第一篇：英美文學(xué)賞析（定稿）

《傲慢與偏見》作品賞析

【摘要】《傲慢與偏見》是奧斯丁的代表作。這部作品以日常生活為素材，一反當(dāng)時社會上流行的感傷小說的內(nèi)容和矯揉造作的寫作方法，生動地反映了18世紀(jì)末到19世紀(jì)初處于保守和閉塞狀態(tài)下的英國鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)生活和世態(tài)人情。這部社會風(fēng)情畫式的小說不僅在當(dāng)時吸引著廣大的讀者，時至今日，仍給讀者以獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)享受。

【關(guān)鍵字】 《傲慢與偏見》語言藝術(shù)愛情取材

一、內(nèi)容賞析

奧斯丁在這部小說中通過班納特五個女兒對待終身大事的不同處理，表現(xiàn)出鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中產(chǎn)階級家庭出身的少女對婚姻愛情問題的不同態(tài)度，從而反映了作者本人的婚姻觀：為了財產(chǎn)、金錢和地位而結(jié)婚是錯誤的；而結(jié)婚不考慮上述因素也是愚蠢的。因此，她既反對為金錢而結(jié)婚，也反對把婚姻當(dāng)兒戲。她強(qiáng)調(diào)理想婚姻的重要性，并把男女雙方感情作為締結(jié)理想婚姻的基石。

書中的女主人公伊麗莎白出身于小地主家庭，為富豪子弟達(dá)西所熱愛。達(dá)西不顧門第和財富的差距，向她求婚，卻遭到拒絕。伊麗莎白對他的誤會和偏見是一個原因，但主要的是她討厭他的傲慢。因為達(dá)西的這種傲慢實際上是地位差異的反映，只要存在這種傲慢，他與伊麗莎白之間就不可能有共同的思想感情，也不可能有理想的婚姻。以后伊麗莎白親眼觀察了達(dá)西的為人處世和一系列所作所為，特別是看到他改變了過去那種驕傲自負(fù)的神態(tài)，消除了對他的誤會和偏見，從而與他締結(jié)了美滿姻緣。伊麗莎白對達(dá)西先后幾次求婚的不同態(tài)度，實際上反映了女性對人格獨(dú)立和平等權(quán)利的追求。這是伊麗莎白這一人物形象的進(jìn)步意義。

從小說看，伊麗莎白聰敏機(jī)智，有膽識，有遠(yuǎn)見，有很強(qiáng)的自尊心，并善于思考問題。就當(dāng)時一個待字閨中的小姐來講，這是難能可貴的。正是由于這種品質(zhì)，才使她在愛情問題上有獨(dú)立的主見，并導(dǎo)致她與達(dá)西組成美滿的家庭。

在《傲慢與偏見》中，奧斯丁還寫了伊麗莎白的幾個姐妹和女友的婚事，這些都是陪襯，用來與女主人公理想的婚姻相對照。如夏綠蒂和柯林斯盡管婚后過著舒適的物質(zhì)生活，但他們之間沒有愛情，這種婚姻實際上是掩蓋在華麗外衣下的社會悲劇。

然而就在重重誤解、心機(jī)、成見與持續(xù)華麗表面生活的遮掩下，擋不住的愛情仍如結(jié)晶的璞玉一般，終究不能不脫穎而出，傲慢與偏見的人性兩貌，在種種環(huán)環(huán)相扣的沖突中清晰的突出，作者以她圓潤、敏銳、幽默而細(xì)致的筆觸，十足蕩氣回腸的描繪這一群人的恩怨愛恨。

《傲慢與偏見》雖是一出閃爍著斗智意味的愛情輕喜劇，實則說明了人必須行動和自省才有希望，人的尊嚴(yán)絕不是與生俱來的，而是從行動和自省中淬煉獲得，透過理性的行動，把人類的王國建立得具有一個心靈價值的模式，以與物質(zhì)俗世有別。大體上，人的生存沒有意義，但從小體上看，人本身的行動卻深具意義，即使只是兒女私情的往來。

