第一篇：考研英語(yǔ)作文高分指南

考研英語(yǔ)作文高分指南 英語(yǔ)作文的提高主要在一個(gè)“練”字，因此大家在練習(xí)作文寫(xiě)作時(shí)，除了要堅(jiān)持每天都背，還要堅(jiān)持每天都把自己背下來(lái)的作文內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一遍。包括大作文的萬(wàn)能框架、你自己搜集和總結(jié)的萬(wàn)能句子、小作文的常用開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾句式。為什么要每天都寫(xiě)呢？因?yàn)槲覀兊哪康氖沁_(dá)到“下筆如有神”的境界。專家提醒考生，考試時(shí)的時(shí)間可能會(huì)比較緊張，你可能沒(méi)有很多的時(shí)間去構(gòu)思和打草稿。同時(shí)如果你能快速的完成作文部分，就可以給自己節(jié)省點(diǎn)時(shí)間用來(lái)檢查閱讀方面的答案。還可以通過(guò)反復(fù)的練習(xí)，杜絕拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)生。

積累需要的句式

在考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中，用詞、用句都是反映同學(xué)們英語(yǔ)作文水平的重要標(biāo)志，若詞匯量、精品語(yǔ)句都相對(duì)貧乏，在考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中很容易出現(xiàn)重復(fù)用詞，句式單一，讓作文顯得水平較低沒(méi)有“血肉”，很難找到其中的亮點(diǎn)，自然就失去了拿高分的機(jī)會(huì)。背誦精品語(yǔ)句既然這么重要，到哪里去找這么多的句子呢？專家提醒考生，關(guān)鍵在于日常復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中的不斷積累，每天復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中遇到好的句子，能夠用到常見(jiàn)的英語(yǔ)作文版本當(dāng)中的句子，都可以隨手記下來(lái)，一些當(dāng)下認(rèn)為很難用到寫(xiě)作當(dāng)中，卻又是經(jīng)典語(yǔ)句的句子也可以記下來(lái)，等到積累的量足夠的時(shí)候，自然而然就可以自己隨意更換其中的詞匯，將其變成自己所需要的句式，不過(guò)這都是需要時(shí)間和經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累才能達(dá)到的。

不斷提升語(yǔ)言的駕馭度

除了精品語(yǔ)句之外，還要多多關(guān)注時(shí)事，多背誦一些相關(guān)的例句，很多考試都偏向于接近現(xiàn)實(shí)生活，多記一些和現(xiàn)實(shí)掛鉤的句子就可以在遇上相關(guān)的文章寫(xiě)作時(shí)加以修飾運(yùn)用，為文章增添色彩。專家提醒考生，在整個(gè)考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中，不斷的提升語(yǔ)言的駕馭能力非常重要，這就離不開(kāi)大量的詞匯、語(yǔ)句積累，多讀文章固然很重要，但更重要的是記住所讀過(guò)的各種精品語(yǔ)句，乃至精品文章，反復(fù)誦讀、不斷記憶自然會(huì)增加腦海中的知識(shí)積累程度，到考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作時(shí)自然能夠信手拈來(lái)，毫不費(fèi)力的寫(xiě)出精彩的文章，英語(yǔ)作文和中文作文一樣，要有突出的亮點(diǎn)來(lái)吸引人的眼球，亮點(diǎn)不在多而在精，多加背誦精品語(yǔ)句，對(duì)于英語(yǔ)作文分?jǐn)?shù)的提升有很好的幫助。

第二篇：考研英語(yǔ)作文高分必備

考研英語(yǔ)作文高分必備

1． 開(kāi)頭超強(qiáng)公式一：名人名言

有人問(wèn)了，“我沒(méi)有記住名言，怎么辦？尤其是英語(yǔ)名言？”，很好辦：編！

原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有道理呦！而且沒(méi)準(zhǔn)將來(lái)我們就是名人呢！對(duì)吧？

經(jīng)典句型：

A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（適用于已記住的名言）

It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（適用于自編名言）

更多經(jīng)典句型：

As everyone knows, No one can deny that? 2． 開(kāi)頭超強(qiáng)公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì)

原理：要想更有說(shuō)服力，就應(yīng)該用實(shí)際的數(shù)字來(lái)說(shuō)明。

原則上在議論文當(dāng)中十不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時(shí)候哪管那三七二十一，但編無(wú)妨，只要我有東西寫(xiě)就萬(wàn)事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起來(lái)這個(gè)數(shù)字文鄒鄒的，其實(shí)都是編造出來(lái)的，下面隨便幾個(gè)題目我們都可以這樣編造：

Honesty：根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，大學(xué)生向老師請(qǐng)假的理由當(dāng)中78%都是假的。

Travel by Bike：根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時(shí)候首選的交通工具是自行車。

Youth：根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，在某個(gè)大學(xué)，學(xué)生的課余時(shí)間的70%都是在休閑娛樂(lè)。

Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型：

A recent statistics shows that ? 結(jié)尾超強(qiáng)公式

1． 結(jié)尾超強(qiáng)公式一：如此結(jié)論

說(shuō)完了，畢竟要?dú)w納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長(zhǎng)篇大論，到最后終于冒出個(gè)“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開(kāi)小差，等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說(shuō)結(jié)束語(yǔ)。也就是說(shuō)，開(kāi)頭很好，也必然要有一個(gè)精彩的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：

Obviously（此為過(guò)渡短語(yǔ)）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果讀者很難“顯而見(jiàn)之”，但說(shuō)無(wú)妨，就當(dāng)讀者的眼光太淺罷了！

更多過(guò)渡短語(yǔ)：

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：

Thus, it can be concluded that?, Therefore, we can find that? 2． 結(jié)尾超強(qiáng)公式二：如此建議

如果說(shuō)“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾最沒(méi)用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應(yīng)該是最有價(jià)值的廢話了，因?yàn)檫@里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個(gè)很經(jīng)典的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.這里的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用得很經(jīng)典，因?yàn)榭脊俦緛?lái)經(jīng)常考這個(gè)句型，而如果我們自己寫(xiě)出來(lái)，你說(shuō)考官會(huì)怎么想呢？

更多句型：

Accordingly, I recoMMend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.寫(xiě)作的“七項(xiàng)基本原則”

一、長(zhǎng)短句原則

工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長(zhǎng)句，累死人！寫(xiě)一個(gè)短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：

As a creature, I eat;as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可見(jiàn)，長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，抑揚(yáng)頓挫，豈不爽哉？牢記！

強(qiáng)烈建議：在文章第一段（開(kāi)頭）用一長(zhǎng)一短，且先長(zhǎng)后短；在文章主體部分，要先用一個(gè)短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)的時(shí)候采用先短后長(zhǎng)的句群形式，定會(huì)讓主體部分妙筆生輝！文章結(jié)尾一般用一長(zhǎng)一短就可以了。

二、主題句原則

國(guó)有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否則會(huì)給人造成“群龍無(wú)首”之感！相信各位讀過(guò)一些破爛文學(xué)，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內(nèi)，結(jié)果造成我們稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉勸各位一定要寫(xiě)一個(gè)主題句，放在文章的開(kāi)頭（保險(xiǎn)型）或者結(jié)尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會(huì)平安無(wú)事！

特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險(xiǎn)的！

To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主題句）.Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、一二三原則

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話總是第一部分、第一點(diǎn)、第二點(diǎn)、第三點(diǎn)、第二部分、第一點(diǎn)? 如此羅嗦?？僧吘惯€是條理清楚。考官們看文章也必然要通過(guò)這些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來(lái)判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，條理自然。破解方法很簡(jiǎn)單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)前就清楚了。

1）first, second, third, last（不推薦，原因：俗）

2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推薦，原因：俗）

3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推薦，原因：俗）

4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推薦，原因：俗）

5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（強(qiáng)烈推薦）

6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（強(qiáng)烈推薦）

7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（強(qiáng)烈推薦）

8）most important of all, moreover, finally

9）on the one hand, on the other hand（適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況）

10）for one thing, for another thing（適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況）

建議：不僅僅在寫(xiě)作中注意，平時(shí)說(shuō)話的時(shí)候也應(yīng)該條理清楚！

四、短語(yǔ)優(yōu)先原則

寫(xiě)作時(shí)，尤其是在考試時(shí)，如果使用短語(yǔ)，有兩個(gè)好處：其

一、用短語(yǔ)會(huì)使文章增加亮點(diǎn)，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡(jiǎn)單，看不到一個(gè)自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的短語(yǔ)，必然會(huì)看你低一等。相反，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)—精彩的短語(yǔ)，那么你的文章定會(huì)得高分了。其

二、關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻思維短路，只有湊字?jǐn)?shù)，怎么辦？用短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)辦法！比如：

I cannot bear it.可以用短語(yǔ)表達(dá)：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短語(yǔ)表達(dá)：I am looking forward to it.這樣字?jǐn)?shù)明顯增加，表達(dá)也更準(zhǔn)確。

五、多實(shí)少虛原則

原因很簡(jiǎn)單，寫(xiě)文章還是應(yīng)該寫(xiě)一些實(shí)際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實(shí)詞，少用虛詞。我這里所說(shuō)的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說(shuō)一個(gè)很好的時(shí)候，不應(yīng)該之說(shuō)nice這樣空洞的詞，應(yīng)該使用一些諸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之類的形象詞。再比如：

走出房間，general的詞是：walk out of the room

但是小偷走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō)：slip out of the room

小姐走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō)：sail out of the room

小孩走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō)：dance out of the room

老人走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō)：stagger out of the room

所以多用實(shí)詞，少用虛詞，文章將會(huì)大放異彩！

六、多變句式原則

1）加法（串聯(lián)）

都希望寫(xiě)下很長(zhǎng)的句子，像個(gè)老外似的，可就是怕寫(xiě)錯(cuò)，怎么辦，最保險(xiǎn)的寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)句的方法就是這些，可以在任何句子之間加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后關(guān)系或者并列關(guān)系。比如說(shuō)：

I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我們可以用一個(gè)超級(jí)句式：

Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短語(yǔ)可以用：

besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

2）轉(zhuǎn)折（拐彎抹角）

批評(píng)某人缺點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，我們總習(xí)慣先拐彎抹角說(shuō)說(shuō)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，然后轉(zhuǎn)入正題，再說(shuō)缺點(diǎn)，這種方式雖然陰險(xiǎn)了點(diǎn)，可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢，我們說(shuō)話的時(shí)候，只要在要點(diǎn)之前先來(lái)點(diǎn)廢話，注意二者之間用個(gè)專這次就夠了。

The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短語(yǔ)：

despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding

3）因果（so, so, so）

昨天在街上我看到了一個(gè)女孩，然后我主動(dòng)搭訕，然后我們?nèi)タХ葟d，然后我們認(rèn)識(shí)了，然后我們成為了朋友?可見(jiàn)，講故事的時(shí)候我們總要追求先后順序，先什么，后什么，所以然后這個(gè)詞就變得很常見(jiàn)了。其實(shí)這個(gè)詞表示的是先后或因果關(guān)系！

The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短語(yǔ)：

then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4）失衡句（頭重腳輕，或者頭輕腳重）

有些人腦袋大，身體小，或者有些人腦袋小，身體大，雖然我們不希望長(zhǎng)成這個(gè)樣子，可如果真的是這樣了，也就必然會(huì)吸引別人的注意力。文章中如果出現(xiàn)這樣的句子，就更會(huì)讓考官看到你的句子與眾不同。其實(shí)就是主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句的變形。

舉例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同樣主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可以改成如下的復(fù)雜成分：

When to go, Why he goes away?

