第一篇：高中英語 Spring Festival教學(xué)素材 新人教版必修3

浙江省杭州市塘棲中學(xué)高中英語 Spring Festival教學(xué)素材 新人教

版必修3 The New Moon on the first day of the new year--the full moon 15 days later Chinese New Year starts with the New Moon（新月）on the first day of the new year and ends on the full moon（滿月）15 days later.The 15th day of the new year is called the Lantern Festival（元宵節(jié)）, which is celebrated at night with lantern displays and children carrying lanterns in a parade.The Chinese calendar is based on a combination of lunar and solar movements.The lunar cycle（月運(yùn)周期）is about 29.5 days.In order to catch up with the solar calendar the Chinese insert an extra month once every few years(seven years out of a 19-yearcycle).This is the same as adding an extra day on leap year（閏年）.This is why, according to the solar calendar, the Chinese New Year falls on a different date each year.New Year's Eve and New Year's Day are celebrated as a family affair, a time of reunion and thanksgiving.The celebration was traditionally highlighted with a religious ceremony given in honor of Heaven and Earth（萬物）, the gods of the household and the family ancestors.The sacrifice to the ancestors, the most vital of all the rituals（儀式）, united the living members with those who had passed away.Departed relatives are remembered with great respect because they were responsible for laying the foundations for the fortune and glory of the family.The presence of the ancestors is acknowledged on New Year's Eve with a dinner arranged for them at the family banquet table.The spirits of the ancestors, together with the living, celebrate the onset of the New Year as one great community.The communal feast called surrounding the stove or weilu.It symbolizes family unity and honors the past and present generations.The Origin of Chinese New Year The Chinese New Year is now popularly known as the Spring Festival because it starts from the Begining of Spring(the first of the twenty-four terms in coodination with the changes of Nature).Its origin is too old to be traced.Several explanations are hanging around.All agree, however, that the word Nian, which in modern Chinese solely means year, was originally the name of a monster beast that started to prey on people the night before the beginning of a new year.One legend goes that the beast Nian had a very big mouth that would swallow a great many people with one bite.People were very scared.One day, an old man came to their rescue, offering to subdue Nian.To Nian he said, I hear say that you are very capable, but can you swallow the other beasts of prey on earth instead of people who are by no means of your worthy opponents? So, it did swallow many of the beasts of prey on earth that also harrassed people and their domestic animals from time to time.After that, the old man disappeared riding the beast Nian.He turned out to be an immortal god.Now that Nian is gone and other beasts of prey are also scared into forests, people begin to enjoy their peaceful life.Before the old man left, he had told people to put up red paper decorations on their windows and doors at each year's end to scare away Nian in case it sneaked back again, because red is the color the beast feared the most.From then on, the tradition of observing the conquest of Nian is carried on from generation to generation.The term Guo Nian, which may mean Survive the Nian becomes today Celebrate the(New)Year as the word guo in Chinese having both the meaning of pass-over and observe.The custom of putting up red paper and firing fire-crackers to scare away Nian should it have a chance

第二篇：高中英語：Unit 5 Canada—The True North Reading(新人教必修3)

高一英語同步練習(xí)：

Unit 5 Canada—The True North

第2課時(shí)Reading 基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)

1.閱讀課文，判斷以下句子的描述是否與文章相符。（用Ｔ／Ｆ來表示）1.They went to see their cousins in Vancouver.2.You can cross Canada in less than 5 days by train.3.The girls looked out oｆthe windows and saw Native Indians and cowboys.4.They traveled in Canada from east to west.5.Canada is the biggest country in the world.6.Canada has one-third of the world’s fresh water.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

一.根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞組填空：

Li Daiyu and Liu Qian took the train in Canada from ___ to____.Their cousins’ friend, Danny Lin, took them to the train station to catch“_________”.Canada is the _____ biggest country in the world.It is 5,500 kilometres from ____ to____.As they go ____, they saw beautiful scenery as well as cities.Vancouver is _______ by mountains on the north and east.When the cousins _________in the seats, they looked out of the window.They saw ___________ and even a bear.Calgary is famous for its competition.Many of the cowboys from all over North America _________working with animals.Then they______ a wheat-growing province.Thunder Bay is a busy port.It is _____ the center of the country.That night they slept as the train rushed towards _______.二.單項(xiàng)選擇

1._____ of the village ______two small lakes.A.The east；lie

B.East；lies D.East；lie C.The east；lies

2.Seeing the happy ____ of children playing together there, I am full of joy.A.view B.sight C.sign D.scene 1 3.The total cost of their trip to Canada ________$5 000.A.added up to

B.added up C.added to

D.was added up to 4.The question came up at the meeting _____we had enough money for our research.A.that B.what C.which D.whether 5.The young man went _____the woods，swam_____ the river and came to a small village.A.in；across

B.through；across

D.into；through C.through；over

6.Finally, he ___to get out of trouble with no one helping him.A.offered

B.attempted

C.managed D.succeeded 7.John plays football______________, if not better than, David.A.as well

B.as well as

C.so well

D.so well as 8.Word came _______ the students would put off the outing until next week, when they wouldn’t be busy.