二、取材賞析

和奧斯汀的其他幾部小說一樣，《傲慢與偏見》的取材事實上是相當(dāng)狹窄的。

正如夏洛蒂?勃朗特曾說：“我可不愿意在她們的那些高雅而狹窄的房子里跟她（奧斯?。┑哪切┘澥渴缗畟兇粼谝黄?。”在我看來，奧斯汀的小說有點(diǎn)像小女子文學(xué)，缺少一種大氣的感覺。但我卻喜歡這種“小女子文學(xué)”。你可以說她目光狹窄，也可以說她缺乏深度，你卻無法抵擋她的魅力。

事實上，取材范圍的狹窄，并沒有限制作者的視野，正如《傲慢與偏見》中達(dá)西和伊麗莎白的一段對話。達(dá)西說：“在鄉(xiāng)下，你四周的環(huán)境非常閉塞，很少變化?！倍聋惿讌s回答到：“可是人本身變化那么多，你永遠(yuǎn)可以在他們身上看出新的東西?！边@也許正代表了作者自己的看法吧。奧斯汀自己說“鄉(xiāng)間村莊里的三、四戶人家”是她“得心應(yīng)手的好材料”，還把自己的藝術(shù)比作在“二寸象牙”上“細(xì)細(xì)地描畫”。在我看來這正是作者的長處，也是其小說獨(dú)到的地方。精工細(xì)致，一絲不茍，娓娓道來，細(xì)水長流，這就是我所喜歡的“小女子文學(xué)”的特點(diǎn)。無怪乎有人建議奧斯汀換一種寫作方式的時候，奧斯汀拒絕道：“我必須保持自己的風(fēng)格，按自己的方式寫下去?！焙鋈宦?lián)想到臺灣作家三毛的文章，其最受歡迎的幾本散文集如《撒哈拉的故事》《稻草人手記》等，無非也是寫一些生活瑣事，取材也不見得有多廣泛多深刻，卻如此受親睞，大概也源于此吧。反映生活的作品即是美的作品，《傲慢與偏見》帶給我們的是一種英國鄉(xiāng)村濃郁的生活氣息，讓人倍感親切自然。對大多數(shù)人來說，只有平平淡淡從從容容才是真。好的文學(xué)作品總是反應(yīng)永恒的人性，普通人的心態(tài)，在讀者中產(chǎn)生共鳴。評論家們始終把奧斯汀排在勃朗特之前，其地位僅次于莎士比亞，就在于她的平淡、安寧。更何況有道是于平凡之中見偉大，于細(xì)微之處見深情，取材雖小，反映的問題卻不一定小。這一點(diǎn)下面將談及。

盡管題材比較狹窄，故事相當(dāng)平淡，但是她善于在日常平凡事物中塑造鮮明的人物形象，不論是伊麗莎白、達(dá)西那種作者認(rèn)為值得肯定的人物，還是魏克翰、柯林斯這類遭到諷刺挖苦的對象，都寫得真實動人。同時，奧斯丁的語言是經(jīng)過錘煉的，她在對話藝術(shù)上講究幽默、諷刺，常以風(fēng)趣詼諧的語言來烘托人物的性格特征。這種藝術(shù)創(chuàng)新使她的作品具有自己的特色。

三、人物形象塑造

談到《傲慢與偏見》里的任務(wù)形象，就不能不談到它詼諧風(fēng)趣的語言。奧斯丁的語言是經(jīng)過錘煉的，她在對話藝術(shù)上講究幽默、諷刺，這種藝術(shù)創(chuàng)新使她的作品具有自己的特色，而這種富有特色的語言在《傲慢與偏見》中發(fā)揮得尤為淋漓盡致。比如在寫班納特太太時，作者就這樣寫到：“只要碰到不稱心的事，她就自以為神經(jīng)衰弱?！庇衷诎嗉{特太太與其丈夫的對話中寫到：“我的好老爺，你怎么舍得這樣糟蹋自己的親生女兒？你是在故意叫我氣惱，好讓你自己得意吧。你半點(diǎn)也不體諒我的神經(jīng)衰弱。”“你真錯怪了我，我的好太太。我非常尊重你的神經(jīng)。它們是我的老朋友。至少在最近二十年以來，我一直聽到你鄭重其事地提到它們。”多么活靈活現(xiàn)的語言，絕妙的嘲諷與詼諧，立刻使兩個不同的人物形象在讀者腦海中變得立體而清晰。再如另一個片段的描寫：咖苔琳夫人的馬車路過門口，柯林斯牧師全家手忙腳亂出去迎接，伊麗莎白卻說：“就是這么回事嗎？我還以為是豬玀闖進(jìn)了花園呢。”直率的挖苦，戳穿了咖苔琳夫人自己吹起來的唬人架勢，也使伊麗莎白這個蔑視權(quán)貴的形象在人們腦海中留下了更深的印象，越發(fā)覺得她的可愛。

