第一篇：英語語法術(shù)語總結(jié)（共）

英語語法術(shù)語總結(jié)

主語 subject

謂語 predicate賓語 object

雙賓語 dual object直接賓語 direct object間接賓語 indirect object補(bǔ)語 complement

主補(bǔ) subject complement賓補(bǔ) object complement表語 predicative定語 attribute同位語 appositive狀語 adverbial

讓步狀語concessive clause 格 case

普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case賓格 objective case語態(tài) voice

主動(dòng)語態(tài) active voice

被動(dòng)語態(tài) passive voice語氣 mood

陳述語氣 indicative mood祈使語氣 imperative mood虛擬語氣 subjunctive mood否定 negation

全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation轉(zhuǎn)移否定 shift of negation倒裝語序 inversion

全部倒裝 full inversion部分倒裝 partial inversion直接引語 direct speech間接引語 indirect speech

附加（反義）疑問句 tag question冠詞 article

定冠詞 definite article

不定冠詞 indefinite article代詞 pronoun

感嘆詞 exclamation

形容詞 adjective

副詞 adverb

介詞 preposition

連詞 conjunction

可數(shù)名詞 countable noun

不可數(shù)名詞 uncountable noun專有名詞 proper noun

第二篇：英語語法術(shù)語.課堂教學(xué)用語

常見的語法術(shù)語摘要

1.名詞 noun

動(dòng)詞 verb

形容詞 adjective 數(shù)詞 numeral

代詞 pronoun 2.介詞 preposition

副詞 adverb

連詞 conjunction 冠詞 article 感嘆詞 interjection 3.結(jié)構(gòu)：structure

簡單句 simple sentences

并列句 compound sentences 4.復(fù)合句 complex sentences 倒裝句 inverted sentences 省略句 elliptical sentences 5.陳述句 declarative sentences

疑問句 interrogative sentences 6.祈使句 imperative sentences

感嘆句 exclamatory sentences

7.否定句 negative sentences

被動(dòng)句 passive sentences

8.虛擬語氣句 subjunctive sentences

同義句 synonymous sentences 9.歧義句 ambiguous sentences

委婉句 euphemisms

強(qiáng)調(diào)句 emphasis 10.疑難句 difficult sentences

敘述句 narrative sentences

說明句 expository sentences 11.議論句 argumentative sentences

人物描寫句 descriptive sentences of people 12.動(dòng)作描寫句：descriptive sentences of actions

13.環(huán)境描寫句 descriptive sentences of environment 14.日?？谡Z句 sentences for everyday talk 15.實(shí)用情景句 sentences of actual situations 16.課堂教學(xué)句 sentences of classroom teaching 17.名人語句 quotations

格言句 maxims

諺語句 proverbs 18.狀語 adverbial

補(bǔ)語 complement

賓語 object 賓語補(bǔ)助語 objective complement 19.表語 predicative

主語 subject

謂語 predicate

謂語動(dòng)詞 finite verb

20.21.22.23.非謂語動(dòng)詞 non-finite verb

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 modal verb 并列 coordination

選擇 alternative

轉(zhuǎn)折 transition

對(duì)比 contrast

原因 cause

結(jié)果 effect

解釋 explanation 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) verb tenses

24.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) simple present(tense)25.一般過去時(shí) simple past(tense)

一般將來時(shí)

simple future(tense)26.過去將來時(shí) future(tense)in the past

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) present perfect(tense)27.過去完成時(shí) past perfect(tense)

將來完成時(shí) future perfect(tense)28.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) present continuous(tense)

過去進(jìn)行時(shí) past continuous(tense)29.將來進(jìn)行時(shí) future continuous(tense)

30.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) present perfect continuous(tense)31.主句 main clause

從句

subordinate clause 32.限定性定語從句 restrictive attributive clause 33.非限定性定語從句 non-restrictive attributive clause 34.賓語從句 object clause