5）附加（多此一舉）

如果有了老婆，總會(huì)遇到這樣的情況，當(dāng)你再講某個(gè)人的時(shí)候，她會(huì)插一句說(shuō)，我昨天見(jiàn)過(guò)他；或者說(shuō)，就是某某某，如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話里面，那就是定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句或者是插入語(yǔ)。

The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，同位語(yǔ)--要解釋的東西刪除后不影響整個(gè)句子的構(gòu)成；定語(yǔ)從句—借用之前的關(guān)鍵詞并且用其重新組成一個(gè)句子插入其中，但是whom or that 關(guān)鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。

6）排比（排山倒海句）

文學(xué)作品中最吸引人的地方莫過(guò)于此，如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話，那么我希望你引用一個(gè)個(gè)的排比句，一個(gè)個(gè)得對(duì)偶句，一個(gè)個(gè)的不定式，一個(gè)個(gè)地詞，一個(gè)個(gè)的短語(yǔ)，如此表達(dá)將會(huì)使文章有排山倒海之勢(shì)！

Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.（氣勢(shì)恢宏）

要想寫(xiě)出如此氣勢(shì)恢宏的句子非用排比不可！

七、挑戰(zhàn)極限原則

既然是挑戰(zhàn)極限，必然是比較難的，但是并非不可攀！

原理：在學(xué)生的文章中，很少發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如獨(dú)立主格的句子，其實(shí)也很簡(jiǎn)單，只要花上5分鐘的時(shí)間看看就可以領(lǐng)會(huì)，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主語(yǔ)一致，而獨(dú)立主格則不然。比如：

The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出這樣的句子，不得高分才怪！文章主體段落三大殺手锏

一、舉實(shí)例

思維短路，舉實(shí)例！提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，舉實(shí)例！提出一個(gè)方案，舉實(shí)例！而且者也是我們揭示一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)最好的方式，任何情況下，只要我們無(wú)法繼續(xù)文章，不管三七二十一，盡管舉例子！

In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance.For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型：

To take ? as an example, One example is?, Another example is?, for example

二、做比較

方法：寫(xiě)完一個(gè)要點(diǎn)，比較與之相似的；又寫(xiě)完一個(gè)要點(diǎn)，再比較與之相反的；

世界上沒(méi)有同樣的指紋，沒(méi)有相同的樹(shù)葉，文章亦同，只有通過(guò)比較，你才會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)二者的相同點(diǎn)（through comparison）和不同點(diǎn)（through contrast）。下面是一些短語(yǔ)：

相似的比較：

in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner

相反的比較：

on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with ?, ?

三、換言之

沒(méi)話說(shuō)了，可以換一句話再說(shuō)，讓你的文章在多一些字，或者文鄒鄒地說(shuō)，是讓讀者更充分的理解你的觀點(diǎn)。

實(shí)際就是重復(fù)重復(fù)再重復(fù)！下面的句子實(shí)際上就三個(gè)字 I love you!

I am enthusiastic about you.That is to say, I love you.I am wild about you.In other words, I have fallen in love with you.或者上面我們舉過(guò)的例子：

I cannot bear it.可以用短語(yǔ)表達(dá)：I cannot put up with it.因此可以這樣說(shuō)：I cannot bear it.That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.更多短語(yǔ)：

in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply

領(lǐng)航名師墨東博：考研英語(yǔ)作文模板--國(guó)有企業(yè)

As is vividly depicted in the picture , with a clear cracking sound , two bowls clashed into each other , in which the shinning one keeps its integrity , whereas the shabby one breaks into pieces.Just like being symbolically revealed in the set of drawing, the fact that the intact bowl, as a symbol of soly-invested companies , overwhelms the broken bowl representing the state-owned companies, with collision standing for fierce companies, profoundly indicates that it is time that our state-owned companies entailed reform especially after china’s entry into WTO when facing soly-invested companies abroad.To the popular mind , it is immediately assumed that when reform in state-owned companies is argued,it is car industry that is meant.To account for the above-mentioned phenomenon , several points should be figured out.For one thing, some of car industries once enjoyed the glorious past , They have ,however, gradually lost their market shares when soly ?invested companies were sweeping into domestic market.For another , in order to turn the corner ,the leaders of them should adopt the policy of reform such as acquisition, re-engineering and introduction of advanced technology and concepts of management.No better illustration of this idea can be thought than the example mentioned below, No 1 Motor Vehicle Plant has witnessed from predicament to rejuvenation through none other than effective steps mentioned above.Therefore ,no issue is as critical to individual and national survival and prosperity as reform in state-owned companies.Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive some positive meanings from this thought-provoking picture.It is ,hence, necessary that efforts be made to follow the spirit of reform concerning state-owned companies.On one hand, the government should make law to perfect irrational rules and regulations being visible in reform process.On the other hand, the leaders of state-owned companies should enhance the awareness of reform.Only by undergoing these steps ,can our more state-owned companies become members of Top 500 in the world, which, indeed, has gone to the heart of maintaining good momentum of national economy growth.一、要求：考生根據(jù)所給情景寫(xiě)出一篇約100詞（標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不計(jì)算在內(nèi)）的應(yīng)用性短文，包括私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、摘要、報(bào)告等?？忌诖痤}卡2上作答。滿分10分。

注意事項(xiàng)：

1）格式：稱呼，結(jié)尾，署名

2）簡(jiǎn)明扼要，清楚明確。

3）遵照要求，內(nèi)容齊全。

4）言語(yǔ)得體，真心誠(chéng)意。

二、備忘錄

備忘錄是一種錄以備忘的公文。在公文函件中，它的等級(jí)是比較低的，主要用來(lái)提醒、督促對(duì)方，或就某個(gè)問(wèn)題提出自己的意見(jiàn)或看法。在業(yè)務(wù)上，它一般用來(lái)補(bǔ)充正式文件的不足。它的內(nèi)容可以分為以下幾項(xiàng)：

書(shū)端（Heading）

收文人的姓名、頭銜、地址（Addressee's Name, Title, Address）

稱呼(Salutation)

事因(Subject)

正文（Body）

結(jié)束語(yǔ)（Complimentary Close）

署名（Signature）

寫(xiě)作注意事項(xiàng)

1、書(shū)端部分包括發(fā)文機(jī)關(guān)的名稱、地址、發(fā)文日期，有的還包括電報(bào)掛號(hào)、電傳號(hào)、電話號(hào)碼等。許多機(jī)關(guān)有自己特制的信箋，在寫(xiě)書(shū)端時(shí)，其格式和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用與一般信件的相同。

2、稱呼從左邊頂格寫(xiě)起，對(duì)一般機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體的負(fù)責(zé)人一般用 Dear Sir，對(duì)政府官員可用Sir。

3、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)和署名等項(xiàng)與一般信件的格式相同。“事因”一項(xiàng)目前采用得較少。

范文

Directions: Write a memorandum of about 100 words to the student service department and ask them to fix a telephone for each dormitory.MEMO

August 16, 2005

To: The leader of student service department

From: Li Ming

Subject: Telephone

Dear Sir，I would like to remind you that we are in want of a telephone for each dormitory.As a university student, we need to cope with the daily increasing communications with teachers, friends and people outside the campus.We need a telephone to get and send message, which is important for us.Though most of us have mobile phones and e-mail address, a telephone in the dormitory is after all the most convenient and cheapest tool of communication.I hope that you will pay attention to this problem and solve it as soon as possible.Regards.Yours,Li Ming

三、摘要

文章摘要是對(duì)所寫(xiě)文章主要內(nèi)容的精煉概括。美國(guó)人稱摘要為“Abstract”，而英國(guó)人則喜歡稱其為“Summary”。

通常國(guó)際刊物要求所要刊登的文章字?jǐn)?shù)，包括摘要部分不超過(guò)1萬(wàn)字。而對(duì)文章摘要部分的字?jǐn)?shù)要求則更少。因此寫(xiě)摘要時(shí)，應(yīng)用最為簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)論文之精華。論文摘要的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放在所研究的成果和結(jié)論上。

國(guó)際會(huì)議要求的論文摘要的字?jǐn)?shù)不等，一般為200字-500字。而國(guó)際刊物要求所刊登的論文摘要的字?jǐn)?shù)通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，內(nèi)容上涵蓋全文，并直接點(diǎn)明全旨。語(yǔ)言上要求盡量簡(jiǎn)煉。摘要通常多采用第三人稱撰寫(xiě)。

科學(xué)書(shū)籍、論文和學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告一般都附有內(nèi)容摘要，這樣可以節(jié)省讀者的時(shí)間，使他們不必讀完整個(gè)文章就能夠了解它的主要內(nèi)容。書(shū)籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；論文和學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。摘要應(yīng)做到簡(jiǎn)明扼要，切題，能獨(dú)立成文，使讀者能準(zhǔn)確地了解書(shū)籍的要義。寫(xiě)摘要時(shí)，最好用第三人稱的完整的陳述句，文長(zhǎng)一般不超過(guò)200個(gè)詞。

英文摘要分類

摘要分陳述性的（Descriptive）和資料性的（Informational）兩類。陳述性摘要只陳述書(shū)籍或文章的主題，不介紹內(nèi)容。資料性的摘要除了介紹主題外，還應(yīng)介紹文章的要點(diǎn)和各個(gè)要點(diǎn)的主要內(nèi)容。它可以包括三個(gè)組成部分：

①點(diǎn)明主題，解析文章或書(shū)籍的目的或意圖；

②介紹主要內(nèi)容，使讀者迅速了解文章或書(shū)籍的概貌；

③提出結(jié)論或建議，以供讀者參考。

英文摘要常見(jiàn)句型

1）This paper deals with...2）This article focuses on the topics of(that, having, etc)...3）This eassy presents knowledge that...4）This thesis discusses...5）This thesis analyzes...6）This paper provides an overview of...7)This paper elaborates on...8）This article gives an overview of...9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings.10）This paper includes discussions concerning...11)This paper presents up to date information on...12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes...16)This eassy represents the preceedings of...17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper considers...19)This paper provides a method of...20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...摘要題型寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)：

① 動(dòng)筆之前，考生一定要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地閱讀所給原文，弄懂原文大意，掌握原文要點(diǎn)。

