第一篇：英語(yǔ)句型結(jié)構(gòu)和從句講解

首先還是講一下句子結(jié)構(gòu)吧,了解了這個(gè)對(duì)分析長(zhǎng)難句很有幫助,以前高考前老師也是這么教我們的,還有熟悉了這個(gè)你寫作文會(huì)比較好用從句,檢查的時(shí)候也比較容易發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤 英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)跟中文的有點(diǎn)像,主要有主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)

一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單的句子至少有主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)這兩部分 例如 I believe.(I是主語(yǔ) believe是謂語(yǔ))還有主系表（主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)，系動(dòng)詞是特殊的謂語(yǔ)啦，就是be的各種形態(tài) am are is was were那些再加上感官動(dòng)詞 smells looks sounds這類的）

例如It sounds good.這類的 還有 It is nice.這里的nice 跟 good 都是表語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)都是跟在系動(dòng)詞后面的 不過(guò)我個(gè)人認(rèn)為表語(yǔ)這個(gè)理解了就行 沒(méi)有多大用處 純粹是科普下 百度了一下五個(gè)基本句型: Ⅰ.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞(SV)

Everybody laughed.大家都笑了。

Ⅱ.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(SVC)

His eyes are blue.他的眼睛是藍(lán)色的。

Ⅲ.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(SVO)

I love apples.我喜歡蘋果。

Ⅳ.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)(SVOO)

I gave him my address.我告訴他我的地址。

Ⅴ.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(SVOC)

I found the box empty.我發(fā)現(xiàn)盒子是空的。

然后句子復(fù)雜點(diǎn)的話 就多了定、狀、補(bǔ)（不一定三個(gè)都有的，可以根據(jù)情況加一個(gè)兩個(gè)或者三個(gè)都加）

定語(yǔ)通常都是修飾名詞的,所以主要是形容詞,但也不一定,還可以是名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式等

例如: She is a student in No.7 Middle School.黃底部分就是定語(yǔ),修飾 student 狀語(yǔ),顧名思義就是表示一個(gè)狀態(tài), 說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等,一般是由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)

例如: She speaks English very well.very是程度副詞，用來(lái)修飾well。very well是修飾speak的程度狀語(yǔ)。

She left ten minutes ago.Ten minutes ago就是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

補(bǔ)語(yǔ)主要是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 就是常說(shuō)的賓補(bǔ) 這個(gè)全靠個(gè)人領(lǐng)會(huì),我不會(huì)解釋 例如She helps me to learn English.She made me angry.所謂的從句就是在這部分上用一個(gè)句子來(lái)表達(dá)的,我是這么理解的,對(duì)不對(duì)我就不知道了 下面那些主要百度,部分手打補(bǔ)充

1.主語(yǔ)從句

1）主語(yǔ)從句可直接位于主語(yǔ)的位置，如果從句較長(zhǎng)，謂語(yǔ)又較短，可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將從句放在句末。常見(jiàn)的句型有：

*It is a facta pitya questiongood news that...*It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that...*It is clearimportantlikelypossible that...*It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that...It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.It seems that the performance is very useful.2)what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示“...的東西時(shí)”，一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。

What we lack is experience.3)what, who, when, why, whether等詞含有各自的疑問(wèn)意義，但它們引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，都用陳述語(yǔ)序。

How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.I did know why I felt like crying.(黃底那部分就是從句的部分,就是把主語(yǔ)那部分用一個(gè)句子表示)

2.賓語(yǔ)從句

1）賓語(yǔ)從句可位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞和某些形容詞后。連詞that?？墒÷?。介詞后一般接疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。in that(因?yàn)?,except that(除了),but that(只是）已構(gòu)成固定搭配，其他介詞后一般不接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。*I promised that I would change the situation.*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.2)賓語(yǔ)從句后如有賓補(bǔ)，要用形式賓語(yǔ)it來(lái)代替，而把賓語(yǔ)從句移至賓補(bǔ)之后。

He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.3)在think, believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，如果謂語(yǔ)是否定的，一般將否定詞移至主句謂語(yǔ)上，賓語(yǔ)從句則變成肯定形式。

He didn't think that the money was well spent.(其實(shí)我覺(jué)得這個(gè)原理跟主語(yǔ)從句差不多,就是一個(gè)是主語(yǔ)用句子來(lái)說(shuō)一個(gè)是賓語(yǔ)用句子來(lái)表達(dá))

3.表語(yǔ)從句

表語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”的句子中。表語(yǔ)從句除可用that, what, when, why, whether, how等引導(dǎo)外，還可由because, as if(though/although)等引導(dǎo)。that常可省略。如主句主語(yǔ)為reason,只能用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，不可用because.Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.4.同位語(yǔ)從句

同位語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)前面出現(xiàn)的名詞作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，一般用連詞that引導(dǎo)，由于先行名詞的意義不同，也可用whether, who, when, where, what, why, how等引導(dǎo)。常見(jiàn)的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時(shí)由于謂語(yǔ)較短，將同位語(yǔ)從句位于謂語(yǔ)之后。

She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.The fact that the earth is round is true.(that the earth is round解釋說(shuō)明the fact)

5.定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是一個(gè)句子。定語(yǔ)從句通常位于先行詞之后，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。

*限制性定語(yǔ)從句

限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用，緊接先行詞之后，無(wú)逗號(hào)，若省去，原句意思不完整。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that等。who, whom, whose用于指人，whose有時(shí)也可指物，相當(dāng)于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。關(guān)系代詞除了引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，替代先行詞外，還在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。

The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.(兩個(gè)都是修飾those)

The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.1)當(dāng)先行詞是all ,anything ,everything, something, nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first ,last, any, few, much, some, no, only以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句。

That is all that I've heard from him.He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.2)關(guān)系代詞的省略

在從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞?？墒÷浴ｊP(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞，作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用that，只可用which或whom引導(dǎo)從句，并且不可省略，但當(dāng)介詞位于賓語(yǔ)從句句末時(shí)，作為介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞仍可用that，也可省略。

This is one of those things with which we have to put up.This is one of those things(whichthat)we have to put up with.3)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why等。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。

Even in comic books where(=in which)there are no words;the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.No one knows the reason why(=for which)he was so angry that day.*非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可修飾先行詞，也可修飾整個(gè)主句，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，與主句之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，若省去，原句意思不受影響。不可用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系詞不可省略。

Every object has a gravitational pull, which is rather like magnetism.*“介詞+whichwhomwhose”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

“介詞+whichwhomwhose”可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇取決于從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配，或先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配。

This is the computer on which he spent all his savings

It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.*as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，代替整個(gè)主句，從句可位于主句之前、之后或中間。

These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行詞problems)

As is mentioned above, no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主語(yǔ))

6.狀語(yǔ)從句

*時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞和詞組有：

1）when, whenever, while, as, after, before, since, till, until, once等。

We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.2)as soon as, hardly(scarcely)...when, no sooner...than, each(every)time, the moment, immediately(that)等。

As soon as I sent an e-mail message, I received positive responses.The moment he heard the good news, he jumped with joy.*地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞是where, wherever.Wherever she went, she took her little daughter with her.*原因、結(jié)果和目的狀語(yǔ)從句 1）引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：because, as, since, now(that), seeing that, considering that ,in that等。

Considering that he is a freshman, we must say he is doing well.2)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：so...that, such...that, so that, that,so等。

Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.3)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：so that, in order that, for fear that, lest等，從句常使用may, might, can, could, would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.*條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

1）引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞和詞組有if, unless, as(so)long as, on condition that, in case, provided(providing)that, supposing等。

As long as you have the right equipment, you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.2)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞和詞組有though, although, whether, even though, even if, no matter what(when, how...),whatever(whenever, wherever, however....)等。though, even if等引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成含有as的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，具有強(qiáng)調(diào)意義。其結(jié)構(gòu)為“形容詞（副詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞）+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”。

No matter what you may say, I would not change my mind.Young as he is, he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)(這個(gè)是倒裝句,如果展開(kāi)說(shuō)又是長(zhǎng)篇大論,你要學(xué)再慢慢說(shuō)哈,不過(guò)寫作文用個(gè)倒裝句一下子又升level了 倒裝句還有虛擬語(yǔ)氣好加分的)Child as he is, he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)

*方式狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有as, just as, as if, as though等。as if, as though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反。

The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

第二篇：英語(yǔ)句型結(jié)構(gòu)

英語(yǔ)句型大全手冊(cè)－詳盡版 1.疑問(wèn)句型 what is this? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：what＋be 動(dòng)詞＋this（that?）？

答句：this（that?）＋be 動(dòng)詞＋a book（pen?）。

說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“這（那）是什么？這（那）是書(shū)（鋼筆?）”。what（什么）叫做“疑問(wèn)詞”，用于詢問(wèn)“事物”，通常放在句首，后接 be <動(dòng)詞>，再接<主詞>，第一個(gè)字母 w要大寫，句尾要加問(wèn)號(hào)(?)，位置不可排錯(cuò)。

what is this? this is a chair.這是什么？這是一張椅子。what’s this? it’s a book.這是什么？它是一本書(shū)。

what is that? that is a desk.那是什么？那是一張書(shū)桌。what are these? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：what are＋these／those?？

答句：these／those are＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞（＋s／es）。

說(shuō)明︰<主詞>與<動(dòng)詞>的形式要一致，is 后面接單數(shù)<名詞>，are 后面要接復(fù)數(shù)<名詞>。what are these? these are books.這些是什么？這些是書(shū)。what are those? those are cups.那些是什么？那些是茶杯。what are they? they are glasses.它們是什么？它們是玻璃杯。what are you? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：what＋be 動(dòng)詞＋主詞（人）?？

