第一篇：英語插入語的用法小結(jié)

英語插入語的用法小結(jié)

高考英語插入語及插入句的用法

由于插入語通常與句中其它成分沒有語法上的關(guān)系，因此給考生的理解帶來一定困難。插入語多半用逗號與句子隔開，用來表示說話者對句子所表達的意思的態(tài)度。插入語可能是一個詞、一個短語或一個句子。

一、常用做插入語的副詞 indeed的確，surely無疑，however然而，obviously顯然，frankly坦率地說，naturally自然，luckily(或happily)for sb.算某人幸運，fortunately幸好，strangely奇怪，honestly真的，briefly簡單地說等。

1.Surely，she won't go to China Telecom with you.

當(dāng)然她不會和你一起去中國電信。

2.Strangely，he has not been to China Unicom.Still more strangely，he has not called me.

奇怪，他未來過中國聯(lián)通。更奇怪，他沒給我打電話。

3.Fortunately，I found the book that I'd lost.

幸虧我找到了已丟失的那本書。

二、常見的作插入語的形容詞或其短語

true真的，funny真可笑，strange to say說也奇怪，needless to say不用說，most important of all最為重要，worse still更糟糕的等。

1.Strange to say(或True)，2.he should have done such a thing.

說也奇怪(或真的)，他竟然做出這樣的事。 Most important of all，you each overfulfiled your own task. 更為重要的，你們各自超額完成了自己的任務(wù)。

三、常用作插入語的介詞短語

in a few words(或in sum，in short)簡而言之，in other words換句話說，in a sense在某種意義上，in general一般說來，in my view在我看來，in his opinion(judgment)按照他的意見(判斷)，in conclusion總之，in summary概括地說，in fact事實上，in the first place首先，in addition此外，of course當(dāng)然，to our knowledge據(jù)我們所知，to my joy(delight，satisfaction)使我欣慰(高興、滿意)的，to their surprise(astonishment，amazement)使他們驚奇的，to her regret(disappointment)使她遺憾(失望)的，for instance(或example)例如，as a matter of fact事實上等。

1.Of course，he did not succeed for the lack of experience.

當(dāng)然，他由于缺乏經(jīng)驗而未成功。

2.She knows much more about computer science than the other students do，for in stance.例如，她在計算機科學(xué)方面就比其他同學(xué)懂得多。

四、常用作插入語的分詞短語

strictly speaking嚴格地說，generally speaking一般地說，judging from…根據(jù)……判斷等。

Judging from his letter，a campaign against “white pollution ”has been undertaken in his hometown.

根據(jù)他的來信做出判斷，一場抵制“白色污染”的運動已經(jīng)在他的故鄉(xiāng)展開了。注意:不要理解為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，因為上兩句中speaking和judging的動作不是句中主語發(fā)出的。

五、常用作插入語的不定式短語

to be sure無疑地，to sum up概括地說，to tell the truth老實說等。

1.To be sure，community service can aid reemployment.

毫無疑問，社區(qū)服務(wù)能有助于再就業(yè)。

2.To start with，China is ready strengthen scientific and technological cooperation with many countries.

首先，中國準備和許多國家加強科學(xué)技術(shù)合作。

六、插入句

I am sure我可以肯定地說，I believe我相信，I wonder我不知道，you know你知道，you see你明白，that is也就是說，it seems看來是，as I see it照我看來，what is important(serious)重要(嚴重)的是，I'm afraid恐怕，it is said據(jù)說等。

1.It will result in success，I suppose.我想，這件事終于會成功的。

2.One day，it is said，Newton saw an apple fall from a tree.

據(jù)說，有一天牛頓見到一個蘋果從樹上掉下來。

3.What is more important，information superhighways can carry great amounts of information around the country quickly and cheaply.

