第一篇:kit老師教你學(xué)英語(yǔ)
Kim老師專欄Hello Crazy English Learners!-
I am so lucky to have already made friends with so many of you in my travels all over China.I hope that this column will allow me to get to know even more of you.For those of you who don’t know me, my name is Kim.I was an English teacher in Miami, Florida(USA)before I joined
the LYCE family almost ten years ago.Teaching English is my job, but it is also my passion.I love everything about English.I love reading, writing and teaching.I even find grammar very interesting!Each month I will choose a few questions from our readers and answer them here.-
Occasionally, when I receive a really outstanding question or letter, I will award that lucky reader a prize…Maybe a book, maybe a whole set of books, or maybe even a spot at one of LYCE’s
Intensive Training Camps.I will also occasionally call a reader to personally thank him or her for her question.A person who questions is a person who learns.I always say that if one person has a question and asks it, the answer is going to help thousands of people who had the same question!This really is my goal.I hope you will help me to reach it!I’ll be waiting anxiously to hear from you!All My Very Best!-
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-Kim
瘋狂英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)者們,你們好!-
更多的人。我向那些還不認(rèn)識(shí)我的朋友自我介紹一下,我叫Kim。大約十年前,我加入了李陽(yáng)瘋狂英語(yǔ)大家庭
。在這之前,我是美國(guó)佛羅里達(dá)州邁阿密市的一名英語(yǔ)教師。教英語(yǔ)不僅是我的工作,也是我的熱情所在。我
喜歡任何與英語(yǔ)相關(guān)的東西,喜歡閱讀、寫作,喜歡教書。我甚至發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法也非常有趣!每個(gè)月我都將從我們 的讀者提出的問題中選出一些問題,在這里進(jìn)行解答。-
有時(shí)候,當(dāng)我收到確實(shí)非常好的問題或來(lái)信時(shí),我將給予這個(gè)幸運(yùn)的讀者一些獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)??也許是一本書,也許是
一整套書,甚至也許是一個(gè)李陽(yáng)瘋狂英語(yǔ)集訓(xùn)營(yíng)的學(xué)位。我還將不時(shí)地親自給讀者打電話,感謝他/她提出的問
題。問問題的人是好學(xué)的人。我總覺得一個(gè)人碰到了問題而且會(huì)問別人的話,問題的答案會(huì)幫助成千上萬(wàn)的有同
樣疑問的人!這確實(shí)是我的目標(biāo)。我希望你們能夠幫我實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)!我急切地盼望著收到你們的問題和來(lái)信!
致以最誠(chéng)摯的祝福!- -
-Kim
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Kim老師的解疑,每周更新,敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注!-
問:通過句子背語(yǔ)法,但又不知到怎么才能用得上,不知怎樣用。比如小學(xué)生一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不知怎樣才用得上,但他
把那種類型的句子背得脫口而出,有沒有用.是否就算過關(guān)了再如,某公司董事長(zhǎng)要學(xué)英語(yǔ),就是語(yǔ)法不過關(guān),他
把所有時(shí)態(tài)的句子都背得脫口而出,是不是就行了.意思是他不用去鉆研語(yǔ)法???-
答:Learn grammar by reciting sentences.But I have no idea in what situation and how to use it.For
instance, a primary school student doesn’t know when he should use the simple present tense, but he can blurt out sentences in this tense.Is it useful and can we say that he has grasped the usage of the tense? Another case is that a chairman-in-board wants to learn English, but he doesn’t know much of grammar.He can recite and blurt out sentences in all kinds of tenses.Is it OK to him? Then it is
not necessary for him to study grammar? First of all, I beg you to break free of the idea that “grammar”
is something separate and outside of English.If you are speaking, reading, writing or listening to English, you are learning grammar!English is grammar.Every page in every English novel, every single English news broadcast and every single English dialogue between native speaking classmates contains countless examples
