第一篇：《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》書(shū)評(píng)-中英互譯

Book review of “Pride and Prejudice”

“Pride and Prejudice” is a famous novel written by the British writer Jane Austen.It is mainly about a marriage story that Darcy who is considered of very pride and Lizzy has prejudice against him at the beginning overcame a variety of misunderstandings and difficulties.At the same time, the novel also portrays beautiful scenery and traditional custom in eighteenth Century England.In this novel, the words of Characters sometimes sound humorous and sometimes rational deep.The plots of the story are also so ups and downs that the readers are caught in them, taste joys and sorrows of the characters.Then, I mainly analyze the different marriages of eight characters in the novel to feel the author's view on love and marriage.1.Charlotte and Collins Charlotte, one of Lizzy’s close friends, finally married Reverend Collins.Lizzy felt confused and also tried to persuade her friends because Collins wanted to propose to Lizzy just a few days ago.There is no love between them: for Collins, a wife just means the priest’s house in a certain area will has a mistress, and this is Mrs.Catherine wants him to do;for Charlotte, she married to a steady income person just for pursuing a steady life of the future days.Certainly, Lizzy always thought that there can be no happiness of them.However, Lizzie suddenly found their fade life may also be regarded as a kind of happiness, when she visited to Charlotte.In my opinion, this is marriage with no love based, appeared firstly in the novel, is the most disagreed marriage mode to the author.2.Lydia and Wickham Wickham is so handsome and good at pleasing people that Lizzie even also had feelings for him at start.Actually, he is exaggerated and avaricious, and has a life full of luxury and waste.Lydia, the favorite girl to mother, is a youngest daughter of Bennet’s family.She loves communication，and meets

a

lot of young militiamen stationed in Meriton.Certainly, Wickham is also included.She is too young to dare, and never care others' tattle and prate about the elopement with

Wickham.It seems to be an certain event reflected at their personalities.People all hold the contemptuous attitude to their marriage, in addition to her mother.But, it is really a surprise to everyone that the marriage comes such fast.Lydia fall in love, forgotten about herself, lacked of intelligence;and Wickham is driven by money even he is treacherous and cunning.But the author seems to more appreciate this marriage than the previous one, probably because this marriage is based from love to a certain extent.3.Bingley and Jane The marriage of Bentley and Jane earns not easily.They fall in love at first sight in the first party.But Bentley is not confident of this love, because of Jane's introverted temperament which emotions are not exposed on the face.Then, Bentley, with no independent, is persuaded by Darcy and his sisters to

intend

to put

down

this

feeling.After Bentley left Netherfield, Jane went to London to hope to meet him in there.But she meets his sister instead.Miss Bentley visits to her later, but do not talk the news to Bentley about the meet and never plans to tell him.Jane feels very sad after she comes back.Jane keeps silence to others, may because she has the responsibility of the eldest in family.One day after the winter, neighbors heard Bentley will go back to Netherfield soon.It’s certainly good news to Jane, because she will be related to it largely.When Lizzy told her about it, Jane strongly denies and hides, but was very happy and excited inwardly.Bentley goes to Longbourn immediately after he comes to Netherfield.The feeling is firmed on this this Bennett’s visit, although another help him to make this decision.Bentley is a very modest, acclaimed man whose personality lacks opinions and his decisions are always influenced by other people.Jane often ascribes all the people and things to the good side because of her kind-hearted and meekness.But, she is not so clever and intelligent, and lack the emotion filled with enthusiasm.Their marriage is easily interrupted by external factors, although It has the true love.The author speaks highly of this marriage that she may not be going to pursue.4.Lizzy and Darcy They have a marriage capable of evoking praises and tears.It not only breaks the senses of hierarchy, but also is a typical moving love story with path winds along mountain ridges.By all counts, the author tends to this kind of marriage which let them fall in love after knowing each other increasingly.Darcy is mature, wisdom and full of sympathy, but doesn't have the talent of

