第一篇：簡述硅太陽能電池組件的分類

簡述硅太陽能電池組件的分類

太陽能電池組件即多個單體太陽能電池互聯(lián)封裝成為組件。它是具有外部封裝及內(nèi)部連接、能單獨提供直流電輸出的最小不可分割的太陽能電池組合裝置。單個太陽能電池往往因為輸出電壓太低，輸出電流不合適，晶體硅電池本身又比較脆，難以獨立抵御外界惡劣條件。因而在實際使用中需要把單體太陽能電池進行串、并聯(lián)。并加以封裝，接觸外連電線，成為可以獨立作為光伏電源使用的太陽能電池組件。也稱光伏組件。

硅太陽能電池可分為：單晶硅太陽能電池、多晶硅薄膜太陽能電池、非晶硅薄膜太陽能電池。這三大類。下面且看江蘇啟瀾激光科技有限公司為你意義分解硅太陽能電池組件的區(qū)別和作用。

單晶硅太陽能電池，是以高純的單晶硅棒為原料的太陽能電池，其轉換效率最高，技術也最為成熟。高性能單晶硅電池是建立在高質(zhì)量單晶硅材料和相關的熱加工處理工藝基礎上。

非晶硅薄膜太陽能電池所采用的硅為a-Si。其基本結構不是pn結而是pin結。摻硼形成p區(qū)，摻磷形成n區(qū)，i為非雜質(zhì)或輕摻雜的本征層。

突出特點：材料和制造工藝成本低；制作工藝為低溫工藝（100-300℃），耗能較低；易于形成大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)能力，生產(chǎn)可全流程自動化；品種多，用途廣。

存在問題：光學帶隙為1.7eV→對長波區(qū)域不敏感→轉換效率低；光致衰退效應：光電效率隨著光照時間的延續(xù)而衰減；解決途徑：制備疊層太陽能電池，即在制備的p-i-n單結太陽能電池上再沉一個或多個p-i-n子電池制得；生產(chǎn)方法：反應濺射法、PECVD法、LPCVD法；反應氣體： H2稀釋的SiH4；襯底材料：玻璃、不銹鋼等。

多晶硅薄膜太陽電池是將多晶硅薄膜生長在低成本的襯底材料上，用相對薄的晶體硅層作為太陽電池的激活層，不僅保持了晶體硅太陽電池的高性能和穩(wěn)定性，而且材料的用量大幅度下降，明顯地降低了電池成本。多晶硅薄膜太陽電池的工作原理與其它太陽電池一樣，是基于太陽光與半導體材料的作用而形成光伏效應。

常用制備方法：低壓化學氣相沉積法（LPCVD）；等離子增強化學氣相沉積（PECV）液相外延法（LPPE）；濺射沉積法；反應氣體SiH2Cl2、SiHCl3、SiCl4或SiH4；↓（一定保護氣氛下）

多晶硅薄膜電池由于所使用的硅較單晶硅少，又無效率衰退問題，并且有可能在廉價襯底材料上制備，其成本遠低于單晶硅電池，而效率高于非晶硅薄膜電池，因此，多晶硅薄膜電池不久將會在太陽能電地市場上占據(jù)主導地位。

第二篇：晶硅太陽能電池組件—背板材料 產(chǎn)品技術 原材料 測試方法及質(zhì)量問題

Chemical treatment of crystalline silicon solar cells as a method of recovering pure silicon from photovoltaic modules Renewable Energy

Photovoltaic technology is used worldwide to provide reliable and cost-effective electricity for industrial, commercial, residential and community applications.The average lifetime of PV modules can be expected to be more than 25 years.The disposal of PV systems will become a problem in view of the continually increasing production of PV modules.These can be recycled for about the same cost as their disposal.Photovoltaic modules in crystalline silicon solar cells are made from the following elements, in order of mass: glass, aluminium frame, EVA copolymer transparent hermetising layer, photovoltaic cells, installation box, Tedlar protective foil and assembly bolts.From an economic point of view, taking into account the price and supply level, pure silicon, which can be recycled from PV cells, is the most valuable construction material used.?Recovering pure silicon from damaged or end-of-life PV modules can lead to economic and environmental benefits.Because of the high quality requirement for the recovered silicon, chemical processing is the most important stage of the recycling process.The chemical treatment conditions need to be precisely adjusted in order to achieve the required purity level of the recovered silicon.For PV systems based on crystalline silicon, a series of etching processes was carried out as follows: etching of electric connectors, anti-reflective coating and n-p junction.The chemistry of etching solutions was individually adjusted for the different silicon cell types.Efforts were made to formulate a universal composition for the etching solution.The principal task at this point was to optimise the etching temperature, time and alkali concentration in such a way that only as much silicon was removed as necessary.Engineering, institutions, and the public interest: Evaluating product quality in the Kenyan solar photovoltaics industry Energy Policy

