第一篇：原因狀語(yǔ)從句(教案)

原因狀語(yǔ)從句

教學(xué)目標(biāo)：1.復(fù)習(xí)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的用法

2.掌握because, since, as, now that的區(qū)別

3.for 引導(dǎo)的并列句與原因狀語(yǔ)從句的辨析

教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：1.復(fù)習(xí)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的用法

2.掌握because, since, as, now that的區(qū)別 3.for 引導(dǎo)的并列句與原因狀語(yǔ)從句的辨析

教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：1.掌握because, since, as, now that的區(qū)別

2.for 引導(dǎo)的并列句與原因狀語(yǔ)從句的辨析

一、課前預(yù)習(xí)：

認(rèn)真預(yù)習(xí)《中考零距離—系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)集》P132-133有關(guān)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，系統(tǒng)了解原因狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。

二、課堂活動(dòng)：

A、引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞

原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般由從屬連詞because, as, since，now that引導(dǎo)。B、because, as, since和now that的區(qū)別：

1、because“因?yàn)椤?，表示直接的原因，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。1）why提問(wèn)的句子，必須用because回答。2）because的從句常放在主句之后。3）because 不能與so連用。

4）because+ 從句；because of+ 名詞短語(yǔ) I missed the train because I got up late.He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.-Why didn’t he come yesterday?-Because he was ill.2、as“因?yàn)椤?，語(yǔ)氣較弱，一般放在主句前，中間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，表示的是明顯的原因。

As he was not well, I decided to go there without him.As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors.3、since/ now that“既然”，一般放在主句前，中間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，表示的是明顯的原因或眾所周知的事實(shí)。

Since/ Now that this method doesn’t work, let]s try another.Since/ Now that you feel ill, you'd better not go to work.C、for 引導(dǎo)的并列句與原因狀語(yǔ)從句的辨析

并列連詞for“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)的不是從句，而是并列分句，只能放在主句之后，不能放在句首，常用逗號(hào)把它和前面的分句隔開(kāi)。對(duì)主句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明理由或推斷原因。

It rained last night, for the ground is wet.She must have gone out early, for she had not come for breakfast.Exercise:

一、填入恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞

1.I didn’t go to school yesterday _________ I was ill.2.________ everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.3.________ you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.4.I asked her to stay to tea, ________ I had something to tell her.5.________ all the passengers are here, why don’t we start at once? 6.Bill won’t make any progress ________ he doesn’t study harder than before.7.He might have gone to bed, ________ the light went out.二、改寫句子,保持句意不變

1)The ship changed its course because there was a storm.The ship changed its course _______ _______ _______ _______.2)Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.He was ill, _______ he didn’t go to school.3)He couldn't walk because his leg was broken.He couldn't walk ______ ______ his ______ leg.4)I came back because it was raining heavily.I came back ______ ______ the ______ rain.三、課堂小結(jié)：

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

四、回家作業(yè)：

一、填入恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞

1.______ you do not understand, I will explain again.2.______ Jane was the oldest in this family, she had to look after the others.3.He must be ill, ______ he is absent today.4.The teacher must be strict with you ______they want you to make great progress.5._____your father is well again, you no longer have anything to worry about.6.The day breaks, _____the birds are singing.7.______ you are ill, you’d better go to see the doctor.8.______ she was late for class, she had to say sorry.二、選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?/p>

1.The man can’t get on the bus ______ there is no room on it.A.though

B.because

C.until

D so that

2.______ her daughter hadn’t come back, ______ she looked worried.A.Because, / B.Because, so

C.Though, but

D.Though, / 3._______ you’ve got a chance, you might make full use of it.A.Now that

B.After

C.Although

D.As soon as 4.He found it difficult to read, _______ his eyesight was beginning to fail.A.and

B.for

C.but

D.or 5.A man cannot smile like a child, ________ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.A.so

B.but

C.and

D.for

五、學(xué)生反饋：（在完成回家作業(yè)的過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題）

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

六、教師反饋：（在批改學(xué)生回家作業(yè)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題）

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

Keys：

A、引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞：because, as, since，now that B、because, as, since和now that的區(qū)別：

1、because：“因?yàn)椤保硎局苯拥脑?，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。1）why提問(wèn)的句子，必須用because回答。2）because的從句常放在主句之后。3）because 不能與so連用。

4）because+ 從句；because of+ 名詞短語(yǔ)

2、as：“因?yàn)椤保Z(yǔ)氣較弱，一般放在主句前，中間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，表示的是明顯的原因。

3、since/now that：“既然”，一般放在主句前，中間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，表示的是明顯的原因或眾所周知的事實(shí)。