conversing easily with strangers because of his family education and personal character.Then, it let him hardly make a good first impression to others, such as mentioned in the novel, all the people in Netherfield think Darcy is a pride person.The truth will always be covering under surface.Lizzy conceives prejudices to Darcy at the beginning and against him everywhere, although she is a smart and well observing girl.What unexpected is Darcy slow begins to love Lizzy，no other than because of her incoordination.Influenced by the social values, Darcy strenuously suppresses this feeling.Before long, he leaves Netherfield.Darcy may be sure he will never meet Lizzy.Accidentally, they finally meet each other at Hednesford.At this moment, Darcy can’t control his love at all.He confidently makes a proposal of marriage, while Lizzy refuses completely.After knowing her attitude to himself, Darcy writes a long letter to her to explain the reason to persuade Bingley to leave and the conflict with Wickham.Lizzy is shocked when she has read the letter and starts slow to generate favorable impression.Darcy begin to change his pride character after being refused, as well.Then, Darcy does Bennet some great services, such as he gives money to Wickham to ask him to marry Lydia and encourages Bingley to propose to Jane.Lizzy appreciates him too much after kowning everything from her aunt.At this time, love already takes root among them.After going to Longbourn to hope Lizzy make a promise not marrying Darcy, Mrs.Catherine finds her nephew to retell Lizzy’s words and ask him to make the same promise.But her words produce a contrary effects that Darcy retrieve the confidence to propose.It is no doubt to success this time.5.Conclusion It represents four different match types, in the novel, of the four marriages between eight characters.The author expresses the most ideal match type to readers by comparing.She wishes both parties to a marriage will be intelligent and inner-directed and decide whether or not to be together each other after understanding gradually.It is a rarely good thought of author in that social background.The love story of Lizzy and Darcy has already spread all over the world.But, limited by the same background, the story writer describes can’t break away from the high society in England.After all, Darcy is a rich man whose annual income beyond 10 thousand and has more rights of free choice than average person.So, in my opinion, this love is worth praising, but is not typical.《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》書(shū)評(píng)

《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》是一部由英國(guó)女作家?jiàn)W斯丁所寫(xiě)的著名小說(shuō)。它主要講述是被認(rèn)為傲慢的達(dá)西和一開(kāi)始對(duì)他抱有偏見(jiàn)的利齊克服了種種的誤會(huì)和阻礙而終成眷屬的故事。與此同時(shí)，小說(shuō)還刻畫(huà)了十八世紀(jì)英國(guó)的風(fēng)土人情。文中，主人公們的語(yǔ)言時(shí)而幽默詼諧，時(shí)而理性深刻。故事的情節(jié)又是那么的跌宕起伏，讓讀者陷入其中，感受的人物們的悲歡離合。接下來(lái)，我主要分析的是小說(shuō)中不同人物的婚姻，以理解作者對(duì)愛(ài)情婚姻的看法。

夏洛特和柯林斯

夏洛特和利齊是親密無(wú)間的朋友，最后嫁給了當(dāng)牧師的柯林斯。這讓幾天前，剛受到柯林斯求婚的利齊無(wú)法理解，還試圖規(guī)勸自己的朋友。他們之間根本無(wú)愛(ài)情可言：對(duì)于柯林斯來(lái)說(shuō)，取一個(gè)老婆回家只是為了讓在某某地區(qū)里牧師的房子有個(gè)女主人，而且這也是凱瑟琳夫人所希望他做的；對(duì)于夏洛特來(lái)說(shuō)，嫁給一個(gè)有穩(wěn)定收入的人，只是為了以后日子會(huì)過(guò)的平穩(wěn)。利齊一直以為他們兩個(gè)不可能有幸福。然而當(dāng)去看望夏洛特時(shí)，利齊突然覺(jué)得他們這種平淡無(wú)奇的生活也許也算是一種幸福。不過(guò)，這種毫無(wú)愛(ài)情基礎(chǔ)的婚姻，在小說(shuō)中第一個(gè)出現(xiàn)，在我看來(lái)，是作者最不認(rèn)同的婚姻方式。

莉迪亞和威克姆

威克姆長(zhǎng)的英俊瀟灑，又很會(huì)討人喜歡，甚至利齊一開(kāi)始也對(duì)他有好感。但他為人浮夸、貪財(cái)，生活奢靡無(wú)度。莉迪亞是貝加特家最小的女兒，最受母親疼愛(ài)。她愛(ài)交際，結(jié)識(shí)了很多駐扎在梅里頓的民兵團(tuán)士兵，當(dāng)然也包括威克姆。她也年輕敢為，不在乎別人對(duì)于她和威克姆私奔的流言蜚語(yǔ)。他們兩人的私奔似乎是性格上的必然事件。他們的婚姻除了莉迪亞母親外，其他人都抱著鄙夷的態(tài)度。這場(chǎng)婚姻來(lái)的猝不及防，著實(shí)讓大家吃了一驚。莉迪亞愛(ài)的奮不顧身但缺乏頭腦，威克姆奸詐狡猾卻受錢(qián)財(cái)驅(qū)使。但作者對(duì)這種婚姻似乎要比前一種要贊賞一些，可能是因?yàn)檫@場(chǎng)婚姻從一定程度上來(lái)說(shuō)是出于愛(ài)情。