of subjunctive mood, attributive clause, subject-verb agreement and every other grammar point you can think
of!I will use your examples to illustrate my point: Even a native-speaking primary student will often make
mistakes using the past tense such as, “I throwed the ball to him.” This mistake comes from applying the general rule, verb+ed =past tense.Of course, this rule does not apply to irregular verbs and the child has
never even been formally taught any such “rule”.He will however, self-correct by the age of seven or eight due to exposure to the correct form.Of course, it is not as easy for a non-native speaker because exposure
to correct form of the second language is limited.This is why LYCE stresses the importance of reciting short passages and mastering useful sentences.The more familiar you are with hearing, seeing and speaking correct
grammar, the easier it is for you to internalize and develop your own language sense.Language sense is the
ability to naturally choose the correct words and grammar to express yourself.Language sense also helps you in knowing correct test item answers before you even glance at the answer choices.As for the Chairman of the
Board, if he can blurt out all kinds of sentences in all kinds of tenses at the appropriate time, I’d say he
has already completed his grammar study.Do you think it would be a wise use of his(or anyone’s)time to sit
down and start memorizing rules about transitive vs.intransitive verbs? After all, in the real world, grammar isn’t just something to know, it’s something you must know how to use!Don’t give up on reciting sentences…
but keep in mind they are just a foundation on which to build your English ability.Spend less time thinking about grammar.Spend more time using it!I’m confident that you will make it!-
首先,希望你能摒棄“語(yǔ)法是獨(dú)立于英語(yǔ)之外”的觀點(diǎn)。如果你正在說(shuō)、讀、寫和聽英語(yǔ),你就是在學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法!英語(yǔ)就是 語(yǔ)法!在每一部英語(yǔ)小說(shuō)的每一頁(yè)、每一則英語(yǔ)廣播新聞和以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的同學(xué)的每一個(gè)對(duì)話中,都包含了虛擬語(yǔ)氣、定語(yǔ)從句、主謂一致等等的無(wú)數(shù)例句,以及你所能想到的任何其他語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)。下面我將用你所舉的例子來(lái)闡述我的觀點(diǎn):即使是一個(gè)以英語(yǔ)為母
語(yǔ)的小學(xué)生也在使用一般過去時(shí)時(shí)也經(jīng)常會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤:I throwed the ball to him。這樣的錯(cuò)誤源于一般規(guī)則的運(yùn)用:動(dòng)詞
+-ed = 過去時(shí)。當(dāng)然,這條規(guī)則不適用于不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,而從來(lái)沒有人教過這個(gè)小孩這樣的“規(guī)則”。但是,到他七八歲的時(shí)候,由于對(duì)正確形式的耳濡目染,他會(huì)自我糾正。當(dāng)然,這對(duì)于母語(yǔ)不是英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家的人來(lái)說(shuō)并不容易,因?yàn)榻佑|第二語(yǔ)言正確形式的
機(jī)會(huì)是有限的。這就是為什么李陽(yáng)瘋狂英語(yǔ)要強(qiáng)調(diào)背誦小短文、掌握有用的句子的重要性。你對(duì)聽到的、看到的、說(shuō)出來(lái)的正確語(yǔ) 法越熟悉,你就越容易使自己的語(yǔ)感內(nèi)在化并得到發(fā)展。語(yǔ)感是自然選擇正確詞匯和語(yǔ)法來(lái)表達(dá)自己思想的能力。它還能幫助你在 考試中不用看選項(xiàng)就知道正確答案。對(duì)于一個(gè)公司的懂事長(zhǎng)來(lái)說(shuō),如果他能在特定的語(yǔ)境下脫口而出各種時(shí)態(tài)的句子,我覺得他已 經(jīng)完成了他的語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)。你覺得要他坐下來(lái)去開始記憶關(guān)于及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的規(guī)則是在聰明地利用他的時(shí)間嗎?不管怎么說(shuō),在現(xiàn)實(shí)當(dāng)中,語(yǔ)法不是僅僅要只是知道的東西,它還是你必須知道如何使用的東西。別放棄背誦句子,但要記住,句子只是培養(yǎng)
英語(yǔ)能力的基石。別花太多時(shí)間琢磨語(yǔ)法,要把更多的時(shí)間放在使用語(yǔ)法上!我相信你能做到!