② 摘要的長(zhǎng)度一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一，考試時(shí)應(yīng)遵守規(guī)定的字?jǐn)?shù)限制。

③ 在做摘要時(shí)考生切忌照搬原文。

④ 摘要應(yīng)與原文的觀點(diǎn)保持一致，并且仍按原文的邏輯順序排列。

⑤ 重點(diǎn)反映主要觀點(diǎn)，刪除細(xì)節(jié)。

⑥ 簡(jiǎn)化從句，用簡(jiǎn)短的語(yǔ)句代替冗長(zhǎng)的語(yǔ)句。

⑦ 檢查與修改時(shí)，考生應(yīng)重點(diǎn)檢查是否遺漏了原文的要點(diǎn)或包含了細(xì)節(jié)。

摘要題型寫(xiě)作實(shí)例

① 試題題目

Directions: Study the following essay carefully and write a summary in about 80 words.We continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled and evasive attitudes about death, despite the great distance we have come in understanding some of the profound aspects of biology.We have as much distaste for talking about personal death as for thinking about it;it is an indelicacy, like talking in mixed company about venereal disease or abortion in the old days.Death on a grand scale does not bother us in the same special way: we can sit around a dinner table and discuss war, involving 60 billion volatilized human deaths, as though we were talking about bad weather;we can watch abrupt bloody death every day, in color, on films and television, without blinking back a tear.It is when the numbers of dead are very small, and very close, that we begin to think in scurrying circles.At the very center of the problem is the naked cold deadness of one’s own self, the only reality in nature of which we can have absolute certainty, and it is unmentionable, unthinkable.We may be even less willing to face the issue at first hand than our predecessors because of a secret new hope that maybe it will go away.We like to think, hiding the thought, that with all the marvelous ways in which we seem now to lead nature around by the nose, perhaps we can avoid the central problem if we just become, next year, say, a bit smarter.② 原文要點(diǎn)：

1.continue to have the most confused ideas of death like predecessors

2.avoid talking about death

③ 參考摘要：

People dislike talking about death because they just like their predecessors still have the vaguest ideas of the issue.They talk about death only when million upon millions of people are killed in war.When they find only very few people die each time and the death rates are almost equal, they become very anxious, thinking that next time they themselves will meet their doom.Therefore, they fear very much.However, they have a hope that when they control nature, they can avoid death.(84 words)

開(kāi)頭與結(jié)尾用語(yǔ)

開(kāi)頭：Dear Sir, Dear Madam, Dear sir or Madam, Dear President, Dear Sales Manager, Dear Dean, Dear Professor, To whom it may concern, Dear Mr.Smith，結(jié)尾：Yours faithfully, Yours truly, Yours, Yours sincerely, Best regards, Best wishes, lovingly yours, sincerely yours，l 正文第一句

朋友：Hi!How are you?

Hello!I hope everything is fine.Hi!How is everything going?

如不認(rèn)識(shí)：I was a guest at your hotel from June 25 to 28.I am a student at your college, enrolled in the computer course.致謝：Thank you for your invitation to the international medical conference on October 11.Thank you for your letter dated October 11.解釋寫(xiě)信原因：I am writing to advise you for the loss of my credit card.I’d like to inquire about course details.I am writing to complain about/of the poor service at your restaurant.l 結(jié)尾段

發(fā)出請(qǐng)求：I am looking forward to your prompt reply.Please reply to us at your earliest convenience.表達(dá)歉意：once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.Please accept my apologies once again.提出投訴：I expect to hear from you very soon.Please give this matter your immediate attention.常用信件寫(xiě)作介紹

1． 投訴信

開(kāi)頭：自我介紹，交代投訴內(nèi)容，表明本信的目的和要求

正文：說(shuō)明情況，講清利害，分析利弊。告訴對(duì)方你因此受到的傷害或不便，提出解決問(wèn)題的建議，表明希望如何處理。

結(jié)尾：表達(dá)希望問(wèn)題得到迅速恰當(dāng)解決的強(qiáng)烈愿望。希望盡快得到滿意的答復(fù)。

常用句型：

I am writing to you to complain about….I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at…

I beg to call your attention to the fact that…

I wish to refer you to an incident which occurred…, calling for some remedial action.I very much regret to have to inform you that…

I am totally/completely disappointed/upset to find…

I find it awful/quite distressing that…

My experience in…on…(date)shocked me.I can hardly put up with it.There are some problems with the … that I wish to bring to attention.For one thing, there is….For another, …..I can hardly stand/bear/tolerate/put up with it any more.To improve the situation/solve the above problem, it is advisable for you to take the following measures:…

I look forward to a day when we could really enjoy a more efficient service.I hope that the above situation will be improved as soon as possible.If it is not properly settled, I would ask you to give my money back, or I would complain to the Consumer’s Association.I request you to be kind enough to solve the problem as soon as possible.應(yīng)注意：

1）禮貌用詞，不能過(guò)激。

2）提出希望/要求，句型要多樣化。

3）反映問(wèn)題集中，不要聯(lián)想其他。

Ex.1

Last Saturday, you ate at a restaurant and found a fly in one of the dishes you ordered.Write a letter of complaint to the manager of the restaurant and offer your suggestions on this problem.2． 咨詢信、請(qǐng)求信、說(shuō)明信

開(kāi)頭：簡(jiǎn)要告知身份，表明寫(xiě)信原因或請(qǐng)求

正文：詳細(xì)闡明詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求的具體內(nèi)容、希望獲得的信息。說(shuō)明信應(yīng)寫(xiě)明原因、實(shí)情及希望對(duì)方做些什么。強(qiáng)調(diào)所需信息/幫助的重要性。（按要求）

結(jié)尾：表達(dá)謝意，希望得到對(duì)方回復(fù)、幫助或合作。

常用句型：

I would like to inquire about some information concerning/regarding….I am writing in the hope that you can…

I am writing because I would like to…

Needless to say, your approval of my request will be beneficial not only to myself but to the company.Could you tell me what I have to do to…

It is sincerely requested that you…

My first question is that …

Should I need to send further materials, please let me know.If additional information is required, please advise me at your early convenience.Should I send you copies of my qualification in advance?

I would be much obliged to you if you could let me know the procedures I have to go through.Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.Please render me some valuable advice which is conducive to my final decision.I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.應(yīng)注意：

1）請(qǐng)求內(nèi)容/信息一定要詳盡，具體。

2）語(yǔ)氣要客氣，委婉。

3）語(yǔ)言直接，具體，簡(jiǎn)明。

Ex2.For some reason, you need to borrow a book from a classmate.Write a letter to him or her to

1)describe the book you want to borrow，2)specify by when the book will be returned, and

3)express your gratitude.3． 道歉信。

開(kāi)頭：簡(jiǎn)單交代對(duì)何事進(jìn)行道歉。

正文：解釋事情發(fā)生的原因，消除誤會(huì)或矛盾。

結(jié)尾：再次表示遺憾何歉意，表明愿意補(bǔ)救的愿望，提出建議或安排。

常用句型：

I must apologize to you for…

I am very sorry that..I regret to inform you that I will not be able to…

I am afraid what I have done has caused many inconveniences to you.I sincerely hope you understand that I offended you quite unintentionally.I believe you can understand that I have not intended to hurt you.I owe you an apology.It is my fault.I am to blame for this unpleasant thing.Please pardon/excuse/forgive me.I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies.I will try my utmost not to make such a stupid mistake again.I trust the settlement of the matter will meet your wishes.I hope you will kindly forgive my lapse of attention.I am so sorry to have put you to/into so much trouble.應(yīng)注意：

1）事情原委要解釋清楚。

2）說(shuō)明情況與理由，實(shí)事求是，簡(jiǎn)明扼要。

3）態(tài)度誠(chéng)懇。

4）用詞委婉，語(yǔ)氣溫和，得體。

Ex.You have invited a friend over to have dinner with you one night, but just before the dinner you received an urgent phone call from your office and you had to leave immediately.Write a letter of apology to your friend.4． 感謝信

開(kāi)頭：表達(dá)謝意，提及受到的幫助。

正文：回憶該幫助，高度評(píng)價(jià)/贊揚(yáng)對(duì)方，表達(dá)當(dāng)時(shí)的心情感受。

結(jié)尾：再次表達(dá)謝意，提出回報(bào)希望。

常用句型：

I am grateful/thankful to you for…

I am much obliged to you for your help.I shall always appreciate the assistance you have given me.I am writing to express my thanks to you for the many kindnesses you showed me when I was in hospital.It was most thoughtful and generous of you to send me such a beautiful and fancy gift.Thoughtful considerate considerable

It’s very kind of you to help us.I hope you can know how much I appreciate your hospitality and your many kindnesses to me.Hostility

But for your help, I would not..If it had not been for your timely assistance, I am afraid that..Thanks from the bottom of my heart for…

With thanks from every one of us and best wishes to you.Again, I would like to express our warm thanks to you.I shall be pleased to reciprocate your favor when the opportunity arises.應(yīng)注意：

1）開(kāi)頭要直截了當(dāng)。

2）表明誠(chéng)意，避免空洞。

3）態(tài)度熱情

Ex.You got sick just a week before the final examinations and were sent to a hospital.One nurse treated you very well and you recovered soon.Write a letter of appreciation to the nurse(Miss Smith).Dear Miss Smith，I was just at your hospital when I got sick before the final examinations.First, I thanks for you could treat me very well and let me recovered soon.If it had not been for your timely assistance, I’m afraid that I couldn’t pass the exam.Thank you for the bottom of my heart for your help and service.Dear Miss Smith，I hope you can know how much I appreciate your kindnesses you showed me when I was in hospital.I got sick just a week before the final examination.I was so worried that I couldn’t take part in the examination.It was just you that encouraged me to face the illness bravely.So I recovered soon, and I got good results in my final examination.If it had not been for your timely assistance, I am afraid I can’t have recovered so soon and achieved such good results.Again, I would like to express my thanks to you.Sincerely yours，Dear Miss Smith，I am writing to express my thanks to you for the many kindnesses you showed me when I was in hospital.If it had not been for your timely assistance, I am afraid that I would be still in hospital now.I got sick just a week before the exam.You treated me well and I recovered soon.Now I pass the exam.But for your kindness help, I would not have passed the exam.Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you.I shall be pleased to reciprocate your favor when the opportunity arises.Yours sincerely，Dear Miss Smith，I was a patient of yours one week ago, and I write the letter to you to show my appreciation for your help.It was near the final exam then, and without your hospitable and generous help, I couldn’t have recovered so soon, let alone to get a high mark on the exam.I shall always appreciate the help you’d offered me and I shall be pleased to reciprocate your favor when opportunity arises.Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you.Best wishes，Sincerely yours，邀請(qǐng)信

開(kāi)頭：開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，說(shuō)明目的。

正文：邀請(qǐng)內(nèi)容（活動(dòng)性質(zhì)，地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間，日期），有關(guān)要求與希望。