賓利和簡(jiǎn)

賓利與簡(jiǎn)的婚姻來(lái)之不易。在第一次的舞會(huì)上，賓利和簡(jiǎn)就一見(jiàn)鐘情。但是由于簡(jiǎn)的內(nèi)向，情感不露于形色，而使是賓利對(duì)這場(chǎng)愛(ài)情不自信。本來(lái)就沒(méi)有主見(jiàn)的賓利被達(dá)西和他姐妹們的勸阻之后，就打算隔斷與簡(jiǎn)的感情。賓利離開(kāi)內(nèi)瑟

菲爾德后，簡(jiǎn)去了趟倫敦，希望能在那里和賓利相遇，不想?yún)s遇到了他的妹妹。賓利小姐拜訪了她，但沒(méi)有把她來(lái)倫敦的消息告訴賓利，當(dāng)然也不會(huì)告知他。簡(jiǎn)回來(lái)以后很傷心，卻又沒(méi)有對(duì)別人訴說(shuō)，這可能因?yàn)槭羌抑械拈L(zhǎng)女而養(yǎng)成了一中責(zé)任感。冬天過(guò)后的某一天，左鄰右舍都聽(tīng)說(shuō)賓利要來(lái)內(nèi)瑟菲爾德。這個(gè)消息對(duì)簡(jiǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)當(dāng)然是好的，因?yàn)楹艽蟪潭壬鲜菚?huì)和她有關(guān)的。當(dāng)利齊跟她說(shuō)起這事時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)顯得非常開(kāi)心和激動(dòng)，但卻極力的否認(rèn)和掩飾。賓利到了內(nèi)瑟菲爾德后立馬就來(lái)了朗本。這次拜訪貝內(nèi)特時(shí)他明確了和簡(jiǎn)對(duì)他的愛(ài)，雖然是由別人提的醒。

賓利雖然為人非常的謙遜，待人處事也非常受人喜歡，卻沒(méi)有多少主見(jiàn)，很多事都需要?jiǎng)e人來(lái)幫他判斷；簡(jiǎn)很善良，性格溫順，把所有的人和事都往好的方面想，卻不是那么的靈動(dòng)聰穎，也沒(méi)有熱烈的情懷。他們的婚姻有愛(ài)情的基礎(chǔ)，但是卻容易被外界因素所干擾。作者無(wú)疑對(duì)這場(chǎng)婚姻很看好，卻不她所追逐的。

利齊和達(dá)西

他們的婚姻可歌可泣，不僅沖破了當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)的門(mén)楣觀念，還有著經(jīng)典動(dòng)人、峰回路轉(zhuǎn)的愛(ài)情故事。從各方面來(lái)說(shuō)，作者都是比較傾向于這種彼此之間逐漸了解而相互愛(ài)慕的婚姻。

達(dá)西成熟睿智，富有同情心，但是受家庭教育和性格的影響使他不善于輕易的和陌生人親近。這也就會(huì)讓別人對(duì)他第一印象很不好，如文中寫(xiě)的那樣，內(nèi)瑟菲爾德的人都認(rèn)為達(dá)西是個(gè)傲慢的家伙。事實(shí)總是會(huì)被表象所遮掩。利齊雖然是個(gè)聰明伶俐、善于察人的姑娘，但一開(kāi)始也對(duì)達(dá)西抱有偏見(jiàn)，處處都和他過(guò)不去。出人意料的事，正是因?yàn)槔R的處處不配合，才讓達(dá)西漸漸的對(duì)她產(chǎn)生了情愫。但達(dá)西受著社會(huì)觀念的影響，極力的壓制內(nèi)心的情感。不久，他離開(kāi)了內(nèi)瑟菲爾德。

