第一篇：積累的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)

新編英語(yǔ)教程(李觀儀)A New English Course

Space Requirements How much living space does a person need? What happens when these space requirements are not adequately met? Sociologists and psychologists are conducting experiments on rats to try to determine the effects of overcrowding on humans.Recent studies have shown that the behavior of rats is greatly affected by space.If rats have adequate living space, they eat well, sleep well and reproduce well.But if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior patterns and even their health conditions change perceptibly.They cannot sleep and eat well, and signs of fear and tension become obvious.The more crowded they are, the more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other.Thus, for rats, population and violence are directly related.Is this a natural law for human society as well? Is adequate space not only desirable but also essential for human survival? There is an inn where I lived one summer,writing my book and observing the tourists.Torcello which used to be lonely as a cloud has recently become an outing from Venice.Many more visitors than it can comfortably hold pour into it, off the regular steamers, off chartered motor-boats, and off yachts, all day they amble up the towpath, looking for what? The cathedral is decorated with eraly mosaics—scenes from hell, much restored, and a great sad, austere Madonna;Byzantine art is an acquired taste and probably not one in ten of the visitors has acquired it.They wander into the church and look around aimlessly.They come out on to the village green and photograph each other in a stone armchair, said to be the throne of Attila.They relentlessly tear at the wild roses which one has seen in bud and longed to see in bloom and which, for a day have scented the whole island.As soon as they are picked the roses fade and are thrown into the canal.The Americans visit the inn to eat or drink something.The English declare that they cannot afford to do this.They take food which they have brought with them into the vineyard and I am sorry to say leave the devil of a mess behind them.Every Thursday Germans come up the towpath, marching as to war, with a Leader.There is a standing order for fifty luncheons at the inn;while they eat the Leader lectures them through a megaphone.After luncheon they march into the cathedral and undergo another lecture.They, at least, know what they are seeing.Then they march back to their boat.They are tidy;they leave on litter.More interesting, however, than the behavior of the tourists is that of the islanders.As they are obliged, whether they like it or not, to live in public during the whole summer, they very naturally try to extract some financial benefit from this state of affairs.Babies toddle about offering four-leafed clovers and hoping for a tip.More cries of ―Buona fortuna‖.The priest organizes holy processions to coincide with the arrival of the steamer.And so the play goes on.The tourists are incredibly mean, they hardly leave anything on the island except empty cigarette boxes and flapping Daily Mails.The lace is expensive, but they might buy a few postcards or shell necklaces and give the children some pennies;they seem to have hearts of stone.As soon as the last boat has gone, down comes the curtain.The ―gondoliers‖ shed their white linen jackets and silly straw hats and go back to Burano, taking Eric , highly dissatisfied with his earnings and saying if this goes on he will die of hunger.The sweet old women let the smiles fade from their faces, put away their lace-making pillows, and turn to ordinary activities of village life such as drowning kittens.The father of the clover babies creeps about on his knees finding four-leafed clovers for the next day.The evening reproaches ring out, the moon comes up, the flapping Daily Mails blow into the lagoon.Torcello is itself again.You will be more successful in bringing others to your belief if you agree with them than if you show evidence for your point of view.People are ruled more by whim than by wisdom.A learned profession is sometimes defined as any job that employs scholarly achievement in the service of others.According to this definition, any position involving extensive academic training that is subsequently used in the service of society is to be considered a learned profession.When the consumer makes choices, he is actually deciding the kinds of products that businesses will offer for sale, an article that has little demand and yields small profit will be discontinued by business.The speaker argued that one trouble with price supports is that they are too high, they encourage production that is not needed.If farmers know they are going to get the support price(支持性?xún)r(jià)格，通過(guò)補(bǔ)貼等形式對(duì)農(nóng)民保證農(nóng)產(chǎn)品最低價(jià)格), they will produce all they can without regard for what the market will actually take.THE SUBWAY(Tom Wolfe)In a way, of course, the subway is the living symbol of all that adds up to lack of status in New York.There is a sense of madness and disorientation at almost every express stop.The ceilings are low, the vistas are long, there are no landmarks, the lightning is an eerie blend of fluorescent tubing, electric light bulbs and neon advertising.The whole place is a gross assault on the senses(感官).The noise of the trains stopping or rounding curves has a high-pitched harshness that is difficult to describe.People feel no qualms about pushing whenever it becomes crowded.Your tactile sense(觸覺(jué))takes a crucifying you never dreamed possible.The odors become unbearable when the weather is warm.Between platforms, record shops broadcast 45 r.p.m records with metallic tones and lunch counters serve the kind of hot dogs in which you bite through a tensile, rubbery surface and then hit a soft, oleaginous center like cottonseed meal, and the customers sit there with pastry and bread flakes caked around their mouths, belching to themselves so that their cheeks pop out flatulently now and then.Cake（使）結(jié)塊，（使）凝結(jié) a cake of soap一塊肥皂 shoes caked with mud粘結(jié)了泥塊的鞋

