欧美色欧美亚洲高清在线观看,国产特黄特色a级在线视频,国产一区视频一区欧美,亚洲成a 人在线观看中文

  1. <ul id="fwlom"></ul>

    <object id="fwlom"></object>

    <span id="fwlom"></span><dfn id="fwlom"></dfn>

      <object id="fwlom"></object>

      GMAT語法專題:新東方高分學(xué)員經(jīng)驗分享(一)(精)(寫寫幫推薦)

      時間:2019-05-12 13:03:37下載本文作者:會員上傳
      簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《GMAT語法專題:新東方高分學(xué)員經(jīng)驗分享(一)(精)(寫寫幫推薦)》,但愿對你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《GMAT語法專題:新東方高分學(xué)員經(jīng)驗分享(一)(精)(寫寫幫推薦)》。

      第一篇:GMAT語法專題:新東方高分學(xué)員經(jīng)驗分享(一)(精)(寫寫幫推薦)

      GMAT語法專題:新東方高分學(xué)員經(jīng)驗分享(一 采訪對象:黃璇 GMAT成績:740 單項成績:語文40數(shù)學(xué)50 所在學(xué)校:寧波諾丁漢大學(xué) 參加課程:GMAT*強化暑假住宿班

      黃璇同學(xué)的GMAT成績比較高,特別是在語文方面,因而我們很想知道,黃璇同學(xué)是怎樣才能取得如此好的語文成績的。在采訪的過程中,黃璇告訴我們,其實要想語文成績高,備考語法和邏輯是很重要的。

      在與黃璇同學(xué)的交談過程中,記者也感覺到,語法是一門比較深奧的學(xué)問?!菊n堂聽講收獲多】

      黃璇同學(xué)明顯感覺,在上過新東方的課程后,語法方面提高的很快。因為老師上課一遍做題,一遍幫助同學(xué)們回顧曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過的語法,在復(fù)習(xí)的同時也同學(xué)們盡可能多的為同學(xué)們總結(jié)GMAT中語法考點。

      因為GMAT所考的語法相對于中國學(xué)生接觸過的語法,還是比較難的。因此黃璇同學(xué)認為進行系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)還是有必要的。

      但是課上老師講得什么平行語法,什么主謂一致等語法,黃璇同學(xué)上課時是記住了,但下課就因為知識點太多而忘記一些。這樣的情況對于想考高分的黃璇來講是十分不利的,因此。在課下開始復(fù)習(xí)講義,做OG上的題。但是她發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然聽懂了,但是一做題還是錯很多。這樣她有些著急。

      當她詢問老師時,老師推薦她讀一本書,《曼哈頓GMAT語法》。這本書為黃璇整理了,老師上課時所未講到以及自己不明白的語法點。

      【GMAT語法復(fù)習(xí)——教材成就語法高分】

      當黃璇同學(xué)說這本書時,記者就比較疑惑,到底是一本什么樣的書而備受GMAT高分考生如此熱捧呢? 黃璇說,她在復(fù)習(xí)語法時就是在刷OG,一共刷了三遍,對照著講義和《曼哈頓》找到自己錯誤的語法點,一一標出來以后??粗堵D》學(xué)習(xí)語法。

      在語法的考試中主要包括了以下的幾類:主謂一致、平行、代詞、修飾語、時態(tài)、語氣語態(tài)、比較、慣用語。其中,黃璇同學(xué)認為,平行是很主要的語法點,也是非?;A(chǔ)的考點。

      相對于單條的語法來講,做題的方法也應(yīng)該是最先掌握的,在做GMAT的語法題時,比較好用的方法是SC,即將每個選項逐個代入句子讀一遍再尋找錯誤是很費時間的,更好的方法應(yīng)該是使用分類排除的方法(split。將五個選項按照某個語法點的區(qū)別分成兩組或更多,找到你所確認的錯誤排除其中的一些組;再次分組,再次排除,直到剩下最終答案。

      為什要掌握這樣的做題方法呢?其實,這與GMAT的語法考試目的有關(guān),GMAT測試同學(xué)們區(qū)分好和不好的語法的能力。許多語法錯誤的句子看起來很自然。基于這樣的考試目的,同學(xué)們在備考中,使用SC的方法才能是有有效率的。

      【GMAT語法復(fù)習(xí)——判斷選項有方法】

      在做SC時,判斷選項是否錯誤應(yīng)該從語法開始,然后考慮意思,最后考慮簡潔?;贕MAT考語法的目的,同學(xué)在備考語法時一定要挑出的是有明顯語法錯誤的選項,因為即使是正確答案,語法也不一定是完全正確。

      在判斷語法后,就要判斷句子的意思,句子不能有歧義,并且句子必須反映作者的真實的意愿,在選擇選項時不要隨便改變句子的原意(除非原句錯誤。這是同學(xué)們在備考GMAT 時應(yīng)該特別注意的問題。

      在總結(jié)了做題的方法后,同學(xué)們就應(yīng)該在結(jié)合講義和《曼哈頓》的語法講解后,認真的學(xué)習(xí)語法了。在采訪過程中,黃璇同學(xué),為我們舉了例子。她說過,平行結(jié)構(gòu)是很重要的結(jié)構(gòu)。因而在復(fù)習(xí)時應(yīng)該把平行結(jié)構(gòu)的考點弄清楚。

      【平行結(jié)構(gòu)很重要】

      關(guān)于GMAT語法中的平行結(jié)構(gòu),有幾點需要備考的同學(xué)們注意:

      1、句子中具有可比性的部分需要在邏輯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)上都平行;平行常常能夠通過一些詞的存在而找到。平行結(jié)構(gòu)的存在并不意味著平行制造詞一定存在,只要是以相同的方式表達兩個或以上的事物,都要求平行。平行并不要求各個平行部分的每個詞都平行,只需要中心詞平行即可。

      2、句子中幾乎所有的成分都可以使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)。其中,從句平行必須以同樣的引導(dǎo)詞開頭。如:I want to retire to a place WHERE I can relax AND WHERE the taxes are low.3、平行結(jié)構(gòu)雖然要求簡潔,但是不能省略平行部分的要素。如:Ralph likes BOTH THOSE WHO are popular AND THOSE WHO are not.4、And是平行結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的詞,在句子中見到and時,一定要注意尋找平行結(jié)構(gòu)的各個平行項目。And只出現(xiàn)在最后一個平行項目前面,其他的平行項目用逗號分割;在從句平行時,如果從句較長,可在and前面加上逗號。

      5、句子中可能會出現(xiàn)多組平行或者多層的平行,此時要區(qū)分不同的邏輯層次,區(qū)分在不同邏輯層次下的平行。比如:She argues THAT the agency acts WITH reckless abandon AND WITH disregard for human life AND property,AND THAT it should therefore be shut down.在這個句子中,出現(xiàn)了多組并列的對象,有可能在SC的原句中這些對象的排列是錯誤的,此時必須分清楚邏輯層次,把不同邏輯層次的平行對象分別處理好。

      6、區(qū)分真平行還是假平行:在使一個句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)上做到平行之前,必須首先確認句子的邏輯意思是否暗示了平行

      7、注意主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。除了表示實際動作的動詞,還有一些動詞是表示主語是什么,主語的狀態(tài)怎么樣的動詞,也就是系動詞。當使用系動詞表達主語的一些特點時,主語和賓語(實際是表語在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上是平行的(也就是必須是同一詞性、性質(zhì)的事物,同時在邏輯意思上也必須是平行的。

      以上是備考的同學(xué)在做GMAT考題時,必須要注意的7點。把這7點記住,考試時在平行結(jié)構(gòu)的考題上,出錯的概率會很小。

      結(jié)語: 之所以要在平行結(jié)構(gòu)上下功夫,是因為一個句子如果你直接可以將其分析到平行結(jié)構(gòu),那么,基本上就沒有再分析的必要了。因而,掌握好平行結(jié)構(gòu)就如同掌握了簡單句一樣,看到復(fù)雜的句子,我們直接一眼能分析出句子的核心簡單句是讀懂句子餓關(guān)鍵。

      黃璇同學(xué)和大家分享了這么多的經(jīng)驗不知道,同學(xué)們有沒有受到啟發(fā)呢?認真訓(xùn)練語法,總結(jié)規(guī)律,你也可以和黃璇同學(xué)一樣,進入高分學(xué)員榜。

      第二篇:GMAT邏輯專題:新東方高分學(xué)員經(jīng)驗分享(三)(精)(共)

      更多豐富的學(xué)習(xí)資料和新鮮度的考試資訊隨時放送給廣大G 友,敬請關(guān)注: 新gre 人人公共主頁:http://page.renren.com/601374366 新gmat 人人公共主頁:http://page.renren.com/601354805 GMAT 邏輯專題:新東方高分學(xué)員經(jīng)驗分享(三采訪對象:黃璇 GMAT 成績:740 單項成績:語文40數(shù)學(xué)50 所在學(xué)校:寧波諾丁漢大學(xué) 參加課程:GMAT*強化暑假住宿班

      黃璇同學(xué)在我們的采訪過程中,邏輯性很強,并且表達清楚。陽關(guān)健談的她,特別愿意將自己的GMAT 經(jīng)驗很大家一起分享。在此次采訪中,我們主要詢問了黃璇同學(xué)在邏輯備考方面的心得。讓我們一起走進黃璇同學(xué)來了解她的備考方法。

      【邏輯課上收獲多】

      黃璇同學(xué)告訴記者,在邏輯課上她的收獲就是,課上所講的所有知識點和解題技巧她都在以后的做題中應(yīng)用上了,并且特別管用。她也將在課上學(xué)到的很多解題技巧和大家分享。

      黃璇同學(xué)說,在課上,老師首先將題目分類,一共分為:削弱題、假設(shè)題、解釋題、評價題、歸納題、填空題、論證方法題。分為這幾個類別后,老師分別講解了每一種類型題的解題技巧。

      小璇說,老師在講削弱題告訴大家,選項中若出現(xiàn)some、not all、not every 等削弱詞的時候,一般不選;選項中若出現(xiàn)A 與B 比較的時候,除非A 在文章中出現(xiàn)過,否則不能選;條件句選項一般不能選。這三條規(guī)律是有關(guān)削弱題的。當然在課堂上,老師也講了其他的題型的做題方法。黃璇同學(xué)說,這是很有用的技巧。因為老師通過真題的總結(jié),得到了很多經(jīng)驗,因此這樣的技巧很適實用。

      黃璇同學(xué)說,這些考試技巧是在老師講過完整的做題思路之后才給大家的,因為怕大家只用技巧而忘記了學(xué)習(xí)真正的能力。

      另外,黃璇同學(xué)建議同學(xué)們先掌握老師在課堂上所講的做題的步驟和方法,再進行練習(xí),這樣的做題的正確率會有所提升。

      【邏輯訓(xùn)練有方法——掌握步驟做題準】

      黃璇同學(xué)說,其實在GMAT 的邏輯考試中,除了考試的技巧和考試的方法以外,從一開始時就訓(xùn)練自己的做題步驟是十分有必要的,因為在確立了做題步驟以后,同學(xué)們才能在排除無關(guān)干擾之后,真正的訓(xùn)練邏輯。黃璇同學(xué)告訴備考GMAT 邏輯的同學(xué)們,在做邏輯題時的主要步驟就是:

      1、找到文章的論據(jù)和結(jié)論。

      2、優(yōu)先選出否定句選項,挑出無關(guān)詞匯和極端詞匯。

      3、找到原題中與選項最接近的選項。

      4、去掉not 看是否是反對結(jié)論,或者直接挑出支撐文章的結(jié)論的選項。在這樣的思路指導(dǎo)下,黃璇同學(xué)做邏輯題就不再發(fā)愁,而且這種方法,老師在課上用的十分多,所以,在課堂上黃璇同學(xué)就已經(jīng)掌握了這種步驟以及這樣做的好處。因而她在即做 題中,也是按照這樣的步驟做的。所以效果很好。很快的就可以判斷出文章的哪個選項可以去掉,哪些選項是有可能的了。

      黃璇同學(xué)說,只有在步驟和技巧同時運用的基礎(chǔ)上,將題目又快有準的做出來才不是難事。因而只掌握技巧是遠遠不夠的,還要有做題方法、詞匯、語法等的分析。