答句：主詞＋be 動(dòng)詞＋a student?。

說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“你是做什么事情的？我是學(xué)生?”。疑問(wèn)詞 what 除了詢問(wèn)事物之外，還可用于詢問(wèn)“人的職業(yè)或身分”。be <動(dòng)詞>隨<人稱代名詞>的變化而改變形態(tài)，如：i am，we are，you are，he is?。what are you? i am a student.你是做什么事情的？我是一名學(xué)生。

what is she? she is a teacher.她是做什么事情的？她是一名教師。are you a...? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：be 動(dòng)詞（am，are，is）＋主詞＋?？

肯定簡(jiǎn)答：yes，主詞＋am（are，is）。

否定簡(jiǎn)答：no，主詞＋am（are，is）not。

說(shuō)明︰在否定<簡(jiǎn)答句>中，<主詞>和 am，is，are 可以縮寫；在肯定<簡(jiǎn)答句>中則不可。is he a student? yes, he is.(no, he isn’t.)他是學(xué)生嗎？是的，他是。（不，他不是。）are you a teacher? yes, i am.(no, i’m not.)你是教師嗎？是的，我是。（不，我不是。）is that a clock? yes, it is.(no, it isn’t.)那是鐘表嗎？是的，它是。（不，它不是。）what is your name? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：what＋is＋所有格＋name? 答句：所有格＋name＋is＋名字。

說(shuō)明︰“my，your，his，her”為單數(shù)人稱的<所有格>；<所有格>后面必接<名詞>，即“<所有格>＋<名詞>”；<所有格>不可與 a，an，this，that，these 或 those 緊接一起使用。

what is your name? my name is sue.妳叫什么名字？我的名字叫蘇。what is his name? his name is john.他叫什么名字？他的名字叫約翰。what is her name? her name is jean.她叫什么名字？她的名字叫珍。who is that...? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：who＋be 動(dòng)詞＋that＋形容詞＋名詞？

答句：that is＋名字。

說(shuō)明︰who 是<疑問(wèn)代名詞>，詢問(wèn)人的“姓名”或“關(guān)系”；將<形容詞>直接放在<名詞>前面，叫做“前位修飾”。who is that short boy? that is bill.那位矮男孩是誰(shuí)？那位是比爾。

who is that tall girl? that is mary.那位高女孩是誰(shuí)？那位是瑪麗。who is that fat man? he is my uncle.那位胖男子是誰(shuí)？那位是我叔叔。where is...? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：where＋be 動(dòng)詞（am，are，is）＋主詞?？

答句：主詞＋be 動(dòng)詞＋in the＋名詞?。

說(shuō)明︰問(wèn)句是“where...?”，簡(jiǎn)答時(shí)可用<副詞詞組>“in／on the＋<名詞>”。where is sue? she is in her room.蘇在那里？她在她的房間里。where are your books? on the desk.你的書(shū)在那里？在書(shū)桌上。

where is your mother? she is in the kitchen.你媽嗎在哪里？她在廚房里。are you v-ing...? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰am（are，is）＋主詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞?？

說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“<主詞>（人，物）正在?嗎？”。這一<句型>轉(zhuǎn)換的三要素是：be <動(dòng)詞>移到句首；改為大寫；句尾用問(wèn)號(hào)。is mary sleeping?瑪麗正在睡覺(jué)嗎？ are you reading a book?你正在看書(shū)嗎？ is the dog playing?小狗正在玩耍嗎？ what are you doing? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：what＋am（are，is）＋主詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞？

答句：主詞＋am（are，is）＋現(xiàn)在分詞?。

說(shuō)明︰“<主詞>（人）正在做什么？<主詞>（人）正在?”。注意：<祈使句>的動(dòng)詞只能用原形，不可造<現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式>；表示“瞬間產(chǎn)生”的動(dòng)作的<動(dòng)詞詞組>，如 sit down，stand up，不可造<現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式>。what am i doing? you are reading a book.我正在做什么？ 你正在閱讀一本書(shū)。

what are the girls doing? they are singing.姑娘們正在做什么？ 她們?cè)诔?。what is bill writing? he is writing a letter.比爾在寫什么？ 他在寫一封信。how old are you? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：how old＋be 動(dòng)詞＋主詞（某人）？

答句：主詞（某人）＋be 動(dòng)詞＋year(s)old。

說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“某人幾歲？某人是?歲”。該句型中，<疑問(wèn)詞>要用 how，不可用 what；且 be <動(dòng)詞>（am，is，are）要和后面的<主詞>(某人)配合；答句中的“year(s)old”可以省略。

how old are you? i am twelve(years old).你幾歲？我十二歲。

how old is your sister? she is thirteen years old.你的姊妹幾歲？她十三歲。how old is john? he is one year old.約翰幾歲？他一歲。what time is it? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：what time is it？

答句：it is＋數(shù)字＋o’clock。

說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“現(xiàn)在是幾點(diǎn)鐘？現(xiàn)在是?點(diǎn)鐘”。問(wèn)句中 what 當(dāng)<形容詞>，修飾后面的<名詞> time；time 當(dāng)時(shí)間解時(shí)，只能用單數(shù)，不可用復(fù)數(shù)。what time is it? it is ten o’clock.現(xiàn)在是幾點(diǎn)鐘？現(xiàn)在是十點(diǎn)鐘。what time is it? it is six o’clock.現(xiàn)在是幾點(diǎn)鐘？現(xiàn)在是六點(diǎn)鐘。what time is it? it is nine o’clock.現(xiàn)在是幾點(diǎn)鐘？現(xiàn)在是九點(diǎn)鐘。do you + v...? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：do／does＋主詞＋原形動(dòng)詞?？

肯定簡(jiǎn)答：yes，主詞＋do／does。

否定簡(jiǎn)答：no，主詞＋don’t／doesn’t。

說(shuō)明︰肯定句中，如有一般<動(dòng)詞>（speak，work，teach?），則在句首加<助動(dòng)詞> do 或 does，并將一般<動(dòng)詞>改為原形<動(dòng)詞>（不加s或es），即構(gòu)成<疑問(wèn)句>。

do you speak english? yes, i do.(no, i don’t.)你講英語(yǔ)嗎？是的，我講英語(yǔ)。（不，我不講英語(yǔ)。）

does she have a cat? yes, she does.(no, she doesn’t.)她有一只貓嗎？是的，她有一只貓。（不，她沒(méi)有一只貓。）do they work in office? yes, they do.(no, they don’t.)他們?cè)谵k公室里工作嗎？是的，他們?cè)谵k公室里工作。（不，他們不在辦公室里工作。）what time do you + v...? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：what time＋do／does＋主詞＋原形動(dòng)詞?？

答句：主詞（某人）＋一般動(dòng)詞?＋時(shí)間。

說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“某人幾點(diǎn)做某事？”<助動(dòng)詞> do 或 does 的選擇依<主詞>而定，若<主詞>為第三人稱單數(shù)，用 does；其它用 do。

what time do you get up? i usually get up at six.你幾點(diǎn)起床？我通常六點(diǎn)起床。what time does he go to bed? he usually goes to bed at ten.他幾點(diǎn)就寢？他通常十點(diǎn)就寢。what time does your class begin? it begins at eight-ten.你的課幾點(diǎn)開(kāi)始？八點(diǎn)十分開(kāi)始。what day is today? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：what day is today？

答句：it’s＋sunday／monday／?。

說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“今天是星期幾？今天是星期日／星期一／??！眎t 可用于指“星期的名稱”，但 this或 that 不可以；一星期七天的名稱，都是<專有名詞>，開(kāi)頭的首字母要大寫，前面不加<冠詞>。

what day is today? it’s sunday.今天是星期幾？今天是星期日。what day is today? it’s wednesday.今天是星期幾？今天是星期三。what day is today? it’s saturday.今天是星期幾？今天是星期六。how many n are there...結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：how many＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋are there in／on＋名詞？

答句：there is／are＋單數(shù)（復(fù)數(shù)）名詞＋in／on＋名詞。

說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“在某處有多少?？在某處有?。”該句型中，many 修飾復(fù)數(shù)<名詞>；又因本句型是 <疑問(wèn)句>，故用 are there，不可用 there are。how many seasons are there in a year? there are four seasons in a year.一年有幾個(gè)季節(jié)？ 一年有四季。

how many days are there in a week? there are seven days in a week.一星期有幾天？ 一星期有七天。

how many lessons are there in this book? there are twelve lessons in this book.這本書(shū)里有幾課？ 這本書(shū)里有十二課。how many...do you have? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：how many＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋do／does＋主詞＋have？

答句：主詞＋have／has?＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋?。

答句：主詞＋don’t／doesn’t have?＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞?。

說(shuō)明︰“how many”后面接復(fù)數(shù)<可數(shù)名詞>，復(fù)數(shù)<名詞>的前面可用 many，a lot of，a few，some，few，any，no 等修飾。

how many books do you have? i have a lot of books.(i don’t have any books.)你有幾本書(shū)？ 我有許多書(shū)。（我沒(méi)有書(shū)。）how many sweaters do you have? i have three sweaters.(i don’t have any sweaters.)你有幾件毛衣？ 我有三件毛衣。（我沒(méi)有毛衣。）

how many friends does she have? she has a lot of friends.(she doesn’t have many friends.)她有幾個(gè)朋友？ 她有許多朋友。（她沒(méi)有許多朋友。）how much...do you have? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：how much＋單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞＋do／does＋主詞＋have？

