第一篇:高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句的教學(xué)反思與探索
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句的教學(xué)反思與探索
一、語(yǔ)法教學(xué)的重要性
語(yǔ) 法教學(xué)是英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的一個(gè)重要組成部分,肩負(fù)著培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)言技能和提高交際能力的任務(wù)。英語(yǔ)技能包括聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫四個(gè)方面,四者與語(yǔ)法都有密切的關(guān)系,語(yǔ)法具 備生成力,學(xué)會(huì)一種語(yǔ)法規(guī)則可產(chǎn)生出無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的句子。那么,掌握語(yǔ)法是提高英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力的重要途徑。因此,在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中必須重視語(yǔ)法教學(xué),不斷探索教學(xué)方 法,提高語(yǔ)法教學(xué)質(zhì)量,為提高英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的總體水平打下牢固的基礎(chǔ)。
二、任務(wù)型教學(xué)與語(yǔ)法教學(xué)
任務(wù)型教學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)在“做中學(xué),用中學(xué)”,即倡導(dǎo)教師根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容,創(chuàng)造性地設(shè)計(jì)各種任務(wù)活動(dòng),讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)做事,并在做事的過(guò)程中學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言,形成綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。
《普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》明確提到:“教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí),幫助他們形成以能力發(fā)展為目的的學(xué)習(xí)方式,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生通過(guò)體驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐、討論、合作和探究等方式,發(fā)展聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫的綜合語(yǔ)言技能?!薄耙獮閷W(xué)生獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)留有空間和時(shí)間,使學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)通過(guò)聯(lián)想、推理和歸納等思維活動(dòng)用英語(yǔ)分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題,獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn),增強(qiáng)自信,提高能力。”“要通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)豐富多彩的課內(nèi)外學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng),使學(xué)生在參與交際活動(dòng)的過(guò)程中形成交際策略?!?然 而,至今仍有部分教師固守傳統(tǒng)的語(yǔ)法教學(xué)理念,將大量課堂時(shí)間用來(lái)講解語(yǔ)法知識(shí),忽視學(xué)生的主觀能動(dòng)性。上述做法與新課程的要求是背道而馳的。因此,正確 領(lǐng)會(huì)新課程精神,優(yōu)化語(yǔ)法教學(xué)的方法,避免語(yǔ)法教學(xué)走極端,是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)改革的一個(gè)重要方面。下面我將結(jié)合一堂英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法隨堂課談一點(diǎn)感悟。
三、兩次語(yǔ)法教學(xué)實(shí)例的設(shè)計(jì)與反思 1.教學(xué)背景(1)學(xué)情分析:
上課課型:高中英語(yǔ)隨堂課—“倒裝句”語(yǔ)法課(2)教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析:
人教版NSEFC M5U4的主題是“Making the News”,閱讀課My First Work Assignment講述了Zhou Yang在一家英語(yǔ)報(bào)社第一天上班時(shí),和上司Hu Xin的談話,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生了解新聞工作者應(yīng)該具備的素質(zhì),新聞采訪的基本程序以及采訪時(shí)要注意的要點(diǎn)等等。文章里出現(xiàn)了四句倒裝句:
“Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.”
“Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.”
“Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.”
“Here comes my list of dos and don’ts.”(3)教學(xué)目標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì):
①教學(xué)內(nèi)容: NSEFC M5U4 Making the News, Grammar: inversion ②教學(xué)目標(biāo):
?learn the two forms of “inversion”— “full inversion” and “partial inversion”;? grasp inversion and learn to use it in various real life situations.(4)學(xué)生基本情況:這是高二的第一個(gè)學(xué)期,文理平行班剛分不久。高二(6)班是文科班,英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)較好,高二(8)班是理科班,英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)比較差,能開(kāi)口講英語(yǔ)的同學(xué)寥寥無(wú)幾,但兩個(gè)班的學(xué)生學(xué)英語(yǔ)的積極性都是比較高的。而且大部分學(xué)生都能主動(dòng)復(fù)習(xí)課文My First Work Assignment,記住成長(zhǎng)為一名好記者需要的基本素質(zhì)。同時(shí),根據(jù)教師的要求,背誦并默寫文中提到的四句倒裝句(見(jiàn)教學(xué)實(shí)踐,只讓他們背誦,并未告訴他們這是倒裝句)。2.第一次語(yǔ)法教學(xué)實(shí)例
在高二(6)班,我采用了PPP教學(xué)法,就是:(Presentation)展示語(yǔ)言材料,(Practice)對(duì)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行實(shí)踐,(Production)自由運(yùn)用、產(chǎn)出。
Step one: Lead in and Presentation;
Lead into the topic—“inversion” by going over the text “My First Work Assignment”, especially by asking and answering some basic skills on how to become a professional journalist.While reviewing the major information, present the inverse sentences on the screen.“Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.”
“Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.”
“Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.”
“Here comes my list of dos and don’ts.”
