第一篇：2014年5月 人事部二級口譯真題(回憶版+兩篇原題)

2014年5月 人事部二級口譯真題（回憶版+兩篇原題）

第一篇（英漢）美國鼓勵中國公司在美投資(待更新)

Seminar

The United States is open to new ideas, products and innovations.We offer strong intellectual property rights protection, open capital markets and a predictable and transparent legal system.美國對新想法、產(chǎn)品和創(chuàng)新是開放的。我們提供強(qiáng)有力的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)、開放的資本市場以及一個可預(yù)見的、透明的法律體系。

第二篇（英漢）GDP should not be the focus of development(原題來自中國日報)

The constant scrutiny by Wall Street and policy makers of countries' GDP growth can distort development incentives and result in disastrous unintended consequences.Clearly, for a country to prosper, sufficient economic activity must be generated in order to employ greater numbers of people and to improve the overall standard of living for society.However, GDP was developed as a measure decades ago, and it has many shortcomings that can make it a poor measure of quality of life.Instead, economists and policy makers should focus on other indicators and develop new models for measuring a country's development progress which is possible with today's technology and big data.GDP is the sum of all the financial transactions for products and services within a country's borders.The first problem with this measure is that with many companies operating in multiple countries, the profits that accrue do not necessarily stay within a country's borders.In fact, arguably a majority of the profits of multinational firms flows back to the country of origin so that even if China's consumers spend a great deal in China, a large percentage of those profits will not accrue to anyone in China but to foreigners instead.For instance, Nike may hire Chinese workers to produce its shoes, have stores in China to sell its products, and only Chinese people buy from those stores.In essence, 90 percent of the economic activity happens in China and gets recorded in China's GDP.However, the majority of the profits of Nike goes back to the owners in the United States even if none of the economic activity happens in the United States.The national wealth measure is distorted because it would seem that China is getting richer and the United States is getting poorer when the exact opposite is true.Secondly, GDP does not show distribution of income.A company that creates a lot of income from production does not show how that income is being distributed.We know that the majority of profits accrue to very few individuals and that the income inequality is wide in China.A focus on GDP can make matters worse since it can encourage more production by certain wealthy individuals who do not share their profits generously with their employees which will hinder healthy economic development.Another problem with GDP as a measure for economic progress is that it only captures financial transactions.When a parent takes his kid to watch a movie in a movie theater, that activity is captured in GDP.But when a parent takes the same kid to play soccer in a park, that activity is not captured in GDP.However, one can argue that going to the park to play soccer creates a better quality of life than going to the movies.The reasons are manifold: The parent can interact with the kid more directly;the kid gets more exercise;the parent and kid get fresh air;the parent and kid

can make more friends playing soccer, etc.Thus, if the focus becomes overwhelmingly on GDP growth, policy makers would have more incentives to create more movie theaters than public parks and the quality of life for that society can go down as a result.Of course, policy makers need to create the conditions for job growth and wealth accumulation in order for a society to raise its standard of living, and GDP growth can serve as a rough measuring stick.After all, what good is a public park if people are too poor to feed their kids? Movie theaters employ more people.This argument is certainly attractive except that the argument creates a false dichotomy.Policy makers don't have a choice simply between parks and movie theaters.There are actually infinite combinations of how policy makers can help foster more jobs and also improve the quality of life even if the GDP is not growing as fast.For example, a city can build a park in which it hires people to keep the park clean.It can also have concession stands so that people can buy snacks at the park.It can have a stage where different groups perform in the park and charge admission.It can have a beautiful garden that attracts many tourists who will be willing to pay admission to see it.The park can raise the rents and prices of surrounding office buildings and homes.All these benefits will come and raise the quality of life for the residents in the area, but the GDP will be sacrificed in the short run because these revenue streams and job growth will happen over a longer period of time than the building of a large movie theater.The worst part about focusing on GDP is that it can actually create the conditions for a worse quality of life.The pollution that causes cancers, food poisoning, or birth defects actually adds to GDP growth because whenever people seek medical help and incur medical bills to pay for all these ailments, GDP grows.On the other hand, GDP doesn't grow if people remain healthy and don't seek medical help.Obviously, it is much better to have a healthier, cleaner society, but that can be at odds with creating higher GDP growth.In summary, GDP can be used as a guidepost, but it should be considered alongside other factors and indicators that are important to developing a strong and desirable nation.Other measurements that should be allotted more room include the gross national product that allocates production based on ownership as opposed to location, the happiness index which measures satisfaction with life, median income rather than average income, air quality index, pollution index, and life expectancy.Furthermore, with the rise of big data, it is now possible to come up with algorithms that can further capture other nuances associated with a healthy economy.GDP has been relied upon because it is fast and easy to gather that data and make simple comparisons across countries.But because of its many shortcomings, policy makers would achieve their development goals faster if they used other metrics to measure their progress.第三篇（漢英）孔子學(xué)院的建立(待更新)

目前已覆蓋五大洲的120個國家和地區(qū)，孔子學(xué)院440所，孔子課堂646個，總數(shù)超過1000個?？鬃訉W(xué)院從無到有，從小到大，辦學(xué)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大，辦學(xué)質(zhì)量日益提高，為滿足各國民眾學(xué)習(xí)漢語的需要，增進(jìn)中外人民之間的了解和友誼作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。

中美兩國人民了解和學(xué)習(xí)對方的語言文化，有助于增進(jìn)中美兩國人民相互了解和友誼，推動中美關(guān)系發(fā)展。希望中美雙方有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)密切合作，切實(shí)辦好貴校的孔子學(xué)院，為推動中美教育文化交流、促進(jìn)中美關(guān)系發(fā)展作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。

第四篇（漢英）信息與網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全(原題來自新華網(wǎng))http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2011-10/21/c_122181867.htm

信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間安全是當(dāng)前國際社會面臨的重大非傳統(tǒng)安全挑戰(zhàn)，如何應(yīng)對已成為國際安全的重要內(nèi)容和多邊軍控外交的重大課題。他呼吁國際社會攜手構(gòu)建和平、安全、公正的信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間。信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展和廣泛應(yīng)用，極大推動了當(dāng)代經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展和人類文明進(jìn)步，并正深刻改變著人們的生活和社會運(yùn)行方式。信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)已成為國家的重要關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)互通的特性及信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間潛在的多元風(fēng)險和威脅來源，使各國在享受信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)便利的同時，增加了安全上的脆弱性。他指出，近年來，中國除了自身信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的脆弱性外，遭受來自境外的各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊日益突出，給中國帶來巨大損失。在此方面，中國已成為世界上的主要受害國之一。他說：“我們深深地體會到，信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)彼此相聯(lián)，使得各國更加成為安危與共、誰也離不開誰的‘命運(yùn)共同體’。維護(hù)信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間安全不僅是維護(hù)一國的安全，而是維護(hù)國際社會的共同安全。

國際社會以“命運(yùn)共同體”的新視角，同舟共濟(jì)，共同致力于構(gòu)建一個和平、安全、公的信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，并遵循和平、主權(quán)、統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)信息自由流動與安全流動、合作及公平發(fā)展等五大原則。

國際社會應(yīng)積極開展預(yù)防性外交，推動信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)用于促進(jìn)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人類福祉，維護(hù)國際和平、穩(wěn)定與安全。他呼吁各國承諾不利用信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)實(shí)施敵對行動，制造對國際和平和安全的威脅；不擴(kuò)散信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)武器及相關(guān)技術(shù)。他說，各國有權(quán)利和責(zé)任根據(jù)其相關(guān)法律法規(guī)保護(hù)其信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間及關(guān)鍵信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，使之免遭威脅、干擾、攻擊和破壞，并應(yīng)努力避免信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間成為新戰(zhàn)場，防止信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間軍備競賽；通過對話方式和平解決有關(guān)爭端。

主權(quán)國家是有效實(shí)施國際信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間治理的主體。各國應(yīng)在信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間采取負(fù)責(zé)任和建設(shè)性的行動，加強(qiáng)有效管理，多管齊下，努力建立起完善法律規(guī)范、行業(yè)自律、安全保障和社會教育等方面相結(jié)合的綜合管理體系，還應(yīng)避免信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為干涉別國內(nèi)政的新工具。

各國應(yīng)充分尊重各利益攸關(guān)方在信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的權(quán)利和自由，同時遵循法治的原則，以有效維護(hù)信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的秩序。他還說，信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間需要各國同舟共濟(jì)，通過進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)國際交流與合作共同應(yīng)對。他呼吁發(fā)達(dá)國家?guī)椭鷱V大發(fā)展中國家提高信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)能力和技術(shù)，彌合數(shù)字鴻溝，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)公平和普遍發(fā)展。

第二篇：口譯真題

2011-5

5月8日上午中級口譯

口語話題：住在大城市的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

英譯漢：中美文化差異亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇 漢譯英：入住和平酒店（口譯教程篇章）中非合作友好關(guān)系

5月8日下午中級口譯

口語話題：Can classroom teaching be replaced by guided learning through the Internet? 英譯漢：艾滋哀之（教程重點(diǎn)篇章）倫敦的介紹，倫敦的人口和占地面積，是活生生的博物館

漢譯英：健康話題，要均衡膳食，戒掉酗酒、吸煙的壞毛病，讓身體與事業(yè)雙豐收

云南旅游，介紹云南風(fēng)土人情

5月15日上午中級口譯

口語話題：Are you Happy?