答句：主詞＋have／has?＋單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞。

答句：主詞＋don’t／doesn’t have?＋單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞。

說(shuō)明︰“how much”后面接單數(shù)<不可數(shù)名詞>，單數(shù)<不可數(shù)名詞>前面可用 much，a little，some，little，any，no 等修飾。

how much tea does he have? he has a lot of tea.(he doesn’t have any tea.)他有多少茶？ 他有很多茶。（他沒(méi)有茶。）

how much homework do they have? they have a lot of homework.(they don’t have much homework.)他們有多少家庭作業(yè)？ 他們有許多家庭作業(yè)。（他們沒(méi)有許多家庭作業(yè)。）how much fruit do they have? they have a lot of fruit.(they don’t have a lot of fruit.)他們有多少水果？ 他們有許多水果。（他們沒(méi)有許多水果。）how much do(es)...cost? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰how much do（es）＋某物＋cost?？

說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“某物值多少錢？”。how much 用來(lái)詢問(wèn)商品的價(jià)格。還可以寫作：“how much＋ be <動(dòng)詞>＋某物？。

how much do the movie tickets cost? 這些電影票值多少錢？ did...v...結(jié)構(gòu)︰did＋主詞＋原形動(dòng)詞＋?過(guò)去時(shí)間？

說(shuō)明︰將肯定句中的過(guò)去式改為“did＋原形<動(dòng)詞>”，并將 did 放在句首，句尾用問(wèn)號(hào)，即構(gòu)成過(guò)去式的<疑問(wèn)句>。

did he clean the room yesterday? 他昨天打掃房間嗎？ did she wash the skirt yesterday? 她昨天洗這裙子嗎？

did your brother play in the park this morning? 你弟弟今天上午在公園玩耍嗎？ did he eat lunch yesterday? 他昨天吃午飯嗎？

did you see any elephants in the zoo last week? 上星期你在動(dòng)物園里看到大象了嗎？ did sue have her breakfast at eight? 蘇在八點(diǎn)鐘吃過(guò)早餐了嗎？ do you ever + v...? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：do／does＋主詞＋ever＋原形動(dòng)詞?？

答句：no，主詞＋never＋一般動(dòng)詞（加s或es）?。

說(shuō)明︰ever 通常用于<疑問(wèn)句>，never 通常用于否定回答；never 也可放在句首，后接原形 <動(dòng)詞>，形成否定<祈使句>，如例句4。

你曾經(jīng)使用計(jì)算機(jī)嗎？不，我未曾使用過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)。

does tom ever get up late? no, tom never gets up late.湯姆曾經(jīng)晚起床嗎？不，湯姆未曾晚起床過(guò)。

does sally ever play the piano? no, sally never plays the piano.薩莉曾經(jīng)彈鋼琴嗎？不，薩莉未曾彈過(guò)鋼琴。

never be late for school, bill.比爾，上學(xué)絕不可遲到。what year was he born in? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰what date／year＋was／were＋主詞＋born＋on／in？

說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“你出生于幾月幾日（那一年）？”。born 是<原形動(dòng)詞> bear 的過(guò)去<分詞>，在文法上當(dāng)

<形容詞>，前面常有 was 或 were；中文說(shuō)“某人出生”，英語(yǔ)應(yīng)說(shuō)：“某人＋was／were born?”。what year were you born in? 你出生于那一年？ what date was your mother born on? 你母親出生于幾月幾日？ what month was your sister born in? 你妹妹出生于幾月？ what will you do on...? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰what will／did＋主詞＋do＋on＋時(shí)間？

說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“某人在某時(shí)間將做什么？（未來(lái)式）某人在某時(shí)做了什么事？（過(guò)去式）”。指特定的日期（如幾月幾日）、星期幾或星期幾的早上（下午，晚上），要用介系詞on。

what will you do on teacher’s day? 你在教師節(jié)將做什么事？ what will they do on christmas eve? 他們?cè)谑フQ夜將做什么事？ what will helen do on her birthday? 海倫在她生日那天將做什么事？ what did john do on new year’s day? 約翰在元旦做了什么事？ what did mary do on youth day? 瑪麗在青年節(jié)做了什么事？

what did the suspect do on july ninth? 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什么事情？ how do you + v...? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句：how＋do＋主詞＋一般動(dòng)詞?？ 答句：主詞＋一般動(dòng)詞?＋情狀副詞。

說(shuō)明︰how 是問(wèn)情況的<疑問(wèn)副詞>，表示“怎樣?？”。用于說(shuō)明“狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)”的副詞，稱為 <情狀副詞>。當(dāng)用來(lái)修飾<不及物動(dòng)詞>時(shí)，<情狀副詞>位于其后；當(dāng)用來(lái)修飾<及物動(dòng)詞>時(shí)，<情狀動(dòng)詞>位于<及物動(dòng)詞>的前面或后面。

how did you do your work? i did my work happily.你怎樣做你的工作？ 我很快樂(lè)地做了我的工作。

how did mrs.lin look at mr.lin? she looked at mr.lin coldly.林太太怎樣注視林先生？ 她冷漠地注視林先生。

how does mr.wang drive his taxi? he drives his taxi carefully.王先生怎樣駕駛他的出租車？ 他小心地駕駛他的出租車。you are..., aren’t you? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰肯定句，＋否定式助動(dòng)詞＋主詞？

說(shuō)明︰這是一種反意<疑問(wèn)句>，其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)是：第一部分是肯定式，第二部分就用否定式。直述句的<主詞>是<名詞>時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的<主詞>要用<代名詞>代替：it 代替 this，that，<不定詞>(當(dāng)<主詞>)或<動(dòng)名詞>(當(dāng)<主詞>)等；they 代替 these，those，people 等。下列<助動(dòng)詞>的否定縮寫式較易弄錯(cuò)：will not－>won’t；would not－> wouldn’t；should not－>shouldn’t；can not－>can’t；could not－>couldn’t； might not－>mightn’t；ought not－>oughtn’t。直述句有一般<動(dòng)詞>現(xiàn)在式，則附加問(wèn)句用 do 或 does 代替；有一般<動(dòng)詞>過(guò)去式，則附加問(wèn)句用 did 代替。they’re ready, aren’t they?（讀降調(diào)）他們準(zhǔn)備好了吧？（讀升調(diào)）他們準(zhǔn)備好了，不是嗎？ mike has a car, doesn’t he?（讀降調(diào)）麥克有輛車，是吧？（讀升調(diào)）麥克有輛車，不是嗎？ the secretary typed the letter, didn’t she?是秘書(shū)打了這封信，不是嗎？

they will go to europe, won’t they?他們將去歐洲，不是嗎？ you are the teacher, aren’t you?你就是老師，不是嗎？

i suppose you have been in our woods, haven’t you?我推想你在我們的森林里呆過(guò)，不是嗎？ i know he had a good time last night, didn’t he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快，不是嗎？ the wall plug is broken, isn’t it?墻上的插座壞了，不是嗎？ clean parks are beautiful, aren’t they? 干凈的公園是美麗的，不是嗎？ you can do it, can’t you? 你會(huì)做它，不是嗎？

we should rise early, shouldn’t we?我們應(yīng)該早起，不是嗎？ he isn’t..., is he? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰否定句，＋肯定式助動(dòng)詞＋主詞？

說(shuō)明︰這是另一種反意<疑問(wèn)句>。否定結(jié)構(gòu)在第一部分，第二部分就要用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。對(duì)反意<疑問(wèn)句>的回答篇二：英語(yǔ)常用基本句式和句型結(jié)構(gòu)

英語(yǔ)常用基本句式和句型結(jié)構(gòu)

【要點(diǎn)歸納】

▲英語(yǔ)句式絕大多數(shù)以s+v(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))結(jié)構(gòu)為核心架構(gòu)。英語(yǔ)是sv型語(yǔ)言。即以s+v(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))結(jié)構(gòu)為主干，以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為核心。

▲一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子若沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞），這個(gè)句子一定是錯(cuò)誤的。

▲英語(yǔ)句子的謂語(yǔ)只能由動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)，動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)句子中如果不充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)就必須用非謂語(yǔ)形式（動(dòng)名詞、不定式或分詞）。但漢語(yǔ)句子的謂語(yǔ)既可以是動(dòng)詞，也可以是形容詞、名詞等。

如：the prices are stable and the market is flourishing.to study english is not easy.study english not easy.(×)▲漢語(yǔ)句法的顯著特點(diǎn)是“動(dòng)詞連用”，動(dòng)詞不需要形態(tài)變化，便可以按時(shí)間和動(dòng)作發(fā)生先后順序和情節(jié)發(fā)展連續(xù)使用幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞。一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子，除并列謂語(yǔ)的情形外，只能出現(xiàn)一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，否則須用其他手段處理：

★ 變?yōu)榉侵^語(yǔ)形式

★ 連詞連接 ﹛并列連詞（并列謂語(yǔ)；并列句）

★ 從屬連詞→引出從句

★ 用名詞或介詞來(lái)表示

▲漢語(yǔ)“動(dòng)詞連用”有兩類，一類是由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的連續(xù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)作，叫連動(dòng)式；一類是由謂語(yǔ)的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，前一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是后一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)，即兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不是由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的，稱作兼語(yǔ)式。請(qǐng)看：

一）連動(dòng)式 英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有漢語(yǔ)這種連動(dòng)式，表達(dá)先后關(guān)系的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞，可用and連接或用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

