第一篇：段落閱讀題答案

落花枝頭

初到江南，就碰上了梅雨季節(jié)。一夜枕上聽雨，輾轉(zhuǎn)不能成寐，清晨推窗望去，雨卻停了。天頂上，濃云尚未散開，低低壓著房檐;空中還飄浮著若有若無的雨絲;天地間彌漫著一層濕漉漉、靜悄悄的青黛色霧靄。院子中，一叢綠樹被染得濃蔭如墨。朦朧的墨綠中，清晰地閃著點(diǎn)點(diǎn)火紅的花朵，宛如一闋厚重、平和的弦樂聲中，跳出了一管清脆、歡躍的笛音，給這雨后陰沉的清晨，增添了不少生氣。

咦，已是春花紅褪的初夏，什么花開得這般熱烈?

循著被雨水潤白的碎石小路走去，我猛地記起了楊萬里的初夏即事詩：“卻是石榴知立夏，年年此日一花開?！苯耙豢矗皇鞘窕?。這是四株石榴樹，分列在窄窄的甬道兩側(cè)，枝丫交錯(cuò)，搭起了一座花紅葉綠的天然門樓。樹只有一個(gè)人高，花卻開得十分繁茂。低頭鉆進(jìn)樹叢，真像是上元之夜倘徉于燈市之中。前后左右，俯仰四顧，都是火苗一樣燃燒著的石榴花。

早就聽說石榴花是邊開花邊結(jié)果，花與子并生枝頭，十分壯觀。如今看去，果真如此。這滿樹密密層層的花果，真像是一個(gè)姊妹比肩的大家庭，在從花到果的生長過程中，呈現(xiàn)出變化微妙的千姿百態(tài)——有的蓓蕾婷立，含苞待放;有的半開半合，微露金蕊;有的翩然怒放，噴紅流彩;有的花瓣已落，子實(shí)新萌;也有的花萼圓鼓鼓地脹起，果實(shí)已初具規(guī)模，挺在枝頭，隨風(fēng)搖曳。

啊，這些正在開放的花朵、正在成熟的果實(shí)，多像一群天真爛漫、無憂無慮的孩子。可是，一陣微風(fēng)吹過，我感到點(diǎn)點(diǎn)水珠灑落下來。這是花兒果兒們的淚水嗎?水珠灑落地上，地上是一片落花的世界。是了，花果灑淚是在向落花依依惜別，是在感激落花的深情。落花靜靜地躺在大地的懷抱，那么坦然，那么安寧，火紅的花瓣在雨水中浸得發(fā)脹，將黑黑的泥土染成一片緋色。我第一次注意到落花景象是這般壯麗，一種內(nèi)在的美好情操震顫著我的心。昨天，也許它還在枝頭上為花蕊擋風(fēng)遮雨，那艷麗的容貌，芬芳的呼吸，引來蜂蝶，傳送花粉，孕育新生。

今天，新的生命開始生長了，為了讓果實(shí)得到更多的陽光和養(yǎng)料，它毫不留戀枝頭的繁華，毫不夸耀自己的成績，在斜風(fēng)細(xì)雨中翩然飄落。躺在地上，它還在翹望枝頭，看到萌生的果實(shí)替代了它原來的位置，依然顯示著生命的美好，它放心了，落而無憾。它放心了，卻沒有忘記自己的歸宿。秋風(fēng)秋雨中，它將自己和樸實(shí)的大地融為一體，又在準(zhǔn)備滋養(yǎng)明年的花了?！奥浼t不是無情物，化作春泥更護(hù)花?！饼彾ㄢ值男暮吐浠芍^相通。人常說：開花結(jié)果。殊不知，花落了，果實(shí)才能成熟。據(jù)說有一種火石榴樹，開起花來復(fù)瓣繁英，十分好看，卻是從來不結(jié)果的。從這個(gè)意義上來說，落花正是新生的標(biāo)志，實(shí)在值得大書特書。

然而，千百年來，關(guān)于落花的詩卻多是傷感的，哀惋的。黑暗的時(shí)代，狂暴的風(fēng)雨，常令未果之花備受挫磨而夭謝，于是，“流水落花春去也”、“無可奈何花落去”……就成了千古名句。它們的作者，或是傷春怨女，紅顏薄命，或是落魄文人，懷才不遇，只好將花喻己，抒解愁腸。君不見，《紅樓夢》中“埋香冢飛燕泣殘紅”，黛玉小姐的一首葬花詞，哭癡了多少人的心。對于摧殘人才，踐踏新生的社會(huì)，這是一個(gè)曲折的控訴和抗?fàn)?。今天，這樣的時(shí)代應(yīng)該是過去了。我們的國家如同這綴著晨露的石榴樹，花果同枝，生機(jī)蓬勃。每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該是一朵花，該開時(shí)，盡心竭力地開，該落時(shí)，坦坦蕩蕩地落，無論是翹立枝頭，還是俯身泥土，都不忘培育新生的使命。這樣，我們的事業(yè)就會(huì)新陳代謝，永葆青春的活力。

細(xì)微的簌簌聲打斷了我的遐想，又是幾片飛紅飄落下來?！奥浠ㄞo樹雖無語，別倩黃鸝告訴春?！倍嗲榈穆浠ㄎ悬S鸝向春天囑咐什么呢?請明年枝頭上再看吧，那滿樹的繁花碩果就是答案。

《落花枝頭》閱讀題目：

1、文章開頭對江南梅雨的描寫有什么作用?從兩個(gè)角度回答。(4分)

2、本文語言形象生動(dòng)而富有意蘊(yùn)，請按要求分析下面兩個(gè)句子：(8分)

(1)“低頭鉆進(jìn)樹叢，真像是上元之夜徜徉于燈市之中”，作者用這個(gè)比喻，突出石榴花的什么特征?(2分)

(2)“對于摧殘人才，踐踏新生的社會(huì)，這是一個(gè)曲折的控訴和抗?fàn)帯保@種控訴和抗?fàn)帪槭裁凑f是“曲折”的?(3分)

(3)最后一段有“多情的落花委托黃鸝向春天囑咐什么呢?”一句，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，說說落花囑咐的內(nèi)容。(3分)

3、同是落花，今天作者的感受是“壯麗”，而舊時(shí)文人怨女的感受卻是“傷感、哀惋”，這兩個(gè)時(shí)代的人為什么會(huì)有這不同的感受?(4分)

