不是什么都為他們做好安排好。

Section C

Time is, for the average American, of utmost importance.To the foreign visitor, Americans seem to be more concerned with getting things accomplished on time(according to a predetermined schedule)than they are with developing deep interpersonal relations.Schedules, for the American, are meant to be planned and then followed in the smallest detail.It may seem to you that most Americans are completely controlled by the little machines they wear on their wrists, cutting their discussions off abruptly to make it to their next appointment on time.Americans’ language is filled with references to time, giving a clear indication of how much it is valued.Time is something to be “on,” to be “kept,” “filled,” “saved,” “wasted,” “gained,”

“planned,” “given,” “made the most of,” even “killed.”

The international visitor soon learns that it is considered very rude to be late--even by 10 minutes--for an appointment in America.Time is so valued in America, because by considering time to be important one can clearly achieve more than if one “wastes” time and doesn’t keep busy.This philosophy has proven its worth.It has enabled Americans to be extremely productive, and productivity itself is highly valued in America.Many American proverbs stress the value of guarding time, using it wisely, and setting and working toward specific goals.Americans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later time.答案：

36.foreign

37.accomplished

38.interpersonal

39.detail.40.controlled

41.abruptly

42.references

43.indication

44.it is considered very rude to be late--even by 10 minutes--for an appointment in America.45.It has enabled Americans to be extremely productive, and productivity itself is highly valued in America.46.Americans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later time.原文出處：http://004km.cnprehension(Reading in Depth)

Section A

47.N taking

48.D concern

49.M stop

50.B available

51.I prefer

52.L specify

53.O variety

54.G nationwide

55.F items

56.E criteria

這是一篇新聞報道類的文章，關(guān)于美國一些著名餐公司開始意識到快餐對對其青少年健康的不良影響，并開始采取相應(yīng)措施改變這一現(xiàn)狀。這是美國最近的熱門話題，滬江經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人新聞聽寫12月16日的的聽寫內(nèi)容關(guān)于麥當(dāng)勞的一篇文章與之就是類似的主題。對于考生來說這一話題也并不陌生，從內(nèi)容上來還是比較容易理解的。

47.N take a cue from 固定搭配，表示按?的指點(diǎn)行事。

48.D 在快餐在兒童中引起肥胖癥的現(xiàn)象受到越來越多關(guān)注的背景之下，19家公司宣誓將為兒童提供更多健康的菜單選擇，結(jié)合上下文可知空格處應(yīng)填concern

49.M 因為上一段剛剛提到快餐引起兒童肥胖的問題獲得了越來越多的重視，第2段順承上面的內(nèi)容，講到漢堡王采取的相應(yīng)措施：將從本月起停止提供兒童快餐里的炸薯條和蘇打汽水.所以填stop。

50前面說了將停止提供兒童快餐里的炸薯條和蘇打汽水，根據(jù)although知道內(nèi)容上應(yīng)該是一個轉(zhuǎn)折，所以后面應(yīng)該是still available，仍然可以買得到。

51.這句話涉及到一個比較，whether...or, 選項中只有prefer一個課用于比較，所以空格處填prefer.52.這是緊接著上一句的，上面剛剛講到問顧客是選擇套餐時是更喜歡選牛奶還是蘋果片，這是一種將顧客的需求具體化，所以填specify。

53.a variety of 固定搭配，各種各樣的。在這句話中是指其他參與將為美國兒童提供更健康的事物的快餐店，也提供各種各樣的菜單選擇。

54.結(jié)合上下文可知，(Kid Live Well)“讓孩子們生活的更好”運(yùn)動應(yīng)該是全國范圍內(nèi)展開的一場大型運(yùn)動，所以填nationwide。

通過第三段第一句話的后半句可以看出，兒童的每頓飯中要包含冒號之后部分的食物中的至少兩項，所以55空填item，指的是后面的選項。

56.前面提到的食物都是低脂、第卡路里的健康食物，最后一句中提到在其他的要求中，餐館提供的附加菜必須滿足同樣的要求, 所以填criteria

Section B

As you are probably aware, the latest job markets news isn’t good: Unemployment is still more than 9 percent, and new job growth has fallen close to zero.That’s bad for the economy, of course.And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now.But it actually shouldn’t matter to you nearly as much as you think.That’s because job growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much as job turnover data.After all, existing jobs open up every day due to promotions, resignations, terminations, and retirements.(Yes, people are retiring even in this economy.)In both good times and bad, turnover creates more openings than economic growth does.Even in June of 2007, when the economy was still humming along, job growth was only 132,000, while turnover was 4.7 million!

And as it turns out, even today — with job growth near zero — over 4 million job hunters are being hired every month.I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s ability to land a job.It’s true that if total employment were higher, it would mean more jobs for all of us to choose from(and compete for).And it’s true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening, regardless of whether it’s a new one or not.But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t is their ability to stay motivated.They’re willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills;be creative about where and how to look;learn how to present themselves to potential employers;and keep going, even after repeated rejections.The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up.Four million people get hired every month in the U.S.You can be one of them.57.The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ______?

A)deprives many people of job opportunities.B)prevents many people from changing careers.C)should not stop people from looking for a job.D)does not mean the U.S.economy is worsening.58.Where do most job openings come from?