Solar sales in Kenya are among the highest per capita among developing countries.While this commercial success makes the Kenya market a global leader, product quality problems have been a persistent concern.In this paper, we report performance test results from 2004 to 2005 for five brands of amorphous silicon(a-Si)photovoltaic(PV)modules sold in the Kenya market.Three of the five brands performed well, but two performed well below their advertised levels.These results support previous work indicating that high-quality a-Si PV modules are a good economic value.The presence of the low performing brands, however, confirms a need for market institutions that ensure the quality of all products sold in the market.Prior work from 1999 indicated a similar quality pattern among brands.This confirms the persistent nature of the problem, and the need for vigilant, long-term approaches to quality assurance for solar markets in Kenya and elsewhere.Following the release of our 2004/2005 test results in Kenya, the Kenya Bureau of Standards moved to implement and enforce performance standards for both amorphous and crystalline silicon PV modules.This appears to represent a positive step towards the institutionalization of quality assurance for products in the Kenya solar market.Electrical performance results from physical stress testing of commercial PV modules to the IEC 61215 test sequence Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

This paper presents statistical analysis of the behaviour of the electrical performance of commercial crystalline silicon photovoltaic(PV)modules tested in the Solar Test Installation of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre from 1990 up to 2006 to the IEC Standard 61215 and its direct predecessor CEC Specification 503.A strong correlation between different test results was not observed, indicating that the standard is a set of different, generally independent stress factors.The results confirm the appropriateness of the testing scheme to reveal different module design problems related rather to the production quality control than material weakness in commercial PV modules.Efficiency model for photovoltaic modules and demonstration of its application to energy yield estimation

A new method has been proposed [W.Durisch, K.H.Lam, J.Close, Behaviour of a copper indium gallium diselenide module under real operating conditions, in: Proceedings of the World Renewable Energy Congress VII, Pergamon Press, Oxford, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2002, ISBN 0-08-044079-7] for the calculation of the annual yield of photovoltaic(PV)modules at selected sites, using site-specific meteorological data.These yields are indispensable for calculating the expected cost of electricity generation for different modules, thus allowing the type of module to be selected with the highest yield-to-cost ratio for a specific installation site.The efficiency model developed and used for calculating the yields takes three independent variables into account: cell temperature, solar irradiance and relative air mass.Open parameters of the model for a selected module are obtained from current/voltage(I/V)characteristics, measured outdoors at Paul Scherrer Institute's test facility under real operating conditions.From the model, cell and module efficiencies can be calculated under all relevant operating conditions.Yield calculations were performed for five commercial modules(BP Solar BP 585 F, Kyocera LA361K54S, Uni-Solar UPM-US-30, Siemens CIS ST40 and Wuerth WS11003)for a sunny site in Jordan(Al Qawairah)for which reliable measured meteorological data are available.These represent mono-crystalline, poly-crystalline and amorphous silicon as well as with copper–indium-diselenide, CuInSe2 PV modules.The annual yield for these modules will be presented and discussed.Experimental validation of crystalline silicon solar cells recycling by thermal and chemical methods

In recent years, photovoltaic power generation systems have been gaining unprecedented attention as an environmentally beneficial method for solving the energy problem.From the economic point of view pure silicon, which can be recovered from spent cells, is the most important material owing to its cost and limited supply.The article presents a chemical method for recycling spent or damaged modules and cells, and the results of its experimental validation.The recycling of PV cells consists of two main steps: the separation of cells and their refinement.Cells are first separated thermally or chemically;the separated cells are then refined.During this process the antireflection, metal coating and p–n junction layers are removed in order to recover the silicon base, ready for its next use.This refinement step was performed using an optimised chemical method.Silicon wafers were examined with an environmental scanning electron microscope(ESEM)coupled to an EDX spectrometer.The silicon wafers were used for producing new silicon solar cells, which were then examined and characterized with internal spectral response and current–voltage characteristics.The new cells, despite the fact that they have no SiNx antireflective coating, have a very good efficiency of 13–15%.The impact of silicon feedstock on the PV module cost