4、文章熱情贊頌了落花的“美好情操”，根據(jù)文章的描寫，分三點(diǎn)概括落花的美好情操。(6分)

《落花枝頭》閱讀答案：

1、(1)為寫“水珠灑落”、“花果灑淚”作鋪墊

(2)以天氣的陰沉反襯(襯托)石榴花的火紅

2、(1)開得十分繁茂

(2)落花喻指(象征)被摧殘的人才、被踐踏的新生，用詩文表達(dá)對落花的哀惋嘆息，不是對黑暗社會(huì)的直接控訴，所以說“曲折”。(意思對即給分)

(3)明年春天必“繁花碩果”，生機(jī)蓬勃。(答案在最后一句上)

3、因?yàn)榻裉斓摹奥浠ā笔菫榍蟮眯律瑸樾碌纳霈F(xiàn)而主動(dòng)離開樹枝，而舊時(shí)的“落花”是風(fēng)雨的摧殘，是“未果之花備受挫磨而天謝”。(只答“時(shí)代的不同”不給分)

4、(1)它曾為花蕊擋風(fēng)遮雨，孕育新生。

(2)它不曾留戀枝頭的繁華，不夸耀自己的功績。(它讓位于新生之果，讓其更好地成長)

(3)它落而無憾，又準(zhǔn)備滋養(yǎng)明年的花。

《落花枝頭》閱讀答案，以供同學(xué)們參考，希望花落枝頭的時(shí)節(jié)，在美好的期待中，同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)越來越好!

第二篇：段落,句子,題目的作用

句子，段落，題目在文中的作用

一、段落的作用：

1、開頭段：

統(tǒng)攝全篇，提綱挈領(lǐng)，領(lǐng)起下文，引出懸念，開門見山，渲染氣氛，奠定基調(diào)，或?yàn)楹笪淖鲣亯|、埋下伏筆。

2、過渡段：

承上啟下（或啟下），引出下文。

3、結(jié)尾段：

總結(jié)全文，呼應(yīng)前文或題目，深化、升華主旨，卒章顯志，言有盡而意無窮，回味深長，承接上文欲揚(yáng)先抑的手法，畫龍點(diǎn)睛，與首段相照應(yīng)使結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，含蓄深刻，啟發(fā)聯(lián)想，象征、暗示、點(diǎn)名或揭示。

4、環(huán)境描寫的作用：

①是否交代了故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間地點(diǎn)，設(shè)置了背景，②是否渲染了氣氛，為后面內(nèi)容做鋪墊

③是否奠定基調(diào)，④是否烘托了人物的心情，表現(xiàn)人物性格

⑤是否烘托了人物形象，⑥是否推動(dòng)情節(jié)的發(fā)展。

5、引用或文學(xué)性強(qiáng)的語段：

創(chuàng)造文化氛圍或??行文章法思路開闊，再結(jié)合文章語境分析。

6、寫景的語段：

①交代作品的時(shí)代背景，烘托、渲染??氣氛，②為下文埋下伏筆，表現(xiàn)人物??的心情，③暗示社會(huì)環(huán)境，④結(jié)合具體語境：設(shè)置了??的背景，烘托形象，⑤深化主題，與開頭形成照應(yīng)，⑥使文章形象、生動(dòng)、細(xì)膩，⑦使讀者有身臨其境之感，增強(qiáng)文章感染力。

7、其他語段：

呼應(yīng)上文，形成對比，補(bǔ)充說明等等。

二、句子的作用：

1、中心句：

點(diǎn)明中心、揭示主旨。畫龍點(diǎn)睛。

2、點(diǎn)睛句：

點(diǎn)明全文中心，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文；句子含義深刻，耐人尋味，讀后能給人以啟迪。

3、情感句：

抒發(fā)強(qiáng)烈內(nèi)在情感，直抒胸臆。

4、矛盾句：

從字面上看自相矛盾，但作者卻寄寓了深刻的用意。揭示深刻內(nèi)涵，表達(dá)深刻見解。

三、題目的作用：

1、記敘文題目點(diǎn)明了地點(diǎn)：

如《錢塘江觀潮》,還交代了主要事件是觀潮,全文緊緊圍繞題目的限制范圍

展開敘述。

2、題目有的交代主要內(nèi)容：如魯迅的《阿長與〈山海經(jīng)〉》；

3、有的揭示(或暗示)主旨：如《長在巖石下面的小花》；《董存瑞舍身炸暗堡》舍身一詞就高度贊揚(yáng)了董存瑞為了革命事業(yè)壯烈犧牲的大無畏的英雄氣概

4、有的點(diǎn)明線索：如魯迅的《從百草園到三味書屋》；

5、有的交代描寫對象：如老舍的《濟(jì)南的冬天》；

6、有的交代故事發(fā)生環(huán)境：如孫犁的《蘆花蕩》；

7、有的設(shè)置懸念：如《城市給了我們什么》等。

8、議論文題目往往揭示(暗示)論題或論點(diǎn)。

9、說明文的題目往往交代說明對象或?qū)ο蟮奶攸c(diǎn)。

注：分析題目作用，要把握文章中心，聯(lián)系主要內(nèi)容，考慮題目的來源，擬題的依據(jù)，題目的內(nèi)涵，深層意義，考慮題目所用的手法，分析題目的比喻義、雙關(guān)義、象征義等等，此外，還要考慮題目的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，綜合各種信息、分析具體情況，再做全面表述。

如：易水之濱，高漸離擊筑，悲涼的旋律中，荊軻告別燕太子丹，踏上刺秦的不歸路，他身后的蘆花，一定在蕭蕭寒風(fēng)中輕腸，烏江之畔，四面楚歌，西楚霸王柔腸寸斷，在“虞兮虞兮奈若何”的哀嘆聲中，虞姬揮動(dòng)長劍，裙袂飄飄，作最后的生命之舞。在她倒下的地方，白霧茫茫，一片縞素，那是一岸的蘆花在為這悲愴的訣別飄雪飛霜。汩羅江邊，披發(fā)行吟的屈原，掩涕嘆息，仰天長問。臣專權(quán)，楚王昏庸。居廟堂，不能為民解難；謫鄉(xiāng)野，不能為民解難。生命的大寂寞郁結(jié)于心，奔突于胸，使詩人縱身大江，蕩起的漣漪是蘆葦悲鳴的淚滴，在濕濕的夜色中流淌。青青的葦葉包裹起后人的崇敬和思念，投入歷史的長河，成為端午節(jié)最深沉的紀(jì)念。