壯語從句 adverbial clause

主語從句 subject clause 35.表語從句 predicative clause

同位語從句 appositive clause 36.雙重復(fù)合句 double complex sentences

37.多重復(fù)合句 multiple complex sentences 38.插入語 parenthesis

39.IT引導(dǎo)的句子 IT sentences 40.THERE引導(dǎo)句 THERE sentences 41.省略名詞 omission of noun 42.判斷句 statements

列舉句 enumeration

比較句 comparison

讓步句 concession 43.一般疑問句 general question

特殊疑問句 special question 44.45.46.47.選擇疑問句 alternative question

反意疑問句 disjunctive question 陳述式疑問句 declarative question

省略疑問句 elliptical question 一般否定 general negation

全部否定 complete negation

部分否定 partial negation 雙重否定 double negation

否定句 negative sentences

肯定句 affirmative sentences 48.主格 subjective case

賓格 objective case

所有格 possessive case 49.單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù) singular and plural

語序 word order

50.不定式 infinitive

動(dòng)名詞 gerund

現(xiàn)在分詞 present participle 51.主動(dòng)的 active

被動(dòng)的 passive

語態(tài) voice

標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) punctuation mark 52.抽象的 abstract

具體的 concrete

名言 saying

語氣 mood 53.典故 allusion

習(xí)語 idiom

俚語 slang 外來語 foreign word

行話 jargon 54.直接引語 direct speech

間接引語 indirect speech

命題 proposition

課堂教學(xué)句 sentences of classroom teaching

開始上課 beginning of the class 1.我們開始吧 Let’s start/ Let’s begin now 2.讓我們開始上課 Let’s begin our lesson.3.今天我們上新課，先學(xué)生詞，然后讀課文 We are going to have a new lesson today.We’ll learn the new words first.Then we’ll read the text.4.我們先學(xué)課文，然后提問。如果還有時(shí)間，就進(jìn)行聽寫 First we’ll study the text, then I’ll ask you some questions.If time permits, we’ll have a short dictation.5.今天的課這樣上：先講課文，然后用替換詞做句型練習(xí)二。最后做一些書面練習(xí)。Today, the class will be conducted in this way: First we’ll go over the text.Then we’ll do pattern drill II with the substitutes.And finally we’ll do some written exercises.6.我們今天要全面復(fù)習(xí)我們所學(xué)過的東西 Today we’ll have a general review of what we have learned so far.7.我們把昨天學(xué)的內(nèi)容溫習(xí)一下 We’ll go over a little of what we did yesterday.教學(xué)用語 Teaching 1.昨天我們講到第45頁的第三行，今天我們接著講 Yesterday we went as far as the third line on page 45.Today we’ll go on with the text.2.我們接著昨天的講 Let’s start from where we left off yesterday.3.我記得我們還有三段課文未講，我希望今天能把這課講完 I remember we have three paragraphs to do.I hope I can wind up the lesson today.4.今天我們上新課，請(qǐng)把書翻到第20頁 Today we are taking up a new lesson.Please turn to page 20.5.我們先讀詞匯表。蘇桌，請(qǐng)你讀生詞 We shall take the word list first.Su Zhuo, please read the new words.6.今天我們講課文 Today we’ll go over the text.7.這篇課文時(shí)由一個(gè)短篇小說改寫的 This text is adapted from a short story.8.我給你們講一下作者的生平I’ll tell you something about the author’s life.9.現(xiàn)在我把第20頁上的課文讀一遍 Now I’ll read the text on page 20.10.現(xiàn)在我把課文給大家讀一遍，你們聽一下 Now I am going to read the text once for you to listen to.11.