The impact of the use of new(solar grade)silicon feedstock materials on the manufacturing cost of wafer-based crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules is analyzed considering effects of material cost, efficiency of utilisation, and quality.Calculations based on data provided by European industry partners are presented for a baseline manufacturing technology and for four advanced wafer silicon technologies which may be ready for industrial implementation in the near future.Iso-cost curves show the technology parameter combinations that yield a constant total module cost for varying feedstock cost, silicon utilisation, and cell efficiency.A large variation of feedstock cost for different production processes, from near semiconductor grade Si(30 €/kg)to upgraded metallurgical grade Si(10 €/kg), changes the cost of crystalline silicon modules by 11% for present module technologies or by 7% for advanced technologies, if the cell efficiency can be maintained.However, this cost advantage is completely lost if cell efficiency is reduced, due to quality degradation, by an absolute 1.7% for present module technology or by an absolute 1.3% for advanced technologies.Thin-film monocrystalline-silicon solar cells made by a seed layer approach on glass-ceramic substrates

Solar modules made from thin-film crystalline-silicon layers of high quality on glass substrates could lower the price of photovoltaic electricity substantially.One way to create crystalline-silicon thin films on non-silicon substrates is to use the so-called “seed layer approach”, in which a thin crystalline-silicon seed layer is first created, followed by epitaxial thickening of this seed layer.In this paper, we present the first solar cell results obtained on 10-μm-thick monocrystalline-silicon(mono-Si)layers obtained by a seed layer approach on transparent glass-ceramic substrates.The seed layers were made using implant-induced separation and anodic bonding.These layers were then epitaxially thickened by thermal CVD.Simple solar cell structures without integrated light trapping features showed efficiencies of up to 7.5%.Compared to polycrystalline-silicon layers made by aluminum-induced crystallization of amorphous silicon and thermal CVD, the mono-Si layers have a much higher bulk diffusion lifetime.Waved glass: Towards optimal light distribution on solar cell surfaces for high efficient modules

A method to improve the module efficiency of solar cells by modifying the surface of the glass cover of the solar cells module is proposed.A model is built to show that a better efficiency can be achieved by optimizing the light distribution on the cell, which reduces the shadow losses and thereby allows the finger spacing to be decreased, which in turn decreases the(resistive)ohmic losses.This method is illustrated by considering industrial crystalline silicon solar cells as an example, however, it applies to all solar cells that are characterized by a metallization pattern on the surface of the solar cell.It is estimated that this method can improve the relative module efficiency by about 5% and halve the front side losses.Analysis of series resistance of crystalline silicon solar cell with two-layer front metallization based on light-induced plating

Improving the front metallization quality of silicon solar cells should be a key to enhance cell performance.In this work, we investigated a two-layer metallization scheme involving light-induced plating(LIP)and tried to quantify its impact on the series resistance of the front grid metals and FFs on finished cells.To estimate the effect of LIP processing on a printed and fired seed layer, individual components of series resistance were measured before and after LIP processing.Among them, grid resistance and contact resistance were closely observed because of their large contribution to series resistance.To optimize the plating on the seed metal grid, the grid resistance of the two-layer metal grid structure was calculated as a function of cross section area of the plated layer.Contact resistivity of the grid before and after LIP processing was analyzed to understand the contact resistance reduction, as well.As a result, the efficiency of solar cells with 80 μm seed metal grid width increased by 0.3% absolute compared with conventional solar cells of 120 μm metal grid width.The total area of electrodes in conventional cells was 1800 mm and electrodes area of LIP processed solar cells was 1400 mm.The efficiency gain was due to reduction of shadowing loss from 7.7% to 6.0% without the increase of resistance due to two-layer front metallization.22Simulation of hetero-junction silicon solar cells with AMPS-1D