（選自張馳《心中的蘆葦》）

“蘆花”在該段中起到了哪些作用？（分條作答）

答案為：（1）是串連事件的線索。（2）渲染了悲涼的氣氛。（3）蘆花見證、記錄、蘊(yùn)涵著歷史的痛苦和滄桑。（4）表達(dá)了同情或崇敬的感情。

例文一

村路怎能不彎呢

①村路怎能不彎呢？

②好的地方，都讓人家、河流、田地占住了，留給路的，實(shí)在太少了。③路從不計(jì)較這些，很知足，知足常樂。天天，撿著這些人腳跡、牛腳跡、狗腳跡吃著，小日子過得滋潤著。尤其是在冬天，有人穿著布鞋，剛剛從家里烤火出來，留下一行人腳跡，還是暖乎乎的。夏天的牛腳跡又肥又大，聞一聞，還帶著青草的味兒，還帶著蘑菇的味兒。狗腳跡一長串，小小的，就像我家屋檐下，掛著的一長串板栗，不著急吃，待其風(fēng)干，又是另外一種風(fēng)味了。偶爾，還會(huì)有一兩只野豬、狗獾之類的，偷偷地下山來，留下一朵朵野梅花樣的腳跡，更是難得一嘗的野味了。這村路，還真不羨慕那些大馬路呢，窄一點(diǎn)有什么關(guān)系呢？彎一點(diǎn)有什么關(guān)系呢？

④其實(shí)，路何嘗又不想寬一點(diǎn)、直一點(diǎn)？

⑤路從我家里延伸出來，走不到十幾米，迎面就是二哥家的一堵墻壁。你總不能叫路穿過那堵墻而去，于是，路只得拐一個(gè)彎了。路又走了五六十米，翠花曾婆家的房子，正橫在路當(dāng)中。路有什么辦法？只好又拐了一個(gè)彎，從翠

花曾婆家門前過去，翠花曾婆人真好，碰上一棵樹，也能說上半天話。不管張

三、李四，還是王二麻子，從她家門前經(jīng)過，只要她在家，看見了，都要邀請人家進(jìn)屋坐坐，喝一碗茶。那些遠(yuǎn)道而來的賣窯貨的、販樹的，經(jīng)常在她家歇腳。你們這些人啊，都是沾了路的光了！路這個(gè)彎也拐得值了！路再往前走，又碰上了春伢家的豬圈。照理說，這又臟又臭的豬圈，應(yīng)該讓一讓路吧。路不想說這些，更不想去和豬圈爭，彎就彎點(diǎn)吧。

⑥路七拐八彎，總算出了村子。村外就是田畈，一塊塊田，未免也太霸道了一點(diǎn)，總想多占些地盤，你用手推我一下，我用屁股擠你一下。本來應(yīng)該是一條直路，硬是讓它們擠彎了，擠窄了。我想，路一定也被擠痛了，不過它不會(huì)說而已。我說你們這些田呀，不要再擠了，讓路從這里經(jīng)過吧。沒有這條路，牛怎么來耕田？稻子成熟了，人怎么來收割？路彎過了田地，遇到了河流，沒有橋，在河里放幾個(gè)跳石，人踩著跳石過去，這是秋冬。倘若到了梅雨天，過不了幾天，發(fā)一場洪水，淹沒了那幾個(gè)跳石，路還得去彎，從上游的一座石橋上穿過去。又遇到了人家的萊園，你也總不能叫路穿過人家的菜園而去，把人家好端端的萊園，弄成路這邊一半，路那邊一半，再彎一彎吧。前面，路又遇到了誰家的祖墳？更不能去打攪祖老人家的睡眠呀。路悄悄地，彎了個(gè)大彎，多少個(gè)彎都彎了，不在乎這一個(gè)彎。

⑦“山重水復(fù)疑無路，柳暗花明又一村?！甭返缴角埃坪鯖]有地方可去了，真有些讓人懷疑，是不是走錯(cuò)了。路和你開玩笑呢，走過去，拐一個(gè)彎，嗬，在山?jīng)_里，又是一個(gè)大村子，屋檐連著屋檐，炊煙纏著炊煙，一條小河繞屋流過，河畔有三兩垂柳，五六月季，十七八鵝。

1、第①段在全文中起什么作用？

2、本文主要運(yùn)用了什么修辭手法？請選擇一處進(jìn)行賞析。

3、讀第⑤⑥段，我家門前的路彎過了哪些地方？請按順序摘錄。

如：墻壁、、、、、、。

4、品讀第⑦段，體會(huì)詩句“山重水復(fù)疑無路，柳暗花明又一村?！痹谖闹杏泻巫饔?？

答案

1、開門見山點(diǎn)題貫穿全文的線索總領(lǐng)全文引起讀者的思考和閱讀興趣（答出一點(diǎn)即可）

2、運(yùn)用了擬人手法，如“路不想說這些，更不想去和豬圈爭，彎就彎點(diǎn)吧?！北憩F(xiàn)了村路與世無爭、豁達(dá)寬容的性格特征。（可以選其他例句，賞析有理即可）

3、房子、豬圈、田地、河流、菜園、祖墳。

4、引用詩句呈現(xiàn)出了更加美好的意境，進(jìn)入了更新的境界，深化了文章主題。領(lǐng)起下文，增添文采。（言及一點(diǎn)，意思相近即可）

例文二

你的眼淚，我的成人禮

①開學(xué)三天后，我如愿當(dāng)上了班長。我在高中時(shí)一直做班長，有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，所以充滿自信。

②我希望一個(gè)班級能有好的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神和面貌。當(dāng)天下午，我走上講臺對大家說：“打擾各位同學(xué)幾分鐘，為了方便大家聯(lián)系，我決定在班里開通飛信?！雹邸笆裁词秋w信啊？”前排，一個(gè)短頭發(fā)的女生問。

④“就是綜合通信服務(wù)啊，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和手機(jī)間的無縫通信服務(wù)??通俗點(diǎn)說吧，就是可以群體使用的短信息，免費(fèi)的，就像QQ群，我們班先建立起自己的飛信群?！?/p>

⑤短頭發(fā)的女生吐吐舌頭，有點(diǎn)不好意思，然后半開玩笑地說：“我從小縣城來的，消息不靈通。”好多同學(xué)笑起來。我也笑了笑說：“如果大家都明白了的話，把手機(jī)號報(bào)給我??”