更重要的是，信息高速公路能把大量信息迅速、便宜地傳遍全國

第二篇：插入語用法歸納

插入語用法歸納

插入語用法很多,在句子中的位置比較靈活,在學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)當(dāng)認真去體會。大體而言,插入語可以分為以下幾類: 1.用簡短的句子結(jié)構(gòu)作插入語。這類短語有:I think, I hope, I guess, I believe, I suppose, I wonder, I tell you, I say, I'm afraid, I'm sure, you see, you know, as you know, that is, that is to say, what's more等等,它們可以置于句中或句尾。如: I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.This diet, I think, will do good to your health.It won't be raining long, I hope.You will have to work harder, you know, if you want to succeed.2.副詞或副詞短語用作插入語,這類插入語一般放在句首或句尾。如: Happily for him, his father's second wife was kind to him too.You'll be able to pass the coming exam, surely.Luckily for him, he didn't hurt in the accident.Honestly, I don't need it at the moment.3.介詞或介詞短語作插入語,這類插入語一般放在句首,有時也可放在句中。如: Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters-in other words, I'm an only child.By the way, Bob sends his best wishes.On the other hand, I didn't know you were there.In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.4.分詞短語作插入語。如: Judging from your accent, you must be from England.Generally speaking, he is the best student in our class.Compared with China, the USA is smaller.5.不定式短語作插入語。如: To put it mildly, he was not up to the mark.To tell you the truth, I don't want to see her.To be sure, Jim is a faster skater, but he is not good at doing figures.To conclude, it was a great success.在日常交際用語和書面表達中，插入語頻頻出現(xiàn)。英語中的插入語（Parenthesis）是插在句子中的一個詞，短語或從句，通常被逗號、破折號或句子的其他部分隔開，它與句子的其他部分之間沒有語法上的關(guān)系，因此，有的語法學(xué)家將其歸為獨立成分。

插入語在句中通常是對一句話的一些附加解釋，說明或總結(jié)；有時表示說話者的態(tài)度和看法；有時起強調(diào)的作用；有時是為了引起對方的注意；還可以起轉(zhuǎn)移話題或說明事由的作用；也可以承上啟下，使句子與前面的語句銜接的更緊密一些。

插入語大致可分為以下10種類型：

1.形容詞或形容詞短語作插入語

如：worst still, sure enough, strange, most important of all等。

Strange, there is nobody in the classroom.很奇怪，教室里沒人。

2.副詞或副詞短語作插入語

如：personally, honestly, fortunately, luckily, for us, though, besides, exactly, surely, frankly, still otherwise 等。

Luckily for you, I happen to have the key.你很運氣，我正好帶了鑰匙。

3.介詞短語作插入語

如：of course, in short, as a matter of fact, by the way, on the other hand, in my opinion, in conclusion等。

In short, we should not stop halfway.簡言之，我們不能半途而廢。

As a result, they suffered heavy losses.結(jié)果，他們受到了嚴重損失。

On the contrary, we should strengthen our ties with them.相反，我們還應(yīng)加強和他們的聯(lián)系。

4.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作插入語

如：generally speaking, judging from/ by …, talking of…, considering…等。

Considering his age, he did very well.從年齡考慮，他干得挺不錯。

Frankly speaking, I don’t like the job.坦率地說，我不喜歡這份工作。

Talking of singing, will you go to the concert with me tonight?

說到唱歌，你今晚愿意和我一塊去音樂會嗎？

5.過去分詞短語作插入語

Painted white, we like the house better.漆成白色，我們更喜歡這房子。

注意：之所以稱它為插入語，是由于這種過去分詞是獨立的，沒有邏輯主語。

6.動詞不定式

如：to be sure, to be frank（坦率地說），to tell you the truth（說實話），so to speak（可以說）等。

To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.坦率地說，我不太同意你的意見。

That’s a wonderful idea, to be sure.這個主意好極了，的確。

To tell you the truth, I am not very interested in going to the show.說實在的，我不太想去看演出。

7.代詞詞組

如：all the same（盡管如此），all told（總共），all in all（總的來說）等。

His crew was reduced to twenty-four all told.他的船員減少到總共二十四人。

All in all, her condition is greatly improved.總的來說，她的情況有很大好轉(zhuǎn)。

8.從句

如：if so / not / any, if I may say so, if you don’t mind, as you know, as you say 等。

If I may say so, we know nothing about it.正如我所說的，我們對它一無所知。

This man, as you know, is good for nothing.正如你所說的，這個人是個廢物。

9.句子

如：I say /hear, I think /hope / believe, you know / see, what’s more, that is（to say）, I’m afraid, do you think / suppose等。

It’s a great mistake, I think, not to accept their proposal.我看，不接受他們的建議是個大錯誤。

The temple disappeared, no one remembers when.誰也不記得什么時候這座廟就沒有了。

The old man, it is said, was an artist but people hardly know anything about this side of his life.據(jù)說，這位老人曾是個藝術(shù)家，可是人們對他這方面的生活幾乎一無所知。