我打開(kāi)門走進(jìn)來(lái)。

i opened the door and came in.(opening the door, i came in.)二）兼語(yǔ)式

如：“他請(qǐng)我到他家來(lái)做客。”“我”是“請(qǐng)”的賓語(yǔ)，又是“到他家來(lái)做客”的主語(yǔ)。也就是說(shuō)“我” 身兼兩職。英語(yǔ)句式表達(dá)漢語(yǔ)兼語(yǔ)式有以下幾種方式：

1)將兼語(yǔ)式的第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為英語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，常用不定式，有時(shí)用不帶to的不定式，或分詞，副詞，形容詞，名詞，介詞結(jié)構(gòu)等。對(duì)于第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，漢語(yǔ)中常用的動(dòng)詞有“使”、“叫”、“請(qǐng)求”、“讓”、“迫使”、“導(dǎo)致”、“要求”、“命令”、“促進(jìn)”、“鼓勵(lì)”等，在英語(yǔ)中均有對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞（make, ask, beg, have, force, cause, demand, order, help, encourage等）。如：

he invited me to dinner in his house.▲在sv總句式基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的類型不同，可總結(jié)出下五大句型：[s1] ⑴ 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)she seems kind.a.the soup is delicious.(形容詞作表語(yǔ))b.helen became an electrical engineer.(名詞作表語(yǔ))c.he is in good health.(介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ))d.the story is interesting.(現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ))⑵ 主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞 he changed a lot.a.the moon shines brightly.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))b.the car won’t go.(一般將來(lái)時(shí))c.the child behaved badly at the party.(主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+程度狀語(yǔ)+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))d.production declined 6% last month.(一般過(guò)去式)e.they will fly to london.(主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))⑶ 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ) we love our country.a.we visited our friends.(名詞作賓語(yǔ))b.i am considering going abroad.(動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ))c.he can not afford to take a taxi.(動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ))d.he caught her by the arm.(動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ))⑷ 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)（人）+直接賓語(yǔ)（物）

或 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)（物）+to +間接賓語(yǔ)（人）+for+間接賓語(yǔ)（人）

he gave me a present.(he gave a present to me.)a.he often tells the children interesting stories.b.he assigned jack the toughest job.c.i paid the repairman 50 dollars.d.he sent some flowers to his girlfriend.e.my mother made a new dress for my sister.f.ill tell you what ive been thinking.(賓語(yǔ)從句)g.i assure you that this medicine will help you.(賓語(yǔ)從句)h.youve got to promise me that you wont do that again.(主及賓結(jié)構(gòu)+不定連接+主及賓賓)⑸ [/url]主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) i found the book interesting.[s2] a.his writing has made him a well-known public figure.(名詞作賓補(bǔ))b.they found the book easy.(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))c.i can see two ships in the harbor.(介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ))d.he kept me waiting too long.(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ))e.i have my hair cut every month.(過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ))f.they wanted him to study abroad.(動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ))g.will you tell me how to do it? h.we advised her which course to take.[s1] 五種基本句型歌 英語(yǔ)句子萬(wàn)萬(wàn)千，五大句型把線牽。句型種類為動(dòng)詞，后接什么是關(guān)鍵； 系詞后面接表語(yǔ)； vi獨(dú)身無(wú)牽連； vt又可分三類，單賓雙賓最常見(jiàn)，還有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)； [s2] 1.jim finds his job a challenge.［賓補(bǔ)為n.］ 2.i found the movie interesting.［賓補(bǔ)為adj.］ 3.why did you leave the light on?［賓補(bǔ)為adv.］ 4.we found her in tears.［賓補(bǔ)為介詞短語(yǔ)］

5.they encouraged her to try again.［賓補(bǔ)為不定式］ 6.my mother told me not to worry.［賓補(bǔ)為不定式］

7.we heard someone knocking on the door.［賓補(bǔ)為v-ing］ 8.do you smell something burning?［賓補(bǔ)為v-ing］

10.you should make yourself understood.［賓補(bǔ)為v-ed］篇三：英語(yǔ)句型大全 1.s(主）+ vi（不及物動(dòng)詞）（謂）time flies.1)s + v + adverbial(狀語(yǔ)）birds sing beautifully.2)s + vi+ prep phrase（介詞短語(yǔ)）he went on holiday.3)s + vi+ infinitive(不定式）we stopped to have a rest.4)s + vi+ participle(分詞）ill go swimming.2.s(主）+ vt（及物動(dòng)詞）（謂）+ o（賓）we like english.1)s + vt + n/pron i like music.i like her.i want to help him.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。3)s + vt + wh-word + infinitive i dont know what to do.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。

4)s + vt + gerund i enjoy living here.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, cant help等。5)s + vt + that-clause i dont think(that)he is right.3.s(主）+ v（謂）（lv)(系動(dòng)詞）+ p（表）we are chinese.1)s + lv + n/pron(名詞/代詞）he is a boy.this is mine.2)s + lv + adj（形容詞）she is beautiful.3)s + lv + adv(副詞）class is over.4)s + lv + prep phrase he is in good health.5)s + lv + participle(分詞）he is excited.the film is interesting.4.s(主）+ vt（謂）+ in o（間接 賓）i give you help.1)s + vt + n/pron + n（直接 賓）+ d o i sent him a book.i bought may a book.2)s + vt + n/pron + to/for-phrase he sent a book to me.he bought a coat for me.間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加to 的常用動(dòng)詞有：allow, bring, deny, do(帶來(lái)），give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。

間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加for 的常用動(dòng)詞有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。5.s(主）+ vt（謂）+ o（賓）+ o c（賓補(bǔ)）i make you clear.1)s + vt + n/pron + n we named our baby tom.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。

2)s + vt + n/pron + adj he painted the wall white.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。3)s + vt + n/pron + prep phrase she always keeps everything in good order.4)s + vt + n/pron + infinitive i wish you to stay.i made him work 5)s + vt + n/pron + participle(分詞）i heard my name called.i feel something moving.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。

第三篇：英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解+習(xí)題

高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，用來(lái)修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞或整個(gè)主句，所以，也稱作形容詞性從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩種。提示： 關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中有三大作用 1.連接作用——連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句。

I gave her all the money that I had.我把我所有的錢都給了她。（that 連接先特詞 money和定語(yǔ)從句I had）

2.替代作用——在定語(yǔ)從句中替代從句所修飾的先行詞。

The man who lives next door is a famous teacher.住在隔壁的那個(gè)人是個(gè)名師。（who 替代the man）

3.成分作用——在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。

I like picrures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style.我喜歡傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)畫(huà)。（which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)）

一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它們分別代替前面的先行詞，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。

A．Who

指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。

What was the name of the man who lent you the money?

借錢給你的那人叫什么名字？（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the man）

He who laughs last laughs best.誰(shuí)笑到最后誰(shuí)笑得最好。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞he）

The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.會(huì)議主席坐在我右邊，他先發(fā)言。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the chairman）

B．Whom

指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中，whom可省略或可用who來(lái)代替，但在介詞后面以及在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只能用whom。

There are some people whom/who we like and others whom/who we dislike.有些人我們是喜歡的，有些人則是我們討厭的。（定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾先行詞people, others）

The people whom/who I work with are all friendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the people）

Mr.Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.Mr.Carter, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.昨晚我在電話里和卡特先生交談過(guò)，他對(duì)我們的計(jì)劃很感興趣。（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不能用who代替whom）

Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office.兩個(gè)人來(lái)到我的辦公室，我以前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)他們。（在介詞后面不用who）

C．Whose

人、物皆可，做定語(yǔ)，后面要緊跟被修飾的名詞，先行詞和后面的名詞之間往高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

往是從屬關(guān)系。

There are some people whose faces you can never forget.有些人，他們的臉你永遠(yuǎn)難以忘懷。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞people）

I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.我看見(jiàn)一些樹(shù)的樹(shù)葉由于空氣污染而發(fā)黑。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾行詞trees）

D．Which

1．指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略。

English is a language which is easy to learn.英語(yǔ)是一門容易學(xué)的語(yǔ)言。（which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，不能省略）

The children like cookies(which)my wife makes.孩子們喜歡我夫人做的餅干。(關(guān)系代詞which作makes的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略)

2．which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this。

Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody.吉姆通過(guò)了駕駛考試，這使大家都感到驚訝。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是整個(gè)主句，而不是the driving test）

Sheila couldn't come to the party, which was a pity.希拉不能來(lái)參加聚會(huì)，真遺憾。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是整個(gè)主句，而不是the party）

3．which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中有時(shí)也可以作定語(yǔ)。

John stayed here for a week, during which time we visited the West Lake together.約翰在這里呆了一星期，在此期間我們一起游了西湖。

It might snow this weekend, in which case we won't go to Beijing.周末可能下雪，在這種情況下，我們就不去北京了。E．That

指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)（做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷裕?/p>

He is the man that lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那個(gè)人。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the man，作主語(yǔ)）

I don't like stories that have unhappy endings.我不喜歡結(jié)尾悲傷的故事。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞stories，作主語(yǔ)）

The dress(that)Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.安買的衣服不太合身。（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the dress，that作賓語(yǔ)可省略）

Is there anything(that)I can do for you?