      【學(xué)習(xí)方法因人而異】

      黃璇同學(xué)說,學(xué)習(xí)方法確實是因人而異的,因此老師在課上講的學(xué)習(xí)方法是可以在融入自己的理解后,變成新的學(xué)習(xí)方法的。比如,老師在課上講的邏輯題型的分類。在運用的過程中,同學(xué)們可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)只靠邏輯是遠遠不夠的,因而我們可以加上語法的分析。

      在有的句子看不懂時完全可以按照,句法成分的分析方法,加之邏輯的分析。同時在自己記錄錯題時一定要講錯題分類,這樣才能更有效的了解到自己到底是哪個環(huán)節(jié)薄弱,因而在今后的練習(xí)中,可以著重找到哪類題型來做。有的放矢的訓(xùn)練,才能真正的提高分數(shù),盡信書不如無書。

      同學(xué)們在平時做題時要認真的總結(jié)了自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法,特別是做邏輯題的方法。每想一種方法,或者遇到一個困難都要把他們寫出來,因為寫出來后便于自己查找。在備考GMAT 時是千萬不能馬虎的,因為一旦馬虎就容易錯過自己糾錯的機會。

      而且同學(xué)們也要正視錯題,做了錯題不要灰心,因為做錯題是發(fā)現(xiàn)問題的好機會。在同學(xué)們做提前都會看筆記看講義,但是只看不行動是不管用的。備考的同學(xué)們只有在看了講義并且認真做題后,才能領(lǐng)會到GMAT 邏輯考試的精髓。

      結(jié)語: GMAT 不僅是一場考試,也是對同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度和學(xué)習(xí)方法的一次檢驗。新東方也會為所有考生提供最良好的后背支持,以幫助同學(xué)們實現(xiàn)自己的夢想。當你了解了考試,戰(zhàn)勝了自己,你就不用再羨慕其他的高分學(xué)員,你已經(jīng)在GMAT 的考試中找到了自己,找到了未來的方向。你們只有一件事要去做那就是:堅定的向前走。

      第三篇:GMAT語法改錯

      GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      第一篇 總論

      一、GMAT句子改錯題的要求

      GMAT句子改錯題在筆考時,一般有22道題,限時25分鐘完成,其基本要求如下:Direction:In each of the following sentences,some part of the sentence or the entire sentence isunderlined.Beneath each sentence you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part.Thefirst of these repeats the original;the other four are different.If you think the original is the bestof these answer choices,choose answer A;otherwise,choose one of the others.Select the bestversion and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer sheet.

      This is a test of correctness and effectiveness of expression.In choosing answers,follow therequirements of standard written English;that is,pay attention to grammar,choice of words,and sentence construction.Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence;this an—swer should be clear mad exact,without awkwardness,ambiguity,redundancy,or grammaticalerror.在實行CAT考試后,該要求沒有變化,只不過題量減少了,約為16~18題。

      二、GMAT改錯題的正確選項的特征

      在GMAT中,改錯題與其他英語考試中的改錯題并不太一樣,它更強調(diào)表達的準確性和有效性,而不像TOEFL,只著重語法錯誤。那么,初學(xué)者會問,就ETS而言,在GMAT改錯中,當把正確答案替換到原句中,該句子應(yīng)具有什么樣的特征呢?筆者認為,該句子至少有以下3個特征:

      1.保證原句基本意思及保持原句重心。也就是說,句子的原意不能發(fā)生改變,同時原句的主從關(guān)系不能發(fā)生改變,作次要成分的不能充當句子的主要成分,而句子的主要成分不能下降為從屬地位,作修飾成分。

      2.意思單一,簡潔有效。即在句子中,不能出現(xiàn)模棱兩可、含糊不清的意思表示。同時表達盡量簡潔,不要I羅嗦,能用短語表達的,就不用從句;能用一個詞表示的,就不用詞組。

      3.5個中的最優(yōu)。而并非最完美的表達。

      下面:我們以一個例子來說明以上幾點:

      F—l Beatrix Potters,in her book illustrations,carefully coordinating them with her narratives,capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world.(A)Beatrix Potters,in her book illustrations,carefully coordinating them with her narratives,(B)In her book illustrations,carefully coordinating them with her narratives,Beatrix Potter(C)In her book illustrations,which she carefully coordinated with her narratives,Beat—rix Potter(D)Carefully 000rdinated with her narratives,Beatrix Potter,in her book illustrations,(E)Beatrix Potter,in her book illustrations,carefully coordinated them with her narra—tives and題解:A、B之所以錯,是因為它違反了意思單一原則,其中的coordinating分詞短語的修飾關(guān)系是模糊的,既可修飾illustrations,又可修飾后面的主句。D錯,是因為它違反了第一條原則:保證原句意思。其中coordinated過去分詞短語在句首,就表明了該短語修飾主語:Beatrix Porrer改變了句意。而E中,由于其將coordinate與capitalize并列作為主要謂語動詞,改變了本屬于從屬地位的coordinating短語,從而改變了句子重心(coordi-nate與capitalize兩個動作毫不相關(guān),并列起來不恰當)。C意思單一,which從句限定修飾illustrations,主從關(guān)系明確,因而為正確答案。答案:C

      GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      至于第三個特征,我們將在以后的相關(guān)例子中提到。

      三、GMAT解題方法

      1.抓住明顯錯誤進行排除:有時劃線部分中有明顯的語法錯誤或邏輯錯誤,我們就可由此作為突破口,進行排除,縮小包圍圈。

      F—2 The speculative fever of the Roaring Twenties infected rich and poor alike;vast quantities ofpeople were dangerously overextended,credit was absurdly easy to obtain,and most broderagehouses required only ten percent cash for stocks bought on ―margin.‖

      (A)rich and poor alike;vast quantities of people were dangerously overextended

      (B)both rich and poor alike;large amounts of people dangerously overextended them—selves(C)rich and poor alike;great numbers of people were dangerously overextended them—selves

      (D)both rich and poor alike;vast amounts of people dangerously overextended them—selves

      (E)both rich and poor;great quantities of people were dangerously overextended

      題解:看完劃線部分后,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個明顯的錯誤,即:A中用quantities來修飾可數(shù)名詞people,這在語法中是不能接受的,由此點錯誤,我們就可排除含有此錯誤點的A、E。同時,我們在對選項進行掃描的過程中,又發(fā)現(xiàn)B、D用amount來修飾people,這同樣是不能接受的。因而我們又可排除B,D。僅剩C可選。B,D、E中:both rich and poor alike的表達是噦嗦的,因為both和alike在語義上有重復(fù)。在本句中,需要提出的是:rich和poor之前并未加the,也可表示一類人的含義。答案:C

      2.利用未劃線部分尋找暗示和啟發(fā)。有時候僅就選項部分而言,會有幾個選項在表達上和句意上都是無可挑剔的。在此種情況下,再進行選項比較已毫無意義,而應(yīng)該把目光放寬一些,到未劃線部分中去尋找一些暗示。比如說劃線部分與未劃線部分在人稱上是否一致,在數(shù)上是否一致等等。這些暗示會使你確認,這幾個選項中僅有一個正確。

      F一3 Without hearing a word of—what is being—said or shouted,an experienced trader on thefloor of the stock exchange can listen to the hum of voices around them and tell what ishappening.(A)Without hearing a word of what is being said or shouted,an experienced trader

      (B)Without hearing a word of what is being said or shouted,experienced traders

      (C)Even though the person has not heard a word of what is being said or shouted,anexperienced trader

      (D)Even when the person has not heard a word that is being said or shouted,experiences traders(E)In spite of not hearing a word of what is being said or shouted,an experienced trader題解:根據(jù)下一篇所講的內(nèi)容,我們會很容易排除C,D、E(此處排除這三個選項的原因由大家在學(xué)完第二篇內(nèi)容后自行解決)。對于選項A、B,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者都說得通,只不過A中用單數(shù)主語,B用復(fù)數(shù)主語。此時,我們就需再回到未劃線部分,搜索能為我們證實A、B中某一個必對而另一個必錯的線索。當讀到句末的around them時,我們的目光會為之一亮。them從句意講,指代主句主語,同時them所指代的應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,因而A錯B對。答案:B

      3.利用對稱性解題:英語在行文上,像我們漢語一樣,也講究前后的對稱性。而這一點在比較句中,對照,對比句中和平行結(jié)構(gòu)中表現(xiàn)得尤為突出,即要求盡可能在語法功能上、表達形式上前后一致。我們則可通過未劃線部分中的表達形式及語法功能確定劃線部分中與之相對應(yīng)部分的語法功能及表達形式,很快排除錯誤選項。

      F一4 At ground level,ozone is a harmful pollutant,but.in the stratosphere it shields the earthGMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      from the most biologically harmful radiation emitted by the Sun,radiation in the ultravio-let band of the spectrum.

      (A)in the stratosphere

      (B)in the stratosphere,in which

      (C)it is in the stratosphere in、which

      (D)in the stratosphere where

      (E)it is in the stratosphere and

      題解:由but表明前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,即存在著對比。but之前的地點狀語是at ground level因而but之后用in the stratosphere,無論從結(jié)構(gòu)上還是形式上均與at ground level對稱。選A是正確的,B,D使but分句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。E改變句意,而C與but之前的形式缺乏對應(yīng)關(guān)系,表達啰嗦。

      答案:A

      4.以薄弱環(huán)節(jié)作為切入點:在GMAT改錯中,劃線部分中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的錯誤就是代詞指代混亂和限定性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞指代混亂。因而,如果劃線部分中出現(xiàn)了此兩類詞,在未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯錯誤之前,我們應(yīng)以此兩類詞為切人點,通過確認其真實指代對象與其語法指代對象是否一致來排除錯誤選項。

      F一5 The Gorton—Dodd bill requires that a bank disclose to their customers how long they willdelay access to funds from deposited checks.(A)that a bank disclose to their customers how long they will delay access to funds from

      deposited checks.

      (B)a bank to disclose to their customers how long they will delay access to funds from a

      deposited check.

      (C)that a bank disclose to its customers how long it will delay access to funds from depositedchecks。

      (D)a bank that it should disclose to its customers how long it will delay access to funds

      from a deposited check。

      (E)that banks disclose to customers how long access to funds from their deposited check

      is to be delayed.

      題解:劃線中出現(xiàn)了兩個代詞:they和their,首先需要確認其指代對象。在their之前未出現(xiàn)過復(fù)數(shù)名詞,而僅出現(xiàn)單數(shù)名詞a bank,從句意判斷,their本應(yīng)指代the bank。由此矛盾,我們可判斷their屬誤用,應(yīng)用its替代;同理第--4“they也應(yīng)用it替代。由此我們可排除含their或they的A、B、E。C、D比較,D有兩個缺陷:(1)require的用法不妥;(2)itscustomers和之后的a deposited check在數(shù)上是不一致的。而C中:require + that從句(帶虛擬語氣動詞)的用法正確,its customers和之后的checks在數(shù)上一致。答案:C

      5.通過比較答案來尋找解題思路:有時候,劃線部分既無明顯錯誤,又無對稱性可言,也不存在代詞指代問題。一眼看過去,劃線部分似乎沒有什么毛病,此時,我們就需要對5個選項進行比較,找出5個選項中的主要差異(1~2個),分析并代回原句中。從句意、表達上進行對比,確認句子的主要結(jié)構(gòu),排除錯誤選項。

      F一6 The technical term‖pagination‖is a process that leaves editors,instead of printers, assemblethe page images that become the metal or plastic plates used in printing.