A.that B.when

C.which

D.whether 9.The _____ look _____ her face suggested that she was scared.

A.amazed;in

B.amazed;on

C.amazing;in

D.amazing;in 10.The child had only a ___ temperature, but the doctor thought the illness was serious enough for hospital treatment.A.slightly

B.lightly

C.slight

D.narrow 11.–We have wasted a lot of time ___here.Now we ought to come to the point.--OK.Let’s begin.A.chatted

B.chatting

C.having chatted

D.to chat 12.Peter received a letter just now ____ his friend would come to China.A.saying

B.said C.says D.to say 13.That river ___250 kilometres long and 60 metres wide.A.measures

B.measure

C.measured

D.measuring 14.Catching ___sight of policemen coming, the thief swiftly went out of ___sight

A.the;the

B.the;/

C./;the

D./;/ 15.The wild flowers looked like an orange blanket ___ the desert.A.covering

B.covered C.cover

D.to cover

三.根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子

1.The house ________________.警察包圍了這幢房子。2._______________ on the tree.樹上只剩下幾片葉子了。3.He ____________ music.他有音樂天賦。

4.He preferred_______________ rather than __________.他寧愿坐在家里看電視也不愿去聽音樂會(huì)。

5.______ the population of China in 2000?中國(guó)在2000年的人口是多少？

6.___________, many foreigners ______ in China.隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，許多外國(guó)人定居中國(guó)。

反饋檢測(cè)

閱讀短文并選出最佳答案。

A OTTAWA — Canada’s western city of Calgary is the world’s best city when it comes to healthy living, local press reported Monday.According to an international survey by Mercer Human Resource Consulting, a London-based consulting firm, Calgary was put at the top of a list of 144 cities.It scored 121 points, just above Honolulu’s score of 120.Helsinki（赫爾辛基，芬蘭首都）and Ottawa followed at 119.5 and 118.5 respectively.Three other Canadian cities came in the top 20.Montreal and Vancouver tied for ninth and Toronto came in at 18th.The scores are based on air pollution levels, availability and quality of hospitals and medical supplies, as well as the efficiency of waste removal and sewage systems.3

In America, the lowest scoring city was Atlanta, which was ranked 76th.Athens was the lowest scoring city in Western Europe, ranking 120th because of its air pollution.London was ranked 59th.1.How many Canadian cities are in the top 20? A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.2.Which of the following is NOT taken into account when the cities were scored? A.Weather conditions.B.Air quality.C.Waste removal.D.Medical supplies.3.Among the following cities, which is the lowest scoring one? A.Atlanta.B.Athens.C.London.D.Helsinki.B Canada is one of the few nations in the world that have two official languages：English and French.There are 10 provinces in the country but only one of these—Quebec is known as “French Canada”.This is because it was founded by French explorers while British adventurers discovered the rest.Canada left the British empire in 1867 to become an independent country，and English and French have become the official languages ever since.Most people speak English as their first language and the two national television networks broadcast in English throughout the country.Apart from in Quebec and a few places on the east coast，F(xiàn)rench television is very rare.The same goes for traffic signs and menus，for example，outside of Quebec，there are only a few places where you’ll see traffic signs in French.In restaurants，it’s almost impossible to find French on the menu unless you are in the heartland of French Canada.However，it is claimed by law thay all products sold in Canada must have labels and instructions in both languages.In Canada’s English speaking provinces，official bilingualism(雙語)means that students can choose to complete a special French language course.Under this programme，they are taught most of their subjects in French.If a student begins the course in kindergarten or Grade One，it is likely that all their lessons will be in French.However，if they start at junior high school，25 percent of the teaching will continue to be in English.4.How many provinces are there in Canada? A.Ten.B.Nine.C.Eleven.D.Two.5.Which country controlled Canada before its independence? A.France.B.Britain.C.America.D.Germany.6.Where can you watch French television programmes? A.Only in Quebec.B.In Quebec and a few other places.C.From the two national television networks.D.All over Canada.7.What about the education in Canada? A.In English speaking provinces only English courses are offered there.B.If you choose a special French language course，most of the subjects are taught in French.C.The courses in primary school are all taught in English.D.Most of the courses in junior high schools are taught in English.8.Which of the following sentences is right? A.English is the only official language，though French is also spoken there.B.The two national television networks broadcast both in English and French.C.All products sold in Canada must，by law，have labels and instructions in both English and French.D.The lessons in kindergarten or Grade One are likely to be only in English.第2課時(shí)reading 5 基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)