有我能為你效勞的事嗎？（定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞anything，that作賓語(yǔ)，可省略）

提示：

在口語(yǔ)中，that有時(shí)還可以作關(guān)系副詞，相當(dāng)于when或 介詞+which 結(jié)構(gòu)。

We left the day(that)he arrived.他來(lái)的那一天，我們就走了。（that替when）

He doesn't see things the way(that)we see them.他看問(wèn)題的方法和我們不一樣。（that代替in which）

Imagine the speed(that)he drives his car!很難想象，他開(kāi)車的速度那么快?。╰hat代替at which）F．其他關(guān)系代詞

as 和but也可作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。1．As

as可以在限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

① 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，as可跟在由such, so, the same修飾的先行詞之后。

Such men as heard him were deeply moved.聽(tīng)過(guò)他說(shuō)話的人，都會(huì)深受感動(dòng)。（as在定語(yǔ)從句中作heard的主語(yǔ)）

I've never heard such stories as he tells.我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)像他講的這樣的故事。（as在定語(yǔ)從句中作tell的賓語(yǔ)）

He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift.他搬起別人都搬不起的大石頭。（as在定語(yǔ)從句中l(wèi)ift的賓語(yǔ)）比較：

在the same as結(jié)構(gòu)中，as也可用that代替。但嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)，the same as強(qiáng)調(diào)相同的東西，the same that注重同一個(gè)。

She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的衣裙。（as指的是與先行詞相似的同類事物）

She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過(guò)的同一條連衣裙。（that指的是與先行詞同一事物）

②

在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，as可代表主句整個(gè)句子，引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。

As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China.眾所周知，臺(tái)灣屬于中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土。

He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，這一點(diǎn)我們從他的口音可以知道。必背：

一些由as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常位于句首，已形成了固定的說(shuō)法。

as is known to all 這是眾所周知的 as may be imagined 這可以想象得出

as has been said before 如前所說(shuō)

as has been pointed out 正如已經(jīng)指出

as is often the case 情況常常如此

as often happens 這種情況常常發(fā)生

2．But

but作關(guān)系詞只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，同具有否定意思的主句連用，相當(dāng)于that not, who not或which not。

There is not a single student in my class but would like to study more.我班上沒(méi)有一個(gè)學(xué)生不愿意多學(xué)一點(diǎn)的東西的。（but = who not）

There are very few but are against war.很少人不反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。（but = who not）

G．介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是一種非常常見(jiàn)但也比較復(fù)雜的定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)。

1.介詞+關(guān)系代詞中介詞的位置

關(guān)系代詞whom, which在從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以跟介詞一起放在從句與主句之間（that, who不可以），也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面，使關(guān)系代詞緊跟它所修飾的先行詞。

He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.= He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.他是個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的人，從他那兒可以學(xué)到很多。

The school in which he once worked is a key school.=The school(which that)he once worked in is a key school.他曾經(jīng)工作過(guò)的學(xué)校是一所重點(diǎn)學(xué)校。高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我就職的那家公司經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。2．介詞+關(guān)系代詞的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)

①介詞+which whom

This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.這就是那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩摇?/p>

Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.很幸運(yùn)，我們帶了一張地圖，如沒(méi)有的話，我們就會(huì)迷路了。

②名詞+of+ which /whom

Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue.請(qǐng)把那本藍(lán)封面的書(shū)遞給我。（也可用whose cover）

③數(shù)詞+of+ which /whom

She's got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses.她有三只幸運(yùn)筆，其中兩只從未用過(guò)。

④代詞+of+ which /whom

In the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad.我發(fā)現(xiàn)籃子里有好些蘋果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。

There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.我們班有50個(gè)學(xué)生，其中大多數(shù)來(lái)自大城市。

⑤最高級(jí)+of+ which /whom

China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.中國(guó)有數(shù)千個(gè)島嶼，其中最大的是臺(tái)灣。

⑥介詞+which+名詞

He usually returns home at ten, at which hour his father locks all the doors ad windows.他通常十點(diǎn)鐘回家，在這時(shí)候他爸爸鎖好所有的門窗。

His wife got seriously ill, in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.他的妻子病得很重，在這種情況下，他不得不放棄出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。3．關(guān)系代詞前介詞的選擇

在介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，應(yīng)注意介詞的正確選擇。

①

根據(jù)后面動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。

The two things of which they felt proud were Jim's watch and Della's hair.他們引以為豪的兩樣?xùn)|西是吉姆的手表和德拉的頭發(fā)。（feel proud of是固定搭配詞組）

In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街道上沒(méi)有一個(gè)她可以求助的人。（turn to sb.for help是固定搭配詞組）

②根據(jù)與前面名詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。

I'll never forget the ay on which I first met him.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我第一次遇見(jiàn)他的那一天。(the day前面一般用介詞on)

Can you imagine a proper situation in which the expression can be used?

你能設(shè)想一個(gè)使用這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的場(chǎng)合嗎？(a situation前面一般用in)高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

③有時(shí)須同時(shí)考慮動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系及介詞和名詞的搭配關(guān)系。

Is that the house in which you once lived

那就是你曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的房子嗎？(Live in the house)

④根據(jù)所要表達(dá)的意思來(lái)確定。

This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.這是我的眼鏡，離了它我什么也看不清。注意：

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。

I, who am your best friend, will do all that I can to help you.我是你的好朋友，我會(huì)盡我一切所能來(lái)幫你。

The family, who are fond of music, go to the concert once a month.這家人很愛(ài)音樂(lè)，他們每月都去聽(tīng)一次音樂(lè)會(huì)。

He is one of the boys in our class who speak English well.他是班上英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好的男生之一。（one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式）

He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.他是班上唯一英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好的男生。（the(only)one the very one the right one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式）

二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when, where或 why等。when, where, why分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，在意義上相當(dāng)于介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)，分別代替表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞。

A．when

指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然記得我第一次來(lái)到這所學(xué)校的那一天。(when= on which)

He came at a time when we needed him most.他是在我們最需要他的時(shí)候來(lái)的。(when= at which)

We will never forget the year 1949, when th People's Republic of China was founded.我們永遠(yuǎn)忘不了1949年，那是中華人民共和國(guó)成立的一年。(when= in which)B．where

指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

I recently went back to the town where I was born.我最近曾回過(guò)一次我出生的城市。(where = in which)

I would like to live in a country where there is plety of sunshine.我想住在一個(gè)陽(yáng)光充足的國(guó)家。(where = in which)

What's the name of the place where you spent your holiday

你度假的那個(gè)地方叫什么名字？(where = at which)C．why

指原因，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.請(qǐng)告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。(why = for which)

Te reason why he was punished is unknown to us.高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。

注意:

無(wú)論是關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞，都在定語(yǔ)從句中取代了先行詞，因此，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中不復(fù)出現(xiàn)。

【誤】This is the book that I borrowed it yesterday.【正】This is the book that I borrowed yesterday.這就是我昨天借的書(shū)。（that在定語(yǔ)從句中取代了先行詞the book，作borowed的賓語(yǔ)，因此，要去掉it）

【誤】The English Corner is the place where people often go there to practise their spoken English.【正】The English Corner is the place where people often go to practise their spoken English.英語(yǔ)角是人們經(jīng)常去練習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的地方。（where在定語(yǔ)從句中取代了先行詞the pace，作go的狀語(yǔ)，因此，要去掉there）

三、限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句在句中所起的作用，可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩大類。

A．限制性定語(yǔ)從句

限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，用于修飾和限定先行詞。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。書(shū)寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)與先行詞分開(kāi)。

This is the boy who broke the window.這就是打破窗子的孩子。（the boy是先行詞，who broke the indow是限制性定語(yǔ)從句，明確指出the boy是打破窗子的那個(gè)孩子）

I have a book which teaches English grammar.我有一本講解英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的書(shū)。（a book是先行詞，which teaches English grammar是限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the book）

The people whom you met in the hall are from Japan.你在大廳見(jiàn)到的那些人來(lái)自日本。（定語(yǔ)從句whom you met in the hall定先行詞the people）

B．非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在意義上只是一個(gè)附加修飾語(yǔ)，對(duì)先行詞或主句作些附加的說(shuō)明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。書(shū)寫時(shí)往往用逗號(hào)與先行詞分開(kāi)。

I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.我是你的朋友，將與你分擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作。（I是先行詞，who am your friend是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)先行詞I起附加說(shuō)明的作用）

New Concept English is intended for foeign students, which is known to us all.新概念英語(yǔ)是專為外國(guó)學(xué)生編寫的，這是我們大家都知道的。（which is known to us all是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)主句作進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明）C．在下列情況下，通常使用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。1．當(dāng)先行詞表示的是世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的人或物時(shí)。

The sun, which gives us light and heat, is a fixed star.太陽(yáng)是一顆恒星，它給我們光和熱。

Last year I visted the People's Great Hall, where many important meetings are held 高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

every year.去年我參觀了人民大會(huì)堂，每年許多重要會(huì)議都要在那里舉行。2．當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句時(shí)。

Taiwan belongs to China, as everyone knows.眾所周知，臺(tái)灣屬于中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土。

The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected.天氣非常糟糕，這點(diǎn)們沒(méi)有料到。

3．當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞，或先行詞本身指示意義十分明確時(shí)。

Mr.Joe lives in Beijing now, which is quite a long way from here.喬先生現(xiàn)在住在北京，那里距離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。

I congratulate my neighbour, whose son has just won the election.我祝賀我的鄰居，他的兒子剛剛贏得選舉。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的五個(gè)“不能”(1)關(guān)系詞不能用 that

(2)關(guān)系詞不能用 why，只能用 for which(3)有且只有 as 能放整個(gè)句首，which 不能

(4)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞 其中的關(guān)系代詞不能用 as。介詞 + which/ whom(5)指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用賓格 whom;不能用 who 替換，也不能省略。

四、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用，比較復(fù)雜除了牽涉到所指的先行詞是人還是物，所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是限制性的還是非限制性的，以及關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成份外，還要根據(jù)習(xí)慣用法而定。A．只用who 1．在非限制定語(yǔ)從句中指人時(shí)：

His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他媽媽十分地愛(ài)他，對(duì)他要求很嚴(yán)格。2．先行詞是one, anyone, those等指人時(shí)：