C、for 引導(dǎo)的并列句與原因狀語(yǔ)從句的辨析：并列連詞for“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)的不是從句，而是并列分句，只能放在主句之后，不能放在句首，常用逗號(hào)把它和前面的分句隔開(kāi)。對(duì)主句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明理由或推斷原因。

課堂練習(xí)：

一、1.because 2.Since 3.As 4.because 5.Since 6.because 7.for

二、1.because of the storm 2.so 3.because of broken 4.because of heavy 回家作業(yè)：

一、1.since 2.As 3.for 4.because 5.Since 6.for 7.Since 8.As

二、1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.D

第二篇：狀語(yǔ)從句教案

高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教案

高一英語(yǔ)【北師大版】必修一語(yǔ)法 【一】分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

（1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。

現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系的區(qū)別。

1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。He went out，shutting the door behind him.他出去后將門隨手關(guān)上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。

2）過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果對(duì)這些樹(shù)多關(guān)心一些，它們本來(lái)會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困難的時(shí)候，我們必須設(shè)法克服。Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better 2)分詞作狀語(yǔ)放在句子開(kāi)頭，除表示原因之外有時(shí)表示時(shí)間或條件。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，除了表示目的以外，還表示結(jié)果或原因。

Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在專心讀書，他忘了吃午飯的時(shí)間。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔細(xì)讀書時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(時(shí)間)Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔細(xì)閱讀，你會(huì)學(xué)到一些新的東西。(條件)作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，如果動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞； 如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系或者表示狀態(tài)，用過(guò)去分詞

we left him crying outside the gate.we found his hands tied behind his back.we found the world outside changed.狀態(tài)

用過(guò)去分詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)的判斷關(guān)鍵：名詞與該動(dòng)作的關(guān)系 【二】分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 1.現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)：

從功能上看，現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)表示 1）主動(dòng)（及物）；2）進(jìn)行（不及物）。做定語(yǔ)：相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句(主動(dòng))

Do you know the boy standing at the door?

à Do you know the boy who is standing at the door?

A developing country needs aids.àA country that/which is developing needs aids.They lived in a house facing the south àThey lived in a house that faced the south.The man wearing a red tie is our head.àThe man who wears a red tie(戴紅領(lǐng)帶)is our head.The workers working in the factory are well-paid.àThe workers who are working in the factory are well-paid.在這家工廠工作的工人報(bào)酬很好 2．過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)

從功能上看，過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)表示1）被動(dòng)（及物）；2）完成（不及物）。做定語(yǔ)：相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句（被動(dòng)），有時(shí)侯也表示完成的 The broken window was repaired this morning.The window broken yesterday was….àThe window that/which was broken yesterday was…..昨天被打破的玻璃今早被修好了

The sold hamburgers are not to my taste.The hamburgers sold in this chain are not to…..這家連鎖店賣的漢堡不適合我的口味 The hamburgers that/which are sold in this chain are not to….The arrived guests will be led in.（此過(guò)去分詞表示完成）The guests arrived just now will….剛到的客人將會(huì)被帶進(jìn)來(lái) The guests who arrived just now will be….The book that was written by Wang sells well.àThe book written by Wang sells well.The tie that is worn by our head is made in Shanghai.àThe tie worn by our head is made in SH The shoes(that were)made in a small factory are of bad quality.小廠產(chǎn)的鞋子質(zhì)量差

反之，一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞做定語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)

The man I introduced to you yesterday had just returned from Japan.The man introduced to you by me yesterday had just…昨天我給你介紹的那人剛從日本回來(lái)

He is a man who is loved by all.à He is a man loved by all.他是個(gè)大家所熱愛(ài)的人 The leaves that have fallen are collected by the cleaners.àThe fallen leaves are collected…

That letter I received last week was from Li.à The letter received last week was from Li.【三】狀語(yǔ)從句的省略

一般說(shuō)來(lái)省略現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語(yǔ)從句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；由whether ,if , unless 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；由 though , although ,even if ,whatever等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；由 as ,than 等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句；由as, as if , as though 等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句。上述狀語(yǔ)從句在省略時(shí)，并非任何成分都可以省略而是遵循下面原則：

（1）當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)且從句中含有BE動(dòng)詞的某種形式時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞be，這時(shí)從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)：

① 連詞（as, as if , once）+ 名詞

如：Once(he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer.龐龍?jiān)?jīng)是個(gè)工人，現(xiàn)在變成一位著名的歌手。

②連詞（though, whether , when）+形容詞

如：Work hard when(you are)young ,or you'll regret.趁年輕要努力學(xué)習(xí)，要不然你會(huì)后悔的。

③連詞(whether, as if ,while)+介詞短語(yǔ)

如：He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.他到處看似乎在找什么東西。

④連詞(when , while , though)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞

如：While(he was)holding talks with President Hu Jintao , US President George W.Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.美國(guó)總統(tǒng)布什在與胡錦濤主席會(huì)談時(shí)，感謝中國(guó)在六方會(huì)談中起的重要作用。

