第一篇：并列句和狀語從句

1.Mary made coffee____ her guests were finishing their meal.A.so that

B.although

C.while

D.as if 2.The little boy won’t go to sleep ____ his mother tells him a story.A.or

B.unless

C.but

D.whether

3.The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult.A.once

B.when

C.if

D.unless 4.______ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A.However to face the challenge

B.What a serious problem C.However serious a problem

D.What serious a problem

5._______ our manager objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept his as a member.A.Until

B.Unless

C.If

D.After

6.______ they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.A.As

B.While

C.Until

D.Once 7.John thinks it won’t be long ____ he is ready for his new job.A.when

B.after

C.before

D.since 8.---Our holiday cost a lot of money.---Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter ______ you enjoyed yourselves.A.as long as

B.unless

C.as soon as

D.though

9.The girl had hardly rung the bell ______ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.A.before

B.until

C.as

D.since

10.The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _______ they have the interest.A.wherever

B.whenever

C.even if

D.as if

11.Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a large one _____ it becomes available.A.as soon as

B.unless

C.as far as

D.until

12.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ________ he wanted to sit next to his wife.A.although

B.unless

C.because

D.if 13.Tom was about to close the window ________ his attention was caught by a bird.A.when

B.if

C.and

D.till 14.Tim is in good shape physically _______ he doesn’t get much exercise.A.if

B.even though

C.unless

D.as long as

15.Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break _____ she got to her office.A.since

B.that

C.when

D.until

16.Today, we will begin ________ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A.when

B.where

C.how

D.what 練習二

1._______ well prepared a gymnast is, he still needs a lot of luck in performing.A.Whatever

B.Although

C.No matter

D.However

2._______ the activities might seem childish, in reality they require a lot of strength and determination.A.When

B.As

C.While

D.Once 3.Too high house prices can be brought under control, ______ the authorities introduce a series of regulatory policies.A.even if

B.as if

C.so that

D.provided that

4.A small car is big enough for a family of three ______ you need more space for baggage.A.once

B.because

C.if

D.unless 5.It is morning _____ we have four classes, not afternoon.A.when

B.which

C.that

D.why 6.How can you keep fit ______ you smoke so much? A.as

B.while

C.when

D.for

7.It’s really dangerous to work on the roof.______ , you should take care of yourself.A.Therefore

B.However

C.Otherwise

D.Yet

8.I’m not sure whether I will have anything else to do tomorrow.______ , I will try every possible means to come to the party.A.Even though

B.Anyhow

C.If so

D.Instead

9.The police helicopter managed to land on the roof and rescued all the people _______ the fire burnt up to the top of the building.A.after

B.before

C.until

D.while

10._____ the Customs Office, he will have to declare this sort of things he carries with him to the customs officer.A.No matter who will come through

B.Who comes through C.No matter whom comes through

D.Whoever comes through 11.Your article must be sent by e-mail _____ it can meet the deadline.A.or else

B.so that

C.in case

D.for fear 12.You can imagine ________ one feels ______ everybody dislikes him.A.when, if

B.if, when

C.if, how

D.how, if 13.Why not stay at home _______ the road is so slippery after the heavy snow? A.since that

B.after that

C.then that

D.now that

14.I have heard these sons and daughters say they never fully appreciated their mothers ______ it was too late to tell them.A.as

B.that

C.until

D.when 15._________ , I could not memorize the test.A.However hard did I try

B.However hard I tried

C.However I tried hard

D.However I had tried hard

16.I don’t think Maria will be disappointed at the news, but I will see her _______ she is.A． as if

B.so that

C.in case

D.even though

17.During the reconstruction of the city, many modern tall buildings went up ____ old shabby houses were torn down.A.where

B.in what

C.in which

D.which

18.Many people cannot learn any lessons from the mistakes ________ they get hurt somehow.A.whether

B.unless

C.if

D.when 練習三

1.---What should we do since we can’t make a compromise after lengthy talks?---_______ you apologize and take back what you’ve said _____ it is all over between us.A.Not only, but also

B.Either, or

C.Neither, nor

D.Whether, or 2.---Some Chinese students find it difficult to understand native speakers when in London.---Exactly, _______ they’re learned a lot about grammar and known many words.A.if only

B.now that

C.as if

D.even if

3.It was on my way home _____ my father made the promise ______ I can do well in next exam he will buy me whatever I want.A.that, that

B.where, that if

C.that, if

D.that, that if

4.Napoleon’s story proves that to be a hero has nothing to do with size, with a smart mind and a brave heart.A.and

B.so

C.or

D.but 5.---My son is addicted to drugs.He isn’t hopeless, is he?