第二篇:美國(guó)老師教你學(xué)英語(yǔ)
1.Don't study grammar 不要學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法
This rule might sound strange to many ESL students, but it is one of the most important rules.If you want to pass examinations, then study grammar.However, if you want to become fluent in English, then you should try to learn English without studying the grammar.Studying grammar will only slow you down and confuse you.(學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法將影響第二外語(yǔ)的習(xí)得 速度)You will think about the rules when creating sentences instead of naturally saying a sentence like a native.Remember that only a small fraction of English speakers know more than 20% of all the grammar rules.Many ESL students know more grammar than native speakers.I can confidently say this with experience.I am a native English speaker, majored in English Literature, and have been teaching English for more than 10 years.However, many of my students know more details about English grammar than I do.I can easily look up the definition and apply it, but I don't know it off the top of my head.I often ask my native English friends some grammar questions, and only a few of them know the correct answer.However, they are fluent in English and can read, speak, listen, and communicate effectively.(很多母語(yǔ)為英語(yǔ)的人,都不了解 語(yǔ)法為何。但是他們可以非常流利的運(yùn)用英文。)
Do you want to be able to recite the definition of a causative verb, or do you want to be able to speak English fluently?
2.Learn and study phrases 用學(xué)習(xí)短語(yǔ)代替學(xué)習(xí)詞匯
Many students learn vocabulary and try to put many words together to create a proper sentence.It amazes me how many words some of my students know, but they cannot create a proper sentence.The reason is because they didn't study phrases.When children learn a language, they learn both words and phrases together.Likewise, you need to study and learn phrases.認(rèn)識(shí)單詞,不會(huì)用等于沒學(xué),所以學(xué)習(xí)短語(yǔ)并加以運(yùn)用,來(lái)保證 準(zhǔn)確率.If you know 1000 words, you might not be able to say one correct sentence.But if you know 1 phrase, you can make hundreds of correct sentences.If you know 100 phrases, you will be surprised at how many correct sentences you will be able to say.Finally, when you know only a 1000 phrases, you will be almost a fluent English speaker.So don't spend hours and hours learning many different words.Use that time to study phrases instead and you will be closer to English fluency.Don't translate 不要翻譯
When you want to create an English sentence, do not translate the words from your Mother tongue.The order of words is probably completely
different and you will be both slow and incorrect by doing this.Instead, learn phrases and sentences so you don't have to think about the words you are saying.It should be automatic.學(xué)會(huì)英文的思維方式、組織句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。如果先想中文,在翻 譯成英文,將影響速度,故直接用英語(yǔ)方式來(lái)思考。Another problem with translating is that you will be trying to incorporate grammar rules that you have learned.Translating and thinking about the grammar to create English sentences is incorrect and should be avoided.3.Reading and Listening is NOT enough.Practice Speaking what you hear!僅僅練習(xí)聽力和閱讀是不夠的,不斷重復(fù)你所聽到的英文。