⑤ 連詞(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as)+ 過(guò)去分詞

如：The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.這次展覽比被預(yù)料的有趣的多

⑥ 連詞(as if ,as though)+ 不定式

如：Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.奧林匹克金牌獲得者跨欄運(yùn)動(dòng)員劉翔張開(kāi)嘴好象要說(shuō)什么。

（2）當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致，但從句主語(yǔ)是 it，從句中又含有系動(dòng)詞be 的某種形式時(shí)，可以把it和系動(dòng)詞be一起省略。如：Unless(it is)necessary ,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果沒(méi)有必要，你最好不要查字典。

各種狀語(yǔ)從句的省略現(xiàn)象列舉如下：

一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

When(she was)very young, she began to learn to play the piano.她很小時(shí)，就開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼琴。

While(I was)at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.我在上大學(xué)時(shí)就開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)他，一個(gè)奇怪但有能力的學(xué)生。

When arriving, send me a telegram.(When you arrive, send me a telegram.)到達(dá)之后，來(lái)個(gè)電報(bào)。

Before leaving, turn off all the lights.(Before you leave, turn off all the lights.)走之前，請(qǐng)關(guān)閉所有的燈。

Don’t come in until(you are)asked to.不叫你請(qǐng)你不要進(jìn)來(lái)。

Whenever(it is)possible, you should come and help.不管什么時(shí)候只要有可能就來(lái)幫忙。

You should let us know the result as soon as(it is)possible.你應(yīng)盡快讓我們知道結(jié)果。

注：as在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，沒(méi)有這種省略現(xiàn)象。我們不可說(shuō)As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground.二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的省略常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)：where(ver)possible, where(ver)necessary，Lay these books where possible you can find them easily.把這些書放在你可能容易找到的地方。

Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages.在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠詞。

三、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

常用的句型是：if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等。如：

Send the goods now if(they are)ready.貨物如果準(zhǔn)備好了，請(qǐng)送過(guò)來(lái)。

He will come if(he is)asked.如果叫他來(lái)，他就來(lái)。

If(it is)necessary, ring me at home.如果有可能，朝我家里打電話。

Come along with me if(it is)possible.如果有可能和我一起去吧.。

If(it is)true, this will casue us a lot of trouble.如果是真的，這會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)很多麻煩。

There are few people nowadays, if(there are)any, who remember him.很少有人能記起他。

You should stay where you are, unless(you are)asked to leave.你應(yīng)呆在你現(xiàn)在的地方不動(dòng)，除非叫你動(dòng)。

四、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

He is a good man, though sometimes(he is)rather dull.他真是個(gè)好人，盡管有時(shí)有點(diǎn)無(wú)聊。

Even if(I am)invited to, I won’t go to such a bad lecture.即使邀我去，我都不想聽(tīng)如此壞的報(bào)告。

五、比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you(do).她鋼琴?gòu)椀奈夷銖椀囊粯雍谩?/p>

She has finished the work earlier than(it has been)expected.【四】with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

with結(jié)構(gòu)是許多英語(yǔ)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的一種。學(xué)好它對(duì)學(xué)好復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)均能起很重

要的作用。本文就此的構(gòu)成、特點(diǎn)及用法等作一較全面闡述,以幫助同學(xué)們掌握這一重要的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。

一、with結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成 它是由介詞with或without+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞with或without的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中第一部分賓語(yǔ)由名詞或代詞充當(dāng),第二

部分補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式或分詞充當(dāng),分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞,也可以是過(guò)去分詞。With結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成方式如下： 1.with或without-名詞/代詞+形容詞； 2.with或without-名詞/代詞+副詞； 3.with或without-名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)； 4.with或without-名詞/代詞 +動(dòng)詞不定式； 5.with或without-名詞/代詞 +分詞。下面分別舉例：

1、She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名詞+形容詞,作伴隨狀語(yǔ))

2、With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名詞+副詞,作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名詞+介詞短語(yǔ),作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。)The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名詞+不定式,作伴隨狀語(yǔ))He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代詞 +不定式,作條件狀語(yǔ))

5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 ,作伴隨狀語(yǔ))Without anything left in the cupboard, shewent out to get something to eat.(without+代詞+過(guò)去分詞,作為原因狀語(yǔ))

二、with結(jié)構(gòu)的用法

在句子中with結(jié)構(gòu)多數(shù)充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),表示行為方式,伴隨情況、時(shí)間、原因或條件(詳見(jiàn)上述例句)。

With結(jié)構(gòu)在句中也可以作定語(yǔ)。例如： 1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、with結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)