英譯漢：職業(yè)生涯 Advice for young singers and song writers

Mutual Relation between U.S.and China 中美關(guān)系已經(jīng)考了兩周，后面的同學(xué)注意了啊。漢譯英：開學(xué)典禮講話江西旅游

5月15日下午中級口譯

口語話題：Lifelong education

英譯漢：儀式講話 中美關(guān)系科技與發(fā)展 漢譯英：旅游及其意義待客禮儀（難度偏大）

5月22日上午中級口譯

口語話題：失物招領(lǐng)公司應(yīng)該免費(fèi)還是要價？

英譯漢：英語學(xué)習(xí)中美關(guān)系（連續(xù)三周考到了。）

漢譯英：五一勞動節(jié)演講（口譯教程篇章）

中國文化遺產(chǎn)概況（這幾周的考試真是把旅游話題進(jìn)行到底了。）

5月22日下午中級口譯

口語話題：在國家博物館前放孔子雕塑是否合適？

英譯漢：人格尊嚴(yán)國際抗貧困大會 漢譯英：外國人到中國投資中國人通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)參政監(jiān)督

2010-5

5月9日上午，中級，上海：

世博會Expo

1.the history of expo and the significance of Shanghai 2010 expo

2.what attracts you most, cultural activities, the pavilion…

英譯漢：中非關(guān)系美國人喜歡獨(dú)居 漢譯英：斯坦佛大學(xué)介紹西方文化影響

5月9日下午，中級，上海：

地震之后：1，官方數(shù)據(jù)，死傷人數(shù)是多少？

2，地震發(fā)生后的救災(zāi)措施3，捐贈行動

英譯漢：中英關(guān)系美國獨(dú)立日晚宴祝詞 漢譯英：演講文化的三個層次

5月15日下午，中級，南京：

making a new living：new occupation

driver instructor等現(xiàn)象愈發(fā)熱門，第三產(chǎn)業(yè)日益發(fā)展

英譯漢：股票交易市場（教程篇章）文化交流論壇發(fā)言 漢譯英：大學(xué)精神改善生存環(huán)境

5月16日上午，中級，上海：

普通話與方言

英譯漢：美國和中國教師與教育事業(yè)

漢譯英：關(guān)于上海環(huán)境保護(hù)

5月16日下午，中級，上海：

Should living skills training become compulsory in schools? 生存技能訓(xùn)練對在校學(xué)生是否必須？ 英譯漢：大學(xué)的職能與發(fā)展，對社會貢獻(xiàn)

美國老人和孩子一起生活的問題、原因

漢譯英：世博會女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的優(yōu)勢

5月23日上午，中級，上海：

行人與駕車者的道路權(quán)孰大

英譯漢：美國獨(dú)居老人的問題飛速變化的世界對人們的影響

漢譯英：中國人在春節(jié)期間的活動（選自課本）上海的介紹（涉及到上海博物館以及東方明珠電視塔）

5月23日下午，中級，上海：

老師補(bǔ)課賺外快合法嗎？

英譯漢：喬布斯的演講，Stay hungry, stay foolish

探月工程

漢譯英：春節(jié)的來歷

華東進(jìn)出口商品交易會

2010-11

11月14日上午的中口口語話題：

如何解決大城市的交通擁堵問題。

英譯漢第一篇：美國的旅游和交通

口譯教程上有一篇很相似的內(nèi)容，在課堂上也講解過。

英譯漢第二篇：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和人民的關(guān)系

這是以往不太出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容，值得之后的考生特別關(guān)注。

漢譯英第一篇：上海菜

口譯教程上有相似話題的內(nèi)容，課堂講義里也有類似關(guān)于飲食的練習(xí)。

漢譯英第二篇：08年抗震救災(zāi)和北京奧運(yùn)

抗震救災(zāi)話題與事實(shí)相結(jié)合，口譯考試從來不拒絕熱點(diǎn)。北京奧運(yùn)在課堂講義里有相關(guān)專題，真題也進(jìn)行過練習(xí)。希望大家有好的發(fā)揮。

11月14日下午的中口口語話題：

The high-speed rail in china。又是當(dāng)前的熱點(diǎn)話題。還沒考的童鞋們關(guān)注了啊。

英譯漢第一篇：car rental services in USA

此篇出自中級口譯教程 4-1行在美國。在課堂上練習(xí)過，也作為回家作業(yè)做過。說的是去美國旅行的一些建議：不要買車而是租車。因為美國是世界上租車業(yè)最發(fā)達(dá)的國家。有美國的兩大汽車巨頭在各機(jī)場設(shè)有辦公樓，其他地方城市其他的美國租車公司有設(shè)辦事處。

英譯漢第二篇：economic recovery

主要說最近經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇，亞洲遙遙領(lǐng)先遠(yuǎn)超過歐洲的恢復(fù)速度，特別是中國和印度更是復(fù)蘇的領(lǐng)頭羊。美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)有望借復(fù)蘇的勢頭來年恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，但還存在一些潛在的風(fēng)險。

漢譯英第一篇：京河高科技園區(qū)簡介

此篇出自中級口譯教程 2-4 參觀訪問。其中涉及到“走馬觀花”這樣的四字格，“背靠渤?！边@樣地理方位的描述。雖然在課堂上作為回家作業(yè)讓同學(xué)做過，但沒有充分準(zhǔn)備的話，依然會覺得難度較大。漢譯英第二篇：上海世博會

上下午的考題一對比，大家讀出些什么訊息了么？上午和下午都統(tǒng)一考到了美國交通和旅行的狀況。記得五月份的某一次二階段考試，上下午都考到了中國傳統(tǒng)文化的內(nèi)容。也許是巧合，但每一次巧合背后會有一定的道理。正在備戰(zhàn)的聰明的你們，知道怎么做了？

11月21日中級口譯口試

英譯漢第一篇：商務(wù)洽談此篇出自中級口譯教程 3-3 合資企業(yè)。

英譯漢第二篇：志愿者活動看來命題者深受“小白菜”們的影響。

漢譯英第一篇：來滬工作

此篇出自中級口譯教程 3-1 歡迎光臨。涉及reception and ceremonial speech的內(nèi)容。漢譯英第二篇：中日關(guān)系緊跟時事的節(jié)拍，值得后面的考生注意。

11月28日上午的口語題：

Competition: a good thing or a bad thing?

英譯漢第一篇： the differences in work ethics between the Chinese and Americans.改編自《中級口譯教程》3-4 文化差異

英譯漢第二篇：knowledge-based economy

難度較大。講的是知識經(jīng)濟(jì)時代，要求年輕人有長遠(yuǎn)的眼光，開放的頭腦，善于發(fā)揮自己的潛力。知識經(jīng)濟(jì)的特點(diǎn)之一是創(chuàng)新。創(chuàng)新不僅意味著創(chuàng)造知識，而且要運(yùn)用這些知識。

漢譯英第一篇：吸引外資

改編自《中級口譯教程》2-4 參觀訪問。在課堂講義的第一單元后面作為回家作業(yè)要求大家完成的。漢譯英第二篇：世博與旅游

主要內(nèi)容說世博和旅游歷來是相互結(jié)合，相互促進(jìn)的。成功舉辦世博會是黨和人民賦予旅游業(yè)的歷史使命和光榮任務(wù)。世博近期還是熱點(diǎn)話題。上幾周的考試也考過。

11月28日下午口試：

先給了一段文章，大意是 One Foundation Report from Beijing Normal University on philanthropy and charitable course in China.話題是 Should there be a minimum for billionaires’ donations?英譯漢第一篇：entrepreneurial culture

整段難度非常大。很多同學(xué)一上來都懵了。其實(shí)此段改編自《中級口譯教程》13-1 企業(yè)文化。英譯漢第二篇：global food crisis

現(xiàn)在全球糧食危機(jī)嚴(yán)重，超乎我們的想象。商品價格飆漲，糧食價格高。貧困人群尤其是兒童營養(yǎng)狀況堪憂。整段難度不大，但同學(xué)收到上一段的打擊，加之這段三個數(shù)字的口譯，總體不太理想。

漢譯英第一篇：如何教育青少年

典型的青少年教育話題，難度一般。一方面父母期望過高，另一方面網(wǎng)絡(luò)科技的發(fā)展容易引發(fā)青少年犯罪問題。青少年的健康成長需要家庭、學(xué)校和全社會的共同努力。

漢譯英第二篇：中美合作關(guān)系

典型的雙邊關(guān)系話題，套句很多。經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練的同學(xué)一定能順利通過。主要講中美兩國是具有影響力的國家。兩國有廣泛的共同利益和合作基礎(chǔ)。兩國的建設(shè)性合作關(guān)系符合兩國人民的根本利益，有利于世界的和平、穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展。

總體感受：

口語部分雖不是最關(guān)鍵的，但良好的intonation以及流利度會給考官極好的印象。后面的口譯打分自然就會有偏向，也許不及格的句子會偏向及格。

得教程者得天下。尤其是英譯漢第一段基本都來自教程。而順利拿到英譯漢第一段是對士氣的很大鼓舞。把講過的內(nèi)容記熟且流暢地表達(dá)出來就已經(jīng)很好了。進(jìn)考場前問問自己是不是已經(jīng)把筆記的重要詞組都口頭過了一遍。

時事需關(guān)注，出題有時候有滯后效應(yīng)。比如世博還是考了。上幾周還考到08奧運(yùn)和抗震救災(zāi)。關(guān)注時事，同時善于思考，多開口討論。

2009-11

11月8日上午，中級，上海：

The 60th anniversary of the founding of the New China.英譯漢：硅谷中非關(guān)系 漢譯英：旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展和前景氣功和瑜伽

11月8日下午，中級，上海：

博物館是否應(yīng)該免費(fèi)開放

英譯漢：硅谷（教程篇章）來賓到中國訪問，對中國有深厚感情 漢譯英：中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日（春節(jié)，元宵節(jié)，端午節(jié)和中秋節(jié)）住房的問題

11月15日上午，中級，上海：

Can foreign language skills help government's image? 公務(wù)員是否要學(xué)外語

英譯漢：中國經(jīng)濟(jì)上取得的成就第九屆上海國際高科技博覽會開幕

漢譯英：中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系

11月15日下午，中級，上海：

Is drunk driving a felony?

漢譯英：企業(yè)文化對酒精與死亡的研究，醉酒駕駛等

漢譯英：改革開放與民生大會發(fā)言，中西經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展

11月22日上午，中級，上海：

Should we resume the use of traditional character?