閱讀課文判斷以下句子描述是否與文章相符 1.F 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.T 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：

一根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容填空

west, east, The True North, second, coast, coast, eastward, surrounded, settled down, mountain goats, have a gift for, went through, close to, Toronto.二單選1.D 2.D3.A 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.C11.B 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.A 三翻譯句子

1.was surrounded by the police.2.Only a few leaves remained.3.has a gift for

4.to stay at home watching TV, go to the concert.5.What is

6.With the development of Chinese economy, have settled 反饋檢測(cè)： 閱讀理解

1C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.C

第三篇：高中英語必修3教學(xué)工作計(jì)劃

2011—2012學(xué)第一學(xué)期

教學(xué)工作計(jì)劃

本學(xué)期本人任高二(5)、(6)班的英語教學(xué)工作。在本學(xué)

期的高二英語教學(xué)工作中，要以學(xué)校工作計(jì)劃為指導(dǎo)思想，以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)和自主管理能力為主線，全面貫徹落實(shí)新課程改革的精神，針對(duì)我校高一新生普遍英語底子差，基礎(chǔ)薄的實(shí)際，堅(jiān)持“夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，狠抓雙基，改進(jìn)學(xué)法，激發(fā)興趣，提高能力”，特制定本期教學(xué)工作計(jì)劃。

一、教學(xué)理念

1、要面向全體學(xué)生，關(guān)注每個(gè)學(xué)生的情感，激發(fā)他們

學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣，幫助他們建立學(xué)習(xí)的成就感和自信心，使他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)過程中發(fā)展綜合語言運(yùn)用能力，提高人文素養(yǎng)，增強(qiáng)實(shí)踐能力，培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神;

2、突出學(xué)生主體，尊重個(gè)體差異，讓學(xué)生在老師的指

導(dǎo)下構(gòu)建知識(shí)，提高技能，磨練意志，活躍思維，展現(xiàn)個(gè)性，發(fā)展心智和拓展視野;

3、讓學(xué)生在使用英語中學(xué)習(xí)英語，讓學(xué)生成為Good

User而不僅僅是Learner。讓英語成為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)生活中最實(shí)用的工具而非累贅，讓他們?cè)谑褂煤蛯W(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中，體味到輕松和成功的快樂。高二英語既注重基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查，又強(qiáng)調(diào)能力的靈活運(yùn)用。為了適應(yīng)這一趨勢(shì)，提高高二英語的教學(xué)質(zhì)量，在高二英語教學(xué)中我將常抓基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，有梯度 1

地拓寬詞匯，提高課堂效率，從而努力提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的自覺性、主動(dòng)性與積極性，通過師生互動(dòng)，更進(jìn)一步提高英語成績(jī)。

二、學(xué)生分析

從學(xué)生高一期末考試情況來看，這兩個(gè)班學(xué)生存在以下三方面問題：在思想上、態(tài)度上放松或放棄的現(xiàn)象有所表露，讀,不會(huì)讀，就談不上聽得懂,看得懂,從而導(dǎo)致破罐子破摔的現(xiàn)象。基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)不夠扎實(shí)，靈活運(yùn)用語言的技能相對(duì)薄弱。運(yùn)用能力不夠強(qiáng)實(shí)。學(xué)生的閱讀能力、理解能力、分析能力、判斷能力、應(yīng)變能力等均不能較好地適應(yīng)考查要求。語言學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵在于語言知識(shí)的積累，只有通過學(xué)習(xí)者親身的體驗(yàn)和摸索，才能學(xué)會(huì)并掌握語言知識(shí)，從而達(dá)到在交際中靈活使用語言的目的。

三、教材分析

該冊(cè)教材從不同方面具有如下特點(diǎn)：

1、內(nèi)容豐富，涉及面廣。本冊(cè)教材的課文篇幅長(zhǎng)、題材廣，內(nèi)容豐富，不但是一個(gè)綜合知識(shí)的大熔爐，而且時(shí)代氣息逼人，很具有挑戰(zhàn)性。學(xué)生不但可以學(xué)到真實(shí)的英語語言，而且可以學(xué)到廣泛的綜合知識(shí)，訓(xùn)練全面的英語語言技能。說句實(shí)在話這套新教材對(duì)我們英語任課教師無論從語言知識(shí)而是語言技能上都展開了挑戰(zhàn)。