1.with結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞with或without+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中第一部分與第二部分語(yǔ)法上是賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)關(guān)系,而在邏輯上,卻具有主謂關(guān)系,也就是說(shuō),可以用第一部分作主語(yǔ),第二部分作謂語(yǔ),構(gòu)成一個(gè)句子。例如： With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.)She fell asleep with the light burning.→(The light was burning.)With her hair gone,there could be no use for them.→(Her hair was gone.)2.在with結(jié)構(gòu)中,第一部分為人稱代詞時(shí),則該用賓格代詞。例如： He could not finish it without me to help him.四、幾點(diǎn)說(shuō)明：

1.with結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中的位置： with 結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ),表示時(shí)間、條件、原因時(shí)一般放在句子前面,并用逗號(hào)與句子分開(kāi)；表示方式和伴隨狀況時(shí)一般放在句子后面,不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。若with結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ),則放在所修飾的名詞之后,一般不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。

2.with結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別： 在with結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),表示主動(dòng),但是不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,而現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在發(fā)生或發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成。

例如： With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已領(lǐng)過(guò)路)With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天將領(lǐng)路)He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寢室被關(guān)著)3.with結(jié)構(gòu)與一般的with短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： with結(jié)構(gòu)具有上述功能和特點(diǎn),而“介詞with+名詞或代詞(組)”組成的一般的with短語(yǔ)在句子中可以作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),它能表示動(dòng)作的方式、原因,但不能表示時(shí)間、伴隨和條件。在一般的with短語(yǔ)中,with后面所跟的不是復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),也根本沒(méi)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

4.with結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系： with結(jié)構(gòu)屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),但在結(jié)構(gòu)上,with結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞with或without引導(dǎo),名詞前有冠詞、形容詞、所有格代詞或其它詞類所修飾,結(jié)構(gòu)較松散；而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有with或without引導(dǎo),結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密,名詞前可用可不用修飾語(yǔ)。在句法功能上,with結(jié)構(gòu)可以作定語(yǔ),獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則不能；獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作狀語(yǔ),但也可以作主語(yǔ),而with結(jié)構(gòu)則不能。

獨(dú)立主格在口語(yǔ)中不常用,往往由一個(gè)從句代替,而with結(jié)構(gòu)較口語(yǔ)化,較常用。例如： There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.(“with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作定語(yǔ))A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),作主語(yǔ))The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),表示伴隨狀況或行為方式,作狀語(yǔ))Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語(yǔ),表示伴隨情況)board, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代詞+過(guò)去分詞,作為原因狀語(yǔ))1.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.（2007 安徽）A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished 2.----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.----Sorry.With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down.(2007 福建)A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled 3.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.（2005 北京）A.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on 4.________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)A.With B.Besides C.As for D/ Because of 5.It was a pity that the great writer died _______ his works unfinished.(2004 福建)A.for B.with C.from D.of 6.The young woman _______ a baby sleeping in her arms was wandering in the street.A.with B.because C.on D.like 7.Everyone should go to sleep with the light turned off.A.as B.with C.for D.on 8._______ so many homework to do, Mary won’t have time to play with her friends this morning.A.Without B.With C.By D.Because 9._______ the door open, the noise of the machines is almost deafening.A.Because B.As C.With D.Because of 10._______ his mother out, he had to stay at home alone.A.As B.For C.Because D.With 11._______ all things considered, her proposal is of greater than his A.Like B.With C.On D.Without 12._______ time permitting, we will visit the Summer Palace.A.By B.On C.With D.As 參考答案：1-5ABAAB 6-12ABBCDBC 文 章來(lái)源

第三篇：狀語(yǔ)從句教案

狀語(yǔ)從句

定義：在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)的從句

（2）as “一邊一邊”“隨著”引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，側(cè)重主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.He sang as he walked.（3）While：指的是“在某一時(shí)間里”，“在…期間”，從句里的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，它也強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動(dòng)作的同時(shí)發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動(dòng)作的對(duì)比.He is tall while his brother is short 注意：如果同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，用when 位置：狀語(yǔ)的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。

分類：按意義可分為時(shí)間、條件、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、讓步.方式、比較等狀語(yǔ)從句。一 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(主將從現(xiàn))before用法（1）在…之前(2)“就”、“才”

1.基本類：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon as

it is/will be +一段時(shí)間+before+句子“還要多久才，多久之后才/就”

2.名詞類（由名詞詞組充當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞）：the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant, till和until用法

(一…就…);every time, each time, the last time, the first time, by the time，（1）都可以用于肯定句，譯為“直到。才”

3.副詞類（由副詞充當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞）：immediately, directly, instantly,(一...就...)soon after, shortly after

4.句型類no sooner…than…, hardly… when…, scarcely…when/before.(一…就…)