Present the related sentences in normal order, ask students to compare and discover the differences.Then conclude and lead into “inversion”.其次,運(yùn)用演繹法講授倒裝的諸多情況,即羅列大量倒裝句的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,通過(guò)多媒體向?qū)W生展現(xiàn),然后再輔以各種練習(xí)鞏固,也就是練習(xí)階段(Practice)。
最后,我設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù),進(jìn)而引導(dǎo)學(xué)生如何運(yùn)用該語(yǔ)法知識(shí)解決生活中的實(shí)際問(wèn)題,也就是所謂的輸出(production)。
First, work in pairs and do exercise2 and 3 on page29
Second, now write down some sentences beginning with the adverbs below.Make them into a story.Then finish that story and write one of your own.There, here, out, in, away, up
There came a loud series of knocks on the door.So I opened it.In the doorway stood a small boy and his father.In front of them was a broken bicycle lying on the ground.“Here’s my son’s bike,” explained the man.最 后,布置回家作業(yè),要求各個(gè)小組完成自編的故事內(nèi)容,并再次復(fù)習(xí)倒裝的句型以及語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。我原以為以上的課堂設(shè)計(jì)改變了傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)模式,不僅把學(xué)生的注意 力引導(dǎo)到掌握語(yǔ)言知識(shí)上,而且更加關(guān)注學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,能夠讓學(xué)生在特定的場(chǎng)合和情景中運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言形式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)交際的目的;既不脫離教材,又不局限于教 材。但是,在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中卻出現(xiàn)了一些低效現(xiàn)象,值得反思。
第一:學(xué)生主體地位不到位
在呈現(xiàn)大量的倒裝句的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則時(shí)候,幾乎所有的學(xué)生都忙著抄寫倒裝的句型、看著呈現(xiàn)的例句,做著重復(fù)的習(xí)題,沒(méi)有時(shí)間思考,沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)言,感到十分的枯燥乏味,而且有一小部分基礎(chǔ)差的學(xué)生甚至趴在桌上,昏昏欲睡。反思出現(xiàn)上述現(xiàn)象的主要原因在于教師忽略了“以生為本”的教學(xué)中心。在教學(xué)中,由于我采用了演繹法,即羅列了大量的倒裝句的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則向?qū)W生展現(xiàn),然后又輔以各種練習(xí)鞏固,學(xué)生基本處于一種被動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)中。因此,教師應(yīng)把語(yǔ)法規(guī)律的發(fā)現(xiàn)、討論、學(xué)習(xí)和吸收交于學(xué)生自己去進(jìn)行,語(yǔ)法規(guī)則是自己“發(fā)現(xiàn)”的,學(xué)生才感覺(jué)到學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法的樂(lè)趣。所以,教師一定要以學(xué)生為中心,要善于引導(dǎo)學(xué)生用腦子想,用眼睛看,用耳朵聽(tīng),用嘴說(shuō),用手做,用自己的心靈去感悟,享受學(xué)習(xí)的樂(lè)趣,從而使課堂煥發(fā)無(wú)限的生命力。
第二:缺乏趣味性
在課堂中,大部分學(xué)生都一直在機(jī)械地背誦、記 憶,然后強(qiáng)化練習(xí),一堂課下來(lái),既沒(méi)有高潮也沒(méi)有低谷,枯燥無(wú)味,老師和學(xué)生都累得夠嗆,實(shí)際效用無(wú)從得知。反思出現(xiàn)上述這個(gè)現(xiàn)象關(guān)鍵在于教師的教學(xué)內(nèi)容 設(shè)計(jì)。教師羅列了大量的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,為了教語(yǔ)法而教語(yǔ)法,拼命向?qū)W生灌輸語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,學(xué)生很快就因枯燥乏味而失去學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣。因此,教師在教語(yǔ)法的時(shí)候,要重視學(xué)生的參與,教學(xué)形式豐富多彩,才能極大地激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣。
第三:教學(xué)任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)難度偏大
在 輸出階段,我提供了文章的開(kāi)頭和放在句首的幾個(gè)副詞,而接下來(lái)的都需要學(xué)生自己發(fā)揮想象空間,自己編寫故事。本以為這樣的開(kāi)放性作文可以提高學(xué)生的想象力 和創(chuàng)造力,并最終達(dá)到學(xué)以致用的目的。但在實(shí)踐中,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)小組的作文了了幾筆,內(nèi)容貧乏,句式單一,而有一個(gè)小組甚至沒(méi)有按照倒裝句的要求進(jìn)行寫 作。反思這個(gè)現(xiàn)象,關(guān)鍵在于教師的任務(wù)實(shí)施設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)節(jié)。在任務(wù)實(shí)施環(huán)節(jié),教師所設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)應(yīng)由簡(jiǎn)到繁,由易到難,前后貫通,層層深入,構(gòu)建階梯性任務(wù)鏈。只有這樣,才能使任務(wù)具有可操作性。在此,要特別注意的是,防止把任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)得過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單,而使學(xué)生索然無(wú)味,或把任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)得太難,而使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生畏懼感,失去對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的信心。
第四:學(xué)生的互動(dòng)性相對(duì)缺乏
二人活動(dòng)和小組討論的合作學(xué)習(xí)的確增強(qiáng)了學(xué)生參與學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì),但是多半是語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力強(qiáng)的學(xué)生在發(fā)言,在代表小組匯報(bào);而一些學(xué)生卻習(xí)慣于作為聽(tīng)眾,很少甚至不發(fā)表個(gè)人意見(jiàn),漸漸地他們對(duì)一切語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)都漠不關(guān)心。