Reading, listening, and speaking are the most important aspects of any language.The same is true for English.However, speaking is the only requirement to be fluent.It is normal for babies and children to learn speaking first, become fluent, then start reading, then writing.So the natural order is listening, speaking, reading, then writing.作者主張,二語(yǔ)習(xí)得的順序?yàn)椋?聽、說(shuō)、讀、寫。但是,往往教學(xué)中的順序?yàn)椋鹤x、聽、說(shuō)、寫。
First Problem
Isn't it strange that schools across the world teach reading first, then writing, then listening, and finally speaking? Although it is different, the main reason is because when you learn a second language, you need to read material to understand and learn it.So even though the natural order is listening, speaking, reading, then writing, the order for ESL students is reading, listening, speaking, then writing.Second Problem
The reason many people can read and listen is because that's all they practice.But in order to speak English fluently, you need to practice speaking.Don't stop at the listening portion, and when you study, don't just listen.Speak out loud the material you are listening to and practice what you hear.Practice speaking out loud until your mouth and brain can do it without any effort.By doing so, you will be able to speak English fluently.4.Submerge yourself 語(yǔ)言環(huán)境
Being able to speak a language is not related to how smart you are.Anyone can learn how to speak any language.This is a proven fact by everyone in the world.Everyone can speak at least one language.Whether you are intelligent, or lacking some brain power, you are able to speak one language.作者認(rèn)為:學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的能力,是人類與生俱來(lái)的能力,與智力無(wú)關(guān)。This was achieved by being around that language at all times.In your
country, you hear and speak your language constantly.You will notice that many people who are good English speakers are the ones who studied in an English speaking school.They can speak English not because they went to an English speaking school, but because they had an environment where they can be around English speaking people constantly.學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言要把自己放在置身于語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中。未必一定要出國(guó)才能 學(xué)好,比如可以用ipod、電視節(jié)目等等,創(chuàng)造語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。
There are also some people who study abroad and learn very little.That is because they went to an English speaking school, but found friends from their own country and didn't practice English.You don't have to go anywhere to become a fluent English speaker.You only need to surround yourself with English.You can do this by making rules with your existing friends that you will only speak English.You can also carry around an iPod and constantly listen to English sentences.As you can see, you can achieve results by changing what your surroundings are.Submerge yourself in English and you will learn several times faster.5.Study correct material 謹(jǐn)慎選擇學(xué)習(xí)材料