結(jié)尾：重申對(duì)方參加的重要性，希望盡快回復(fù)。

常用句型：

I should be much pleased if you would come to our party on Friday the 15th at 6.I am pleased to invite you to participate in …to be held from…to….in..I feel it a great honor if you could..It is my pleasure/a great honor for me to invite you to…

We would be greatly honored if you could come…

I am writing to invite you to…

I am particularly anxious to have you join us.It’s a long time since I have had the pleasure of seeing you and I do hope you can come.We hope that you can come and look forward to seeing you.I will cover all the expenses involved.應(yīng)注意：

1）用詞清晰，簡(jiǎn)明。

2）邀請(qǐng)內(nèi)容清楚。

5． 求職信

開(kāi)頭：說(shuō)明信息來(lái)源，表明寫(xiě)信目的 正文：提供個(gè)人資料，詢問(wèn)相關(guān)問(wèn)題。

結(jié)尾：表達(dá)愿望，提供聯(lián)系方式，表示感謝。

常用句型：

I have read your advertisement in…for a(position/post), and should be grateful if you could consider me favorably as an applicant for the position.I wish to apply for the post mentioned in your advertisement in yesterday’s newspaper.I wish to apply for a position with your company.I myself like the job very much and I think my personality is well suited to working as a ….Honest, trust-worthy, reliable, enthusiastic, diligent, bright, smart, careful, patient, responsible, efficient, productive, versatile, open-minded, optimistic，I am confident that my experience and ability will show you that I can fulfill the particular requirement of your position.Born in…in.., I graduated from….University majoring in …..I have been working in…since my graduation, and I have therefore attained a fair knowledge and experience in this field.Upon graduation, I first worked as … The following job was ….And currently I am working for…

I intend to give up my present post in order to get a more challenging opportunity.With the kind of experience I have accumulated, I would expect a salary of not less than 4,000.I shall be very much obliged if you will offer me an opportunity for an interview.I am looking forward with great interest to hearing from you soon regarding my application.應(yīng)注意：

1）適當(dāng)展示自己（經(jīng)歷，才能）

2）不要言他

3）語(yǔ)言明確清楚，流露自信。

6． 推薦信

開(kāi)頭：開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，表明關(guān)系。

正文：稱贊被推薦人（舉例說(shuō)明），客觀介紹其相關(guān)能力，突出表現(xiàn)、性格與人品

結(jié)尾：作出保證，提出希望，表示感謝。

常用句型：

I am very glad to recommend you a former student of mine, Mr./Miss… to be a candidate for…

I am writing to recommend…

I have great pleasure to provide a letter for recommendation for Mr./Miss…

With reference to your advertised position, I have the pleasure to say that he is the just person you are looking for.He has proved to be industrious, responsible and skillful in carrying out his assignment.Besides being thoroughly honest and reliable he showed an unusual quickness and ability in…

I hope the above information will help you to know…

If you need any further information about his qualification, please do not hesitate to contact me.If further information about him/her is required, please do not hesitate to let me know/contact me

In view of his/her previous achievements in…, I am firmly convinced that Mr./Miss.., will make a successful graduate student/staff member.I would be most grateful if you would consider my recommendation and kindly offer him a…

應(yīng)注意：

1）開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，簡(jiǎn)明扼要。

2）舉例說(shuō)明，客觀敘述。

7． 表?yè)P(yáng)信

開(kāi)頭：身份簡(jiǎn)介，提及感謝的人，事。

正文：敘述經(jīng)過(guò)，詳細(xì)介紹值得表?yè)P(yáng)之處，表達(dá)感受

結(jié)尾：提出祝愿與希望

常用句型：

I am writing to tell you how highly I think of…

I am writing because I appreciate very much what Mr./Miss…from your company has done.I am greatly impressed by….What he has done shows that…

He deserves praise for what he has done.I am greatly inspired by…

It is your good service as well as excellent food that help you set up a world reputation.For this reason, I am writing to express my heartfelt thanks and hope that your company will have a brighter future.應(yīng)注意：

1）敘述經(jīng)過(guò)，明確具體。

2）上升到一個(gè)高度。

3）語(yǔ)言誠(chéng)懇。

8． 祝賀信

開(kāi)頭：開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，說(shuō)明消息來(lái)源

正文：回憶過(guò)去，表明感受，展望未來(lái)，提出建議。

結(jié)尾：表達(dá)祝愿

常用句型：

What exciting/thrilling news!

It’s good/sensational news.I was delighted/thrilled to hear/to receive the news that ….It’s the most joyful news I have heard for a long time.I congratulate you on/upon your success.Congratulations and all good/best wishes.Please accept my heartiest congratulations on…

Permit me to congratulate you…

We want you to know how happy we were when…

It gave me a great deal of pleasure to learn…

Wish you all the happiness in the world.I hope you will have nothing but joy and happiness in your life/career.All the luck in the world to you!

Best of luck to you!

范文：

Ex.1

Last Saturday, you ate at a restaurant and found a fly in one of the dishes you ordered.Write a letter of complaint to the manager of the restaurant and offer your suggestions on this problem

Dear manager，I was a guest/customer at your restaurant last Saturday.I wish to refer you to the incident that happened that day, calling for your immediate attention to the matter.It shocked me when I found a fly in a dish in the middle of our meal.I could hardly bear it.I felt sick.If it happens again, I am convinced that no one will come to eat here any more.It is advisable for you to tidy up/ clean up your kitchen as soon as possible.Please give me your immediate attention to this matter.Sincerely yours，***

Ex2.For some reason, you need to borrow a book from a classmate.Write a letter to him or her to

1）describe the book you want to borrow，2）specify by when the book will be returned, and

3）express your gratitude.Dear Jones，I am writing to ask for your help in lending me a book.Recently I’ve been busy preparing my graduate thesis, and therefore have been reading and researching numerous books and references.One of the books that my advisor believes to be particularly relevant to my thesis is called The Legal System in Society.Unfortunately I have been unable to find it at the library or in any bookstores.Do you happen to have this book? If so, may I borrow it? I promise to take good care of it and will return it to you within three days.Thank you very much.I hope to hear from you soon.Sincerely yours，Li Ming

練習(xí)題：

Ex.1

You live in a room in college which you share with another student.You find it very difficult to study there because he or she always has friends visiting.They have parties in the room and sometimes borrow your things without asking you.Write a letter to the Accommodation officer at the college and ask for a new room next term.You should prefer a single room.Explain your reasons.Ex.2

Your classmate and close friend, Jack, has just passed the graduate entrance examination and is going to study at a famous university in another city.Write a letter of congratulation to him.Ex.3

You stayed with a local family when you attended a training program in UK.You returned to your home country in a hurry and found that you had left your laptop in the family.Write a letter to the family, thanking them for their hospitality.Describe the computer and where it is and ask the host to send it back to you.Ex.4

You are a college student who applies for a part-time job in a shop during the summer vacation.Write a letter to the shop owner explaining why you are a suitable person for the job.Remember to ask him or her about the rate of payment.Ex.5

You are a college student who applies to a university for an MA degree program of the major “Life Science”.Introduce yourself and state out the reasons.Ask them to send the necessary information concerning the course.1.審題要認(rèn)真

短文的標(biāo)題是對(duì)全文的高度概括。通過(guò)認(rèn)真審題來(lái)確定標(biāo)題的核心詞或者說(shuō)關(guān)鍵詞,依此來(lái)整理思路。因此,考生看到試題后絕對(duì)不能提筆就寫(xiě),而是應(yīng)該認(rèn)真審題,看清題目的要求和提示,充分利用題目所提供的信息、關(guān)鍵詞所圈定的范圍,在確立主題后再動(dòng)筆。

如 從標(biāo)題 The Misery of Shyness 中得知,考生不但要解釋說(shuō)明 Shyness ,更重要的是要突出由 Shyness 帶來(lái)的Misery。至此,短文要重點(diǎn)闡述帶來(lái)了什么Misery。

2.文體要統(tǒng)一

正式文體的文章不宜用非正式的語(yǔ)句。有些考生在一篇很正式的議論文中用以下的句子做結(jié)語(yǔ) OK, this is what I want to say.或是That’s my opinion.Do you agree with me？等等,使文章顯得不倫不類。

3.主題要突出

標(biāo)題如果是 Pollution from Cars 或 Air Pollution ,以下段落的闡述顯得有些贅述 1 Part of this problem is the world’s exploding population.2 A growing population undoubtedly means more factories polluting the air.3 Besides, land and water pollution has also increased.4 Pollution is, in fact, threatening our health, our happiness, and our civilization.尤其是第三句,還有點(diǎn)跑題。

4.文字要連貫

一篇好文章要注重連貫性。連貫性主要體現(xiàn)在句子與句子、段落與段落的銜接上,這種銜接要通過(guò)過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),以達(dá)到文章通順,語(yǔ)言流暢。例如 It is clear that television news can vividly bring into us dramatic events of importance, such as wars, games and soon, but it can not cover important stories in detail they may deserve because of its time limitation.On the contrary, print news excels in its ability to devote as much space to a story as it sees fit, though it can not compete with television visually.Besides, television is essentially a passive medium.Such as, but, because of, on the contrary, though, besides 這些過(guò)渡詞把句子從語(yǔ)義上連接起來(lái),形成一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體,讀起來(lái)猶如行云流水,自然酣暢。

5.內(nèi)容要一致

要?jiǎng)h除多余的詞語(yǔ),否則, 一是破壞了文章的一致性, 二是有湊字?jǐn)?shù)之嫌。如 Scientists fear that nuclear energy will one day destroyus.2 They say that the explosion of a nuclear bomb can kill millions of people and cause disease and deformity in later generation.3 Because of limited energy resources, scientists are studying the possibilities of nuclear power.4 And any failure from a nuclear plant may cause enormous damage to the affected area5 What’s more, up to now people have not discovered a safe way to dispose of radioactive wastes.本段中的第三句與主題不符, 也與第二和第四句不連貫, 應(yīng)刪除。

6.表達(dá)方式要多樣化

詞、句型使用的多樣化不僅給文章增加了色彩和可讀性,與此同時(shí)也可反映考生的詞匯量和語(yǔ)言掌握的程度等。為避免文章平淡、呆板, 可使用不同的句式 強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、否定句等等。長(zhǎng)短句使用合理相間,用短句表達(dá)有力的結(jié)論,用長(zhǎng)句體現(xiàn)嚴(yán)密的邏輯關(guān)系?？忌谂e例說(shuō)明的段落中尤其要注意詞語(yǔ)的多樣性。

7.考點(diǎn)要覆蓋全

無(wú)論是什么形式的寫(xiě)作都有寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容上的要求,一般為三個(gè)方面?？忌趧?dòng)筆前一定要看清寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容上的要求,以確保文章覆蓋所有考點(diǎn)。

8.語(yǔ)言要流暢

評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已清楚地告訴考生 文章要語(yǔ)言流暢、字句通順、表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確, 這是得高分的基礎(chǔ)。