現(xiàn)在你們聽的時(shí)候不要看書 Now listen without looking at your books.12.我把課文從頭到文讀一遍，你們仔細(xì)聽 I’ll read the text through once.Follow me carefully.13.我先讀課文，請(qǐng)標(biāo)上重音 Now I’ll read the text first.Mark the stressed syllables.14.我想你們都預(yù)習(xí)了課文。誰來講講課文的大意？ I think you’ve all previewed the text.Who would like to say something about the text? 15.現(xiàn)在我給你們講一講課文大意 Now I’ll give you the general idea of the text.16.我想將這一段讀一遍，然后再解釋難句 I’ll read this paragraph first and then explain the difficult sentences.17.你們對(duì)于這一段有什么問題嗎？Have you got any questions about this paragraph? 18.還有問題嗎？如果沒有，我就講下一段 Are there any questions? If not, I’ll explain the next paragraph.19.現(xiàn)在我把課文譯成中文 Now I’ll put(translate/change)the text into Chinese.20.現(xiàn)有我一個(gè)人讀，然后你們跟我讀 I’ll read it alone first, and then you read after me.21.現(xiàn)在你們輪流讀課文,王芳，你先讀Now you are going to read the text one by one.Wang Fang, you start reading first.22.現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)劉娜領(lǐng)著大家讀課文 Now Liu Na, suppose you read the text.You others read after her, please.23.請(qǐng)從頭讀起 Please read from the beginning.24.請(qǐng)?zhí)^這一段，從下一段開始 Please skip this paragraph, and start with the next paragraph.25.這篇文章的主題是什么？ What is the theme of this essay? 26.還有5分鐘，我們可以把課文在讀一遍 There are still 5 minutes left.So we have time to read the text once more.練習(xí)Exercise 1.我們現(xiàn)在做句型練習(xí)Now let’s do pattern drills.2.請(qǐng)看替換詞 Look at the substitutes.3.我讀句型并先做一遍，然后你們照樣做 I’ll read the sentence pattern and do it first, then you do the same.4.請(qǐng)按句型造句 Make sentences after the given patterns.5.現(xiàn)在我們互相提問，然后請(qǐng)一位同學(xué)總結(jié)全課 Now we’ll ask each other questions.Then one of you will sum up the lesson.6.現(xiàn)在我們來進(jìn)行復(fù)述 Now let’s do some retelling.7.現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)復(fù)述課文 Now try to retell the text.8.想想看 Think it over 9.想一會(huì)兒 Think it for a while 10.再試一試 Try again 11.現(xiàn)在試著回答 Now, try to answer.12.我相信，你要是認(rèn)真想一想，一定能回答好這個(gè)問題 I’m sure you can answer this question well, if you think hard.13.你能舉幾個(gè)例子嗎？Can you give some examples? 14.有什么錯(cuò)誤嗎？Is there anything wrong?/ Any more mistakes? 15.有什么評(píng)論嗎？Any comments? 16.請(qǐng)到黑板前面來 Come to the blackboard 17.回到座位去 Go back to your seat 18.你能指出哪里有錯(cuò)嗎？Can you point out any mistakes?

聽寫 dictation 準(zhǔn)備聽寫 Get ready for dictation 現(xiàn)在聽寫 Now let’s have dictation.我再念一遍，你們可以檢查一下 Now I’ll read once more, and you check you work.好了，把筆放下 All right, put down your pens.同桌的同學(xué)和相交換練習(xí)本，互相改一改。Exchange your exercise books with your neighbour and correct each other’s mistakes.把練習(xí)本交上來 Hand in your exercise books.把練習(xí)本傳到前面來：Pass your exercise books to the front.你們都交了練習(xí)本了嗎？Have you all handed in your exercise books?