---Yes, _______ he mends his ways and starts all over.A.if

B.when

C.even if

D.unless 6.---When shall we go planting trees in the hill?

---______ it begins to rain, so they don’t need watering.A.Not until

B.While

C.Till

D.Unless

7.You can’t complain of being lonely ____ you don’t make any effort to communicate with others.A.when

B.until

C.unless

D.once 8.---Did Jack come back early last night?

---Yes.It was not eight o’clock _____ he arrived home.A.before

B.that

C.when

D.until 9.______ I have some sympathy for them, I don’t think they are right to do so.A.As

B.If

C.While

D.When

10.He is a nice listener, ______ he feels the time is right he will give you his thoughts.A.until

B.after which

C.if

D.and when 11.His children are well-behaved, _____ those of this sister’s are very naughty.A.and

B.whereas

C.thus

D.so

12.We missed our train, and _______ the next train was delayed, ______ we had to wait for two hours.A.on top of that, so B.as a result, then

C.what was worse, however

D.because, therefore 13.How long do you think _____ the computer company launches a new model? A.it will be before

B.will it be until

C.will it when

D.it will be that

14.Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster ______ we basically change the way we live.A.but

B.although

C.unless

D.once 15.If I were rich, I should help them out.______ , I can do nothing.A.As is often the case

B.As is it

C.As the case is often

D.As it is 16.Young ______ he is, he knows a great deal about advanced technology.A.as

B.although

C.so

D.yet 17.Stop making so much noise _______ my neighbor will start complaining.A.or else

B.but still

C.and then

D.so that

18.You can’t attend the party tonight because it is stormy.____, you still haven’t got over your high fever.A.Therefore

B.however

C.Moreover

D.Thus 19.How long do you suppose it is _______ he arrived there ? A.when

B.before

C.after

D.since

20.This study shows that _____ languages may differ;the order in which young kids learn the parts of speech appears to be the same across different languages.A.since

B.so

C.while

D.but 參考答案：

一．1—5CBDCB 6—10 DCAAC 11—16 ACABCB 二．1—5 DCDDA

6—10 CABBD 11—15 BDDCB

16—18 CAB 三． 1---5 BDDDD

6—10 AACCD 11—15 BAACD 16—20 AACDC

第二篇：高考英語單項選擇精品教案-并列句和狀語從句

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專題九 并列句和狀語從句

高考命題聚焦

1．(2011年高考山東卷)He had his camera ready________he saw something that would make a good picture.A．even if

B．if only C．in case

D．so that 解析：句意：他準備好了相機，以便他看到好的東西就隨時拍下來。even if “即使”，引導讓步狀語從句； if only“如果??就好了”，引導虛擬條件句；so that 引導目的和結(jié)果狀語從句，均不符合句意。由句意可知應(yīng)選in case，意為“以防萬一”。答案：C 2．(2011年高考天津卷)________regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A．If

B．As C．Although

D．Unless 解析：句意：雖然有規(guī)律的鍛煉很重要，但在臨睡覺前鍛煉卻從來不是個好主意。if可引導條件狀語從句，表示“如果”；as 可引導時間狀語從句，表示“當??時”，若引導讓步狀語從句，句子需用倒裝；分析前句“有規(guī)律的鍛煉很重要”和后句“臨睡前鍛煉卻不好”可知，前句為后句的讓步狀語，故選C項，although 表示“雖然”，可引導讓步狀語從句；unless 表示“除非”，引導條件狀語從句。答案：C 3．(2011年高考江西卷)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ________ it is convenient to you.A．whenever

B．however C．whichever

D．wherever 解析：句意：請打電話讓我的秘書安排一個會議，在今天下午或是任何你方便的時候。whenever無論何時；however無論如何；whichever無論哪一個；wherever無論何地。此處or連接的是和this afternoon并列的兩個時間狀語(從句)，故只有A項正確。答案：A 4．(2011年高考陜西卷)________ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.A．Since

B．While C．If

D．As 解析：句意：盡管他們都是很有實力的求職者，但是只有一個人會被選中擔任這一職位。since因為，既然；while盡管；if如果；as因為。根據(jù)句意選while。答案：B 5．(2011年高考福建卷)It was April 29,2011________Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.A．that

B．when C．since

D．before 解析：句意：2011年4月29日，威廉王子與凱特·米德爾頓步入了婚禮殿堂。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，April 29,2011為定語從句的先行詞，從句缺少時間狀語，故用when引導。此題易誤選A項that，認為這是強調(diào)句型“It's/was＋被強調(diào)部分＋that...”的應(yīng)用。若選 that 的話，April 29,2011前要加介詞on。答案：B