      (A)is a process that leaves editors,instead of printers,assemble

      (B)refers to a process that allows editors,rather than printers,to assemble

      (C)is a process 1caving the editors,rather than printers,to assemble

      (D)refers to a process which allows editors,but not to printers,the assembly of

      GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      (E)has reference to the process leaving to editors,instead of the printer,assembling題解:第一遍讀劃線部分時,似乎看不出什么錯誤,但通過對5個選項進行比較后,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個差異:(1)謂語動詞用系動詞is,還是用行為動詞refer to。(2)that從句中:謂語動詞用leave還是allow。把第(1)個差異代人原句中,is代回―這個術(shù)語是一個過程”refer to代人原句,意為:―這個術(shù)語指一個過程“。從邏輯搭配上看,后者優(yōu)于前者,且表達句意,而前者句意模糊,不易理解。斷定此點后,我們就排除 A、C。同理,把差異(2)代入。allow明顯要比leave更適合與a process搭配。由此排除E。B、D比較,D有3個缺陷:(1)allow用法不當,應(yīng)使用allow sb.to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu);(2)but not to printers不如B中用rather thanprinters準確、簡潔。(3)公理中,我們提到過,除非先行詞為介賓,which不引導(dǎo)限制性從句,此處D違反了此原則。(詳看緊接著的公理部分)答案:B

      對于以上5種方法,作者在此提出兩點說明。

      (1)以上5種思路僅是解題基本方法,并未囊括也不可能囊括GMAT改錯中的所有方法。這是一個case-by-case,對有些題大家完全可以采用其他更快捷、更準確的方法來解題。(2)對于以上5種基本方法,希望大家不要僵化地、孤立地使用,而應(yīng)該靈活、有機地將5種方法結(jié)合在一起,達到更快、更準的解題目的。

      四、GMAT公理

      所謂公理,也就是經(jīng)過人們長期實踐檢驗、不需要證明同時也無法去證明的客觀規(guī)律,如我們在初中平面幾何開篇所學(xué)的―兩點之間可以畫一條直線,并且只可以畫一條直線‖,―三點確定一個平‖等公理。而正是在這些公理的基礎(chǔ)上,才建立起平面幾何這門學(xué)科。同樣,在我們的GMAT改錯中,存在一些不言自明、經(jīng)過實踐總結(jié)的規(guī)律,它們對我們的解題有極大幫助,我們把它們命名為―GMAT公理‖。不過,這里的公理,并不像平面幾何的公理一樣,可以放之四海而皆準,即:使用這些公理,有些可以保證我們100%的正確性,而有些可能只能保證95%以上的正確性,另外的5%,可能需要與句意共同考慮來選擇一個最優(yōu)。畢竟,GMAT改錯是一種對語言表達的有效性、簡潔性的考核,是有靈活性的,而不像平面幾何那樣是一門要求嚴密邏輯的科學(xué)。不過就這些GMAT公理在解題中所起到的巨大貢獻而言,它們的那些微小的局限性可忽略不計。

      下面是對這些公理的具體敘述。

      1.在我們通常使用的there be句型中,以下幾種表達必定錯。(1)there could be done sth.(2)there be sth.done(3)there being+名詞詞組(4)there was sth.(抽象性表動作的名詞),如there was a transmission的表達不對。一般來說GMAT中there be僅用于―某處有某物‖,而此物是指一具體名詞,如 wolf,stone,star,而不是指 抽象名詞:如 conversion,relation等。(其中done代表過去分詞。)

      2.在表示某人有某種能力做某事的意思,最佳答案的選擇依據(jù)是,can do>be able to do>has(have)ability to do>has(have)a capability of doing…。(其中―>‖指―優(yōu)先于”,有can do就不用含有be able to do的選項,在選項中不含有can do時,再找有be able to的選項,依此類推。

      3.在從句中,以下連接詞或引導(dǎo)詞值得特別注意:

      (1)which(或代詞 it)絕對不可指代前面的整個句子,而此用法在一般語法書中均是可以接受的

      (2)because不可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句;

      (3)賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞that一般不能省略;

      (4)if絕不可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,如要表示―是否“,只能用whether引導(dǎo);

      (5)對不作為介詞賓語的事物做限定性修飾,只用that而不用which。而which僅用于引導(dǎo)對介賓進行修飾的限定性從句和引導(dǎo)非限定性從句。

      GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      4.在require、demand等表―建議,命令”意義的詞之后的that從句,要求用虛擬語氣動詞,即動詞原形,不加should。

      5.絕不可以單獨使用this,these來指代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞,而絕對要通過換用其他人稱代詞,或重復(fù)前面出現(xiàn)的名詞或者改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)來避免這樣非正式且模糊的指代。如sth.of this kind,like this/these等模糊表達均要用such + n.(n.即重復(fù)this,these所指代的對象)來取代,意為―這些…‖。另外,在“such.that‖結(jié)構(gòu)中,such只修飾具體名詞,而不修飾抽象名詞(女I rapidity,severity)。

      6.絕對不可以單獨使用that指代前面的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,而一般是用that of+n.結(jié)構(gòu)指代或換用其他表達方式。(可參看第十一章中 it/they,one/ones,that/ttx~指代的區(qū)別)

      7.當我們需要舉例時,一律用such as結(jié)構(gòu),而不用like。

      8.在GMAT改錯題中,ETS傾向于用主動語態(tài)而非用被動語態(tài),也就是說,當用主動或用被動語態(tài)的選項在語法和句意上都無錯誤時,選擇用主動語態(tài)表達的選項,即―主動優(yōu)先原則”。

      9.在GMAT中,關(guān)于being的以下使用必錯:(1)being + n.(2)being + adj.(3)as being+n./adj/v-ing,因為在以上表達中,being屬多余。

      10.當我們對一動賓結(jié)構(gòu)進行替代時,不用do it,一律用do so。

      11.介詞短語:on account of,because of,despite(in spite of),as a result of之后只跟簡單的名詞短語。若其后跟的是動名詞或名詞所有格+動名詞短語,或名詞短語之后用一復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)在分、詞來修飾時,應(yīng)改為與其相同意義的連詞because,although等引導(dǎo)的從句形式。12.幾種簡潔的表達方式:

      (1)n.that is(are)adj.必然要換為adj.+n.的名詞短語結(jié)構(gòu),如:a man who is poor的選項必錯,而應(yīng)選含有a poor man的選項.(2)當表示謂語部分,尤其是表示實義動詞的含義時,就直接用其動詞形式表示,而不要用名詞形式或形容詞形式表示,如:be a cause一定會被cause(動詞)替代;be suggestive of就一定會被suggest所替代。

      (3)一些常見詞的替換方式:not any一定會被no替代;that which一定會被what替代;having been done會被done(作限定詞)所替代.13.平行結(jié)構(gòu)的最后一個成分之前必定有一個連詞and,0r,neither,nor或as well as,否則此并列結(jié)構(gòu)必存在問題。如:to do A,do B,do C的表達就必然錯誤,而必然是被to doA,do B,and do C或to do A,to do B,and to do C替代。

      14.在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中,對于―不是…而是‖的結(jié)構(gòu),ETS傾向于用rather than,而很少用instead of。在具體實戰(zhàn)中,若5個選項中存在這兩個詞組的互換,請直接在含rather than的選項中找答案,除非含rather than的結(jié)構(gòu)有語法或邏輯錯誤,再到含有instead of的選項中找答案。

      15.若在題中的劃線部分(即A選項)中出現(xiàn)情態(tài)動詞,那么在最后的正確答案中必須有此情態(tài)動詞或類似語氣的詞出現(xiàn)。實戰(zhàn)中,此原則可轉(zhuǎn)化為:不含此情態(tài)動詞或類似語氣詞的選項均為錯誤選項,立即排除.GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      第二篇 實戰(zhàn)篇

      通過上一篇的簡單概述,我們對GMAT的改錯要求,相應(yīng)的解題技巧和原則有了初步的了解。但是,僅有上述的條條框框,顯然不足以讓我們這些MBA精英順利攻陷ETS的防線,正如一個光懂紙上談兵而無任何實戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗的將軍在戰(zhàn)場上只能鎩羽而歸一樣。因而在本篇中,筆者試圖通過分類,把繁多而復(fù)雜的改錯真題匯集在一個個小的section中,對典型題型進行詳細剖析,使讀者能盡快掌握GMAT改錯題的規(guī)律,逐步提高大家的實戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗,能夠迅速把握ETS“排兵布陣‖的套路,并識破其設(shè)置的各種―路障‖,從而在本部分取得好成績,為最后攻陷ETS防線打下堅實基礎(chǔ)。

      在此指導(dǎo)思想下,本篇的布局結(jié)構(gòu)如下:

      一、本篇分12個section

      二、在每一個section中,首先是一些必要語法知識的補充(考慮到大多數(shù)商業(yè)人士的語法知識已經(jīng)比較模糊);接著是該類下的小分類及典型題型剖析,其中包括題解、解題技巧和語法點提示,最后是一些練習(xí)題及練習(xí)題的答案。

      三、學(xué)完本篇之后,會有3個test用來做???綜合本篇中所有考試重點)。

      需要強調(diào)的是:

      1.本書著重實用,其分類體系與一般語法書分類不完全一致。

      2.讀者在使用此書時,應(yīng)先做題后看題解。

      第一章 名詞詞組與動名詞

      一提到名詞,大家腦海中可能會蹦出名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)等概念。在 GMAT改錯中,這些較少成為考試的重點,更多而且更難的是,ETS經(jīng)常考查我們對名詞的強調(diào)狀態(tài)性和動名詞強調(diào)動作性的深入理解及名詞詞組的中心詞(或核心詞)的辨認。而這些恰恰是我們在平常學(xué)習(xí)較少或根本未考慮的問題,并且這些考點在選項中迷惑性特別大,以致我們GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      初學(xué)時覺得每個選項都差不多,不知應(yīng)該選哪一個。為此,我們將對以上幾個難點分別給以詳細解釋。一、一般抽象名詞與動名詞之間的選擇

      一般來說,我們認為動名詞可以充當名詞,但它強調(diào)的是一種動作;而我們說的一般抽象名詞,表明的則是一種狀態(tài),或者是動作的結(jié)果。比如說,動名詞burning強調(diào)燃燒這個動作,而combustion則強調(diào)這種燃燒動作的結(jié)果,表明了一種狀態(tài)。For example:1—1 Contrary to earlier conjectures,it may be that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide as a

      result of burning fossil fuels would cool the globe by reducing the amount of solar energy

      absorbed by snow.

      (A)increased atmospheric carbon dioxide as a result of burning

      (B)increased atmospheric carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion of

      (C)increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere resulting from the combustion of

      (D)carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that increased from burnying

      (E)atmospheric carbon dioxide that increased from burning

      題解:題意是由于化石燃料的燃燒而增加的大氣中的CO2會通過減少雪吸收的太陽能量而降低全球溫度。A中as a result of使用不妥,因為該詞組總是作為狀語來修飾整個句子的,而不能修飾一個名詞,此處修飾dioxide是不對的;接著通過B、C的提示,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)B、C用combustion代替burning。剛才我們已提過,前者指結(jié)果,而后者指動作。那么,究竟是―燃燒這個動作導(dǎo)致了CO2的增加‖呢?還是―燃燒后的結(jié)果導(dǎo)致了CO2的增加‖呢?對比后,我們覺得后者是合乎邏輯的。由于確定了用combustion代替burning,則A、D、E均為錯;B、C用resulting from代替了as a result of,改正了此處錯誤。B、C中最大的區(qū)別在于是用過去分詞increased還是increasing修飾CO2,我們知道,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、持續(xù)的動作,而過去分GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      詞作定語表示被動、完成的動作。在本句中,CO2后的resulting from

      已充分表明increase是被動動作,因而我們選B不選C。另外,C中把原句的atmospheric改為后置的in the atmosphere修飾,是不簡潔的,B中的increased和atmospheric共同修飾CQ是很簡潔的表達方式。答案.B

      解題技巧:GMAT中,在選擇用increased還是用increasing修飾名詞時,幾乎都用increased語法點提示:it may be that... …是可能的

      1—2 Rather than continue to produce most of the items necessary for subsistence, a growing

      number of farm families during the first decades of the nineteenth century began to

      specialize in the production of grain or cotton and to use the cash proceeds from selling their

      crops for buying necessities.

      (A)selling their crops for buying

      (B)the sales of their crops for buying

      (C)their selling of crops SO as to buy

      (D)their selling crops for buying of

      (E)the sale of their crops to buy 題解:本題中有三個語法點值得注意:rather than短語在句首,continue用原形與主語中的began相對應(yīng)(在第五章平行結(jié)構(gòu)中有對rather than的用法詳述),specialize in sth.及usesth.to do sth.。在這里,仍然是在考查用selling還是用sales的選擇。同上題一樣,在心 中默問自己:cash proceeds 是來自銷售這個動作 selling 呢,還是來自于銷售谷物后的結(jié)果sales?從邏輯上講,用sales更好,再加上Use的用法,我們可選擇E。其實,在考試現(xiàn)場,如果你熟悉use的用法的話,那么只有一個選項可供選,即E。答案:E

      語法點提示:specialize in sth.; Use sth.to do sth.

      GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      二、動名詞的名詞化

      指當某一動詞無相應(yīng)的同源名詞形式,但又需要用它來表示一個狀態(tài)性動作時,可通過在該動詞的.ing形式前面加上冠詞a或者the來達到此目的。需引起注意的是,如一動詞有相應(yīng)的名詞形式,就應(yīng)直接用名詞形式而不是用動名詞形式。如increasing就不能作名詞形式,因為inc般瞬本身可作名詞。另外某些動名詞已成為名詞形式:如lending(借貸),就可直接使用。

      1—3 New theories propose that catastrophic impacts of asteroids and comets may have caused

      reversals in the Earth‘s magnetic field, the onset of ice ages, splitting apart continents

      80million years ago, and great volcanic eruptions.(A)splitting apart continents

      (B)the splitting apart of continents

      (C)split apart continents

      (D)continents split apart

      (E)continents that were split apart

      題解:根據(jù)句意看,劃線部分應(yīng)該表明一種狀態(tài),是指80 million years ago的那次分離,只有這樣才能與其余部分并列起來形成平行結(jié)構(gòu)(第五章.):磁極的顛倒,冰川時期的開始,大陸的分離及火山的爆發(fā)。由此可排除A,它是動名詞詞組,強調(diào)動作,與其余名詞詞組的都不匹配;C.是一個動賓詞組,結(jié)構(gòu)上不對應(yīng);D是一個句子,結(jié)構(gòu)不對;E與原句意思相差太遠,原句指那次分離,E卻指被分離的大陸;因而只有B是最正確,通過在splitting前加上 the 表明了是發(fā)生在 8 億年前的那一次分離,而不是其他時期的分離。apart ofcontinents短語對the splitting作修飾。答案:B

      1-4 One view of the economy contends that a large drop in oil prices should eventually lead toGMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      lowering interest rates, as well as lowering tears about inflation, a rally in stocks and bonds, anda weakening of the dollar.(A)lowing interest rates,as well as lowering fears about inflation,(B)a lowering of interest rates and of fears about inflation,(C)a lowering of interest rates,along with fears about inflation,(D)interest rates being lowered,along with fears about inflation,(E)interest rates and fears about inflation being lowered,with

      題解:劃線部分其實是一個并列賓語中的一個部分。根據(jù)劃線部分后的―股票和債券市場的止跌回穩(wěn)及美元的疲軟”,可以斷定劃線部分的意思是:利率的降低和對通貨膨脹的恐懼的降低。由此可推斷出D、E中的中心詞為interest rates不對,因為未劃線的平行結(jié)構(gòu)中均是抽象名詞(a rally,a weakening)為中心詞,而interest rates是一具體名詞,且D中的along withfears about inflation與原意的―恐懼的減少‖剛好相反;E中with是無根據(jù)的,破壞了平行結(jié)構(gòu);A是動名詞詞組,符合狀態(tài)性名詞并列的要求;B、C的a lowering達到了名詞化效果,但C中的along with介短語含義是模糊的,它有可能指利率降低伴隨著恐懼減少,更可能是指lead to的一個賓語部分,即導(dǎo)致恐懼,這正好與原意相反。而B中interest rates和fears之間加上and,并在and之后補上of,表明了即兩者同時的降低,正確表達了原意。注意此處:在fear之前補出of的重要性,明確fears about inflation是of的賓語,進而修飾a lowering。另外,未劃線部分的a weakening of dollar實際上已提示我們劃線部分應(yīng)采用與其相同的形式。答案:B

      三、名詞的泛指和特指

      名詞的泛指和特指在英語表達中非常重要,兩者的用法及意義是不同的。一般來說,特指明確,范圍窄,不會產(chǎn)生歧義;而泛指模糊,范圍寬會有歧義。要表明一個名詞特指,通GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      常手法是在前面加冠詞the、物主代詞或其他限定詞;而要表明一個名詞泛指,則在前面加a或不加限定詞(可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)),兩者所用場合不同,混用必然導(dǎo)致錯誤。

      1—5C0nsuinerS may not think of household cleaning products to be hazardous substances,butmany of them can be harmful to health especially ii they are used improperly.(A)Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be

      (B)Consumers may not think of household cleaning products being

      (C)A consumer may not think of their household cleaning products being

      (D)A consumer may not think of household cleaning products as(E)Household cleaning products may not be thought of,by consumers, as

      題解:在本句中考到一個習(xí)慣用法:think of sth.a(chǎn)s sth.。A、B、C中think of sth.to be或think of sth.being都不符合習(xí)慣;E在明顯有動作執(zhí)行者customers的情況下,用了被動語態(tài)。我們在第一篇―公理‖中已強調(diào)主動優(yōu)先于被動,D為正確答案。你會說,D中用a customer而原句是customers,兩者并不一致。上面我們說過,a customer和customers均為泛指,含義上是無區(qū)別的,都代表一類人:顧客。答案:D

      1—6 In the face of widespread concern about environmental waste,compact disc manufacturersare attempting to find a replacement for the disposable plastic box in which they package theirproduct.

      (A)the disposable plastic box in which they

      (B)the disposable plastic box where they

      (C)a disposable plastic box in which to

      (D)disposable plastic boxes inside which they

      (E)the disposable plastic boxes in which to

      GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      題解:把劃線部分的定語從句還原,就是:they package their products in boxes。因而A沒有錯誤;同時可看出D是錯的,介詞inside的使用不準確。此句的關(guān)鍵在于:判定disposableplastic box是特指還是泛指。從句意上看,這種盒子是現(xiàn)有的,并用于包裝特定產(chǎn)品的,顯然應(yīng)該用特指,因而在前面應(yīng)加the,由此排除C;B中用where是模糊的,在GMAT公理中,我們已強調(diào)在引導(dǎo)定語從句時,in which或其他介詞+which一定優(yōu)先于where;只剩A和E,E有the,且in which to的表達方式很簡潔,E豈不比A更好?但E的缺陷在于它用了復(fù)數(shù)形式boxes而非A中的單數(shù)box,A表明現(xiàn)有的這一種盒子,在特指的情況下包括了很廣的范圍(整個compact disc行業(yè)),而E中的the boxes卻把范圍縮小了,似乎表明某一批或某一時期的這么多的盒子,顯然A反映了原意。從集合角度理解為:the box,表示全集,theboxes是the box的一個子集。答案:A

      四、名詞詞組中的核心詞

      所謂核心詞,即除去名詞詞組中的所有修飾成分所剩下的那個名詞,它正確表達了原句的主要意思。比如說:在a of b中,a就是核心詞,而b不是。這一點,我們中國學(xué)生經(jīng)常忽略,開始理解起來也不太容易。而ETS就喜歡在此點上出題,把一些修飾詞名詞化,而把核心名詞形容詞化,或?qū) of b結(jié)構(gòu)換成b of a結(jié)構(gòu),從而造成混淆,導(dǎo)致考生失分。1—7 Following the nutrition board‘s advice on salt consumption would mean a virtual end of theof salt in cooking, and avoidance of obviously salty foods, and reducing the reliance on processedfoods that contain significant amounts of often hidden sodium.(A)reducing the reliance processed foods that contain significant amounts of often hidden sodium(B)reducing the reliance on processed foods containing often hidden but significant amounts ofsodium

      (C)a reduction of the reliance on processed food, containing as they do often hidden sodium inGMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      significant amounts

      (D)a reduced reliance on the significant amounts of hidden sodium often contained in processedfoods

      (E)a reduced reliance on processed foods that contain significant but often hidden amounts ofsodium

      題解:根據(jù)前面知識,可以看出,劃線部分與前面的a virtual end和鋤avoidance是并列的,因而以reducing開頭的選項必錯(它需要名詞化),所以A、B可排除;C中名詞詞組的中心詞是reduction,D、E中均為reliance,根據(jù)句意理解,劃線部分的名詞詞組的核心詞,應(yīng)該是reliance而不是reduction。如果你覺得對于此點不好理解,我們可以暫時回避此問題。繼續(xù)看C項,發(fā)現(xiàn)另一個致命錯誤:containing +as從句的表達不夠簡潔,不如用一形容詞短語,由此可以確認C錯;再看D、E,在介詞on后面,你又會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個中心詞的選擇問題,是reliance on sodium還是reliance on foods,不過,這個選擇比起前一個中心詞選擇簡單得多,顯然應(yīng)該是后者,而D弄錯了reliance的對象,注意E對sodium的修飾語做了小修改,significant和hidden amounts of是對sodium的并列修飾,中間用but often(but表轉(zhuǎn)折,often修飾hidden)連接,清楚而準確地表明了―大量的但卻總是隱藏的鹽“的含意。答案:E

      五、對抽象名詞的解釋:是用of that同位語從句呢?

      一般來說,抽象名詞后可用of或that對其做詳細解釋,但何時應(yīng)用of短語,何時應(yīng)用that同位語從句并無一定論(類似的抽象名詞:如likelihood,possibility,theory,hypothesis等)。在這里,我們給出三條原則進行判定。

      1.根據(jù)我們上面所說的中心詞原則,通過對選項中的of后的內(nèi)容(核心詞)與that從句內(nèi)容比較,一般都能從意思上判定出。

      2.a(chǎn) fact后一般跟that同位語,importance一般后面跟of介詞短語做解釋,conclusionGMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      ofsth.指sth.的結(jié)局或結(jié)果,而conclusion that是對conclusion的具體解釋。

      3.實用原則:如發(fā)現(xiàn)抽象名詞之后的of短語是一個簡短的名詞詞組,則此結(jié)構(gòu)必正確;若of短語之后是一個復(fù)雜的名詞短語(套著從句或其他繁冗的修飾成分)或是一個較長的動名詞短語,選項基本上都改為that從句修飾,因為這樣簡潔而準確,而用of短語修飾是笨拙的,且辭不達意。另外,如果題目是在抽象名詞之后劃線,選項中有用of或有用that從句對其進行解釋。答案均為含that從句的選項。

      1—8 The brochure notes that in the seminar the—importance that communication is atwo-way.process will be emphasized.(A)importance that communication is a two-way process will be emphasized

      (B)importance of communication as a two-way process will be emphasized(c)importance of communication being a two-way process will be the emphasis

      (D)fact will be emphasized that communication is a two-way process and of importance

      (E)emphasis will be that communication being a two-way process is important

      題解:根據(jù)我們上面提到的第二條原則,A是錯的(在GMAT中出現(xiàn)的importance的句子,都無一例外地使用importance of結(jié)構(gòu)。B選項符合我們的原則。C與B幾乎一樣,惟一區(qū)別是用being代替B中的as,在上一篇―公理‖中我們提到過,being屬多余,在GMAT很少用,出現(xiàn)的地方幾乎都是錯誤選項(惟有兩句例外,碰到時我們會提到)。D中用fact +that同位語從句與B的名詞短語比起來,顯得冗長和笨拙,并且它改變了原意(交流是一個雙向過程的重要性),改成了―交流是雙向的并且是重要的‖,這種對原意的篡改是不能接受的;E中being的使用是絕對錯誤的,同時,它也改變了原句句意,原句認為:??交流是雙向的重要性將會在討論中被強調(diào)‖,而E改成了―在討論中,交流的雙向性是重要的這一話題將是重點‖,顯然―討論中的強調(diào)問題”與―重點‖并不完全一致。答案:B

      GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      1—9 Stable interest rates on long—term bonds are the financial market‘s vote of confidence in theFederal Reserve keeping in control of inflation.(A)in the Federal Reserve keeping in control of inflation

      (B)that the Federal Reserve will keep inflation under 00ntrol

      (C)for the Federal Reserve,that it would keep control of inflation

      (D)that inflation will be kept control of by the Federal Reserve

      (E)that inflation would be kept control of by the Federal Reserve

      題解:根據(jù)核心詞原則,A表示對美聯(lián)儲的信心。而句意卻是:這種信心,即美聯(lián)儲能把通貨膨脹控制下來的信心。同時,A中的keep in control of sth.的用法不對,應(yīng)是keep sth.undercontrol。另外補充一種用法take(gain)control of對…控制;lu-1~C錯,同時C的介詞用錯,用in而不是for,即confidence in sth.,其中的that從句不知作什么成分。通過以上排除,剩下B、D、E(注:其實通過剛才的第三條原則,可以很快到達這一步),我們發(fā)現(xiàn)D、E中共同的結(jié)構(gòu)是被動語態(tài),且還出現(xiàn)了動作的執(zhí)行者by the Federal Reserve,根據(jù)GMAT傾向主動原則,B為正確答案。