輔導(dǎo) coaching 1.有問題嗎？Are there any questions? // Any questions? 2.還有問題嗎？Have you any other questions to ask? 3.你們還有別的問題要問嗎？Is there anything else you want to ask? 4.誰還有問題要問？ Does anyone else have any questions to ask? 5.你們還有什么不明白的嗎？Is there anything which you don’t understand? 6.我把各點(diǎn)都講清楚了嗎？Did I make everything clear? 7.也許你沒有搞清我的意思，我再說一遍 I’m afraid you didn’t quite catch my meaning.I’ll say it once more.布置作業(yè) Homework 1.今天我講給你們兩份作業(yè)，復(fù)習(xí)上周的語法，并寫出這個(gè)故事的摘要 I’m giving you two sets of homework today.Review last week’s grammar, and write a summary of this story.2.今天的作業(yè)是：用黑板上的單詞造句，背誦課文，做第54頁上的練習(xí)For today’s homework, make sentences with the words on the blackboard, learn the text by heart and do the exercises on page 54.3.你們的家庭作業(yè)是：仔細(xì)復(fù)習(xí)課文，準(zhǔn)備口頭回答問題 For your homework, review the text carefully and be prepared to answer questions orally.4.熟讀課文。星期三有一個(gè)測驗(yàn) Learn the text thoroughly.You will be given a quiz on Wednesday.5.這次作業(yè)是給你的朋友寫封英文信，談?wù)勀愕膶W(xué)校生活 For your homework, write an English letter to a friend, telling him about your life at school.6.今天沒有筆頭作業(yè)，星期五我們要做口頭練習(xí)。No written work for today.We’ll have oral drill on Friday.7.熟讀今天教的單詞，必須掌握拼寫方法、發(fā)音和詞義 Learn the new words taught today.Be sure that you know their spelling, pronunciation and meaning.8.你們做作業(yè)前必須復(fù)習(xí)今天所學(xué)的功課 You must review today’s lesson before doing your homework.9.把下列單詞抄寫在本子上 Copy the following words in your exercise book.10.把第二段課文背下來 Learn the second paragraph by heart.評(píng)語 Comment 1.從語法上來看，這句話不錯(cuò)，但它不太符合英語的習(xí)慣 Grammatically, it is all right, but it is not quite idiomatic.2.這個(gè)句子不合語法 This sentence is grammatically wrong.3.你的回答不很切題 Your answer is not quite to the point.4.這學(xué)期你的英語進(jìn)步很大 Your English has improved greatly this term.5.你現(xiàn)在比以前說的更流利了 You can speak English more fluently now.6.你考試剛剛及格 You just managed to pass the exam.7.你學(xué)習(xí)不夠努力。你必須更努力些 You did not work hard enough.You must strive to work harder.8.你期末考試很差 You did very poorly in the final exam.9.我希望你們再接再厲 I hope you’ll persist in your efforts.考試 examination 1.把名字寫在試卷上 Put your name on our examination paper.2.交卷前仔細(xì)把試卷檢查一遍 Go over your papers carefully before you hand them in.3.補(bǔ)考將在下學(xué)期開學(xué)初舉行 The make-up exam will be at the beginning of the next term.4.你的英語要補(bǔ)考 You will have to take a make-up exam in English.5.你們許多人都考得很好 Many of you got good marks.下課 end of the class 1.今天的課就到這里 That’s all for today.2.休息時(shí)間到了 It’s time for break/recess.3.時(shí)間到了 Our time is up.4.現(xiàn)在我們休息一下 Now let’s have a break.5.我們休息10分鐘 Let’s rest for 10 minutes.6.課上完了 The lesson is over.7.下課 Class is over/ dismissed.

第三篇：英語語法總結(jié)

小 學(xué) 英 語 語 法 總 結(jié) 1

一、名詞:

1、專有名詞：（1）人名（2）街道和建筑（3）星期月份節(jié)日（3）國家城市（4）大洲大洋江湖

2、普通名詞：（1）直接加s（2）以s x ch sh結(jié)尾的+es（3）以 y結(jié)尾的把y 改成 i+es（4）o結(jié)尾的+es特

殊的photo→photos tomato→tomatoes（5）f、fe結(jié)尾的改 f、fe為 v+es ,⑹oo 結(jié)尾+szoo-zoos⑺ woman→women，child-children⑻ 單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式相同

3、可數(shù)名詞：

4、不可數(shù)名詞：⑴不能加s⑵前面不能用 a,an,可以用 the⑶一類事物不可數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)⑷兩

類以上不可數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)⑸ a cup of tea5、名詞的所有格：⑴單數(shù)名詞詞尾+’s⑵詞尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾+’s⑶詞尾是s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾+’⑷店鋪教