A)Job growth

B)Job turnover

C)Improved economy

D)Business expansion

59.What does the author say about overall job growth?

A)It doesn’t have much effect on individual job seekers.B)It increases people’s confidence in the economy.C)It gives a ray of hope to the unemployed.D)It doesn’t mean greater job security for the employed.60.What is the key to landing a job according to the author?

A)Education

B)Intelligence

C)Persistence

D)Experience

61.What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the US?

A)They clearly indicate how healthy the economy is.B)They provide the public with the latest information.C)They warn of the structural problems in the economy.D)They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.SB__1答案

點(diǎn)評：本篇文章選自TIME周刊的財經(jīng)板塊，原文標(biāo)題為“Why Job Hunters Shouldn’t Worry So Much About Paltry Job Growth”，文章主要表達(dá)了這樣一種觀點(diǎn)，即找工作的人不必太在意官方提供的高失業(yè)率，就業(yè)增長等數(shù)據(jù)，原因在于這些并不等說明現(xiàn)實情況，比如：人員更替帶來了更多的職位空缺，因此，即便是經(jīng)濟(jì)增速緩慢，就業(yè)增長為零，依然還是有很多的職位空缺存在。所以，如作者最后點(diǎn)睛所言，So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up.不灰心不放棄。

從整體語言難度來說，文章難度不是很大，財經(jīng)相關(guān)的一些詞匯基本都是大家比較熟悉的。并沒有出現(xiàn)過高難度的長難句以及詞匯，整體理解起來也相對容易。

今后大家還應(yīng)當(dāng)繼續(xù)注重一些商務(wù)詞匯的表達(dá)，如job turnover（人員更替），termination解雇，land jobs找工作，等等。

57.The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ______?

答案：C.should not stop people from looking for a job.解析：本題重點(diǎn)考察作者觀點(diǎn)。題干問在作者看來，高失業(yè)率怎么樣？鎖定原文第一段，雖然第一段中的bad for the economy，discouraging，change careers等字眼跟選項ABD當(dāng)中的詞匯很類似，但是要注意的是，真正表達(dá)作者觀點(diǎn)的是第一段最后一句But it actually shouldn’t matter to you nearly as much as you think。其實高失業(yè)率跟你沒太大關(guān)系。包括原文最后一段第一句“So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up.”所以，綜上所述，它不該給你找工作帶來阻礙，引申意思就是該怎么辦就怎么辦，不要在意官方統(tǒng)計的高失業(yè)率。

58.Where do most job openings come from?

答案：B.Job turnover

解析：本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)考查題。題干問大部分的職位空缺來自于哪里？根據(jù)四個選項，可以用排除法將business expansion排除，因為原文并未提及。再剩下的三個選項中，根據(jù)原文第二段的第一句job growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much asjob turnover data以及turnovercreates more openings than economic growth does.可以確定人員更替（turnover）提供了更多的職位空缺，因此答案為Job turnover。

59.What does the author say about overall job growth?

答案：A.It doesn’t have much effect on individual job seekers.解析：本題繼續(xù)考察作者觀點(diǎn)。題干問作者對于整體就業(yè)增長（overall job growth）的態(tài)度是怎樣的，可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第三段，關(guān)鍵是第一句：I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s ability to land a job.此處用到雙重否定，“我并不是說整體就業(yè)增長對一個人找工作沒有絲毫影響”，也就是說“有一定影響，但是沒有那么大”所以答案是A，而BCD選項的confidence，hope，job security原文并未提及。

60.What is the key to landing a job according to the author?

答案：C.Persistence

解析：本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)考查題。定位原文倒數(shù)第二段第一句But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t is their ability to stay motivated.關(guān)鍵詞是stay motivated

61.What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the US?

答案：D.They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.解析：本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)考查題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.可知答案選D，那一部分人已經(jīng)被排除掉了，所以失業(yè)率這個數(shù)據(jù)是有水分的。

Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age.So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors — or doesn’t it?

While such vigilant（警覺的）tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly.With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it’s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.In many cases, screening can lead to additional biopsies and surgeries to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients’ remaining years.But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups.It’s hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data.Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment.And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly.But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy（預(yù)期壽命）.A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening-especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population.It’s not an easy calculation to make, but one that make sense for the whole patient.Dr.Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves.We need to think about the rational use of health care and stop talking about the rationing of health care.”

That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.62.Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?

A.It is believed to contribute to long life.B.It is part of their health care package.C.The elderly are more sensitive about their health.D.The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.63.How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?

A.It adds too much to their medical bills.B.It helps increase their life expectancy.C.They are doubtful about necessity.D.They think it does more than good.64.What is the conventional view about women screening for breast cancer?

A.It applies to women over 50.B.It is a must for adult women.C.It is optional for young women.D.It doesn’t apply to women over 74.65.Why do many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer?

A.They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.B.They want to take advantage of the medical care system.C.They want data for medical research.D.They want their patients to suffer less.66.What does the author say is the general view about health care?