⑥我的話還沒說完，聽到有個(gè)男生問：“必須要用手機(jī)嗎？”

⑦“當(dāng)然，不用手機(jī)怎么發(fā)短信？”我不解地向后看去，問話的，是個(gè)皮膚微黑的男生，瘦瘦的，但是眼睛很亮，唇角微微上揚(yáng)，有點(diǎn)倔強(qiáng)的表情。但是我沒想到那個(gè)男生忽然站起來說：“我沒有手機(jī)。”

⑧“去買一個(gè)啊。”我不假思索地脫口而出。

⑨“我是從農(nóng)村來的，家里窮，家里還有奶奶和妹妹，母親身體不好，一家人的生活都靠父親在城里做建筑工。我上大學(xué)的學(xué)費(fèi)是父親借來的，在大學(xué)里怎么生活下去，還要靠我自己，所以對不起，雖然我熱愛我們的班級，但是班里的飛信群，我不能參加。”說完，那個(gè)男生朝外走去。

⑩我愣住了，而此刻，全班同學(xué)，也都鴉雀無聲。那個(gè)高高瘦瘦的男生，穿著普通的藍(lán)色運(yùn)動(dòng)裝，白球鞋，街邊小攤的廉價(jià)物品，做工粗糙??而裹在這樣劣質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)裝里的背影，卻依然挺拔。

卻依然挺拔。

（11）許久，我站在那里，感覺心里有一種從未有過的慚愧、自責(zé)，甚至有一種失效。

（12）第二天，我在教室里掛了一塊黑板，我說：“以后有什么消息，我會(huì)寫在黑板上通知大家，請大家留意！”然后，走到教室后面，走到那個(gè)拒絕了我并敢于承認(rèn)貧窮的男生面前，什么都沒有說，只是彎下身，深深地鞠了一躬。

（13）教室的某個(gè)角落，發(fā)出了孤單的掌聲，很快，掌聲多了起來，連成了片。

（14）我抬起頭的時(shí)候，那個(gè)高高的倔強(qiáng)的男生清亮的眼睛里，盈滿了淚水。

（15）這一天，是我18歲生日，雖然我收到了許多貴重的禮物，但是我知道，這眼淚，才是生活送給我的真正的成人禮。

1、通讀全文，理清“我”的心理變化脈絡(luò)，在空白處填上恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語。（）→（）→自責(zé)、失敗→真誠、成熟

2、第⑩段劃線句子運(yùn)用了什么描寫方法？表現(xiàn)了人物怎樣的性格特征？

3、第（13）段運(yùn)用了側(cè)面描寫，你認(rèn)為在這里有什么作用？

4、你怎樣理解“這眼淚，才是生活送給我的真正的成人禮?！边@句話？

5、如果小說第（11）段改成“許久，我站在那里，感覺心里有一種從未有過的不屑、恥辱，甚至有一種憤恨?！闭埬銥樾≌f改寫一個(gè)結(jié)尾（簡述即可）。答案：

1、自信、優(yōu)越感（或驕傲）

2、主要運(yùn)用了外貌描寫（或肖像描寫），表現(xiàn)了男生雖家境貧困，但性格倔強(qiáng)、自尊、不卑不亢。（意思相近即可）

3、描寫同學(xué)們的掌聲渲染了氣氛，襯托了人物形象，是對“我”的一種贊賞。（抓住渲染、襯托、贊賞，其中一點(diǎn)即可）

4、點(diǎn)明主題，男生感動(dòng)的眼淚，讓“我”明白了尊重別人，就會(huì)獲得別人的尊重。男生感動(dòng)的淚水，讓“我”學(xué)會(huì)了成熟、理智地處理事情，突然覺得自己長大了。（言及一點(diǎn)，意思相近即可）

5、示例1：“我”堅(jiān)持使用了飛信，只有那個(gè)農(nóng)村男生沒有參加，我們漸漸地也疏遠(yuǎn)了他。

示例2：開學(xué)的第一件事就草草收場，同學(xué)們不欣賞“我”的傲慢，“我”的威信也大打折扣。（結(jié)尾設(shè)計(jì)合情合理即可）

例文三

那年大雪

那年雪好大，鵝毛片片飛。

梁子回來了。穿著皮夾克，披著黃大衣，足蹬大馬靴，威武得像個(gè)軍官。梁子在城里做生意，沒幾年的光景就發(fā)了，是我們這一帶窮山溝的名人。狗兒、海子和我的母親提前幾天就托人給梁子捎了話，希望他這次回來，能把我們帶出去，跟著他見見世面，掙不掙錢無關(guān)緊要。

梁子見到我，先一愣，后大笑，拍著我剛剃的光頭說：“好小子，哥就需要你這樣的人?！?/p>

海子也在院內(nèi)。海子手里牽著一只小綿羊，雪白的毛，彎彎的角，很溫順地低著頭。狗兒說：“梁子哥，中午咱們殺羊吃。”

圍觀的人都齊聲叫好，落雪的小院兒頓時(shí)沸騰起來。說到殺羊，在咱村里真是少見。我們地處漢江河畔，水美草肥，家家養(yǎng)羊，可自家很少吃，大都賣給羊販子。要想很利索地殺死一只羊，還真是件棘手的事。

為了表現(xiàn)自己，海子先動(dòng)起了手。他把羊往樹上一拴，從灶房拿出一把菜刀就向羊奔來。海子向左，羊角向左，海子向右，羊角向右。幾個(gè)來回后，小綿羊奮力一擊，反把海子掀了個(gè)仰八叉，引來大伙兒一陣哄笑。

“山子上?！绷鹤狱c(diǎn)了我的名，我的臉就莫名其妙地發(fā)燒起來。我靠近小綿羊，小綿羊“咩咩”地叫了兩聲。它可是認(rèn)識我的，同在一個(gè)村里生活，它吃草我吃飯，抬頭不見低頭見。前天我還扯過紅薯藤給它吃呢。