英譯漢：中美交通上海發(fā)展 漢譯英：中非合作高峰論壇世界無煙日

11月28日下午，中級，南京：

參加高考人數(shù)減少，高考制度的改革

英譯漢：在美國買便宜貨是樂趣，商場各季大甩賣云南少數(shù)民族文化的調(diào)研

漢譯英：中國醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生信息體制，國有私有醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)做法的不同樂山大佛

11月29日下午，中級，寧波：

Will ID cell phone purchases reduce junk messages? 手機(jī)實(shí)名制對減少垃圾短信是否有益處？

英譯漢：企業(yè)核心價值體系（教程篇章）氣候變化

漢譯英：松江新城投資洽談會國家郵政領(lǐng)域改革

第三篇：口譯真題

09年春季上海外語口譯考試中級口譯筆譯真題

Part A: Spot Dictation

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it.Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape.Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.You might think that hamburgers were invented in the United States, but that is not totally true.These________(1), or patties, actually came from Germany in the middle of the nineteenth century.They were brought to the United States by________(2)who came from the city of Hamburg.That is why ________(3)was “hamburger steak' However, people in other place________(4)that 'they invented the hamburger.Perhaps we'll never have a ________(5).the there's no question that the hamburger was a________(6).Why? Perhaps because at that time, industry was growing and a kind of food was need_________(7)for workers.The hamburger became even more popular_________(8)when the first chain of fast food restaurants was started.This chain was called “White Castle”.It served tiny hamburgers that were sold for only _________(9).Then, in the 1930s there came the _________(10)where customers were served in their cars by waiters in uniform.And the humburger was one of the most _________(11).By now, The hamburger was ready to_______(12)the world.And this happened with McDonald’s, which was actually a _________(13)at first.But by the early 1950s the hot dog was replaced by the hamburger.McDonald’s and other fast food restaurants ________(14)around the world throughout the rest of the twentieth century.McDonald’s alone has________(15)for everyone person in the world.The importance of the hamburger to _________(16)remains significant.About _______(17)of all sandwiches that are eaten are hamburgers.According to some sources,_________(18)of current workers in the United States had their first job at McDonald’s.But the face of the hamburger is changing _______(19).Nowadays it is possible to buy a chicken burger, a turkey burger, ________(20),or veggie burger.Part B: Listening Comprehension

1.Statements Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements.These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE and you will not find them written on the paper, so you must listen carefully.When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard.Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSER BOOKLET.l.(A)We were met by the head of the company at the airport.(B)We haw Mrs.Jones was the president of the company,.(C)Mrs.Jones used to be the secretary of the company(D)Mrs.Jones came to see us off at the airport., 2.(A)The board of directors asked about the changes.(B)The board 'of directors decided to invest more on the project.(C)The board of directors approved the revisions.(D)The board of directors could not understand her explanation.3.(A)Many university students prefer soft drinks to fresh fruits.(B)Most of them are first-or-second year college students(C)A number of college students refuse to disclose their identities(D)Not many students are interested in our research projects.4.(A)We decided to sell the car when the oil Prices rose.(B)We should not delay solving the problem of oil prices.(C)We were at a loss as to whether to buy that expensive car or not.(D)We didn't buy a car because of the floating oil prices.5.(A)Most of them are from low-income belies.(B)Most of them are in favor of a tax cut.(C)I know the Congress will veto the tax reform.(D)I propose the tax reform be debated in the Congress.6.(A)Effective self management skills are key to academic and career success.(B)If you spend a lot of time on your school work, you will become a good manager later(C)School work can be time-consuming and is likely to make you feel exhausted after class.(D)Good management calls for more time and energy on the part of the academic staff 7.(A)Mr.Paul White has just been fired.(B)Mr.Paul White has forgotten the woman's name.(C)Mr.Paul White is looking for a job.(D)Mr.Paul White has the woman Promoted.8.(A)I shall give you a discount(B)The crisis is affecting the Whole world.(C)I shall come in my Sunday best.(D)The price is still too high.9.(A)He finished the negotiation in three days.(B)He was on a business trip ten days ago.(C)His toughness cost him three more days.(D)His business trip lasted thirteen days.l0.(A)We are sure that our children will become positive members of the changing society.(B)Children with self esteem can make positive adjustment and achieve career success.(C)Personal goals can be reached with the help of parents who are competent members of the society(D)Parents with confidence will adapt themselves to the changes and accomplish personal goals.2.Talks and Conversations Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations.After each of these, you will hear after questions.Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE when you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question.Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Question8 11--14 l 1.(A)The products were all made from fresh vegetables and fruits(B)The homemade products were actually made in the factory

(C)The factory was equipped with the most sophisticated machinery(D)There were homemade fresh vegetables and fruits in the factory l2.(A)You are special.(B)You are natural.(C)You are stupid.(D)You are dumb l3.(A)To better explain how to use that product.(B)To help reduce the promotion cost of that product.(C)To induce more famous people to use that product.(D)To get TV viewers to remember that product.l4.(A)Be easily affected by other products.(B)Be aware of the same kind of product.(C)Stick to that particular product.-(D)Strike a bargain for other products.Questions 15--18 l5.(A)A flight over time zones.(B)A loss of one's characters.(C)A symptom of leg problems.(D)A condition of sleep disorders.l6.(A)Six hours.(B)Seven hours.(C)Eight hours(D)Nine hours.l7.(A)Avoid junk food, salty foods, caffeine and alcohol.(B)Drink as little water as possible between meals(C)Take drinks with less Sugar, carbonation or caffeine(D)Always have other fluid on the plane.l8.(A)Sleep as soon as possible.(B)Nap even during daytime.(C)Get a good night's sleep.(D)Relax yourself in a cafe.Questions 19--22 l9.(A)He is overweight.(B)He is seriously ill(C)He is down with cold.(D)He is hale and hearty 20.(A)Two(B)Ten.(C)twenty(D)Thirty 2l.(A)It is the best(B)It is nutritious.(C)It is not enough(D)It is no healthy.22.(A)the man is a heavy smoker(B)The man is rather short.'

(C)The man drives a car(D)The man works with a computer.'' Questions 23--26 23.(A)Chainman of the African Club.(B)Chainman of the International Club.(C)Chainman of the Irish Club.(D)Chainman of the Folk Music Club.24.(A)Once a week(B)Once a month(C)Once a semester(D)Once a year 25.(A)The minutes of the last meeting.(B)The treasurer's report.(C)The Scottish and Irish Folk Dances.(D)The International Display Week.26.(A)to help the students from the same countries overcome their homesickness and other problems.(B)To set up booths decorated with pictures and things of interest in the respective countries.(C)To recruit anyone who can sew to help make costumes so that every club member can wear their national costume.(D)To teach the American students Scottish and Irish folk dances during the special even of the display.Que8tions 27--30 27.(A)In Bath(B)In London.(C)In York(D)In the suburbs.28.(A)Students live in halls residence around the university buildings.(B)Students are encouraged to conduct their independent research project(C)Students first live in halls of residence and then are allowed to move out.(D)Students can share the common rooms with faculty members.29.(A)She couldn't find a room in the residential hall.(B)She could save money to pay for her studies.(C)She could mix well with the local people.(D)She could live in a comfortable house.30.(A)Give her some advice on how to strike a bargain.(B)Introduce her to the local people

(C)Help her with the volunteer work.(D)Show her around the ancient cathedral city Part C: Listening and Translation

1.Sentence Translation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English.You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE.After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(l)(2)(3)(4)(5)2.Passage Translation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English.You will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.You may take notes while you are listening.(1)

(2)SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS(45 minutes)Directions: In this section, you wiIl read several passages.Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content.You are to choose ONE best answer,(A),(B),(C)or(D), to each question.Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1--5 I came across an old country guide the other day.It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country,and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on one's own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural Eng1and might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors.Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression.Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, bul its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocer's shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town.Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news whi1e doing their shopping, instead of

queueing up anonymously at a supermarket.And the proprietor knows well that persona1 service has a substantial cash value.His Prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, bu he will deliver anything at any time.His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing.The more affluent customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour.They have only to hint at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer a red-faced figure, instantly obtains it for them..The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course.But I also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce.Most of the village shopkeepers I know, at any rate, are decidedly individualist in their ways.For example, our shoemaker is a formidable figure: a thick-set, irritable man whom children treat with marked respect, knowing that an ill-judged word can provoke an angry eruption at any time.He stares with contempt at the pairs of cheap, mass-produced shoes taken to him for repair: has it come to this, he seems to be saying, that he, a craftsman, should have to waste his skills upon such trash? But we all know he will in fact do excellent work upon them.And he makes beautiful shoes for those who can afford such luxury.1.The services available in villages nowadays are normally_________.(A)fewer but still very active(B)less successful than earlier but managing to survive(C)active in providing food for the village and tourists(D)surprisingly energetic considering the little demand for them 2.The local grocer’s shop is expanding even though________.(A)town shops are more attractive(B)town shops are larger and less well-known(C)people like to shop where they are less well-known(D)people get extra service in townshops 3.How do the village grocer’s assistants feel about delivering goods?(A)They tend to forget it.(B)They will not consider it.(C)They take it for granted.(D)It does not seem worth their while 4.Another aspect of personal service available in the village shop is that_________.(A)there is a wide range of goos available(B)goods not in stock can be obtained whenever they are needed(C)special attention is given to the needs of wealthier customers

(D)goods are always restocked before they run out 5.In what way is the village shoemaker a “formidable figure”?