用法:（1）中間用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后面用一般過(guò)去式。

（2.）no sooner/hardly/scarcely放在句首時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí)句子部分倒裝，后面不倒裝。No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.（必背）

1、連接詞when、while、as ⑴when①“正當(dāng)…時(shí)候”，即可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作。

可以表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前。如： When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同時(shí)）When the lesson was over, we began our writing.（從句動(dòng)作在前）When 的四個(gè)短語(yǔ) be about to do sth when … 正要做。。這時(shí)

be doing sth when …正在做。。這時(shí)

be on the point of doing sth when …正要做。。這時(shí)

just …when …正。。這時(shí)

(2)否定句不用till，用until，短語(yǔ)“not …until..”直到。才。（3）放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)一般用until不用till

eg Until he returns,nothing can be done

（4）倒裝句：not until 放句首，后面第二個(gè)句子部分倒裝。

（5）強(qiáng)調(diào)句：結(jié)構(gòu) it is not until +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that + 其他since 用法

since結(jié)構(gòu) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+since+過(guò)去時(shí) since強(qiáng)調(diào)句 it is +一段時(shí)間+since +過(guò)去時(shí)

二 條件狀語(yǔ)從句（主將從現(xiàn)）

引導(dǎo)詞: if（如果）, unless=if…not（除非,如果不）, as long as =so long as（只要), in case(that)(以防,萬(wàn)一), on condition that(只要，條件是), if only(要是...多好), only if(只要), supposing/ suppose(假設(shè)，如果)provided that /providing(如果)，assuming that（假設(shè)）seeing that（考慮到，鑒于）,considering that（考慮到）, given that（假設(shè)）

三 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：where，wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.eg It is such an interesting book that she has read it twice.注意：1不可數(shù)名詞一定與such連用 2可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)一定與such連用 3 little譯為“少的”與so 連用，譯為“小的”通常與such 連用。

七 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句（主將從現(xiàn)）

引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, as(盡管，雖然), even if, even though（即使）, while（然

四 原因狀語(yǔ)從句

而，盡管，一般用在句首）wh-ever, no matter wh-, whether…or…(不管。還是。。)常用引導(dǎo)詞：because（因?yàn)椋? since（既然）, as（由于）, now that（既然），注意：1.although,though.不與but連用，可與still，yet連用

in that（因?yàn)椋?.2.as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)從句部分語(yǔ)序要部分倒裝。

because, since，as的區(qū)別：

結(jié)構(gòu)：n.(無(wú)冠詞)/adj./adv./v +as/though +主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)(時(shí)態(tài))

eg：Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages.五 目的狀語(yǔ)從句

Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表語(yǔ)名詞提前并常省去冠詞）

引導(dǎo)詞：so that（以便于）, in order that（以便于，為了），lest（以防）, in case3、no matter wh-…只用于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，wh+ever用于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句,同（以防，萬(wàn)一）, for fear that（以防，擔(dān)心，害怕），in the hope that（希望能）, for the

時(shí)出現(xiàn)用wh+ever

purpose that（為了）, to the end that（為了）

八 比較狀語(yǔ)從句

六 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級(jí)比較):as…as..(和…一樣)not as/so as(不如…)

引導(dǎo)連詞有so that（以便于）, so….that, such….that…(如此。。以至于…)

than(不同程度的比較)1.so…that… 與such…that… 的區(qū)別 so +adj./adv.+that so +adj.+a/an +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ that so +many/much/few/little+名詞+that eg ：It is so interesting a book that she has read it twice such +a/an+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that such +adj.+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that such +a lot of/lots of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the 比較級(jí)。。，the +比較級(jí)…;（越…,越…）

越來(lái)越…（比較級(jí)and 比較級(jí)，more and more +多音節(jié)adj/adv）

just as …(正如)，A is to B what /as C is to D（A對(duì)于B就像C對(duì)于D）;

no … more than（不如。。）

九 方式狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)詞: as(象….一樣,正如),as if/as though(好像,似乎)

how/however +adj/adv +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)），the way（像。。的方式）

第四篇：狀語(yǔ)從句教案

狀語(yǔ)從句 聯(lián)系鏈： 1。引導(dǎo)詞的角度

（1）可以同時(shí)用于名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞：when , whatever , that , where(2)可以同時(shí)用于形容詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞：as , that , where , when 2.功能的角度

（1）狀語(yǔ)從句具有副詞的功能

（2）定語(yǔ)從句具有形容詞的功能

（3）名詞性從句具有名詞的功能 3.從句所作成分的角度

（1）名詞性從句充當(dāng)：主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)

（2）形容詞性從句充當(dāng)：定語(yǔ)