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核心考點突破

一、句子的分類

二、并列句的基本概念

并列句是由兩個或兩個以上并列而又獨立的簡單句構(gòu)成。在并列句中，這些簡單句常由并列連詞連在一起。并列連詞所連接的簡單句被稱為分句。

三、常見的并列句

1．表遞進關(guān)系：用來表遞進關(guān)系的并列連詞有and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，not...but...等。

(2011年高考山東卷)Find ways to praise your children often，________you'll find they will open their hearts to you.A．till

B．or C．a(chǎn)nd

D．but 句意：如果你能找到一些方法來經(jīng)常表揚你的孩子，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們會向你敞開心扉。本題所考查的句式為“祈使句＋and/or＋ 陳述句”。本句中前面的祈使句表示條件，后面的陳述句表示條件下的結(jié)果，故用 and 連接；or表示“否則”，與句意不符。

C 2．表選擇關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有or，either...or...，otherwise等。Either you are right，or I am.要么你對，要么我對。Don't drive so fast，or/otherwise you'll have an accident.不要開那么快，否則你會出事的。

3．表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有but，yet，whereas，while等。Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now.簡說她病了，但剛才我在街上看到了她。

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Some men are rich，while/whereas others are poor.一些人很富有但其他人很貧窮。

4．表因果關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有so，for。It must have rained last night for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了，到處都這么濕。

The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk.商店都關(guān)門了，所以我沒買到牛奶。

5．when還可用作并列連詞，其意義為“那時，這時”，相當于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：(1)sb.was doing sth.when...(2)sb.was about to/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...(3)sb.had just done sth.when...。

We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我們正在開會，這時突然有人闖了進來。

We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我們正打算動身，突然下起了雨。

典例2](2011年高考浙江卷)One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________ my daughter heard cries for help.A．a(chǎn)fter

B．while C．since

D．when 句意：一個周五，我們正在打包裹動身去過周末，就在這時我女兒聽到了呼救聲。表示“正在做某事??就在這時(突然)??”用be doing sth.when…，所以D項正確。

D 6．while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對比。He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.他喜歡流行音樂，而我喜歡民間音樂。

一、時間狀語從句 1．when，while和as when引導的從句的謂語動詞既可是一個持續(xù)性動詞，也可是非持續(xù)性動詞；while引導的從句的謂語動詞必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作相對比；as引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是持續(xù)性動詞，也可以是非持續(xù)性動詞，有“隨著”之意，多用于主從句動作同時發(fā)生。

2．a(chǎn)s soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when，once等引導的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作隨即就發(fā)生，常譯為“一??就??”。3．till，until和not(...)until till，until引導時間狀語從句時，主句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，主從句都為肯定式，意為“某動作一直延續(xù)到某一時間才停止”。not(...)until引導時間狀語從句時，主句的謂語動詞必須是非延續(xù)性動詞，從句為肯定式，意為“直到……才……”。not(...)until還可以用于強調(diào)句和倒裝句。4．before和since 若表達“沒過……就，過了……才”之意時，須用連詞before，句式為“It was/will be＋時間段＋before...”；since意為“自從……”，句式為“It is/has been＋時間段＋since...”。

5．every time，each time，next time，the first time，any time等名詞短語引導時間狀語從句時，分別表示“每次……，每次……，下次……，第一次……，任何時候……”。

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Mary made coffee ________her guests were finishing their meal.A．so that

B．a(chǎn)lthough C．while

D．a(chǎn)s if 此處的while表示“當??的時候”，表示兩個動作同時發(fā)生；“瑪麗煮咖啡”和“她的客人吃完飯”這兩個動作是同時進行的，因此要用while。

C

二、讓步狀語從句

1．讓步狀語從句表示盡管有某種不利于主句動作發(fā)生的條件存在，主句中的情況依然會出現(xiàn)。引導讓步狀語從句的連詞比較多，常見的有：although，though，while；even if＝even though；no matter＋疑問詞＝疑問詞＋ever；whether…or...。

although與though兩者意思相近，用法也相近，都可以與yet，still或nevertheless連用，但不能和but連用。2．a(chǎn)s引導讓步狀語從句要倒裝

as引導讓步狀語從句時，狀語、表語及謂語動詞的一部分應(yīng)置于as之前。若表語是名詞，前置時要省略冠詞。

Tim is in good shape physically ________he doesn't get much exercise.A．a(chǎn)s

B．even though C．unless

D．a(chǎn)s long as 句意：盡管Tim鍛煉得不多，但他的身材保持得很好。此處的even though表示讓步，意為“即使”。

B(2011年高考遼寧卷)No matter how________，it is not necessarily lifeless.A．a(chǎn) desert may be dry