Last year the public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, to say nothing of animal care bills and furniture.1 It is difficult not to feel resentful about this when one considers what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty,2 and it is not unusual for me to get hot under the collar when I read about another old person who has left all his ／her money to a dog or cat home.這兩句在表達(dá)意義上用詞十分到位,隨著兩個(gè) when 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容的遞進(jìn),主句對(duì)表現(xiàn)氣憤程度的加強(qiáng)通過(guò)用詞的不同而表達(dá)得淋漓盡致；排比結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)用使觀點(diǎn)更加明確 在1 中 It is difficult not 和 to feel resentful about this 與2 中的 it is not unusual 和 to get hot under the collar 詞語(yǔ)表達(dá)極其準(zhǔn)確。這需要考生在平時(shí)大量閱讀文章時(shí)多注意積累好的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)。

9.首尾要呼應(yīng)

上述幾項(xiàng)被閱卷者稱為閃光點(diǎn) ,即加分的因素。除此而外, 更重要的一點(diǎn)是要注意文章的完整性,即首尾要呼應(yīng)。

10.檢查要到位

這個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)往往被考生忽略不計(jì),而因?yàn)樯倭诉@個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)所造成的后果真可謂是功虧一簣。在閱卷過(guò)程中,時(shí)不時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn) ourself、thinked、the person who are… ,而這些會(huì)釀成不良后果的錯(cuò)誤完全可在一兩分鐘的時(shí)間內(nèi)檢查、修改完成。所以, 在寫(xiě)完短文后, 要耐心地再讀一遍。

第三篇：考研英語(yǔ)作文高分

小作文模板

1.建議信

Dear ________,As ________, I’m writing to express my views concerning ________.Although ________, there is still much room for improvement.Forinstance, ________.In view of these facts, I would like to make the following suggestions.First, ________.Second,________.I hope you will find these suggestions helpful.Yours sincerely,________

2.辭職信模板

Dear ________,I am writing to inform you of my resignation from the current position.I can/will ________ for the transition process.Although I really appreciate the invaluable experience working here, I gradually find_______.In addition , ________.Therefore,________.I would like to thank you for ________.Should there be any inconvenience and trouble caused by my resignation, I am sorry indeed.Yours faithfully,________

3.致歉信模板

Dear ________,I am excessively sorry that I must apologize for ________.I’m afraid what I have done has caused much inconvenience to you.In order to ________, I will ________.Please accept my most cordial and humblest apology.I do hope you ________ and excuse me for ________.Cordially yours

________

4.求職信模板

Dear ________,I have become aware ________ that you are seeking people qualified to fill the vacancy for ________.I am convinced that ________.I major in ________.Furthermore, ________.My resume and list of references are available upon request.I appreciate your time and consideration, and look forward to meeting you in the near future.Faithfully yours,________

5.感謝信模板 Dear ________,I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for ________.Without your help, ________.________.Many thanks again for ________.I hope I will have a chance to ________.Sincerely yours, ________

6.申請(qǐng)信模板 Dear Sir/Madam,I am writing to you in the hope of ________.I would like to know more details about ________.If ________, I will/can ________.I am eagerly looking forward to your reply.And your kind help would be greatly appreciated.Yours respectfully,________

7.投訴信模板 Dear ________,This letter is to notify you about a problem I am having with ________.I am dissatisfied with ________ because ________.I have already attempt to ________.Unfortunately, it seemed that ________.I am sure you will agree that ________.I look forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely,________

8.詢問(wèn)信模板 Dear ________,I am writing to ask if ________.Since ________, I would be most grateful if ________.Your prompt attention to this letter would be highly appreciated.I am expecting your early reply.Yours faithfully,________

9.邀請(qǐng)信模板 Dear ________,Please allow me to have the honor of inviting you ________.The occasion will start at/in ________.Following that, ________.We would be particularly honored by your distinguished presence at ________.Please inform me of ________.Yours sincerely,________

10.祝賀信模板 Dear ________,I am thrilled to know that ________.Please allow me to give my most sincere congratulations on this exciting occasion.As your ________, I _______.It means ________.And it is ________.I take this opportunity to express my best wishes to you.Wish you ________.Yours sincerely,________

11.推薦信模板 Dear ________,This letter is in reference to ________, who ________.He/She is applying for ________.With reference to your requirements, I shall, without reservation, recommend ________.During ________, I spent considerable time with him/her.He/She ________.I believe he/she will ________.I hope the above information will help you ________.If you ________, please do not hesitate to contact me.Yours faithfully, ________

12.介紹信 Dear ________,It gives me much pleasure to introduce ________ to you.He/She ________.Because ________, I hope ________, which I shall ________.I hope it won’t cause you much trouble.Your kindness will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,________

13.便簽?zāi)０?Dear ________,This note is to ________.I will ________.I am sorry that I can’t pass on the message to you in your presence because ________.Yours, ________

14.通知模板

ANNOUNCEMENT 通知主題

Speaker: ________ Time: ________ Place: ________ 正文

單位/個(gè)人

15.備忘錄模板

Memorandum

To: ________ From: ________ Date: ________ Subject: ________ 正文內(nèi)容

16.簡(jiǎn)歷模板

RESUME

Name: ________

Date of Birth: ________ Marital Status: ________ Address: ________ Telephone: ________ Education: ________

Work Experience: ________ Languages: ________

Awards and Scholarships: ________ Interests: ________ Reference: ________

17.摘要模板

Abstract

In order to ________, the paper takes ________ into consideration.It first ________, and further explores ________.Based upon the above, the author concludes that ________.大作文模板

1.價(jià)值觀類

一、As is symbolically depicted in the cartoon, ________(圖片內(nèi)容).The caption indicates, ________(說(shuō)明文字).Undoubtedly, we can deduce from the portrayal that the cartoonist is trying to

attract our attention to the issue of ________(圖片的主題).Why________(主題的重要性)? The answer seems selfevident.On the one hand, ________(重要性體現(xiàn)或變現(xiàn)1).On the other hand, ________(2).It is my view that, we can frequently use such drawings to enlighten the juvenile as to the importance of ________（主題).All in all, ________(深化主題).二、I was really fascinated by the above intriguing cartoon.As is vividly portrayed, ________(圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容).Apparently, the purpose of the picture is to direct our attention to ________(圖畫(huà)內(nèi)涵), which is ________ to/in our life.For one thing, ________(內(nèi)涵重要意義 1).For another, ________(2).Therefore, it is essential for us to ________(針對(duì)圖畫(huà)內(nèi)涵的態(tài)度).First of all, ________(具體措施1).In addition, ________(2).With correct understanding and practical acts, we will ________(出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果).三、As is shown in the picture, ________(圖片內(nèi)容).The drawing vividly illustrates ________(表達(dá)的主題).Obviously the drawing conveys the meaning that ________(圖片內(nèi)涵).As an old saying goes, ________(應(yīng)用相關(guān)諺語(yǔ)).This also applies to ________(擴(kuò)展論證).Examples to prove the idea are abundant, and the most persuasive is ________ 舉例說(shuō)明).In conclusion, ________(總結(jié)深化主題).2.教育類

一、As is vividly portrayed in the first cartoon, ________(第一幅圖片的內(nèi)容).In contrast, ________(第二幅圖片的內(nèi)容)as shown in the second cartoon.The fact that ________(圖片體現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題).For one thing, ________(問(wèn)題的表現(xiàn)或原因1).For another, ________(2).Therefore, ________(問(wèn)題的結(jié)果).In fact, ________(對(duì)待問(wèn)題的正確態(tài)度).Accordingly, ________(應(yīng)該采取的 措施及意義).二、As is vividly depicted in the above picture, ________(圖片內(nèi)容).The caption informs us that ________(說(shuō)明文字內(nèi)容).Undoubtedly, what the picture conveys is ________(圖片主題).In fact, ________(論證支持主題).As a college student, I firmly believe that ________(自己的觀點(diǎn)).Admittedly,________(公認(rèn)的做法).At the same time, ________(進(jìn)一步的做法).It is believed that ________(總結(jié)).三、________(話題)plays a very important role in ________(起作用的方面).Without ________(話題帶來(lái)的好處), ________(結(jié)果).However, ________(現(xiàn)狀及問(wèn)題).Therefore, ________(提出措施).Undoubtedly, ________(解決問(wèn)題的方法)is of great necessity.On the one hand, ________(必要性體現(xiàn)1).On the other hand, ________(2).As a result, ________(總結(jié)).From my point of view, ________(個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)).The final way to improve the situation is ________(建議).3.社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)類

一、As can be seen in the above picture, ________(圖畫(huà)的內(nèi)容).Apparently, ________(圖畫(huà)象征的含義).The purpose of the picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to ________(圖畫(huà)的主題).On the one hand, ________(主題的一個(gè)方面).For

instance, ________(舉例說(shuō)明).On the other hand, ________(主題的另一個(gè)方面).A good case in point is that ________(舉例說(shuō)明).Personally, ________(我的觀點(diǎn)).After all, ________(問(wèn)題的根本).二、The set of drawings above vividly depict a common phenomenon that________(圖片揭示的現(xiàn)象).As is portrayed in the first picture, ________(第一幅圖片的內(nèi)容).In the second one, ________(第二幅圖片的內(nèi)容).Obviously, ________(圖片的相同點(diǎn)/不同點(diǎn)).It goes without saying that ________(現(xiàn)象積極的一面).First, ________(原因1).Second, ________(原因 2).However, we have to admit that ________(現(xiàn)象的弊端).In my view, ________(對(duì)待這一現(xiàn)象的正確態(tài)度).三、As is vividly depicted in the above drawing, ________(圖片內(nèi)容).Undoubtedly, ________(圖片反映的事實(shí)).The drawer highlights the longstanding issue of ________(圖片揭示的深層問(wèn)題).Nowadays, ________(對(duì)問(wèn)題深入分析).Therefore, immediate measures should be taken to solve the problem of ________(正在討論的問(wèn)題).To begin with, ________(措施 1).In addition, ________(措施2).In fact, ________(用一個(gè)基本事實(shí)來(lái)支持論點(diǎn)).4.人口環(huán)境類

一、The above pictures present us with two situations with sharp contrast.In the first picture, we learn that ________(第一幅圖片的內(nèi)容).On the contrary, ________(第二幅圖片的內(nèi)容).It is apparent that ________(圖片的主題).The purpose of the pictures is to tell us that due attention has to be paid to ________(圖片揭示的現(xiàn)象).For example, ________(舉例說(shuō)明).Consequently, ________(現(xiàn)象造成的結(jié)果).Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to deal with the urgent problem.First and foremost, ________(措施1).Furthermore, ________(措施2).二、As can be seen from the graphs, ________(圖表內(nèi)容).Apparently, ________(圖表說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題).There are numerous reasons for this effect, and I would explore only two of the most important ones here.First, ________(原因 1).For example, ________(舉例說(shuō)明).Second, ________(原因2).For instance, ________(舉例說(shuō)明).Personally, it is imperative to take effective measures to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the graphs.One measure is ________(措施 1).More importantly, ________(措施 2).5.健康類

一、________(提出引出主題的問(wèn)題).Of all the complaints I have heard, this is the one most frequently uttered.As is shown in the charts above, ________(圖表內(nèi)容 1).Accordingly, ________(結(jié)果).We can see from the charts that________(圖表內(nèi)容2).However, ________(討論對(duì)象的變化).According to the given figures,________(變化趨勢(shì)).There are probably several reasons responsible for the trend.In the first place, ________(變化原因1).In the second place, ________(變化原因 2).Hence, ________(結(jié)論).二、The desire for ________(美好的目標(biāo))is universal.________(正面論證支持).On the contrary, ________(反面論證支持).There are numerous ways to ________(達(dá)到目標(biāo)).First and foremost, ________(方法 1).Moreover, ________(方法2).Finally,(方法 3).As for me, ________(我的做法 1).In addition, ________(我的做法2).Therefore, ________(總結(jié)).