此外，奧斯汀還善于通過最普通的語言讓人物自己暴露自己。例如小說開頭時，班納特太太曾說郎格太太“是個自私自利、假仁假義的女人，我瞧不起她?！?/p>

而到故事的結(jié)尾，當(dāng)其大女兒與彬格萊的婚事已成定局時，她又說“我覺得郎格太太這個人真是太好了?！边@兩段截然相反的話，讓讀者不禁啞然失笑的同時，又多么生動地表現(xiàn)出班納特太太的反復(fù)無常、自我中心。這樣的例子在書中還有很多。一個曾充滿偏見的伊麗莎白、一個曾渾身傲慢的達(dá)西、一對有趣的班納特夫婦、一個可笑的柯林斯、眾多出場人物、再加上喜劇效果和特殊寫作技巧，這就是《傲慢與偏見》，卻不是它的全部。奧斯汀的幽默是需要反復(fù)咀嚼的，并不是一看就能逗得你哈哈大笑的書，你最多只能會心的微笑。

奧斯汀素來擅長于描寫人物，正如《傲慢與偏見》這本書中幾乎每一個人物都給我留下了深刻的印象。《傲慢與偏見》中所涉及的人物雖不多也并不算少，要把所有這些人物描寫得各具風(fēng)格個性，突兀于紙上，是相當(dāng)難能可貴的。打開這本書，這些被刻畫得栩栩如生的立體人物好像可以從書中向我們走來：溫柔美麗、心地善良的吉英，機(jī)智聰明、生氣勃勃、有膽識、有遠(yuǎn)見的伊麗莎白，相貌平平，性好虛榮的瑪麗，幼稚輕浮、嬌縱放肆、賣弄風(fēng)情的吉蒂與麗迪雅，愚蠢粗俗、趨炎附勢的柯林斯，甚至那些不那么重要的人物也描寫得惟妙惟肖。如書中寫伊麗莎白等人到咖苔琳夫人府上作客這個場景：“威廉爵士雖說當(dāng)年也曾進(jìn)宮覲見過皇上，可是看到四周圍這般的富貴氣派，也不禁完全給嚇住了，只得彎腰一躬，一聲不響，坐了下來；再說他的女兒，簡直嚇得喪魂失魄一般，兀自坐在椅子邊上，眼睛也不知往哪里看才好。伊麗莎白倒是完全安然自若，而且從容不迫地細(xì)細(xì)瞧著那三位女主人?！彼坪蹼S手一寫卻那么生動細(xì)致的刻畫，使我們好像也是當(dāng)時的客人，身臨其景地看到他們，甚至他們的內(nèi)心世界?？傊谌粘Ｆ椒彩挛镏兴茉祯r明了人物形象，不論是伊麗莎白、達(dá)西那種值得肯定的人物，還是魏克翰、柯林斯這類遭到諷刺挖苦的對象，都寫得真實動人。同時，語言幽默、諷刺，常以風(fēng)趣詼諧的語言來烘托人物的性格特征。

四、透過主題看實質(zhì)

愛情是小說永恒的主題，《傲慢與偏見》以愛情和婚姻為主要內(nèi)容，自然是吸引讀者的。但描寫愛情的小說不計其數(shù)，要像《傲慢與偏見》這樣在世界文學(xué)中占有一席之地，也并不是一件容易的事。《傲慢與偏見》之所以稱得上世界文學(xué)名著而不流俗于一般愛情小說，自有它的魅力所在。那么到底是什么使它脫穎而出呢？一部好的小說，內(nèi)容、情節(jié)是非常重要的?！栋谅c偏見》的內(nèi)容并不復(fù)雜，情節(jié)卻引人入勝。讀過本書的讀者應(yīng)該對小說開篇的一句話記憶猶新：“凡是有財產(chǎn)的單身漢，必定需要娶位太太，這已經(jīng)成了一條舉世公認(rèn)的真理。”這簡簡單單的一句話卻深深反映出資產(chǎn)階級婚姻的實質(zhì)無非是金錢交易與利益的結(jié)合，可見作者的目光之透徹犀利，也正應(yīng)證了前面所說的細(xì)微之處卻能反映大問題。