      六、對名詞的幾種修飾方法

      1.n.+ adj.短語,如:the jobs available to Women

      2.n.+介詞短語,如:a child with reading problems

      3.a(chǎn)dv.+V.-ed+n.,如:seemingly limited number

      4.n.+v.-ed短語或-ing短語

      5.n.,V.-ed短語或-ing短語,that從句(對名詞的復(fù)雜修飾,有二重修飾,第一重是分詞短語的修飾,第二重是限定性從句的修飾),如例7—8

      6·n.,which從句,of sth.(同樣是二重修飾,第一重是which的非限定性從句修飾,第GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      二重是介詞短語of sth.的修飾)

      1—10 Dr.Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize for discovering how the body can constantly changeits genes to fashion a seeming unlimited number of antibodies,each specifically targeted at aninvading microbe or foreign substance.(A)seeming unlimited number of antibodies,each specifically targeted at

      (B)seeming unlimited number of antibodies,each targeted specifically to

      (C)seeming unlimited number of antibodies,all specifically targeted at

      (D)seemingly unlimited number of antibodies,all of them targeted specifically to

      (E)seemingly unlimited number of antibodies,each targeted specifically at

      題解:根據(jù)未劃線部分的an invading microbe及每個選項中都有的specially,可斷定targeted分詞短語修飾單數(shù)形式each,而不是復(fù)數(shù)形式all,由此可排除c、D;在A、B中名詞短語seeming unlimited number表明seeming和unlimited共同修飾number,即為―看上去的、不受限制的數(shù)量?!鳨中,seemingly unlimited number 表明seemingly修飾形容詞u11limited,unlimited修飾名詞number,意為―看上去不受限制的數(shù)量‖,顯然,A、B中該名詞短語的意思不符合邏輯,而E的表達清楚。另外,target是與at搭配,而不與to連用。答案:E

      語法點提示:本句有兩個習(xí)慣表達,win sth.for sth./doing sth.因…而獲得…; targetat 把…作為目標。

      七、動名詞

      語法準備:動名詞的構(gòu)成:動詞+ing;在語法功能上有名詞的性質(zhì),但強調(diào)動作;動名詞主語、表語及動詞或介詞的賓語;有些動詞短語是由―動詞+to‖構(gòu)成,這個to不是不定式的符號,而是介詞,后面要跟動名詞,如:adhere to(堅持、粘附),attribute to(歸因),contributeto(促成,捐助),resort to(求助),assent to(同意),aspire to(渴望),appeal to(吸引),attach to(隸GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      屬,附著),yield to(屈服于),look forward to(期望),object to(反對)等;有些動詞定額管理只能跟動名詞作賓詞,如:advocate appreciatc avoid deny enjoy fancy imagine justifymiss postpone practice prevent quit resist risk suggest warrant 等。

      1——11 Recently there has been increased debate over if a budget surplus should go towardslower taxes or increased spending on social programs.(A)over if a budget surplus should go towards lower taxes or increased spending

      (B)over whether a budget surplus should go towards lowering taxes or increasing spending

      (C)about a budget surplus going towards lower taxes or increasing spending

      (D)about if lower taxes should come from budget surplus or spending increases

      (E)concerning a budget surplus and its going towards lower taxes or increased spending

      題解:劃線句意:預(yù)算是否應(yīng)該用于降低稅收或增加在公益性項目上的毫出。根據(jù)GMAT公理,if不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,因而A錯,A中另一錯誤是lower taxes和increased spending詞組強調(diào)狀態(tài),而題意強調(diào)動作:降低稅收或增加支出;D用if是錯的,且if從句中意思也大大改變;C、E中介詞towards后的詞組仍未能體現(xiàn)動作化名詞的要求,且它們強調(diào)的核心詞與原旬核心詞相差甚遠;B糾正A中的兩個錯誤:whether替換了if,towards之后用動名詞短語作介詞賓語替換了名詞短語,清楚準確地表達了原句意思。答案:B

      語法點提示:go towards sth.(一部分錢)用于做…;debate over sth.關(guān)于…的辯論,concerning(介詞),意為關(guān)于…

      EXERCI SES

      16題,限時20分鐘

      E1—1 Once an apolitical confrontation of the world‘s best athletes,the Summer Olympics have

      been increasingly politicized in recent years as the superpowers have denied many of theGMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      best athletes access to competition.

      (A)been increasingly politicized

      (B)been increasing politicization

      (C)been of increased politicization

      (D)politicized,increasingly,(E)increased politicization

      E1—2 The economic forces which may affect the new public offering of stock include sudden

      downturns in the market,hedging and other investor strategies for preventing losses,loosing the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be

      undercapitalized.

      (A)loosing the interest rates in Washington,and fearing the company may still beundercapitalized

      (B)loosening the interest rates in Washington,and a fear of the company still being

      undercapitalized

      (C)a loosening of the interest rates in Washington,and fearing that the company may

      still be undercapitalized

      (D)a loosening of the interest rates in Washington,and a fear of the still undercapitalizedcompany

      (E)a loosening of the interest rates in Washington,and a fear that the company may

      still be undercapitalized

      E1—3 Among the reasons for the decline of New England agriculture in the last three decades

      were the high cost of land,the pressure of housing and commercial development,andGMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and

      California.(A)basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida andCalifornia

      (B)basing a marketing and distribution system on the imported produce of Florida andCalifornia(C)basing a system of marketing and distribution on the import of produce from Florida andCalifornia

      (D)a marketing and distribution system based on importing produce from Florida andCalifornia

      (E)a marketing and distribution system importing produce from Florida and CaliforniaEl一4 School integration plans that involve busing between suburban and central—city areas

      have contributed,according to a recent study,to significant increases in housing

      integration, which, in turn reduces any future need for busing.(A)significant increases in housing integration,which, in turn, reduces

      (B)significant integration increases in housing,which, in turn, reduces

      (C)increase housing integration significantly,which, in turn, reduces

      (D)increase housing integration significantly,in turn reducing

      (E)significantly increase housing integration,which, in turn, reduce

      E1—5 South Korea has witnessed the world‘s most dramatic growth of Christian congregations:

      church membership is expanding by 6.6 percent a year, fully two-thirds of the growth

      coming from conversions rather than the population increasing.GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      (A)coming from conversions rather than the population increasing

      (B)coming from conversions rather than increases in the population

      (C)coming from conversions instead of the population‘s increasing

      (D)is from conversations instead of population increases

      (E)is from conversions rather than increasing the increases

      E1—6 Many investors base their choice between bonds and stocks on comparing bondyields to the dividends available on common stocks.(A)between bonds and stocks on comparing bond yields to

      (B)among bonds and stocks on comparisons of bond yields to

      (C)between bonds and stocks on comparisons of bond yields with

      (D)among bonds and stocks on comparing bond yields and

      (E)between bonds and stocks on comparing bond yields with

      E1—7 A ―calendar stick‖carved centuries ago by the Winnebago tribe may provide the firstevidence that the North American Indians have developed advanced full-year calendars basingthem on systematic astronomical observation.(A)that the North American Indians have developed advanced full-year calendars basingthem

      (B)of the North American Indians who have developed advanced full-year calendars andbasing them

      (C)of the development of advanced full-year calendars by North American Indians,basing them

      (D)of the North American Indians and their development of advanced full-year calendarsGMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      based

      (E)that the North American Indians developed advanced full-—year calendars based

      E1—8 Gall‘s hypothesis of there being different mental functions localized in different partsof the brain is widely accepted today.(A)of there being different mental functions localized in different parts of the brain iswidely accepted today

      (B)of different mental functions that are localized in different parts of the brain is widelyaccepted tobay

      (C)that different mental functions ale localized in different parts of the brain is widely

      accepted today

      (D)which is that there are different functions localized in different parts of the brain is

      widely accepted today

      (E)which is widely accepted today is that there are different mental functions localized

      in different parts of the brain

      E1—9 The rising of costs of data-processing operations at many financial institutions hascreateda growing opportunity for independent companies to provide these services moreefficiently and at lower cost.

      (A)The rising of costs

      (B)Rising costs

      (C)The rising cost

      (D)Because the rising cost

      (E)Because of rising cost

      GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      E1—10 The decision by one of the nation‘s largest banks to admit to$30 billion in potential

      losses on foreign loans could mean less lending by commercial banks to developingcountries and increasing the pressure on multigovernment lenders to supply the fund.

      (A)increasing the pressure

      (B)the increasing pressure

      (C)increased pressure

      (D)the pressure increased

      (E)the pressure increasing

      E1—11 In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminalcharges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than$16 million in civil damages forcars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected.(A)cars that were test—driven with their odometers disconnected

      (B)cars that it had test—driven with disconnected odometers

      (C)its cars having been test—driven with disconnected odometers

      (D)having test—driven cars with their odometers disconnected

      (E)having cars that were test—driven with disconnected odometers

      El一12 A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence supporting thetheory of global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact t—h—at contributed to the extinction ofthe dinosaurs and many other creatures some 65 million years ago.

      (A)supporting the theory of global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact that

      (B)supporting the theory that global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact

      (C)that supports the theory of global forest fires that were ignited by a meteorite impact andGMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      that

      (D)in support of the theory that global forest fires were ignited by meteorite impact and that

      (E)of support for the theory of a meteorite impact that ignited global forest fires and

      E1—13 Archaeologists in Ireland believe that a recently discovered chalice.which datesfrom the eighth century,was probably buried to keep from being stolen by invaders.

      (A)to keep from

      (B)to keep it from

      (C)to avoid

      (D)in order that it would avoid

      (E)in order to keep from

      E1—14 As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate,less people will enter the laborforce in the 1980‘sthandid in the 1960‘s and 1970‘s ,a twenty-year period during which peopleborn after the war swelled the ranks of workers.(A)lass people will enter the labor force in the 1980‘S than(B)le88 people will be entering the labor force in 1980‘S as

      (C)fewer people will enter the labor force in the 1980‘S as

      (D)fewer people will be entering the labor force in the 1980‘S as

      (E)fewer people will enter the labor force in the 1980‘S than

      E1—15 It appears illogical to some people that West Germany.which bans such seeminglesser evils as lawn-moving on Sundays,still has some 4,000 miles of highway with no speedlimit.

      (A)which bans such seeming lesser evils as

      GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      (B)which bans such seemingly lesser evils as

      (C)which is banning such seeming lesser evils like

      (D)banning such evils that seem lesser,for example

      (E)banning such seeming lesser evils like

      E1—16 In 1933 the rubber,clothing,and shipbuilding industries put into effect a six.hourworkday,believing it a seeming permanent accommodation rather than a temporary expedient forwhat many observers thought was an economy made overproduction by advances in technology.