A.The more, the better.B.Prevention is better than cure.C.Better early than late.D.Better care, longer life.SB_2 答案

62.D.The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.63.C.They are doubtful about its necessity.64.B.It is a must for adult women.65.A.They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.66.A.The more, the better.【點(diǎn)評】

這是一篇有關(guān)癌癥篩查的文章。長期以來，人們認(rèn)為對于老年人來說，隨著年齡的增長，腫瘤生長造成的威脅就越大，所以醫(yī)生建議他們進(jìn)行各類常規(guī)的癌癥篩查。但是近來，研究者開始懷疑它的必要性。當(dāng)他們開始叫停50歲以下和74歲以上的婦女的乳腺癌篩查時，受慣例根深蒂固影響的人們掀起了軒然大波。不過，對于老年人來話說，癌癥的風(fēng)險還要和預(yù)期壽命進(jìn)行權(quán)衡。近期的調(diào)查還顯示很多醫(yī)生讓病人進(jìn)行癌癥篩查純粹是為了在醫(yī)療事故中保護(hù)自己，所以這篇反對了人們長期以來的對健康檢查的誤解，即健康檢查并非多多益善。Part V Cloze

Strong emotional bonds between mothers and infants increase children’s willingness to explore the world—an effect that has been observed

the animal kingdom, in people, monkeys and even spiders.The more secure we are in our

to Mom, the more likely we are to try new things and take risks.Now researchers are discovering that this effect continues into adulthood.A

reminder of Mom’s touch or the sound of her voice on the phone is

to change people’s minds and moods，71

their decision making in measurable ways.In a study

online in April in Psychological Science, undergraduate business students had to choose between safe bets and risky gambles—a bond with a guaranteed 4 percent yearly

or a riskier stock option, for example.In half the cases, the experimenters patted the students

on the back of the shoulder for about one second

providing verbal instructions about the study.Both male and female students who were touched by a female experimenter were

more likely to choose the risky alternative

were those who had not been touched or were patted by male experimenters.The reassuring（寬慰的）touch of a woman may have induced early associations, 78

the same openness to exploration that is observed in young children of

mothers, explains Jonathan Levav, a business professor at Columbia University and lead author of the study.To further

that a woman’s touch links feelings of security

risk taking, the researchers asked a

group of undergraduates to make financial decisions after a writing exercise.Half of them wrote about a time they felt secure and supported, whereas the

half wrote about feeling insecure and alone.Evoking(喚起)a

of insecurity made students in the latter group

receptive to the gentle shoulder pats from female experimenters and much more willing to take a risk—just as a child leaving for a field trip might steal one last reassuring hug

Mom before stepping on the bus.67.A.by

B.up

C.above

D.across

68.A.concern

B.attachment

C.treatment

D.appeal

69.A.bare

B.unique

C.mere

D.just

70.A.enough

B.ready

C.easy

D.quick

71.A.generating

B.regulating

C.affecting

D.refining

72.A.exhibited

B.published

C.appeared

D.advertised

73.A.return

74.A.seemingly

75.A.if

76.A.rather

77.A.than

78.A.intending

79.A.supportive

80.A.enable

81.A.beyond

82.A.relative

83.A.next

84.A.hint

85.A.especially

86.A.toward

67.D.across

68.C.attachment

69.C.mere

70.A.enough

B.expense

B.strongly

B.so

B.far

B.as

B.inferring

B.lively

B.ensure

B.with

B.competitive

B.other

B.clue

B.specially

B.into

C.cost

C.partly

C.while

C.further

C.which

C.inspiring

C.strict

C.consent

C.for

C.different

C.minor

C.chain

C.securely

C.of

D.prize

D.lightly

D.whereas

D.pretty

D.that

D.instructing

D.respectful

D.confirm

D.along

D.successive

D.opposite

D.sense

D.entirely

D.from

71.C.affecting

72.B.published

73.A.return

74.D.lightly

75.C.while

76.B.far

77.A.than

78.C.inspiring

79.A.supportive

80.D.confirm

81.B.with

82.C.different

83.B.other

84.D.sense

85.A.especially

86.D.from

【總評】完形填空原文源自美國科普雜志《科學(xué)美國人》（Scientific American）。原文標(biāo)題為

All about My Mother: How Touch Helps Us Take Risks，作者Ferris Jabr。原文共五段，495字，題目選取了原文前三段并做了細(xì)微修改，共345字。主要講述的是母親與嬰兒間形成的情感紐帶會影響孩子探索世界的行為。這是一篇典型的議論文，第一段第一句給出論點(diǎn)，指出母親與嬰兒間形成的情感紐帶會影響人們的行為，接著在第二段和第三段，通過兩個已經(jīng)發(fā)表的文章中的實驗來證明這一觀點(diǎn)。Part VITranslation

翻譯 87.I finally got the job I dreamed about.Never before in my life___________(我感到如此激動)!

88.Yesterday Jane left the meeting early.Otherwise, she_____________________(可能會說一些后來會懊悔的話.)