小說開篇就這樣牢牢抓住了讀者，接著通過班納特夫婦風(fēng)趣的對話，把讀者帶進(jìn)一個女兒多得發(fā)愁的中產(chǎn)階級家庭中。這個家庭家道已經(jīng)中落，卻還有5個待嫁的女兒，而且不幸班納特先生又沒有兒子，其財產(chǎn)將由表親柯林斯繼承。在資產(chǎn)階級社會，如果女孩沒有豐厚的嫁妝，就是再有才貌，也難找到體面的丈夫，就像書中達(dá)西所說：“她們倘使想嫁給有地位的男人，機(jī)會可就大大減少了?！彼蕴幵诨橐鲆獧?quán)衡雙方階級地位和金錢利害的情況下，這五位姑娘的出嫁前景確實不太美妙。

小說采用古典的現(xiàn)實主義筆法，描寫了四對青年男女的結(jié)合，通過班納特五個女兒對待終身大事的不同處理，表現(xiàn)出鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中產(chǎn)階級家庭出身的少女對婚姻愛

情問題的不同態(tài)度，也借此表達(dá)了作者本人的婚姻觀，即為財產(chǎn)打算的婚姻是沒有幸福的，結(jié)婚不考慮財產(chǎn)是愚蠢的，講究門第的包辦婚姻不堪忍受，把婚姻當(dāng)兒戲毫不足取，理想的婚姻要以感情為基礎(chǔ)。書中的女主人公伊麗莎白與達(dá)西不顧門第和財富的差距，真心相愛，美滿結(jié)合，是作者所頌揚(yáng)的幸?；橐?。從伊麗莎白的身上，我們可以看到女性對人格獨(dú)立和平等權(quán)利的追求；作者雖然沒有反映出她那個時代的階級矛盾和階級斗爭，然而她的強(qiáng)烈的階級意識卻表現(xiàn)了出來，對經(jīng)濟(jì)、財產(chǎn)決定婚姻關(guān)系乃至生活命運(yùn)的揭露也可謂入木三分。西方有位馬克思主義批評家大衛(wèi)?戴克斯曾半開玩笑的說，在“揭露人類行為的經(jīng)濟(jì)原因”方面，奧斯汀“從某種意義上可以說在馬克思以前就是馬克思主義者了?！?/p>

五、總結(jié)

《傲慢與偏見》創(chuàng)作于十九世紀(jì)上半葉，距離今天已經(jīng)將近二百年?？梢哉f，二百年的變遷中女性的社會地位已經(jīng)得到了很大的提高。如今的女性不再是依附于男性而生存的悲慘角色。女性不僅可以擁有繼承父母財產(chǎn)的權(quán)利還擁有取得社會職位甚至作為國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的權(quán)利。奧斯汀生活的年代“英國社會正從一個資本主義前期進(jìn)入資本主工業(yè)化的過渡時期，在一個資產(chǎn)階級新興力量還遠(yuǎn)未發(fā)達(dá)起來而仍然在封建舊勢力嚴(yán)控之下的英國農(nóng)村地區(qū)，我們可以想見，婦女的地位是多么的低下。男性作為主體對作為客體的女性具有絕對的統(tǒng)治權(quán)，男女根本不平等?！钡菉W斯汀在那時已經(jīng)具備了很多女性的進(jìn)步意識，擁有了自我意識和抗?fàn)幘瘢梢哉f已經(jīng)是非常先進(jìn)了。而伊麗莎白身上依然有著現(xiàn)代女性可以學(xué)習(xí)的諸多優(yōu)良品質(zhì)，她的聰慧更是女性立足所必須的品質(zhì)。如果我們假設(shè)伊麗莎白是現(xiàn)代女性，我相信她可以成為非常優(yōu)秀的職場女性，而不僅僅只是一個家庭主婦。時代的悲哀正在于此。