The underground spaces seem to attract every eccentric passion.A small and ancient man with a Bible, an American flag and a megaphone haunts（vt.常去，常到）the subways of Manhattan.He opens the Bible and quotes from it in a strong but old and monotonous voice.He uses the megaphone at express stops, where the noise is too great for his voice to be heard ordinarily, and calls for redemption.Also beggars.And among the beggars New York’s status competition is renewed, there in the much-despised subway.On the Seventh Avenue IRT line the competition is maniacal.Some evenings the beggars ricochet off one another between stops, calling one another—s and –-s and telling each other to go find their own-----car.A mere blind man with a cane and a cup is mediocre business.What is demanded is entertainment.Two boys, one of them with a bongo drum, get on and the big boy, with the drum, starts beating on it as soon as the train starts up, and the little boy goes into what passes for a native dance.Then, if there is room, he goes into a tumbling act.He runs from one end of the car, first in the direction the train is going, and does a complete somersault in the air, landing on his feet.Then he runs back the other way and does a somersault in the air, only this time against the motion of the train He does this several times both ways, doing some native dancing in between.This act takes so long that it can be done properly only over a long stretch, such as the run between 42nd Street and 72nd Street.After the act is over, the boys pass along the car with Dixie cups, asking for contributions.Since nylon[nailon] is unaffected by mold(霉菌), fungus(真菌), and moisture(潮濕), it was useful during World War Ⅱ in making equipment for jungle fighting.In attaining one’s objectives, subtle direction is often more effective than brute force.Men will yield to persuasion when they would resist coertion.Each year textbooks become shorter and at the same time convey more solid(印刷，行間的)密排的 information.Their authors tend increasingly toward compactness(緊密,堅(jiān)實(shí),壓縮,簡(jiǎn)潔).If the battle is hard, victory is all the more(更加，越發(fā))glorious.It is the difficulty of obtaining something that gives the thing its value.He had a delicate(精致柔弱的；要求悉心處置的，難處理的；考慮周到，為他人著想的)dislike of offending other men’s opinions.He dealt with them tenderly.This is a somewhat delicate subject.這是個(gè)有點(diǎn)敏感的話題 American cities, with few exceptions, resemble each other greatly.It is true that some of them may be constructed chiefly of wood, while others are chiefly brick, but in every other respect they are markedly uniform.Why do fashions occur in the first place? One reason is that in some cultures, like ours, values change: what is new is good.Thus in many modern societies clothing styles change yearly, while people in traditional societies may wear the same style of clothing for many generations.Many industries promote quick changes in fashions to increase their sales.Fashions are stimulated, too, by the quest for prestige and social mobility(社會(huì)地位的流動(dòng)).Although a new style occasionally originates from lower-status groups, as blue jeans did, most fashions trickle down from the top.Upper-class people adopt some style or artifact as a badge(標(biāo)記,象征,徽章)of their status, but they cannot monopolize壟斷，獨(dú)占 most status symbols for long.The style or object adopted by the middle-class may be copied and modified for use by lower-status groups, providing people wit(vt,vi,知道n.智力，才智)the prestige of possessing a high-status symbol.By trickling down, however, the symbol eventually loses its prestige.The upper-class adopts a new style, until too ―trickled down‖ and must be replaced by another.Education was the key to upward social mobility.教育是提高社會(huì)地位的關(guān)鍵 Trickle down(尤指錢(qián)經(jīng)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)體制)由富人向貧者滴流 If the wealthy pay less tax, the benefits should trickle down to people on lower incomes.如富人減少納稅，低收入者應(yīng)該可以受惠。“滴入論，垂滴論”富者愈富應(yīng)該能惠及貧者，如提供更多工作機(jī)會(huì)。Early aviation engineers found they could increase the speed of an airplane by streamlining its shape.Compared with large aircraft, small airplanes are not as streamlined and hence are less efficient.Even though relatively costly, the diesel engine is highly efficient and needs servicing infrequently.Many a person who lives in New York thinks that life in a large city offers special advantages.Not all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground;some of it is lost through evaporation.Dogs possess hearing and smelling abilities superior to those of their owners.This very interesting novel has only one fault.I mention this fault without fear of offending the author, for obviously on writer is infallible[in’f※libl]一貫正確的 Although we are tolerant in allowing men of genius to have eccentricities of behavior, we don’t think of such behavior as necessary or advantageous.A true genius is himself ashamed of being too different and does not try to set himself apart from other people by whimsical peculiarities.Human curiosity has no stopping point.When it finds an answer to a question, it seeks an explanation for the answer.It accepts no primary principles that govern the universe;rather, it seeks something still prior in the order of nature.There are a few persons whose views of the future prospects of this project are gloomy.But they are certainly in the minority.The prevailing atmosphere is one of optimism, for many recent developments point to the workability of the project.It has always been dangerous to teach men new ideas contradictory to those generally accepted.The first men who taught that the earth is round were persecuted.The governing principle of our age is accumulation, and that which is profited is used to gain more profit.Even in the pursuit of knowledge this is so;for knowledge is sought for its own sake and employed for its own increase.The human vocal apparatus器械,裝置,設(shè)備[解器官 is equipped to produce only a certain number of sounds.A comparison of any two languages will reveal sounds that are similar.A respect for accuracy is necessary to the building of character.A child must learn to discriminate 辨別區(qū)別歧視排斥between the possibly justifiable可證明為正當(dāng)?shù)?情有可原的,無(wú)可非議的 action and the absolutely correct action.Hence, it is more essential that a child be taught mathematics than philosophy, for the former provides training in exactness of performance.A good speaker varies his speed of delivery to match the significance of his oratory演講.Slow speech is appropriate for the important ideas, but the less weighty material should be disposed of rather speedily.It is important that with variety of material there should be variety of tempo速度拍子節(jié)奏 The Origins of the Romance Languages The Romance languages of today came originally from Latin, which was the official language of the Roman Empire.As the Empire spread gradually across a great part of Europe, Latin was introduced everywhere as the official language of government and administration.Spoken Latin was consistent from one area to another in the early days of the Empire.But later, when the Empire began to fall apart, the Roman administrators began to disappear.Gradually, the Latin of each region began to develop in its own way.Separated from each other by great distances and naturally influenced by the speech of the local people, each area slowly developed its own distinctive characteristics to the point where separate languages were formed.The modern Romance languages include the national languages: Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Rumanian.Catalan, Provencal, Rhaeto-Romanic, Sardinia, and Moldavian are regional Romance languages, limited in use to smaller areas within individual countries.In every society there are norms that tell individuals how they are supposed to behave.The conflict between romantic dreams and harsh reality has been the theme of many great novels.In informal situations, we often overgeneralize from the facts.For example:‖She is never on time‖;―Advertising is only a pack of lies.‖ A little consideration shows us that in reality all-or-none, black-or-white situations are rare;reality is more accurately described in terms of finer shadings and degrees.A person can learn to operate a camera successfully without knowing much about the science of optics.By the same token, he can become a good marksman神槍手 without a knowledge of ballistics彈道學(xué).Knowledge and pleasure are inextricably interlocked.It is impossible for us to learn what we don’t enjoy, and we cannot enjoy that which does not impart learning.One consequence of wind action is that large areas are frequently ―leveled off‖, for wind tends to move loose material from higher places and deposit it in depressions沮喪;抑郁;凹,地坑.Rainwater collects in shallow depressions in the ground.雨水積聚在地上的淺坑里