（3）副詞性從句充當(dāng)：狀語(yǔ) 4.句子結(jié)構(gòu)的角度

(1)狀語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句成分完整(2)定語(yǔ)從句成分不完整 5。語(yǔ)序角度

狀語(yǔ)從句

倒裝

特殊句式 6。連詞角度

主從句的邏輯關(guān)系

兩個(gè)句子的關(guān)系

并列句 知識(shí)鏈

1。狀語(yǔ)從句

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

原因狀語(yǔ)從句

目的狀語(yǔ)從句

條件狀語(yǔ)從句

結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

比較狀語(yǔ)從句

方式狀語(yǔ)從句 2。功能角度

在整個(gè)主從句中作狀語(yǔ) 3。從句關(guān)系角度

主從句中的主謂不一致

4。主從句位置角度

可前可后 5。語(yǔ)境角度

主從句邏輯關(guān)系

選擇連詞

部分連詞引起的倒裝 6。時(shí)態(tài)的角度

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，從句一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí) 模型鏈 狀語(yǔ)從句

定義：在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語(yǔ)稱作狀語(yǔ)從句，它可以用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)（包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，或是整個(gè)句子。狀語(yǔ)從句通常由一個(gè)連詞引起，也可以由一個(gè)起連詞作用的詞組引起，有時(shí)甚至不需要連詞直接和主句連接起來(lái)。狀語(yǔ)從句一般分為九大類（見(jiàn)下表）1．時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：

在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，要注意時(shí)態(tài)一致，一般情況下主句是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞很多，根據(jù)意義和主從句之間的時(shí)間關(guān)系，又可分類如下：

(1)表示同時(shí)性，即主從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。其連詞有：when（當(dāng)……的時(shí)候）, while（當(dāng)……的時(shí)候）, as（當(dāng)……的時(shí)候）, as soon as（一……就……）, once（一旦……）等。如： Strike while the iron is hot.趁熱打鐵。

While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while含有對(duì)比的意思）我洗地板的時(shí)候，你可以擦窗戶。

As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的時(shí)候遇到了我的一位老同學(xué)。I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.我一有他的答復(fù)就給你打電話。Once you see him, you will never forget him.你一旦見(jiàn)過(guò)他，就不會(huì)忘了他的。

(2)表示先時(shí)或后時(shí)，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句之前或之后，主要連詞有：after（在……之后）, before（在……之前）, when(=after)等。如：

After / When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.（從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的動(dòng)作之前，所以從句用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)）孩子睡覺(jué)了以后她開(kāi)始備課。

He had learned English for three years before he went to London.（主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前，所以主句用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)）他去倫敦之前已學(xué)了三年英語(yǔ)。

It was not long before I forgot it all.(It is / was / will be …before…是常用句型)He ran off before I could stop him.（主句和從句的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，時(shí)態(tài)一致）

我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意before在漢語(yǔ)中的譯義)(3)表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性，即從句描述的不是一次性動(dòng)作，而是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。主要連詞有every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每當(dāng)）等。例如：

Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每當(dāng)我們遇上困難的時(shí)候，他們就來(lái)幫我們。Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次進(jìn)城，總要來(lái)看看我們的學(xué)校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。

（4）表示持續(xù)性或瞬間性，主要連詞有：since（自從）, ever since（自從）, until（直到……才/為止）, till（直到……才/為止）等。如： It is just a week since we arrived here.（It is /was… since…是常用句型）

我們到這兒剛剛一星期。(主句的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時(shí)間較短，不能用ever since)You have been reading to me ever since James went out.（ever 放在since之前是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)）自從James走后你一直在給我朗讀。

The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.(ever since可以放在句末，since則不能)這只一向日夜不停打點(diǎn)報(bào)時(shí)的大鐘在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中損壞了，從此就一直不響了。

My uncle went to Tibet in 1951.He has been living there ever since.我叔叔于1951年去了西藏，從那以后他一直生活在那里。

Things went well until / till one night an accident happened.事情一切正常，直到有一天晚上發(fā)生了意外。

I knew nothing about it until / till he told me.(但Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.“till”不位于句首)他告訴我了我才知道。2． 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句是由where（在……的地方）, wherever（無(wú)論哪里）引導(dǎo)的： Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武漢位于長(zhǎng)江和漢水匯合處。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(這里where引導(dǎo)的從句不是定語(yǔ)從句)哪有問(wèn)題，你最好在哪做個(gè)記號(hào)。

He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.他無(wú)論在什么地方，總是與我們保持聯(lián)系。

3．原因狀語(yǔ)從句

表示原因的狀語(yǔ)從句可以由as（由于）, because(因?yàn)?, since（既然）, now(that)（既然）, considering that（顧及到）, seeing that（由于）等連詞引導(dǎo)：

I do it because I like it.因?yàn)槲蚁矚g我才干。(because不能與 so連用)He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能見(jiàn)過(guò)我，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)我不在那兒。

Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.由于好些人都沒(méi)到會(huì)，我們決定延期開(kāi)會(huì)。

Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.既然大家都來(lái)了，咱們就設(shè)法做出一個(gè)決定吧。

As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party.由于病了，她沒(méi)來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。

Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.考慮到他們才剛剛學(xué)做，他們干得算很不錯(cuò)的了。

4.目的狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的主要連詞有:that, so that（以便）, in order that（為了）, for fear that（以便）, in case（萬(wàn)一）等，從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等。如：

Let’s take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.我們坐前排吧，這樣我們看得更清楚些。School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.早點(diǎn)兒放學(xué)是為了讓孩子們?cè)诒╋L(fēng)雨到來(lái)之前回家。

He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.他把名字寫下省得忘了。（該從句中一般用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should+動(dòng)詞原形，或省略should）

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多帶些衣服以防天氣會(huì)冷。

5.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：that, so that（從句中不帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）, so…that(如此……以致..), such…that(如此……以致……)等。

What has happened that you all look so excited? 發(fā)生了什么事，使你們都顯得如此興奮？

He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.他沒(méi)把時(shí)間計(jì)劃好，結(jié)果沒(méi)按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。

We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.我們走得匆忙，把門都忘了鎖了。（such是形容詞，后接名詞）

The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.這村子太小，所以這地圖上沒(méi)有。（so是副詞，后接形容詞或副詞）

Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much = Jenny is so clever a girl that….Jenny是如此聰明的女孩，以至老師們都非常喜歡她。

但是，當(dāng)名詞前有many, much, few, little(少)修飾時(shí)，要用so,不能用such。例如：

I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了許多跤，以至于渾身青一塊，紫一塊。He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以經(jīng)常感到孤獨(dú)。

I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.我當(dāng)時(shí)囊腫羞澀，連一份小小禮物都買不起。6． 條件狀語(yǔ)從句

表示條件的狀語(yǔ)從句可以由if（如果）, unless（除非）, in case（萬(wàn)一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就……而言）, on condition that（條件是……）, suppose（假設(shè)）, supposing（假設(shè)）（僅用在問(wèn)句中）等詞或詞組引導(dǎo)。一般情況下當(dāng)主句是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服困難的方法。

Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.萬(wàn)一你有什么困難，請(qǐng)給我們一個(gè)信兒。

If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.如果你明早6點(diǎn)鐘走，你最好現(xiàn)在就上床。

We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.只要你能保持整潔，我們可以讓你使用這個(gè)房間。

As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.據(jù)我所知，他是一個(gè)DNA專家。

He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.他會(huì)接受這項(xiàng)工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的話。

Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?假設(shè)我們弄不到足夠的食物，那我們?cè)趺崔k？

7． 方式狀語(yǔ)從句

方式狀語(yǔ)從句常由as（與……一樣）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等詞引導(dǎo)：

Do in Rome as the Romans do.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。Leave things as they are.讓一切順其自然。

She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting for someone.她站在門口，仿佛在等人似的。（由as if或 as though引導(dǎo)的從句中可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）8． 比較狀語(yǔ)從句

比較狀語(yǔ)從句常由than（比）, as（與……一樣）等詞引導(dǎo)： It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.上海下的雨比北京的多。Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.我們的國(guó)家同整個(gè)歐洲一樣大。The result was not as/so good as I had expected.結(jié)果不如我預(yù)料的那么好。The busier he is, the happier he feels.（常見(jiàn)句型）他越忙越開(kāi)心。9． 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

讓步狀語(yǔ)從句由although（盡管）, though（盡管）, however（無(wú)論怎樣）, whatever（無(wú)論什么）, whoever（無(wú)論誰(shuí)）, whomever（無(wú)論誰(shuí)）, whichever（無(wú)論哪個(gè)）, whenever（無(wú)論何時(shí)）, wherever（無(wú)論哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter(who, what, where, when, etc)（無(wú)論……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等詞引導(dǎo)。如：

We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though)we fail ten times.我們就是失敗十次也不泄氣。

It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.那是一場(chǎng)精彩的球賽，盡管一個(gè)球都沒(méi)進(jìn)。(though, although不能與 but連用)Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.不管你信不信，這是真的。

However(=No matter how)expensive it may be, I’ll take it.無(wú)論它有多貴，我也要買下它。Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who)they are.不管他們是誰(shuí)，別讓他們進(jìn)來(lái)。

No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.無(wú)論我說(shuō)什么或怎么說(shuō)，他總認(rèn)為是我錯(cuò)。連詞as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，但從句中要用特殊語(yǔ)序。如：

Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….他雖然年輕，但懂得很多。(though 也有這種用法，可以替換as,但although沒(méi)有這種用法)though還可以用作副詞，放在句末。如：

It was hard work;;I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦，但是我喜歡干。

第五篇：狀語(yǔ)從句

Clauses of Condition, Concession and Contrast(條件、讓步和對(duì)比從句)條件從句

由 if, unless, as(so)long as, provided / providing(that), suppose / supposing(that), in case等引導(dǎo)，如：

If he comes I'll tell you.You would have succeeded if you had tried harder.You will fail unless you work hard.(=You will fail if you don't work hard.)