Mono-and poly-crystalline silicon solar cell modules currently represent between 80% and 90% of the PV world market.The reasons are the stability, robustness and reliability of this kind of solar cells as compared to those of emerging technologies.Then, in the mid-term, silicon solar cells will continue playing an important role for their massive terrestrial application.One important approach is the development of silicon solar cells processed at low temperatures(less than 300 °C)by depositing amorphous silicon layers with the purpose of passivating the silicon surface, and avoiding the degradation suffered by silicon when processed at temperatures above 800 °C.This kind of solar cells is known as HIT cells(hetero-junction with an intrinsic thin amorphous layer)and are already produced commercially(Sanyo Ltd.), reaching efficiencies above 20%.In this work, HIT solar cells are simulated by means of AMPS-1D, which is a program developed at Pennsylvania State University.We shall discuss the modifications required by AMPS-1D for simulating this kind of structures since this program explicitly does not take into account interfaces with high interfacial density of states as occurs at amorphous-crystalline silicon hetero-junctions.太陽能硅電池的軟件仿真設計與制造

Mapping the performance of PV modules, effects of module type and data averaging 統(tǒng)計實驗與數(shù)據(jù)收集處理：太陽能發(fā)電電池背板組件模塊的效用與背板材料開發(fā)方向選取

Solar Energy A method is presented for estimating the energy yield of photovoltaic(PV)modules at arbitrary locations in a large geographical area.The method applies a mathematical model for the energy performance of PV modules as a function of in-plane irradiance and module temperature and combines this with solar irradiation estimates from satellite data and ambient temperature values from ground station measurements.The method is applied to three different PV technologies: crystalline silicon, CuInSe2 and CdTe based thin-film technology in order to map their performance in fixed installations across most of Europe and to identify and quantify regional performance factors.It is found that there is a clear technology dependence of the geographical variation in PV performance.It is also shown that using long-term average values of irradiance and temperature leads to a systematic positive bias in the results of up to 3%.It is suggested to use joint probability density functions of temperature and irradiance to overcome this bias.Outdoor performance evaluation of photovoltaic modules using contour plots 戶外太陽能電池背板發(fā)電效果/轉化率評估評價 Current Applied Physics

The impact of environmental parameters on different types of Si-based photovoltaic(PV)modules(single crystalline Si(sc-Si), amorphous Si(a-Si)and a-Si/ microcrystalline Si(μc-Si))which have different spectral responses were characterized using contour plots.The contour plots of PV performance as a function of module temperature and spectral irradiance distribution were created to separate the impact of the two environmental parameters.The performance of the sc-Si PV module was dominated by the module temperature while those of a-Si and a-Si/μc-Si ones were mainly influenced by the spectral irradiance distribution.Furthermore, the frequency of outdoor conditions and the reliability of the contour plots of the PV performance were discussed for the evaluation of PV modules by means of energy production.最新應用物理學學報

Solar photovoltaic charging of lithium-ion batteries 太陽能——鋰電池充電器

Power Sources Solar photovoltaic(PV)charging of batteries was tested by using high efficiency crystalline and amorphous silicon PV modules to recharge lithium-ion battery modules.This testing was performed as a proof of concept for solar PV charging of batteries for electrically powered vehicles.The iron phosphate type lithium-ion batteries were safely charged to their maximum capacity and the thermal hazards associated with overcharging were avoided by the self-regulating design of the solar charging system.The solar energy to battery charge conversion efficiency reached 14.5%, including a PV system efficiency of nearly 15%, and a battery charging efficiency of approximately 100%.This high system efficiency was achieved by directly charging the battery from the PV system with no intervening electronics, and matching the PV maximum power point voltage to the battery charging voltage at the desired maximum state of charge for the battery.It is envisioned that individual homeowners could charge electric and extended-range electric vehicles from residential, roof-mounted solar arrays, and thus power their daily commuting with clean, renewable solar energy.Selective ablation with UV lasers of a-Si:H thin film solar cells in direct scribing configuration