反思:出現(xiàn)上述現(xiàn)象與教師的教學(xué)方式不無(wú)關(guān)系。不少教師喜歡叫成績(jī)好的學(xué)生回答問(wèn)題,而且對(duì)他們肯定和表?yè)P(yáng),漸漸的,基礎(chǔ)較差的學(xué)生都習(xí)慣做“看客”。日本心理學(xué)家多湖輝曾說(shuō)過(guò):“在每個(gè)孩子身上都蘊(yùn)藏著巨大的、不可估量的潛力。教師只有尊重學(xué)生的興趣、愛(ài)好、個(gè)性、人格和差異,以適合學(xué)生特點(diǎn)的形式多樣的教學(xué)方法來(lái)對(duì)待每個(gè)學(xué)生,才能使學(xué)生的身心自由地發(fā)展,創(chuàng)造性的成長(zhǎng)”。所以,小組分工必須明確,力爭(zhēng)使每個(gè)學(xué)生在活動(dòng)中都有話可說(shuō),有活可干,任務(wù)的結(jié)果能使學(xué)生獲得成就感,樹(shù)立自信心,并產(chǎn)生繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力。
3.第二次語(yǔ)法教學(xué)實(shí)踐
通過(guò)對(duì)第一次教學(xué)實(shí)踐的反思,我對(duì)第二次語(yǔ)法教學(xué)實(shí)踐作了適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整。雖然高二(8)班英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)比較差,但是大多數(shù)學(xué)生都積極主動(dòng)地參與學(xué)習(xí)討論,取得了良好的教學(xué)效果,達(dá)到預(yù)期的教學(xué)目的。第二次語(yǔ)法教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)主要是對(duì)第二階段(practice)和第三階段(production)進(jìn)行了修改:
Step 2: practice and summing up(1)Rewrite the following sentences.(1)Only then did I realize I was wrong.(Key: I realized I was wrong then.)
(2)Only in this way can we make progress.(Key: We can make progress in this way.)(3)Only when we help others do we become happy.(Key: We become happy when we help others.)
Q: Work in pairs.Compare the three pairs of sentences and discover what usually makes a sentence with “only” at the beginning inverse.Summary: “only+ 詞/ 短語(yǔ)/ 從句”位于句首,句子常部分倒裝。
謂語(yǔ)部分結(jié)構(gòu)為:
1.動(dòng)詞
2.+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)其余部分
3.動(dòng)詞
Practice:
Describe the pictures with “only + adverbial” at the beginning of your sentence.Next, lead into the second form of inversion— “negative words”.(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:學(xué)生合作,比較正常語(yǔ)序和倒裝語(yǔ)序的三組句子,歸納出only引起倒裝的三種情況,進(jìn)而推論出部分倒裝句的謂語(yǔ)部分的特點(diǎn)。然后,我選了本班學(xué)生的圖片(王小芳和陳華:她們兩位同學(xué)上學(xué)期成績(jī)進(jìn)步很大,此話題貼近學(xué)生的生活),讓學(xué)生用“Only?can you?”的結(jié)構(gòu)面對(duì)面去祝賀。通過(guò)虛擬情景的練習(xí),學(xué)生能夠“現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)賣”,掌握only引起的倒裝句。)
Step 3: practice and summing up(2)
Without hard work, Wang Xuxia couldn’t succeed.Without hard work, Shi Chenchang couldn’t succeed.→Without hard work, Wang Xuxia couldn’t succeed.(key: Shi Chenchang couldn’t succeed, either.)
→Without hard work, Wang Xuxia couldn’t succeed.(key: Neither/ Nor could Shi Chenchang.)
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:繼續(xù)運(yùn)用王小芳和陳華為話題,由“Only?can you?”的結(jié)構(gòu)順利引入新知識(shí)—“否定詞位于句首引起倒裝”。同時(shí),以舊引新,印象深刻。)Summary:
當(dāng)前面的情況也適用于另一人或事物時(shí),可用結(jié)構(gòu):
So + 助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)(肯定句中)Neither/ Nor+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)(否定句中)
Exercises:
(1)My cousin is not 19..A.So am I.B.Neither am I.C.Neither is I.(2)I haven’t been to New York..A.So haven’t we.B.Nor have we.(3)Mary can speak English..A.So can we.B.So do we.(4)Bonnie enjoys classical music..A.So can I.B.So do we.(5)Lily went shopping yesterday..A.So went Tony.B.So did Tony.(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:讓學(xué)生做到“在做中學(xué)”,快速掌握新知識(shí)。)
Well, in fact, Wang Xuxia and Shi Chenchang will not only work hard at present, but they will make a greater contribution in the future.→Not only(key: will Wang Xuxia and Shi Chenchang work hard at present), but they will make a greater contribution in the future.(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:再次回到王小芳和陳華,道出他們的內(nèi)心想法:今日多努力,明日多貢獻(xiàn)。同時(shí),通過(guò)觀察法讓學(xué)生主動(dòng)去發(fā)現(xiàn)并列連詞not only?but also?的倒裝特點(diǎn)。)Summary: not only?but also?并列兩個(gè)句子時(shí),(not only)分句部分倒裝,(but also)分句不變。
→(Not only)Wang Xuxia(but also)Shi Chenchang will work hard at present, and they will make a greater contribution in the future.注意:not only?but also?并列(主語(yǔ))時(shí),句子順序不變。
拓展:
否定詞位于句首,使用部分倒裝。常見(jiàn)的否定詞有: never, not, not only, little, seldom, hardly, in no time, by no means?