89.With the noise going on outside the classroom, I had great difficulty _______________(集中注意力復(fù)習(xí)功課).90.This is the first time I ____________________(聽到他們用法語交流).91.All the information you need to apply for your visa is _______________(可以免費(fèi)獲取).答案

87.had I felt so excited

【解析】本題考查過去完成時及倒裝句。第一句話是過去時，第二句話可知其行為發(fā)生在過去之前，由此得出第二句話為過去完成時態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“had done”；第二句第一個詞為“Never”否定詞，因此句子主謂要倒裝。

88.could have said somethingthat she might regret later

【解析】本題考查過去時態(tài)的虛擬語氣。第二句是對過去行為一種推測，而事實上行為并未發(fā)生，因第一句話的時態(tài)是過去時，可判斷此句是對過去的虛擬，其主句的構(gòu)成為“主語+could+have +過去分詞”。另外注意本句“后來會懊悔的”這個修飾語，通常翻譯成一個簡短的定語從句來修飾中心詞。

89.in focusing on reviewing the lessons

【解析】本題考查短語固定搭配。”has / have difficult in doing something”,表示做什么有困難。本題表示無法集中注意力復(fù)習(xí)功課?！皬?fù)習(xí)功課”通常的表達(dá)有 “review the lessons”, “go over the lessons”。

90.have heard them communicating with each other in French.【解析】本題考查使役動詞的用法以及現(xiàn)在完成時。表示第幾次做某事，本句謂語是“is”一般現(xiàn)在時，那么主句用現(xiàn)在完成時”have done”；“聽到某人做某事”的固定表達(dá)為”hear sb.doing sth.”

91.available for free

【解析】本題固定表達(dá)?！眀e available “，意思為“可得到的，可獲得的”；“免費(fèi)”用介詞結(jié)構(gòu)”for free”。

第三篇：英語四級真題及答案

1991年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題及答案

41.We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let's have ______ one this month.(A)another(C)the other

(B)more(D)other

42.It was difficult to guess what her _____ to the news would be.(A)impression(C)comment

(B)reaction(D)opinion

43.I decided to go to the library as soon as I _____.(A)finish what I did(C)would finish what I was doing

(B)finished what I did(D)finished what I was doing

44.There were some ______ flowers on the table.(A)benefits(C)false

(B)unnatural(D)unreal

45.We are interested in the weather because it _____ us so directly----what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.(A)benefits(C)guides

(B)affects(D)effects

46.Will all those _____ the proposal raise their hands?

(A)in relation to(C)in excess of

(B)in contrast to(D)in favor of

47.Children are very curious ______.(A)at heart(C)on purpose

(B)in person(D)by nature

48.The match was cancelled because most of the members _____ a match without a standard court.(A)objected to having(C)objected to have

(B)were objected to have(D)were objected to having

49.The teacher doesn't permit _____ in class.(A)smoke(C)smoking

(B)to smoke(D)to have a smoke

50.I like watching TV _____ to the cinema.(A)more than to go(C)more than going

(B)than going(D)rather than to go

51.I appreciate ______ to your home.(A)to be invited(C)having invited

(B)to have invited(D)being invited

52.I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _____ when judging my examination.(A)regard(C)account

(B)counting(D)observation

53.You _____ all those calculations!We have a computer to do that sort of thing.(A)needn't have done(C)shouldn't have done

(B)must not have done(D)can not have done

54.Important people don't often have much free time as their work _____ all their time.(A)takes away(C)takes up

(B)takes over(D)takes in

55.When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ____ it.(A)got off(C)got away

(B)got across(D)got over

56.Many people complain of the rapid ____ of modern life.(A)rate(C)pace

(B)speed(D)growth

57.San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _____.(A)is rarely(C)hardly is

(B)rarely is(D)is scarcely

58.The speaker, _____ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.(A)having known(C)knowing

(B)being known(D)known

59.American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.(A)ignored(C)refused

(B)neglected(D)denied

60.I couldn't find _____, and so I took this one.(A)a large enough coat(C)a large coat enough

(B)an enough large coat(D)a coat enough large

61.I always _____ what I have said.(A)get to(C)lead to

(B)hold to(D)see to

62.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _____ we all sat down to rest.(A)when(C)than

(B)then(D)until

63.Evidence came up _____ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.(A)what(C)that

(B)which(D)whose

64.He moved away from his parents, and missed them ______ enjoy the exciting life in New York.(A)too much to(C)very much to

(B)enough to(D)much so as to

65.He was _____ of having asked such a silly question.(A)sorry(C)ashamed

(B)guilty(D)miserable

66.The last time we had a family reunion was ______ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.(A)in(C)during

(B)at(D)over

67.What _____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?

(A)do you suppose(C)will you suppose

(B)you suppose(D)you would suppose

68._____ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.(A)As for(C)Except

(B)Besides(D)Despite

69.How close parents are to their children _____ a strong influence on the character of the children.(A)have(C)having

(B)has(D)to have

70.He _____ when the bus came to a sudden stop.(A)was almost hurt(C)was to hurt himself

(B)was hurt himself(D)was hurting himself

41.A 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.B 46.D 47.D 48.A 49.C 50.C

51.D 52.C 53.A 54.C 55.D 56.C 57.B 58.D 59.D 60.A

61.B 62.C 63.C 64.A 65.C 66.B 67.A 68.D 69.B 70.A

第四篇：2011年12月英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

2011年12月英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

Part I Writing

【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版】Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will