A common phrase that is incorrect is, “Practice makes perfect.” This is far from the truth.Practice only makes what you are practicing permanent.If you practice the incorrect sentence, you will have perfected saying the sentence incorrectly.Therefore, it is important that you study material that is commonly used by most people.Another problem I see is that many students study the news.However, the language they speak is more formal and the content they use is more political and not used in regular life.It is important to understand what they are saying, but this is more of an advanced lesson that should be studied after learning the fundamental basics of English.學(xué)習(xí)報(bào)紙、聽新聞未 必是好方法,因?yàn)樗麄兊膶I(yè)性太強(qiáng),生活英語(yǔ)很少用到。
第三篇:教你如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)
一、明確的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度
1、先要明確學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的目的和意義,勤學(xué)苦練。
2、其次要保持學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣,持之以恒。興趣是最好的老師,學(xué)英語(yǔ)最忌一曝十寒,開始學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)覺得新奇,興趣很濃,往往忽視學(xué)習(xí)的長(zhǎng)期性各艱巨性。
3、再次要積極大膽。學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)一定要大膽的說(shuō),大膽的讀,不能畏難怕羞,不敢開口,不能學(xué)“啞巴”英語(yǔ),即只看懂、聽得懂別人的而說(shuō)不出、寫不出自己的。
二、要注意學(xué)習(xí)方法
1、要過好語(yǔ)音關(guān)。學(xué)好語(yǔ)音是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ),理由很簡(jiǎn)單,如果單詞讀不準(zhǔn),句子不能上口,那就無(wú)法學(xué)好任何語(yǔ)言,交際當(dāng)中也會(huì)產(chǎn)生誤會(huì)。
2、要掌握正確的學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的方法。詞匯包括音和義兩個(gè)方面,雖然英語(yǔ)單詞的拼法很不規(guī)則,但大部分的英語(yǔ)單詞的拼寫和讀音是有規(guī)律可循的,因此,從開始學(xué)單詞起,就要注意單詞的讀音和拼法之間的關(guān)系,即拼讀規(guī)則。
3、要掌握好正確的學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法的方法。
4、多聽多說(shuō)、常讀常寫。
文章來(lái)源:南京瑯文培訓(xùn)學(xué)校
第四篇:老師教你課外閱讀[最終版]
課外閱讀方法指導(dǎo)
1.精選材料,擴(kuò)大范圍,培養(yǎng)興趣(1)選擇閱讀材料的原則
首先,我們要幫助學(xué)生理順課內(nèi)與課外關(guān)系:課外閱讀對(duì)課內(nèi)知識(shí)有補(bǔ)充和促進(jìn)作用,二者相輔相成,必須把它們緊密地結(jié)合起來(lái),使課外閱讀成為課內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)的延續(xù)。其次,興趣是成功的原動(dòng)力,作為教材延伸形式出現(xiàn)的課外閱讀,材料要有其發(fā)展性,體裁要多樣化,要講求趣味性和時(shí)效性。另外,我們要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生發(fā)散性的元認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu),注意材料的內(nèi)容,把握語(yǔ)言難度,經(jīng)常能夠結(jié)合當(dāng)前課本所學(xué)內(nèi)容。我們深知,淺易的內(nèi)容有利鞏固基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),引起興趣;較難的內(nèi)容便于啟發(fā)思維,增添知識(shí)。因此,閱讀材料的難度適中,由淺入深,逐步升級(jí)。一般情況是,生詞不太多,篇幅不太長(zhǎng)。如果生詞太多,看一句要查好幾次詞典,就難以把主要精力用在理解文章的內(nèi)容上,閱讀的效果就大打折扣了。(2)閱讀材料的推薦
我們?yōu)槌跻荒昙?jí)學(xué)生選擇的閱讀材料,以短小精悍,幽默有趣為主。比如,在《全國(guó)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校英語(yǔ)系列教材》的《英語(yǔ)閱讀與寫作》(初一年級(jí))中有一系列的豐富生動(dòng),幽默有趣并涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、天文、航天、地理、文學(xué)、歷史、文化、風(fēng)土人情等方面的閱讀材料,不僅使學(xué)生重溫了許多經(jīng)典兒童故事,而且享受到了閱讀的快樂。Little Red Coat《小紅帽》,The Sleeping Princess《睡美人》,The Frog Prince《青蛙王子》,Popeye the Sailor《大力水手》,Snow White《白雪公主》,Cinderella《灰姑娘》,Gulliver’s Travels《格列弗游記》等等都受到了初一年級(jí)學(xué)生的喜愛,很多學(xué)生將這些讀過的小故事排練成短劇,利用英語(yǔ)角的時(shí)間進(jìn)行演出,深受師生稱贊。