盡管這本著作誕生的年代早已離我們遠(yuǎn)去，但在作者珍?奧斯汀的筆下，我們可以感覺到有種身在其境的感覺，同時有種非要一次把整本書看完的欲望。有人認(rèn)為，文學(xué)作品嚴(yán)格來說是不能翻譯的，因為這些文字組成的完美，一旦經(jīng)過他人的更改，所有原創(chuàng)性的精華必定只剩輪廓，其實各國文化天生差異的可愛之處亦正式在此，因為要人人精通各國文字幾乎是不可能的事，“翻譯”于是成了文化中的文化，它使得文學(xué)本身除了土壤性，更具備了共通性，甚至突破時空的隔閡，拉近歷史與地理的先天距離，而人與人之間的關(guān)系更加親密，而《傲慢與偏見》正是透過翻譯才能讓我們得以閱讀這樣的一本的好書。

參考文獻(xiàn)：《傲慢與偏見》——簡·奧斯汀《傲慢與偏見》——從文學(xué)作品到影視作品《傲慢與偏見》的人物形象分析 《傲慢與偏見》評論

第二篇：英美文學(xué)

Analysis of Robinson Crusoe

2009級師范三班劉靜 Robinson Crusoe is written by Defoe(1660 ~ 1731), known as the father of English novel and the periodical literature.He is the father of the English novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the Anglican Protestant.His father is a businessman, doing business.His article influenced the later development of journal articles and newspaper.Because the speech, he was repeatedly arrested.At the age of 59 Defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable ability.Robinson Crusoe Robinson is Defoe's first novel, is also one of the most famous novels.It is based on a British seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and creation.Robinson is the heroine of Defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable difficulties.He start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new world.He was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class hero.In this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working spirit.The novel opens English realistic novel road.In this novel, there are so many about the Wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to understand.In front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce Robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents' guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most incisive.Two is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young life.Robinson Crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern enlightenment.The most qualities I learn from Robinson Crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental capacity.One can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to do.The deserted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and earth.The first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, individualized, and humane portrayal in the English novel, Friday has a huge literary and cultural importance.Recent rewritings of the Crusoe story, like J.M.Coetzee’s Foe and Michel Tournier’s Friday, emphasize the sad consequences of Crusoe’s

failure to understand Friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the native’s perspective.Besides his importance to our culture, Friday is a key figure within the context of the novel.Friday’s sincere questions to Crusoe about the devil, which Crusoe answers only

indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether Crusoe’s knowledge of Christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to Friday’s full

understanding of his own god Benamuckee.In short, Friday’s exuberance and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of Crusoe’s personality.Despite Friday’s subjugation, however, Crusoe appreciates Friday much more than he would a mere servant.Crusoe does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves Friday, which is a

remarkable disclosure.Crusoe may bring Friday Christianity and clothing, but Friday brings Crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that Crusoe’s own European heart lacks.This novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is way.Use our hands, then see a new world.What is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about others.Be brave, and

never lose hope.

第三篇：英美文學(xué)

術(shù)語解釋：

Couplets: a rhymed pair of Iambic pentameter lines.Blank verse: unrhymed Iambic pentameter lines.Sonnet: 14 Iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme schemes.2.The conquest: In the year the Normans headed by which is mainly about 4.The Canterbury Tales, in Chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that of Boccaccio’s Decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were written.5.William Shakespeare, one of the first founders of realism.6.In the first period of his work Shakespeare wrote:

1590The Second and Third part of King Henry VI

1591The First part of King Henry VI

1592The Life and Death of King Richard III;The Comedy of Errors

1593Titus Andronicus;The Taming of the Shrew

1594The Two Gentlemen of Verona;Love’s Labour’s Lost;Romeo and Juliet

1595The Life and Death of Richard II;A Midsummer Night’s Dream

***8Much Ado About Nothing;The Merry Wives of Windsor;The Life of King Henry V

1599The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;As You Like It

1600Twelfth Night, or, What You Will

In the second period:

1601 1602 Troilus and Cressida;All’s Well That Ends Well

160416051606Antony and Cleopatra

1607The Tragedy of Coriolanus;Timon of Athens

1608Pericles, Prince of Tyre

In the third period:

1609Cymbeline, King of Britain

1610The Winter’s Tale

1612The Tempest;The Life of King Henry VIII

7.Hamlet.To be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a listener.To die, to sleep, no more.8.Francis Bacon is scientist, philosopher, essayist.John Donne, a metaphysical poets(玄學(xué)派詩人)