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:在拓展前,我展示了三位奧運(yùn)冠軍──郭晶晶、張怡寧和楊威的照片,并在他們的照片上打出他們的“口號(hào)” ──“I will never give up!”改寫為“Never will I give up!”運(yùn)用演繹法,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生運(yùn)用從“特殊”到“一般”概括理論。)Game:
Work in pairs, rewrite the sentence in inversion.Do it orally.One reads out the original sentence, the other rewrites it.The pair which rewrites the sentence correctly wins a star for the group.And the group with the most stars will win.(設(shè)計(jì)意圖: 課間分發(fā)紙條任務(wù)時(shí),結(jié)合學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)水平:57位學(xué)生倆倆合作,26個(gè)小題各不相同。故這個(gè)活動(dòng)從合作教學(xué)和交際教學(xué)的原則出發(fā),不僅提供情景教學(xué)的多樣性,而且讓學(xué)生整堂課都處于新鮮感不斷的亢奮狀態(tài)中,促進(jìn)有效學(xué)習(xí)。)
Step 4: practice and summing up(3)
Here comes the result.(一語(yǔ)道出本節(jié)課的最后一個(gè)語(yǔ)法——完全倒裝)
Open your mind and find one more example in this unit.(key: Here comes my list of dos and don’ts.)
Rewrite the sentence above in normal order.(key : My list of dos and don’ts comes here.)
Group work── Compare the following pairs and find the rule:
(1)①Today many teachers come here.② Here come many teachers today.2)①M(fèi)r.Black went there.② There went Mr.Black
(3)①There is a book on the table.② On the table is a book.(4)①He went away.② Away she went.(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:提供四組句子,讓學(xué)生小組討論,通過(guò)探究法、觀察法、發(fā)現(xiàn)法等找出每組句子的不同點(diǎn)。從而歸納出下面的結(jié)論。)
Summary:
句子中表方向和地點(diǎn)的(副)詞、(介詞)短語(yǔ)可置于句首,以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。主語(yǔ)是(名詞)時(shí),完全倒裝;主語(yǔ)是(人稱代詞)時(shí),主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序不變。
Practice: Translate the following sentence,first normal then inversion.(1)她已經(jīng)來(lái)了。
(2)我的建議如下。
(3)我們教室前面有一排高高的樹(shù)。
(4)前面做著一個(gè)老婦人。
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:先讓學(xué)生用正常語(yǔ)序翻譯,再結(jié)合剛才summary中完全倒裝句的特點(diǎn)改寫為倒裝句。符合中學(xué)生的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)和超強(qiáng)的模仿力的特點(diǎn)。)
Step5: consolidation:
Work in group of 4 and do use inversion!
Make up a short story(about 5-8 sentences)according to the pictures.Fairy tale DIY(自編童話版)Title: Snow White and the seven dwarfs(白雪公主和七個(gè)小矮人)Help: a small wooden house小木屋
(1)In no time Snow White.(2)In front of her.(3)Nearby a river.(4)Not only Snow White , but also.5)(否定詞)(助動(dòng)詞)Snow White forget this unforgettable experience.the seven dwarfs(小矮人也不會(huì)忘記。)Here is the beginning of your story :
One day outside was Snow White swinging.Suddenly?
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
One day outside was Snow White swinging.Suddenly
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:選擇學(xué)生熟悉的“白雪公主和七個(gè)小矮人”的故事,貼近學(xué)生的閱歷,能迅速調(diào)動(dòng)他們的創(chuàng)作熱情。而且我采用了造句和連句成文的半開(kāi)放式作文,最后才過(guò)渡到作文,使任務(wù)具有可操作性。)
Step6: homework
Finish DIY your story and write it down in your exercise book.(設(shè)計(jì)意圖: 家庭作業(yè)是課堂教學(xué)活動(dòng)的延伸,旨在鞏固學(xué)生所建構(gòu)的知識(shí)。根據(jù)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知能力和接受程度,設(shè)計(jì)了造句、連句成文的半開(kāi)放式作文,使任務(wù)具有可操作性。而且任務(wù)的結(jié)果能使學(xué)生獲得成就感,樹(shù)立自信,并產(chǎn)生繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力)。
四、實(shí)踐反思
第二次案例遵循任務(wù)型教學(xué)在“做中學(xué)”的 原則,把課堂時(shí)間更多地交給學(xué)生,充分地發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主動(dòng)性和創(chuàng)造性,使他們通過(guò)體驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐、合作和探究等方式,全面發(fā)展學(xué)生的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫等語(yǔ)言技能; 課堂內(nèi)容取材于學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)與生活,能夠極大地提高學(xué)生的積極性和表現(xiàn)欲;課堂設(shè)計(jì)的每項(xiàng)任務(wù)都有明確目的,層層推進(jìn);課堂活動(dòng)形式多種多樣,包括“表演型任務(wù)”,“展示型任務(wù)”和“小組討論觀察法”等;從課堂效果來(lái)看,學(xué)生能夠提高語(yǔ)言實(shí)際的運(yùn)用能力,達(dá)到教學(xué)的最終目的。
兩次語(yǔ)法教學(xué)實(shí)踐使我深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)到語(yǔ)法教學(xué)的重要位置。作為教師,一定要辨證地處理好語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力之間的關(guān)系,精心設(shè)計(jì)每一個(gè)教學(xué)活動(dòng),注意語(yǔ)法教學(xué)與其他方面知識(shí)的整合,特別是,要給學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)“做中學(xué)”的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。只有這樣,才能使學(xué)生更好地掌握語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),有效地提高其語(yǔ)言交際能力。
第二篇:高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法練習(xí)反意疑問(wèn)句和倒裝句
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法練習(xí)-反意疑問(wèn)句和倒裝句
1.It’s the third time that John has been late, ____? A.hasn’t he B.isn’t he C.isn’t it D.hasn’t it 2.Let’s take a rest, ___________.A.will we B.shall we C.shan’t we
D.won’t we 3.Let us pass, _________? A.shan’t we B.shall we C.won’t we D.will you 4.Wait a minute, __________? A.shall you B.will you C.do you D.don’t you 5.The suit’s finished, __________?