2、詞匯量大，語言地道。由于所選文章涉及的領(lǐng)域多，又是原汁原味，因此，各方面的詞匯都出現(xiàn)了。又由于沿用地道的原文，不同作者用詞不同，出現(xiàn)了大量的近義詞。雖然這給學(xué)生提供了學(xué)習(xí)英語的真實(shí)語言環(huán)境，但也增加了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的難度。

3、精心編排，形式新穎。教材編排的匠心不但體現(xiàn)在課文內(nèi)容的精心選編和課型的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。特別突出的是教材的各種練習(xí)形式新穎別致，不但注重知識(shí)性，而且充分注入了趣味性。也充分發(fā)揮了現(xiàn)代教育技術(shù)在英語學(xué)習(xí)中的先進(jìn)作用。

4、理念先進(jìn)，實(shí)踐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。該冊(cè)教材把綜合語言運(yùn)用能力的形成建立在語言技能、語言知識(shí)、情感態(tài)度、學(xué)習(xí)策略和文化意識(shí)等素養(yǎng)整合發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上。也把語言技能的形成作為語言學(xué)習(xí)的必須手段。完全實(shí)踐了《普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的新理念。

四、本學(xué)期的教學(xué)目標(biāo)及措施

高二年級(jí)是高中的重要階段，又是高中三年的承上啟下階段。因此，讓學(xué)生在高二年級(jí)打好學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)并有所發(fā)展是極其重要的。下列目標(biāo)應(yīng)在本學(xué)期內(nèi)達(dá)到：鞏固、擴(kuò)大基礎(chǔ)知識(shí);培養(yǎng)口頭和書面初步運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行交際的能力，側(cè)重培養(yǎng)閱讀能力;發(fā)展智力，培養(yǎng)自學(xué)能力。爭(zhēng)取在原有基礎(chǔ)上有所提高，縮小與上學(xué)期期末考試時(shí)平均分排在我們前面的幾個(gè)理科班的差距。根據(jù)教學(xué)步驟完成模塊5及模塊6的教學(xué)內(nèi)容，根據(jù)學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況對(duì)教材練習(xí)適當(dāng)做出調(diào)整，刪減。讓復(fù)雜問題簡(jiǎn)單化，使學(xué)生更容易掌握所學(xué)知識(shí)。加大學(xué)生的閱讀量。提高閱讀速度。

此外，在本學(xué)期高二英語教學(xué)計(jì)劃中，要狠抓基礎(chǔ)及單詞、句型及語法等，扎實(shí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，突擊寫作訓(xùn)練，為高考打下扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。具體方法如下：

1、鉆研并創(chuàng)造性地利用教材，靈活使用，發(fā)揮教材特點(diǎn)。

2、內(nèi)容要求學(xué)生一定要過詞匯關(guān)，反復(fù)朗讀、默寫單詞、以便加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的掌握。摒棄不切實(shí)際的教學(xué)步驟，抓重點(diǎn)，搞強(qiáng)化，在日常教學(xué)中滲透語法意識(shí)。利用教材提高學(xué)生的基本功，堅(jiān)持默寫單詞及重點(diǎn)句型。

3、本學(xué)期仍要堅(jiān)持訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的聽力和并開展任務(wù)型寫作教學(xué)。扎實(shí)寫作常用句型的同時(shí)，要求向句群篇章背誦過渡，培養(yǎng)良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣和寫作基礎(chǔ)。

4、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀能力，并以這些材料為基礎(chǔ)，擴(kuò)充學(xué)生詞匯量，做到每學(xué)完一篇課文，就進(jìn)行詞匯檢測(cè)。拓寬教材，擴(kuò)展學(xué)生閱讀量，努力補(bǔ)充學(xué)生的詞匯。在平時(shí)教學(xué)過程中不斷擴(kuò)大學(xué)生的詞匯量，詞匯教學(xué)以新帶舊，從而達(dá)到鞏固擴(kuò)充詞匯的目的，做到經(jīng)常督促、檢測(cè)。

5、加大基礎(chǔ)寫作訓(xùn)練的力度，大力鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生學(xué)以致用。并要求學(xué)生背范文、教師精選的課文段落、寫作必背句型，使學(xué)生熟悉英語的句式結(jié)構(gòu)及習(xí)慣用法，從句到篇，從而寫出完整的英語文章。另外每周進(jìn)行一篇的寫作訓(xùn)練，鼓勵(lì)運(yùn)用背過的句型，提高學(xué)生的寫作能力。