As we become fatigued, it is necessary to narrow our field of attention in order to avoid decreased efficiency at a particular task.On a long automobile trip, the good driver gradually ceases to carry on a conversation.Ice erosion has played less part than has water erosion in changing the contours of the earth’s surface because the activity of ice erosion, both temporally and spatially, has been more restricted.If we are to improve the quality of this writing, we must do more than merely criticized it.We must explain why we do so.Inferior work is most effectively remedied when we know why it is poor.That night a blizzard commenced開(kāi)始, increasing in fury from moment to moment.They now found that the place chosen for the hut for shelter was more than useless.They had far better have built it in the open, for the fierce wind, instead of striking them directly, was deflected on to them in furious whirling gusts.Heavy blocks of snow and rock placed on the roof were blown away and the canvas ballooned up, tearing and straining at its securings---its disappearance could only be a matter of time.Inside the hut they waited for the roof to vanish, wondering what they could do if it went, and vainly endeavoring to make it secure.After fourteen hours it went, as they were trying to pin down one corner.The smother of snow was upon them, and they could only dive for their sleeping bags with a gasp;all were silent for a night and half a day while the wind howled on;the snow entered every chink and crevice of the sleeping bags, and the occupants shivered and wondered how it would all end.Then, when everything is lined up安排就緒, I bound out of bed跳下床 and have lunch.I find that a good, heavy lunch, with some sort of glutinous dessert, is good preparation for the day’s work as it keeps one from getting nervous and excitable.We workers must keep cool and calm, otherwise we would just throw away our time in jumping about and fidgeting.It has been said that science appeals to the intellect and art to the emotions.Is music then art or science? Perhaps it is all things to all people.Some people’s appreciation of music is purely intellectual.They listen for form and techniques of composition and execution.To them music is primarily science.A whirling body tends to fly away from the center.The heavier the body is, the greater is this tendency.This is the principle on which the cream separator works.Since the cream is heavier than skim milk脫脂奶, it is drawn off at the edges.When man’s physical needs are satisfied, his possible desires increase immeasurably.By the introduction of labor-saving devices and machinery, and thus the creation of leisure time, man is able to use his energy to want new articles and activities.Then, production can be expanded to fill wants that were previously nonexistent.Liberal education has achieved its goal if its recipients are able to distinguish between factual validity and attractive speciousness, between the frankly natural and the merely vulgar, between sentimentality and honest emotion.Any man who not only has been exposed to, but has assimilated吸收,同化 a truly liberal education, can be expected to possess an intelligent and discriminating有辨別能力的;區(qū)別對(duì)待的 mind.discriminating duties差別關(guān)稅 If a work of art is to be deemed great by successive generations, it must embody those characteristics of form which all mankind recognizes as the most harmonious.deem:認(rèn)為,相信 deem highly of對(duì)…給予高度評(píng)價(jià) embody:體現(xiàn);使具體化;包含,收錄 The new edition embodies many improvements.One of the most distinctive marks of our way of life is our moral interpretation of success and failure.We insist upon seeing a direct relationship between what we do and what we get.Success, to us, is the desert of those who attain it rather than a matter of birthright生來(lái)就有的權(quán)力,長(zhǎng)子繼承權(quán);failure is the penalty for falling below the ethical standard.We have equated success with virtue.desert :.功過(guò),應(yīng)得的賞罰;美德 obtain one’s deserts得到應(yīng)有的賞罰 Are artists more creative than other people? Maybe, maybe not.The profession of an artist is not the only one that requires creativity.Scientists, mathematicians, writers, teachers, business executives, doctors, lawyers, librarians, computer programmers---people in every line of work, if they are any good, look for ways to be creative.The football coach who invents a new play is being creative, as is the plumber who devises設(shè)計(jì),發(fā)明 an innovative way to prevent the washing machine from leaking.Artists occupy a special place in that 既然,因?yàn)閠hey have devoted their lives to opening the channels of visual creativity.The Aims of Education Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and humane feeling.Scraps of information have nothing to do with it.A merely well-informed man is the most useless bore令人討厭的人 on God’s earth.What we should aim at producing is men who possess both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction.Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start from, and their culture will lead them as deep as philosophy and as high as art.We have to remember that the valuable intellectual development is self-development, and that it mostly takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty.As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve.As saying due to Archbishop Temple illustrates my meaning.Surprise was expressed at the success in after-life of a man, who as a boy a Rugby had been somewhat undistinguished.He answered, ―It is not what they are at eighteen, it is what they become afterwards that matters.‖