Supposing / Suppose it rains, shall we have the match as scheduled?

In case you need anything else, please let me know.讓步從句

由 although, though, even though, even if, whether...or, while, as, wh-words + ever(= no matter + wh-words)等從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

He is quite modest though he is the best student in the class.The needle has the same mass whether it is hot or cold.Whichever(No matter which)plan you adopt, you will meet with difficulties.使用上述讓步從句的某些從屬連詞時(shí)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

a.although(though)不可與連詞 but 連用；

b.as 引導(dǎo)的從句意義和 though 相似，但表示的語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，并須將強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞放在句首（但不用 although），如：

Simple as(though)the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.c.however / no matter how 引導(dǎo)的從句中，however / no matter how 后須緊跟形容詞或副詞，如：

However / No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't remember all the questions.對(duì)比從句

表示兩個(gè)人或兩件事之間的對(duì)比，常用 while 或 whereas 引導(dǎo)，如：

He is idle, while his brother is diligent.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.Clauses of Cause, Result and Purpose(原因、結(jié)果和目的從句)原因從句

主要由下列從屬連詞引導(dǎo)：

1． Because, as, since。其中 because 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，表示直接、主要原因，通常引導(dǎo)的從句放在句尾，特別是回答 why 提出的問(wèn)題只能用 because;as 和 since 表示明顯的、已知的原因，since 比 as 正式，如：

They had to move because their building was to be pulled down.As Mary was the eldest, she looked after the others.Since they live near the sea, they often go sailing.2． now that, seeing(that), considering(that), in that。這些連詞與 as, since 意思相近，通常用于書面語(yǔ)，并且它們兼有其它意義。now that 有“時(shí)間”含義，表示”既然”，說(shuō)明一種新

情況；seeing(that)和 considering(that)有“條件”含義；in that 有”某一方面”含義，如：

Now that you are well again you can travel.Seeing(that)they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter（保姆）.結(jié)果從句

常用 so that, so...that, such...that, that 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

I was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got wet.I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.He was such a good runner that I couldn't catch him.目的從句

常用 so that, in order(that), lest, for fear that 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the meeting.Come closer in order that you may see the blackboard better.so that 既可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果從句也可引導(dǎo)目的從句，但結(jié)果從句表示事實(shí)，通常不含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；目的從句表示希望或想要實(shí)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)，通常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：

He got up early so that he caught the train.（結(jié)果）

He got up early so that he could(might)catch the train.（目的）

Lest 和 for fear(that)含有否定意義，并且從句中動(dòng)詞須用 “動(dòng)詞原形”或 ”should + V.” 的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如：

He ran away lest he(should)be caught.(= He ran away in order that he would not be caught.)

I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.(= I checked all the results time and again so that there wouldn't be any mistakes.)

Clauses of Manner and Comparison(方式和比較從句)方式從句

主要由 just as, as, as if, as though 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

He doesn't speak the way as other people do.Our bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or bricks.He speaks French as if(as though)he were a Frenchman.由 as if 或 as though 引導(dǎo)的從句通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但如果主句謂語(yǔ)是感官動(dòng)詞，并且所述情況實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性大，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，如：

It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.比較從句

主要由 as...as, not so(as)...as, than 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

This table is as wide as that one.Mary can not run so(as)fast as Tom.Silver conducts electricity better than other metals.Clauses of Proportion and Other Types(比例從句和其它從句)比例從句

由關(guān)聯(lián)詞 the...the...連接形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)構(gòu)成，如：

The more she thought about it, the more she liked it.其它從句

如 as...so 和 what...that 引導(dǎo)的類比從句；so(as)far as 引導(dǎo)的范圍從句；except that 引導(dǎo)的例外從句；rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引導(dǎo)的擇比從句等，如：

As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.（沙漠似海，駱駝似舟。）

What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.（鐵路對(duì)于運(yùn)輸，好比血管對(duì)于人的身體。）

As(So)far as I know, he is an honest man.（據(jù)我所知，他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。）

I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.（要不是我太忙了，我會(huì)很高興去做的。）

Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.（他寧可沿街乞討，也不愿意用欺騙手段騙取錢。）

He would rather have the small one than the large one.（他寧可要那個(gè)小的，而不愿要那個(gè)大的。）