10.用標(biāo)點符號引導(dǎo)插入語

如：He was（strange as it seems）an excellent sportsman.他（盡管還顯得令人不解）是個出色的運動員。

He was －to me at least, if not to you－a figure that was worth having pity on.至少我覺得如此，即使你不這樣認為，他是一個值得同情的人。

插入語

http://004km.cn 2004/12/15 15:02 新浪教育

英語句子中(尤其在口語中)常插入一些單詞、短語或者句子，用來補充某些含義。語法上稱它們?yōu)椤安迦胝Z”。插入語在句中起到解釋、說明等作用，有時表達說話人一種看法。很多插入語對句子本身的影響并不大，如果去掉它，我們?nèi)匀磺宄渥铀磉_的意思。然而有些插入語是句子不可缺少的成分，如果去掉句子的意思就不完整，如for example, in other words等。

1.插入語的類型

(1)單詞(多是副詞)

單詞作插入語時位置比較隨便，我們常見的多位于句末，它們也可以位于句中或句首。常見的作插入語的單詞有though, however, therefore, personally, luckily ,fortunately, obviously等。有些副詞可以表示上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，起到連接的作用(雖然本身不是連詞)，這一類副詞常用逗號把它與句子隔開。有些副詞表達說話人的看法或觀點，它們多位于句首。

①I had thought I could not pass the exam.I passed, though.我原以為我通過不了這次考試，我還是通過了。

②She had seen the picture.However, she never told it to anyone.她曾見過那幅畫。然而，她從未向其他人提及。

③Luckily, his father’s second wife was kind to him.幸運的是，他父親的第二任妻子對他很好。

(2)短語

現(xiàn)在分詞短語、不定式短語、介詞短語都可以作插入語，它們在句中起到補充說明的作用。

常見的作插入語的短語有，for example, by the way, in some way, judging from, to tell you the truth, so far, on the contrary, on wonder, chances(are that)，worse still, to start with等。

①By the way, how can I find you? 順便問一句，我如何找到你？

②What on earth do you want to say ? 你到底想說什么？

③To tell you the truth, I have found out that he stole the car.說實話，我已經(jīng)弄清他偷了那輛車。

(3)句子

我們常見的作插入語的句子有，do you think, I believe, do you know, what’s more, let’s say, that is to say,它們多位于句末，來表達客氣或征詢別人的看法。也可以表示補充。表示疑問的插入語也可以位于句中或句末。

①He is an honest man, I believe.我相信，他是個誠實人

②As far as I know, Jack isn’t clever.據(jù)我所知，杰克并不聰明。

③How soon will he be ready, do you expect ? 你想一下，他多長時間能準備好？

2.有些復(fù)雜的特殊疑問句，也可認為包含有“插入語”。這種疑問句(也稱為“混合疑問句”或“連鎖疑問句”)，常用來征詢某一疑問點的看法、判斷、認識、猜度或請求。口語中出現(xiàn)的頻率極高。

①When do you expect he will come back ? 你想他會什么時候回來？

②Who do you guess has taken away the book ? 你猜是誰拿走了那本書？

3.防止句中的插入語干擾我們對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握及對句子意義的理解。

由于插入語的位置比較隨便，在許多情況下它可以位于句中，因此它對我們考生的干擾是比較大的。

直擊高考

1.John plays football _______ ,if not better than, David.(MET1994)

A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as

2.We all write ____, even when there’s not much to say.(MET1994)

A.now and then B.by and by C.step by step D.more or less

3._____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.(2004北京春)

A.As long asB.As far as C.Just as D.Even if

4.Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard.___ you failed.[NMET’99]

A.In the end B.After all C.In other words D.At the same time

5.John plays football _______ ,if not better than, David.(MET1994)

A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as

答案與分析

1.A此題我們極易錯選A。分析本句的結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以看出，if not better than 在這里是插入語。如果我們把它抽出(前面我們講過有些插入語完全可以去掉而不影響句子的意思，有的僅起到補充的作用),我們就很清楚地看到答案是B。A 從本空前后的逗號看，本題考查插入語的用法。四個選項中作插入語的是A 和D。再根據(jù)空后的even when...我們不難選出答案A。