In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must beware of what I will call ―inert ideas‖—that is to say, ideas that are merely received into the mind without being utilized, or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations.In the history of education, the most striking phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a ferment of genius, in a succeeding generation exhibit merely pedantry賣(mài)弄學(xué)問(wèn)迂腐 and routine.Although the early legends are not statements of fact, they are of very great value to the world as being illustrative of the spirit, the manners and customs, the religious beliefs, and other characteristics of the race from which they originated.The value of folklore is not to be measured by its fidelity to literal facts.Roots of Freedom Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere.Egypt, Babylon, Nineveh, were all tyrannies, one immensely powerful man ruling over helpless masses, and a time came when the Athenians were led by a great man who did not want to be powerful.Absolute obedience to the ruler was what the leaders of the empires insisted on.Athens said no, there must never be absolute obedience to a man except in war.There must be willing obedience to what is good for all.Pericles, the great Athenian statesman, said :‖ We are a free government, but we obey the laws, more especially those which protect the oppressed, and the unwritten laws which, if broken bring shame.‖ Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together.They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be intolerable except to a hermit隱士 in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted.A man was free if he was self-controlled.To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom.They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair.Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was imposed on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety.The creed of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.This was the conception that underlay the lofty reach of Greek genius.

第二篇：知識(shí)積累

知識(shí)積累：

探究實(shí)驗(yàn)試題：聯(lián)系所學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)和技能，進(jìn)行知識(shí)的類(lèi)比、遷移、重組，全面細(xì)致的思考才能正確作答。

一、探究性實(shí)驗(yàn)的一般思路

提出假設(shè)---------實(shí)驗(yàn)探究-----得出結(jié)論

1、準(zhǔn)確地把握實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?/p>

2、利用已學(xué)知識(shí)，分析如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目的-----實(shí)驗(yàn)原理

3、結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)材料，初步確定涉及對(duì)策---實(shí)驗(yàn)方案

1、對(duì)未知產(chǎn)物的探究

某課外興趣小組為了探究鐵與硫在隔絕空氣的條件下反應(yīng)所得固體M的成分，設(shè)計(jì)了如右圖裝置。傾斜A使稀硫酸(足量)與固體M充分反應(yīng)，待反應(yīng)停止后，B裝置增重，C裝置中溶液無(wú)變化，反應(yīng)后進(jìn)入量氣管氣體的體積為VmL（已折算成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況）

由上述實(shí)驗(yàn)事實(shí)可知：

（1）①固體M中一定有的物質(zhì)是______________(填化學(xué)式)理由是_______________ ②其中一種物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量可以確定為_(kāi)__________g(用代數(shù)式表示)。（2)B裝置的名稱(chēng)是________。

寫(xiě)出B裝置中反應(yīng)的離子方程式_______________________________________。

（3)C裝置的作用是_________________________，如果實(shí)驗(yàn)中沒(méi)有B裝置，則C裝置中產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)象是_________________________________________。（4)稀硫酸和固體M反應(yīng)后溶液中還殘留淡黃色固體，該固體是_____________,要分離出該固體，在實(shí)驗(yàn)操作中，除燒杯外還需要用到的玻璃儀器是_____________。

（5）通過(guò)進(jìn)一步實(shí)驗(yàn)，測(cè)得固體M中各種成分的質(zhì)量之和小于反應(yīng)前鐵粉和硫粉的質(zhì)量之和，產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因可能是_____________

a．M中有未反應(yīng)的鐵和硫

b．測(cè)定氣體體積時(shí)水準(zhǔn)管的水面高于量氣管的水面

c．A中留有反應(yīng)生成的氣體

d．氣體進(jìn)入D裝置前未用濃硫酸干燥

參考答案：(1)①FeS、Fe B裝置增重、量氣管有氣體。②

V/11200

(2)洗氣瓶

2OH-+H2S → 2H2O+S2--

(3)證明H2S已被完全吸收黑色沉淀

(4)硫漏斗、玻璃棒（5）b、C

【反思】通過(guò)化學(xué)反應(yīng)原理猜測(cè)可能生成哪些物質(zhì)，對(duì)這些物質(zhì)的檢驗(yàn)來(lái)推測(cè)出究竟含有哪些物質(zhì)。雖然探究性實(shí)驗(yàn)主要考察學(xué)生的探究能力，但在問(wèn)題的設(shè)置上常常半酣了對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查。