第四篇：2012考研英語(yǔ)高分作文

小作文復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

考研英語(yǔ)小作文考察的多是辭職信、感謝信、道歉信等20多種類型的應(yīng)用文文體，著重考察考生的邏輯思維能力和語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力。萬(wàn)學(xué)海文提示2012年的廣大考生小作文具有如下特點(diǎn):重格式，不輕內(nèi)容;輕思想，重交際;字?jǐn)?shù)少，易得分;重套路，難發(fā)揮。2012年的考生應(yīng)著重依照這四個(gè)特點(diǎn)來(lái)進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)。

背格式：

小作文重格式的特點(diǎn)要求考生們?cè)诟袷缴喜荒芊稿e(cuò)，必須注意熟悉一些應(yīng)用文的格式和英文中應(yīng)用文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。萬(wàn)學(xué)海文提示考生：格式無(wú)誤是小作文得高分的第一步。

舉2011年小作文題目為例：

Write a letter to a friend of yours to

1)recommend one of your favorite movies and

2)give reasons for your recommendation.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.(10points)

參考范文：(萬(wàn)學(xué)海文：《2012考研英語(yǔ)歷年真題權(quán)威解析》)

Dear Tom，I am writing, without hesitation, to share one of my favorite movies, Forest Gump, with you, which is not only conducive to your study, but also beneficial to your life.For one thing, the beautiful language in this original English movie may contribute to your study of English in listening, speaking, reading and writing.For another thing, the profound cultural elements implicit in the scene will equip you with foreign cultural background and, above all, enrich your daily life.Would you like to see this movie after my recommendation? Remember to tell me your opinion about the movie.I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours, Li Ming

一、稱呼格式 1.用于對(duì)陌生的組織或團(tuán)體負(fù)責(zé)人的稱謂：Dear Madam or Dear Sir

2.用于對(duì)認(rèn)識(shí)但是關(guān)系很正式的個(gè)人、組織或團(tuán)體負(fù)責(zé)人的稱謂：Dear Ms....or Dear Mr....3.用于對(duì)關(guān)系親密的人的稱謂：Dear Tom/Lucy(or any other name)

二、正文格式

縮進(jìn)式: 段落之間無(wú)空行，每段開(kāi)頭空四個(gè)字母。

三、落款格式

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use“...”instead.落款時(shí)可以使用下列萬(wàn)能格式：

Yours, Li Ming

背范文：

背誦是考生積極備戰(zhàn)、快速提高寫(xiě)作成績(jī)的一條捷徑?？忌鷳?yīng)嚴(yán)格按照真題的要求獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作，對(duì)比真題解析中的范文，發(fā)掘范文中的亮點(diǎn)和得分點(diǎn)，找出自己文章中格式、語(yǔ)法和邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤。背誦一些歷年真題解析中的優(yōu)秀范文和優(yōu)秀的小作文寫(xiě)作模板來(lái)提高小作文得分。

技巧錦囊：掌握固定格式，準(zhǔn)確用詞，注意不同類型的要點(diǎn)。

布局：

小作文的布局上一般可以分為三段展開(kāi)。第一段：開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，直接點(diǎn)明主題。第二段：擺出內(nèi)容，陳述原因，羅列建議。第三段：回應(yīng)首段，再次感謝，期待回復(fù)。

語(yǔ)言：

用詞準(zhǔn)確：用詞準(zhǔn)確是最基礎(chǔ)的要求之一。

語(yǔ)法正確：語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤是考試的失分點(diǎn)所在，在小作文的寫(xiě)作中應(yīng)盡量少用縮略語(yǔ)和口語(yǔ)。

句型多變：例如既有并列句，也有復(fù)合句，還有從句。

小作文的考查要求中會(huì)體現(xiàn)出文章的背景場(chǎng)合和寫(xiě)作目的，考生應(yīng)針對(duì)不同情境選擇不同表達(dá)。不同的應(yīng)用文有不同的用語(yǔ)，萬(wàn)學(xué)海文英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)老師們建議2012年的考生對(duì)某些應(yīng)用文的格式和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)加以熟悉和背誦，以便運(yùn)用自如。

注意： 雖說(shuō)小作文的字?jǐn)?shù)不多，但考生們最好還是不要忙于動(dòng)筆，仔細(xì)審題后，先理清思路，認(rèn)真列個(gè)提綱再下筆。寫(xiě)作時(shí)，萬(wàn)學(xué)海文英語(yǔ)考研輔導(dǎo)專家們建議2012年的考生們應(yīng)注意下幾個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題：第一，交代清楚目的;第二，注意關(guān)聯(lián)詞或銜接詞的運(yùn)用，以便閱卷老師明了篇章結(jié)構(gòu);第三，有必要時(shí)對(duì)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)闡述;第四，用簡(jiǎn)短的語(yǔ)句代替冗長(zhǎng)的語(yǔ)句，行文切忌復(fù)雜。最后，完成作文以后，應(yīng)該檢查、修改，以免需要表達(dá)清楚的細(xì)節(jié)和要點(diǎn)被遺漏。

2012年考研英語(yǔ)圖畫(huà)作文備考建議

一、圖畫(huà)作文概括

圖畫(huà)作文不僅需要考生描述圖畫(huà)中所給出的基本信息，更要求考生對(duì)圖畫(huà)進(jìn)行更深層次的理解，即要求考生能夠讀出圖畫(huà)中所隱含的深層含義，即寓意。即文章所給出的主題是什么？這需要我們認(rèn)真研讀圖畫(huà)給我們提供的信息。

首先，我們來(lái)看看這幾年考研圖畫(huà)作文考查的主題：

年份 主題 捕魚(yú) 愛(ài)心是一美國(guó)女孩

溫室的花朵

終點(diǎn)也是

父母贍養(yǎng)

偶像

自信

取長(zhǎng)

網(wǎng)絡(luò)

文化

“旅2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

崇拜 的重補(bǔ)短，的遠(yuǎn)

與近

火鍋 程”之

余 盞燈 與中國(guó)文化

起點(diǎn) 問(wèn)題 要性 合作

互助

從以上表格的我們可以看出，考研英語(yǔ)圖畫(huà)作文所考到的主旨一般跟當(dāng)今世界上熱門(mén)的話題有聯(lián)系，比如：贍養(yǎng)老人，環(huán)境保護(hù)等。因此，萬(wàn)學(xué)海文英語(yǔ)考研輔導(dǎo)專家建議2012年的考生在復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候，也可以多閱讀英文文章或報(bào)刊書(shū)籍，積累素材，這樣可以使自己對(duì)話題更熟悉，做到有話可說(shuō)。

二、圖畫(huà)作文備考建議

1、審題。

審題很重要，包括題目中的direction部分，比如作文類型，寫(xiě)作篇幅結(jié)構(gòu)，篇幅長(zhǎng)短等；審圖畫(huà)，在這方面，考生要仔細(xì)審查圖畫(huà)，認(rèn)真揣摩，從而更加準(zhǔn)確把握?qǐng)D畫(huà)所傳遞的信息；提示語(yǔ)，一般的圖畫(huà)作文都附有提示語(yǔ)，提示語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)作用：限定和啟發(fā)，考生應(yīng)該注意，利用這些信息，這些信息在很大程度上影響到審題主旨的確立，有些考生由于沒(méi)有看到或忽視了圖畫(huà)下面給出的提示語(yǔ)而對(duì)作文要深挖的主旨不能很好地理解，比如2010年的圖畫(huà)作文：文化火鍋（附加信息：文化“火鍋”，既美味又營(yíng)養(yǎng)），它的寓意是：文化揭示出文章的話題，火鍋在這里是喻體，它的顯著特點(diǎn)是可以將多種材料混合，糅合，比喻多種文化的交融，美味是指各種各樣的文化豐富了人們的精神生活，營(yíng)養(yǎng)指的是文化交融能給人類帶來(lái)很多好處。而當(dāng)年由于很多考生在審題上忽視了附加信息而失去了好多的分?jǐn)?shù)，比如，把文化放在火鍋里亂七八糟地煮，說(shuō)明文化遭受污染，說(shuō)明人們不重視文化，呼吁文化保護(hù)，文化全球化的利弊分析等。以上所列舉出的對(duì)作文主旨的分析都是斷章取義，憑空臆造，想當(dāng)然。所以萬(wàn)學(xué)海文建議2012年的考生在寫(xiě)這類作文的時(shí)候，一定不要忘記要好好瞅瞅圖畫(huà)下面的附加信息，有時(shí)字體很小，我們更需要留心。

詞匯。

詞匯是英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)，是備考各類型題目的基礎(chǔ)，寫(xiě)作也不例外，如果詞匯不夠豐富，不會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用，特別是在考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中，如果不掌握一些增分的亮點(diǎn)詞匯，是寫(xiě)不出一篇優(yōu)美的200個(gè)單詞左右的圖畫(huà)作文的。所以萬(wàn)學(xué)海文提醒2012年的考生在平時(shí)備考的時(shí)候，一定要積累相關(guān)的詞匯，以便在考場(chǎng)上得心應(yīng)手。

3，內(nèi)容的完整性。

文章的組織是否連貫，詞的銜接是否到位等。因此，在此提醒考生應(yīng)該熟記一些表示銜接的詞或短語(yǔ)，茲列舉一些如下：

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but, however, yet, on the contrary, contrary to, in contrast to, whereas, rather than, instead of, conversely

讓步關(guān)系：although, even, despite, nevertheless, as, still, much as, anyhow, in any case, whatever

總分關(guān)系：for example(分), such as（分）, including（分）, in sum（總）, in general（總）, on the whole（總）

因果關(guān)系：because, due to, in that, owing to, since, now that, lead to, contribute to, result in, in view of, so, hence, therefore, consequently

遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：still, indeed, furthermore, besides, in addition, what is more

條件關(guān)系：if, in the event of, so long as, unless, only if ,in case, provided that，并列關(guān)系：and, as well as, likewise, not...only...but also...時(shí)間關(guān)系：when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once, simultaneously, at the same time, whenever

目的關(guān)系：so that, in order that, lest, for fear that，經(jīng)典句型：this is an interesting and thought—provoking picture.As is depicted(conveyed, illustrated)in the picture, we can deduce that?