他肯定以為再也不會(huì)見(jiàn)到利齊。陰差陽(yáng)錯(cuò)的是，他們?cè)诤嗨垢５孪嘤隽?。此時(shí)達(dá)西的情感再也抑制不住了。他跑去向利齊求婚，本以為會(huì)一帆風(fēng)順，結(jié)果卻慘遭拒絕。達(dá)西從利齊那了解了她對(duì)自己的看法。他于是寫(xiě)了一封長(zhǎng)信，解釋了自己為什么勸走賓利和跟威克姆之間的過(guò)節(jié)。利齊看到這封信之后，內(nèi)心很波動(dòng)，開(kāi)始慢慢地對(duì)達(dá)西產(chǎn)生了好感。達(dá)西被決絕后，慢慢的改掉了自己傲慢的態(tài)度。后來(lái)，他也幫了貝內(nèi)特家很大的忙，包括出錢(qián)讓威克姆娶莉迪亞和讓賓利堅(jiān)定和簡(jiǎn)的愛(ài)情。利齊從她舅媽那得知之后，對(duì)他很感激。此時(shí)，愛(ài)情早已在他們之間

生根發(fā)芽。凱瑟琳夫人來(lái)到朗本，希望利齊發(fā)誓不和達(dá)西結(jié)婚。沒(méi)有得到利齊的同意后，她又去找自己的外甥達(dá)西，并且把利齊所說(shuō)的話重說(shuō)了一邊。這反而讓達(dá)西堅(jiān)定再次向利齊求婚的信心。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這次他成功了。

總結(jié)

小說(shuō)中八個(gè)主人公的四場(chǎng)婚姻代表了四種不同的成婚類(lèi)型。作者通過(guò)它們比較向讀者展示出了自己心中最理想的婚姻模式。她希望結(jié)婚的雙方都睿智、有主見(jiàn)，不受外界因素干擾，然后相互之間逐漸了解后再?zèng)Q定是否在一起。在當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)背景下，作者能有這種思想著實(shí)難得。達(dá)西和利齊的愛(ài)情故事也因此在全世界流傳開(kāi)來(lái)。但是，也受時(shí)局所限，作者描繪的故事難脫離上層社會(huì)。達(dá)西畢竟是年收入超過(guò)萬(wàn)鎊的富翁，有著比普通人士更大的自由選擇權(quán)利。在我看來(lái)，這種愛(ài)情是值得贊揚(yáng)，但不算典型。

第二篇：傲慢與偏見(jiàn)書(shū)評(píng)

A Book Review of Pride and Prejudice

Written by Jane Austen and set at the background of leisurely countryside life in 18th and19th century, Pride and Prejudice is a classical English novel which flows in the river of human wisdom.Though it was written by an advanced female pioneer, inevitably, its defects can’t be concealed

It was the first time to compose a novel in female’s angle at that era and that enriched English literature in a fresh way.The elaborate description of local customs and practices also facilitates its vividness and variety.Both its plot and language are fine designed and corrected repetitively.The novel draws a detailed picture of four romantic love stories and eventually has a happy ending though they might be misunderstood by pride, prejudice, reserve or statues.It is acknowledged commonly that this novel is the start of a new writing style.The most controversial issue about this book is the artificial writing style and it was criticized by many writers and academicians.The plain progress, narrow theme and the limitation of the countryside life are the main shortcomings of Jane Austen’s works.As a result, Pride and Prejudice is hard to avoid being regarded as this kind of book.But one cannot deny that this is definitely a typical and great work during that period and even in human history.

第三篇：書(shū)評(píng)傲慢與偏見(jiàn)

書(shū)評(píng)：關(guān)于《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》

對(duì)于電影版的傲慢與偏見(jiàn)來(lái)說(shuō)，有許多的不足之處，人物的選擇，還有演員的體會(huì)都是個(gè)致命傷。但是在配樂(lè)和畫(huà)面上，都十分的精彩，讓人有種置身歐洲小莊園的美好感受。對(duì)于女孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的消遣。傲慢的達(dá)西先生和善良的伊麗莎白，曲曲折折的愛(ài)情之路，很是對(duì)仍然有浪漫情懷的女性的胃口。