John Milton, his Paradise Lost, which tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven1

out of Eden.John Bunyan, The plain man’s pathway to heaven.成功刻畫人物。

Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, the first English novel, 是一部現(xiàn)實主義小說，作品的主題是通過對主人公魯濱孫的成功刻畫，歌頌資本主義上升時期那種不畏艱難和困苦，充滿野心和冒險精神，富有百折不撓，頑強(qiáng)毅力和斗志，依靠自己的雙手改變一切、創(chuàng)造一切的自我奮斗和創(chuàng)業(yè)精神。Is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero Robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, what’s more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of capitalism.John Swift, his Gulliver’s Travels, 抨擊當(dāng)時英國的議會政治和反動的宗教勢力，通過描寫格列佛四次遇險，寫出了作者看透了當(dāng)代的腐敗，以諷刺的方法，抨擊了當(dāng)時腐敗的社會。Attack the Britain

parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe Gulliver’s four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that time.Henry Fielding is the father of English novel.John Smith is the first American writer.Thomas Jefferson is the writer of The Declaration of Independence.The literature of romanticism period is from American War of Independence to before the Civil War.combining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on

surrealism.His depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express

Transcendentalism是美國浪漫主義最高潮時期的體驗，認(rèn)為世間萬物都是平等的。

Henry David Thoreau is the beginner of transcendentalism.Herman Melville, American novelist, proser and poet.Moby Dick, in which shows the struggle between

mankind and nature and draw people’s attention on how to get along with nature properly.He wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.詩歌鑒賞

Sonnet 18

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?我能否將你比作夏天？

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美麗溫婉。

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,狂風(fēng)將五月的蓓蕾凋殘，And summer's lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暫。

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休戀那麗日當(dāng)空，And often is his gold complexion dimm'd,轉(zhuǎn)眼會云霧迷蒙。

And every fair from fair sometime declines,休嘆那百花飄零，By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:催折于無常的天命。

But thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永恒的夏日常新

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,你的美貌亦毫發(fā)無損。

Nor shall Death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,死神也無緣將你幽禁，When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.你在我永恒的詩中長存。

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世間尚有人吟誦我的詩篇，So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.這詩就將不朽，永葆你的芳顏。

全詩的基本格律是五音步抑揚(yáng)格（iambic pentameter），包括三個四行組（quatrain）和一個對偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韻式，即abab cdcd efef gg。

二、比喻和描述有時平淡或離奇，破壞意美

Sonnet 29

When, in disgrace with fortune and man's eyes當(dāng)我受盡命運(yùn)和人們的白眼，I all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飄零，And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干擾聾瞶的昊天,And look upon my self and curse my fate顧盼著身影，詛咒自己的生辰，Wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一個一樣富于希望，F(xiàn)eatured like him,like him with friends possess'd面貌相似，又和他一樣廣交游，Desiring this man's art and that man's scope希求這人的淵博，那人的內(nèi)行，With what I most enjoy contented least最賞心的樂事覺得最不對頭；

Yet in these thought myself almost despising可是，當(dāng)我正要這樣看輕自己，Haply I think on thee,and then my state忽然想起了你，于是我的精神，Like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破曉從陰霾的大地

From sullen earth sings hymns at heaven's gate振翮上升，高唱著圣歌在天門：

For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings一想起你的愛使我那么富有，That then I scorn to change my state with kings和帝王換位我也不屑于屈就。

賞析：對社會、對自己的命運(yùn)的不滿和無奈。格律是五音步抑揚(yáng)格（iambic pentameter）.韻式，即abab

cdcd efef gg。

To a Waterfowl《 致 水 鳥 》

-----by William Cullen Bryant威廉·卡倫·布賴恩特

Whither, 'midst falling dew,披著滴落的露珠，While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空燦爛，白日的行程就要結(jié)束；

Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿過玫瑰色的遙遠(yuǎn)空際，Thy solitary way?你往何方把孤單的前程追逐？

總結(jié)：As the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, I wonder where you(waterfowl)are

going?

Vainly the fowler's eye看你遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)飛翔而無計可施，Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鳥人的眼光徒勞眷顧；

As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,滿天紅霞把你映襯，Thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飄飄飛舞。

總結(jié)：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and safe.Without success, a hunter(fowler)might try to

bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening sky.Seek'st thou the plashy brink你是在尋找開闊的大河之濱，Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,還是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？

Or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水沖刷的海灘，On the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔騰起伏？

? 總結(jié)：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? Are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean?