3.B as far as I can see是一個插入語，意思是“據(jù)我所看到的”。

4.C四個介詞短語在此都可以作插入語。我們要對它們進行意義辨析。In other words的意思是“換句話說”；In the end的意思是“終于”；After all的意思是“畢竟”；At the same time的意思是“同時”，“可是”。

5.B此題我們極易錯選A。分析本句的結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以看出，if not better than 在這里是插入語。如果我們把它抽出(前面我們講過有些插入語完全可以去掉而不影響句子的意思，有的僅起到補充的作用),我們就很清楚地看到答案是B。

專項訓(xùn)練

1.Hold the ladder for me ─ that’s____.A.all B.it C.all right D.complete

2.─___, can you tell me how I can get to the zoo ?

─I’m sorry.I’m a stranger here myself.Perhaps this lady can help you.A.I’m sorry B.Hello C.Excuse me D.Why

3.─Would you like a cup of tea ?

─Yes, please do.____, I’m rather thirsty.A.To tell you the truth B.Telling you the truth

C.Tell you the truth D.To be told the truth

4.─Have you nearly finished?

─___, we have just begun.A.Above all B.After all C.On the contrary D.On the other hand

5.The young woman has studied in England for two years and she will come back___.A.by and by B.one by one C.after a while D.long before

6.Mr Li looked as I remembered, ____he was very thin.A.except for B.except that C.except D.besides

7.Many great men have risen from poverty, Lincoln and Edison, ____.A.like that B.as though C.for example D.such as

8.─___is the best football player in your city?

─Jerry.A.Do you think who B.Do you think whom

C.Who do you think D.Whom do you think

9.___, Dick and Mary found themselves on a lonely island.A.They were surprised B.It was surprising

C.It was a surprise D.To their surprise

10.____we like the idea ____not, we’ll have to go with him.A.Either, or B.Neither, nor C.Whether, or D.If, or

11.____is well known, Taiwan is part of China.A.As B.That C.Which D.It

12.Good ways of doing things means less time and pain, and ___, it is necessary for us to find time.A.otherwise B.however C.still D.therefore

13.Albert did not take your book.____,he was not in the room.A.All of a sudden B.As a matter of fact

C.Once in a while D.To his surprise

14.─What___do you want?

─I don’t know myself.A.in earth B.in the earth C.on earth D.on the earth

15.Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard ─____,you failed.A.in the end B.after all C.in other words D.at the same time

16.His handwriting is as good as, ____, his brother’s.A.if not better B.if not better than C.if it is better D.if better than

17.There was a big fire in the building last night.___, all the people were able to escape.A.Fortunate B.Fortunately C.To be fortunate D.Above all

18.It was raining heavily.____, it was getting dark, so we lost our way and stayed in the cave for the whole night.A.Above all B.That is C.What’s more D.In other words

19.I didn’t go to his party last night.____, I didn’t want to see him at all.A.To tell you the truth B.Telling you the truth

C.That’s to say D.Let’s say

20.____, boys are stronger than girls.A.To speak generally B.Generally to speak

C.Generally speaking D.Generally spoken

答案與分析

1.B 本題我們極易錯選 A或C。That’s all意思是“就這些”，表示講話或文章的結(jié)束，而That’s all right意思是“行、可以、沒關(guān)系”。That’s it 為一固定搭配，意思是“這正是所需要的?！?/p>

2.C 表示“尋求別人幫忙”時用Excuse me。

3.A to tell you the truth為固定搭配，意思是“說實話”，為插入話，不與句子主語形成邏輯關(guān)系。

4.C 本題上文說“你們差不多快做完了吧？”下文說“恰好相反，我們才剛剛開始哩?！?/p>

5.A by and by為固定搭配，相當(dāng)于soon,意思是“不久”。one by one 意思是“一個接一個地”。after a while過去一會兒。long before很久以前，因此 B,C,D都不合題意。

6.B except that后跟從句，而 except for和besides后跟名詞或動名詞短語。

7.C 在這四個選項中只有for example可以用作插入語，而且位置也比較靈活。D有較大干擾性。但such as 后必須跟賓語。

8.C 本題主要部分為who is the best football player in your city。插入語為do you think.9.D 插入語to one’s surprise的意思是“令某人吃驚的是”，其他答案句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤。