我瞅它不備，彎下腰，伸出右臂，一下子摟著了小綿羊的頭，準(zhǔn)備朝小綿羊的咽喉切下。這時(shí)，我看到了小綿羊的眼睛里有了淚，晶瑩剔透，順著眼角流了下來。霎時(shí)，我心里一緊，“撲通”一聲，手里的刀和羊一起落到了地上。最后，梁子出手了。梁子笑瞇瞇地罵我們都是笨蛋。這羊表面上看起來很溫柔，其實(shí)骨子里倔犟著呢。梁子從屋里取出一棵大白菜。綠的葉，白的幫，極鮮嫩。梁子將白菜遞到小綿羊的嘴邊，小綿羊幾經(jīng)折騰，瞪著驚恐的雙眼，不聞，不吃。

“別怕，別怕，我不會(huì)殺你的?！绷鹤訕泛呛堑囟紫聛?，像對一位老朋友那么親熱。小綿羊看看梁子手里沒有刀，眼神稍稍松懈了一下。梁子以手為梳，給小綿羊搔起癢癢來，那動(dòng)作極溫順。小綿羊可能被感動(dòng)了，飽含在眼眶的一窩淚水，扯成線流了下來。

小綿羊開始吃起白菜，并將身軀靠近了梁子。大伙兒也以為梁子不再殺羊了，打著哈哈準(zhǔn)備離去。就在這時(shí)，只見梁子猛地一咬牙，飛快從袖簡里抽出

一柄匕首來，從小綿羊的頸部扎了進(jìn)去，手腕一翻，利刃直搗頸骨，然后順勢向下一劃拉??小綿羊和我們還沒明白怎么回事，只見一股鮮血噴涌而出，羊的氣管已被生生切斷。小綿羊撲倒在地，一雙翻白的眼睛瞪著梁子，嘴里還噙著一片白菜。

圍觀的人們也是一陣驚叫。梁子站起來，擦了擦帶血的匕首，自得地說，準(zhǔn)備剝皮起鍋了。

那一晚的羊肉，我至今回憶不起是個(gè)什么味道。

第二天，雪依然下，大地一片耀眼的白。梁子走了，是一個(gè)人。蒼茫的雪地上留下了一串孤獨(dú)的腳窩。

1、請你用幾句話概述這篇小小說的故事情節(jié)。

答：

2、結(jié)合上下文，品味下列句子中的加點(diǎn)詞語，指出其表達(dá)效果。

(1)圍觀的人都齊聲叫好，落雪的小院兒頓時(shí)沸騰起來。

答：

(2梁子猛地一咬牙，飛快從袖簡里抽出一柄匕首來，從小綿羊的頸部扎了進(jìn)去，手腕一翻，利刃直搗頸骨，然后順勢向下一劃拉??

答：

3、文中寫到梁子點(diǎn)“我”名時(shí)，為什么“我的臉就莫名其妙地發(fā)燒起來”? 答：

4、閱讀小說的最后一段，請你聯(lián)系全文，說說這樣結(jié)尾有何作用。答:

答案：

1、梁子回來了→梁子和我們一起殺羊→梁子孤獨(dú)地離開村子。

2、(1)“沸騰”一詞，運(yùn)用比喻和夸張的修辭手法，形象生動(dòng)地寫出圍觀者的興奮和當(dāng)時(shí)場面的熱鬧。(2)運(yùn)用動(dòng)作描寫，寫出梁子殺羊時(shí)動(dòng)作之快，下手之狠。

3、自己從來沒有殺過羊，有些緊張；預(yù)感自己不能完成殺羊任務(wù)，有些害羞；面對朝夕相處的小綿羊，有些不忍。

4、示例：這樣結(jié)尾交待了故事的結(jié)局，起到前后呼應(yīng)的作用；運(yùn)用環(huán)境描寫，以雪的白、純潔映襯“梁子”靈魂的黑暗、兇殘；含蓄地揭示了小說的主題：以欺詐、兇殘、偽善獲得的成功必遭人們唾棄。

第三篇：四級段落翻譯答案Key+to+Translation

1.中國面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)之一就是人口老齡化（aging population）。專家稱在未來四十年內(nèi)，中國老年人口將接近5億，占據(jù)人口總數(shù)的三分之一。這無疑給中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長帶來了巨大的壓力，但這也意味著更多的商機(jī)。人口老齡化將為養(yǎng)老院（nursing home）行業(yè)的發(fā)展帶來良好的前景。據(jù)粗略統(tǒng)計(jì)，5億老年人每月至少能為養(yǎng)老院行業(yè)帶來5000億元的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

Aging population is one of the most severe challenges in China.According to the experts, within four decades, China will have nearly 500 million elderly people, which accounts for one third of the total population.Such a situation will undoubtedly put huge pressure on the economic growth of China, but it also means more business opportunities.The fast-growing numbers of elderly people will bring a very good prospect for the industry of nursing homes.Based on rough statistics, half a billion elderly people can at least bring the industry an economic benefit of 500 billion every month.2.國畫（Chinese painting）指中國傳統(tǒng)繪畫，歷史悠久，遠(yuǎn)在2000多年前的戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期(Warring States Period)就出現(xiàn)了畫在絲織品上的繪畫。國畫的工具盒材料有毛筆(brush)、墨、紙盒絲綢等。國畫從題材上主要分為三類：人物、山水、花鳥。國畫起源于中國書法(calligraphy)，在本質(zhì)上是一種線性藝術(shù)，試圖采用繪畫喚起意象和感情。國畫在內(nèi)容和藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作上，體現(xiàn)了古人對自然、社會(huì)、哲學(xué)、宗教和道德的認(rèn)識。

Chinese painting, the traditional painting in China, has a long history.There were paintings on silks even in Warring States Period over 2,000 years ago.Tools and materials used in Chinese painting are brush, ink, paper and silk and so on.There are three main subjects of Chinese painting: human figures, landscapes, and birds and flowers.Originated from Chinese calligraphy, Chinese painting is essentially an art of line, which attempts to arouse images and emotions with paintings.The content and artistic creation of Chinese paintings reflect the ancient people’s recognition on nature, society, philosophy, religion and morality.3.中國長城是中國古代為抵御敵人的侵襲而修筑的偉大工程。它位于中國北部，全長約8851.8公里。它始建于2000多年前的春秋時(shí)期(the Spring and Autumn Period)，秦始皇統(tǒng)一中國之后聯(lián)成萬里長城。漢、明兩代(the Han and Ming Dynasties)又曾大規(guī)模修筑，因此它是世界上修建時(shí)間最長的一項(xiàng)古代工程。長城是人類文明史上最偉大的建造工程之一，被列為世界八大奇跡之一和世界文化遺產(chǎn)(heritage)。