隨著學(xué)生閱讀能力的提高,閱讀材料的長(zhǎng)度和體裁也有相應(yīng)的變化。為初二的學(xué)生,我們選擇了一些比較適合閱讀的,并且具有時(shí)代性,新穎性的報(bào)刊《21世紀(jì)報(bào)》、《英語(yǔ)周報(bào)》、《上海學(xué)生英文報(bào)》等報(bào)刊雜志,它們比較貼近學(xué)生的生活,涉及體育、娛樂、學(xué)習(xí)等題材,很受學(xué)生歡迎?!渡贤狻饰南盗凶x物》以及外文出版社出版的“企鵝文學(xué)經(jīng)典英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)易讀物”,可以讓學(xué)生欣賞到一批英美文學(xué)巨匠的作品片段,如:珍妮·奧斯丁的《勸導(dǎo)》,《傲慢與偏見》,夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《簡(jiǎn)?愛》等等。這些都可以對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行英美文化的熏陶和洗禮。
對(duì)于初三的學(xué)生,因?yàn)閷W(xué)生已經(jīng)具有一定的閱讀能力,而且對(duì)自己的閱讀內(nèi)容也有所偏好,讓他們相互推薦,進(jìn)行“書訊交流”,分享閱讀資源,擴(kuò)大閱讀量,讀后摘抄好詞好句,列出提綱,甚至可以用英語(yǔ)寫短小的讀后感。此外,我也為他們推薦了另外一套系列教材《展望未來(lái)》,它從各方面介紹英語(yǔ)世界的生活、工作、價(jià)值觀等。比如第二冊(cè)第七單元“Madamm Tussaud蠟像館”,圖片上顯示了Joan Collins(曾主演過電視劇《豪門恩怨》)及Lanthony Hopkins(曾主演過電影《沉默的羔羊》)及足球明星Paul Gascoigne,學(xué)生非常熟悉他們,無(wú)疑想更深、更多地了解他們,因此學(xué)生會(huì)很有興趣地讀下去。(3)做好讀后活動(dòng) 閱讀之后,我們挑選一些所讀內(nèi)容的語(yǔ)言形式進(jìn)行分析,通過運(yùn)用內(nèi)容圖式對(duì)其作進(jìn)一步歸納;運(yùn)用結(jié)構(gòu)圖式對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的線性結(jié)構(gòu)或?qū)哟谓Y(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析和討論;圍繞其開展復(fù)述、角色扮演、故事續(xù)寫等活動(dòng),以期進(jìn)一步激活和擴(kuò)展學(xué)生的閱讀圖式,提高學(xué)生的元認(rèn)知水平。從某種程度上看,讀后活動(dòng)為學(xué)生展示風(fēng)采提供了平臺(tái),他們可以盡情地展現(xiàn)自我,展現(xiàn)他們被英語(yǔ)文化熏陶后的自我。有時(shí)候,學(xué)生和老師會(huì)討論一些中英的“cultural shock”(文化沖突),這樣激烈討論和教師講解之后,學(xué)生的跨文化意識(shí)增強(qiáng)了。此外,我們要求學(xué)生制作“閱讀卡”,如下表: Title Name
Class Date Summary(60—120words)Comments(about 60 words)
通過圖書卡的完成,有效地訓(xùn)練了學(xué)生的寫作能力,并且有助于提高學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力。
2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好閱讀習(xí)慣,強(qiáng)化閱讀意識(shí)
要養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣,我們必須從點(diǎn)滴做起。在學(xué)生進(jìn)入中學(xué)時(shí),就告訴他們課外閱讀的重要性和必要性,并做到即時(shí)指導(dǎo)。我們不僅為學(xué)生提供或推薦課外閱讀的資料,還有意識(shí)地給他們安排課外閱讀的時(shí)間(比如:晚自修的部分時(shí)間和周末的部分時(shí)間),鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行課外閱讀。
心理因素對(duì)閱讀的影響也很大,當(dāng)人的情緒處于緊張焦急狀態(tài)時(shí),就容易產(chǎn)生恐懼心理。不少學(xué)生在閱讀時(shí)缺乏信心,或被動(dòng),或急于求成。我們及時(shí)幫助學(xué)生克服心理障礙,使他們心平氣和主動(dòng)積極地參與這一活動(dòng)。為此,我們?cè)O(shè)立并完善了一些獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)措施和評(píng)估辦法,如:在每天的Duty Report的時(shí)間,請(qǐng)同學(xué)講述閱讀的故事或片段,并進(jìn)行評(píng)比,這樣不僅鍛煉了學(xué)生口語(yǔ),而且也促進(jìn)了他們主動(dòng)進(jìn)行課外閱讀。我們還開設(shè)了“我和好書交朋友”、“名著伴我行”的活動(dòng),讓學(xué)生利用假期去讀一些簡(jiǎn)易的英文書籍,開學(xué)后組織學(xué)生進(jìn)行閱讀材料的交流活動(dòng),以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生逐漸增強(qiáng)閱讀意識(shí)。
此外,我們?yōu)閷W(xué)生營(yíng)造良好的英語(yǔ)氛圍,在班級(jí)里創(chuàng)建英語(yǔ)閱讀環(huán)境。比如:班級(jí)專門有個(gè)小柜子,里面放一些英文報(bào)紙、英文故事、英文連環(huán)畫以及一些英美文化概況的材料等,學(xué)生可以隨時(shí)在教室里進(jìn)行閱讀。同時(shí),我們?cè)诮淌业娘@著位置張貼海報(bào),開設(shè)各個(gè)不同的欄目,學(xué)生將自己的讀后感,或妙語(yǔ)摘抄以及一些故事的轉(zhuǎn)述、續(xù)寫進(jìn)行展示。這些活動(dòng)都讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)到了課外閱讀的樂趣和成功的喜悅。
3.指導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握閱讀策略,培養(yǎng)高效閱讀的能力
在課外閱讀教學(xué)中,我們用不同的閱讀策略來(lái)激發(fā)學(xué)生的閱讀興趣,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀能力。(1)提倡平時(shí)多大聲朗讀,背誦精彩段落和文章,以培養(yǎng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感。