10.C 插入語whether...or...意思是“不管……”。

11.A 插入語 As is well known為定語從句，意思是“眾所周知”。

12.D 插入語therefore在此表達前后的因果關(guān)系。

13.B as a matter of fact意思是“事實上”。

14.C 插入語on earth的意思是“究竟、到底”，用于疑問句或否定句中。

15.C 插入語in other words意思是“換句話說”，是對前文的解釋。

16.B 本句話的意思是“若是他的書法不比他哥哥的好的話，起碼跟他哥哥的一樣好”。插入語if not better than在句中起到連詞的作用。

17.B fortunately是一句評述性語言，表達說話人的看法。

18.C what’s more意思是“更有甚者”，在本句中，說話人強調(diào)迷路的原因是It was raining heavily和It was getting dark。

19.A 插入語to tell you the truth意思是“說實話”。

20.C 插入語general speaking意思是“一般來說”，指常規(guī)。

插入語知多少

作者:佚名

來源:搜集整理 錄入:煙雨江南

字體:

英語句子中(尤其在口語中)常插入一些單詞、短語或者句子等，用來補充含義、或作一些解釋。語法上稱它們?yōu)?“插入語”。插入語在英語中形式多樣，內(nèi)容豐富，使用靈活。1，插入語的類形：

1)，少數(shù)副詞 如：(un)luckily，though，however, still,等，有時充當(dāng)插入語。

例如： She is looking fit , though.她看起來倒是健康。

I can , however, discuss this when I see you.然而，我可以在見到你的時候再討論這件事情

I have a bit of a cold.It is nothing much , though.我有點感冒，不過并不嚴重。

The task is very difficult , besides , time presses.任務(wù)艱巨，而且時間緊迫。2),介詞短語或固定詞組充當(dāng)插入語

例如：for example例如 ； by the way順便說一下 ； as a result結(jié)果，因此；all the same盡管如此 ； on the other hand另一方面 ； in fact事實上 ； in a word總之 ； in other words換言之 ； in general大體上 ； strange to say說來奇怪 ； to make a long story short長話短說;first of all首先；above all更重要的是；in one’s opinion依某人看； what’s more而且 ；so far 到目前為止；as usual 像往常一樣；

例如：It does not often rain in the summer here.As a result , we have to water the vegetable garden.在這兒夏天不常下雨，因此我們得用水澆灌菜園。

First of all, dont come in here without a teacher.首先，如果沒有老師，就不要來這兒。，Above all, something must be done to stop polluting.更重要的是，必須釆取某些措施來阻止污染。

3)，短句或句子充當(dāng)插入語：

例如：I believe;as far as I know;I think;I hope;I guess;I’m afraid;I suppose;I wonder;you see;you know;do you think(suppose);don’t you think;It is said;that is to see;It seems;it seems to me;what’s more;I say;等

例如：That would be a good beginning , I hope.我希望，那是一個好的開始。Where do they believe we should go during the summer holiday? 你認為暑假期間，我們應(yīng)該到哪兒去。

What’s more , 40 percent of workers in factories have to find new jobs again.而且工廠里有40%的工人不得不再找新工作。2，插入語的位置：

插入語通常位于句中，并用逗號隔開。但有時也可位于句首或句末(見上面例句)。也有時并不用逗號隔開。如：

You know I think you are wrong.我認為，你明白你錯了。

What on earth do you mean ? 你究竟是什么意思？

How long did you see she would stay here ?(= How long would she stay here , did you see ?)When do you suppose they will be back ?(= When will they be back , do you suppose ?)What explanation do you suppose the teacher could give ? 你想老師會如何解釋？

Who do you guess broke the window ? 你猜是誰把窗戶打破了？

寫作高分支招：多用插入語，改變原來的Chinglish的寫作語序。在一個句子中間插入一個成分,它不作句子的何種成分,也不和句子的何種成分發(fā)生結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系,同時既不起連接作用,也不表示語氣,這個成分稱之插入語。插入語在句中有時是對一句話的一些附加解釋、說明或總結(jié)；有時表達說話者的態(tài)度和看法；有時起強調(diào)的作用；有時是為了引起對方的注意；還可以起轉(zhuǎn)移話題或說明事由的作用；也可以承上啟下，使句子銜接得更緊密一些。