The Great Wall of China is a great project in ancient China constructed to defend against the attacks of enemies.It locates in the northern part of China and stretches for 8,851.8 kilometers.First built in the Spring and Autumn Period over 2,000 years ago, it was united to become “the Wall of 10,000 Li” after Qin Shi Huang unified China.The Han and Ming Dynasties saw extensive rebuilding and maintenance of the Great Wall.Thus it is an ancient project which consumed the longest time in the world.As one of the greatest constructions in the history of human civilization, the Great Wall has been listed as one of the Eight Wonders of the World and a world cultural heritage site.4.西部大開發(fā)(western development campaign)是中國政府的一項(xiàng)政策，于2000年開始運(yùn)作。目的是提高西部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展水平。西部大開發(fā)的范圍是中國西部的12個(gè)省和自治區(qū)(autonomous region)。西部地區(qū)自然資源豐富，市場潛力大，戰(zhàn)略位置重要。但由于自然、歷史、社會(huì)等原因，西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相對東部落后。這一政策的實(shí)施可以使西部地區(qū)得到更快、更深、更廣的發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕(common prosperity)。

Western development campaign is a policy made by Chinese government and operated from 2000.Its goal is to improve the economic and social development level of the western areas.There are twelve provinces and autonomous regions covered in this campaign.The western areas have abundant natural resources with huge potential market and important strategic location.But because of natural, historical and social factors, the economic development in those areas lags behind that of the eastern areas.The implementation of the policy can bring a faster, deeper and broader development in the western areas, which will help realize common prosperity.5.漢字源于遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)期對自然景物的簡單描摹，如樹木、河水、山川、人物等。這些描摹實(shí)際上就是象形文字(pictograms)的萌芽。甲骨文(Oracles)是刻在龜殼和獸骨上的古老文字，是漢字最早的形式。漢字的創(chuàng)造和應(yīng)用對中華文明的發(fā)展起到了重要作用。漢字對世界文明的發(fā)展也產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。例如，日本、朝鮮等國家的文字都是在漢字的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)造的。Chinese characters began in ancient time as simple drawings of natural objects – trees, rivers, mountains and hills, human beings, etc.These drawings are actually the buds of “pictograms”.Oracles, the ancient characters carved onto tortoise shells and beast bones, are the earliest form of Chinese characters.The creation and use of the Chinese characters have played a significant role not only in the development of Chinese civilization, but in that of the world civilization.For example, the characters of some countries, like Japan and Korea, were created on the basis of the Chinese characters.6.孔子學(xué)院(Confucius Institute)是中國在世界各地設(shè)立的教育和文化交流機(jī)構(gòu)。推廣漢語、傳播中國文化是設(shè)立該機(jī)構(gòu)的目的。孔子學(xué)院最重要的一項(xiàng)工作就是給世界各地的漢語學(xué)習(xí)者提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的教材以及正規(guī)的漢語學(xué)習(xí)渠道。全球首家孔子學(xué)院于2004年在韓國首爾(Seoul)成立，目前已遍布100個(gè)國家?？鬃訉W(xué)院有力地推動(dòng)了中國文化與各國文化的交流與融合(integration)。

Confucius Institute is an institute of education and cultural communication established by China all over the world.Its aim is to promote Chinese language and spread Chinese culture.The most important task of Confucius Institute is to provide standard textbooks and a formal channel to learn Chinese for learners all over the world.The first Confucius Institute opened in 2004 in Seoul, South Korea.At present, it has been established in 106 countries.Confucius Institute has greatly promoted the exchange and integration of cultures between China and the rest of the world.

第四篇：四級長篇閱讀段落信息匹配題練習(xí)及答案-3

四級長篇閱讀段落信息匹配題練習(xí)及答案（3）

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.長篇閱讀

Preparing for Computer Disasters

A)Summary: When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt.Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.B)Fires, power surges, and floods, they're all facts of life.We read about them in the morning paper and see them on the evening news.We sympathize with the victims and commiserate over their bad luck.We also shake our heads at the digital consequences—melted computers, system failures, destroyed data.Yet, somehow, many of us continue to live by that old mantra of denial: “It won't happen to me.” Well, the truth is, at some point you'll probably have to deal with at least one disaster.That's just how it goes, and in most aspects of our lives we do something about it.We buy insurance.We stow away provisions.We even make disaster plans and run drills.But for some reason, computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us.It shouldn't be.Home computers contain some of our most important information, both business and personal, and making certain our data survives a disaster should be a priority.Moreover, even the smallest disaster can be a serious disruption.Personal computers have become an integral part of the smooth-running household.We use them to communicate, shop, and do homework, and they're even more vital to home office users.When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt.Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.With a good offsite storage plan and the right tools, you can bounce back quickly and easily from minor computer disasters.And, should a major calamity strike, you can rest assured your data is safe.Offsite Storage: Major Disasters