There is a Power whose care有上蒼把你關(guān)照，Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,--在無路的海岸為你指路，The desert and illimitable air,--在荒漠和無邊的空際，Lone wandering, but not lost.你孤單的飄蕩不致迷途。

? 總結(jié)：There is a Power that leads you on your way across deserts and through unlimited expanses of air.You may be wandering and alone, but you are not lost.All day thy wings have fann'd你成天翕動翅膀，At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:任空氣稀薄暴風(fēng)寒冷，飛在高處，Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,疲乏中你不肯降落舒適的大地，Though the dark night is near.即使黑夜即將緊閉它的帷幕。

總結(jié)：you have been flying the whole day, but do not stop and have a rest though dark is coming.You have been flapping your wings all day high in the sky, yet you continue on even though night is near and land beckons beneath you.And soon that toil shall end,你很快就會結(jié)束這樣的勞苦，Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,你即將找到你夏天的住處；

And scream among thy fellows;reeds shall bend休息中呼喚自己的伙伴，Soon o'er thy sheltered nest.蘆葦也會躬身把你的窩巢遮護(hù)。

? 總結(jié)：you have a strong desire to be with your family;or, to achieve your goal.Soon your journey will

end.Soon you will descend to your summer home.There, you will scream among others of your kind and find secure shelter among the tall grasses.Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven你的身軀全被吞沒，Hath swallowed up thy form;yet, on my heart天堂深淵里，你蹤影全無；

Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,然而你的啟迪深深留在我的心底，And shall not soon depart.我將久久地久久地把它記住。

? 總結(jié):I can no longer see you, but I will never forget the lesson you taught me.He, who, from zone to zone,誰，從一個地方到另一個地方，Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,指引你穿越無限的天空作必然的飛翔，In the long way that I must tread alone,也會在我必須獨(dú)自跋涉的長途上，Will lead my steps aright.正確地引導(dǎo)我的腳步。

賞析：There are eight 4-line stanzas, in each stanza, their rhyme is abab.

第四篇：英美文學(xué)

《英美文學(xué)》復(fù)習(xí)方法

一、找到《英美文學(xué)》的輔導(dǎo)書，例如《自考一本通》《自考直通車》等類型的漢語版輔導(dǎo)書。

二、先把漢語版輔導(dǎo)書的課文翻譯通讀，理解了全書每個章節(jié)的內(nèi)容和知識點(diǎn)；用漢語記錄重點(diǎn)；

三、第一輪復(fù)習(xí)順序：

1、先看英國文學(xué)，后看美國文學(xué)

2、按照時間順序看，每個時代都有代表性文學(xué)流派和代表作家及代表性作品

3、按照課本的章節(jié)順序，看完漢語譯文后，對照英語譯文，劃出課本上對每個時代代表性流派，代表作家和代表作品的描述和評論。名詞性描述一般是填空題和選擇搭配題；評論部分是簡單題和問答題；*只看代表性的重要信息，非代表性作品和作家生平介紹不用看；記住某個時代某個流派有哪些代表作家，哪些代表性作品及該作品的簡要介紹和評論。

4、按照章節(jié)劃出重點(diǎn)信息，然后整理筆記；

5、全部整理完畢之后，基本上對文學(xué)史和代表文學(xué)作品有了基本了解。

四、第二輪復(fù)習(xí)順序

1、找到歷年真題，做題的時候?qū)φ沾鸢?，尋找該答案在課文原文中的原始線索，并作好整理記錄；

2、整理理解全部真題的答案以后，對課本的重點(diǎn)知識就有了比較清楚的理解；

五、考前突擊復(fù)習(xí)

1、依據(jù)真題筆記和第二輪復(fù)習(xí)的筆記，對不熟悉的部分進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)。

2、根據(jù)以往考題的研究，舊題還會重新考，所以大家要關(guān)注所有做過的真題和各章節(jié)中沒有考過的但屬于代表性知識的部分，這些有可能是將要考的新題。自學(xué)考試已經(jīng)有歷史了，所以過去的真題加起來也就是全書的重點(diǎn)知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)，所以認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)真題并理解消化，整理幫助記憶，這對于考試制勝是最好的辦法。