(A)He seems to pay little attention to public opinion.(B)He refuses to mend cheap,mass-produced shoes.(C)He has a very rough temper.(D)He has very high standards of workmanship.Questions 6--10 Drivers on the Basingstoke by-pass used to have their attention diverted by a sign that read—A MOMENT'S INATTENTION CAUSES ACCIDENTS.This self-defeating warning has now been removed, but its message is still very much to the point.Almost anyting can cause an accident.Apart from momentary inattention, it might be a minor miscalculation, a sudden fit of coughing, a bop on the head with a teddy-bear from a child in the back seat, an argument with the wife, fog, falling asleep at the wheel, bad eyesight, a glaring sun, ice, rain, wind, or snow—a1l these can make the difference between a tragic hit and a lucky miss.Although human error plays its part, it is by no means the only cause of accidends.There must be some cause other than simple human error.Road construction plays its part: researchers have found that it is not at the obvious danger spot—sharp corners, cross-roads, narrow lanes—that accidents happen.It is on those roads where there are subtle visual traps, unexpected changes in the shape or surface of the.road, or even insufficient or badly-placed signs.Wherever there is a 'black spot', it means that something is seriously wrong with the road.Why else did the careless driving of so many come out at that particular spot? What the law requires when you have an accident There are, firstly the legal formalities of exchanging names and addresses with others involved in an accident and, in certain cases, informing the police.However, you are required by law to stop after an accident only if: l Somebody other than yourself in or outside your car has been injured.2 A vehicle not your own has been damaged.3 Any horse, cow,donkey,sheep, or dog has been injured.It has been said that if a driver continues unaware of causing injury he must be acquitted.But the courts are wary of that excuse.Furthermore, the driver himself must wait at the scene;it is not enough for him to leave his chauffeur or a friend to attend to the boring formalities while he goes off on more important business.If you have been involved in an accident and have stopped, you must give your name, address, and registration number to anyone who has a good reason for requesting it;this means anyone affected by the accident.If these formalities are complied with it is not necessary to wait for the arrival of the police.It is，however, often wise to do so.The police are expert at drawing plans, taking measurements and photographs and gathering other evidence.In your absence the police could be given a biased story against you;and you yourself migh wam to point out certain features of the accident to the police.6.A MOMENT'S INATTENTION CAUSES ACCIDENTS'(para.l)is a self defeating Warning because______.(A)it will make a driver wait at the scene(B)it will distract the driver's attention(C)it is too difficult to understand(D)it is too long to be read by drivers 7.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(A)After an accident you have to give your name to anyone who asks for it.(B)Drivers on the Basingstoke by-pass used to ignore the sign.(C)Road construction problems can be a major cause of accidents.(D)A 'black spot' is a part of the road where there are no signs.8.'Subtle visual traps'(para.3)are ______.(A)places where the police hide in order to trap motorists(B)parts of the road which are deceptive to the driver's eye

(C)danger spots such as sharp corners and cross-roads(D)places where there are man road-signs 9.As required by the law, you must stop after an accident, if ______.(A)you have been injured by somebody.(B)your car has been damaged.(C)you have injured somebody else(D)you have witnessed the accident l 0.After an accident it is recommended that you wait for the police because _________.(A)it is against the law to drive off(B)they have to examine your licence and insurance certificate(C)they have to noto the position of your car(D)somebody may give them a false account of the accident Questions 11--15 Just as word oil scarcity is already causing intemational conflicts, so will the scarcity of water reach a point where wars will break out.The statistics on water are already scary.Already well over l billion people suffer from water shortages and 30 countries get more than a third of their water from outside their

borders—an obvious source of disputes and instability especially as the climate changes.The whole of the sub-Saharan Africa, most of South Asia and western South America are most at risk.The reason: the rapid melting of glaciers due to global warning.At the meeting of the coalition of 27 Intemaional charities last month, Gareth Thomas, minister of Intenatonal Development of the British government, wrote to prime minister Gordon Brown demanding action to ensure fresh water to 1.1 billion people with poor supplies.”If we do not act now, the reality is that water supplies may become the subject of international conflict in the years ahead.We need to invest now to prevent us having to pay that price in the future“, Thomas said.The department warned that two-thirds of theword's population will live in water-stressed countries by 2025.The coalition of charities has appealed for a global effort to bring running water to the developing world and supply sanitation to a further 2.6 billion people.It said that international investment is needed now to prevent competition for water to destabilize communities and escalate into conflicts.Tackling the water and sanitation crisis is essential if the Millennium Development Goal Call to Action is to be a success.Otherwise, progress on health, education, and environment sustainability will be undermined.Each year 443 million school days are lost globally to diarrhea and 1.8 million children die from these diseases.In fact, it is often not realized tha investing in sanitation and water brillgs the greatest public health gains, more than any other single development intervention and delivers enormous economic

gains.Already, some Asian countries have put tackling these issues at the forefront of theirdevelopment efforts.The Millennium Development Goals aim to halve the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water by 20l5.To achieve that urgent action needs to be taken.There is no doubt that climate change is potentially the most important factor affecting water shor tage.This, compounded with a growing and increasingly urbanized global population will put pressure on food and water.For a temperature rise of 2°C, which is likely to happen by 2050, there would be a catastrophic 2 to 3 billion people suffering from water stress.11.What does the author think is primarily responsible for water shortages in the world ?(A)Climate chance.(B)Border dispute.(C)World competition.(D)Political instability 12.According to Gareth Thomas, _______ is the price we have to pay for water shortage if we do not take immediate action.(A)sanitation crisis(B)intemational conflict(C)global warming(D)over-urbanization 13.What can the coalition of charities do to prevent competition for water ?(A)Appealing for international investment.(B)Bringing running water to the developing world.(C)Supplying sanitation to billions of water-stressed people.(D)Enhancing world environment sustainability 13.The Millennium Development Goals aim to_______ in the near future.(A)tackle the water and sanitation crisis(B)yield economic gains as well as public health gains(C)mak progress on health, education and environment sustainability(D)provide more people with clean drinking water 15.According to the passage, what will add to water shortage ?(A)Oil scarcity.(B)A drop in temperature(C)A growing population.(D)Reduced food supply Questions 16.-20 Parenting was never a piece of cake in any age, but probably the greatest source of headache for parents today in Japan is the ubiquitous cellphone.Today, 96 percent of senior high school students and 58 percent of junior high school students have cellphones.Even among primary school children, 3l percent have them.By enabling youngsters to stay connected with their parents at all times, these gadgets help to keep children safe.For the kids, they are fun toys, too, that let them text to or chat with their pals whenever they wat, play Intemet games, and enjoy blogging for their own profile and diary purposes.But terrible dangers lurk beneath all that fun and convenience.Every year about l,000 children become involved in rape and other crimes through dating service sites.Violent and obscene images are only a couple of clicks away.On gakkoura saito, or so-called unofficial school websites where kids can post whatever they want, anyone can fall victim to brutal ''verbal mob lynching” by their peers.Amid today's urgent need to address these problems, the government’s Meeting on Education Rebuilding has issued a report.In response to the Prime Minister's recent comments---“I carmot think of one good reason for(letting youngsters)have a cellphone“ and ”I would like everyone to discuss whether cellphones are really necessary:“----the report recommended that ”parents, guardians, schools and all parties concerned should cooperate among themselves, so that elementary school pupils and junior high school students do not have a cellphone unless there is a compelling reason for them to do so.“ But since many parents believe in the necessity of cellphones as a safety tool, it is unrealistic to expect everyone to do away with them.Rather, it would make more sense for guardians, schools and cellphone companies to consider, from their respective standpoints,how cellphones should be used by children.We suggest that parents sit down with their offspring and talk about their “houserules”for cellphone use.For instance, sct the hours allowed, so the kids won't be texting to their friends late into the night, remind them never to give away personal information online, and so on..But there are limits to what individual families can do, and this is where we also suggest that schools should educate their pupils on the dangers of cellphone use.One way to go about this, for instance, may be for each class to set its own rules on sending e-mail messages.16.The word ”ubiquitous“(para.l)is closest in meaning to ________.(A)updated(B)sophisticated(C)prevalent(D)obsolete 17.Many parents let their kids have cellphones because they ________.(A)want their kids to keep up with the IT World(B)can't think of anything better for their kids to have fun(C)don't want their kids to miss 'what other kids have(D)believe cellphones endble them to stay connected 18.Which of the following is NOT the potential risk kids may face when using cellphones?(A)Involvement in rape-related crime

(B)Exposure to violent and obscene images(C)Falling victim to brutal curses.(D)Being tracked down by unofficial school websites.19.The report issued by the government’s Meeting on Education Rebuilding______.(A)recommended minimizing the use of cellphones among kids(B)suggested setting “house rules” for cellphone use

(C)urged parents to remind their children about ce1lphone use(D)pressed schools to educate their pupils on the dangers of cellphone use 20.What is the main idea of the passage?(A)Parents neglect to protect their kids from cellphones.(B)Parenting with cellphones is a source of headache.(C)Cellphones should be banned from campus.(D)Kids need lessons on the uses of cellphones Question 21--25 Extract I

A stylish dining room with cream walls and curtains and black carpet as perfect foil to an eclectic array of furniture.Many of the pieces are classics of their particular era, and demonstrate how old and new designs can be happily mixed together Thc prototype chair in the foreground has yet to prove its staying power and was thought up by the flat's occupant.He is pictured in his living room which has the same decorative theme and is linked to the dining room by a high Medieval-styled archway where was once a redundant and uninspiring fireplace.Extract 2 Old bathrooms often contain a great deal of ugly pipework in need of disguising.This can either be done by boxing in the exposed pipes, or by fitting wood paneling over them.As wood paneling can be secured over almost anyting---including oid ceramic tiles and chipped walls---is an effective way of disguising pipework as well as being an attractive form of decoration.The paneling can be vertical, horizontal or diagonal.An alternative way to approach the problem of exposed pipes is to actually make them a feature of the room by picking the pipework out in bright strong colours.Extract 3 Cooking takes second place in this charming room which, with its deep armchairs, is more of a sitting room than a kitohen, and th6 ntw RaybUm stove as a good choice, as it blends in well with the old brick and beamed fireplace.There are no fitted units or built-in appliances, so all food preparation is done at the big farmbouse table in the foreground;and the china, pots and pans have been deliberately left on show to make an attractive display.What about the kitchen sink? It's hidden away behind an archway which leads into a small scullery.Here there's a second cooker and---in the best farmhouse tradition---a huge walk-in larder for all food storage.2l.Why is the colour of the carpet described in Extract l a particular advantage?(A)It livens up the colour in an otherwise dull room.(B)It provides a contrast to the furniture.(C)It blends in with the tones of the furniture.(D)It gives the room a classical style.22.What is the purpose of the archway described in Extract 1 ?(A)To hide an unattractive fireplace.(B)To give the room an exotic eastem style.(C)To join the dining room with the sitting room(D)To make room for the unusual seating arrangements.23.Extract 2 is probably taken from ________.(A)an architect's blueprint