Nothing runs smoothly in our life.To achieve things successfully, a strong will is essential.Life is like a Marathon.Many people can’t get to the terminal.This is not because they are lack of vitality but because their will of success is not strong enough.To take quitting smoking as an example, some regard it as a piece of cake.They make up their minds to quit it in the morning, but in the evening they feel that the smell of cigarettes is tempting.Their throats are sore, their mouths are thirsty, and their hands are shaking.After the painful mental struggle, they tell themselves that “One cigarette is enough.Just take one, and the next day I will quit it.” By doing this, they surrender to their weak will.In the end, they have quitted smoking “a hundred times”, but in no time they succeed.Just like quitting smoking, nothing succeeds without a strong will.To be successful in one’s life, a strong will means that you know where you go and you will persist on the road you choose.Undoubtedly success belongs to those who overcome their weak will and who hang in there until the last minute.【高分版】Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will

As we have read from above, quitting-smoking seems easy, but in reality it is rarely achieved.There is something provoking and interesting in this paradox, just because sword does not wear the stone as dripping water does.The ability to do something over and over again in a short time may imply its easiness, but in a long run, a lifetime maybe, things turn out to be quite the opposite.Also, as is often the case, one may have obtained all the tools and opportunities to achieve something, but in the end they still fail due to the will shortage.So how could we avoid the dilemma? Here is the prime condition of success: will and perseverance.Concentrate you energy, thought and mind exclusively on the business in which you are engaged, hang on in there and be patient, for, as Emerson put it, no one can cheat you out of your ultimate success but yourself.Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)

1【答案】A)sticks to them in their daily life

2.【答案】C)It is the basis of mutual trust

3.【答案】A.To ensure we make responsible choices.4.【答案】B.it is claimed to be unintentional.5.【答案】A.Avoid making excuses.6.【答案】C.value immediate benefits most.7.【答案】A)pay more dearly

8.【答案】steal a grade

9.【答案】honesty and good faith

10.【答案】the Watergate scandal

Part III Listening Comprehension

Section A

11.【答案】B)Go and ask the staff.12.【答案】A)He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.13.【答案】B)She is worried about missing her flight.14.【答案】A)At a restaurant

15.【答案】A)He is being interviewed for a job.16.【答案】B)The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.17.【答案】D)The woman is going to make her topic more focused.18.【答案】B)They didn’t quite enjoy their last picnic.Conversation One

19.【答案】B）He prefers hot weather to cold weather.20.【答案】B）The cold houses.21.【答案】C）Depressing.22.【答案】B）They work hard and play hard.Conversation Two

23.【答案】B）French.24..【答案】C）careers guidance.25.【答案】D）Its pleasant environment.Section B

Passage One

26.【答案】C)The art of Japanese brush painting

27.【答案】B)To enhance concentration.28.【答案】A)How listeners in different cultures show respect.Passage Two

29.【答案】 B)Buying and maintain equipment.30.【答案】D)Two of his employees committed theft.31.【答案】B)Advancement to a higher position.32 【答案】D)She is competing with Chris for the new job.Passage Three

33.【答案】A）They help us see the important values of a culture.34.【答案】B)The values they reflect may change.35

Section C

Compound Dictation

Our lives are woven together.As much as I enjoy my own company, I no longer imagine I can get through a single day much less all my life completely on my own.Even if I am on vacation in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else has built, wearing clothes someone else has sewn from cloth woven by others, using electricity someone else is distributing to my house.Evidence of interdependence is everywhere;we are on this journey together.As I was growing up, I remember being carefully taught that independence not interdependence was everything.“Make your own way”,” Stand on your own two feet” or my mother’s favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: Now that you’ve made your bed, lie on it.Total independence is a dominant thing in our culture.I imagine that what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibilities for my actions and my choices.But the teaching was shaped by our cultural imagines.And instead, I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally independent and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help.I would do almost anything not to be a burden, and not require any help from anybody.PART 4

Section A

growth

stable

challenges

certainly

role

combined

significant

included

comprise

solutions

Section B

Passage One

57, C encourage boys to express their emotions freely

58, A perform relatively better

59, C It fails to give boys the attention they need

60, A teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys 61, C They have sharper vision

Passage Two

62.C.It makes all the hard work worthwhile.63.D.Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.64.A.conflicts between couples tend to rise

65.D.men and women view money in different ways.66.C.discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship.Part V Cloze

67.reveals68.staff69.while70.shortages71.surveyed72.private

73.concerned74.recruit75.As76.for77.intensify78.technical

79.priority80.subjects81.if82.rate83.particular84.highlighted

85.workforce86.where

Part VI Translation

87.Charity groups organized various activities to raise money for the survivors of the earthquake.(為地震幸存者籌款)

88.Linda couldn’t have received my e-mail(不可能收到我的電子郵件), otherwise, she could have replied.89.It’s my mother who/that keeps encouraging me not to lose heart(一直鼓勵我不要灰心)when I have difficulties in my study.90.The publishing house has to consider the popularity of this novel.(考慮這本小說的受歡迎程度)。

91.It’s wrong to define happiness only by money.(僅僅以金錢來定義幸福)