第三篇：知識(shí)積累

知識(shí)積累

一、拼一拼，寫(xiě)一寫(xiě)。

yè mù jiàng lín nǔ lì hǎi zǎo xuán guà

()()()()gū jì nián líng céng jīng yí dàn()()()()

二、比一比，組詞語(yǔ)。

暮（）散（）澡（）項(xiàng)（）幕（）撒（）藻（）頂（）

三、想一想，填一填。

（）的夜空（）的月光（）的景色（）的遐想（）的陽(yáng)光（）的水藻（）的天空（）的月球（）的努力

四、照樣子寫(xiě)詞語(yǔ)。

黑沉沉 靜悄悄（）（）（）（）

五、把下列詩(shī)句補(bǔ)充完整。

1、（），呼作白玉盤(pán)。

2、月來(lái)滿地水，（）。

3、（），月是故鄉(xiāng)明。

4、（），江靜碧云天。

六、仔細(xì)閱讀課文，回答問(wèn)題。

課文列舉了幾個(gè)月球的不解之謎，想一想，你能找出來(lái)嗎？

七、根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)。

1、月球上滿是塵土、巖石和環(huán)形山。（）

2、人類(lèi)已經(jīng)登上過(guò)月球。（）

3、月球表面全是水。（）

4、研究結(jié)果表明，月球上不可能出現(xiàn)過(guò)火山活動(dòng)。（）發(fā)展練習(xí)快樂(lè)閱讀

棗 樹(shù)

春天來(lái)了，楊樹(shù)、柳樹(shù)都發(fā)芽了，惟獨(dú)棗樹(shù)在懶懶地睡懶覺(jué)。它一不出葉，二不開(kāi)花，樹(shù)干上爬滿了密密的皺紋，像老人的臉；長(zhǎng)滿了小黑疙瘩的枝枝杈杈，靜靜地伸向天空。它默默無(wú)聞，長(zhǎng)得一點(diǎn)兒也不起眼。

一直到四月，不幾天就抽出了幾片葉，那淡黃色的葉子在陽(yáng)光下一閃一閃的，真是新鮮可愛(ài)。

接著棗樹(shù)開(kāi)花了，六個(gè)尖尖的花瓣，像是金黃的六角小星星。它能混在樹(shù)葉中，散發(fā)出一陣陣清香，招來(lái)了許多蜜蜂。聽(tīng)大人說(shuō)，棗花蜜還是上等蜜呢。

棗花一落，就長(zhǎng)出棗來(lái)了，綠色的，像一粒糖豆豆，不太好吃。這小青棗，長(zhǎng)得慢極了，老也不變紅。

到了秋天，棗長(zhǎng)大了，像麻雀蛋圓滾滾的，也變紅了，像小瑪瑙球，紅亮亮的。遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)望去，綠葉中綴滿了一只只小“紅燈籠”，真美呀！那脆生生的紅棗一吃到嘴里，立刻就有一股甜味往嗓子眼里鉆，把嗓子都刺癢了。

??！棗樹(shù)，春天到來(lái)時(shí)，你不像楊樹(shù)、柳樹(shù)那樣的早早的就換了綠稠袍，爭(zhēng)著比漂亮。但到了秋天，你卻獻(xiàn)給人類(lèi)脆甜的果實(shí)。這種高尚的品質(zhì)，真值得贊頌?。?/p>

積 累

1、多音字組詞

zuàn()zhǎng()鉆 長(zhǎng)

zuān()cháng()

2、找出短文中一個(gè)比喻句抄寫(xiě)下來(lái)。

3、聯(lián)系上下文理解詞語(yǔ)的意思。默默無(wú)聞：

贊頌： 感 悟

4、根據(jù)理解完成

短文是按照棗樹(shù)的生長(zhǎng)順序?qū)懙模葘?xiě)了棗樹(shù)的（），接著寫(xiě)了棗樹(shù)的（）。又寫(xiě)了棗樹(shù)的（），最后寫(xiě)了棗樹(shù)的（）。和（）、（）對(duì)比，贊美了棗樹(shù)的高尚品質(zhì)。

5、讀了這篇短文，你有什么收獲？

能力拓展

你還知道關(guān)于月球的其他知識(shí)嗎？收集一下，與同學(xué)互相交流。

第四篇：知識(shí)積累

1、別總是在壓力下工作，累壞了自己，特傻！

2、別忘了身體是一切，沒(méi)有了健康，無(wú)法享用人生所有的樂(lè)趣，特虧！

3、別以為能救命的是醫(yī)生，其實(shí)是你自己，養(yǎng)生重于救命，特對(duì)！

4、別以為付出就有回報(bào)，凡事只有不計(jì)回報(bào)，才能終有好報(bào)，特靈！

5、別忽視了與你有緣者，等繁華落盡，你才明白知音難覓，特悔！

順其自然的工作吧！慢慢享受生活，快樂(lè)享受人生每一天！

大家注意了，新騙局來(lái)了，如果你接到任何一個(gè)電話（包括10086或10010），說(shuō)是在檢查你的線路，并要求你按＃鍵或其它任何按鍵，請(qǐng)不要按那些鍵并馬上結(jié)束通話。那是一家詐騙公司，他們的機(jī)器能在你按下任意鍵后，連接到你的SIM卡并用你的話費(fèi)打電話。把這條信息發(fā)給盡可能多的好朋友，阻止這項(xiàng)詐騙。中央電視臺(tái)《焦點(diǎn)訪談》已經(jīng)播出，如果愿意，把這條信息發(fā)到你知道的群