A.doesn’t it B.isn’t it C.haven’t you D.hasn’t it 6.He’s posted the letter, _________he?
A.isn’t B.doesn’t
C.hasn’t D.wasn’t 7.They’d go with us, __________?
A.wouldn’t they B.didn’t they C.hadn’t they D.couldn’t they 8.What fresh air, ________? A.is it B.does it C.isn’t it D.doesn’t it
9.The Emperor’s clothes became the talk of the whole city, _________? A.did it B.didn’t it C.did they D.didn’t they
10.Mr.And Mrs.Turner work in this hospital, ________? A.are they B.aren’t they C.do they D.don’t they 11.She has breakfast at six every day, ________? A.has she B.hasn’t she C.does she D.doesn’t she 12.Nothing seems to please her, _________? A.does it B.doesn’t it C.is it D.isn’t it 13.She never tells a lie, ________? A.does she B.doesn’t she C.is it
D.isn’t it 14.You hardly know each other, _________? A.do you B.don’t you C.have you D.didn’t you 15.The man in blue must be your brother, _____? A.mustn’t he B.needn’t he C.isn’t he D.is he 16.I don’t think he will come to our party, _____? A.will he B.won’t he C.does he D.do I 17.I suppose he’s serious, ___________? A.do IB.don’t IC.is he D.isn’t he
18.Wang said that he was not there then, _____? A.did he B.didn’t he C.was he D.wasn’t he 19.You daren’t say that to him, _________?
A.dare you B.do you C.daren’t you D.don’t you
20.You must have read about Dickens long ago, __________?
用心
愛(ài)心
專心 A.mustn’t you
B.haven’t you C.can’t you D.didn’t you 21.You’d better not smoke here, ________? A.will you B.shall you C.have you D.had you 22.There isn’t going to be a volleyball match next week, __________? A.is it B.isn’t it C.is there D.isn’t there
23.There used to be a church behind the cemetery,_____________? A.didn’t there B.used there C.usedn’t It D.didn’t it 24.What a lovely day, _________? A.doesn’t it B.hasn’t it C.won’t D.isn’t it 25.You must have been there, ____________? A.have you B.did you
C.haven’t you D.didn’t you 26.That is your school, ___________? A.isn’t that B.mustn’t it
C.isn’t it D.won’t it 27.She dislikes this skirt, _________________? A.doesn’t she B.does she C.isn’t she
D.is she 28.No one can stop us from going there, ______? A.can’t it B.can they C.can’t they D.can one 29.---Where is your father?---Oh, __________.A.here comes he
B.here does he come C.he here comes
D.here he comes 30.Look, _________.A.here the bus comes B.here is the bus coming C.here comes the bus D.here the bus is coming 31.________ , I would have phoned you.A.If I knew it B.Had I known it C.If I know it
D.Did I know it 32._________ in the river yesterday, the boy _________.A.Were Mr Black not;would not be drowned B.Were Mr Black;would be drowned C.Had Mr Black not been;would have been drowned D.Hadn't Mr Black been;would have drowned 33.---It was cold yesterday.---__________.Which of the following is wrong? A.So it was B.So is it today C.So was it the day before D.So it did 34.---She's passed the entrance examination.---____.A.So am I B.So have I C.So I have D.Also I have 35.________ that he found it difficult to stop at the red light.A.So fast he was driving B.So fast he drove C.So fast was he drivingD.So fast drive he 36.Hardly ___________ the railway station when the train started.A.did reach B.had I reached C.I reached .I had reached 37.No sooner _________ asleep than she heard a knock at the door.A.she had fallen B.had she fallen C.she had fell D.had she fell 38.Only after his death __________ considered correct.用心
愛(ài)心
專心 A.was his theory B.his theory was C.did his theory D.had his theory 39._________ his appearance that no one could recognize him.A.So was strange B.Was so strange C.So strange was D.Strange so was 40.__________ about her illness and still worked very hard.A.She knows little B.Little did she know C.Little does she know D.She didn't know something 41.Only when the line was fixed _________ from floating away from the spaceship.A.could he keep B.he could keep C.he could be kept D.could he be kept 42.