6、綜合檢查。準(zhǔn)備每一單元做一次練習(xí)，主要以結(jié)合當(dāng)前教學(xué)內(nèi)容為主要測(cè)試內(nèi)容, 間或分塊測(cè)試，習(xí)題的訓(xùn)練在于精而不在于多。在教學(xué)中盡量按照高考的知識(shí)體系有針對(duì)性地選擇典型性題目。針對(duì)共性問題進(jìn)行精講，讓學(xué)生在書本中找到解決問題的源泉，學(xué)會(huì)思考、整理和歸納。

綜上所述，高二年級(jí)的教學(xué)工作是非常關(guān)鍵的，我會(huì)盡職盡責(zé)完成本職工作，再接再勵(lì)，取得更好的成績(jī)。、

第四篇：高中英語 Carnival教學(xué)素材 新人教版必修3

浙江省杭州市塘棲中學(xué)高中英語 Carnival教學(xué)素材 新人教版必修3 Carnival is a festive season which occurs immediately before Lent;the main events are usually during February and March.Carnival typically involves a public celebration or parade combining some elements of a circus and public street party.People often dress up or masquerade during the celebrations.Carnival is mostly associated with Roman Catholic and, to a lesser extent, Eastern Orthodox Christians;Protestant areas usually do not have carnival celebrations or have modified traditions, like the Danish Carnival.The world's longest carnival celebration is held in Brazil but many countries worldwide have large, popular celebrations, such as Carnaval of Venice, or the world famous Trinidad and Tobago Carnival.An inspiration for the carnival lies in the fact that during Lent, traditionally no parties may be held and many foods, such as meat, are forbidden;the forty days of Lent serve to commemorate the Passion of Jesus.It is natural for people to have the desire to hold a large celebration at the last possible opportunity before fasting.Parts of the carnival traditions, however, likely reach back to pre-Christian times.The ancient Roman festivals of the Saturnalia and Bacchanalia is a probable origin of the Italian Carnival.The Saturnalia, in turn, may be based on the Greek Dionysia and Oriental festivals.While medieval pageants and festivals such as Corpus Christi were church sanctioned celebrations, carnival was a representation of medieval folk culture.Many local carnival customs are also based on local pre-Christian rituals, for example the elaborate rites involving masked figures in the Swabian-Alemannic carnival.In Christianity, the most famous traditions, including parades and masquerading, are first attested from medieval Italy.The carnival of Venice was for a long time the most famous carnival.From Italy, carnival traditions spread to Spain, Portugal, and France.From France, they spread to the Rhineland of Germany, and to New Orleans.From Spain and Portugal, they spread to Latin America.Many other areas have developed their own traditions.

第五篇：高中數(shù)學(xué)《條件語句》文字素材4 新人教B版必修3

必修3“條件語句”的教學(xué)實(shí)踐與反思

一、教材分析

1、教學(xué)內(nèi)容的地位和作用

算法是設(shè)計(jì)高中數(shù)學(xué)課程的一條主線，程序是由若干算法語句組成的有序集合?！八惴ㄕZ句”是繼“程序框圖”之后學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容，是解決某一個(gè)（或某一類）問題的算法的程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)。在此之前，學(xué)生已學(xué)習(xí)了算法的概念、程序框圖與算法的基本邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)、輸入語句、輸出語句和賦值語句,這為過渡到本節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)起著鋪墊作用。對(duì)于順序結(jié)構(gòu)的算法或程序框圖，我們可以利用輸入語句、輸出語句和賦值語句，寫出其計(jì)算機(jī)程序，對(duì)于條件結(jié)構(gòu)的算法或程序框圖，要轉(zhuǎn)化為計(jì)算機(jī)能夠理解的算法語句，我們必須進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)條件語句。條件語句與程序框圖中的條件結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)應(yīng)，它是五種基本算法語句中的一種,通過本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生將更加了解算法語句，并能用更全面的眼光看待前面學(xué)過的語句，并為以后的學(xué)習(xí)作好必要的準(zhǔn)備。本節(jié)課對(duì)學(xué)生算法語言能力、有條理的思考與清晰地表達(dá)的能力，邏輯思維能力的綜合提升具有重要作用。