交管局緊急通知：

因93號(hào)汽油上漲至8元一升，車(chē)流量下降，但行人流量增加，交通壓力增大。為此，從5月1日起實(shí)行路人限行。單眼皮單日出行，雙眼皮雙日出行，一單一雙夜間出行，戴墨鏡出行者按故意遮擋號(hào)牌處理，對(duì)盲人出行者按無(wú)牌號(hào)處理，對(duì)割雙眼皮出行者按套牌處理，請(qǐng)大家相互轉(zhuǎn)告。

小強(qiáng)與小明>>——正在瘋傳的故事

1.小強(qiáng)每天在村里晃悠，爹媽看著發(fā)愁，心想這孩子將來(lái)怎么辦呀；小明每日都苦讀詩(shī)書(shū)，父母喜在心里，村里人都認(rèn)定他必有出息。

2.那年，小強(qiáng)和小明都是十九歲，小強(qiáng)跟著村里的外出打工，來(lái)到了高速公路的工地，保底工資三千塊；小明考上了一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)，讀的是道路與橋梁專(zhuān)業(yè)，學(xué)費(fèi)每年五千多。

3.那年，小強(qiáng)和小明都是二十三歲，小強(qiáng)的爹媽給他說(shuō)個(gè)巧媳婦，是鄰村的，特別賢惠；小明在大學(xué)里談了個(gè)女朋友，是鄰校的，很有文化。

4.那年，小強(qiáng)和小明都是二十四歲，小強(qiáng)在老家結(jié)了婚，把媳婦帶到工地上，來(lái)給他洗衣做飯，恩愛(ài)有加；小明終于大學(xué)畢業(yè)，找了施工單位工作，跟女友分居兩地，朝思暮想。

5.小強(qiáng)每天很快樂(lè)，下了班就沒(méi)事，吃了飯和媳婦散散步，晚上便和工友打麻將看電視；小明每天很忙碌，白天跑遍工地，晚上還做資料畫(huà)圖紙，好久不見(jiàn)的女友跟他分手了。

6.那年，小強(qiáng)和小明都是二十八歲，小強(qiáng)攢下了二十萬(wàn)，已是兩個(gè)娃娃的爹，心想著回家蓋棟漂亮的樓房；小明過(guò)了中級(jí)職稱(chēng)，還是單身一個(gè)人過(guò)，心想著再干幾年就是高級(jí)了；

7.小強(qiáng)在農(nóng)村老家蓋了兩層小樓，裝修很漂亮，剩的錢(qián)買(mǎi)了一群豬仔，讓媳婦回家種地養(yǎng)豬；小明在城里貸款買(mǎi)了一套新房，按揭三千多，父母給介紹了新女朋友，在城里上班很少見(jiàn)面。

8.那年，小強(qiáng)和小明都是三十一歲，小強(qiáng)媳婦從老家打電話來(lái)說(shuō)：小強(qiáng)，現(xiàn)在家里有房有存款，咱喂喂豬，種種地，很幸福了，家里不能沒(méi)有男人，你快回來(lái)吧；小明媳婦從城里打電話來(lái)說(shuō)：小明，小孩的借讀費(fèi)要十五萬(wàn)呢，家里沒(méi)有存款了，你看能不能找公司借點(diǎn)。

9.小強(qiáng)聽(tīng)了媳婦的話，離開(kāi)了工地，回老家跟老婆一起養(yǎng)豬，照顧父母小孩；小明聽(tīng)了妻子的話，更努力工作，去了偏遠(yuǎn)又艱苦的工地，很難回家一次。10.那年，小強(qiáng)和小明都是三十五歲，豬肉價(jià)格瘋漲，小強(qiáng)的一大圈豬成了寶貝，一年賺了十幾萬(wàn)；通貨膨脹嚴(yán)重，小明的公司很難接到項(xiàng)目，很多人都待崗了；

11.那年，小強(qiáng)和小明都是五十歲了，小強(qiáng)已是三個(gè)孫子的爺爺，天天曬著太陽(yáng)抽著旱煙在村里轉(zhuǎn)悠；小明已是高級(jí)路橋工程師，天天頂著太陽(yáng)皺著眉頭在工地檢查；

12.那年，小強(qiáng)和小明都是六十歲了，小強(qiáng)過(guò)六十大壽，老伴說(shuō)：一家團(tuán)圓多好呀，家里的事就讓娃們操心吧，外面有啥好玩的地方咱出去轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)；小明退休擺酒席，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說(shuō)：回家歇著沒(méi)意思，返聘回單位做技術(shù)顧問(wèn)吧，工地上有什么問(wèn)題您給指導(dǎo)指導(dǎo)；