__________ , she wanted to buy her husband a Christmas gift.A.As she was short of money B.Though money is short C.She was short of money D.Short of money as she was 43._________ about the universe up till now.A.We know quite a lotB.Only little we have known C.Very little have we knownD.So much we do know 44._________ , she was very brave.A.Girl as she was B.As she was a girlC.A girl as she was D.Girl as was she 45.Such _________ the results of the experiments.A.is B.was C.a(chǎn)re D.a(chǎn)s be 46.Albert Einstein cared little for money.___________ Professor Wang.A.Either did B.So was C.So did D.Neither did 47.____ there no gravity, there would be no human beings on the earth.A.If B.If was C.If not D.Were 48.Only when ________ the painting _________ decide whether the painting is worth buying.A.the sees;he can B.does he see;can he C.he sees;can he D.sees he;he can 49.On the wall ___________ two large portraits.A.hangs B.hang C.hanged
D.a(chǎn)re hanging 50._________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang pu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will 參考答案:
1~20: CBDBB CACDD DAAAC ADBAD 21~40: DCADC CABDC BCDBC BBACB 41~50: DDCAC DDCBB
用心
愛(ài)心
專心 3
第三篇:高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)反思
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)反思
隨著新課程改革的進(jìn)行,語(yǔ)法教學(xué)的改革也已經(jīng)提上日程,傳統(tǒng)的灌輸式教育大大挫傷了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法的熱情,所以傳統(tǒng)的語(yǔ)法教學(xué)方法早該退出歷史舞臺(tái)。教師必須探究如何把語(yǔ)法教學(xué)向高效、有趣、實(shí)用的方向轉(zhuǎn)變。
一、學(xué)習(xí)本身是艱苦而又漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程,更是提高和深化的過(guò)程。傳統(tǒng)的語(yǔ)法教學(xué)是首先講很多很多規(guī)則,然后舉例驗(yàn)證那些規(guī)則,學(xué)生覺(jué)得唯一可以提高語(yǔ)法的方法就是熟記語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,背誦典型句子。如此學(xué)生的一天變得異常枯燥乏味。如今,語(yǔ)法教學(xué)正在轉(zhuǎn)變,不再是老師一味的灌輸各個(gè)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,而是老師設(shè)置情景,讓學(xué)生自己發(fā)現(xiàn)新的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象,然后讓學(xué)生自己總結(jié)新的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象該怎么運(yùn)用才算正確。如此,學(xué)生更加有成就感,而且以這種方法學(xué)到的內(nèi)容也不容易忘記。
二、將語(yǔ)法教學(xué)與閱讀結(jié)合。如果把語(yǔ)法教學(xué)放在閱讀過(guò)程中,就能讓學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn),思考,分析遇到的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象,加深對(duì)這些語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象的理解。如,教師在教授動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),可以讓學(xué)生看一篇文章:Last week I went to the theater.I had a very seat.The play was very interesting.I didn’t enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned around.I looked at them.They didn’t pay any attention.In the end I could not bear it.I turned around again.I couldn’t hear a word.I said angrily.The young man said that it was none of my business.He said that it was their private conversation.然后讓他們說(shuō)出遇到的新語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象,同時(shí)教師可以給出一些詞或詞組last Sunday in the morning do home work in the afternoon play basketball in the evening watch TV surf the Internet go to be等,讓學(xué)生描述他們?cè)鯓佣冗^(guò)上個(gè)星期日的,最后教師讓學(xué)生把描述的句子寫在作業(yè)本上。通過(guò)閱讀語(yǔ)法教學(xué)活動(dòng)既能讓學(xué) 生學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),又能提高學(xué)生的表達(dá)能力,寫作,閱讀能力。
三、老師設(shè)疑不正。平行班的學(xué)生設(shè)置問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力比較差。所以老師可以循序漸進(jìn)的給學(xué)生提供問(wèn)題,再讓學(xué)生自己逐步解決問(wèn)題。最后引導(dǎo)學(xué)生將已經(jīng)設(shè)置的和已經(jīng)解決的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。這樣也可以提高大家學(xué)習(xí)的積極性。
四、不要忘記表?yè)P(yáng)學(xué)生。任何人都需要表?yè)P(yáng),尤其是正在學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生。老師不能只看考試成績(jī),要看學(xué)生本身的能力和水平,如果他有了進(jìn)步,應(yīng)該及時(shí)鼓勵(lì)和激勵(lì)。隨堂的表?yè)P(yáng)可以大大增加學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性。
總之,高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)的改革還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走,我們必須讓我們的學(xué)生走出傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)方法。讓他們發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的樂(lè)趣,讓他們愛(ài)學(xué)、愛(ài)思考、有進(jìn)步、有成就。
第四篇:高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)反思
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)反思
黃秀珍