學(xué)習(xí)算法的目的，不是學(xué)習(xí)程序設(shè)計(jì)語言，而是體會(huì)算法的基本思想以及算法的重要性和有效性，算法學(xué)習(xí)能夠幫助學(xué)生清晰思考問題，提高邏輯思維能力；有助于學(xué)生全面的理解運(yùn)算；有助于提高學(xué)生的信息素養(yǎng)?！缎抡n標(biāo)》要求學(xué)生“經(jīng)歷將具體問題的程序框圖轉(zhuǎn)化為程序語句的過程，理解幾種基本算法語句----輸入語句、輸出語句、賦值語句、條件語句、循環(huán)語句，進(jìn)一步體會(huì)算法的基本思想。

2、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)

重點(diǎn)：條件語句的基本格式、種類以及應(yīng)用，與條件結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系 難點(diǎn)：條件語句的應(yīng)用，會(huì)編寫程序中的條件語句.二、目標(biāo)分析

1、知識(shí)與技能

知識(shí)目標(biāo)：理解基本算法語句---條件語句，以及與條件結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系，初步體驗(yàn)如何由程序框圖轉(zhuǎn)化為程序語句。

條件語句的兩種形式如下：

IF 條件

THEN

IF 條件

THEN

語句體1

ELSE

語句體

語句體2

END IF

END IF

能力目標(biāo)：通過條件語句的學(xué)習(xí)，了解條件語句在解決問題中的應(yīng)用，進(jìn)一步體會(huì)算法的基本思想。

2、過程與方法

采用“案例教學(xué)“，從具體的學(xué)生熟悉的實(shí)例出發(fā)，在具體的情境中，教師啟發(fā)引導(dǎo)、講練結(jié)合，螺旋上升的方式，實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)。

3、情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀

通過生活中的一些具體問題的解決，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)算法的濃厚興趣，激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲，鍛煉學(xué)生解決問題的能力，進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的成就感。

三、教學(xué)過程

1、創(chuàng)設(shè)情境，提出問題

問題1：黃巖火車站快要開始營(yíng)業(yè)了

規(guī)定：火車托運(yùn)p(kg)行李時(shí)每千米的費(fèi)用（單位：元）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為

用心

愛心

專心 0.3pp?30kg? y???0.3?30?0.5(p?30)p?30kg請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)算法，并畫出行李托運(yùn)費(fèi)的程序框圖

[設(shè)計(jì)意圖]問題是數(shù)學(xué)的心臟，數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)從問題開始，以實(shí)際應(yīng)用問題作為情境，激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情，引發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)，通過問題展開教學(xué)活動(dòng)，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生主動(dòng)進(jìn)入新知識(shí)。

2、解決問題

(1)探討條件結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)

以學(xué)生所畫的程序框圖為例，概括條件結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)，并與順序結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行比較，得出如下結(jié)論：條件結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)是有一個(gè)判斷過程，如果滿足條件就執(zhí)行某種操作，否則執(zhí)行其他操作，執(zhí)行到哪一步，需要根據(jù)條件作出選擇。(2)引入新知識(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)條件語句

算法中的條件結(jié)構(gòu)可以用條件語句來實(shí)現(xiàn)，其一般格式與對(duì)應(yīng)的程序框圖（書p10）如下： IF 條件

THEN

IF 條件

THEN

語句體1

ELSE

語句體

語句體2 END IF

END IF

[學(xué)生活動(dòng)]：書翻到第10頁，把條件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)應(yīng)的兩種程序框圖寫出條件語句（運(yùn)用新知）(3)解決問題1 [學(xué)生活動(dòng)]：根據(jù)問題1所畫的程序框圖以及原先學(xué)過的輸入、輸出、賦值語句，編寫程序，同時(shí)教師隨機(jī)讓兩名學(xué)生板演：

INPUT

p

IF p<=30 THEN

y=0.3p

ELSE

y=0.3?30?0.5?(p?30)

END IF

PRINT y

END [教師小結(jié)]在應(yīng)用條件語句編程時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

① 條件的判斷與執(zhí)行語句的順序（首先對(duì)IF后的條件進(jìn)行判斷，如果（IF）條件符合，那么（IHEN）執(zhí)行語句體1，否則（ELSE）執(zhí)行語句體2。② IF與END IF要配對(duì)使用，不能只用其一。

③ 區(qū)分END IF與END的區(qū)別，前者是結(jié)束條件語句，后者是結(jié)束整個(gè)程序。

④ 編寫程序時(shí)注意不要漏掉一些條件的結(jié)束語句，特別是條件語句比較多的時(shí)候，因此書寫的時(shí)候可由里向外將每個(gè)條件結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)開位置。