材料配比方案與實驗選擇配置方法

Applied Surface Science 應用表面材料科學學報

Monolithical series connection of silicon thin-film solar cells modules performed by laser scribing plays a very important role in the entire production of these devices.In the current laser process interconnection the two last steps are developed for a configuration of modules where the glass is essential as transparent substrate.In addition, the change of wavelength in the employed laser sources is sometimes enforced due to the nature of the different materials of the multilayer structure which make up the device.The aim of this work is to characterize the laser patterning involved in the monolithic interconnection process in a different configuration of processing than the usually performed with visible laser sources.To carry out this study, we use nanosecond and picosecond laser sources working at 355 nm of wavelength in order to achieve the selective ablation of the material from the film side.To assess this selective removal of material has been used EDX(Energy Dispersive Using X-Ray)analysis, electrical measurements and confocal profiles.In order to evaluate the damage in the silicon layer, Raman spectroscopy has been used for the last laser process step.Raman spectra gives information about the heat affected zone in the amorphous silicon structure through the crystalline fraction calculation.The use of ultrafast sources, such as picoseconds lasers, coupled with UV wavelength gives the possibility to consider materials and substrates different than currently used, making the process more efficient and easy to implement in production lines.This approach with UV laser sources working from the film side offers no restriction in the choice of materials which make up the devices and the possibility to opt for opaque substrates.Keywords: laser scribing;selective ablation;a-Si:H.Use of digital image correlation technique to determine thermomechanical deformations in photovoltaic laminates: Measurements and accuracy 數(shù)字化圖像匹配技術在太陽能材料評估實驗中的應用：決策準確性的提高

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 太陽能材料與電磁學報

An experimental technique to measure the deformation of solar cells in transparent PV modules is presented.This method uses the digital image correlation technique with a stereo camera system.Deformations resulting from thermal loading, where rather small deformations occur compared to tensile or bending experiments, are measured by viewing through the window of a climate chamber.We apply this method to measure the thermomechanical deformation of the gap between two crystalline silicon solar cells by viewing through the transparent back sheet of the laminate.Two PV laminates are prepared, each with three crystalline silicon solar cells that are embedded in transparent polymer sheets on a glass substrate.The first laminate(A)contains non-interconnected cells while the second laminate consists of a standard-interconnected cell string(B).We find the gap between two solar cells to deform 66.3±2 μm between 79.6 and ?17.3 °C(laminate A)and 66.4±2 μm(laminate B)between 84.4 and ?39.1 °C.We determine an accuracy of 1 μm in displacement for the gap experiment by measuring free expansion of a copper strip and averaging displacement values over regions with homogeneous deformation.Furthermore, the relative error contribution in strain due to the optical influence of the layers on top of the object surface is less than 1×10 for one camera.This is proven by a geometrical consideration.?6Nanostructure, electrical and optical properties of p-type hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon films

太陽能發(fā)電產(chǎn)氫系統(tǒng)應用中，硅薄膜/貼膜的特性、形態(tài)及其性能優(yōu)化

Vacuum In this paper, p-type hydrogenated nanocrystalline(nc-Si:H)films were prepared on corning 7059 glass by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD)system.The films were deposited with radio frequency(RF)(13.56 MHz)power and direct current(DC)biases stimulation conditions.Borane(B2H6)was a doping agent, and the flow ratio η of B2H6 component to silane(SiH4)was varied in the experimental.Films’ surface morphology was investigated with atomic force microscopy(AFM);Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction(XRD)was performed to study the crystalline volume fraction Xc and crystalline size d in films.The electrical and optical properties were gained by Keithly 617 programmable electrometer and ultraviolet-visible(UV-VIS)transmission spectra, respectively.It was found that: there are on the film surface many faulty grains, which formed spike-like clusters;increasing the flow ratio η, crystalline volume fraction Xc decreased from 40.4 % to 32.0 % and crystalline size d decreased from 4.7 to 2.7nm;the optical band gap Eg increased from 2.16 to 2.4eV.The electrical properties of p-type nc-Si:H films are affected by annealing treatment and the reaction pressure.opt

第三篇：太陽能電池組件生產(chǎn)流程之組件裝框

太陽能電池組件生產(chǎn)流程之組件裝框

準備工作

1．工作時必穿工作衣、鞋，戴工作帽。

2．做好工藝衛(wèi)生，清潔整理臺面，創(chuàng)造清潔有序的裝框環(huán)境。

所需材料、工具和設備

1、層壓好的電池組件

2、鋁邊框

3、硅膠

4、酒精

6、擦膠紙

7、接線盒

8、氣動膠槍

9、橡膠錘

10、裝框機

11、剪刀

12、鑷子

13、抹布

14、小一字起

15、卷尺

16、角尺

17、工具臺

18、預裝臺

操作程序

1．按照圖紙選擇相對應的材料，鋁型材，并對其檢驗，篩選出不符合要求的鋁型材，將其擺放到指定位置；

2．對層壓完畢的電池組件進行表面清洗，同時對上道工序進行檢查，不合格的返回上道工序返工； 3．用螺絲釘（素材將長型材和短型材作直角連接，拼縫小于0.5mm）將邊型材和E型材作直角連結，并保證接縫處平整；