簡(jiǎn) 奧斯丁的小說(shuō)《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》，充滿了愛(ài)情的猜疑，對(duì)于不同人物之間的描繪，都有自己的看法。一本出色的小說(shuō)，不是因?yàn)樗拿鑼?xiě)美輪美奐，不是因?yàn)樗闹鹘鞘溃膊皇且驗(yàn)樗膲?mèng)幻，而成為一本被人們稱(chēng)道的著作?！栋谅c偏見(jiàn)》雖然是篇描繪愛(ài)情的小說(shuō)，但是它卻演繹了不同人物，以及當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)和家長(zhǎng)們對(duì)婚姻的主流意識(shí)，還有少女們對(duì)愛(ài)情的渴望和狡猾。其實(shí)，這篇小說(shuō)中的許多事情，本身就是簡(jiǎn) 奧斯丁自己所經(jīng)歷過(guò)的，可以說(shuō)是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)的一種提煉，對(duì)于每個(gè)人物的心理描寫(xiě)可謂是出之有原。同時(shí)，人物刻畫(huà)的相當(dāng)飽滿也為這篇小說(shuō)添加了許多出彩的地方。

班納特家發(fā)生的事情只是社會(huì)婚姻意識(shí)的一個(gè)代表。五個(gè)女孩的個(gè)性和思想都表現(xiàn)出當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)女性的地位和思想的改變。簡(jiǎn)溫柔賢淑但人害羞，伊麗莎白活潑大方聰慧，瑪麗相貌普通學(xué)識(shí)高卻自大，凱蒂的不穩(wěn)重，還有莉迪亞舉止失禮不自知。五個(gè)女孩各有缺點(diǎn)也各有優(yōu)點(diǎn)，這些優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)最后也在一定程度上影響了她們的一生。故事主要線路就是描繪伊麗莎白和達(dá)西的這段存在著傲慢與偏見(jiàn)的愛(ài)情觀慢慢轉(zhuǎn)變，同時(shí)穿插著周?chē)渌说膼?ài)情故事使得整個(gè)故事構(gòu)成一個(gè)框架。沒(méi)有一段愛(ài)情是不曲折的，因?yàn)檎且驗(yàn)榱擞星鄣拇嬖冢藗儾艜?huì)去克服并磨合，所以故事才有了矛盾，有了內(nèi)涵。

本文以社會(huì)女性主義觀點(diǎn)切入，檢視奧斯汀的社會(huì)背景，探索社會(huì)環(huán)境如何影響女性在面臨婚姻時(shí)，內(nèi)心的焦慮與掙扎。就社會(huì)女性主義者而言，物質(zhì)環(huán)境為塑造女性婚姻意識(shí)的決定因素。事實(shí)上，婚姻，就小說(shuō)人物而言，為一個(gè)階級(jí)交換與經(jīng)濟(jì)交流的市場(chǎng)。為了達(dá)成結(jié)婚的目的，女性人物擅于把自己轉(zhuǎn)化成商品，展示其外貌與才藝，吸引男性目光。此一時(shí)期女性受到社會(huì)價(jià)值的鼓勵(lì)，利用其女性特質(zhì)來(lái)贏得婚姻伴侶。然而，奧斯汀的女性人物在面臨婚姻伴侶的抉擇時(shí)往往呈現(xiàn)對(duì)婚姻無(wú)意識(shí)的不安。同時(shí)反映了作者本人的婚姻觀：為了財(cái)產(chǎn)、金錢(qián)和地位而結(jié)婚是錯(cuò)誤的；而結(jié)婚不考慮上述因素也是愚蠢的。愛(ài)情是一條主線，然而婚姻與愛(ài)情還是有差別的，其中一點(diǎn)誠(chéng)實(shí)，男女主人公就太缺少了。正因?yàn)槿绱瞬攀沟门鹘遣话病?/p>

傲慢與偏見(jiàn)，在書(shū)中是男女主角愛(ài)情上的障礙，但在現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中也是人們相互之間交流的障礙，更是在正確對(duì)待自己，對(duì)待事物上的絆腳石。人的缺陷太多，首先是心靈上的陷阱。要想在一生中成一番事業(yè)，無(wú)論是知識(shí)、教養(yǎng)、還是愛(ài)情、事業(yè)，都需要同自己心靈的種種淺浮的陷阱或陰影做斗爭(zhēng)，經(jīng)過(guò)各種誤解和長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的反復(fù)的認(rèn)識(shí)過(guò)程，慢慢由心靈克服各自弱點(diǎn)和毛病，而走向開(kāi)放、灑脫、自由的必然結(jié)果。人與人之間的摩擦，也同主人公之間一樣，有一個(gè)磨合的過(guò)程。

第四篇：《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》書(shū)評(píng)

《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》書(shū)評(píng)