(B)a plumber’s manual

(C)a home renovation magazine(D)an advertisement for new bathrooms 24.Extracts 2 and 3 deal with _________.(A)old and classic furniture(B)attractive colour schemes(C)cheap improvement schemes(D)home decoration 25.Compared with Extract l the room described in Extract 3 appears to _______.(A)be more comfortable(B)be more colourful(C)contain more furniture(D)posspss a greater variety of style Questions26--30,.Large parts of the world have not enjoyed the remarkale global progress in health conditions that have taken place over the past century.Indeed, millions of deaths in impoverished nations are avoidable with prevention and treatment

options that the rich world already uses.This year, l0 million children will die in low-and middle-income countries.If child death rates were the same as those in developed countries this figuer would be lower than 1 million.Conversely, if child death rates were those of rich countries just 100 years ago, the figure would be 30 million.Today's tools for improving health are so powerful and inexpensive that health conditions could be reasonably good even in poor countries if policy makers spent even relatively little in the right places.Recent research for the Copeghagen Consensus idenifies several highly cost-effective options that would tackle some of the planet's most urgent health problems.The most promising investment is in tuberculosis treatment.Some 90 percent of the l.6 million tuberculosis deaths in 2003 occurred in low-and middle-income countries.Because tuberculosis affects working-age people, it can be a trigger of household poverty.The comerstone of control is prompt treatment using first-line drugs, which doesn't require a sophisticated health system.Spending $l billion on tuberculosis treatment in a year would save l million lives.Because good health accompanies higher levels of national economic welfare in the long run, the economic benefits are worth $30 billion.The second most cost-effective investment is tackling hewt disease.Heart disease migh not seem like a pressing issue for poor nations, but it represents more than a quarter of their death toll.Measures to reduce risk factors other than smoking--high intake or saturated animal fat, obesity, binge drinking of alcohol, physical inactivity , and low fruit and vegetable consumption--have had little success.Treating acute heart attacks with inexpensive drugs is，however, cost-effective.Spending $200 million could avert several hundred thousand deaths, yielding benefits that are 25 times higher than costs.The third option is prevention and treatment of malaria.A billion dollars would expand the provision of insecticide-treated bed-nets and facilitate provision of highly effective treatment.This would save more than a million child deaths and produce economic benefits worth $20 billion.The fourth altermative for policymakers is to focus on child health initiatives.The best measures are familiar ones expanding immunization coverage, promoting breasfeeding, increasing the use of simple and cheap treatments for diarrhea and childhood pneumonia, and so on.Even if the costs of all these initiatives were two or three times higher than we estimate, these efforts would still provide amazing opportunities to reduce health inequality and do good in the world.26.Over the past century, the child death rates hatve _________.(A)climbed steadily in impoverished countries(B)dropped remarkably in developed countries(C)fluctuated wildly in low-incoine countries(D)remained stable in middle-income countries 27.The most effective investment is in the treatment for ________.(A)tuberculosis

(B)heart disease(C)malaria(D)diarrhea 28.All of the following could be the contributing factors to heart disease EXCETP________.(A)heavy smoking(B)binge drinking(C)saturated animal fat intake(D)vegetable consumption 29.According to the author, if $ l billion were invested in the prevention and treatment of heart discase, whih of the following economic benefits would be produced?(A)$20 billion.學(xué)口譯，做金領(lǐng)！迎戰(zhàn)9月口譯考試 2009年春季“上海外語口譯”筆試查分公告 中高級口譯備考必看的歷年真題免費(fèi)下載

【權(quán)威發(fā)布】09秋季中高級口譯考試真題、解析、答案 09春季高級口譯二階段口試模擬題

（一）考前必讀：09春季中高級口譯考試考生須知 我為口譯狂，這個暑假不虛度！

(B)$25 billion.(C)$30 billion.(D)$35 billion.30.What would be the best title for this passage ?(A)Best Options for Tackling World’s Killer Diseases.(B)Cost-effective Investment in Impoverished Nations.(C)Health Inequality between Developed and Developing Countries.(D)Earth’s Killer Diseases: Tuberculosis, HeartAttak and Malaria...SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST(1)(30 minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corrsponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.In a normal recession, the to-do list is clear.Copies of Keynes are dusted off, the Fed lowers interest rates, the president and Congress cut taxes and hike spending.In time, purchasing, production and loans perk up, and Keynes is placed back on the shelf.No larger alterations to the economy are made, because our economy, but for the occasional bump in the road, is fundamentally sound.This has been the drill in every recession since World War II.Republicans and Democrats argue over whose taxes should be cut the most and which projects should be funded, but under public pressure to do something，they usually find some mutually acceptable midpoint and enact a stimulus package.Even in today's hyperpartisan Washington, the odds still favor such a deal.This time, though, don’t expect that to be the end of the story-----because the coming recession will not be normal, and our economy is not fundamentally sound.This time around, the nation will have to craft new versions of some of the reforms that Franklin Roosevelt created to steer the nation out of the Great Depression.SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST(2)(30 minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.鐘表上的秒針一下一下地移動，每移動一下就是表示我們的壽命已經(jīng)縮短了一部分。再看看墻上掛著的可以一張張撕下的日歷，每天撕下一張就是表示我們的壽命又縮短了一天。因為時間即生命。

沒有人不愛惜他的生命，但很少人珍視他的時間。如果想在有生之年做一點(diǎn)什么事，學(xué)一點(diǎn)什么學(xué)問，充實(shí)自己，幫助別人，使生命成為有意義，不虛此生，那么就不可浪費(fèi)光陰。這個道理人人都懂，可是很少人能積極不懈地善為利用他的時間。

Spot dictation

You might think that hamburgers were invented in the United States, but that is not totally true.These round, flat cakes or patties actually came from Germany in the middle of the 19th century.They were brought to the United

States by German immigrants who came from the city of Hamburg.That is why their name was Hamburger Stake.However, people in other places claim that they invented the hamburger.Perhaps we'll never have a clear answer.But there is no question that the hamburger was a great hit.Why? Perhaps because at that time, industry was growing and a kind of fast, practical and cheap food was needed for workers.The hamburger became even more popular in the 1920s when the first chain of fast food restaurants was started.This chain was called ”White Castle“.It served tiny hamburgers that were sold for only 5 cents each.Then, in the 1930s there came the drive-in restaurant where customers were served in their cars by waiters in uniform.And the hamburger was one of the most popular menu items.By now, the hamburger was ready to conquer the world.And this happened with McDonald's, which was actually a hot dog stand at first.But by the early 1950s the hot dog was replaced by the hamburger.McDonald's and other fast food restaurants spring up around the world throughout the rest of the 20th century.McDonald's alone has sold 12 hamburgers for every person in the world.The importance of the hamburger to U.S.culture remains significant.About 60% of all sandwiches that are eaten are hamburgers.According to some sources, 7% of current workers in the Untied States had their first job at McDonald's.But the face of the hamburger is changing according to the times.Nowadays it is possible to buy a chicken burger, a turkey burger, a fish burger or a veggie burger.Statements

1.Mrs.Jones came to us at the airport.We thought she was the secretary but she turned out to be the president of the company.2.After Susan carefully explained her ideas at the board meeting last week, the directors all voted for the change she's made concerning the proposed project.3.Of the students participating in our university's research project, 73% classified themselves as freshmen and sophomores.4.Originally we had planned to buy a car by the end of last year, but then with the recent fluctuation of the crude oil prices we decided to postpone the purchase.5.Most people I know are interested in the proposed tax reform being debated in the congress because they hope it will lower taxes for them.6.If you're good at managing your own time and energy, it is very likely that you can do well both in your schoolwork and for your career 7.Mr.Paul White, thank you very much for your inquiry, but I feel the position more suits a female applicant.Anyway, I will keep your name on file.8.Is this your best quote? I thought prices will be coming down now given the current situation of financial and economic crisis.9.Last month our manager took a ten-day business trip to Chicago, but he had to stay there for 3 more days as the negotiation turned out to be a tougher one.10.When our children are made confident that they are positive and competent individuals, they will adapt themselves to the changing society and successfully accomplish personal goals.Talks and Conversations

Passage one(Q11-14)W：What are you laughing about? M: I just saw the silliest advertisement on TV for German soups.It's said our products are home-made with the freshest vegetables and fruits.Then a scene in the factory showed that products were prepared and packed by the most sophisticated machinery.W: And I am sure that the word NATURAL was put on the jars and cans of the products.I think the stupidest advertisements are those that imply that you are one of a kind.If you buy the product, you will be a very special person.Now you will be just like every other one of the 20 million people who bought it.M: That's really silly.But to me, the dumbest of them all is when advertisers put a celebrity on TV to talk about a particular brand of soap or about a particular car.I bet that the celebrity's never used the product before they got the job of appearing in the commercial.W: Yeah!But most of these commercials work and people remember the product.M: I agree, here we are talking about ads we've seen, aren't we? We are all influenced by those celebrities and brand names.W: I think teenagers are specially vulnerable.Advertisers try to get teenagers used to a brand because they know that in later years, the teenagers will stick to that particular product of theirs.Question 11: What in the advertisement has made the man laugh? Question 12: When some ads imply that you are one of a kind, what does that mean? Question 13: Why does the advertiser put a celebrity on TV to talk about a particular product? Question 14: According to the woman, what will teenagers do if they are used to a brand? Passage two(Q15-18)Many of you may have heard of ”jetlag", which is a condition of sleep disorders resulting from rapid travel over time zones such as on a jet plane.The symptoms of jetlag can be quite varied and may include: loss of appetite, nausea, headache, fatigue, insomnia or even mild depression.Here are few tips for you to avoid jetlag or cope if you are stricken by the condition.First adjust your biological rhythm several days before your departure.And develop a plan

to start switching to the time zone of your destination.For instance, if you will be flying from New York to Paris where it is 6 hours later, get up one hour earlier for a couple of days, then two hours earlier, then three hours earlier.I would try to at least get half way to a new time zone.Turn lights on during daytime in your destination and off during the night time.Second, during the time of your adjustment and especially during the flight, drink plenty of water.If you are not a big water fan, drink some other fluid that is not high in sugar, carbonation or caffeine.Avoid junk food, salty foods, caffeine and alcohol on the plane.Of course I say that, but I always have a couple of drinks during the flight, if you do that, just be sure to drink as much water between drinks as possible.Thirdly, when you arrive in your destination, try to resist the urge to nap during day time, get outside during the daylight hours, even if it's just to sit in a café and relax.Try to get a good night's sleep for the first couple nights.The key is to reset your body's natural clock and to get enough rest.Finally when you return home, use some of the same tactics above to return to your previous time zone.Q15.What's the speaker's definition of jetlag? Q16.What's the difference of the time zones between New York and Paris? Q17.What does the speaker recommend if you do not want to drink much water during the flight? Q18.According to the speaker, what should you try to do once you arrive at the destination? Passage 3(Q19-22)