B．dry a desert may be C．may a desert be dry

D．dry may a desert be 句意：一個沙漠無論多么干旱，也不一定就沒有生命。how 與形容詞和可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用的順序為：how＋形容詞＋a(n)＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，與其用法一樣的還有so，too等。如：so difficult a question 如此難的一個問題；It's too long a journey to make in one day.旅程太遠，一天之內(nèi)到不了。故選B。

B

三、條件狀語從句

引導條件狀語從句的連詞有：if，unless(＝if...not)(除非)，so(as)long as(只要)，in case(以防萬一)，on condition that(條件是)，supposing(that)(假設(shè))，provided/providing(that)(假如)等。

(2011年高考江蘇卷)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.________，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.A．Otherwise

B．If not C．But for that

D．If so 句意：聽起來好像汽車的發(fā)動機出了故障。如果這樣的話，我們最好馬上把它開到維修廠(修理一下)。otherwise否則，要不然； if not如果不是這樣的話；but for that 要不是那樣。以上三項均不符合句意和語境。if so“如果這樣的話”，符合句意和語境。if so 相當于 if something is wrong with the car's engine。

D(2011年高考湖南卷)Jack wasn't saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him________he had done something very clever.第 4頁

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A．a(chǎn)s if

B．in case C．while

D．though 句意：杰克什么也沒說，但是老師朝著他笑，就好像他做了非常明智的事情一樣。

as if 好像；in case以防萬一；while當??時候，而，卻；though盡管。由句意可知應(yīng)選A項。

A

四、地點、原因狀語從句 1．地點狀語從句

地點狀語從句是表示主句謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生的地點的狀語從句，引導詞有where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere等。2．原因狀語從句

引導原因狀語從句的連詞有：because，as，since，now(that)，for，seeing(that)，considering that等，每個連詞的含義不盡相同。

Today，we will begin________we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A．when

B．where C．how

D．what 句意：今天我們從昨天我們停止的地方開始，以便我們不遺漏任何一點。where引導地點狀語從句。

B

五、目的、結(jié)果狀語從句

1．引導目的狀語從句的連詞有：so that，in order that，for fear(that)，in case，lest等。

Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day.A．ever since

B．even if C．soon after

D．in case in case引導目的狀語從句，意為“以防萬一”，符合題意。ever since引導時間狀語從句，意思是“自從”；even if引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“即使”。

D

五、目的、結(jié)果狀語從句

1．引導目的狀語從句的連詞有：so that，in order that，for fear(that)，in case，lest等。

Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day.A．ever since

B．even if C．soon after

D．in case in case引導目的狀語從句，意為“以防萬一”，符合題意。ever since引導時間狀語從句，意思是“自從”；even if引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“即使”。

D She had a tense expression on her face，________she was expecting trouble.A．even though

B．a(chǎn)s though C．so that

D．now that 題意：她表情緊張，好像預料到麻煩要來。as if/though引導方式狀語從句，意為“好像”。而even though引導讓步狀語從句，意為“即使”。

B 高考秘笈

狀語從句的易錯點

________you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A．However a serious problem

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B．What a serious problem C．However serious a problem D．What serious a problem

C 該句意“無論你有多么嚴重的問題，你都應(yīng)該鼓起勇氣面對挑戰(zhàn)”，由此可知，應(yīng)由however引導讓步狀語從句，語序為“however＋形容詞＋a(n)＋單數(shù)名詞”。如果對however的詞性不明確，會導致誤選A項。

考查狀語從句的題目，應(yīng)著重考慮以下幾點。

1．要根據(jù)前后句的邏輯關(guān)系判斷是哪一種狀語從句。2．注意when/while/as引導時間狀語從句時的異同。3．注意區(qū)別until和till的不同用法。

4．一些名詞短語和副詞以及一些固定句式都可以表示“一……就……”的意思。5．注意because/as/since/now that等引導原因狀語從句時異同。

6．a(chǎn)lthough與though可以引導讓步狀語從句，不能與but連用，但可以與yet連用。7．no matter who/what/where/how等可引導讓步狀語從句，相當于whoever/whatever/wherever/however等。但whoever/whatever/ whichever還可引導名詞性從句。

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第三篇：狀語從句

Clauses of Condition, Concession and Contrast(條件、讓步和對比從句)條件從句

由 if, unless, as(so)long as, provided / providing(that), suppose / supposing(that), in case等引導，如：

If he comes I'll tell you.You would have succeeded if you had tried harder.You will fail unless you work hard.(=You will fail if you don't work hard.)