      (A)believing it a seeming permanent accommodation rather than a temporary expedient forwhat many observers thought Was

      (B)believing it a seeming permanent accommodation instead of a temporary expedient.forwhat many observers thought Was

      (C)believing that it Was not a temporary expedient but a seeming permanent accommodationto what many observers thought of as a

      (D)not as a temporary expedient but as a seemingly permanent accommodation towhat many observers thought Was

      (E)not as a temporary expedient but believing it a seemingly permanent accommodation forwhat many observers thought

      The keys to Exercises 1.A 2.E 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.E 8.C 9.C 10.C11.D12.B 13.C 14.E 15.B 16.D

      練習(xí)題題解:

      E1—1答案:A D、E中的主動語態(tài)不對,句意是強調(diào)―政治化‖這一動作,而不是一固定的狀態(tài)。

      GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      E1—2答案:E本句是一組名詞詞組的并列,而劃線部分的動名詞短語在形式上與前面部分不一致,需要名詞化,給loosening加一個不定冠詞a,fearing可用名詞形式a fear替換,另a fear的內(nèi)容用一名詞詞組是表達不了的,而應(yīng)用同位語從句進行補充解釋。

      E1—3答案:D本句是一組名詞詞組的并列,而劃線部分的動名詞短語在形式上與前面的部分不一致,需要名詞化,排除A、B、C。E錯,its所指不清;同時,importing短語在system之后變成了―進口農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的系統(tǒng)‖改變句意,D表達了正確意思:該系統(tǒng)是以從佛羅里達和加州的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品為基礎(chǔ)。E1—4答案:A B中,integration本是被housing修飾,卻改為修飾increase;改變了句意。C、D、E中的significantly都表明increase為動詞,但contribute t0結(jié)構(gòu)中t0為介詞,而非動詞不定式的標志。

      E1—5答案:B既然A、C中的increasing作為名詞使用,并有population修飾就應(yīng)用自己的名詞形式increase.D、E中,本來原句是用一名詞短語對―6.6%的增長‖做一補充解釋,D、E卻把其改為句子,使得結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化。同時,兩個句子之間無任何連詞,構(gòu)成run一on句(僅用逗號連接的句子,錯)。還有,population increases和increasing the population的表達都不符合習(xí)慣,應(yīng)為increases in the population。

      E1—6答案:C根據(jù)兩者之間用between而不用among、兩者之間比較用compare with而不用compare to的原則,可迅速排除A、B、D。剩下C、E,二者在語法上都是完全正確的,這時我們就應(yīng)從邏輯上考慮,究竟用comparison還是用comparing,我們知道,前者表示一種狀態(tài)或結(jié)果,而后者則強調(diào)比較這個動作,那么,在投資上,我們選擇股票或國庫券的根據(jù)是基于兩者的收入比較之后的結(jié)果上呢,還是基于比較這兩種收入的動作上呢?顯然,應(yīng)是前者,選C。這是在GMT中很典型的題,考慮究竟是強調(diào)―動作‖還是―狀態(tài)‖。

      El一7答案:E本句是考抽象名詞之后用of短語,還是用that,從句進行解釋。根據(jù)GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      該節(jié)第三條原則,排除B、C、D。A中,have developed表示的現(xiàn)在完成時不對,basing表達不妥。

      E1—8答案:c同上題一樣,hypothesis之后是一串復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu),應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句,A、B錯;D、E中用which引導(dǎo)的限定性從句使句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化,且which一般不引導(dǎo)限定性從句(可查閱公理)。

      E1—9答案:C A中rising有自己的名詞形式rise,在這里用rising作名詞是不恰當?shù)摹中costs與謂語動詞has不一致,D使句子無主句,E使主句無主語。

      E1—10答案:C A、D、E中,increasing或者increased的位置都不對。B中用the是不恰當?shù)模驗榍懊娌⑽闯霈F(xiàn)過pressure,加the特指是不必要的。同時,在本章第一個例題就提到過,選含有increased而不是含有increasing的選項。

      E1一11答案:D test—driven是形容詞,本可直接修飾cars,因此,A、E中,用that從句修飾cars使得表達不夠簡潔,同時使cars和with短語的緊密關(guān)系被分裂開來。C中,現(xiàn)在分詞的完成 式不能作名詞的修飾成分(可查閱第七章內(nèi)容),因而C錯。B的意思是―為那些車支付$16rillion,邏輯不通。而原句意為:他(這個制造商)使本應(yīng)帶有數(shù)碼表的測試車與其數(shù)碼表分離,為此行為,他需支付$16 million;D中的‘have sth.done結(jié)構(gòu)表達了此意,for表原因。

      E1—12答案:B A、C、E中,theory之后用of修飾,改變了句子重心,變成了―森林火的理論‖,應(yīng)排除。而在D中,第二個that從句的先行詞找不到,同時,前句的同位語從句與這里的定語從句不可以構(gòu)成平行結(jié)構(gòu),且in support of沒有supporting簡潔。B中的that從句是同位語從句,ignited過去分詞短語修飾fire。

      語法點提示:a contribute to b a導(dǎo)致了b的發(fā)生

      E1—13答案:C keep from在此處與avoid是同義的,可互相替換,但keep from的完整GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)是keep sb.(sth.)from doing sth.,A項keep之后缺賓語,因此排除A,其余3個選項均比C復(fù)雜,所以選C,avoid之后跟動名詞-ing形式。

      E1—14答案:E people是可數(shù)名詞,用less來修飾people絕對錯誤,應(yīng)改用fewer,排除A、B。由于fewer的存在,決定了此句是比較狀語,C、D中未有無比較連詞―than‖出現(xiàn),錯。

      E1—15答案:B由例題1~i0的思路,可以斷定應(yīng)用seemingly修飾形容詞lesser,而不應(yīng)用seeming 修飾evils,排除A、C、E。D中用such…for example,不僅結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜難懂,也不夠簡潔,不如用such as來舉例。B恰當。

      E1—16答案:D同上,seemingly permanent accommodation的修飾關(guān)系才是正確的,排除A、B.C。再由not…but的平行結(jié)構(gòu),排除E,同時E中accommodation之后用for是不恰當?shù)模瑧?yīng)用to。

      語法點提示:accommodation to sth. 包容,容納某物

      GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      第二章 主謂一致

      主謂一致,簡而言之,就是指謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如:如果主語是it,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式(如have,were,are,do)就肯定錯,而只能用單數(shù)形式動詞(如has。was,is,does三等)。在GMAT改錯中,主謂一致總是考核重點。對于主謂一致原則的熟練掌握,會使你很快排除一些選項,縮小包圍,擴大命中率。

      但是,關(guān)于主謂一致的問題,有繁多的條款需要分別予以區(qū)分,在這里我們列出GMAT中經(jīng)??嫉囊恍┲髦^一致原則,希望大家牢牢記住。

      語法準備:

      總則:謂語只跟主語的中心詞取得一致.中心詞前后的修飾詞不起作用。

      1.―there be‖句型中be用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),由后面的真正主語而定。

      2.倒裝句的謂語與后面的主語保持一致;在強調(diào)句型中對主語進行強調(diào)時,記住who后的謂語的單、復(fù)數(shù)要與wll0前面的真正主語保持一致,如:It was Mary who does the jobwell.(does對應(yīng)Mary)。

      3.―one of,結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,謂語用單數(shù),―two of‖就要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語。

      4.單個的動名詞或動詞不定式作主語,謂語用單數(shù),若用and連接上述相同的兩個成分,謂語才用復(fù)數(shù)。5.單個的名詞從句作主語時,謂語用單數(shù);如果用and或both and連接兩個以上的成分作主語.謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

      6.有時用and連接的兩個名詞是指同一個人、同一件事,而且and后面的名詞前又無冠詞(如:My 110use and home)謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù);如果后面那個名詞前面加上了冠詞,主語則變成了復(fù)數(shù),謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)。如:My friend and the classmate Jane;如果and后面的名詞前加了not,主語又變成單數(shù),謂語要用單數(shù)形式,如The farmer,and not the city dweller,is hurtwhen food price falls.

      7.單數(shù)主語由下列詞組修飾時,謂語不受這些修飾詞組的影響,仍用單數(shù)形式:along with。as well as,accompanied by,besides,combined with,in addition to,including(包括),ratherthan(而不是),no less than(與…一樣),together with(與…一起),with(與…),for example 如He,rather than we,does the job。

      8.由下列連詞連接兩個名詞作主語,謂語要與其相鄰的詞保持一致。如:either…or,neither…nor,not only…but(also),nor,or。如Either offices or the classroom need。cleaning.

      9.量詞修飾的主謂一致:

      (1)‖form(type,kind)of+主語‖,謂語單復(fù)數(shù)由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)定;

      (2)―half(rest,plenty,part,fifty percent,etc.)of+主語‖中,如主語是可數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù),主語是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù)。

      (3)―an amount(sum)of+不可數(shù)名詞‖作主語,謂語只用單數(shù);―quantity of+不可數(shù)名詞‖作主語時,謂語只用單數(shù);而―a large sums of或quantities of+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語用復(fù)數(shù):―a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞‖作主語,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)(意為:大量的…);―the numberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞‖作主語,謂語用單數(shù)(意為:…的數(shù)量)。

      注意:在選項中若發(fā)現(xiàn)有amount和number的替換,little和few的替換或many和much的替換,請一定注意看其修飾的對象是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)。若為前者,只能用number或few或many修飾;若為后者,則只能由amount,little或much修飾(而―numbers of+可數(shù)名詞‖的修飾必錯)。

      例如:Some new types of buses are now on show.

      The total amount of money is$100.

      GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      Large quantities of water are needed for cooling purposes.

      10.不定代詞,物主代詞作主語時的主謂一致:

      (1)―both(few,many,several)of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞‖中,謂語用復(fù)數(shù);

      (2)―all(80me,none,most,any)of+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(或不可數(shù)名詞)‖時謂語要看所修飾的名詞,若為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,若為不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù)形式。

      (3)―either(neither)of‖修飾名詞作主語,謂語要用單數(shù)形式。

      (4)no修飾名詞作主語時,看名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式;若名詞為單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù);若名詞為復(fù)數(shù),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

      (5)another,each one,no one,neither,the other,each(each of),either,everything(one,-body),anything(-one,-body)和something(-one,-body)作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)。

      (6)若是―名詞或代詞+each‖作主語時,謂語動詞的形式與each之前名詞的形式保持一致,不受each的影響,如:The students each have a book. 11.定語從句中的主謂一致:

      (1)在―n.of n.that定語從句‖中,that從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。一般來說,of之前的名詞是先行詞,但有時of之后的名詞也可作that從句的先行詞(這需從邏輯上判斷)。

      (2)在―one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that(who)從句‖中,從句中的動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,因為此時that的先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,而在―the only one(the first one)of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that(who)從句‖中,從句中的動詞一般用單數(shù),因為此時that的先行詞是單數(shù)名詞one。

      12.專有名詞,表示時間、距離、度量的名詞作主語,謂語用單數(shù)。

      13.帶有-ics結(jié)尾的科學(xué)名稱若表示學(xué)科時,謂語用單數(shù);若表示一種實踐活動時,謂語要用復(fù)數(shù),如:statistics(作學(xué)科)翻譯為―統(tǒng)計學(xué)‖,作為后者,指―統(tǒng)計資料‖,此時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

      14.一些外來詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:

      (1)以.is結(jié)尾的詞變復(fù)數(shù)時-is改為-as:analysis-analyses,crisis---crises;

      (2)以-um結(jié)尾的詞變復(fù)數(shù)時-um改為-a:bacterium--bacteria,datum—data;

      (3)以-on結(jié)尾的詞變復(fù)數(shù)時-on改為-a:criterion--criteria;

      (4)以-us結(jié)尾的詞變復(fù)數(shù)時-us改為-i:nucleus--nuclei,stimulus---stimuli;

      (5)以-a結(jié)尾的詞變復(fù)數(shù)時.a(chǎn)改為-ae:lava-lavae,formula--formulae;

      (6)以-ex/-ix結(jié)尾的詞變復(fù)數(shù)時-ex/-ix改為一ices,index-indices; 例題詳解:

      2—1 Since 1986 enrollments of African Americans,American Indians,and HispanicAmericans in full-time engineering programs in the United States has steadily increased, while thenumber of other students who enter the field fallen.

      (A)has steadily increased,while the number of the students who enter the field has fallen

      (B)has steadily increased,while other students entering the field have declined in number

      (C)increased steadily,while there Was a decline in the number of other students entering thefield

      (D)have steadily increased,while the number of other students entering the field has fallen

      (E)have steadily increased,while that of other students who enter the field fell

      題解:跳過enrollments之后的of到states之間的部分(這一長串都是對enrollments的修飾)。本句的結(jié)構(gòu)就極其簡單。A、B錯,因為主語enrollments是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語應(yīng)用have,而不是has;C中的increased所反映的時態(tài)不對,因為since 1986這一時間狀語及句意都表明該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài);E前半段是正確的,但在while從句中有兩處明顯的錯誤:(1)thatGMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      指代不正確,主句中的enrollments是復(fù)數(shù)形式,避免重復(fù)的指示代詞應(yīng)用those,而非that;(2)while從句中用了過去時態(tài)而非題意需要的現(xiàn)在完成時;D中前后都用完成時態(tài),前面用have對應(yīng)enrollments,后面用has對應(yīng)the number of詞組,因而是正確的。

      請注意:在D中while從句中,students后的修飾詞從A中的who從句改為了一個分詞短語。這一變動使得D項更加簡潔,強調(diào)enter的動作與has fallen的動作是同時的,而從句只能表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)(從句與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別會在分詞一章重點提及)。答案:D

      解題技巧:在GMAT改錯中,我們經(jīng)常需要把復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單化,即拋除一切修飾部分,抓主干,找出主謂,在主謂一致的判別中該技巧尤其重要。

      語法點提示:enrollment一詞在作―入學(xué)或注冊人數(shù)‖解釋時為可數(shù)名詞,而在作為―參加‖的意思時.為不可數(shù)名詞。

      2—2 The lack of complete historical records from the mid—to-late 1800‘s have made someBlack inventions difficult to trace to their originators.