*警告：千萬不要拋開課本直接做真題；

千萬不要死記硬背，而是要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上反復(fù)讀，抄寫，默記；反復(fù)整理筆記，新的筆記只記錄沒有掌握好的，直到最后的筆記成為提綱式的。

〈高級英語〉復(fù)習(xí)方法說明；

一、對照輔導(dǎo)書，精讀課文，做課后練習(xí)；

二、找來歷年考試真題，認(rèn)真做，查到答案在課本中的相關(guān)地方

三、認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)真題，總結(jié)知識點(diǎn)；錯題本，反復(fù)研究錯題

四、回到課本，從頭到尾認(rèn)真閱讀課文，全面復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn)；

五、整理真題，再次復(fù)習(xí)錯題；

*高級英語上下冊32個單元，復(fù)習(xí)面積很大，所以必須早動手，狠下功夫。

祝愿大家能夠取得優(yōu)秀的成績！

第五篇：英美文學(xué)

SIR THOMAS MALORY

(1405-1471)

The OutlineI.SIR THOMAS MALORY

II.Morte d' Arthur《亞瑟王之死》

III.Questions for Discussion

.SIR THOMAS MALORY(1405-1471)

Life: He was very rich because he inherited a

considerable estate in Warwickshire(a county in west

central England)upon his father's death in 1433 and he

seems to have quickly become drawn into the turmoil of

local politics.In 1445, he became a Member of

Parliament for his county: a rather unstable area during

this time because the usually powerful Earl of Warwick,was only in his mid-teens.A lot of political affairs in Warwickshire led Sir

Thomas into his numerous clashes with the law.From

1444 onwards, he was caught up in raids(襲擊)on the

attacks on the Duke of Buckingham and Combe Abbey

大修道院,大寺院 , as well as a number of thefts in the county

of Essex.Keen to blacken his name, Sir Thomas'

enemies branded(給某人加上污名)him “a rapist, church-

robber, extortioner(勒索者，敲詐者)and would-be

murderer".Unlucky or incompetent,Sir Thomas was certainly in prison almost

continuously throughout the 1450s, though he did

escape several times.His pardon came to him in

October 1462, followed by military service in

Northumbria.From then on he kept his head down,but may have become embroiled(使卷入)in Cook's

Conspiracy(陰謀活動)of 1468, for which he was

imprisoned.There, he turned to writing and earned

eternal fame.Sir Thomas died on 12th March 1471,probably in Newgate Prison(London).He was buried in the nearby Friary Church of St.Francis.II.Morte d' Arthur

《亞瑟王之死》

Malory's tale begins with the mysterious birth of Arthur and ends with his equally mysterious death.The central concern is with the adventures of Arthur and his famous Knights of the Round Table.The knights fight many battles and win glory, all of which is a credit to the name of King Arthur.Near the end of the story, however, the tide of good fortune turns.Launcelot, one of Arthur's knights, falls in love with Arfhur's queen, Guinever, and the lady

returns his love.One by one the other knight become discontented(使不滿), selfish, or

disillusioned(使醒悟;使不再抱幻想;使...的理想破滅).Thus weakened, the kingdom is attacked by force under Sir Mordred, Arthur's treacherous(背叛的;不忠的)nephew, and ultimately it goes down in defeat.Arthur is borne away(被...所驅(qū)使)on a barge(大型平底船)by three mysterious ladies of the Lake.Morte d‘Arthur was written in a time of transition.The feudal order was dying.By the time Malory began writing his story, soldiers were fighting with gunpowder, a middle class of

tradesmen was arising;and the practices of chivalry were being replaced(代替,取代)by a new aristocratic code.Malory, in a desire to escape the disorder and uneasiness of his day,tried to recapture lost ideals of the romantic past as recounted(敘述,講述)in his tale of noble kings, adventurous knights, and damsels(少女;閨女)in distress(悲痛;苦惱;憂傷;貧困,窮苦;危難;不幸;引起痛苦或悲痛的事物).This book is very important in English literature.Its Arthurian materials have a strong influence on literature of later centuries.III.Questions for Discussion

1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?

2.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?

3.Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?

1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?

See the last paragraph on Page 50 to the fifth paragraph on Page 51.of our text book.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?See Page 6 –9 of our PPt..Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?

See the first paragraph on Page 52 of our text book.