4．在鋁合金外框的凹槽中均勻地注入適量的硅膠； 5．將組件嵌入已注入硅膠的鋁邊框內(nèi)，并壓實；

6．將組件移至裝框機上（緊靠一邊，關閉氣動閥，將其固定）；

7．用螺釘（素材）將鋁邊框其余兩角固定，并調(diào)整玻璃與邊框之間的距離以及邊框?qū)蔷€長度；

8．用補膠槍對正面縫隙處均勻地補膠； 9．除去組件表面溢出的硅膠，并進行清洗； 10．打開氣動閥，翻轉組件，然后將組件固定；

11．用適當?shù)牧Π磯篢PT四角，使玻璃面緊貼鋁合金邊框內(nèi)壁，按壓過程中注意TPT表面

12．用補膠槍對組件背面縫隙處進行補膠（四周全補）；

13．按圖紙要求將接線盒用硅膠固定在組件背面，并檢查二極管是否接反； 14．對裝框完畢的組件進行自檢（有無漏補、氣泡或縫隙）；

15．符合要求后在“工藝流程單”上做好紀錄，將組件放置在指定區(qū)域，流入下道工序。

質(zhì)量要求

1．鋁合金框兩條對角線小于1m的誤差要求小于2mm，大于等于1m的誤差小于3mm； 2．外框安裝平整、挺直、無劃傷； 3．組件內(nèi)電池片與邊框間距相等； 4．鋁邊框與硅膠結合出無可視縫隙；

5．接線盒內(nèi)引線根部必須用硅膠密封、接線盒無破裂、隱裂、配件齊全、線盒底部硅膠厚度1~2毫米，接線盒位置準確，與四邊平行； 6．組件鋁合金邊框背面接縫處高度落差小于0.5mm； 7．組件鋁合金邊框背面接縫處縫隙小于1mm；

8．鋁合金邊框四個安裝孔孔間距的尺寸允許偏差±0.5mm。

注意事項

1．輕拿輕放抬未裝框組件是注意不要碰到組件的四角。2.注意手要保持清潔

3．將已裝入鋁框內(nèi)的組件從周轉臺抬到裝框機上時應扶住四角，防止組件從框內(nèi)滑落。

第四篇：太陽能電池組件焊接工藝書

目的：了解電池片單片和串聯(lián)的焊接工序操作流程 范圍： 本作業(yè)指導書適用于電池片單片和串聯(lián)的焊接工序操作流程、相關操作方法及注意事項。所需設備及輔助工具：

單片：簡易工裝，恒溫電烙鐵，焊接臺，指套。串聯(lián)：恒溫電烙鐵，轉接模板，焊接模板，指套。工作焊接臺的準備：

1.清潔工作臺面，保持環(huán)境衛(wèi)生，防止電池片污染 2.設定電烙鐵到相應需要的溫度，每次使用和更換電烙鐵頭前都要測量其溫度，然后每隔四小時測量一次，并記錄在《烙鐵溫度記錄表》上；設定加熱模板或者加熱臺的溫度在50℃～80℃之間；每天正式焊接前應試焊，檢查焊接質(zhì)量，觀察烙鐵溫度及焊接速度是否合適。焊接工作前的分檢工序： A.電池片的分檢標準： B.電池片焊接前預處理： 1.電池片無碎片，裂紋等缺陷。2.缺角小于1mm2每片不超過2個。3.表面無明顯沾污，無銀柵線脫落。4.背面無鋁珠，若有則應去除。單焊工序流程：

1.取，將互連條與電池片主柵線對奇，輕壓互連條和電池片，按調(diào)整好的溫度和速度平穩(wěn)焊接，焊接收尾處烙鐵輕輕上提，以防收尾處出現(xiàn)小錫渣。

2.先焊66片長互連條的片子，然后按要求焊6片短互連條引出線的片子。串焊工序流程：

1.將電池片放入模板相應位置，對齊主柵線，擺放必須一次到位。

2.先焊接正極引出線，對上正極電池片后用左手手指壓住互連條和電池片，避免相對位移，然后按調(diào)整好的速度進行焊接。如果正極主柵線到電池片邊沿距離小于5㎜則從主柵線起頭焊接。