(2)在英語(yǔ)課外閱讀中做到精讀和泛讀有機(jī)結(jié)合,欣賞鑒析和專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練相結(jié)合,課內(nèi)外閱讀相結(jié)合。
當(dāng)學(xué)生的閱讀能力達(dá)到一定程度后,我們要求學(xué)生掌握以下常規(guī)的閱讀策略:默讀、略讀、跳讀、預(yù)測(cè)、猜測(cè)詞義、細(xì)讀、尋找關(guān)鍵詞和主題句等等方法。在初中階段的專項(xiàng)練習(xí)中,我們較為側(cè)重教授學(xué)生如何尋找主題句和細(xì)讀。主題句通常在文章的首句或末句,但也因文而異,因此綜觀文章,仔細(xì)體會(huì)段段之間、句句之間的聯(lián)系,了解中心意思,這樣可以給沒有標(biāo)題的文章列出標(biāo)題,而且可以回答一系列有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題。
我們的課外閱讀是相對(duì)于教科書上的材料而言,它不是來(lái)自課本上的,而是教師根據(jù)不同年級(jí),不同層次所選擇推薦的不同題材,不同體裁的課外材料。我們不是一味地追求“T”、“F”、等選項(xiàng),而是用其他更能夠調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生積極性的一些措施,比如對(duì)于敘述性的文章我們?cè)陂喿x之前,向?qū)W生示例故事結(jié)構(gòu),包括背景、主題、情節(jié)、高潮、結(jié)局等,這樣便于提高學(xué)生邏輯思維能力,并促進(jìn)理解,閱讀之后讓學(xué)生歸納中心思想,進(jìn)而達(dá)到情感目標(biāo)的培養(yǎng)。在閱讀說(shuō)明文或科普文章中,我們提醒學(xué)生注意一些信號(hào)詞,比如:first, next, then, for example, thus, therefore, in short, in brief, 等等。這樣,有利于學(xué)生明確語(yǔ)篇中各個(gè)部分間的關(guān)系。學(xué)生完成閱讀后要理清思路,進(jìn)行鞏固記憶,從而為下一步提供相關(guān)的背景知識(shí)。
我們深知,真實(shí)、地道的英語(yǔ)與學(xué)生所不熟悉的文化是緊密相聯(lián)的。要充分理解所讀材
料的內(nèi)容,不僅要具備足夠的語(yǔ)言知識(shí),還要了解一些英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的風(fēng)俗、文化、宗教等。例如,在Martin Luther King(馬丁·路德·金)的演講I Have a Dream中描寫了美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后,美國(guó)的黑人并沒有獲得自由,而是處處受到種族歧視,當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)政治狀況直接造成了黑人的悲慘命運(yùn)。而Martin Luther King為爭(zhēng)取黑人的權(quán)利做出不懈努力。他身處險(xiǎn)境卻能保持樂觀的態(tài)度,對(duì)自由和平等權(quán)利充滿渴望,對(duì)生活充滿熱愛,對(duì)人性充滿信心。教師在指導(dǎo)閱讀時(shí),需要追溯到美國(guó)的歷史,否則學(xué)生難以理解。因此,了解一些英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的風(fēng)俗、文化、宗教等可以讓學(xué)生在課外閱讀實(shí)踐中跨越閱讀過程中的“cultural shock”,增加文化積累
(3)貫徹“整體閱讀”法。
我們要求學(xué)生集中注意力于整個(gè)篇章內(nèi)容,而不是個(gè)別詞語(yǔ)。在閱讀過程中,學(xué)生辨認(rèn)出篇章開頭的某些實(shí)詞、轉(zhuǎn)折詞語(yǔ)等關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)時(shí),頭腦立刻開始了對(duì)篇章內(nèi)容的預(yù)測(cè)。接著在繼續(xù)閱讀的過程中,通過對(duì)部分詞語(yǔ)的辨認(rèn)而不斷證實(shí)擴(kuò)展開始時(shí)的預(yù)測(cè),或者否定它而產(chǎn)生新的預(yù)測(cè),最后達(dá)到把握文章的前后呼應(yīng)以及情節(jié)聯(lián)系,綜觀全文,整體把握,避免“只見樹木,不見森林”逐詞逐句閱讀的不良習(xí)慣,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成“成組視讀”的閱讀方法,按照意群或句群進(jìn)行閱讀,以提高閱讀速率。與此同時(shí),我們提倡運(yùn)用上下反復(fù)平行交叉的交互式閱讀法,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從整體到局部,從語(yǔ)篇到語(yǔ)句,從大意到細(xì)節(jié),利用語(yǔ)言形式去構(gòu)建全文的語(yǔ)義圖像,再利用這個(gè)語(yǔ)義圖像去理解段落、句子、詞組單詞的語(yǔ)言形式,從而幫助學(xué)生把語(yǔ)言圖式、內(nèi)容圖式和結(jié)構(gòu)圖式完整有機(jī)地聯(lián)系在一起。
第五篇:老師教你寫贈(zèng)言范文
老師教你寫贈(zèng)言
同學(xué)們,六年的小學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)生涯,在不知不覺中已經(jīng)接近了尾聲。往日大家朝夕相處的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴,都已深深印在我們的心田,曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過的酸甜苦辣,也都變得如此的珍貴。在即將告別母校,告別老師和同學(xué)之際,你一定有千言萬(wàn)語(yǔ)涌上心頭,想留下你真摯的話語(yǔ),送上你美好的祝愿??的確,贈(zèng)言能給人留下美好的祝愿、真誠(chéng)的希望,它喚起信心,讓人珍惜,令人難忘。其實(shí),贈(zèng)言的習(xí)俗在我國(guó)由來(lái)以久。早在春秋時(shí)期,就有“富貴者送人以財(cái),仁人者送人以言”的說(shuō)法。
畢業(yè)贈(zèng)言寄寓著同學(xué)們對(duì)人生未來(lái)的憧憬,充溢著一股股純真之情,是人生歷程中的一個(gè)宿影,同學(xué)們?cè)诋厴I(yè)以后都希望能給同學(xué)留下一些美好的印象,因此就有了書寫贈(zèng)言的愿望。那么如何寫好你的畢業(yè)贈(zèng)言呢?