One who has nothing to fear for hiself dares to tell the truth.一個(gè)無(wú)所畏懼的人敢說(shuō)真話。

Anyone who breaks the law shall be published.任何犯法的人都將受到懲罰。

Those who are against the plan put up your hands please.凡是反對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的人，請(qǐng)舉手。3．在there/here be開(kāi)頭的句子中。

Here is a boy who wants to see you.有個(gè)男孩想見(jiàn)你。B． 只用which whom

在下列情況下，一般不能用that代替which whom。1．在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。

The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected.天氣非常糟糕，這我們沒(méi)有料到。2．介詞后面。高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞或短語(yǔ)介詞后面，只能用which或whom，不能用that。

He climbed up to the top of a large rock, from which he got a good view.他爬到一塊巨大的巖石頂上，從那里他看到很好的景色。（也可用from where）

Sound is a tool, by means of which people communicate with each other.聲音是工具，人們通過(guò)這個(gè)工具進(jìn)行交流。

C．只用that 1．當(dāng)先行詞為everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little等詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞被every, any, all,some, no, little, few, much等詞修飾時(shí)。

Everything that they said was true.他所說(shuō)的一切都是真的。

He is dead and there's nothing that can be done.他死了，再也沒(méi)有什么辦法了。

There was little that we could do to help her.我們沒(méi)有什么能幫助她的。

These walls are all that remain of the ancint city.這些墻是這座古城所殘存下來(lái)的全部。

提示: something 后面可用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

There is something(which/ that)I'd like to tell you.有些事我想告訴你。2．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

The first place(that)they visited in London was the Big Ben.在倫敦他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。

She was probably the hardest working student(that)I have ever taught.她也許是我教學(xué)生中學(xué)習(xí)最勤奮的。3．當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only修飾時(shí)。

This is the very grammar book(that)I want to buy.這正是我要買的語(yǔ)法書(shū)。

Beauty is the only thing(that)Emily can be proud of.美麗是埃米莉唯一能驕傲的東西。

4．當(dāng)先行詞為who或前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。

Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? 有常識(shí)的人誰(shuí)會(huì)相信這種無(wú)聊的事情？

Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在門口的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？

5．當(dāng)先行詞為人與事物或動(dòng)物時(shí)。

The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered.掉入河里的司機(jī)與車都還沒(méi)有找到。

The boy and his dog that were believed to be lost in the wood were rescued this morning.被認(rèn)為在森林里迷路的孩子與狗，今天早上已經(jīng)獲救了。

6．先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做表語(yǔ)時(shí)。

She is no longer the sweet girl(that)she used to be.她再也不是過(guò)去那個(gè)甜美的女孩了。

He is not the man(that)he seems.他這人不貌相。

D．關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的選擇

當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，要根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謥?lái)決定。

I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度假的日子。（when作狀語(yǔ)）高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

I will never forget the days which we spent together.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度過(guò)的日子。（which作we spent賓語(yǔ)）

I know a place where we can have a picnic.我知道一個(gè)我們可以野炊的地方。（where作狀語(yǔ)）

I know a place which is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一個(gè)以自然景色優(yōu)美而聞名的地方。（which作主語(yǔ)）E．關(guān)系詞的省略

在下列情況下，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在非正式文體中可以省略。

1．關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？墒÷?。

Are these keys(that which)you were looking for? 這是你正在尋找的鑰匙嗎？

The man(who that)I was sitting net to on the plane talked all the time.飛機(jī)上坐在我旁邊的那個(gè)人一直在喋喋不休。

2．以the way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。

I don't like the way(that in which)she walks.我不喜歡她走路的樣子。The way(that in which)he answered the questions was surprising.他回答這些問(wèn)題的方式令驚奇。

3．在the time when, the place where, the reason why結(jié)構(gòu)中，when, where, why可省略。

I shall never forget the day(when)we first met.我永遠(yuǎn)不能忘記我們第一次見(jiàn)面的那一天。

That's the place(where)he stayed when he was in the country.那就是他在鄉(xiāng)下呆過(guò)的地方。

F．定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別

1．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的it是個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，本身沒(méi)有意義。如果去掉it is/was that，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整，句意也完整。定語(yǔ)從句中的it是指示代詞，做主句的主語(yǔ)。如果去掉it is/was that，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，意思也完整。

It is a question that needs careful consideration.這是一個(gè)需要慎重考慮的問(wèn)題。（定語(yǔ)從句）

It is novels that she enjoys reading.她喜歡閱讀的是小說(shuō)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

2．在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分還可以是副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或從句；在定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞一般是名詞、代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。

Was it in this palace that the last emperor died（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）

那位末朝皇帝是在這個(gè)宮殿里死的嗎？

Was it this palace where the last emperor died（定語(yǔ)從句）

這是那位末朝皇帝死的宮殿嗎？

3．有些強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，這往往給理解帶來(lái)一定的難度。解決方法是仔細(xì)分析that或who在句中的作用。

It was in the lab that was set up last year that they finished the experiment.他們是在去年建造的實(shí)驗(yàn)室里完成這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的。（that was set up last year 是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作主語(yǔ)，并可被which替換）

It was the students who came from our school that won the first prize in the contest.是來(lái)自我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生獲得了競(jìng)賽一等獎(jiǎng)。（who came rom our school 是定語(yǔ)從句，who在從句中作主語(yǔ)）高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

G．定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

1．定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，起限定作用。而同位語(yǔ)從句等同于它所修飾的名詞，是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)所修飾的名詞作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。

It is a fact(that)you can't deny.這是一個(gè)你不能否認(rèn)的事實(shí)。（定語(yǔ)從句）

It is a fact that she has done her best.她盡了最大的努力，這是事實(shí)。（同位語(yǔ)從句）

2．在定語(yǔ)從句中，that代先行詞，在從句中不僅起連接作用，還充當(dāng)某個(gè)句子成分，在作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)通常可省略。而在同位語(yǔ)從句中，that只起連接主句和從句的作用，無(wú)意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不可省。

The news(that)we heard spread all over the school campus.我們聽(tīng)到的消息傳遍了校園。（定語(yǔ)從句）

The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.李先生將是我們的新英語(yǔ)老師這個(gè)消息是真的。（同位從句）

歷年高考真題：

1.---Mom, what did your doctor say?

---He advised me to live _____ the air is fresher.2006年(四川卷)

A.in where

B.in which

C.the place where

D.where

先行詞在句中無(wú)法找到, 故該句型不屬定語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。本題考察

了定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。【D】

2.I saw a woman running towards me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _____ she had come.2006年（重慶卷）A.of which

B.by which

C.in which

D.from which 3.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,_____this was a memory she especially treasured.2006年（廣東卷）

A.as

B.if

C.when

D.where 4.Women ______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____ don’t.2006年（北京卷）

A.who;不填 B.不填;who C.who;who D.不填;不填

解析：兩處空格后均為定語(yǔ)從句，均缺少關(guān)系詞。第一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是woman，要用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)從句，同時(shí)該從句中缺主語(yǔ)，用who；第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句高中定語(yǔ)從句講解的先行詞是those，在句中指人，其定語(yǔ)從句也缺少主語(yǔ)，用who.所以選C。

5.We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us _____ we gave some bells and glasses.2006年（湖南卷）

A.to which

B.to whom

C.with whom

D.with which 6.She was educated at Beijing University, _____ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.2006（陜西卷）

A.after which

B.from which

C.from that

D.after that 有逗號(hào)是定語(yǔ)從句，若是句號(hào)用after that即為狀語(yǔ)從句。如果which在從句中是句子的一部分，充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有which句子就不完整。而that在從句中不是一部分，沒(méi)有that一樣是個(gè)完整的句子

7.The Beatles,____many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.2006年（天津卷）

A.what

B.that

C.how

D.as 8.I was given three books on cooking, the first _____ I really enjoyed.2006年（浙江卷）

A.of that

B.of which

C.that

D.which 9.My most famous relative of all, _____ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather.2006年（江蘇卷）

A.one

B.the one

C.he

D.someone 10.We’re just trying to reach a point _____ both sides will sit down together and talk.2006年（山東卷）

A.where

B.that

C.when

D.Which 我們僅僅是嘗試達(dá)到一個(gè)能使雙方坐下來(lái)對(duì)話的目標(biāo)。

point,base,situation,condition等表示事態(tài)，情況等的一些詞在用于定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)后面的連詞要用where或in which

11.You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre，_____ is always busy at the weekend.2006年（上海春季）

A.that B.where

C.what

D.Which先行詞為shopping center 12.Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _____ they learn simple games and songs.2007年（全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）

A.while

B.there

C.then

D.where 13.Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _____ wanted to buy it.2007年（安徽卷）

A.none of them B.both of them

C.none of whom

D.neither of whom 14.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _____ they can be controlled on purpose.2007年（重慶卷）

A.with which

B.to which

C.of which

D.for which 按題意先行詞 the degree 在句中構(gòu)成 to sth.(達(dá)到某種程度)作句中作賓語(yǔ) 應(yīng)選【B】。

1． 先行詞在句中無(wú)法找到, 故該句型不屬定語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。本題考察

了定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別?！綝】 高中定語(yǔ)從句講解

2． 按題意先行詞 the direction 用在 come(from)后構(gòu)成(from)the direction 在句中作方式狀語(yǔ),應(yīng)填 from which。【D】

3． 先行詞是指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容, 但是它在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，故該句型不屬定語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)為原因狀語(yǔ)從句。本題考察了定語(yǔ)從句與原因狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別?！続】