The meaning conveyed by the picture is clear but profound The two pictures reveal a not uncommon social phenomenon that?

考生在備考圖畫(huà)作文的時(shí)候，萬(wàn)學(xué)海文考研輔導(dǎo)老師溫馨小提示：一定要認(rèn)真審題，揣摩作者的意圖，以便在文章主旨的理解和結(jié)構(gòu)的搭建上做到心中有數(shù)，考生還要特別注意圖畫(huà)下面附加信息的作用，它的作用千萬(wàn)不能小覷，除此外，相關(guān)詞匯的積累，銜接詞、短語(yǔ)的積累也是十分重要的。

2012考研英語(yǔ)大作文寫(xiě)作模式指導(dǎo)

考研作文分為Part A、Part B兩部分，也就是我們通常所說(shuō)的大作文、小作文，考生在短期內(nèi)通過(guò)努力可以快速提高。一般以漫畫(huà)為主是大作文的考試風(fēng)格，題材多選擇議論文。一般漫畫(huà)都直觀、簡(jiǎn)單，考生的寫(xiě)作重點(diǎn)著重于下：

一、描寫(xiě)漫畫(huà)：50個(gè)單詞左右。該部分寫(xiě)作要求語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練、無(wú)語(yǔ)病。

二、110-150個(gè)單詞左右，按照題目要求的步驟分段寫(xiě)作，題目可能是要求考生解釋圖片隱含的深意表明立場(chǎng)并舉例（如2007年），也有可能是反省圖片反映現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的后果并表述自己觀點(diǎn)（2006年），等。我們選取萬(wàn)學(xué)海文《2012考研英語(yǔ)歷年真題權(quán)威解析（2002-2011）》中的部分優(yōu)秀例句為考生復(fù)習(xí)大作文進(jìn)行參考。

大作文的構(gòu)造一般包括開(kāi)頭段、擴(kuò)展段（可以有多個(gè)）和結(jié)尾段。開(kāi)頭段和結(jié)尾段通常短于擴(kuò)展段。

一、開(kāi)頭段

簡(jiǎn)要描述圖片:

As is vividly depicted in the picture...As is portrayed in the enlightening picture,...As is unfolded in the picture above, we can see that...As is shown in the picture, we can see clearly the relationship between...and...In the picture presented to us, we can see...The picture symbolically depicts that...The terrible scene depicted in the cartoon shows that...The picture vividly shows...The above two pictures have shaped contrast to each other.As is shown in the first drawing,...In contrast,...The above two pictures have shaped sharp contrast to each other.In one picture,....But in the other,...The most striking feature of the drawing is...The purpose of the picture is to show us that...We can deduce form this picture that...二、擴(kuò)展段

基本要求：

1.篇幅長(zhǎng)于開(kāi)頭段、結(jié)尾段；

2.每段都有相應(yīng)的主題句；

3.包含論證、解釋、評(píng)論等；

常用句型：

On the one hand, many people hold a view that...On the other hand, others argue that...This picture does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon that...The picture conveys a deep and soul-stirring meaning.Though this picture only describes..., yet it demonstrates a universal law that...The drawing sets us thinking too much due to...It is most likely that the drawer means to compare...to...in the drawing and reflect a problem in...For one thing,...For another,...It can be easily spotted that...It goes without saying that the picture indicates that...Obviously, the picture indicates that...Undoubtedly, the picture arouses deep concern over the issue of...Sample as it is, the meaning conveyed by the picture is clear and profound.三、結(jié)尾段 提出看法，常用句型：

What it comes to...This picture does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon that....In sum, it is essential for us to...Therefore, it is imperative that we should take some effective measures.Only in this way can the tragedy described above be avoided and only in this way can the society become more harmonious to live.The answer seems self-evident: what we should learn...Numerous examples can demonstrate the power of a positive attitude.Only by..., can we demonstrate grace under pressure and turn our dreams into reality.We can frequently use the drawings to enlighten people to...It is, therefore, necessary that some effective steps be made to...All things considered, I hold that...常用詞語(yǔ)：

1、總結(jié)關(guān)系過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)

generally, in general, generally speaking, as a general rule, to take the above opinion to an extreme, to take the idea further, to some extent；as for me, as far as I am concerned, in my opinion, on a larger scale, in one sense, in a way，undoubtedly, obviously, in terms of, in conclusion, in a word, in summary，in brief, to sum up, on the whole, to conclude...2、比較對(duì)比關(guān)系過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)

in common, in the same way, the same as, like, likewise, similarly, equally important, whereas, yet, but, however, nevertheless, otherwise, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, rather than, conversely, instead, in/by contrast...3、列舉關(guān)系過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)

such as, as an example, for example, for instance, as a case in point, thus, first and foremost, last but not least, first of all, in the first place, to start with, to begin with, also, next, besides, moreover, furthermore, what is more, in addition(to that), for one thing, for another thing, eventually, finally, initially...4、因果關(guān)系過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)

as, for, since, hence, therefore, accordingly, consequently, due to, owing to, thanks to, because(of), on account of, result in(from),as a result of, as a consequence, for the reason that...5、讓步關(guān)系過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)

Although, despite, after all, granted that, even though, in spite of...6、強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)

especially, particularly, above all, most important of all, surely, certainly, obviously, no doubt, to be sure, in deed, in fact, even worse, needless to say, anyway...大作文五大命題規(guī)律

歷年的考研作文都是與當(dāng)下結(jié)合非常緊密的題材，考生也都會(huì)按照相應(yīng)的方法進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)。那么，作為考研英語(yǔ)的最后一道題目，大作文也有自己的命題規(guī)律。萬(wàn)學(xué)海文英語(yǔ)考研輔導(dǎo)專家們根據(jù)多年的輔導(dǎo)經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)出了以下五大規(guī)律，以供2012年的考研同學(xué)們進(jìn)行參考。

1.關(guān)注熱點(diǎn)。

2006年關(guān)注偶像崇拜現(xiàn)象，2009年關(guān)注網(wǎng)絡(luò)問(wèn)題，2011年的考察環(huán)保問(wèn)題，都是大眾或者是青年人關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。在年底時(shí)可以從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上搜集到本年份大事記，從而有側(cè)重的準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)詞匯和句型。萬(wàn)學(xué)海文提醒2012年的考生注意：出題者為避免作文題目被猜中，往往可能會(huì)將熱點(diǎn)延遲進(jìn)行命題。所以考生在準(zhǔn)備大作文的時(shí)候可以參考本年和前一年所發(fā)生的大事進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。

2.與大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試有關(guān)聯(lián)。

2008年6月的CET6作文題目：《電子書(shū)是否可以替代傳統(tǒng)書(shū)籍？》，2009年考研英語(yǔ)作文的題目是《網(wǎng)絡(luò)的近與遠(yuǎn)》；2009年12月的CET6作文關(guān)注“參加各種藝術(shù)培訓(xùn)班”，2009年6月的CET4作文圍繞著“博物館”，2010年考研英語(yǔ)大作文題目是《文化火鍋》，可見(jiàn)，考研大作文題目偶爾與四級(jí)考試的作文題目相關(guān)，常常與六級(jí)考試的作文題目相關(guān)，近期CET考試的作文題目為考生們提供了練筆、積累素材的好資源。

3.考題傾向于大型宏觀話題。

2001年愛(ài)心，2003年成長(zhǎng)，2005年家庭，2010年文化，2011年環(huán)保。試卷中給出的圖片、圖表只是表達(dá)局部或單個(gè)情況，入口小，話題大，命題從來(lái)不在細(xì)枝末節(jié)具體環(huán)節(jié)、或個(gè)別事件上做文章。社會(huì)積極面是命題主旨的趨向，考生需要以成熟主流的心態(tài)來(lái)思考問(wèn)題的積極解決方案、在圖畫(huà)寓意中發(fā)現(xiàn)哲理。

4.避開(kāi)政治和敏感話題

為避免過(guò)多的爭(zhēng)議，政治話題因其觀點(diǎn)難以達(dá)成普遍共識(shí)，是非曲直難以一時(shí)斷定，不適合成為考題。敏感性話題同樣也不適合成為考研英語(yǔ)的作文題目。

5.命題中的“和諧社會(huì)”傾向

圍繞主流思想和時(shí)代背景，考研作文命題團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)逐漸形成了以“和諧社會(huì)”為核心的命題思路和模式。可以用和諧的三個(gè)不同層次對(duì)“和諧社會(huì)”傾向下的作文話題進(jìn)行劃分：和諧發(fā)展之——個(gè)體，和諧發(fā)展之——個(gè)人、他人與社會(huì)，和諧發(fā)展之——人與自然。密切關(guān)注此類話題，掌握與“和諧”相關(guān)語(yǔ)詞備考，是考生備考的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。

第五篇：英語(yǔ)：考研英語(yǔ)作文高分秘密

2006-11-20 | 英語(yǔ)：考研英語(yǔ)作文高分秘密

英語(yǔ)：考研英語(yǔ)作文高分秘密

導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：無(wú)論什么類型的語(yǔ)言考試都會(huì)把寫(xiě)作當(dāng)作語(yǔ)言output 能力的最好形式。很多考生雖然懂得這個(gè)道理，在認(rèn)識(shí)上卻存在很多誤區(qū)。大家經(jīng)常會(huì)問(wèn)“大綱單詞是不是都背下就能得高分？范文要不要背？可不可能押中考題？怎么樣復(fù)習(xí)才能提高寫(xiě)作能力？”等等諸如此類的問(wèn)題。今天我們就來(lái)解決！

◆寫(xiě)作存在“三難、四差、一慢”等問(wèn)題

上述問(wèn)題的起源，一是由于大家在寫(xiě)作文時(shí)存在三難問(wèn)題(即開(kāi)頭難, 展開(kāi)難, 結(jié)尾難)，以及“四差一慢”問(wèn)題(即語(yǔ)言能力差，詞句變換能力差，主題展開(kāi)能力差，全文段落連貫?zāi)芰Σ詈蛯?xiě)作速度慢)。

二是因?yàn)閷?duì)于歷年大綱出現(xiàn)過(guò)的經(jīng)典段落缺乏研究，沒(méi)有認(rèn)真分析范文是如何用自己的詞句來(lái)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)象，來(lái)描述圖表，來(lái)表達(dá)不同人的正反觀點(diǎn)，來(lái)說(shuō)明闡述利弊，來(lái)闡述原因意義，來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明，來(lái)歸納總結(jié)，來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)趨勢(shì)，來(lái)建議措施的。大部分考生只會(huì)盲目背誦見(jiàn)過(guò)的全部范文，不懂得要有選擇的背誦，比如：重點(diǎn)詞匯，常用套語(yǔ)，精彩句子，優(yōu)秀段落，經(jīng)典篇章。只有有選擇的背誦才是高分作文的素材基礎(chǔ)，肚子里面沒(méi)有一定數(shù)量的好詞好句是很難在一定的內(nèi)寫(xiě)出一篇優(yōu)秀的文章的。