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué),是困擾廣大師生的一個(gè)難題。語(yǔ)法是一門語(yǔ)言的使用規(guī)則,在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中,學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法是基礎(chǔ),而且使我們?cè)鲩L(zhǎng)知識(shí),開(kāi)闊視野。教師在教授語(yǔ)法知識(shí)時(shí),更要充分激發(fā)他們的興趣,提高語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的能力。把英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)變成學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的英語(yǔ)的中最有吸引力的部分。
那么,高中教師怎樣教授語(yǔ)法知識(shí)呢?我們不防就兩種教學(xué)方法進(jìn)行一下對(duì)比,傳統(tǒng)的語(yǔ)法教學(xué)采用演繹法。即教師把語(yǔ)法規(guī)律按照一定摸式呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生。例如教師在講授虛擬語(yǔ)氣這一語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象時(shí),首先把語(yǔ)法規(guī)則板書(shū):
一、什么是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
二、由if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中,從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去時(shí),be動(dòng)詞用were,主句謂語(yǔ)用would(could,should,might)do。隨后,教師分別舉了幾個(gè)含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。最后教師讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行練習(xí)。這種演繹的教學(xué)方法受到批判的因素是:
1、教師 “不累”。即教師從備課到教學(xué),幾乎少動(dòng)腦筋。教學(xué)方式比較守舊和僵化。
2、學(xué)生 “機(jī)械”。即學(xué)生被動(dòng)而機(jī)械地接受語(yǔ)法知識(shí)死記條條框框。這和高中生活躍的思維和年齡特征是格格不入的。
3、課堂 “死水一潭”。因?yàn)檠堇[法以教師的說(shuō)為主,缺乏師生互動(dòng)關(guān)系,導(dǎo)致課堂氣氛不活躍。這會(huì)使學(xué)生失去學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。
與演繹法相對(duì)的是歸納法。歸納法與演繹法全然不同,即經(jīng)過(guò)老師的啟發(fā),學(xué)生自己發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律,總結(jié)規(guī)律。同是在講授虛擬語(yǔ)氣,首先教師口頭造了一個(gè)句子:If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.(假如我是一只鳥(niǎo),我就在天空中飛翔。)“此時(shí)學(xué)生好生奇怪:主語(yǔ)是I,be 動(dòng)詞卻用were,通常情況下是用am或was。于是大家疑惑一陣就紛紛發(fā)言了:老師,怎么用were,是不是弄錯(cuò)了。這樣,教師就把學(xué)生的好奇心和學(xué)習(xí)興趣調(diào)動(dòng)起來(lái)了。課堂氣氛也非?;钴S。隨后老師進(jìn)行解釋:這就是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句式結(jié)構(gòu)要注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化。教師再舉幾個(gè)例子讓學(xué)生探究和合作學(xué)習(xí)。最后,教師對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行有意義的練習(xí)。于是學(xué)生對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣這一語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象有了一個(gè)全面而深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)。這就是歸納的教學(xué)法。這種教學(xué)方法符合新教材教學(xué)特點(diǎn),歸納法使教師不得不大大增加自己的知識(shí),而且進(jìn)行充分的備課。“備課”甚至可以認(rèn)為是“想課”。思考怎樣教好 1 學(xué)生,讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí),如何做到深入淺出,通俗易懂。思考的過(guò)程,是一個(gè)花時(shí)間和精力過(guò)程。一個(gè)聰明睿智的教師,會(huì)把更多的精力花在備課上。
在注意語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)入的同時(shí),讓學(xué)生全方位學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法也是更加重要的。結(jié)合新課程教育理念,突出一個(gè)“新”字,要成功進(jìn)行高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)應(yīng)做到以下七點(diǎn):
1、提醒學(xué)生預(yù)習(xí)。預(yù)習(xí)是課堂教學(xué)的前奏,是一種有效的接受知識(shí)的手段。是一種讓學(xué)生把瞬時(shí)記憶轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚L(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶的一種方法。在導(dǎo)入一個(gè)新語(yǔ)法之前,把預(yù)習(xí)當(dāng)作讓學(xué)生必做的家庭作業(yè)。
2、注意傳授語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的量度。例如在傳授“定語(yǔ)從句”這一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)時(shí),它涉及的內(nèi)容多而雜,教師不可能在一節(jié)課全部讓學(xué)生融會(huì)貫通,“填滿”為止。在第一課時(shí),教師只需講定語(yǔ)從句的概念、結(jié)構(gòu)、以及關(guān)系代詞which, that, who, whom;關(guān)系副詞where , when, why 至于關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法和特殊用法,可在下幾節(jié)課中去講解。
3、注意反復(fù)。講完一個(gè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)后,教師要在課堂上讓學(xué)生反復(fù)練習(xí),從而喚起學(xué)生的記憶。
4、在語(yǔ)法練習(xí)中讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)成功感。這體現(xiàn)在作業(yè)和測(cè)驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)上。學(xué)生掌握什么,教師就讓他們做這方面的作業(yè)。學(xué)生會(huì)什么,教師就測(cè)驗(yàn)什么。讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)了成功感,當(dāng)然他們就對(duì)這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象充滿自信,從而為以后更深層次的知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。
5、注意學(xué)生的異體性?!爱愺w性”即個(gè)體差異。教師對(duì)不同層次的學(xué)生,要采用不同的傳授方法和指導(dǎo)方法。練習(xí)難易要適當(dāng),要使每一個(gè)學(xué)生在課堂上都學(xué)有所得。
6、注意提問(wèn)時(shí)的輔助與提示。無(wú)論是在提問(wèn),練習(xí)或是表演當(dāng)中,教師都應(yīng)給予學(xué)生適當(dāng)?shù)奶崾?,讓他們連續(xù)正確地把內(nèi)容表達(dá)出來(lái)。而不是去中止或是打斷或是過(guò)早評(píng)判學(xué)生是否具有回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題的能力。