C)House fires and floods are among the most devastating causes of personal computer destruction.That's why a solid offsite backup and recovery plan is essential.Although many home users faithfully back up their hard drives, many would still lose all their data should their house flood our burn.That's because they keep their backups in relatively close to their computers.Their backup disks might not be in the same room as their computers—tucked away in a closet or even the garage—but they're not nearly far enough away should a serious disaster strike.So, it's important to back up your system to a removable medium and to store it elsewhere.D)There are many ways to approach offsite storage.It starts with choice of backup tools and storage medium.Disaster situations are stressful, and your recovery tools shouldn't add to that stress.They must be dependable and intuitive, making it easy to schedule regular backups and to retrieve files in a pinch.They must also be compatible with your choice of backup medium.Depending on your tools, you can back up to a variety of durable disk types—from CDs to Jaz drives to remote network servers.Although many of these storage media have high capacity, a backup tool with compression capabilities is a big plus, eliminating the inconvenience of multiple disks or large uploads.E)Once you select your tools and a suitable medium, you need to find a remote place to store your backups.The options are endless.However, no matter where you choose, be sure the site is secure, easily accessible, and a good distance away from your home.You may also want to consider using an Internet-based backup service.More and more service providers are offering storage space on their servers, and uploading files to a remote location has become an attractive alternative to conventional offsite storage.Of course, before using one of these services, make certain you completely trust the service provider and its security methods.Whatever you do, schedule backups regularly and store them far away from your home.Come What May: Handling the Garden Variety Computer Crisis F)Not all home computer damage results from physical disaster.Many less menacing problems can also hobble your PC or destroy your information.Systems crash, kids “rearrange” data, adults inadvertently delete files.Although these events might not seem calamitous, they can have serious implications.So, once again, it's important to be prepared.As with physical disasters, regular backups are essential.However, some of these smaller issues require a response that's more nuanced than wholesale backup and restoration.To deal with less-than-total disaster, your tool set must be both powerful and agile.For example, when a small number of files are compromised, you may want to retrieve those files alone.Meanwhile, if just your settings are affected, you'll want a simple way to roll back to your preferred setup.Yet, should your operating system fail, you'll need a way to boot your computer and perform large-scale recovery.Computer crises come in all shapes and sizes, and your backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to meet each challenge.The Right Tools for the Right Job: Gearing up for Disaster G)When disaster strikes, the quality of your backup tools can make the difference between utter frustration and peace of mind.Symantec understands this and offers a range of top quality backup and recovery solutions.Norton GoBack is the perfect tool for random system crashes, failed installations, and inadvertent deletions.With this powerful and convenient solution, it's simple to retrieve overwritten files or to bring your system back to its pre-crash state.Norton Ghost is a time-tested home office solution.Equipped to handle full-scale backups, it's also handy for cloning hard drives and facilitating system upgrades.A favorite choice for IT professionals, it's the ideal tool for the burgeoning home office.You can buy Norton Ghost and Norton GoBack separately, or get them both when you purchase Norton System Works.H)Life's disasters, large and small, often catch us by surprise.However, with a little planning and the right tools, you can reduce those disasters to bumps in the road.So, don't wait another day.Buy a good set of disaster recovery tools, set up an automatic backup schedule, and perform a dry run every now and again.Then, rest easy.對應(yīng)題目： 1.You should take steps to recover from computer disasters so as to minimize their effects.2.For some reason, computer disaster recovery is always ignored by many of us.3.You can bounce back quickly and easily minor computer disasters with the help of a good offsite storage plan and the right tools.4.The most devastating causes of personal computer destruction includes house fires and floods.5.It's necessary for us to back up our systems to some transferable medium and to put it somewhere else.6.You should find a distant place to store your backups after selecting your tools and a suitable medium.7.Not only physical disaster can damage your computer.8.The backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to deal with various computer crises.9.The quality of your backup tools determines whether you are frustrated or have a peaceful mind when disaster strikes.10.You should prepare for your computer disasters now and again.答案參考：

1.A 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞recover from computer disasters定位到本文的第一段。2.B 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞computer disaster recovery和many of us定位到本文的第二段第11句話，computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us。3.B 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞offsite storage plan and the right tools定位到本文的第二段倒數(shù)第二句話。

4.C 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞most devastating causes定位到第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第一段的第一句話可知原文提到了家庭火災(zāi)和水災(zāi)是個(gè)人電腦危機(jī)的最具毀滅性的根源。5.C 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞back up our system及medium定位到第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第一段的最后一句話。

6.E 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞find a remote place to store your backups定位到第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第三段的第一句話。

7.F 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞physical disaster定位到第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的前兩句話。8.F 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞backup and recovery tools及computer crises定位到第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的最后一句話。

9.G 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞The quality of your backup tools和frustrated定位到第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第一段的第一句話。

10.H 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞prepare for your computer，總結(jié)文章最后一段大意即可找到答案。

第五篇：2014.6段落翻譯練習(xí)及答案

段落翻譯練習(xí)及答案 1.茶馬古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)兩邊，生活著20多個(gè)少數(shù) 民族。不同的地方有著各自美麗而神奇的自然風(fēng)景和傳統(tǒng)文化，比 如:大理，麗江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅魯藏布江大峽谷和布 達(dá)拉宮(Potala Palace)。古道的兩旁有廟宇、巖石壁畫、騷站(post house),古橋和木板路，還有少數(shù)民族舞蹈和民族服裝。時(shí)至今天，雖然這條古道的蹤跡都消失了，但它的文化和歷史價(jià)值仍然存在。

Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori?ties.Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace.The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads.It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs.Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.2.京劇(Beijing Opera)是中國的國粹。作為一門古老的藝術(shù)，京 劇的服裝（costume)、臉譜(facial mask)更易被人喜愛。不同的服裝 類型反映不同的人物身份特征。富貴者的服裝綴滿精美的刺繡;窮困 者的服裝則簡單樸素，少有裝飾(elemental)。臉譜是京劇中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的顏色在臉上勾畫出來的。臉譜的顏 色讓人一看便知角色(portray)的善惡。比如白色代表奸詐(treachery)，黑色代表正直不阿，黃色是驍勇，藍(lán)、綠色多用于綠林好漢(rebellious fighters)，金、銀色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。

Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture.As a traditional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people.Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters.There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental.Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters.Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character.People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.3.聯(lián)合國下屬機(jī)構(gòu)世界旅游組織(World Tourism Organization)公 布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國游客對全球旅游業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)最大。中國人去年花 在出境游上的支出膨脹至1020億美元，同2011年相比增長了 40%。聯(lián)合國世界旅游組織在其網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的一份聲明中說，這一增幅令 中國迅速超越德國和美國。后兩者在之前是出境游支出最高的兩個(gè) 國家。2012年德美兩國出境旅游支出均同比增長6%,約840億美元。

The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry.Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011.That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S.— the former No.1 and No.2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year-on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a statement on its website.4.中國城市化(urbanization)將會(huì)充分釋放潛在內(nèi)需（domestic demand)。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家指出，在中國幾乎所有的發(fā)展中城市都面臨 著城市化的進(jìn)程。這使得許多人的生活水平有所提高，也為人們提 供更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。隨著越來越多的人向城市遷徙，住房及城市基 礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)(infrastructure construction),包括水源等能源的供應(yīng)將會(huì) 成為城市發(fā)展的焦點(diǎn)問題。商品與服務(wù)的自由、快速流通是城市化 社會(huì)的一項(xiàng)基本特征。逐漸擴(kuò)張的城市需要更多的零售店來滿足消 費(fèi)者的需求。