13.小強(qiáng)病了一場(chǎng)，小強(qiáng)拉著老伴的手說(shuō)：我活了快七十歲了，有兒有孫的，知足了；小明病了一場(chǎng)，小明撫著妻子的手說(shuō)：我在外工作幾十年，讓你受苦了，對(duì)不起；

14.……由于長(zhǎng)期體力勞動(dòng)，吃的是自家種的菜、養(yǎng)的豬，小強(qiáng)身體一直很硬朗，慢慢就恢復(fù)了。由于長(zhǎng)期熬夜加 班、小明喝酒應(yīng)酬、工地食堂飯菜也很差，身上落下很多毛病，很快就去世了。

15.八十歲的小強(qiáng)蹲在村頭抽著旱煙袋，看著遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的山；遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的山上有一片公墓，小明已在那里靜靜睡去；小強(qiáng)在鞋底磕磕煙灰，拄著拐杖站起身，望了望那片公墓，自言自語(yǔ)地說(shuō)：唉，都是一輩子呀…

謹(jǐn)以此文獻(xiàn)給工作在城市，付出了青春、愛(ài)情、親情甚至生命的人。

人的一生很短暫，希望大家給自己多一些時(shí)間，給家人多一些關(guān)愛(ài)!

1、象棋：中國(guó)政治象征，一切為了保帥。2.麻將：中國(guó)國(guó)民象征，互相算計(jì)，只為自己成功。3.圍棋：中國(guó)思維象征，一切都是非白即黑。4.軍棋：中國(guó)官場(chǎng)的象征，官大一級(jí)壓死人。5.雜技：中國(guó)現(xiàn)狀的象征，折騰來(lái)折騰去其實(shí)都是為了維穩(wěn)。6.武術(shù)：中國(guó)軍事的象征，架式嚇人，近期沒(méi)見(jiàn)制服過(guò)誰(shuí)

出生一張紙，開(kāi)始一輩子； 畢業(yè)一張紙，奮斗一輩子； 婚姻一張紙，折磨一輩子； 做官一張紙，斗爭(zhēng)一輩子； 金錢(qián)一張紙，辛苦一輩子； 榮譽(yù)一張紙，虛名一輩子； 看病一張紙，痛苦一輩子； 悼詞一張紙，了結(jié)一輩子； 淡化這些紙，明白一輩子； 忘了這些紙，快樂(lè)一輩子!

當(dāng)大部分人都在關(guān)注你飛得高不高時(shí)，只有少部分人關(guān)心你飛得累不累，這就是--友情。再忙，也要照顧好自己，朋友雖不常聯(lián)系，卻一直惦念。天涼時(shí)記著多穿衣！世界好友周快樂(lè)！!

少喝奶茶、不吃剛烤好的面包，遠(yuǎn)離正在充電的電源。白天多喝水，晚上少喝，一天不喝多于兩杯的咖啡。少吃油多的食物，最佳睡眠為晚上十點(diǎn)至早上六點(diǎn) 晚上五點(diǎn)后少吃大餐，每天喝酒不超過(guò)一杯。不用冷水服膠囊，睡前半小時(shí)服藥忌立刻躺下。睡眠不足八小時(shí)人會(huì)變笨，有午睡習(xí)慣的人不易老。手機(jī)電池剩一格時(shí)不要打電話，剩一格時(shí)輻射是平時(shí)的一千倍!要用左耳接電話，用右耳會(huì)直接傷害到大腦。

2012新概念--一個(gè)中心： 一切以健康為中心。

兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)： 遇事瀟灑一點(diǎn)，看世胡涂一點(diǎn)。