7、激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣。首先,我們應(yīng)明白英語(yǔ)是一門語(yǔ)言,只有在應(yīng)用中才能提高語(yǔ)言能力。教師在課后把剛學(xué)過(guò)的語(yǔ)法應(yīng)用到交談中去。在練習(xí)當(dāng)中巧設(shè)問(wèn)題情境,避免學(xué)生機(jī)械練習(xí),進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性、實(shí)效性的練習(xí)。
在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中要達(dá)到拓展學(xué)生創(chuàng)新思維的目的,我必須把新的教育理念滲透到每一個(gè)教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)中,這樣高中語(yǔ)法教學(xué)上才會(huì)找到新的出路?!皼](méi)有教不會(huì)的學(xué)生,只有教不好的老師?!?,我深信:只要每位教師在高中語(yǔ)法教學(xué)上多動(dòng)腦筋,大膽創(chuàng)新,一切問(wèn)題都會(huì)迎刃而解的。
第五篇:高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句教案.
倒裝
在英語(yǔ)中,主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序通常是主語(yǔ)在前,謂語(yǔ)在后。但有時(shí)由于語(yǔ)法或修辭的需要將謂語(yǔ)的部分或全部提到主語(yǔ)前面,這樣的語(yǔ)序叫做“倒裝“
倒裝的種類:部分倒裝----助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 全部倒裝----謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ) 一.在特殊句型中: 1.在疑問(wèn)句中: eg: Is this your cell phone number? What do you prefer? 2.在感嘆句中: eg: How happy they are!What fun it is!3.在虛擬條件句中: eg: If I were a bird, I could fly freely.=……
Had I known it earlier, I wouldn’t have lent him the money.Long live peace!May our friendship be everlasting!4.直接引語(yǔ)的一部分或全部放在句首時(shí);eg: “You should have been here earlier,” said the teacher.“You,” said his father, “do the housework.” 二.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中用全部倒裝: 1.在there be句型中;
eg: There are thousands of people gathering on the square.There lived an old fisherman in the village.2.在“here, there, now, thus, then+動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”的句子中,(動(dòng)詞為be, go, come等;eg: Now comes my turn.There goes the bell.Then came the order to leave.3.在“out in, up down, offaway”以及表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組位于句首時(shí);eg: Away went the crowed one by one.In came a stranger in black.Down fell the leaves.On the floor were piles of old books.注意:若主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞,則用正常語(yǔ)序----adv.+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ);eg: Out she went.Here we are.4.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ),構(gòu)成“表語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu);eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader.Gone are the days when women were looked down upon!在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中用部分倒裝: 1.含有否定意義的adv或conj(not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere, not until, not only, by no means等位于句首時(shí);eg: He cannot speak an English word.----Not an English word can he speak.I have never seen him before.----Never ……
The mother didn’t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.----Not until the baby fell asleep did the mother leave the room.注意:not until引導(dǎo)的句子,主句倒裝,從句不用倒裝。
2.only位于句首,且修飾狀語(yǔ)時(shí),主句倒裝;eg: Only in this way can you use the computer well.只有意識(shí)到這門課的重要,我們才能學(xué)好它。Only she can settle this problem.(TF? 3.so用在句首,表示另一主語(yǔ)“也”時(shí),用“So + be(have,助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)(有時(shí)也用as替代;若表示另一主語(yǔ)“也不”時(shí),用“NorNeither + be(have,助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu);eg: She has been to Heifei.So have we.It is cold today.So it is.(TF? She won’t accept that invitation.NeitherNor will he.注意:(1“So + 主語(yǔ)+ be(have,助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”表示對(duì)前面所說(shuō)的話加以肯定,譯為“的確如此”;
(2若前面所說(shuō)的既有肯定又有否定,或前后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不一致, 用“It is the same with + 主語(yǔ)”或“So it is with + 主語(yǔ)”;
eg: He worked hard, but didn’t pass the exam.So it was with his sister.She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching.So it is with him.4.在”as(盡管”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中;(可以換成though eg: Shortest though she is, she is the richest.(最高級(jí)前不用冠詞 Child as he is, he knows a lot.(單數(shù)名詞前不用a Fail as I did, I would try again.(動(dòng)詞提前,助動(dòng)詞留在原位
Hard as he tried, he couldn’t pass the exam.(副詞提前
5.在”so…that…”和”such…that…”句型中的so和such位于句首時(shí),用”sosuch + adj + 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”;
eg: So difficult was the exam that more than a half of the students failed.