在奧斯汀創(chuàng)作的《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》中，女主人公伊麗莎白出身于小地主家庭，為富豪子弟達(dá)西所熱愛(ài)。達(dá)西不顧門(mén)第和財(cái)富的差距，向她求婚，卻遭到拒絕。伊麗莎白對(duì)他的誤會(huì)和偏見(jiàn)是一個(gè)原因，但主要的是她討厭達(dá)西的傲慢。因?yàn)檫_(dá)西的這種傲慢實(shí)際上是地位差異的反映，只要存在這種傲慢，他與伊麗莎白之間就不可能有共同的思想感情，也不可能有理想的婚姻。以后伊麗莎白親眼觀察了達(dá)西的為人處世和一系列所作所為，特別是看到他改變了過(guò)去那種驕傲自負(fù)的神態(tài)，消除了對(duì)他的誤會(huì)和偏見(jiàn)，從而與他締結(jié)了美滿姻緣。伊麗莎白對(duì)達(dá)西先后兩次求婚的不同態(tài)度，實(shí)際上反映了女性對(duì)人格獨(dú)立和平等權(quán)利de追求。這是伊麗莎白這一人物形象的進(jìn)步意義。

此外，奧斯汀還寫(xiě)了伊麗莎白的幾個(gè)姐妹和女友的婚事，這些都是陪襯，用來(lái)與女主人公理想的婚姻相對(duì)照。如夏洛特和柯林斯盡管婚后過(guò)著舒適的物質(zhì)生活，但他們之間沒(méi)有愛(ài)情，這種婚姻實(shí)際上是掩蓋在華麗外衣下的社會(huì)悲劇。

《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》盡管題材比較狹窄，故事相當(dāng)平淡，情節(jié)缺乏曲折豐富性，對(duì)人物心理和社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)高度的描寫(xiě)也不足。但不同于大多數(shù)書(shū)都是從男性的角度看世界，《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》充滿了女性思想色彩，包括世界觀和生活方式，而且也充分地反應(yīng)當(dāng)時(shí)時(shí)代的風(fēng)貌。加上奧斯汀善于在日常平凡事物中塑造鮮明的人物形象，不論是伊麗莎白和達(dá)西那種作者認(rèn)為值得肯定的人物，還是威肯和柯林斯這類(lèi)遭到諷刺挖苦的對(duì)象，都寫(xiě)得真實(shí)動(dòng)人。同時(shí)，奧斯丁的語(yǔ)言是經(jīng)過(guò)錘煉的，她在對(duì)話藝術(shù)上講究幽默與諷刺，常以風(fēng)趣詼諧的語(yǔ)言來(lái)烘托人物的性格特征。這種藝術(shù)創(chuàng)新使她的作品具有自己的特色。

第五篇：傲慢與偏見(jiàn) 書(shū)評(píng)

成為簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀

簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀常被二十世紀(jì)的文學(xué)評(píng)論家們和文學(xué)史家們譽(yù)為真正偉大的英國(guó)小說(shuō)家，因?yàn)樗褂?guó)小說(shuō)更臻完美，因此她的小說(shuō)是最具經(jīng)典意義的小說(shuō)。難怪愛(ài)爾蘭文學(xué)家、著名作家和文學(xué)評(píng)論家弗蘭克·奧康瑙爾說(shuō)：“我認(rèn)為簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀是最偉大的小說(shuō)家。絕對(duì)是最偉大的!”他還認(rèn)為奧斯汀是“英國(guó)文學(xué)最偉大的技巧巨匠之一，她在文學(xué)方面爐火純青就像莫扎特在音樂(lè)方面完美無(wú)缺一樣?！逼鋵?shí)，奧斯汀之所以成為十九世紀(jì)最杰出的小說(shuō)家之一，不僅只是因?yàn)樗≌f(shuō)天衣無(wú)縫的結(jié)構(gòu)和精湛精確的刻畫(huà)技巧，而且也是因?yàn)樗男≌f(shuō)有著深刻豐富的思想內(nèi)容和在英國(guó)文學(xué)史上的開(kāi)創(chuàng)性意義。正如英國(guó)文學(xué)評(píng)論家W．F．波洛克所說(shuō)，“她向小說(shuō)家們表明并且開(kāi)發(fā)了無(wú)處不在的日常生活表面現(xiàn)象下的取之不盡用之不竭的寶藏”，因此，“所有后來(lái)的小說(shuō)家們都無(wú)限感激奧斯汀小姐?！眾W斯汀所著六部小說(shuō)，在近一百八十年里，不僅成為世界學(xué)者專(zhuān)家研究的熱門(mén)課題，好評(píng)如潮，而且也是一代代各國(guó)讀者爭(zhēng)相傳讀的經(jīng)典名著，經(jīng)久不衰。尤其是她的代表作《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》，不僅是英國(guó)文苑的奇葩，也是世界文庫(kù)的珍品，被英國(guó)著名小說(shuō)家和戲劇家毛姆列為世界十大小說(shuō)經(jīng)典名著之一。

簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀出生在英國(guó)南部漢普郡一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村牧師家里，未進(jìn)過(guò)正規(guī)學(xué)校，在家里由父母指導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)，終身未婚，四十二歲時(shí)與世長(zhǎng)辭。奧斯汀十二三歲時(shí)就開(kāi)始創(chuàng)作故事、戲劇和小小說(shuō)。一七九五年她開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作《埃莉諾與馬里納》，這就是她后來(lái)發(fā)表的第一部小說(shuō)《理智與感情》的雛形。一年以后，一七九六年她開(kāi)始創(chuàng)作《初次印象》。一七九七年《初次印象》完成后，未能出版。這部小說(shuō)后經(jīng)作者修改更名為《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》，于一八一三年一月在倫敦問(wèn)世，這是她發(fā)表的第二部小說(shuō)。奧斯汀生長(zhǎng)在十八世紀(jì)末十九世紀(jì)初封建保守勢(shì)力相當(dāng)強(qiáng)大的英國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村。在這樣的時(shí)代中，婦女只能在其所生長(zhǎng)的階層的圈子中生活，社會(huì)習(xí)俗禁止她們?cè)谏鐣?huì)的任何其他領(lǐng)域里活動(dòng)。奧斯汀出身英國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭，與之交往的都是鄉(xiāng)間那些鄉(xiāng)紳貴族的紳士淑女，生活圈子自然十分狹小。奧斯汀就在這樣狹小的天地里觀察、研究和創(chuàng)作。雖說(shuō)：“在鄉(xiāng)下一帶地方，你是在一個(gè)非常狹小而又一成不變的社會(huì)里活動(dòng)?！薄班l(xiāng)下能為這樣的研究提供的對(duì)象一般是很少的。”“可是人本身是經(jīng)常不斷變化的，在他們身上永遠(yuǎn)都可以觀察到一些新的東西?！眾W斯汀就以她特有的敏銳洞察力觀察著她所處的社會(huì)和她身邊的人與事，研究各種人的性格及其變化。在這樣的觀察研究中，奧斯汀最關(guān)注的是婦女的命運(yùn)。在奧斯汀所處的當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)里，一般婦女除了當(dāng)老處女和家庭教師外，別的惟一出路就是嫁人。嫁一戶有錢(qián)有地位的體面人家，就成了一個(gè)年輕小姐得到并保持可靠社會(huì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的理想途徑。尤其是那些“一般財(cái)產(chǎn)不多，教養(yǎng)有素的青年女子，都是把結(jié)婚當(dāng)作惟一一條未雨綢繆的體面出路，不管如何心中無(wú)數(shù)，幸福難卜，結(jié)婚成家都是她們最可心合意的避風(fēng)港，預(yù)防她們以后不致缺衣少食?！币虼耍A得一位理想的丈夫似乎就是奧斯汀小說(shuō)中那些年輕小姐們的人生惟一目標(biāo)，而她們?yōu)檫_(dá)到這一目標(biāo)不斷地進(jìn)行著有形無(wú)形的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。奧斯汀的小說(shuō)都是圍繞著鄉(xiāng)紳貴族紳士淑女的戀愛(ài)求婚、男婚女嫁的錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的情節(jié)來(lái)展開(kāi)的。作者通過(guò)這些情節(jié)，用細(xì)膩的筆觸深刻剖析作品中人物的心理，展示他們的道德品質(zhì)，表現(xiàn)作者關(guān)于人生、特別是婚姻的道德觀。她批判當(dāng)時(shí)大多數(shù)聯(lián)姻的方式，而且她小說(shuō)中的大多數(shù)婚姻都是有缺陷的。但她同時(shí)通過(guò)她的故事告訴讀者，理想的婚姻是可能的。這種理想婚姻的主要品質(zhì)，除了女方花容月貌天生麗質(zhì)、男方英俊瀟灑一表人才之外，就是彼此了解，情投意合，心心相印，自由平等，互敬互惠，它將對(duì)彼此的熾烈愛(ài)情融合在穩(wěn)定融洽、相互促進(jìn)的家庭關(guān)系之中，所以她小說(shuō)的所有女主人公都是為真正的愛(ài)情而結(jié)婚，而不是為終身有靠而草草茍合。