4． 先行詞 Women 在句中作主語(yǔ),應(yīng)選【C】

5． 按題意先行詞 them 在句中作 give sth.to sb.結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)選【B】。

6． 按題意先行詞是指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容,在句中又構(gòu)成了(after)sth作介詞的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)選【A】。

7． 【解析】按題意先行詞是指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容,在句中作 remember 的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)選【D】。

8． 【解析】按題意先行詞 three books 在句中與 the first(of …)一起作 enjoyed 的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)選【B】。

9． 【解析】按題關(guān)系代詞為 who 已給出,在句中作主語(yǔ)。本題是考察根據(jù)從句找出先行詞。根據(jù)題意關(guān)系代詞指人，常用 the one 代替，故選【B】 10． 【解析】先行詞 a point 在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)選【A】。

11． 【解析】先行詞 the shopping centre 在句中作主語(yǔ),且該句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故D

12． 【解析】先行詞 a day care center 在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)選【D】。13． 【解析】按題意先行詞 only two people 在句中作主語(yǔ),應(yīng)選【D】。

14． 【解析】按題意先行詞 the degree 在句中構(gòu)成 to sth.(達(dá)到某種程度)作句中作賓語(yǔ) 應(yīng)選【B】。

第四篇：定語(yǔ)從句講解和練習(xí)

定 語(yǔ) 從 句

在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。它的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞, 用來(lái)修飾主句中的某一個(gè)名詞或代詞或整個(gè)主句，所以也稱之為形容詞性從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞, 關(guān)系詞除起連接作用外還在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一定的句子成分.被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分的不同,關(guān)系詞可分為

關(guān)系代詞: who, whom(people), which(things), that, whose 關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why。

Who 指人, 在從句中作主語(yǔ)

e.g.Your friend who studies in the college came to see you yesterday.This is the man who helped me.Whom 指人, 在從句中作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ) e.g.The man whom you want to see has come.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.注：whom 通常被省略或用who/that 替換。常用于非限制性定于從句。Which 指物, 在從句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)，Which 在作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。e.g.Here is the book which tells about grammar.I have found the car which you lost yesterday.有時(shí)候，定語(yǔ)從句指的不是它前面的名詞，而是整個(gè)句子 e.g.He showed me a photo which upset me.He tore up my photo, which upset me.正確使用關(guān)系代詞, a.關(guān)系代詞前要有名詞(代詞)b.關(guān)系代詞在所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ) c.否則,關(guān)系代詞前要接介詞, 該介詞可移至句尾.e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with.Whom 前有名詞, whom是賓格, 在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。Enjoy 後的動(dòng)名詞working是由不及物 動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化Whom 不能直接作賓語(yǔ), 所以要加介詞。e.g.He is a man for/ with whom I enjoy working.For 可移至句尾：e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with/ for.Whom/ which 作介詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略.限定性定語(yǔ)從句與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

非限定性定語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，沒(méi)有它不影響主句意思的完整，常用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開(kāi)。從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。

e.g.We were given a lovely double room, which had a sea view.I, who am blind, advise you to use your eyes well.專有名詞, 如: John, Peter, Beijing 獨(dú)一性名詞, 如: my father/mother, my school 被定語(yǔ)從句修飾時(shí), 由于本身具有特殊性,不需被定語(yǔ)從句加以限定。e.g.I like John, who works hard.I like my school, which is famous.限定性定語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)主句先行詞加以限制或分類，是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不能用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。

普通名詞不具有特殊性,定語(yǔ)從句為先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ),省

去了則主句的意思就會(huì)不完整.從句前不可加逗號(hào).e.g.I like the boy who studies hard.Is this the book which you were looking for.作關(guān)系代詞的 that 的用法: that 可以代替who, whom, which, 可指人,物，在從句中作主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ)。e.g.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper.He is the man(whom/ that)I can trust.The letter(that /which)I received was from my father.注：作表語(yǔ)表身份時(shí)只能用that: e.g.He is not the man(who ×)that he was ten years ago.He is not the happy boy that he used to be.The teacher that you are should know how to teach grammar.在限制性定于從句中，用that替換其他關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which 應(yīng)注意: 1.其前不可置介詞

2.其前不可有逗點(diǎn)(不可用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句)e.g.The earth on which we live is a big ball.The earth that / which we live on is a big ball.由that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1.先行詞為不定代詞：all/ both/ neither/ none/ either/ each/ other/ others/ another/ much/ many/ few/ little/ one/ some/ anything/ nothing/everything等 e.g.All that we can do is to believe her.Is there anything that I can do for you.Much you have read is nonsense.2.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí), 序數(shù)詞, 修飾時(shí)

e.g.The first lesson that he gave was interesting.It is the most beautiful park that I have ever been to.This is the best that can be done now.3.先行詞被不定代詞all, every, no, some, any, little, few, much, each等, 和the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí) e.g.This is the very dictionary that I want.The only thing that we could do was to wait.You may borrow any book that interest you.I have read all the books(that)you gave me.4.先行詞為數(shù)詞時(shí)

e.g.I caught two fish yesterday.Now you can see the two that are still alive.5.先行詞既有人又有物

e.g.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are well known.6.如果有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句, 應(yīng)避免重復(fù)

e.g.The student that was punished is the monitor who studies hard.He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.當(dāng)句中已有who/ which時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句要用that 而不用who(m)/ which e.g.Who is the person that is standing at the gate.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this.Of whom/which, etc.名詞和不定代詞(some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many and few)可以和 of whom/ of which 連用

e.g.It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.He has written a book, the name of which I have forgotten.We’ve tested these boots, none of which is completely waterproof.這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以和表數(shù)量（quantity）和最高級(jí)（the superlatives）連用 e.g.a number of whom/three of which/half of which The majority of whom/the youngest of whom Of whom/which 在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有以下兩種結(jié)構(gòu)

e.g.Do you see the house the windows of which are all broken?(of which the windows)The eighty passengers, ten of whom were British, all escaped.(of whom ten)

定語(yǔ)從句和不定式

介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞 可以和不定式連用

e.g.We moved to the country so the children would have a garden in which to play.沒(méi)有介詞，不能用這種結(jié)構(gòu) I can’t think of anybody whom to invite.即使有介詞，這種結(jié)構(gòu)也非常正式和不常見(jiàn)的，我們常用更簡(jiǎn)單的結(jié)構(gòu)。(?a garden to play in;?neighbours to quarrel with).Which as determiner 有時(shí)用抽象名詞(case, point, reason, situation, time等)來(lái)總結(jié)主句的內(nèi)容時(shí)，which 可以用作限定詞，構(gòu)成‘介詞+which+抽象名詞’ 構(gòu)成定語(yǔ)從句?？梢院兔~連用的這種結(jié)構(gòu)很正式，常用在介詞之后，對(duì)所提的事進(jìn)行不從說(shuō)明。

e.g.He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home.Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight.It rained all night, during which time the ship broke in pieces.Whose 為關(guān)系代詞所有格, 由his/ her/ their/ my/ your/ its 等所有格變化而成.在引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ),可指人/物

e.g.This is John, whose father is a teacher.People whose home are in town want to live in the country.使用whose時(shí)要遵守下列原則

1.whose之前要有名詞

2.whose之后的名詞在從句中要做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ) 3.否則, whose 之前要有介詞,介詞可移至句尾 e.g.I like John, whose father I don’t like.I like John, whose brother I want to make friends with.可用 the...of which/ of which...the 替換

e.g.I don’t like the building whose roof is blue.I don’t like the building the roof of which is blue.I don’t like the building of which the roof is blue.Of which除可以表示所屬關(guān)系外，還可用來(lái)表示整體和部分的關(guān)系，而whose 不能。e.g.He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant.The Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women.What 關(guān)系代詞 that 指代其前面的名詞，重復(fù)其語(yǔ)義.what 不是重復(fù)前面名詞，而是包括名詞的語(yǔ)義what = the things that?

e.g.I gave her just the money she needed.I gave her just what she needed.The thing that I’d like is a digital watch.What I’d like is a digital watch.As 關(guān)系代詞,常用在 the same...as/ such...as/ as...as 句型中 The same...as e.g.(主)He is the same person as come here yesterday.(賓)I have the same book as he is reading.(表)He is not the same man as he used to be.Such...as e.g.He is not such a man as will tell a lie.He is not such a bad man as you just talked about.Such a good student as he is will succeed.As...as e.g.He has as much money as is required.I have as many books as you(do).He is as good a student as Mary(is).Such...as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句/such...that結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

e.g.They talked in such simple English as children could understand.They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.I will provide you with such things as you may need.He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.The same...as 兩物相似/the same...that描述的是同一物 e.g.This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.As引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，代表主句或主句的一部分所表達(dá)的意思（通常不能指代某個(gè)名詞或代詞），可以放在主句前、后或中間，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，表示 ‘正如.../ 正像...’ A主語(yǔ)

e.g.As be said(announced, reported, known, seen, mentioned)As was reported on TV, the plane crashed.B賓語(yǔ) e.g.As we know/as we all can see...C表語(yǔ) e.g.As he is, he seems clever.which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句一般不能放在主句前，而as 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。在句首時(shí)不能用which 替換。e.g.Crusoe lost his dog, which made him very sad Taiwan is part of China, as/which is known to all.As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.3.as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為“這一點(diǎn)、這件事”，常與 see，hope，expect，know，guess等動(dòng)詞搭配；which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句與主句有一種因果關(guān)系，可譯為“所以??”。e.g.Cyprus, as you all know, is in the Mediterranean.Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以用as/which作主語(yǔ)。如果從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 是行為動(dòng)詞，則必須用which。

e.g.He married her, as was natural.She refused to take the medicine, which made her mother angry.It rained hard yesterday, which prevented her from going to Shenyang.He is absent, as is often the case.But 的用法