Supposing / Suppose it rains, shall we have the match as scheduled?

In case you need anything else, please let me know.讓步從句

由 although, though, even though, even if, whether...or, while, as, wh-words + ever(= no matter + wh-words)等從屬連詞引導，如：

He is quite modest though he is the best student in the class.The needle has the same mass whether it is hot or cold.Whichever(No matter which)plan you adopt, you will meet with difficulties.使用上述讓步從句的某些從屬連詞時注意以下幾點：

a.although(though)不可與連詞 but 連用；

b.as 引導的從句意義和 though 相似，但表示的語氣較強，并須將強調(diào)的詞放在句首（但不用 although），如：

Simple as(though)the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.c.however / no matter how 引導的從句中，however / no matter how 后須緊跟形容詞或副詞，如：

However / No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't remember all the questions.對比從句

表示兩個人或兩件事之間的對比，常用 while 或 whereas 引導，如：

He is idle, while his brother is diligent.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.Clauses of Cause, Result and Purpose(原因、結(jié)果和目的從句)原因從句

主要由下列從屬連詞引導：

1． Because, as, since。其中 because 語氣最強，表示直接、主要原因，通常引導的從句放在句尾，特別是回答 why 提出的問題只能用 because;as 和 since 表示明顯的、已知的原因，since 比 as 正式，如：

They had to move because their building was to be pulled down.As Mary was the eldest, she looked after the others.Since they live near the sea, they often go sailing.2． now that, seeing(that), considering(that), in that。這些連詞與 as, since 意思相近，通常用于書面語，并且它們兼有其它意義。now that 有“時間”含義，表示”既然”，說明一種新

情況；seeing(that)和 considering(that)有“條件”含義；in that 有”某一方面”含義，如：

Now that you are well again you can travel.Seeing(that)they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter（保姆）.結(jié)果從句

常用 so that, so...that, such...that, that 等連詞引導，如：

I was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got wet.I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.He was such a good runner that I couldn't catch him.目的從句

常用 so that, in order(that), lest, for fear that 等連詞引導，如：

I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the meeting.Come closer in order that you may see the blackboard better.so that 既可引導結(jié)果從句也可引導目的從句，但結(jié)果從句表示事實，通常不含情態(tài)動詞；目的從句表示希望或想要實現(xiàn)的事實，通常含有情態(tài)動詞，如：

He got up early so that he caught the train.（結(jié)果）

He got up early so that he could(might)catch the train.（目的）

Lest 和 for fear(that)含有否定意義，并且從句中動詞須用 “動詞原形”或 ”should + V.” 的虛擬語氣，如：

He ran away lest he(should)be caught.(= He ran away in order that he would not be caught.)

I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.(= I checked all the results time and again so that there wouldn't be any mistakes.)

Clauses of Manner and Comparison(方式和比較從句)方式從句

主要由 just as, as, as if, as though 等連詞引導，如：

He doesn't speak the way as other people do.Our bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or bricks.He speaks French as if(as though)he were a Frenchman.由 as if 或 as though 引導的從句通常用虛擬語氣，但如果主句謂語是感官動詞，并且所述情況實現(xiàn)可能性大，也可用陳述語氣，如：

It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.比較從句

主要由 as...as, not so(as)...as, than 等連詞引導，如：

This table is as wide as that one.Mary can not run so(as)fast as Tom.Silver conducts electricity better than other metals.Clauses of Proportion and Other Types(比例從句和其它從句)比例從句

由關(guān)聯(lián)詞 the...the...連接形容詞或副詞比較級構(gòu)成，如：

The more she thought about it, the more she liked it.其它從句

如 as...so 和 what...that 引導的類比從句；so(as)far as 引導的范圍從句；except that 引導的例外從句；rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引導的擇比從句等，如：

As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.（沙漠似海，駱駝似舟。）

What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.（鐵路對于運輸，好比血管對于人的身體。）

As(So)far as I know, he is an honest man.（據(jù)我所知，他是一個誠實的人。）

I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.（要不是我太忙了，我會很高興去做的。）

Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.（他寧可沿街乞討，也不愿意用欺騙手段騙取錢。）

He would rather have the small one than the large one.（他寧可要那個小的，而不愿要那個大的。）

第四篇：狀語從句1

狀語從句

一：什么是狀語從句？

用一個句子(從句)來作另一個句子(主句)的狀語，用作狀語的句子就叫作狀語從句。作什么樣的狀語就叫什么類型的狀語從句。例如：條件狀語從句就是用一個句子來作條件狀語。二：狀語從句的分類。