China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand.Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country.It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities.The construction of housing and city infrastructure, including water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban development as more people migrate to cities.Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city.But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation.The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society.Expanding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers.5.絲綢之路(the Silk Road)是歷史上連接中國和地中海的一條重要 貿(mào)易路線。因?yàn)檫@條路上的絲綢貿(mào)易占絕大部分，所以在1877年它 被德國的一位地理學(xué)家命名為“絲綢之路”。這條古道從長安開始，經(jīng)過河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到達(dá)敦煌后分成三條：南部路線，中部路線和北部路線。這三條路遍布新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后擴(kuò)展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度，甚至羅馬。

The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean.Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer.This ancient road begins at Chang’an, then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route，Central Route and Northern Route.The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.6.四合院是從明代的北京延續(xù)下來的古典建筑風(fēng)格的住宅。四合 院之間的狹窄的街道被稱為“胡同”。_個(gè)四合院有園林包圍著四個(gè) 房子，有高高的圍墻保護(hù)。四合院與胡同都是人們常見到的，有超 過700多年的歷史，但是由于現(xiàn)在的城市改造和中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，四合院慢慢地從北京消失。

Si He Yuan is a classical architecture style of residential housing of Beijing citizens dated from the Ming Dynasty.The narrow streets between the Si He Yuan are called “Hutong，’s.A single implementation of Si He Yuan comprises of garden surrounded by four houses and protected by high walls.Si He Yuan with Hutong which have been very familiar to people，having a history of more than 700 years now suffer from the urban renovation and economic development of China, and they are slowly disappearing from Beijing.7.孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中國儒 學(xué)(the Ru School)思想的創(chuàng)始人。儒學(xué)(Confucianism)，這個(gè)道德和 宗教哲學(xué)的大系統(tǒng)建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教學(xué)上。馮友蘭，中國思想史上20世紀(jì)偉大的的權(quán)威之一，把孔子在中國歷史上的影 響比作西方的蘇格拉底。

Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought.Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung.Fung Youlan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius9 influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.8.根據(jù)全國老齡工作委員會(huì)(the China National Committee On Aging)的數(shù)據(jù)來看，到2053年，中國60歲及以上的老人數(shù)量預(yù)計(jì) 會(huì)從目前的1.85億一躍變?yōu)?.87億，或者說是占總?cè)丝诘?5%。擴(kuò) 張的比例是由于壽命的增加和計(jì)劃生育政策(family planning policies)限制大部分城市家庭只生一個(gè)孩子?？焖倮淆g化對社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定 造成了嚴(yán)重威脅。

The number of people aged 60 and above in China is expected to jump from the current 18

5million to 487 million, or 35 percent of the population, by 2053，according to figures from the China National Committee On Aging.The expanding ratio is due both an increase in life expectancy and by family planning policies that limit most urban families to a single child.Rapid aging poses serious threats to the country’s social and economic stability.9.景德鎮(zhèn)，中國瓷都(ceramic metropolis)，是世界瓷器藝術(shù)花園的 耀眼明珠。它位于長江南部，是江南一個(gè)有活力的城鎮(zhèn)。它制造瓷 器(porcelain)的歷史已經(jīng)有1700多年，已經(jīng)形成了豐富的瓷器文化。稀有的瓷器文物，一流的瓷器工藝，瓷樂器的優(yōu)雅表演，以及優(yōu)美 的田園風(fēng)光組成了景德鎮(zhèn)特別的旅游文化，而且讓景德鎮(zhèn)成為中國 唯一一個(gè)以瓷器旅游文化為特色的旅游城市。

Jingdezhen known as the ceramic metropolis of china is a brilliant pearl in the world’s art garden of ceramics.It is located on the south of the Yangtze River as a powerful Town on the south of the Yangtze River.It has a porcelain making history of over 1700 years，which has been crystallized into its rich cultural tradition of ceramics.Rare ceramic relics, superb ceramic craftsmanship，unique ceramic customs, graceful performance of ceramic musical instruments and beautiful rural scenery make up the peculiar tourist culture of Jingdezhen and hence make Jingdezhen the only Chinese tourist city featuring ceramic culture.10.中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，帶來了消費(fèi)文化的曰益流行，同時(shí)也催 生了一批具有高學(xué)歷，充分享受資本主義消費(fèi)模式的年輕人，他 們習(xí)慣于當(dāng)月工資當(dāng)月花。因而被稱為“月光族”（the moonlight group)?！霸鹿庾濉币辉~出現(xiàn)于20世紀(jì)90年代后期，是用來諷刺那 些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的 年輕人。

China’s economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day.At the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumption way.They’re used to spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are called t6the moonlight group”.This word came into being during the 1990s, to make fun of those boom into wealth，who have received a high education, and who appreciate fast food culture.11.端午節(jié)，又叫龍舟節(jié)，是為了紀(jì)念愛國詩人屈原。屈原是一位忠誠和受人敬仰的大 臣（minister）,他給國家?guī)砹撕推胶头睒s。但最后因?yàn)槭艿秸u謗（vilify）而最終投河自 盡。人們撐船到他自盡的地方，拋下粽子，希望魚兒吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身軀。幾 千年來，端午節(jié)的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和賽龍舟，尤其是 在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified.People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body.For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.12.中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶膳食是節(jié)日必不可少的伴侶。例如，我國的端午節(jié)(the Dragon Boat Festival)是紀(jì)念古代 詩人屈原的日子。那一天，人們通常要賽龍舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征 著圓滿，象征著家庭團(tuán)聚。因此，中秋節(jié)(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅。春節(jié)是中國 的農(nóng)歷新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday)，除了常見的家禽和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地方習(xí)俗 烹制傳統(tǒng)食物，如鉸子和年糕。

Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals.For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day.The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon.The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion.The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake.The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday.Besides the popular poultry and meat, peoplecook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “ 1 ” new year cake.13.假日經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)象表明：中國消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi) 觀正在發(fā)生巨大變化。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，中 國消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)需求正在從基本生活必需 品轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)π蓍e、舒適和個(gè)人發(fā)展的需求。同時(shí)，中國人的消費(fèi)觀在蓬勃發(fā)展的假日 經(jīng)濟(jì)中正變得成熟。因此產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)做相 應(yīng)調(diào)整，來適應(yīng)社會(huì)的發(fā)展。另一方面，服務(wù)質(zhì)量要改善，以滿足人們提高生活質(zhì) 量的要求。

The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes.According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development.Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development.On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.