◆拉開(kāi)六個(gè)檔次考生的分水嶺：清楚表意，句式變化

我們從歷年寫(xiě)作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)看，便可以知道考生得分情況總共分六個(gè)檔次。而在其中，又不難其中大綱明確寫(xiě)出的“內(nèi)容切題，包括題中所列的各項(xiàng)要求”這一項(xiàng)對(duì)于得滿分和及格分左右的考生是一樣的。這說(shuō)明，這個(gè)要求不是拉開(kāi)考生實(shí)際分?jǐn)?shù)的關(guān)鍵。“清楚表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵，文字連貫；句式有變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞正確”是把六個(gè)檔次的考生拉開(kāi)的分水嶺。

第一檔做到了“清楚表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵，文字連貫；句式有變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞正確”

第二檔則是“比較清楚地表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵，文字基本連貫；句式有一定變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯(cuò)誤較少?！?/p>

第三檔是“基本清楚地表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵；句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞有一些錯(cuò)誤?！?/p>

第四檔是 “基本包含題中所列的各項(xiàng)要求，語(yǔ)句可以理解，但有較多的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯(cuò)誤?！?/p>

第五檔是“基本按要求寫(xiě)作，但只有少數(shù)句子可理解?！?/p>

第六檔當(dāng)然是什么都不寫(xiě)，或者文不切題，語(yǔ)句混亂，無(wú)法理解的0分考生了。

◆提出“四化”理論，提高作文水準(zhǔn)

一、語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確化：語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確化主要表現(xiàn)在詞匯準(zhǔn)確和造句準(zhǔn)確上。

1.詞匯準(zhǔn)確化主要表現(xiàn)為以下四個(gè)方面：1.拼寫(xiě) 2.介詞 3.同義詞 4.正規(guī)和非正規(guī)。

由于受中文的影響，很多同學(xué)會(huì)把一些常用的介詞用錯(cuò)。比如在校園里，有的考生就寫(xiě)成in campus, 但正確寫(xiě)法是 on campus;再比如：成功的關(guān)鍵，不少考生寫(xiě)成 key of success, 實(shí)際是 key to success;另外，很多考生同義詞不分，比如cause, reason不分，problem和question不分，consist of 和compose不分?？赡苁遣簧倏忌芰擞⒄Z(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的影響或者專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的影響，喜歡用一些過(guò)于口語(yǔ)化和太正規(guī)的語(yǔ)言，這都是不合理的，我們寫(xiě)作要用的是白話文，用普通的正確的優(yōu)秀的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)內(nèi)容。

廣大考生容易犯錯(cuò)誤的原因是：

首先，不同民族對(duì)同一事物，同一現(xiàn)象認(rèn)識(shí)方面有差異。

其次，對(duì)同一現(xiàn)象，同一意義語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方面有差異。例如，漢語(yǔ)認(rèn)為“一陣大雨”，英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)成“a heavy rain”，不能寫(xiě)成“a big rain ”。

第三，學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)語(yǔ)言規(guī)則進(jìn)行錯(cuò)誤類推。例如，由“I went to the store yesterday morning.”推出“I went to the concert yesterday night.” 這種推導(dǎo)得出的句子可是一個(gè)錯(cuò)句。“昨天晚上”英語(yǔ)只能說(shuō)“l(fā)ast night”。但是，“昨天上午(下午，傍晚)”則用“yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)”。

第四，學(xué)生照漢語(yǔ)思維直譯，導(dǎo)致了表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤和不地道、不準(zhǔn)確的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)。比如，學(xué)生把“你的來(lái)信收到了”寫(xiě)成“Your letter has received.”，這是從漢語(yǔ)直譯出來(lái)的，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)中物做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，應(yīng)寫(xiě)成“Your letter has been received.”。所以提高寫(xiě)作水平必須從基礎(chǔ)抓起，寫(xiě)每個(gè)句子都要注意基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法與句型，注意每個(gè)詞每個(gè)意義的使用條件與用法、搭配關(guān)系、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、同義詞與近義詞的區(qū)別等。

另外在背誦一些經(jīng)常使用的萬(wàn)能套話，和不同場(chǎng)景的關(guān)鍵詞匯。

比如環(huán)境保護(hù)的話題，大家就應(yīng)該知道如下單詞：

沙塵暴 Sand/dust storms

生態(tài)失衡 Disruption of ecological balance

溫室效應(yīng) Greenhouse effect

全球變暖 Global warming

淡水資源短缺 Shortage of fresh water

環(huán)保意識(shí) Environmental awareness

生態(tài)系統(tǒng) Ecosystem

說(shuō)到經(jīng)濟(jì)，中國(guó)的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，就應(yīng)該知道

國(guó)有企業(yè) state-owned enterprise

私人企業(yè) private enterprise

壟斷市場(chǎng) monopolize the market

偷稅漏稅 tax evasion

跨國(guó)集團(tuán) multinational corporation

貿(mào)易制裁 trade sanction

貿(mào)易壁壘 trade barriers

全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化 integration with the global economy

西部大開(kāi)發(fā) Go-West Campaign

中國(guó)加入WTO China’s entry into WTO

亂攤派亂收費(fèi) imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge

2.句子準(zhǔn)確化主要是避免寫(xiě)病句?？忌Ｒ?jiàn)的病句有：1.主謂一致 2.隨意更換 3.逗號(hào)濫用 4.重復(fù) 5.邏輯主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)不一致 6.修飾語(yǔ)位置亂放 7.不分可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞 8.冠詞亂用 9.句子不完整 10.詞語(yǔ)的搭配 11.句子無(wú)明確的主語(yǔ) 12.一個(gè)句子有幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ) 13.中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)。

比如：漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)“我不知道這是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)”如果寫(xiě)成 “I don’t know it's true or not..” 則是錯(cuò)句。因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z(yǔ)中，如果“know”之后跟疑問(wèn)句，則用“whether”或“if”引導(dǎo)從句。在比如：“下崗，下海”等特色中國(guó)詞匯，可能有的同學(xué)會(huì)寫(xiě)成down office, go down to the sea之內(nèi)的令人產(chǎn)生歧義的英文來(lái)，而實(shí)際上是laid-off workers，go into business.二、詞句多樣化：詞的多樣化是指用詞要多樣 比如說(shuō)圖畫(huà)作文，我們會(huì)用到show, 我們也可以說(shuō)reveals, indicates, illustrates等等。在比如“認(rèn)為”，我們可以說(shuō)think, 也可以說(shuō)hold, maintain, insist that。表達(dá)“越來(lái)越”不用老說(shuō)more and more，還可以 用in growing numbers，on the rise等等。

而句子的多樣化主要為以下五個(gè)方面：句子開(kāi)頭多樣化，主語(yǔ)多樣化，定語(yǔ)的多樣化、長(zhǎng)短句變化。大部分的考生都喜歡用“主謂賓”磚頭式的句子去砸閱卷老師，不知道變化一下，用不定式，形容詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，分詞，同謂語(yǔ)，從句開(kāi)頭。其次，大家都喜歡用“我，我們，他們”做主語(yǔ)，這實(shí)際上是受了漢語(yǔ)以人為中心的影響，英語(yǔ)可以用物來(lái)做主語(yǔ)，比如用動(dòng)名詞，名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)，不定式等等做主語(yǔ)。比如：When I see the picture, I always think of my childhood.就可以這么說(shuō)：The sight of the picture always reminds me of my childhood.當(dāng)然，句子還要講究平行原則、如何把短句子連接成為長(zhǎng)句子、如何把短句擴(kuò)展成長(zhǎng)句子。

三、結(jié)構(gòu)清晰化：就是要求考生把主題句寫(xiě)在段首，自然段中，句子與句子之間要注意過(guò)渡詞匯的使用。分析原因或者列舉段落我們提倡“條理原則”。即要經(jīng)常說(shuō)首先，其次，然后，最后。比如：首先，to(begin/start)with/ first and foremost/most important of all;其次：then, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, in addition, besides;最后last but not least, finally.如果是講兩種人或兩種情況，可以on the one hand, on the other hand 或for one thing, for another。

四、內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單化：考研作文題型的存在的主要目的是為了考察考生的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力，而不是考察是否有構(gòu)思能力，編劇能力。切記不用把內(nèi)容想得多么復(fù)雜，而且復(fù)雜內(nèi)容的英文表達(dá)會(huì)更難。話說(shuō)回來(lái)，就算讓考生當(dāng)場(chǎng)寫(xiě)一篇字?jǐn)?shù)在160-200字左右的短篇漢語(yǔ)文章也不一定能寫(xiě)出什么驚天地泣鬼神，見(jiàn)解深刻獨(dú)到的微型雜文來(lái)。所以考生只要舉一些簡(jiǎn)單常見(jiàn)的例子就行。

至于應(yīng)用文，考生應(yīng)該在注意把握信息點(diǎn)，注意信件的種類(即正式文體和非正式文體)。如果應(yīng)用文考題是寫(xiě)給公司單位就要采用正式文體，如果考題是給朋友的話，就應(yīng)當(dāng)用非正式的普通用語(yǔ)。對(duì)于正式文體，我們可以背誦有關(guān)投訴信，詢問(wèn)信，請(qǐng)求信，道歉信，感謝信，建議信，求職信，辭職信，邀請(qǐng)信的一些慣用表達(dá)。而非正式文體我們同樣要注意詞句方面不要寫(xiě)錯(cuò)，要準(zhǔn)確多樣。

小作文字?jǐn)?shù)要求是100個(gè)字，大概8句話。第一段就寫(xiě)一句話，第一句話表明你寫(xiě)信的基本內(nèi)容，以開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山為原則。比如詢問(wèn)信，就說(shuō)要詢問(wèn)什么問(wèn)題；求職信，就說(shuō)要申請(qǐng)什么職位；如果是投訴，就寫(xiě)自己對(duì)什么東西的不滿就可以了。第二段，一般是有三個(gè)outlines，每個(gè)考點(diǎn)寫(xiě)兩句話，加起來(lái)就是六句話。結(jié)尾再加上一句客套話就行了。比如請(qǐng)求就寫(xiě)我焦急的等待著你的答復(fù)，如果是感謝信就寫(xiě)謝謝你的關(guān)照；如果是辭職就寫(xiě)我很抱歉可能對(duì)公司造成了不便如此之類的廢話就罷了。

結(jié)束語(yǔ)：這樣看來(lái)，不管是大作文還是小作文，我們都要保證“四化”即語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確化，詞句多樣化，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰化，內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單化，寫(xiě)好考研作文不在話下！