1.時間狀語從句用法要點。

凡是從句都必須有引導詞，引導時間狀語從句的詞有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等，具體用法如下：

（1）.when 意為“當??時”，引導時間狀語從句，表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時或先后發(fā)生。例如：

I feel very happy when you come to see me.你（們）來看我時，我感到很高興。

When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.你（們）過街道時，一定要小心。when引導的時間狀語從句，when的從句可以用延續(xù)性動詞，也可以用點動詞。He was working at the table when I went in.當我進去的時候，他正在桌旁工作。Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping.當我正在睡覺時，有人敲門。I will visit my good friend when I have time.當我有空兒時，我將去看望我的好友。I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.當我在上海時，我為一家外國企業(yè)工作。

注：when也可以作并列連詞，表示一個動詞正在進行的時候，突然間發(fā)生了另外一件事。

I was fishing by the river , when someone called for help.我正在河邊釣魚，就在那時有人求救。

We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.我們正在化學實驗室工作，突然燈都熄滅了。

比較while, when, as

1）as, when 引導短暫性動作的動詞。

Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2）當從句的動作發(fā)生于主句動作之前，只能用when 引導這個從句，不可用as 或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3）從句表示“隨時間推移”連詞能用as，不用when 或while。

As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞。

（2）.before 意為“在??之前”，引導時間狀語從句時，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前。例如：

We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天離開學校之前，我們打掃了教室。

He had been a cook before he went to college.他上大學前曾當過廚師。

after 意為“在??之后”，引導時間狀語從句時，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后。例如：

After you use plastic bags, you mustn't throw them about.你（們）用過了塑料袋之后，不準到處亂扔。

He called me after he had finished his work.他在工作完之后給我打了個電話。

注：若主句和從句兩個動作發(fā)生的先后順序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成時態(tài)，例如 1

上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work.（3）.since引導的時間狀語從句，譯為“自從??”，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句常用一般過去時。

We have made many dumplings since we began to cook.自從我們開始做飯起，我們已經(jīng)包了許多餃子了。

We haven't seen each other since we parted.我們自從分手以后一直沒見過面。

注：常用句型：It is +時間段+since從句譯為：自從??有多長時間了。

It is six years since she graduated from the university.自從她大學畢業(yè)已有六年的時間了。

（4）.until 意為“直到??時”，引導時間狀語從句時，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前。當主句的謂語動詞是持續(xù)性動詞時，主句常用肯定形式；當主句的謂語動詞是非持續(xù)性動詞時，從句常用否定形式, not...until...意為“直到??才??”，這時的until可以用before 來替換。例如：

I'll stay here until you come back.我會呆在這里，直到你回來。(stay表示的動作可以持續(xù))

He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。(go to bed 表示的動作不能持續(xù))

（5）表示“一?就?”的結(jié)構(gòu)

hardly/scarcely?when/before, no sooner?than 和as soon as都可以表示“一?就?”的意思，表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作馬上就發(fā)生。例：

①、I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回來我就告訴他這件事。

②、I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.③、I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.④、As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：

Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.（6）.while引導的時間狀語從句，常譯為“與??同時，在??期間”，while的從句中常用延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。

They rushed in while we were discussing problems.當我們正在討論問題時，他們沖了進來。

Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.當我正在打電子游戲時，爸爸正在清洗汽車。

注：while也可以作并列連詞，表轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，相當于but，譯為“然而”。eg.I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.我喜歡聽音樂，而我的兄弟愛好運動。

（7）.till和until引導的時間狀語從句，譯為“直到??為止”，not ? till / until引導的時間狀語從句，譯為“直到??才”。前者強調(diào)主句動作的結(jié)束，用延續(xù)性動詞，后者強調(diào)主句動作的開始，用點動詞。

比較until和till

此兩個連詞意義相同?？隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际恰白瞿呈轮敝聊硶r”，動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達的意思是“直至某時才做某事”。動詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。

肯定句：

I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜時醒了。

Wait till I call you.等著我叫你。

（在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）

否定句：

She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.她直到6點才到。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。

I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才會做。

1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點也不知道。

2)Until when 疑問句中，until要放在句首。

---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么時候？

---Until next Monday.呆到下周一。

注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。

(1）Not until ?在句首，主句用倒裝。

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19 世紀初，人類才知道熱能是什么。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我開始工作，我才認識到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。

(2)It is not until? that?