3.按檢驗1～4進行目測自檢，不合格的進行返工，若返工時使用了助焊劑，應即使用酒精清洗。

4.自檢合格的，作好流轉單記錄，用焊接模板放入轉接模板

實驗標準及驗收程序：

1.焊接表面光亮，無脫焊、虛焊和過焊，無錫珠和毛刺，互連條要均勻、平直地焊在背電極內(nèi)。

2.電池片表面清潔，電池片完整，無碎裂現(xiàn)象。3.對與串焊要求互連條要均勻、平直地焊在主柵線內(nèi)，焊帶與電池片主柵線的位錯≤0.5㎜；對與單焊要求每一串

各電池片的底邊在同一直線上，位錯＜0.5㎜。

4.具有一定的機械強度，沿45 o方向輕拉互連條不會脫落。

5.質(zhì)檢部抽檢烙鐵溫度和焊接質(zhì)量，并記錄。各工序工作職責：

1.電池片要輕拿輕放，以免損壞，小心操作避免電池片破損。

2.收尾處保證4～7㎜不焊接。

3.每焊接720片電池片要更換一次簡易工裝。4.嚴禁焊接作業(yè)人員接觸助燃劑。

5.若發(fā)現(xiàn)有正極和負極柵線偏移≥0.5㎜的片子，則將該電池片調(diào)整為首片。

第五篇：100MW太陽能電池組件生產(chǎn)線技術方案

100MW太陽能電池組件生產(chǎn)線技術方案

100MWP規(guī)模生產(chǎn)50多萬塊200WP左右太陽能電池板，根據(jù)啟瀾激光籌建生產(chǎn)線的經(jīng)驗，制定方案如下：

一、場地要求：10000平米左右

可分為四個單元，這樣可根據(jù)實際情況，分期上線。每單元分成前道準備（包括焊帶裁切、浸泡，EVA/TPT裁切，電池片分選，電池片等）、前道（包括焊接、疊層）和后道（包括層壓、裝框、清膠、測試以及返修）三部分。車間要求潔凈、空調(diào)、排煙，配電到位，0.5—1.2Mpa氣源。打包和庫房可另設。