But本身具有否定意義，相當(dāng)于who/which/that...not But的先行詞往往是否定意義的代詞或名詞詞組，用雙重否定表強(qiáng)烈肯定 But的這一用法常見(jiàn)于在從句中作主語(yǔ)

There is no one but knows about this affair.(who doesn’t know about)There are few dictionaries but have a misprint or two.(that don’t have)

Than 的用法

用作關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，可在從句中作主語(yǔ)，其后直接接謂語(yǔ)。Don’t give him more money than is necessary.He smoked fewer cigarettes than were available.先行詞被比較級(jí)修飾,用關(guān)系代詞than連接 He did more than was required.The room is much bigger than suited my purpose.沒(méi)有明確的先行詞，有時(shí)把than看作連詞，其后省略了it。但實(shí)際使用中，than后從來(lái)不補(bǔ)上it，因?yàn)閠han本身在從句中可用作主語(yǔ)。

定 語(yǔ) 從 句 練習(xí)

用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空

1.He is the teacher usually helps us out.2.Who’s the teacher is in a red dress? 3.He is the teacher daughter won the first prize yesterday.4.I’ll tell you all he told me last month.5.I’ll tell you he told me last month.6.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.7.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.8.There are 2,000 workers here, two thirds of are women.9.we know now, bats come out only at night.10.Crousoe’s dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.單句改錯(cuò)

1.This is one of the best books which have ever been written.2.She is the girl whom I guess is a good student.3.This is the mountain which the top is always covered with snow.4.All is needed is a supply of oil.5.This is the new type of plane which parts are made in China.6.They talked about the people and things which they saw on their way to school.7.Is this museum the one which you visited last Saturday? 8.The boy with who John spoke is my brother.9.Will you please lend me the very book which you bought yesterday? 10.He lived in London for 3 years, during that time he learned some English.單項(xiàng)填空

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.Where C.What D./ 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 3.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which B.either of which C.both of that D.both of which 4.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.A.which B.what C.whatever D.that 7.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.about which you talked B.which you talked C.about that you talked D.that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A.whom B.who C.which D.that 12.--Why does she always ask you for help?--There is no one else , is there? A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.A.which B.who C.what D.as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A.who B.whom C.that D.as 17.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A.which B.whose C.what D./ 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.A.I went with B.with whom I went C.with who I went D.I went with him 19.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that 20.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who

參考答案及解析

1.ACDBA DCAAA CBDAD DDBAD

第五篇：19種英語(yǔ)常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)

19種英語(yǔ)常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)

初學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人常常感到在掌握一些英語(yǔ)單詞和基本語(yǔ)法后，在英語(yǔ)說(shuō)和寫方面還是很難表達(dá)自己，其中一個(gè)原因是沒(méi)有掌握一些英語(yǔ)句型，只有掌握了一些句型才能比較正確、完整地表達(dá)自己。下面是一些常用的句型及其例句。

1.否定句型

1)一般否定句

I don't know this.No news is good news.There is no person /not a person/not any person in the house.2)特指否定

He went to his office, not to see him.I am sorry for not coming on time.I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.3)部分否定

I don't know all of them.I can't see everybody/everything.All the answers are not right.（并非所有答案都對(duì)。）

All is not gold that glitters.（閃光的不一定都是金子。）Both of them are not right.（并非兩人都對(duì)。）

4)全體否定

None of my friends smoke.I can see nothing/nobody.Nothing can be so simple as this.Neither of them is right.5)延續(xù)否定

You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.You don't know, I don't know either.He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of French.6)半否定句

We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.I know little English.I saw few people.7)雙重否定

You can't make something out of nothing.What's done cannot be undone.There is no sweet without sweat.No gain without pains.I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.No man is so old but(that)he can learn.8)排除否定

Everyone is ready except you.He did nothing but play.But for your help, I couldn't do it.9)加強(qiáng)否定

I won't do it at all.I can't see it any more.He is no longer a boy.2.判斷句型

1)一般判斷句

It is important for us to learn English.It is kind of you to help me.Sincere means honest.The boy is called/named Tom.We regarded/considered it as an honor.2)強(qiáng)調(diào)判斷

It is English that we should learn.It is he who helped me a lot.3)弱式判斷

Your sentence doesn't sound/look/appear/feel right.You look/seem as if/as thought you had been there before.Maybe/Perhaps/ she is ill.He is probably ill.He is likely ill.It is possible that he is late

4)正反判斷

That sounds all right, but in fact it is not.5)互斥判斷

He or you are wrong.Either he is right or I am.6)注釋判斷

He is a walking dictionary, that is(to say), he can remember many English words.7)比較判斷

It is more a picture than a poem.Incomplete knowledge of style is worse than useless.3.祝愿祈使句式

1)一般句式

Study hard and keep fit.Be brave!Don't be shy!

Get out of here.2)強(qiáng)語(yǔ)式

Do tell me.Never tell a lie.3)委婉祈使句

Please tell me the true.Would/Will/Won't do me a favor?

Would/Do you mind my smoking?

What/How/ about going there on foot?

4)建議祈使句

Let us go.Let us know the time.Don't let the fire out.Let's not waste the time.You'd better start early.Shall we listen to some music?

Why don't you get something to drink?

I suggest we(should)take the train.Suppose/supposing you pick me up at about six?

5)祝愿句

Success to you!

Wish you a good journey.Here's to your success!

May you have a happy marriage.Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship!

4.感嘆句型

How well he speaks!

How kind she is!

What nice weather it is!

What a beautiful day!

Here he comes!

Such is life!

Wonderful!

Help!（救命?。。?/p>

5.疑問(wèn)句型

1)一般疑問(wèn)句

Is he a doctor?

Do you the way to the station?

2)反意疑問(wèn)句

He is a teacher, isn't he?

It is quite cheap, don't you think?

3)特殊疑問(wèn)句

What is the distance / width/ size / population / temperature / fare?Who is he?

What is he?(他是干什么工作的？）

What is he like?

How/Where is he?

How do you like him?

What do you think of him?

What ever do you mean by saying this?

4)選擇疑問(wèn)句

Is he a doctor or a nurse?

Do you love it or not?

5)間接疑問(wèn)句

Do you know how old he is?

Tell me if(whether)you like it.What do you think/say/suppose I should do?

6.數(shù)詞句型

1)表數(shù)目

It is exactly ten o'clock.It is five miles away from here.He is more than/over/ at least not less than 20.He is under/at most/no more than 20.2)表年月日

He was born on April 22, 1994/in 1994/on the morning of October 1.3)表年齡

He is 20 years old.= He is 20 years of age.He is at the age of 10.4)表倍數(shù)

It is four times that of last years.This is four times as big(again)as that one.This is four times bigger than that one.The income is double what it was.The output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998.5)表計(jì)量

It is 10 meters long/wide/high.It costs me 100 yuan./ It is worth 100 yuan.I spent 10 hours to finish it.It took me 10 days to finish it.7.關(guān)聯(lián)指代句型

1)兩項(xiàng)關(guān)聯(lián)

I have two books, one is Chinese;the other English.I have five books, one is Chinese;the others English.To say is one thing, but/and/ to do is another.One the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also you friend.Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball.2)先后順序

First/firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in your

study, third/thirdly good luck in everything.First stop, then look, finally cross.At first/in the beginning/ he word hard.Later/Afterwards he is not so diligent.3)修飾限制

This is the same book as I lost yesterday.（不是同一本書(shū)，但書(shū)名、內(nèi)容等相同）

This is the same book that I lost yesterday.(同一本書(shū)）

Don't trust such a man as over praise you.He/One/Those/They who should come failed to appear.A man/A person/The one/Anyone/People who saw her liked her very much.The day/time/moment will come when China is strongest in the world.4)兩項(xiàng)連接

He can speak not only English but also French.The book is both interesting and instructive.It is neither cold nor hot.Please either come in or go out.The old worker has experience and knowledge as well.5)加和關(guān)系

Besides literature, we have grammar and writing.Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air.In addition to 'if', there are many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clauses.I must go now, incidentally, if you want that book.You seem to like tea, so do I.8.比較句型

1)等比句

He is as tall as I.He is the same height as I.She is no less diligent than he.The lab is no better than a cottage.2)差比句

I speak English worse than he does./ He is not so/as tall as I am.Our knowledge is much inferior to their.3)極比句

He is the tallest of all in the class.None/No one/ is so blind as those that won't see.Nothing is so easy as this.4)比例句

The more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance.5)擇比句

He is taller than any other boy in the class.It is better late than never.They would die than live as slaves.He prefers doing to talking.He prefers to do rather than to talk.He prefers mathematics to English.I'd rather stay here.6)對(duì)比句

You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am busy.They are working hard while you are wasting your time.9.比喻類句型

We must work like him.He behaves as his father does.He speaks English as if/ as though he was a foreigner.10.條件假設(shè)句

1)一般事實(shí)

If we succeed, what will the people say?

Suppose it rains, what shall we do?

Persevere and you'll succeed.2)虛擬條件句

If I were you, I would go.If you had seen it, you would have been moved.3)反條件句

Unless you try, you'll never succeed.Don't move, or/else/otherwise I'll shot.4)唯一條件句

If only I have another chance, I shall do better.Only in this way can we learn English well.So/As long as we don't lose heart, we'll succeed.5)推論條件句

Since that is so, there is no more to say.Now that you are grown up, you must stop this behavior.