3、簡(jiǎn)單應(yīng)用（隨堂練習(xí)）

練習(xí)1：將p11圖1.1?10中的程序框圖轉(zhuǎn)化為程序

問題2：閱讀下面的程序，你能得出什么結(jié)論？

① IF x>0 THEN ② TNPUT x

用心

愛心

專心 y=1 IF x<0 THEN ELSE x=-x y=0 END IF END IF PRINT x END [設(shè)計(jì)意圖]：使學(xué)生進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)條件語句，熟悉條件結(jié)構(gòu)與條件語句的互化，進(jìn)一步體會(huì)賦值語句、條件語句，而且還能鍛煉學(xué)生閱讀程序的能力。

問題3：編寫一個(gè)程序，求實(shí)數(shù)x的絕對(duì)值

[設(shè)計(jì)意圖]：不僅是為了應(yīng)用條件語句，而且再次提供了完整經(jīng)歷算法設(shè)計(jì)全過程的機(jī)會(huì)。

3、深入探究，條件語句的深層應(yīng)用

問題4：將p12圖1.1?11求解一元二次方程ax?bx?c?0的算法的程序框圖轉(zhuǎn)化為程序 算法分析：觀察程序框圖可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，此題并不簡(jiǎn)單，原因是框圖中包含了兩個(gè)條件結(jié)構(gòu)，而且內(nèi)層的條件結(jié)構(gòu)是外層的條件結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)分支，屬于多層結(jié)構(gòu)的嵌套問題。[設(shè)計(jì)意圖]：本例所設(shè)計(jì)的算法本質(zhì)是“公式法”。是給出框圖之后，進(jìn)而用條件語句來編寫程序。先給學(xué)生留有足夠的空間，放手讓他們?nèi)ヌ剿?，若有困難，老師加以分析、提醒，如算術(shù)平方根的符號(hào)為SQR等等，再補(bǔ)充幾個(gè)比較常見的函數(shù)及功能，如ABS是x的絕對(duì)值，LOG是x取自然對(duì)數(shù)，它們都是QBASIC中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)函數(shù)，可以直接應(yīng)用，另外再補(bǔ)充QBASIC中常用的算術(shù)運(yùn)算符，如?,/,??，MOD，分別表示乘，除，不等，余數(shù)，整除。[教師小結(jié)]：對(duì)于兩個(gè)條件結(jié)構(gòu)嵌套的一般格式如下： TF 條件1 THEN 語句體1 IF 條件2 THEN 語句體2 ELSE 語句體3 END IF ELSE 語句體4 END IF 問題5：編寫一個(gè)程序，輸入兩個(gè)實(shí)數(shù)，并由大到小輸出這兩個(gè)數(shù)。

[設(shè)計(jì)意圖]：進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)算法的程序，并學(xué)習(xí)一些編程的小技巧，進(jìn)而完成三個(gè)數(shù)的問題。算法分析：這是一道典型的可用條件結(jié)構(gòu)的算法問題，設(shè)計(jì)的思路和問題3相似，完整地經(jīng)歷了先用自然語言寫出算法步驟，接著畫出程序框圖，最后把程序框圖轉(zhuǎn)化為程序的全過程。本例的程序中使用的“小技巧”是借助一個(gè)中間變量“t”來交換兩個(gè)變量的值

INPUT “a，b=”；a，b IF b>a THEN

t=a

a=b

b=t END IF

PRINT a，b END

用心

愛心

專心

2變式：編寫程序，使任意輸入的3個(gè)整數(shù)按從大到小的順序輸出。

[教師小結(jié)]：這個(gè)算法編程時(shí)主要是重復(fù)用到變量的交換，這是程序的關(guān)鍵之處?；舅枷胧窍葘與b比較，把小者賦給b，大者賦給a；再將a與c比較，把小者賦給c，大者賦給a,此時(shí)a已是三者中最大；最后將b與c比較，大者賦給b小者賦給c，a、b、c就按大到小的順序排列了。

推廣：編寫程序，使任意輸入的n(n是正整數(shù))個(gè)整數(shù)按從大到小的順序輸出。（生講思路）[設(shè)計(jì)意圖]：讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)思考，理解知識(shí)間的聯(lián)系，學(xué)會(huì)舉一反三。練習(xí)2：