堂某人的家時(shí)，所有格’s后面通常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞⑸分別+’s，最后一個(gè)人名+’s⑹ of用在沒有生命上，’s用在有生命上

二、冠詞：

6、不定冠詞 a an7、定冠詞 the ⑴特定人或物⑵用于上文提到的人或事⑶世上獨(dú)一無二的事物⑷形容詞前⑸序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)⑹由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前⑺樂器⑻姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前：一家人⑼ only very same前

8、不用定冠詞的情況：⑴國家地名人名⑵復(fù)數(shù)名詞⑶季節(jié)月份星期⑷三餐球類娛樂運(yùn)動(dòng)

三、代詞

9、人稱代詞

10、物主代詞⑴形容性物主代詞my his her our their ⑵名詞性物主代詞mine his ours them11、反身代詞myself12、指示代詞thisthesethatthose13、疑問代詞whowhomwhosewhichwhat14、不定代詞⑴some,any,no修飾可數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞。Some肯定句any否定和疑問 no 用在肯定句中表示否定⑵many,much,a few,a little,few,little ⑶-body,-one,-thing.everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody,everyone,someone,anyone,no one,everything,something,anything,nothing.四、形容詞

15形容詞種類和位置

16形容詞比較等級(jí)及構(gòu)成：⑴以e結(jié)尾+er,+est.⑵以y結(jié)尾→ier→iest⑶重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的雙寫詞尾+er,+est.⑷兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上音節(jié)的詞前+more+most.17形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法：⑴兩者比較：s+形容詞原形+as⑵兩者比較：容詞比較級(jí)+than⑶三個(gè)比較：the+最高級(jí)+

范圍

五、副詞

18副詞種類和位置

19副詞比較等級(jí)及構(gòu)成 badly-worse-worst,much-more-must

20副詞比較等級(jí)的用途

六、數(shù)詞

21基數(shù)詞:100,a/one handred101one handred and one,4000 four thousand1000000(一百萬)one million 1000000000

(十億)one billion

22序數(shù)詞

23時(shí)刻表示法⑴5:30 five thirty或 half past five

⑵9:05 nine five或five past nine⑶6:50six fifth或ten to seven

⑷7:15 a quarter past seven或seven fifteen⑸8:45 a quarter to nine或eight forth-five 24日期表示法⑴2009年6月2日J(rèn)une 2nd,2009或2nd of June ,2009英語里面：月 日 年

⑵1995年 nineteenninety-five

1826年eigteen oh six

⑶5月8日寫May 8th讀May the eighth或May eight

小 學(xué) 英 語 語 法 總 結(jié) 2

⑷9月1日寫September 21(st)讀September the twenty-firstSeptember 或 twenty-one

25數(shù)詞其他幾種用法⑴1／3 one third2/5 two fifths

⑵21.6 twenty-one point six0.008 zero point zero zero eigth

⑶5%five percent0.8%zero point eight percent

⑷一倍once兩倍twice六倍six times

⑸第503房間Room 50315美元15dollors=＄1英鎊1pound=￡

七、介詞

26時(shí)間介詞:at, on ,in, before, after, from, during

27方位介詞:on ,in, over, under, behind ,infront of,near,among

28其他一些常見介詞用法:by,in,for,of,about,like,with

八、連詞和感嘆詞

29連詞:and, but, or, becausealthough/though,both……and,not only……but also,neither……nor既不……也不

（并列）either……or或者．．．．．或者（選擇）

30感嘆詞

九、動(dòng)詞

31動(dòng)詞種類⒈及物動(dòng)詞直接接賓語。

2不及物動(dòng)詞不直接接賓語。

3助動(dòng)詞：do , does,did.4.系動(dòng)詞be,（am,is,are）look(看起來)smell(聞起來)get（變得）become（成為）seem（似乎）turn

（變成）

5情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can,may,must,will,shall,should,need

32動(dòng)詞基本形式

十、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去

完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)共8個(gè)時(shí)態(tài))