從雅思高分寫作來看，凡是8分及以上的寫作都沒有很明顯的連詞加逗號的形式。如First, second, however, 而是渾然天成，整篇文章雖沒有很明顯的邏輯銜接詞匯，但是卻能銜接緊密，Why? 今天從英語新聞中來學(xué)習(xí)一下如何能讓自己的寫作看上去更“成熟地道”一點。

這些扭曲需要糾正。然而從試圖糾正類似扭曲的發(fā)展中國家的歷史先例來看，調(diào)整過程中的最大障礙將是這些集團的反對。比如杰弗瑞?弗里登(Jeffrey Frieden)在他1993年關(guān)于拉丁美洲的著作中認為，拉美70年代后期的調(diào)整之所以極其緩慢、痛苦，正是因為強大的既得利益在妨礙或稀釋改革方面是如此成功

These distortions need to be reversed.The historical precedents for developing countries that have attempted to reverse similar distortions, however, suggest that the biggest impediment to the adjustment process will be opposition from these groups.Jeffrey Frieden in his 1993 book on Latin America, for example, argues that the Latin America adjustment in the late 1970s was extremely slow and painful precisely because powerful vested interests were so successful in retarding or diluting reform.試比較不用插入語：

These distortions need to be reversed.However, The historical precedents for developing countries that have attempted to reverse similar distortions suggest that the biggest impediment to the adjustment process will be opposition from these groups.For example,Jeffrey Frieden in his 1993 book on Latin America argues that the Latin America adjustment in the late 1970s was extremely slow and painful precisely because powerful vested interests were so successful in retarding or diluting reform.請注意：

老外：是將however,和 for example這樣的連詞放在了主謂語之間。句子之間就 顯得更加緊密，從而增加了句子的凝聚力。我們：往往總是先however再寫逗號，然后再跟內(nèi)容。因此，偶爾或用一些插入語，能讓我們寫作看上去更成熟，但切忌從頭用到尾過分使用。

第三篇：英語倒裝句用法小結(jié)

倒裝句

一般來說，倒裝分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝，有的倒裝是因為語法需要而出現(xiàn)的，有的倒裝則是因為結(jié)構(gòu)平衡的需要而出現(xiàn)的。

一、完全倒裝（主謂倒裝）是指把謂語全部提到主語的前面。例：In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.1.以here, there，now, then引導(dǎo)的句子，要完全倒裝。這種句子中的謂語動詞通常是不及物動詞。如：Here comes the train!/ There goes the bell!注意：若代詞作主語，只把該副詞提前主謂語序不變。Here he comes./ Here it is.2句首是擬聲詞或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副詞，句子要完全倒裝。（注意，這時句子的主語也必須是名詞。如果是人稱代詞，也不能使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。）如：Up went the rocket./Up it went.3.介詞短語作狀語在句首，句子要完全倒裝。注意，這時句子的謂語動詞通常是不及物動詞。如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.4.表語置于句首，且主語較長或結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜的句子要用全部倒裝。如：Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat.5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所說的情況也適合于后者，其倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“so/ neither/ nor+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞”，這里的主語同前一個句子的主語指的是同一人或物。如：She has finished her homework, so has her brother.She hasn’t gone there, neither/ nor has he.二、部分倒裝（助動詞倒裝）是指把謂語的一部分（助動詞）提到主語的前面。例： Never in my life have I seen such a thing.1.用于疑問句中。如：How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday?

2.if 從句中如有 were(had , should), if 省去后，要部分倒裝,把were，had，should提到主語前面

如： If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him

3.as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，要部分倒裝（表語、狀語倒裝）。有以下幾種形式：(1)副詞置于句首

Much as I like it(=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.(2)動詞置于句首

Wait as you may(= Although you may wait), he will not see you.(3).形容詞或名詞置于句首

Proud as the nobles are(=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.Child as he is(=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.注意：如果名詞前有形容詞修飾時，as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中要保留不定冠詞。如： A bad-tempered man as he is(=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.4.句首為否定詞或否定意義的詞語時，句子要部分倒裝

(not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly(scarcely), no sooner, not once, at no time,...)

Little do we know about him.No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.Seldom does he come back on Sundays.Not until he came back did I know about it.5.only 在句首引導(dǎo)狀語，或not until 引導(dǎo)的狀語在句首，主句要部分倒裝。如： Only then did I realize the important of English./ Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents’ intentions.但若only 修飾的是句子的其它成分，則無須倒裝

Only socialism can save China.(only修飾句子的主語，仍用正常語序)

6.not only...but also...引導(dǎo)兩個并列句，前倒后不倒。如：

Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lesso--ns.7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或頻度副詞(短語)開頭的句子中，要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

Many a time has John given me good advice./ Often have we made that test.8.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!