首先,要明白畢業(yè)贈(zèng)言是給同學(xué)留下美好的記憶和真誠(chéng)的希望,是增進(jìn)同學(xué)友誼、鼓勵(lì)同學(xué)奮進(jìn)的一種方式,富有紀(jì)念意義。畢業(yè)紀(jì)念冊(cè)可是很多同學(xué)要一輩子珍藏的“寶貝”。作為受過六年正規(guī)小學(xué)教育的你們,所寫的畢業(yè)贈(zèng)言應(yīng)該體現(xiàn)出自己的文化修養(yǎng),倘若“信馬由韁”,在同學(xué)的畢業(yè)紀(jì)念冊(cè)上留下一些低級(jí)、粗俗、無(wú)聊的話語(yǔ)是對(duì)同學(xué)的不尊重,不僅會(huì)傷害同學(xué)之間純真的友誼,還會(huì)損害學(xué)校、班級(jí)的集體榮譽(yù)。所以贈(zèng)言的內(nèi)容一定要思想健康,觀點(diǎn)正確,或催人奮進(jìn),或滿懷希望,或傾注真情,或回味無(wú)窮??
其次,書寫畢業(yè)贈(zèng)言要把握以下三個(gè)原則:
一是要有針對(duì)性,因人而異,語(yǔ)言得體。像:“楊帆:愿你像一艘斬波劈浪的航船,在浩瀚無(wú)際的知識(shí)海洋里乘風(fēng)破浪!無(wú)論前方是多大的險(xiǎn)浪暗礁,只要你無(wú)所畏懼,勇敢地?fù)P帆前行,就一定能抵達(dá)勝利的彼岸?!边@條贈(zèng)言依據(jù)受贈(zèng)人的姓名寓意去寫,表達(dá)贈(zèng)言者的殷殷之情,很有個(gè)性,肯定能讓受贈(zèng)人喜歡;又如“你的風(fēng)趣幽默使班級(jí)充滿了歡聲笑語(yǔ),謝謝你,愿你這顆“開心果”永遠(yuǎn)開心?!边@一贈(zèng)言則根據(jù)受贈(zèng)人的個(gè)性特征來(lái)寫,照樣受人歡迎。
二是要簡(jiǎn)短、明了,力戒長(zhǎng)篇大論。比如:“擁有了昨天,就應(yīng)該努力地開拓今天;失去了昨天,就決不能再失去明天!” 如此的贈(zèng)言飽含哲理、言簡(jiǎn)意賅,具有很好的勸戒作用。又如:“母校同窗六秋,誠(chéng)謝師友相助。鯤鵬碧空展翅,明日造極登峰。——與師友共勉”這款贈(zèng)言則用一首朗朗上口的小詩(shī)既抒發(fā)了作者對(duì)老師和同學(xué)們的感激之情,更表達(dá)了對(duì)老師和同學(xué)還有自己的美好祝愿,還有鞭策、激勵(lì)之效。
三是要形式多樣,不拘一格。內(nèi)容上可以從人的姓名、性格、特長(zhǎng)、品質(zhì)、興趣、理想等方面去寫,也可以從印象最深的事情著手,還可以適當(dāng)用上名言、警句;在表達(dá)上可適當(dāng)運(yùn)用比喻、比較、排比、對(duì)偶等修辭手法,擅長(zhǎng)畫畫同學(xué)也可以畫一幅寓意深長(zhǎng)的畫,愛好寫詩(shī)的同學(xué)還可以作一首情深意濃的小詩(shī)。
同學(xué)們,再過幾天,你們就將畢業(yè),告別母校,告別朝夕相處、患難與共的老師和同學(xué)。老師希望你們?cè)谌松顮N爛的年華里,盡情展現(xiàn)你們的才華,揮發(fā)你們的芬芳,未來(lái)是屬于你們的。