三個(gè)忘記： 忘記年齡，忘記過(guò)去，忘記恩怨。

四個(gè)擁有： 無(wú)論你有多弱或多強(qiáng)，一定要 擁有真正愛(ài)你的人，擁有知心的朋友，擁有向上的事業(yè)，擁有溫暖的住所。

五個(gè)要： 要唱，要跳，要俏，要笑，要苗條。

六個(gè)不能： 不能餓了才吃，不能渴了才喝，不能困了才睡，不能累了才歇，不能病了才檢查，不能老了再后悔?？赐炅?.，發(fā)給每一個(gè)你珍惜的朋友

對(duì)付汽油漲價(jià)的最佳方案： 增加輪胎氣壓，減少摩擦。清理后背箱，能放回家的就拿走，沒(méi)用的扔掉，減輕負(fù)重。3 少去城里。盡可能避開(kāi)高峰堵車(chē)時(shí)間，寧可多繞路也少堵著。5 萬(wàn)一遇到堵車(chē)嚴(yán)重，可以考慮熄火等候。下班和出門(mén)盡可能少帶同事順道（看見(jiàn)裝沒(méi)看見(jiàn)）。絕對(duì)禁止?jié)M載，少裝一個(gè)是一個(gè)：帶媳婦時(shí)不帶姑娘，帶姑娘時(shí)不帶老婆。8 少穿衣服，鞋子要選輕薄短小的：光穿襯衫別穿背心。9 上車(chē)前先上好廁所，最好連屁都給放了 盡量不要在吃完飯就開(kāi)車(chē)，特別是幾個(gè)人都吃飽了坐你的車(chē) 11 不要在車(chē)?yán)锓胚^(guò)多妝飾品 12 加油不要加滿，減少負(fù)重 盡可能不開(kāi)空調(diào)，開(kāi)窗通風(fēng)健康又節(jié)油 14 車(chē)速控制在60－90最為經(jīng)濟(jì) 15 車(chē)?yán)锊灰潘?，多?加油要在晚上加，越晚越好！氣溫低，油加的多 17 開(kāi)車(chē)少急加速，杜絕飚車(chē)，并減少并線次數(shù) 18 適當(dāng)空擋和帶檔溜車(chē) 不養(yǎng)寵物，養(yǎng)了也不用車(chē)帶出去 出門(mén)辦事外出fb，盡可能坐公家的車(chē)，坐不上公家的就坐別人家的車(chē) 21 跟車(chē)保持距離，找比自己大一號(hào)的車(chē)跟著，能減少氣流阻力 22 加強(qiáng)對(duì)油價(jià)的預(yù)警神經(jīng)，隔三差五的囤積點(diǎn)油票 23 多注意紅綠燈，早作準(zhǔn)備，寧可等也不搶 開(kāi)車(chē)的時(shí)候不要聽(tīng)cd和收音機(jī)，電也是油啊,cd壞了更好，不要修了 25 車(chē)燈能不開(kāi)就不開(kāi)，能晚開(kāi)就晚開(kāi)，能借別人的光就借光 26 不用點(diǎn)煙器，費(fèi)電 不要換寬胎，換了的再換回來(lái)

終極辦法： 把車(chē)賣(mài)掉！

第五篇：知識(shí)積累

角度不整合

unconformity 當(dāng)下伏地層形成以后，由于受到地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生褶皺、斷裂、彎曲作用、巖漿侵入等造成地殼上升，遭受風(fēng)華剝蝕。當(dāng)?shù)貧ぴ俅蜗鲁两邮艹练e后，形成上覆的新時(shí)代地層。上覆新地層和下伏老地層產(chǎn)狀完全不同，其間有明顯的地層缺失和風(fēng)化剝蝕現(xiàn)象。這種接觸關(guān)系叫不整合接觸或角度不整合。

這種接觸關(guān)系的特征是：上、下兩套地層的產(chǎn)狀不一致以一定的角度相交；兩套地層的時(shí)代不連續(xù)，兩者之間有代表長(zhǎng)期風(fēng)化剝蝕與沉積間斷的剝蝕面存在。

形成過(guò)程：①在地殼穩(wěn)定下降或升降運(yùn)動(dòng)不顯著的情況下，在沉積盆地中形成一定厚度的原始水平沉積巖層； ②地殼發(fā)生水平擠壓運(yùn)動(dòng)，使巖層產(chǎn)生褶皺、斷裂等變形，巖層伴隨著水平方向上縮短的同時(shí)，在垂直方向上則不斷上升，并到達(dá)陸上的一定高度或成為山地，在此過(guò)程中還可能伴有巖漿作用與變質(zhì)作用發(fā)生； ③在陸上環(huán)境下，變形的地層遭受長(zhǎng)期的風(fēng)化剝蝕，形成凹凸不平的剝蝕面，同時(shí)在剝蝕面上形成古風(fēng)化殼、殘積礦產(chǎn)等； ④地殼重新下降到水下沉積環(huán)境，在剝蝕面上又形成了新的原始水平沉積巖層（其底部常有底礫巖），新形成的地層與不整合面大致平行，但與不整合面以下的地層以一定的角度相交。所以，角度不整合反映了一次顯著的水平擠壓運(yùn)動(dòng)及伴隨的升降運(yùn)動(dòng)。

平行不整合

在沉積過(guò)程中，地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)使沉積區(qū)上升，受到剝蝕，沉積作用間斷，后來(lái)又下沉接受沉積，故其間缺失部分地層。因上、下兩套地層相互平行，其間存在一個(gè)假整合面。這種接觸關(guān)系稱(chēng)為假整合或平行不整合。又稱(chēng)假整合。

特點(diǎn)：其特點(diǎn)是上、下兩套地層的產(chǎn)狀基本保持平行，但兩套地層的時(shí)代不連續(xù)，其間有反映長(zhǎng)期沉積間斷和風(fēng)化剝蝕的剝蝕面存在。平行不整合的形成過(guò)程是：①在地殼穩(wěn)定下降或升降運(yùn)動(dòng)不顯著的情況下，在一定的沉積環(huán)境中沉積了一套或多套沉積巖層；②地殼發(fā)生顯著上升，原來(lái)的沉積環(huán)境變?yōu)殛懮蟿兾g環(huán)境，經(jīng)長(zhǎng)期的風(fēng)化剝蝕后，地面上形成了凹凸不平的剝蝕面，剝蝕面上分布有古風(fēng)化殼及鋁土礦、褐鐵礦等風(fēng)化殘積礦產(chǎn)；③地殼重新下降到水面以下接受沉積，形成新的上覆沉積巖層（其底部由于開(kāi)始沉積的地形差異較大而常形成底礫巖），由于地殼基本上是整體上升和下降的，故上、下兩套地層的產(chǎn)狀基本保持平行。所以，平行不整合的出現(xiàn)，反映了地殼的一次顯著的升降運(yùn)動(dòng)。