第五篇：1994年1月四級真題及答案

真題網(wǎng)提供

1994年1月四級真題及答案

Part I Listening Comprehension(20 minutes)Section A 1.(A)Once a week.(C)Three times a week.(B)Twice a week.(D)Four times a week.2.(A)He left his notes at home.(A)He doesn't know where his notes are.(B)He doesn't want to lend his notes to the woman.(C)He agrees to lend her his notes.3.(A)He will go in spite of the cold weather.(C)He will go when he feels better.(B)He won't go since he is not feeling well.(D)He won't go as he hasn't finished his work.4.(A)Check the timetable.(C)Travel on a later train.(B)Go to the railway station earlier.(D)Cancel the trip earlier.5.(A)In New York.(C)In Newport.(B)In Boston.(D)In Washington.6.(A)A clerk at the airport information desk.(C)A policeman.(B)A clerk at the railway station information desk.(D)A taxi-driver.7.(A)A guest and a receptionist.(C)A customer and a shop assistant.(B)A passenger and an air hostess.(D)A guest and a waitress.8.(A)He's better.(C)He's sick in bed.(B)He's feeling worse.(D)He has recovered.9.(A)The man didn't want the woman to have her hair cut.(B)The woman followed the man's advice.(C)The woman is wearing long hair now.(D)The man didn't care if the woman had her hair cut or not.10.(A)He will return from Paris in two weeks.(A)He is studying French in Paris.(B)He is having a vacation in Paris.(C)He is planning to go back to Paris in a year.Section B Passage One Questions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.(A)Washing plates.(C)Shining shoes.(B)Clearing tables.(D)sweeping the floor.12.(A)He must work six days a week.(C)He must study hard in his spare time.(B)He should never be late for work.(D)He should not bring his friends to the restaurant.13.(A)To pay him for his work.(C)To give his friends free drinks.(B)To let him have 3 meals a day in the restaurant.(D)To allow him to have more free time.12.(A)Because the boy was not a full-time worker.(B)Because the boy had made some mistakes.(C)Because he thought the boy had failed to meet his requirements.(D)Because he thought it was his son who should pay him.Passage Two Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15.(A)Watching traditional plays.(C)Boating on the river.(B)Visiting the magnificent libraries.(D)Cycling in narrow streets.16.(A)There are many visitors there.(C)There are many old streets there.(B)There are many students there.(D)There are many bicycles there.17.(A)He thinks the city is too crowded.(C)He thinks the streets are too narrow.(B)He likes the place very much.(D)He admires the comfortable life of the students there.Passage Three Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18.(A)He was good at writing about interesting people.(B)It was much easier to write stories about people.(C)He believed that people are always easier to learn about other people.(D)He thought people played an important role in world events.19.(A)Action.(C)Enterprise.(B)World News.(D)Faces and places.20.(A)He is a sportsman.(C)He is a photographer.(B)He is an actor.(D)He is a publisher.Part II Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Suppose we built a robot(機(jī)器人)to explore the planet Mars.We provide the robot with seeing detectors to keep it away from danger.It is powered entirely by the sun.Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times? No.The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any.So we would probably program it to cease its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning.According to the evolutionary(進(jìn)化的)theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason.The theory does not deny(否認(rèn))that sleep provides some important

restorative functions.It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous.However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into;it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us.So we sleep well when we are in familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.The evolutionary theory accounts well for differences in sleep among creatures.Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do.But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep.Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value.Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival depends on their ability to run away from attackers.21.The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us ______.(A)the differences between robots and men(C)about the need for robots to save power(B)the reason why men need to sleep(D)about the danger of men working at night 22.Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him ______.(A)maintain a regular pattern of life(C)avoid danger and inefficient labor(B)prevent trouble that comes looking for him(D)restore his bodily functions 23.According to the author, we cannot sleep well when we _____.(A)are worrying about our safety(C)are in a tent(B)are overworked(D)are away from home 24.Cats sleep much more than horses do partly because cats _____.(A)need more time for restoration(B)are unlikely to be attackers(C)are more active than horses when they are awake(D)spend less time eating to get enough energy 25.Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? ______.(A)Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.(B)The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory.(C)Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.(D)The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats.Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.“ Congratulations, Mr.Jones, it's a girl.” Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words.Some feel pride when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good father.Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them.Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time.For other couples, pregnancy(懷孕)was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task.Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this resocialization process.Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother's role.The mother's role seems to require a complete transformation in daily routine(生活規(guī)律)and highly innovative(創(chuàng)新的)adaptation, on the other hand, the father's role is less demanding and immediate.However, even though we mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.26.According to the author, being a father _____.(A)brings a feeling of excitement to some men(B)has a different

meaning for those who have daughters(C)makes some men feel proud and others uneasy(D)means nothing but more responsibilities 27.It is stated in the passage that _____.(A)some parents are not prepared to have a child(B)young couples do not like children at all(C)working couples do not have much time to take care of their children(D)many parents look forward to having a boy as their first child 28.In the second paragraph, the author ______.(A)criticizes fathers for not taking enough responsibilities in bringing up their children(B)excuses the American writers for ignoring the difficulties of being a father(C)supports the idea that the chief role of a father is to earn money for the family(D)complains about the lack of social programs to help husbands adjust themselves to being a father 29.The transition to the mother's role requires that the wife ______.(A)change her life style in a highly innovative way(B)make a complete change in her everyday life to deal with the new situation(C)stay at home to take care of the baby(D)help her husband in his resocialization process