二、生產(chǎn)設備：

1、啟瀾激光激光劃片機：1臺/單元。主要用于單晶硅、多晶硅太陽能電池的劃片。

2、電池片分選機：1臺/單元。對電池片進行抽檢或全檢，以及劃片后的電池片測試。

3、EVA/TPT裁切機：1臺/單元。完成EVA/TPT疊層前的裁剪

4、焊帶裁切機：1臺/單元。完成焊帶的切斷。

5、焊帶浸泡機：1臺。用于裁切好的焊帶助焊劑浸泡及吹干。此需獨立空間，防爆、防泄漏。

6、電池片周轉車：2臺/單元。用以分選好的電池片至焊接工序間的運送周轉。

7、EVA物料車：2臺/單元。用于裁切好的EVA、TPT運送以及剩余的存放。

8、焊接工作臺：16臺/單元。完成電池片的單焊和串焊。

9、電池串暫置架：2臺/單元。用于串焊好的電池串的存放。

10、疊層測試臺：8臺/單元。串焊好的電池串、EVA、TPT背板進行疊層鋪設、檢驗初測。

11、玻璃車：4臺/單元。用于存放疊層所需的玻璃和EVA。

12、鏡面觀察臺：2臺。對疊層好的電池組件檢查，是否夾帶雜物等。

13、待層壓周轉車：4臺/單元。組件層壓前的放置和運送。

14、SC-AYZ-3600*2200 第三代全自動智能高效型太陽能電池組件層壓機:2臺/單元。完成組件層壓。

15、修邊臺：2臺/單元。層壓后的組件修邊。：

16、組件放置車：4臺。層壓并修好邊的組件放置和運送。

17、裝框機：1臺/單元。完成組件裝框。

18、邊框打膠機：1臺/單元。用于裝框前的打膠。或打膠臺1臺，用氣動膠槍打膠。

19、接線盒打膠機：1臺/單元。用于接線盒打膠安裝?；蚪泳€盒安裝臺1臺。配用氣動膠槍。

20、清洗臺：4臺/單元.。用于裝框好的組件清膠等。

21、組件測試儀：1臺/單元。完成組件測試。

22、單焊加熱平臺：32套/單元。用于電池片單焊的預熱。

23、串焊加熱模板：16套/單元。用于電池片串連焊接。

24、電池串周轉盒：40個/單元。用于焊好的電池串存放，并便于流轉至疊層工序。三、三、資源配備：

1、電力需求：三相四線，設備電力負荷kw，跟據(jù)設備布局電源（380或220）到達設 備附近，單獨控制。

2、氣源：0.5~1.2Mpa潔凈干燥氣源。

3、生產(chǎn)人員（人左右/單元）

劃片：2人，分選：6人，裁剪：4人，焊接：48人，疊層16人，觀察2人，層壓4人，裝框3人，清洗8人，接線盒安裝2人，測試3人，輔助6人。庫房、打包以及質(zhì)檢人員酌情安排。

四、生產(chǎn)工藝流程：

電池檢測----正面焊接----背面焊接----疊層鋪設----層壓固化----去毛邊----邊框封裝----焊接接線盒----高壓測試----組件測試----組件包裝。

單片分選：由于電池片制作條件的隨機性，生產(chǎn)出來的電池性能不盡相同，所以為了有效的將性能一致或相近的電池組合在一起，所以應根據(jù)其性能參數(shù)進行分類；電池測試即通過測試電池的輸出參數(shù)（電流和電壓）的大小對其進行分類。以提高電池的利用率，做出質(zhì)量合格的電池組件。

正面焊接：是將匯流帶焊接到電池正面（負極）的主柵線上，匯流帶為鍍錫的銅帶，我們使用的焊接機可以將焊帶以多點的形式點焊在主柵線上。焊接用的熱源為一個紅外燈（利用紅外線的熱效應）。焊帶的長度約為電池邊長的2倍。多出的焊帶在背面焊接時與后面的電池片的背面電極相連。(我們公司采用的是手工焊接)背面焊接：背面焊接是將 36 片電池串接在一起形成一個組件串，我們目前采用的工藝是手動的，電池的定位主要靠一個膜具板，上面有 36 個放置電池片的凹槽，槽的大小和電池的大小相對應，槽的位置已經(jīng)設計好，不同規(guī)格的組件使用不同的模板，操作者使用電烙鐵和焊錫絲將 前面電池 的正面電極（負極）焊接到 后面電池 的背面電極（正極）上，這樣依次將 36 片串接在一起并在組件串的正負極焊接出引線。

疊層鋪設：背面串接好且經(jīng)過檢驗合格后，將組件串、玻璃和切割好的EVA、玻璃纖維、背板按照一定的層次敷設好，準備層壓。玻璃事先涂一層試劑（primer）以增加玻璃和 EVA 的粘接強度。敷設時保證電池串與玻璃等材料的相對位置，調(diào)整好電池間的距離，為層壓打好礎。（敷設層次：由下向上：玻璃、EVA、電池、EVA、玻璃纖維、背板）。

層壓固化：將敷設好的電池放入層壓機內(nèi)，通過抽真空將組件內(nèi)的空氣抽出，然后加熱使 EVA 熔化將電池、玻璃和背板粘接在一起；最后冷卻取出組件。層壓工藝是組件生產(chǎn)的關鍵一步，層壓溫度層壓時間根據(jù) EVA 的性質(zhì)決定。我們使用快速固化 EVA 時，層壓循環(huán)時間約為25分鐘。固化溫度為150℃。

去毛邊：層壓時 EVA 熔化后由于壓力而向外延伸固化形成毛邊，所以層壓完畢應將其切除。邊框封裝：類似與給玻璃裝一個鏡框；給玻璃組件裝鋁框，增加組件的強度，進一步的密封電池組件，延長電池的使用壽命。邊框和玻璃組件的縫隙用硅樹脂填充。各邊框間用角鍵連接。

焊接接線盒：在組件背面引線處焊接一個盒子，以利于電池與其他設備或電池間的連接。高壓測試：高壓測試是指在組件邊框和電極引線間施加一定的電壓，測試組件的耐壓性和絕緣強度，以保證組件在惡劣的自然條件（雷擊等）下不被損壞。

組件測試包裝：測試的目的是對電池的輸出功率進行標定，測試其輸出特性，確定組件的質(zhì)量等級。