F: Come in Mr.Edison, take a seat.M: Good morning doctor.F: Now let's get a few details.Shall we? First, your age, now you're 40? M: Er, 35 actually, doctor.F: Right, 35.And your weight? M: About, 105 kilos.F: That's rather a lot for your height, don't you think? M: Yes, Well, I don't get much exercise, doctor.F: And what kind of work do you do exactly? M: I work with computers.F: So you sit most of the day, is that right? M: All day.F: Right, so tell me, do you smoke? M: Well, I used to smoke 20-30 a day, but now it's about 10.F: Emm, Have you had any illness likely? M: Nothing serious, just usual coughs and colds.F: I see.Now, let's talk about your diet.What have you eaten this morning, for example? M: I've had two fried eggs, 5 bread, toast, butter and jam, and oh, 3 cups of tea.F: Well, Mr.Edison, that isn't the best diet now, is it? What else do you normally eat? M: Beef burgers a lot, Chips.F: Dear Oh dear.And what about exercise do you have Mr.Edison? Do you play any Sports? M: Er, can't say I do really.F: Well Mr.Edison this is all rather serious.I think we have to Change a few things in your life.Firstly I recommend that you stop smoking completely.Secondly, you need to get some exercise, walk, instead of drive Mr.Edison.Join a sports club.And lastly, we must make some changes to your diet.No more fried foods, no more chips, and beef burgers, good healthy vegetables, boiled potatoes, grilled meat and fish.Q19.What does the woman say about the man's health? Q20.How many cigarettes does the man smoke each day now? Q21.What does the woman think of the man's breakfast? Q22.Which of the following can not be concluded from the conversation?

Passage 4(Q23-26)May I have your attention, ladies and gentlemen? Since the International club meets only once every semester for this special event, the first thing on our agenda is to have the secretary read the minutes of the last meeting.So when I finish this opening speech, the secretary will read the minutes of our meeting for the last semester.And then we'll go through our annual treasurer's report and decide whether it can be accepted or not.At the top of our agenda, and I'm sure in everyone's mind, is the International Display Week.It has been proposed for discussion.I was chairman of the African club, and now as chairman of the International club, I know more than anyone else the importance of such a display week.Let me explain.There are ten foreign clubs here representing the foreign students on our campus.The purpose of these clubs is, first of all, to get the students from the same countries together, so we won't get too homesick, and so we can help each other over the rough spots.And secondly, so that the American students can join the club of their interest and learn about our culture as we learn theirs.Now, about the display.Some of you old hands will have to help me out, as there was so much going on I can't remember at all.Let me see.There are the Scottish folk dance and Irish one, too.We'll team up with the folk music club and recruit anyone who can sew to help make costumes.Of course, each group will set up a booth decorated with pictures and things of interest in their respective countries, and everyone will wear his national costume.Question 23: Who is the man?

Question 24: How often is the meeting held?

Question 25: What is at the top of the meeting's agenda?

Question 26: What is the purpose of organizing foreign clubs on campus?

Passage 5(Q27-30)F: Paul, nice to see you back from the university.How do you like your new university? I remember your mum had wanted you to go to London University so that you can live at home and walk or cycle to attend the lectures.M: Well, you know I didn't go to London University after all.My new university is on the suburbs of an ancient cathedral city and it is almost 8 miles from the city center.The university is planned on the so called American Campus System.That is to say, students live in halls of residence grouped around the main university buildings.F: You mean you live, eat and study within the university proper? M: Yes, I like it.Because we are a real community.We've got comfortable common rooms and bars.We arrange dances and parties.We've got clubs, theater groups, choirs and so on.And we've got an orchestra.I played the drums in it.By the way, how about your university days, Betty?

F: I rent a house with two other girls in the middle of the city about then minutes walk from the university.The house is falling to pieces.It is damp and there is no proper heating.M: That sounds awful.I couldn't work in a place like yours.The district is poor and could almost be classed as a slum.F: I don't think so.We live among real people who treat us as real people.We've got an electrician living next door, who is always coming in and mending our cooker and electric fires.We could try to get into one of the halls of the residents.But we prefer to be independent.It's nice to belong to the city and to do things outside the university.M: What sort of things do you do outside the university? M: Well, there is a group of us who go and help in a home for handicapped children.And I think in the city bar choir we get on well with the local people, not like you in that suburban district.W: Well, I like history.And my university is one of the best universities for that subject.Besides, it is an ancient city with a lot of historical relics and sightseeing spots.If you can drop by by any chance, I can show you around.F: You bet.27.Where do the man's family live? 28.What is typical of the American Campus System?

29.Why did the women choose to rent a house in the city center? 30.What does the man promise to do for the woman? Listening and Translation

Sentence Translation: 1.Please hold my telephone calls and just take a message.I can call back later.I must have a little peace and quiet to concentrate on these figures.2.This company has a registered capital of 15 million US Dollars and specializes in importing and exporting a great variety of digital products.3.Shared prices on the London market have fallen sharply today, following sharp losses on Wall Street.Shares of leading financial banks have been the worst hit.4.Good health is usually associated with exercise.But that is not the whole picture.In order to keep fit, you have to eat well, sleep well and generally feel good about yourself.5.Many young people dream of becoming top models.To become slim is what they usually desire.Therefore in order to keep their weight down, they simply avoid food.Passage Translation 1.American Businessmen frequently use social situations to make business deals.One of the best examples of this practice is the business lunch.It is used

to win clients to make influential contacts to discuss and settle internal disagreements and even to interview potential employees.Some companies always conduct job interviews over lunch.A business lunch usually lasts from one to two and half hours and it often takes place at a restaurant with a pleasant, quiet atmosphere conducive to private discussions.2.As the world population becomes denser, we will feel greater pressure from the expanding number of people.Some experts argue that we are approaching the limit of the number of people the earth can support adequately and they feel we should turn to compulsory birth control.Other authorities feel that if birth control is imposed on the population, the future of mankind will be seriously endangered.They think intelligent people will be more likely to have fewer children, which would bring about a lowering of the level of intelligence.Spot Dictation

? 1.round, flat cakes ? 2.German immigrants ? 3.their name ? 4.claim ? 5.clear answer ? 6.great hit ? 7.fast, practical and cheap ? 8.in the 1920s ? 9.5 cents each ? 10.drive-in restaurant

? 11.popular menu items ? 12.conquer ? 13.hot dog stand ? 14.spring up ? 15.sold 12 hamburgers ? 16.US culture ? 17.60% ? 18.7% ? 19.according to the times ? 20.a fish burger Statements

1-5 ACBDB 6-10 ACDDB Talks and Conversations

11-14 BADC 15-18 DACC 19-22 ABDB 23-26 BCDA 27-30 BACD Sentence Translation

? 1.請不要掛斷，先留個言，我一會兒會打回過去?，F(xiàn)在我必須靜靜地先集中精力看一下這些數(shù)字。

? 2.這家公司有1500萬美元的注冊資金，主營各類數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)出口。

? 3.今天倫敦市場股價驟跌，隨之華爾街也遭受了巨大損失，金融銀行的股價遭受重創(chuàng)。

? 4.健康的身體和鍛煉是緊密相連的，但這并不是全部。保持身體健康還需要吃好、睡好和良好的自我感覺。

? 5.很多年輕人夢想成為名模，苗條是她們非?？释摹榱藴p肥，她們不吃東西。

Passage Translation

? 1.美國商人經(jīng)常利用社交場合來做生意，最好的例子就是商務(wù)午餐，可以用來爭取客戶、擴(kuò)大影響、討論并解決內(nèi)部分歧，甚至面試未來的員工。很多面試工作都是在商務(wù)午餐中完成的。商務(wù)午餐通常持續(xù)一到兩個半小時，在餐廳中舉行，那里安靜宜人，適合進(jìn)行私人談話。

? 2.世界人口密度不斷加大，越來越多的人帶來的壓力也不斷增加。專家認(rèn)為，我們正在接近地球所能有效供養(yǎng)的人口的極限，因此應(yīng)該進(jìn)行人口計劃控制。也有人認(rèn)為這樣會危及到人類的未來，通常高智商人群生育的孩子比較少。因此，有人擔(dān)憂，這會引起人類整體智力水平的下降。

Section 2

1-5 ABCCC 學(xué)口譯，做金領(lǐng)！迎戰(zhàn)9月口譯考試 2009年春季“上海外語口譯”筆試查分公告 中高級口譯備考必看的歷年真題免費(fèi)下載

【權(quán)威發(fā)布】09秋季中高級口譯考試真題、解析、答案 09春季高級口譯二階段口試模擬題

（一）考前必讀：09春季中高級口譯考試考生須知 我為口譯狂，這個暑假不虛度！

6-10 BCBCD 11-15 ABADC 16-20 CDDAD 21-25 CCBDC 26-30 BADBA Section 3

平常的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條一旦來臨，大家都明確應(yīng)該馬上著手做哪些事情：重新翻開塵封已久的凱恩斯的著作，聯(lián)邦政府調(diào)低利息率，總統(tǒng)和國會開始減稅，增加財政支出。用不了多久，市場上購銷兩旺，生產(chǎn)線生機(jī)勃勃，貸款扶搖而上，于是乎，凱恩斯的書又回了書架。不需要對經(jīng)濟(jì)體制做重大的改革，要知道我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)固然偶爾會有一點(diǎn)磕磕碰碰，從根本上說還是健康的。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后，每次蕭條一來，我們都這樣如法炮制。

關(guān)于哪個階層應(yīng)該減稅最多，哪些計劃可以得到政府資金援助，共和黨人和民主黨人一直都爭論不休。不過，公眾輿論自然會要求他們有所作為，因此他們也往往能找到雙方都可接受的中間路線，共同推動一個經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激的一攬子計劃。就算在今天的華盛頓，兩黨意見空前分歧，我們依然相信，兩黨都能接受的計劃最終一定會出臺。然而這次，我們不能指望事情就能就此了結(jié)--因為這一次到來的蕭條非比尋常，我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)從根本上說也已經(jīng)不健康。這一

次，這個國家需要一些富蘭克林·羅斯福的改革手段，并將他們進(jìn)行更新。在當(dāng)年的大蕭條中，這些改革扭轉(zhuǎn)了乾坤。

Section 4

Our life is shortened by every tick of the second hand of the clock.Each page peeled away from the wall calendar marks a bygone day.Time is life, while life is cherished by everybody, but time, by few.How can we achieve something in our brief life? To learn some knowledge!To replenish ourselves!To help those in need!To add significance to our life!Time should not be squandered if we want to make our life meaningful(to get a lot out of our life).This principle is accepted by all, but wisely observed by very few.