30.Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles, fathers, compared with mothers, _____.(A)have to shoulder more burdens(C)have an easier job to do(B)have to make more difficult adaptations(D)can usually do a better job Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text.The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers.In the light of these he puts further questions, and so on.For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness.At times, however, we become aware of it.This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between expectations and meaning.When successful matching is being experienced, our questioning of the text continues at the unconscious level.Different people converse with the text differently.Some stay very close to the words on the page;others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining.The former represents a kind of comprehension which is written in the text.The latter represents higher levels of comprehension.The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.There is another conversation which from our point of view is equally important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read.We call this a “process” conversation as opposed to a “content” conversation.It is concerned not with meaning but with the strategies(策略)we employ in reading.If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well developed.Not so our ability to hold a content conversation.It is precisely this kind of conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level.31.Reading as a kind of conversation between the reader and the text becomes conscious only when _____.(A)the reader's expectations agree with what is said in the text(B)the reader has trouble understanding what the author says(C)the reader asks questions and gets answers(D)the reader understands a text very well 32.At a lower level of comprehension, readers tend to _____.(A)read a text slowly(C)interpret a text in their own way(B)read without thinking hard(D)concentrate on the meaning of words only 33.A “process” conversation has to do with ______.(A)the application of reading strategies(B)matching our expectations with the meaning of a text(C)the development of our ability to check the details(D)determining the main idea of a text 34.According to the passage, it is of great importance for readers at a higher level to maintain a balance between ______.(A)conscious and unconscious levels of comprehension(B)the reader's expectations and the meaning of a text(C)lower and higher levels of

comprehension(D)interpreting and criticizing a text 35.If we want to develop our reading ability at an advanced level, we should ______.(A)learn to use different approaches in reading different texts

(B)make our reading process more conscious(C)pay more attention to the content of a text(D)take a critical attitude towards the author's idea Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Although April did not bring us the rains we all hoped for, and although the Central Valley doesn't generally experience the atmospheric sound and lightning that can accompany those rains, it's still important for parents to be able to answer the youthful questions about thunder and lightning.The reason these two wonders of nature are so difficult for many adults to explain to children is that they are not very well understood by adults themselves.For example, did you know that the lightning we see flashing down to the earth from a cloud is actually flashing up to a cloud from the earth? Our eyes trick us into thinking we see a downward motion when it's actually the other way around.But then, if we believed only what we think we see, we'd still insist that the sun rises in the morning and sets at night.Most lightning flashes take place inside a cloud, and only a relative few can be seen jumping between two cloud or between earth and a cloud.But, with about 2,000 thunderstorms taking place above the earth every minute of the day and night, there's enough activity to produce about 100 lightning strikes on earth every second.Parents can use thunder and lightning to help their children learn more about the world around them.When children understand that the light of the lightning flashing reaches their eyes almost at the same moment, but the sound of the thunder takes about 5 seconds to travel just one mile, they can begin to time the interval between the flash and the crash to learn how close they were to the actual spark.36.According to the author, in the area of the Central Valley, ______.(A)rains usually come without thunder and lightning(B)it is usually dry in April(C)children pay no attention to natural phenomena(D)parents are not interested in thunder and lightning

37.We believe that lightning is a downward notion because ______.(A)we were taught so by our parents from our childhood(B)we are deceived by our sense of vision(C)it is a common natural phenomenon(D)it is a truth proved by science 38.What is TRUE about lightning according to the passage?(A)Only a small number of lightning flashes occur on earth.(B)Lightning travels 5 minutes faster than thunder.(C)Lightning flashes usually jump from one cloud to another.(D)There are far more lightning strikes occurring on earth than we imagine.39.The word “activity”(Para.3, Line 3)is most closely related to the word(s)_____.(A)“cloud”(C)“l(fā)ightning flashes”(B)“l(fā)ightning strikes”

(D)“thunderstorms” 40.It can be concluded from the passage that ______.(A)we should not believe what we see or hear(B)things moving downward are more noticeable(C)people often have wrong concepts about ordinary phenomena(D)adults are not as good as children in observing certain natural phenomena Part III Vocabulary and Structure(20 minutes)41.Before he left for his vacation he went to the bank to _____ some money.(A)pull(B)pick(C)gain(D)draw 42.By the end of the year all but two people ______.(A)have left(B)will leave(C)will be leaving(D)will have left 43.Frankfurt, Germany, is in one of the most _____ populated regions of Western Europe.(A)densely(B)vastly(C)enormously(D)largely 44.Everyone had an application from in his hand, but no one knew which office room _____.(A)to send it to(B)to send it(C)to be sent to(D)to have it sent 45.The police set a _____ to catch the thieves.(A)plan(B)device(C)trap(D)trick 46.We _____ to start our own business, but we never had enough money.(A)have hoped(B)hope(C)had hoped(D)should hope

47.We have to try every means to _____ the costs of the construction project.(A)bring off(B)bring

forth(C)bring down(D)bring back 48.The students were participating _____ an international energy-saving competition between towns in New England and Canada.(A)for(B)in(C)to(D)at 49.When she was criticized, she claimed that it was outside her _____ of responsibility.(A)field(B)limit(C)extent(D)range 50.While _____ the sun, the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back to earth.(A)having orbited(B)being orbited(C)having been orbited(D)orbiting