33一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：⑴含有be動(dòng)詞（am is are）⑵不含有be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞用三單、疑問句Do、Does，否定句don’t、doesn’t 34一般過去時(shí)：⑴含有be動(dòng)詞(was were)⑵不含有be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，疑問句Did否定句didn’t+yesterday… 35一般將來時(shí):⑴主語+be（am is are）going to do⑵主語+will+動(dòng)詞原形 ⑶主語+shall+動(dòng)詞原形+tomorrow過去將來時(shí):⑴主語+(was were)+動(dòng)詞原形⑵主語+would+動(dòng)詞原形

36現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):⑴主語+be（am is are）+ 動(dòng)詞ing

37過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：⑴主語+be（werewas）+ 動(dòng)詞ing

38現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：主語+havehas+動(dòng)詞過去分詞 since,過去完成時(shí):主語+had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞

十一、陳述句

39陳述句的分類

十二、疑問句

40一般疑問句

41特殊疑問句:what,whose,who,which,when,where ,why,how(tall, old, long, many, much)

42選擇疑問句，反義疑問句

十三、祈使句

十四、感嘆句

1．What+a +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語

2．How+形容詞+主語+謂語

3．How+ 副詞+主語+謂語

十五、There be ：There is,There are

第四篇：初一英語語法總結(jié)

初一英語語法總結(jié)

在我們身邊，經(jīng)常會(huì)看到學(xué)生為語法感到頭疼的現(xiàn)象，中學(xué)階段的學(xué)生經(jīng)常說語法太難了,語法對(duì)于很多初中學(xué)生來說簡直是一片空白,如果不懂得語法就沒辦法翻譯,更談不上對(duì)篇章的理解了。下面是小編給大家匯總的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。

一、詞法

1、名詞

A)、名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：

一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八)單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員

九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

十一)單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二)特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B)名詞的格

當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：

一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)

三)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)’s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

2、代詞

項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞

人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性

第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself

復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves

第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself

復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves

第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself

he him his his himself it it its its this that itself

復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves

3、動(dòng)詞

A)第三人稱單數(shù)

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下：

一)一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes 五)特殊的有：are-is, have-has

B)現(xiàn)在分詞

當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：

一)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、形容詞的級(jí)

我們在對(duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：

一)一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest

二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier

sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四)特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))

good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worstlittle-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、數(shù)詞(基變序，有規(guī)則;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、句式

1.陳述句

肯定陳述

a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)

b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)

c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)

d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)

e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))

否定陳述句

a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)

2.祈使句

肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!

c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?

肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句

① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?

⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.問電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、時(shí)態(tài)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：

Be 動(dòng)詞：She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞：They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.曬課網(wǎng)小編小結(jié)：語法在英語學(xué)習(xí)中很重要難度也很大，如果是針對(duì)中考或者高考的話，語法是很基礎(chǔ)的東西，首先單選的二十道題都是考察語法點(diǎn)的，其次改錯(cuò)部分也是針對(duì)語法錯(cuò)誤的改錯(cuò)，寫作的話寫作也是基礎(chǔ)，你要會(huì)用定語從句寫句子肯定要比一個(gè)用倆簡單句寫句子的人得分高。其次閱讀的部分，文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些長難句，要通過分析句子成分來找中心意思，句子分析這不就是語法的內(nèi)容么，語法是整個(gè)英語的基礎(chǔ)。

第五篇：初中英語語法總結(jié)

初中英語語法總結(jié)

一、初中英語語法總結(jié)之八種時(shí)態(tài)

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

表示平時(shí)經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，描述平時(shí)所處的狀態(tài)，表達(dá)平時(shí)存在的特征、有規(guī)律的狀態(tài)等。

Eg.I drink water every day.我每天都喝水。（習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作）

Eg.She has a beautiful sister.她有一個(gè)漂亮的姐姐。（平時(shí)的特征）Eg.The moon goes around the earth.月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。（規(guī)律的狀態(tài)）