      (A)have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators

      (B)have made for difficulties in tracing some inventions by Blacks to their originators

      (C)have made it difficult to trace some inventions by Blacks to their originators

      (D)has made it difficult to trace some inventions to their Black originators

      (E)has made it difficult in tracing some Black inventions to their originators

      題解:本題較為簡單,考主謂一致與make的用法。用上題思路,簡化句子,發(fā)現(xiàn)主語是the lack。因而A、B、C均錯,它們的謂語動詞是have;在D、E中正確的選擇基于對make用法的了解:make it adj.+to do sth.是一種慣用法,因而選D;E中的make it adj.+indoing sth.是不符合習(xí)慣的。答案:D

      語法點提示:lack一詞可作及物動詞或不可數(shù)名詞(常用of短語補充解釋),make的用法一般是:make sth.sth.使…成為…,make it adj.+to do sth.表明使做某事是…的(it指代后面的動詞不定式短語)。2—3 With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land。Cleveland is but one of alarge number of communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way toimprove the quality of urban lire and attract new businesses.

      (A)is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract

      (B)is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract

      (C)are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract

      (D)are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life andattracting

      (E)are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban lifeand attract

      題解:題干中的but在此作副詞,可譯為―只不過‖(與only比較一下)。根據(jù)前述的第11條中的第(2)點,可知此題that指代communities而不是but one,因而A、B在that從句中用is是錯誤的;D中雖是用are作謂語,但其中的its water fronts顯然與that所指代的communities在指代上不相配,D錯;在C、E之間做選擇涉及對短語look to與look at的區(qū)分,前者一般是:look to sth.to do sth.譯為―指望…做…‖,而后者look at sth.譯為看…99,根據(jù)題意,應(yīng)該選用 look to(指望這些濱水區(qū)能提高城市生活質(zhì)量和吸引新的生意),因而E錯;C在that從句中用了&re,正確使用了look to結(jié)構(gòu),在attract之前省略了to(與to improve并列),并省去了多余的as a way。在考試現(xiàn)場,如不知look to的用法,我們?nèi)钥捎闷渌毕菖懦?E:as a way 后的 they 指代含糊不清,從語法上講傾向于指代communities而不是water fronts.答案:C

      GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      語法點提示:plan作名詞,其后經(jīng)常用動詞不定式修飾;but的這種副詞用法及l(fā)ookto sth.to do sth.用法。2—4 A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded thatmuch of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from theincineration of wastes.

      (A)much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans fire exposed comes

      (B)much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are export to come

      (C)much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans areexposed to comes

      (D)many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed tocome

      (E)many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come

      題解:A、B、C用much of,D、E用many of,根據(jù)上述第9條原則,我們幾乎可以立刻斷定本題是在考主謂一致。跳過修飾詞,實際上是用much of dioxins還是many of dioxins的 選擇,盡管我們很可能不知道dioxins是何意思,但從其形式上看,它是復(fù)數(shù)形式,因而應(yīng)用many 0f(1ioXinS,從而排除A、B、C;D中有兩個缺陷:(1)在首篇GMAT公理中我們說過,n.+that is(are)adj.這種表達不簡潔,均要改為adj.+n.的名詞短語形式,D中的dioxins that are currently controlled表達屬于此類;(2)dioxin是介詞to的賓語,在正規(guī)書面表達中,如果對dioxin用定語從句修飾,應(yīng)該把to提前在引導(dǎo)詞which之前(不用that),而在D選項中,用了that引導(dǎo),to未提前;而E避免了這兩處錯誤,是正確答案。答案:E

      語法點提示:be exposed to暴露于…

      2—5 Downzoning, zoning that typically results in the reduction of housing density,allowsfor more open space in areas where—little water or—services exist.(A)little water or services exist

      (B)little water or services exists

      (C)few services and little water exists

      (D)there is little water or services available

      (E)there are few services and little available water

      題解:根據(jù)第5條原則,and連接主語,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,C錯;根據(jù)第8條原則,由or連接主語,謂語形式與最近的主語保持一致,B錯;A、D、E根據(jù)主謂一致原則是對的。再深入思考。我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)1ittle water 0r services這種表達是模糊的,有可能造成歧義,即little不僅修飾water,同時還修飾services而顯然,services是復(fù)數(shù)形式,不可能用little來修飾,因而A、D都錯;E彌補了這個缺陷,用few修飾services和用little修飾water,中間用and連接,表明兩者是共存關(guān)系,而非其中之一的關(guān)系。答案:E

      EXERCISES

      17題,限時20分鐘

      E2—1 Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle.

      (A)Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle.(B)out of every four,three automobile owners in the United States also owns a bicycle.

      (C)Bicycles are owned by three out of every four owners of automobiles in the UnitedStates.

      (D)In the United States,three out of every four automobile owners owns bicycles.GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      (E)Out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States,bicycles are also owned bythree.

      E2—2Two valence states of u枷um,one with a deficit of four electrons and the other onewith a deficit of six, occurs in nature and contributes to the diversity of uranium‘s behavior.

      (A)the 0ther one with a deficit of six,Occurs in nature and contributes

      (B)the other one a deficit of six,occur in nature and contribute

      (C)the other with a deficit of six,occur in nature and contributes

      (D)the other with a deficit of six,occur in nature and contribute

      (E)one with six,occurs in nature and contributes

      E2—3The relationship between corpulence and disease.Remain controversial, althoughstatistics clearly associate fl reduced life expectancy with chronic obesity.

      (A)remain controversial,although statistics dearly associate a reduced life expectancy with(B)remain controversial,although statistics clearly associates a reduced life expectancy with(C)remain controversial,although statistics dearly associates reduced life expectancy to(D)remains controversial,although statistics dearly associate a reduced life expectancy with(E)remains controversial,although statistics clearly associates reduced life expectancy toE2—4 Green anole lizards。familiar to school children as chameleons,have recently becomefamiliar to biologists as an exce11ent animal for laboratory studies of the interaction betweenstimuli with hormones.

      (A)an excellent animal for laboratory studies of the interaction between stimuli with

      (B)an excellent animal for laboratory studies of the interaction of stimuli and

      (C)being excellent animals for laboratory studies of the interaction between stimuli with

      (D)excellent animals for laboratory studies of the interaction between stimuli with

      (E)excellent animals for laboratory studies of the interaction of stimuli and

      E2—5 Several recent studies suggest that a child born into a family whose members haveallergies will probably themselves develop allergies following the onset of a minor viral infection.(A)a child born into a family whose members have allergies will probably themselvesdevelop allergies

      (B)children born into families whose members have allergies will probably themselvesdevelop allergies

      (C)a child born into a family the members of which have allergies will probably develop anallergy

      (D)in those families where members have allergies,children will probably develop allergiesthemselves

      (E)children born into fl family in which there are allergies will themselves probably developan allergy E2—6The major areas of medicine in which lasers are effective.Is in the cutting and closingof blood vessels, and in the destruction of tumors.

      (A)is in the cutting and closing of blood vessels,and in the destruction

      (B)are the cutting and closing of blood vessels,and also the cases of destroying

      (C)are the cutting,closing of blood vessels,and in the destroying

      (D)are the cutting and closing of blood vessels,and the destruction

      (E)is in the cutting and closing of blood vessels,and the destroying

      E2—7 Discrimination in wages paid in occupations that are predominantly male over theGMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      predominantly female have given rise to substantial differentials between the wages ofhousepainters and secretaries and between the wages of parking—lot attendants and libraryassistants.

      (A)paid in occupations that are predominantly male over the predominantly femalehave

      (B)paid in occupations that are predominantly male over those that are predominantlyfemale have

      (C)that favors predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female have

      (D)that favors predominantly male occupations over those that ale predominantly femalehas(E)in predominantly male occupations over the predominantly female has

      E2—8 Efforts to equalize the funds available to school districts,a major goal of educationreformers and many states in the 1970‘s has not significantly reduced the gaps existing betweenthe richest and poorest districts.

      (A)has not significantly reduced the gaps existing

      (B)has not been significant in reducing the gap that exists

      (C)has not made a significant reduction in the gap that exists

      (D)have not significantly reduced the gap that exists

      (E)have not been significant in a reduction of the gap existing

      E2··9The commission acknowledged that no amount of money or staff members can ensurethe safety of people who live in the vicinity of a nuclear plant,but it approved the installationbecause it believed that all reasonable precautions had been taken.

      (A)no amount of money or staff members

      (B)neither vast amounts of money nor staff members

      (C)neither vast amounts of money nor numbers of staff members

      (D)neither vast amounts of money nor a large staff

      (E)no matter how large the staff or how vast the amount of money E2—10Each of Hemingway‘s wives---Hadley Bichardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gellhorn,and Mary Welsh-were strong and interesting women,very different from the often pallid womenwho populate his novels.

      (A)Each of Hemingway‘s、7lrives—Hadley Bichardson,Pauline Pfeiffer,Martha Gellhorn,and Mary Welsh——were strong and interesting women,(B)Hadley Bichardson,Pauline Pfeiffer,Martha Gellhorn,and Mary Welsh--each of themHemingway‘s wives—were strong and interesting women,(C)Hemingway‘s wives一Hadley Bichardson,Pauline Pfeiffer,Martha Gellhorn, and MaryWelsh—were all strong and interesting women.

      (D)Strong and interesting women—Hadley Bichardson,Pauline Pfeiffer。Martha Gellhorn,and Mary Welsh--each a wife of Hemingway, was

      (E)Strong and interesting women--Hadley Bichardson,Pauline Pfeiffer。Martha Gellhorn,and Mary Welsh—every one of Hemingway‘s wives were

      E2—11 Inflation in medical costs slowed in 1986 for the fifth consecutive year but about50 percent greater than the rate of price increases for other items included in theconsumer priceindex.

      GMAT語法改錯精解(劉振民)

      (A)Inflation in medical costs slowed in 1986 for the fifth consecutive year but were

      (B)Inflation in medical costs slowed for the fifth consecutive year in 1986 but was

      (C)In 1986 inflation in medical costs were slowed for fifth consecutive year but were(D)1986 Was the fifth consecutive year in which inflation in medical costs slowed but

      (E)1986 Was the fifth consecutive year that inflation in medical costs were slowed, but theywere

      E2—12 While larger banks can afford to maintain their own data-processing, operations,many smaller regional and community banks are finding that the cost associated with upgradingdata-processing equipment and with the development and rnaintenance of new products andtechnical staff are prohibitive.

      (A)cost associated with

      (B)costs associated with

      (C)costs arising from

      (D)cost of

      (E)costs of

      E2—13 The record of the past is always incomplete,and the historian who writes about itinevitably reflects the preoccupations of their own time.