51.Language is a city, to the building of _____ every human being brought a stone.(A)which(B)that(C)it(D)this 52._____ of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.(A)None(B)Either(C)Both(D)Neither 53.Government cannot operate effectively _____ it is free from such interference.(A)so long as(B)so that(C)unless(D)because 54.We welcome rain, but a(an)_____ large amount of rainfall will cause floods.(A)extensively(B)extremely(C)specially(D)constantly 55.Beethoven is my favorite musician.I regard him as _____ other musicians.(A)superior to(B)more superior than(C)more superior to(D)superior than 56.I hope that you'll be more careful in typing the letter.Don't _____ anything.(A)withdraw(B)omit(C)reduce(D)lead 57.We don't need air conditioning, _____.(A)nor can we afford it(C)neither can afford it(B)and nor we can afford it(D)and we can neither afford it 58.She is a very _____ secretary: she never forgets anything or makes a mistake.(A)anxious(B)effective(C)adequate(D)efficient 59.The Browns ______ here, but not any more.(A)were used to living(B)had lived(C)used to live(D)had been living 60.I'll accept any job _____ I don't have to get up early.(A)lest(B)as long as(C)in case(D)though 61.Once out of the earth's gravity, the astronauts is _____ by the problem of weightlessness.(A)affected(B)effected(C)inclined(D)related 62.Medical research has shown that the widespread of use of cigarettes contributes _____ the increase of cancers.(A)towards(B)for(C)with(D)to 63.Could you find someone _____.(A)for me to play tennis with(C)play tennis with(B)for me to play tennis(D)playing tennis with 64.The computer has brought about surprising technological changes ______ we organize and produce information.(A)in a way(B)in the way(C)in that way(D)in no way 65.The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _____ after 11:00 p.m.(A)not to play loud music(C)don't play loud music(B)shouldn't play loud music(D)couldn't play loud music 66.He is late again today.I'll _____ that he will not be late tomorrow.(A)be sure(B)hope for(C)felt(D)to be felt 67.In Australia the Asians make their influence ______ in businesses large and small.(A)feeling(B)feel(C)felt(D)to be felt 68.This popular sports car is now being _____ at the rate of a thousand a week.(A)turned down(B)turned out(C)turned up(D)turned on 69.In Britain people drive _____ the left.(A)at(B)on(C)to(D)in 70.This programme will examine the writer's books in detail, _____ an introduction to her life.(A)following(B)having followed(C)being followed(D)to be followed Part IV Cloze(15 minutes)As the place circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong.The plane was moving unsteadily through the air, and 71 the passengers had fastened their seat belts, they were suddenly 72 forward.At that moment, the air-hostess 73.She looked very pale, but was quite 74.Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she 75 everyone that the pilot had 76 and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines--or at 77 how to drive a car.After a moment's 78 , a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot's cabin.Moving the pilot 79 , the man took his seat and listened carefully to the 80 instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport 81.The plane was now dangerously close 82 the ground, but to everyone's 83 , it soon began to climb.The man had to 84 the airport several times in order to

become 85 with the controls of the plane.86 the danger had not yet passed.The terrible 87 came when he had to land.Following 88 , the man guided the plane to ward the airfield.It shook violently 89 it touched the ground and then moved rapidly 90 the runway and after a long run it stopped safely.71.(A)although(B)while(C)therefore(D)then 72.(A)shifted(B)thrown(C)put(D)moved 73.(A)showed(B)presented(C)exposed(D)appeared 74.(A)well(B)still(C)calm(D)quiet 75.(A)inquired(B)insured(C)informed(D)instructed 76.(A)fallen(B)failed(C)faded(D)fainted 77.(A)best(B)least(C)length(D)first 78.(A)hesitation(B)surprise(C)doubt(D)delay 79.(A)back(B)aside(C)about(D)off 80.(A)patient(B)anxious(C)urgent(D)nervous 81.(A)beneath(B)under

(C)down(D)below 82.(A)to(B)by(C)near(D)on 83.(A)horror(B)trust(C)pleasure(D)relief

84.(A)surround(B)circle(C)observe(D)view 85.(A)intimate(B)familiar(C)understood(D)close 86.(A)Then(B)Therefore(C)But(D)Moreover 87.(A)moment(B)movement(C)idea(D)affair 88.(A)impression(B)information(C)inspections(D)instructions 89.(A)as(B)unless(C)while(D)so 90.(A)around(B)over(C)along(D)above Part V Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The World Is Getting Smaller and Smaller.You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:

1.現(xiàn)代的交通工具越來越發(fā)達(dá) 2.人與人之間的交往越來越頻繁 3.結(jié)論 94.1 Part I 1—20題

1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.D 17.B 18.C 19.A

20.D Part II ——Part IV 21——90題 21.B 22.C 23.A 24.D 25.A 26.C 27.A 28.A 29.B 30.C 31.B 32.D 33.A 34.C 35.A 36.A 37.B 38.D 39.D 40.C 41.D 42.D 43.A 44.A 45.C 46.C 47.C 48.B 49.D 50.D 51.A 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.A 56.B 57.A 58.D 59.C 60.B 61.A 62.D 63.A 64.B 65.B 66.B 67.C 68.B 69.B 70.A 71.A 72.B 73.B 74.C 75.C 76.D 77.B 78.A 79.B 80.C 81.D 82.A 83.D 84.B 85.B 86.C 87.A 88.D 89.A 90.C 真題網(wǎng)提供