I will wait for my friend until / till he comes.我要一直等到我朋友來。

We won't start our discussion until / till he comes.我們要等到他來了，再開始我們的討論。

2、地點狀語從句用法要點。

常用where（哪里）和wherever（無論哪里）引導。

Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

We will go wherever the motherland need us most.我們要到祖國最需要的地方去。Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方樹很多。

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都會想到你。方式狀語從句

方式狀語從句通常由as,(just)as?so?, as if, as though引導。

1）as,(just)as?so?引導的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as?so?結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是“正如?”，“就像”，多用于正式文體，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man.我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。

2）as if, as though

兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作“仿佛??似的”，“好像??似的”，例如：

They completely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never existed.他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看來天氣很快就會好起來。（實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。）

說明：as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。原因狀語從句用法要點。

常用的引導連詞有because, as和since。三者的區(qū)別是：在回答問題的時候，使用because；對于顯而易見的原因，常用as或since；as和since的從句常放在主句之前，而because的從句常放在主句之后。

Why did you go?I went because Tom told me to go.你為何去？那是因為湯姆叫我去。He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.他很生氣不是因為我們來遲了，而是因為我們弄出了聲音。

As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors.由于雨太大，我們只好呆在家里。

Since you feel ill, you'd better not go to work.既然你感覺不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。比較：because, since, as和for

1）because語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。

I didn't go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）由because引導的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。

He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.5、目的狀語從句用法要點。

常用的引導連詞有so that, that和in order that譯為：以便，為了，目的是。此外還有l(wèi)est, for fear that, in case等詞引導，例如，Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.請講慢一點，以便我們能作詳細筆記。

I shall write down your address that I may not forget.我要把你的地址記下來，以免忘記。

I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time.這封信我以航空信發(fā)出，以便他能及時收到。

You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.注：目的狀語從句可以用動詞不定式來替換做目的狀語

We work harder than usualfinish it in a week.我們比平常加倍努力工作以在一周內(nèi)完

成工作。結(jié)果狀語從句

結(jié)果狀語從句常由so? that 或 such?that引導，掌握這兩個句型，首先要了解so 和 such與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律。

比較：so和 such

其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。

so foolishsuch a fool

so nice a flowersuch a nice flower

so many / few flowerssuch nice flowers

so much / little money.such rapid progress

so many peoplesuch a lot of people

（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。）

so?that與such?that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.He is such a young boy that he can't go to school條件狀語從句用法要點。

我們主要看一下由if引導的條件狀語從句。if 意為“如果”，引導條件狀語從句時，表示假如有從句的動作發(fā)生就(不)會有主句的動作發(fā)生。例如：

If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我們就騎自行車去那里。

If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快點看病。連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。

unless = if not.Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.典型例題

You will be late ___ you leave immediately.A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.or

答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否則你就回遲到的?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.B、D句意不對，or表轉(zhuǎn)折，句子如為 You leave immediately or you will be late.8讓步狀語從句

though, although

注意： 當有though, although時，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?/p>

He is very old, but he still works very hard.雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。

Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。（諺語）

典型例題

1）___she is young, she knows quite a lot.A.When B.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Unless

答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。

2)as, though 引導的倒裝句

as / though引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前）。Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.注意： a.句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。

b.句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems?

雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。

3)ever if, even though.即使

We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.4)whether?or-不管??都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5)“no matter +疑問詞” 或“疑問詞+后綴ever”

No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替換：no matter what = whatever

no matter who = whoever

no matter when = whenever

no matter where = wherever

no matter which = whichever

no matter how = however

注意：no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。

（錯）No matter what you say is of no use now.（對）Whatever you say is of no use now.你現(xiàn)在說什么也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語從句)

（錯）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,（對）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯們只能給什么吃什么。三：主句與從句時態(tài)一致的問題。

在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句和從句之間的時態(tài)一致問題一般分下列兩種情況：

1.若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情態(tài)動詞，或主句中謂語動詞是一般將來時，那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時。例如：

Be careful when you cross the road.過馬路時要小心。

Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask.如果你們有問題要問的話，請舉手。The traffic must stop when the lights are red.紅燈亮時，車輛必須停下。

2.若主從句謂語動詞都是陳述過去，那么主從句都可以用一般過去時。例如：She could sing when she was four years old.她四歲的時候就會唱歌。