她通過(guò)《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》中貝內(nèi)特小姐的口說(shuō)：“沒(méi)有愛(ài)情千萬(wàn)不要結(jié)婚。”她批判那種惟利是圖的金錢(qián)婚姻，但她并不把金錢(qián)與愛(ài)情絕對(duì)分開(kāi)，而且顯示金錢(qián)在確立穩(wěn)固的理想婚姻中起著決定性的作用。正如《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》開(kāi)宗明義的第一句話所幽默指出的：“一個(gè)家財(cái)萬(wàn)貫的單身漢，必定需要一位太太，這是一條舉世公認(rèn)的真理?！眾W斯汀在《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》這部小說(shuō)里最仔細(xì)審慎地剖析描述了紳士淑女戀愛(ài)求婚的全過(guò)程，并全面透徹地說(shuō)明了她所謂的理想婚姻的各種基礎(chǔ)。奧斯汀在《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》中主要寫(xiě)了四樁婚姻，這四條線在小說(shuō)中錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜地交織在一起，“誤會(huì)”百出，沖突迭起，疑竇叢生，時(shí)而撲朔迷離，時(shí)而山窮水盡，時(shí)而峰回路轉(zhuǎn)，時(shí)而柳暗花明。加上作者那種幽默客觀的描述、富于喜劇色彩的反諷手法，真叫人忍俊不禁，一旦開(kāi)卷，就無(wú)法釋手。無(wú)怪乎《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》一直被認(rèn)為是奧斯汀小說(shuō)中最令人開(kāi)懷大笑和最引入入勝的一部。奧斯汀在研究她所處的社會(huì)時(shí)，明顯地表現(xiàn)出對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)的不滿，正如她通過(guò)伊麗莎白的口所說(shuō)的：“世事經(jīng)歷得越多，我就越發(fā)對(duì)這個(gè)世界不滿。世人都是反復(fù)無(wú)常的，那種表面的優(yōu)點(diǎn)或見(jiàn)識(shí)是很不可靠的。日復(fù)一日，我的這種信念更加堅(jiān)定。”于是她就拿起反諷和喜劇這兩種有力的藝術(shù)武器來(lái)批判那些不合理的傳統(tǒng)道德觀念和鄉(xiāng)紳貴族階層的保守人物，揭露他們的虛偽，嘲弄他們的愚蠢。正如她所說(shuō)的：“我承認(rèn)，愚蠢的行為、荒謬的事情、異想天開(kāi)的古怪念頭、前后矛盾的言行，都使我覺(jué)得好笑，只要有可能，我就要嘲笑它們?！彼凇栋谅c偏見(jiàn)》中正是這樣做的，而且取得了極大的成功。正如奧康瑙爾所說(shuō)，奧斯汀是位“最杰出的道德家，她總是通過(guò)小說(shuō)來(lái)教育讀者，而且她教導(dǎo)的方式是謹(jǐn)慎而周到的”。她在小說(shuō)中從不說(shuō)教，而總是寓教于諷，寓教于樂(lè)，讓讀者從作品那些滑稽可笑人物的自相矛盾、荒謬可笑的言談舉止和適得其反的行為中得到樂(lè)趣與啟迪。

我相信，廣大的讀者已經(jīng)認(rèn)定《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》是奧斯汀的杰作，我認(rèn)為他們的評(píng)價(jià)是很中肯的。使一部作品成為經(jīng)典名著的，不是評(píng)論家們的交口贊譽(yù)、教授們的闡述研究、用作學(xué)校里的教科書(shū)，而是使一代又一代的眾多讀者在閱讀這部作品中得到的愉悅，受到啟迪，深受教益。我個(gè)人認(rèn)為，《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》總體來(lái)說(shuō)，是所有小說(shuō)中最令人滿意的一部作品。

天津師范大學(xué)文學(xué)院

2010級(jí)漢語(yǔ)言文學(xué)

劉振宇