第四篇：2010口譯真題

口語:計劃生意/獨(dú)生子女政策是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)實(shí)施？One child policy amendment

a.請闡述實(shí)施這一政策的背景

b.在老齡化,農(nóng)民工短缺的情況下，是否需要改變政策？

c.談?wù)勀愕膶Σ?/p>

E-C

1.空氣污染 air polution~化學(xué)物質(zhì)chemicals.(記得不算清晰)

補(bǔ)充：車子排放出的氣體會造成空氣污染，提到了combustible engine。有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)會散播到空氣中，對健康有危險。（這小段沒怎么聽清楚）

因此我們要采取多種的交通工具。還可以通過氫氣等驅(qū)動引擎。還可以裝一個可轉(zhuǎn)換的裝置將氣體轉(zhuǎn)換成電力，蒸汽...（當(dāng)中順序有點(diǎn)記不清了）

環(huán)保型汽車, 關(guān)鍵詞:轉(zhuǎn)換過濾器, electricity, steam, hazardous（難度指數(shù)較高，需要有背景知識）

2.亞洲在國際上的作用越來越重要。中國成為當(dāng)中最成功的國家。在過去十年里貿(mào)易增長從××%增長到××% 中國的發(fā)展對亞洲以及世界都有積極的作用。

C-E

1.中醫(yī)(教程篇章)我在高口口試強(qiáng)化班上最后一天復(fù)習(xí)過的文章！勢如破竹one more time...教程P291 “中醫(yī)起源于神農(nóng)氏時代，戰(zhàn)國時期的中醫(yī)理論著作黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)標(biāo)志著中國醫(yī)學(xué)獨(dú)特的理論體系形成。黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)仍被視為知道中醫(yī)理論的基礎(chǔ)。中醫(yī)名著神農(nóng)本草集中認(rèn)為，陰與陽兩者制約，互相作用，消長平衡，相互轉(zhuǎn)換。陰陽平衡是健康的要素，陰陽失衡會影響健康，導(dǎo)致疾病，因此，中醫(yī)十分重視調(diào)節(jié)陰陽以保平衡。

變體版本也要熟悉：

中醫(yī)是我國的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)，起源于6000年前的神農(nóng)氏時代。中醫(yī)學(xué)在長期的發(fā)展過程中，逐漸形成了一套醫(yī)學(xué)原則和觀點(diǎn)。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為“萬物人為貴”。中醫(yī)師是通過了解人與自然、以及人體各部位之間的種種關(guān)系來診斷病人的疾病。

中醫(yī)有完整的理論體系和臨床治療方法，除了中草藥外還有針灸療法、按摩推拿和氣功療法。中醫(yī)以其獨(dú)特的療效和科學(xué)本質(zhì)贏得了全世界的廣泛贊譽(yù)。我們在積極發(fā)展中醫(yī)的同時也鼓勵中西醫(yī)結(jié)合診斷和治療疾病。我相信，我國的中醫(yī)研究前程似錦。

還提及兩本書《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》《本草綱目》

2.中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展, 亞洲在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中的作用.small and medium-sized enterprises

關(guān)鍵句：中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展很迅速，它們在所有企業(yè)中占了99.6%，世界各國和地區(qū)也越來越注意中小企業(yè)的作用。中小企業(yè)融資促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。(financing 融資)

11月6日下午上海高級口譯口語真題

口語：

蘭州政府出臺把窮人安置在城市中心的政策，此舉是否有利于減少貧困現(xiàn)象呢？Commerical residential community

a.窮人安置在城市中心真的能減少貧富差異嗎？提供你的評論.works or not? your comment?

b.窮人居住在城市中心會有哪些可能的后果 consequences?

c.你有哪些解決措施？

口譯題：

E-C

1.非洲氣候問題的演說,關(guān)鍵詞/句: Africa climate change(related to financial, scientific & technological sphere...etc), take some measures, lauch program...可見時下的熱點(diǎn)都在考試委員會的radar上面。

2.美國教育的改革: American education reform: “l(fā)eave no children behind”, 這是我在上中級口譯課堂上講過的視頻新聞，莫非考試委員會有聽過的課。我曾翻譯成張藝謀的電影“一個都不能少” plus.Leave no teacher behind, and more high qualified.這曾話題也可以對應(yīng)我課堂講過的“奧巴馬在佛吉尼亞中學(xué)的開學(xué)典禮演講”曾談過的三方的responsibility.總結(jié)：所有的學(xué)校的所有孩子都要定期進(jìn)行教育。

C-E

1.中國文化（考前我在口試強(qiáng)化班重點(diǎn)cover的內(nèi)容，凡事上過我們強(qiáng)化班的同學(xué)都應(yīng)該比較輕松）關(guān)鍵句：除了中國菜肴意外，美國人對武術(shù)、草藥、功夫很感興趣。他們越來越常在對話中提到功夫電影。太極、氣功等等。最受歡迎的是道家和神秘的風(fēng)水學(xué)說。我簽陣子到加州，看到各種有關(guān)古老中國的書籍。美國史哥開放的國家。他們會吸收其他文化的傳統(tǒng)并將其融入。

點(diǎn)評： 這次的高口居然選擇了《中口教程第三版》講中華文化的核心課文?？磥砦覀儚?fù)習(xí)高口也不能不看新東方中口教程重點(diǎn)篇章。

2.中國經(jīng)濟(jì)，老生常談！必定拿下的段子

關(guān)鍵句：

在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的背景下，中國仍然保持著經(jīng)濟(jì)增長并在速度、質(zhì)量和效益上作到統(tǒng)一。很少有其他國家能保持如此強(qiáng)勁的勢頭（momentum）.但我們?nèi)匀恍枰逍训囊庾R到?jīng)]有國家能永遠(yuǎn)保持經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，中國也不例外(china is no exception).（中間是經(jīng)濟(jì)話題的套句）我們要一同簡歷繁榮穩(wěn)定和諧的社會。

高級口譯題：

口語:沿海地區(qū)和內(nèi)陸在發(fā)展的差異 Gap between coastal region and innland

a.請舉例說明東部/沿海發(fā)展優(yōu)勢

b.請舉例說明西部/內(nèi)陸落后情況

c.解決差異的對策口譯

Chinse to English

1.大會發(fā)言,未來發(fā)展,關(guān)鍵句“走得多遠(yuǎn)取決于我們的夢想”.（難度指數(shù)較低）

2.潘基文秘書長在諾貝爾和平獎評價/致辭/感謝.（難度指數(shù)較高，需要有背景知識）

English to Chinse

1.中國創(chuàng)造燦爛文明/反對侵略(教程篇章)我在高口口試強(qiáng)化班上最后一天復(fù)習(xí)過的文章！勢如破竹

“近代中國經(jīng)歷了一段積貧積弱、任人宰割的歷史。落后就要挨打，這是中國人民從屢遭外來侵略的悲慘經(jīng)歷中得出的刻骨銘心的教訓(xùn)。一個國家只有首先自強(qiáng)，才能在世界上自立。一百多年來，中國人民為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的目標(biāo)進(jìn)行了不懈努力。

“中華人民共和國成立后，中國人民自力更生、改革開放、與時俱進(jìn)，在社會主義建設(shè)中取得了舉世矚目的偉大成就。當(dāng)前，中國人民堅定不移地抓住發(fā)展這個第一要務(wù)，正滿懷信心地為全面建設(shè)小康社會、實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化而團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗?！?/p>

2.東盟和中國發(fā)展（ASEAN）

11月6日下午上海高級口譯口語真題

口語：

蘭州政府出臺把窮人安置在城市中心的政策，此舉是否有利于減少貧困現(xiàn)象呢？Commerical residential community

a.窮人安置在城市中心真的能減少貧富差異嗎？提供你的評論.works or not? your comment?

b.窮人居住在城市中心會有哪些可能的后果 consequences?

c.你有哪些解決措施？

口譯題：

E-C

1.非洲氣候問題的演說,關(guān)鍵詞/句: Africa climate change(related to financial, scientific & technological sphere...etc), take some measures, lauch program...可見時下的熱點(diǎn)都在考試委員會的radar上面。

2.美國教育的改革: American education reform: “l(fā)eave no children behind”, 這是我在上中級口譯課堂上講過的視頻新聞，莫非考試委員會有聽過的課。我曾翻譯成張藝謀的電影“一個都不能少” plus.Leave no teacher behind, and more high qualified.這曾話題也可以對應(yīng)我課堂講過的“奧巴馬在佛吉尼亞中學(xué)的開學(xué)典禮演講”曾談過的三方的responsibility.總結(jié)：所有的學(xué)校的所有孩子都要定期進(jìn)行教育。

C-E

1.中國文化（考前我在口試強(qiáng)化班重點(diǎn)cover的內(nèi)容，凡事上過我們強(qiáng)化班的同學(xué)都應(yīng)該比較輕松）關(guān)鍵句：除了中國菜肴意外，美國人對武術(shù)、草藥、功夫很感興趣。他們越來越常在對話中提到功夫電影。太極、氣功等等。最受歡迎的是道家和神秘的風(fēng)水學(xué)說。我簽陣子到加州，看到各種有關(guān)古老中國的書籍。美國史哥開放的國家。他們會吸收其他文化的傳統(tǒng)并將其融入。