9.so或so引導(dǎo)的短語放在句首,要部分倒裝。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.so?that結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝。有時要強調(diào)so 所修飾的形容詞或副詞，常將so連同它所修飾的形容詞或副詞一起提到句首。這時，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如： He

runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.---So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.（全部倒裝）

10.狀語位于句首表示強調(diào)或使句子平衡，或使上下文緊密銜接，句子要部分倒裝。

第四篇：英語過去完成時用法小結(jié)

中招英語

過去完成時用法小結(jié)

一、過去完成時適用場合1.過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動作。這個過去的時間常用by，before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。

I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚飯前就把作業(yè)做完了。

The play had already started when we got to the theatre.我們到劇場時戲已經(jīng)開始了。By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.到六月底他們已經(jīng)治療了一萬多病人。

2.過去完成時還可表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或還要持續(xù)下去，常與for，since等詞連用。如：

He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.他在部隊干了十年，去年退役了。

He told me that he had known her since he was a child.他告訴我他從小就認識她。

He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study.他在去英國深造前，已學(xué)了八年英語。

3.在一段情景連貫的文字中，先發(fā)生的事放在后面敘述時，要用過去完成時。如：

Tom flew home, but his father had already died.湯姆乘飛機回家，他的父親卻已經(jīng)去世了。

4.過去完成時也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。

He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.他剛離開房間，他們就議論起他來。

We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.我們剛開始就被叫停。

It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用這樣的語調(diào)跟我講話，這是第一次。

二、過去完成時與一般過去時的比較

1.當(dāng)一個由before, after, as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的動作和主句的動作緊接著發(fā)生時，兩個動作均可用一般過去時來表示。

We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操后，我們吃早飯。

The train started to move just before he reached the platform.他到月臺時火車剛開走。They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields.他們一到地里就開始耕地。

2.按時間順序敘述兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作時，用一般過去時。

He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table.他走進屋子，打開燈，坐在桌子旁。

3.在表示某人過去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“計劃”、“想法”、“許諾”等時，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等謂語動詞常用過去完成時。

I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.我本來希望昨晚回來的，但沒搭上火車。

We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go.我們本想早回來的，但他們不讓我們走。

4.在表示過去的句子中出現(xiàn)常與完成時態(tài)連用的詞，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，中招英語

never及次數(shù)名詞等時，常用過去完成時來表示。

When we got there the basketball match had already started.我們到那里時，籃球賽已經(jīng)開始了。

The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been.老人說他想到他從未去過的地方去。

5.如果句中出現(xiàn)了表示具體的過去時間的狀語，句子的內(nèi)容為過去的實際情況或句子的內(nèi)容為歷史事實時，句中的動詞時態(tài)常用一般過去時。如：

The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老師說是哥倫布最早發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲大陸。

6.表述說話人始料未及的事情時，句子的謂語動詞常用一般過去時。由于受漢語表述習(xí)慣的影響，常會用錯時態(tài)。

Jack, you are also here!I didn’t see you.杰克，你也在這啊！我沒有看見你。

隨講隨練

1.John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _____ for the wedding.[2006年全國II卷]

A.will planB.has plannedC.would planD.had planned

2.I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______ to half a dozen other groups.[2006年湖南卷]

A.was givingB.am givingC.had givenD.have given

3.Father for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.[2005年福建卷]

A.has leftB.leftC.was leavingD.had left

4.She ______ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.[2004年重慶卷]

A.would changeB.has changedC.changedD.was changing

5.He ______ to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then.A.hopedB.has hopedC.had hopedD.would hoped

6.When the old man ______ to walk back to his house, the sun ______ itself behind the mountain.[2005年湖北卷]

A.started;had already hidden

B.had started;had already hidden

C.had started;was hiding

D.was starting;hid

7.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.[2004年江蘇卷]

A.beginB.beganC.have begunD.had begun

8.— Oh, is that you, Bob?

— Err...yes.Ah, you’re Mary.Sorry I _____ you.We haven’t seen each other for ten years, have we?