第五篇：英語狀語從句

（三）狀語從句

（一）時間狀語從句

例題 I didn’t manage to do it _____ you had explained how.A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.since 分析 時間狀語從句在復合句中作狀語，表示主句動作發(fā)生的時間。引導這種從句的詞有after, before, as, when, while , till , until, since, once;連接副詞immediately 等；起連接作用的短語as soon as, by the 不能用形容詞such.例如：

● Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.4.so+ adj.(adv.)+that+從句●The boy is so old that he can go to school.5.so + adj.+ a(an)+單數(shù)名詞

●He is so good a student that we all like him.time, hardly…when, no sooner…than等。例如： ● I was writing a letter when he came in.● She did not go to bet until she(had)finished her homework.● It is nearly six years since we began to learn English.● Once you begin, you must go on.● By the time I arrived at the station, the train had left.時間狀語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)用法，應(yīng)注意下面兩點： 1． 要用一般現(xiàn)在時替代一般將來時，例如： ● I’ll let him know when he comes.2.要用一般過去時替代過去將來時，例如： ●He said he would wait here until I came back.例題的意思是：“直到你說明怎么辦之后，我才設(shè)法把這件事做好?！备鶕?jù)題意，須由until 引導此例的時間狀語從句，所以正確答案應(yīng)為B。

（二）地點狀語從句

例題 When you read the book , you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.A.at whichB.at whereC.the place whereD.where

分析 地點狀語從句在復合句中作狀語，表示主句的動作發(fā)生的處所或方向，這種從句通常用連接副詞where，wherever(無論在哪里，無論到哪里)引導。例如： ● Where there is oppression, there is struggle.例題的意思是：“你看書時，最好在有問題的地方做一個記號?！贝藦秃暇渲械膹木涫莻€地點狀語從句，須用連接副詞where 引導，所以正確答案應(yīng)為D。

（三）結(jié)果（程度）狀語從句

例題 She told us _____story that we all forgot about the time.A.such an interestingB.such interesting aC.so an interestingD.a so interesting

分析 結(jié)果狀語從句在復合句中作狀語，表示主句的動作所引起的結(jié)果。這種從句由such…that, so…that, so that等引導。其用法舉例如下： 1． Such +a(an)+(adj.)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that+從句

● He left in such a hurry that he forgot to lock the door.2.such+(adj.)+復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+從句

●He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.3.such+(adj.)+不可數(shù)名詞+that+從句

●He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exam.在“such+ adj.+ n.+that+ clause”這個結(jié)構(gòu)中，其中名詞由many, much, few, little 修飾時，須用副詞so,例題中的結(jié)果狀語從句由“such+ an + adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that”引導。屬于第一種情況，所以正確答案應(yīng)為A。

（四）目的狀語從句

例題 I hurried____ I wouldn’t be late for class.A.sinceB.so thatC.as ifD.unless 分析 目的狀語從句在復合句中作狀語，表示主句的動作發(fā)生的目的。這種從句用連詞so that, in order that 等引導。目的狀語從句的謂語動詞中常有情態(tài)動詞may/might, can/ could, will/ would 和should.例如：

● He is working hard so that he may pass his examination.例題中有一個目的狀語從句，所以正確答案應(yīng)為D。

（五）條件狀語從句

例題_____he comes, we won’t be able to go.A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even 分析 條件狀語從句在復合句中作狀語，表示主句的動作發(fā)生的條件、假定等。條件狀語從句通常由連詞if, unless和起連接作用的短語so/ as long as(只要)，so far as(就…)，suppose(that)(假定)等引導。例如：

● If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.● He will not come unless he is invited.● Suppose he is absent, what shall we do?

● As long as we don’t lose heart , we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.例題的選項中只有unless 可以引導一個條件狀語從句，所以正確答案應(yīng)為B。

（六）讓步狀語從句

例題 _____, he doesn’t study well.A.As he is cleverB.He is as cleverC.Clever as he isD.As clever he is

分析 讓步狀語從句在復合句中作狀語，表示某種不利的情況或障礙，但這些因素并不能阻止主句的動作的發(fā)生。這種從句通常用連詞although, though, as, however等；連接代詞whatever, whoever等；起連接作用的短語even if though, no matter how what who 等引導。例如： ● Although/ Though the task was difficult, they managed to complete it in time.● Young as he is, he knows a lot.用as 引導讓步狀語從句時，常用倒裝語序，如上面例句所示?！?Nobody believed him no matter what / whatever he said.● He will never succeed.however/no matter how hard he tries.● Even if/ though an icy wind blew from the north, we always slept with our windows open.例題中有一個as 引導的讓步狀語從句，故從句中的表語clever 須放到as 前面去，所以正確答案應(yīng)為C。