      (A)the historian who writes about it inevitably reflects

      (B)the historian writing about it will inevitably reflect

      (C)a historian writing about it inevitably reflects

      (D)writing about it,it is inevitable for historians to reflect

      第四篇:GMAT語法比較結(jié)構(gòu)

      http://bailiedu.com

      GMAT語法比較結(jié)構(gòu)

      比較對象之間如果要能夠可比的話,他們首先是概念必須對等。就是說要術(shù)語同一個類型的,如果不是同個類型,也就沒有比較的需要了,因此大家注意一定要是同一類概念的才能比較,接下來小編就把GMAT語法比較結(jié)構(gòu)的相關(guān)信息為大家介紹一下,希望考生能夠參考,順利備考GMAT語法考試。

      比較結(jié)構(gòu)指一個人、事、物與另一個人、事、物或幾個人事物之間就行為、性質(zhì)、特征進行比較,也可以是數(shù)量上的比較和對比。比較對象之間如果要能夠可比的話,他們首先是概念必須對等。就是說要術(shù)語同一個類型的,如果不是同個類型,也就沒有比較的需要了,因此大家注意一定要是同一類概念的才能比較。

      在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中有替代原則。比較從句中與比較對象重復(fù)的名詞盡可能用that或those來代替。具體地說,在前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)名詞,用that代替,在前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,用those代替。對稱原則,比較的對應(yīng)部分在形式上應(yīng)盡可能保持對稱。語序原則。比較從句使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)和陳述語序皆可。從屬原則,當一個事物與它所屬的類別比較時,必須用any other把它自身排除在從屬范圍之外,這幾點需要大家關(guān)注一下,在平時做練習(xí)遇到時也要注意。

      As或than引導(dǎo)的比較從句中我們要注意適當?shù)氖÷裕蝗痪渥语@得太長了,比較從句謂語與主句謂語相同,可用do,did,does來代替。比較從句聯(lián)系動詞be與主句聯(lián)系動詞be相同,可以省略be,也可以不省略。主句謂語動詞短語使用助動詞或情態(tài)動詞+verb形式時,比較從句往往省略verb,保留助動詞或情態(tài)動詞。比較從句的主語和謂語與主句的主語和謂語相同時,可以全部省略,常常保留做狀語的介詞短語或狀語從句。比較從句的主語和主句主語相同,可以省略。

      比較從句和主句時態(tài)一致的話,兩個比較對象的動作發(fā)生時間相同,同一事物的不同動作發(fā)生的時間相同。比較從句與主句時態(tài)不一致,兩個比較對象的動作是相同的,但其發(fā)生的時間卻不一致,或同一事物的相同動作發(fā)生的時間不同,than或as從句中補充的助動詞的時態(tài)由時間狀語和句子意思決定的。

      以上就是關(guān)于GMAT語法比較結(jié)構(gòu)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容介紹,希望大家能夠了解。多多備考了解GMAT相關(guān)信息,爭取做到萬無一失。更多關(guān)于GMAT考試備考重點的介紹小編會為大家呈現(xiàn)。最后祝大家順利備考GMAT考試,早日夢圓名校。

      第五篇:GMAT高分心得

      許的背景介紹:

      成都申友GMAT班學(xué)員,考試經(jīng)歷很曲折,共5次,其中2次缺考,最初成績520(數(shù)學(xué)47,語文16),1月剛考出的成績690(數(shù)學(xué)50,語文34),語文從16進步到34,可謂飛躍式發(fā)展。

      備考心得:

      老師想讓我說一點自己的經(jīng)驗,鼓勵鼓勵各位同學(xué),但我的語文真的很不好,也很久不寫這樣的文章了。先做個自我介紹,我畢業(yè)于University of Minnesota Twin Cities,學(xué)的專業(yè)是BS 經(jīng)濟,輔修統(tǒng)計,3年畢業(yè),GPA3.75,專業(yè)課基本全A,所以我爸媽,我同學(xué)對于我的評價都是很能學(xué),很聰明,很自覺。但是GMAT著實給了我一個大大的打擊。

      從小學(xué)到初中到高中,我從來沒有完完整整學(xué)過語法,對于英語的語法都是零零散散,到了美國這幾年,更是忘得一干二凈了。最開始接觸GMAT是10年夏天,我大一暑假,買了一整套Manhattan,只是看了看數(shù)學(xué),覺得簡單,又瞄了幾眼Verbal,覺得看不懂,想著反正我時間多,以后再說。到了11年暑假,意識到馬上大三了,該畢業(yè)了,要申請了,GMAT還一點不知道,就在完全不知GMAT是什么的情況下報了X森,結(jié)果是我還是完全不知道它要干嘛,一點概念都沒有?;氐綄W(xué)校,超20credits一學(xué)期的課壓得人喘不過氣,最后和家人商量,放棄申請Fall 2012,改為Fall 2013.順便,我也去參加了一次GMAT,明白了考試的流程,結(jié)果自然慘不忍睹。

      2012年夏天,我回到成都,在建行工作,這對于我完全是挑戰(zhàn),早上9點上班,我8點到辦公室,趁著沒人,看1小時書;中午,別的員工午睡,我再看1小時書,周末,我去成都市圖書館。就在這樣的條件下,我懵懵懂懂算自己理清了CR的思路。這樣的效率確實不高。國慶后,我開始專攻語法,從最開始的Manhattan到白勇語法。明白了大致考哪些,但還是找不準考點,也不知道哪些是考點。這條自學(xué)的路真的不好走。2012年光棍節(jié)

      第二天,我在上海參加了考試,比第一好了不少,但verbal仍然是死穴。走出考場,我很迷茫,不明白為什么我自學(xué)的方法失敗了。

      在我回到成都,感覺筋疲力盡,但又不甘心的時候,我媽媽提醒我,也許我該參加一個培訓(xùn)班,讓人提點一下,就會豁然開朗。于是我參加了申友的班,從12月8號開始上課,到我最后1月16號考試,這一個月,按我爸說的話,我是把吃奶的勁都使上了。我沒有參加過高考,但我覺得,GMAT就是我的高考。

      我復(fù)習(xí)的過程,上完課回家馬上整理筆記,對應(yīng)著勾畫重點,完了之后把講義的題做完,錯誤的標記。然后,開始Prep,OG的練習(xí),基本按每天100-120道SC和50-70道CR的量在做。Prep,OG我打印了好幾次,反復(fù)做,不管做對做錯的題,都參照了考gmat上的解析。因為我不確定自己的思路是否正確。基本當我搞定Prep和OG,我剩下的時間也不多了。

      我最大的感受,最開始的時候,抓不準考點,感覺是在走迷宮,東撞一下,西碰一下,始終沒有頭緒。當我整理完講義,反復(fù)研究之后,加上大量練題,感覺自己站在迷宮上方的,能有有宏觀的感覺。不會因為一個單詞,一句沒讀懂,或者題材不是我熟悉的就驚惶失措。我也覺得我參加培訓(xùn)的時間點非常好,當我自己已經(jīng)走投無路的時候,有專業(yè)的老師點撥一下,kevin老師的方法很好,思路一下就清晰了。

      不夸張,這一個月,我用爛了以前我一年在美國都用不完的筆,打完了我媽媽辦公室兩臺打印機的墨,我也因為擔心GMAT考不好,影響我的前程,睡不著,吃不下,瘦了好幾斤,當然這也算GMAT給我?guī)淼母R簦菨M臉長痘痘。經(jīng)過這么,我覺得GMAT不僅是一次考試,也是一次心理測試,教會我怎么扛住壓力,怎么咬牙挺住。

      補充一下:我總共報考過5次GMAT,第一次是我純碎的想看看GMAT是什么樣。第二次,因為我自己身體原因,缺考了。第三次,因成都沒有考位,轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)上海,早上7點半的飛機,誰知道在三環(huán)路,爸爸車胎爆了,我和媽媽只能5點多三環(huán)打車。第四次,我報的是成都1月10號,信心滿滿的到了川大,我以為時間也是和上海一樣9點,誰知道成都是8點,就這么我錯過了。離開教室,我給申友的Alice老師打了一個電話,痛哭一場?;丶抑匦聢竺?,顯示要等31天,我傻眼了,無奈之下,給考試中心打了電話,她們告訴我,等狀態(tài)更改后,缺考的人可以馬上重新報名,我就報了16號早上8點??纪甑臅r候,我覺得這一切的磨難,痛苦都是好事多磨。也真的印證了那句話,困難是躲不掉的,只能把它conquer。

      補充一點我認為很有用的GMAT方法:作文,知道常見的幾種錯誤方式,這個挺容易。對于CR,邏輯本質(zhì)論真的很有用,特別在不太明白那段話講的內(nèi)容的時候,當然邏輯的思路也是有套路的。SC:當然是對比選項,差異既是考點,馬上回憶考點。加一句,我考試前,6點多,還抓緊時間練了20道,因為我有點慢熱,需要練幾道題才能熟悉。RC:Alice老師的方法非常有用,對于遞進,舉例之類的,第一次可以省略,注意轉(zhuǎn)折詞,高清邏輯鏈。這樣主旨題和作者觀點自然一目了然。細節(jié)題一定回文定位。只是在時間緊迫的時候,心態(tài)一定要好。

      下載GMAT語法專題:新東方高分學(xué)員經(jīng)驗分享(一)(精)(寫寫幫推薦)word格式文檔
      下載GMAT語法專題:新東方高分學(xué)員經(jīng)驗分享(一)(精)(寫寫幫推薦).doc
      將本文檔下載到自己電腦,方便修改和收藏,請勿使用迅雷等下載。
      點此處下載文檔

      文檔為doc格式


      聲明:本文內(nèi)容由互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶自發(fā)貢獻自行上傳,本網(wǎng)站不擁有所有權(quán),未作人工編輯處理,也不承擔相關(guān)法律責任。如果您發(fā)現(xiàn)有涉嫌版權(quán)的內(nèi)容,歡迎發(fā)送郵件至:645879355@qq.com 進行舉報,并提供相關(guān)證據(jù),工作人員會在5個工作日內(nèi)聯(lián)系你,一經(jīng)查實,本站將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權(quán)內(nèi)容。

      相關(guān)范文推薦

        441分高分學(xué)員考研經(jīng)驗分享

        每個考研朋友都應(yīng)該找到適合自己的復(fù)習(xí)方法,對別人的總結(jié)可以進行參照,但一味全盤照抄恐怕會事倍功半,下面是我2011年考研的復(fù)習(xí)心得,給大家提供一個借鑒。一、英語復(fù)習(xí)可能每一......

        GMAT語法有哪些“家規(guī)”五篇范文

        http://bailiedu.com GMAT語法有哪些“家規(guī)” GMAT除了考語法知識外,更強調(diào)表達的有效性和簡潔性。ETS經(jīng)常對同一句愿用兩到三個語法上正確但表達上有差異的選項來干擾你。而......

        GMAT語法動名詞使用方法介紹

        http://bailiedu.com GMAT語法動名詞使用方法介紹 GMAT語法動名詞有兩種分類,一種是簡單的動名詞,這種動名詞際上是將動詞放在中間,而整體作為一個名詞。第二種是復(fù)合動名詞,這......

        GMAT語法比較結(jié)構(gòu)考察內(nèi)容

        http://bailiedu.com GMAT語法比較結(jié)構(gòu)考察內(nèi)容 在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中有替代原則。比較從句中與比較對象重復(fù)的名詞盡可能用that或those來代替,考生在備考的時候一定要多加注意,接下來......

        2014考研高分學(xué)員經(jīng)驗分享:努力就能成功

        2014考研高分學(xué)員經(jīng)驗分享:努力就能成功 考研這個決定似乎很早就做了,因為自己高考的時候發(fā)揮失利,本來期望能考一所985院校,風風光光的大學(xué)生活。沒想到卻來到了千里之外的大連......

        公務(wù)員考試高分學(xué)員談備考經(jīng)驗

        公務(wù)員考試高分學(xué)員談備考經(jīng)驗 2008年7月,是我大學(xué)畢業(yè)一周年的日子。經(jīng)歷了社會角色的轉(zhuǎn)變,我似乎已經(jīng)成為了一個社會人?;叵?,步入社會僅一年的時間,浪費了很多機遇,綜合各種因......

        2009年雅思高分學(xué)員經(jīng)驗分享(共5則范文)

        2009年雅思高分學(xué)員經(jīng)驗分享(五)2009-11-10 19:57:56|分類: 教學(xué) |標簽: |字號大中小 訂閱人物介紹:吳薇——博客???,校內(nèi)好友,對新東方熱情很高,曾經(jīng)試圖來新東方做助教,后因年紀......

        青島新東方優(yōu)能中學(xué)高分學(xué)員獎學(xué)金計劃

        青島新東方優(yōu)能中學(xué)高分學(xué)員獎學(xué)金計劃 (以下所有部門獎學(xué)金均為稅前獎金) 為激發(fā)廣大青島新東方學(xué)員的學(xué)習(xí)熱情,激勵在各類考試中獲得高分的青島新東方學(xué)員,青島新東方學(xué)校......