A.didn’t recognizeB.hadn’t recognized

C.haven’t recognizedD.don’t recognize

Key：1-8 DCDCCABA

第五篇：英語從句用法小結(jié)

英語從句用法小結(jié)

一、主語從句

★ 定義：主語從句時名詞性從句中的一種，指句中的主語是一個完整的句子。

★ 位置：它可以放在主句謂語動詞之前，但多數(shù)情況下由it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在主句之后。

★ 連詞：引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞有that, whether, 連接代詞有who, what, which, 連接副詞有when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句：That she was able to come made us very happy.Whether she will come or not is still a question.What we need is more time.Who will go makes no difference.Which team will win the match is still unknown.When they will start is not known yet.Where she has gone is a mystery.How this happened is not clear.Why he did that wasn’t.★ 引導(dǎo)主語從句的that不作成分，但不能省略。★ 由it作形式主語，常用句型有：

It is +名詞/形容詞/過去分詞+主語從句

It is still a question whether she will come or not.It is strange that you should like him.It is still unknown which team will win the match.此外，還有以下常用結(jié)構(gòu)： It turned out that… 結(jié)果是… It has been found that…已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)… It has been proved that…已經(jīng)證明… It happened/occurred that…恰好… It is well-known that…據(jù)說…

It is said/reported that…據(jù)說/據(jù)報道… It must be pointed out that…必須指出… It doesn’t matter whether…是否…都沒關(guān)系 It makes no difference whether…是否…毫無區(qū)別

二、表語從句

★ 定義：表語是一個完整的句子。，由引導(dǎo)，有時可省略that.★ 位置：從句位于系動詞之后。

★ 連詞：引導(dǎo)標(biāo)語從句的連詞有that，whether, as if, 代詞who, what, which, 副詞when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句：That fact is(that)she never liked him.It could be this part of the ice sheet is not necessarily sensitive to golbal warming.這可能是此處的冰層覆蓋對全球變暖不那么敏感。

The question is who can complete the difficult task.★ 注意：用because引導(dǎo)的標(biāo)語從句僅限于以下一個句型 This/That/It is because(that)…

I think it’s because you are doing too much.主語是reason是，表語從句不能用why或because引導(dǎo)，只能用that.One reason why Hamlet is such a sucessful play is that it appeals to many different people.表語從句不能用if引導(dǎo)，但可用as if引導(dǎo)。He looked as if he was going to cry.三、同位語從句

★ 定義：同位語是一個名詞，表示與前面名詞相同的人或物，如“my friend John”中，John 是friend的同位語，the Yangtze, the longest river of China”中，river 是Yangtze的同位語。同位語從句即表示同位語是一個完整的句子。

★ 位置：同位語從句跟在名詞后面，進一步uom該名詞的具體內(nèi)容，或?qū)υ撁~作進一步解釋。

★ 可接同位語從句的名詞一般是具有一定內(nèi)容含義的名詞：conclusion, evidence, fact, hope, idea, news, opinion, problem, promise, reason,truth等。

★ 連詞：that(不能用which)，連接副詞when, how, why, whether, 連接代詞what.★ 例句： His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.The news that our team has won the match is true.She asked the reason why there was a delay.The problem whether this material can be used in our factory has not been solved.He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is.四、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

★ 從意義上看，同位語從句是名詞性從句，是對一個名詞加以補充說明，而定語從句是形容詞性的，是對一個名詞加以修飾和限定。

★ 從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，同位語從句是由連接詞引導(dǎo)，連接詞雖在從句中那個不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不可省略。而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞，并在句中充當(dāng)成分（主語或賓語），充當(dāng)賓語時常可省略。

★ 例句：The news(that)he told me is really encouraging.定語從句

The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.同位語從句

五、賓語從句

★ 定義：句中及物動詞或介詞的賓語是一個完整的句子。

★ 連詞：連接賓語從句的連詞有that, whether, if, 連接代詞有 who，whose, what, which 以及連接副詞有when, where, how, why。★ 結(jié)構(gòu)：

主語+謂語+（連接詞）+賓語從句（用陳述句語序）

Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for? I wonder whether(if)daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.主語+謂語+it+賓補+that+賓語從句

用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的及物動詞有consider, find, make, regard, see, take, think。We find it necessary that we practise speaking English every day.He always take it for granted that he can pass the exam without hard work.