2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。經(jīng)常用到的結(jié)構(gòu)有be doing sth.常和now, look, listen這些詞連用。

Eg.She is dancing.她正在跳舞。

3.一般過去時(shí)

由謂語動(dòng)詞的過去式表示，也就是說動(dòng)詞詞末要加-ed(除不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞外)。常和一般過去時(shí)連用的過去時(shí)間狀語有：last night(week ,month , year , century , etc.), yesterday ,yesterday morning(afternoon , evening), in 1999 , two hours ago等等。

4.一般將來時(shí)

顧名思義，表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或計(jì)劃。結(jié)構(gòu)有主語+will+動(dòng)詞原形和主語+be going to do。

Eg.I will go to the zoo in this weekend.這個(gè)周末我將要去動(dòng)物園。Eg.Lisa is going to have dinner.莉莎馬上要吃晚飯了。

5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

表示過去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。Eg.I have watched that movie.我已經(jīng)看過那部電影了。

6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的事情或動(dòng)作。結(jié)構(gòu)是was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞。Eg.What was he doing at home last night? 昨天晚上他在家干什么？

7.過去將來時(shí)

表示過去的某時(shí)以后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

Eg.He didn't expect that we would all be there.他沒料到我們會(huì)全在那兒。

8.過去完成時(shí)

表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，也就是“過去的過去”。主要結(jié)構(gòu)是助動(dòng)詞 had +過去分詞，had 通用于各種人稱。

Eg.She had finished writing the report by 9：00 this morning.今天早晨9點(diǎn)之前，她已經(jīng)寫完了報(bào)告。

二、初中英語語法總結(jié)之三種從句

1.賓語從句

在復(fù)合句中，由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)賓語，這個(gè)句子叫做賓語從句。賓語從句主要有三種類型，分別是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句、if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓從、連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。常見的賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞：that、if、whether、what、who、where、why和how。

Eg.I am sad that you refused me.我很難過你拒絕了我。

2.定語從句

定語從句在中考和高考中出現(xiàn)的頻率都非常高。在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that,which,who（賓格whom，所有格whose）,as 等，關(guān)系副詞包括where,when,why等。

Eg.Lily likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。

3.狀語從句 狀語從句就是由一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)狀語。所以狀語從句又可以分為時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句等等。每種狀語從句都有特定的引導(dǎo)詞： 地點(diǎn)狀語從句：where,wherever 時(shí)間狀語從句：when, while, as, before, until, till, since 原因狀語從句：because, since,as, now that, not that…, but that…, seeing that, considering that, in that 目的狀語從句：so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that, in case,for fear that,lest 結(jié)果狀語從句：so...that, such that, so that, with the result that 條件狀語從句：if,unless,if only,only if,in case,suppose/supposing(that),provided/providing(that),on condition that,so/as long as 方式狀語從句：as, as if, as though 讓步狀語從句：though, although, as, even if, even though, whether, no matter whether...or, no matter with 比較狀語從句：as...as, not as/so...as, than, the more...the more...三、初中英語語法總結(jié)之兩種語態(tài)

在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，主語后面接人（be +動(dòng)詞原型），被動(dòng)語態(tài)（be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞）。在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，主語是謂語動(dòng)詞的使動(dòng)方。在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，主語是謂語動(dòng)詞的受動(dòng)方。學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不僅要知道被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種語法結(jié)構(gòu)，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

四、初中英語語法總結(jié)之易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

1.this和that是指示代詞，it是人稱代詞。

2.this, that, these和those是指示代詞，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。

3.英語中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞，它們的首字母必須大寫，并且前面無需用冠詞。

4.不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，用時(shí)只當(dāng)單數(shù)詞用；可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。5.以when提問,“什么時(shí)候”可以是較長的時(shí)間段，也可以是較短的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

語法英語的學(xué)習(xí)看起來很枯燥，但只要掌握初中英語學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律，初中英語語法也可以學(xué)得很有趣?？焓詹亟裉斓某踔杏⒄Z語法總結(jié)吧，期末考試一定能用得上！