（1）讀程序,說明程序的運(yùn)行過程: INPUT “Please input an integer:”;x IF 9

(3)閏年是指能被4整除但不能被100整除,或者能被400整除的年份,編寫一個(gè)程序,判斷輸入的年份是否為閏年? [設(shè)計(jì)意圖]：體現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)是再創(chuàng)造。學(xué)習(xí)不再看成是一種被動(dòng)地吸收知識(shí)，通過反復(fù)練習(xí)強(qiáng)化儲(chǔ)存知識(shí)的過程，而是用學(xué)生原有的知識(shí)處理新的任務(wù)，并構(gòu)建他們自己的意義。

4、歸納小結(jié)，啟發(fā)創(chuàng)新

問題6：通過本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)，你學(xué)到了什么知識(shí)？

課后作業(yè)：設(shè)置一個(gè)含嵌套結(jié)構(gòu)的問題，畫出程序框圖，編制相應(yīng)的程序，準(zhǔn)備交流。[設(shè)計(jì)意圖]：讓學(xué)生進(jìn)一步體驗(yàn)條件結(jié)構(gòu)及條件語句的特征。同時(shí)，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生把學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí)與實(shí)際問題相結(jié)合，體現(xiàn)學(xué)以致用的道理。

四、幾點(diǎn)反思

1、本節(jié)課主要學(xué)習(xí)了條件語句的結(jié)構(gòu)、特點(diǎn)、作用以及用法，并能解決一些簡(jiǎn)單的問題。條件語句一般用在對(duì)條件進(jìn)行判斷的算法設(shè)計(jì)中，如判斷一個(gè)數(shù)的正負(fù)，確定兩個(gè)數(shù)的大小，解一元二次方程等問題，還有求分段函數(shù)的函數(shù)值等，往往要用條件語句，有時(shí)甚至要用到條件語句的嵌套。

2、本節(jié)課算法教學(xué)采用“問題教學(xué)”，從具體的學(xué)生熟悉的實(shí)例出發(fā)（問題1），創(chuàng)設(shè)情境，結(jié)合原有的知識(shí)，讓學(xué)生體會(huì)條件結(jié)構(gòu)的特征；緊接著通過練習(xí)

1、問題

2、問題3，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣，發(fā)揮學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的主動(dòng)性，使學(xué)生進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)、理解條件語句，熟悉條件結(jié)構(gòu)與條件語句的互化，進(jìn)一步體會(huì)賦值語句、條件語句，而且還能鍛煉學(xué)生閱讀程序的能力；然后通過問題4引出多重結(jié)構(gòu)嵌套，深化對(duì)條件結(jié)構(gòu)的認(rèn)識(shí)；最后通過問題5以及變式與推廣，進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)算法的程序，并學(xué)習(xí)一些編程的小技巧，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)思考，理解知識(shí)間的聯(lián)系，學(xué)會(huì)舉一反三。

這樣的教學(xué)路線，使得學(xué)生在環(huán)環(huán)相扣的問題探究過程中，既有行動(dòng)上的參與，更讓學(xué)生養(yǎng)成獨(dú)立思考，積極探索的好習(xí)慣。也正因?yàn)檫@樣，高中數(shù)學(xué)課程設(shè)立“數(shù)學(xué)探究”“數(shù)

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專心 學(xué)建?！钡葘W(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)，為學(xué)生形成積極主動(dòng)的、多樣的學(xué)習(xí)方式進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)造有利條件，以激發(fā)學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)興趣。

3、條件語句是算法中的一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，而算法本來屬于信息技術(shù)的內(nèi)容，信息技術(shù)和數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容的整合成為課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定的一個(gè)基本理念。高中數(shù)學(xué)課程應(yīng)提倡利用信息技術(shù)來呈現(xiàn)以往教學(xué)中難以呈現(xiàn)的課程內(nèi)容，在保證筆算訓(xùn)練的前提下，盡可能使用科學(xué)型計(jì)算器，各種數(shù)學(xué)教育技術(shù)平臺(tái)，加強(qiáng)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)與信息技術(shù)的結(jié)合，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī)、計(jì)算器等進(jìn)行探索和發(fā)現(xiàn)。而我們這邊的學(xué)生使用的都是一般的計(jì)算器，只有計(jì)算功能，沒有繪制功能，所有算法相應(yīng)的程序語句是否可行、可靠？根本無法驗(yàn)證，仍然是“紙上談兵”。對(duì)程序框圖的可行性缺乏驗(yàn)證，會(huì)缺乏真實(shí)感的信任，會(huì)在一定程度上降低學(xué)生的興趣、參與的激情，課堂上如有機(jī)會(huì)，我們老師盡量通過計(jì)算機(jī)來驗(yàn)證，不過效果不是很好，這是教學(xué)中令人非常遺憾的地方，希望在不久的將來能夠得到改善。

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專心 5