點(diǎn)評： 這次的高口居然選擇了《中口教程第三版》講中華文化的核心課文?？磥砦覀儚?fù)習(xí)高口也不能不看新東方中口教程重點(diǎn)篇章。

2.中國經(jīng)濟(jì)，老生常談！必定拿下的段子

關(guān)鍵句：

在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的背景下，中國仍然保持著經(jīng)濟(jì)增長并在速度、質(zhì)量和效益上作到統(tǒng)一。很少有其他國家能保持如此強(qiáng)勁的勢頭（momentum）.但我們?nèi)匀恍枰逍训囊庾R到?jīng)]有國家能永遠(yuǎn)保持經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，中國也不例外(china is no exception).（中間是經(jīng)濟(jì)話題的套句）我們要一同簡歷繁榮穩(wěn)定和諧的社會。

口語:

China's national entrance examination is usually on June 7~8, usually on Monday and Tuesday.高考日期為6月7/8號，是周一和周二。家長接送學(xué)生和影響上班族，引起traffic jam.有人提議改為6月的第一個周末。你怎么看？

a.原本在7~8號的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)是什么？

b.改為周末后的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)是什么？

c.談?wù)勀愕挠^點(diǎn)？

E-C

1.新東方口試強(qiáng)化班Travis反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的中美兩國的文化差異，主要是在management style和education上。中口《教程》p85 頁

關(guān)鍵詞：

we emphasize efficiency, competition & originality while your management gives priority to prudent planning & encourages close cooperation & altruistic dedication among team members.In American schools, discussion is given top priority and seminar is the usual way of class.Good teacher possess flexible & adaptable talents, and are able to respond instantaneously at any moment to any questions that might arise among students.But Chinese teachers like to lecture in class, and a lot of them are obsessed with examinations;they spend long hours planning and preparing lessons, and writing consistent & standardized teaching plans.All too often, they're happy with bringing up identical and standardized talents.2.扶貧問題 issue of poverty reduction

全世界一起合作，消除貧困。

C-E

1.體育運(yùn)動

關(guān)鍵句：

中國的悠久歷史造就燦爛的文化，體育運(yùn)動和奧運(yùn)。

體育運(yùn)動是世界通用的語言；強(qiáng)身健體，促進(jìn)世界各國交流；奧運(yùn)精神是其中的代表；

通過教育和鍛煉這一實(shí)踐，發(fā)揚(yáng)奧運(yùn)精神。

體育運(yùn)動，在很多年前跨越種族、膚色等。

啟示：雖然奧運(yùn)已經(jīng)過去，但是這個話題是永遠(yuǎn)必須關(guān)注的！

2.文化遺產(chǎn) Cultural Heritage

自然和認(rèn)為的損壞，我們要引起重視。（據(jù)幾位同學(xué)回憶，該篇難度最大。）

2010年11月21日下午

從中級口譯口試強(qiáng)化班Jade MM這里拿到的考試第一時間回憶，Jade這次發(fā)揮出色！期待以后又更加出色的表現(xiàn)。

口語:

今年夏天至今，發(fā)生了很多自然災(zāi)害，如洪水、泥石流、暴雨等。

a.根據(jù)你掌握的情況簡單介紹其中一個。

b.介紹政府安撫工作，可以提及comfort fund這樣的概念。（看來得多看新聞?。?/p>

c.你或你的同學(xué)是否有做過這方面的志愿者？談?wù)勏陆?jīng)歷

口譯：

E-C

1.合資企業(yè) Joint Venture 《口譯教程》3-3原文P94 該篇目也是新東方口試強(qiáng)化班重點(diǎn)精析的文章。

關(guān)鍵句:

1.Your investment proposal is a very wise decision;Our company is also seeking foreign investment in a manufacturing company for cordless & mobile phones.Your initiative is most welcome.2.let's get down to the business of this joint venture.May I have...3.8 million is more than a lucky nbumber;it's the right number for the initiation of this joint venture, as i understand it.4.wish to continue the partnership and extend the contract.2.volunteering 志愿者活動以及志愿者為社會帶來的利益。據(jù)兩外兩位口試強(qiáng)化班學(xué)友回憶難度很大。

C-E

1.會談口譯 這篇有被我們口試強(qiáng)化班的Travis老師預(yù)測到。《口譯教程》3-1 p76

關(guān)鍵句分享：

a.我們?yōu)槟鷣泶藚⒓庸ぷ?，成為我們部門一員而感到驕傲和榮幸。我真誠地希望寧的來訪有價值，有意義。

b.我真高興您對這次來滬短期工作有如此高的期望。我們會盡力使您過得舒適愉快。

c.考慮到你的方便和舒適，您可以居住在公司的外賓專用別墅。緊挨著海灘。15分鐘騎車可到公司。

d.“上?！边@兩個字在漢語是“海上之埠”的意思。我們?yōu)榘才庞笥言谂R海寓所下榻而感到驕傲。

2.中日文化。

口語：

Whether higher tax should be imposed on luxury goods? 是否應(yīng)該提高奢侈品的消費(fèi)稅

口譯

E-C

1.經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 Economic Development

關(guān)鍵詞：21世紀(jì)的戰(zhàn)略計劃，順應(yīng)不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的歷史趨勢 irreversible trend

2010年經(jīng)濟(jì)問題是大熱，口試絕對關(guān)注！

2.非洲的訪問 Visit to Africa

關(guān)鍵詞: 非洲聯(lián)盟，歐盟，聯(lián)合國等機(jī)構(gòu)組織名稱.C-E

1.第二文化 The Second Culture

改編自《口譯教程》10-1P247?？谠噺?qiáng)化班和考前講座預(yù)測過的高頻段落。今年是文化年，需要關(guān)注《教程》里所有涉及文化的篇目。

重點(diǎn)摘錄：

1.改革開放30年來，隨著中國逐漸崛起成為政治經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國，海外人士學(xué)習(xí)漢語的現(xiàn)象與日俱增，海外孔子學(xué)院也成了人們學(xué)習(xí)中國語言和中國文化的首選之地。

2.通過學(xué)習(xí)漢語，他們對這個和自己文化大相徑庭的古老文明產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣，而且有機(jī)會了解中國的哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、醫(yī)學(xué)、飲食文化，親身體驗這個文明古國的風(fēng)采。

3.作為第二文化，中國文化也豐富了他們的生活和世界觀。可以說，這個潮流方興未艾。

越來越多的學(xué)習(xí)漢語的美國人除了對中國菜肴贊不絕口之外，也在嘗試針灸，草藥和武術(shù)。

4.他們也看功夫電影，學(xué)習(xí)東方時裝潮流和手工藝crafts，不知不覺的在日常生活中談及中國的點(diǎn)心，人參、銀杏，烏龍茶等。目前在美國最熱門的中國文化是道家學(xué)說和有著神秘色彩的風(fēng)水學(xué)。

2.環(huán)保 Environmental Protection

關(guān)鍵詞：人口控制,2050減少溫室排放

口語：

背景: there are thousands of dialects in China.中國有數(shù)千種方言，是否需要統(tǒng)一，比如固定記者都說普通話

話題: Should a news reporter speak Mandarin?

口譯：

E—C

1.老齡化社會的現(xiàn)狀

關(guān)鍵詞: aging population.難度較高

2.中國的發(fā)展

關(guān)鍵詞：Ceremonial speech, rising china, economic growth.難度較高

C-E

1.中國的國情

關(guān)鍵句：

a.中國是最大的發(fā)展中國家，它的未來發(fā)展的不僅影響著中國人民，也影響著世界的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步。

b.回顧歷史，我們對中國人民充滿信心，中國將堅定不移的實(shí)施改革開放，全面建設(shè)小康社會。

c.中國的發(fā)展與國外的發(fā)展緊密聯(lián)系，互相補(bǔ)充，我們要在平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上加強(qiáng)合作與交流。

d.中國人民希望和平幸福的生活，也希望各國人民攜手實(shí)現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展和普遍繁榮。

2.中國的教育

關(guān)鍵句:

a.我們要尊重老師，政府重視教育。

b.近年來，許多老師到農(nóng)村和偏遠(yuǎn)的地方支教。他們現(xiàn)身教育事業(yè)，默默無聞。

c.作為學(xué)生，即使時代在變化，即使我們功成名就，對于老師的情感不會變。

d.出現(xiàn)一批先進(jìn)人才，古代教育家陶行知先生說，我們應(yīng)該尊師重教。

2010年12月5日下午考題：

根據(jù)新東方口試強(qiáng)化班的Agnes第一時間的回憶，感謝！

口試：

Should E-business pay tax?

電子商務(wù)是否應(yīng)該征稅？

有人認(rèn)為政府減輕稅收會促使這一行業(yè)的發(fā)展，對此你的觀點(diǎn)是？

口譯

E-C

1.如何縮小非洲經(jīng)濟(jì)鴻溝

關(guān)鍵詞：

how to bridge the African financial fund gap, economic crisis, China's efforts in relieving Africa

2.維護(hù)女性的特權(quán)

關(guān)鍵詞：

safeguard women privilege, women's rights & elimination of gender discrimination, joint efforts, gender equality

C-E

1.Sino-US relationship 中美關(guān)系

《教程內(nèi)容》

關(guān)鍵句：

我們認(rèn)為，國際貿(mào)易的基本原則是平等互利，各國追求各自的利益是正常的，出現(xiàn)一些摩擦和糾紛是難以避免的。關(guān)鍵是要以冷靜而明智的態(tài)度正確對待和處理摩擦和糾紛。

就中美貿(mào)易而言，互利共贏的經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系給兩國人民帶來了實(shí)實(shí)在在的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。

今天美國在華投資設(shè)立的企業(yè)已超過4萬家，投資額達(dá)到450億美元。

中國商品也成了美國了最喜愛的。

我們可以預(yù)見，中美貿(mào)易摩擦將隨著經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的深化而凸顯。但是，中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的總體發(fā)展是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的。

2.參觀引導(dǎo)詞 Touring around the new campus

關(guān)鍵句：

歡迎新同學(xué)來到新校區(qū)。新校區(qū)坐落于發(fā)展區(qū)，環(huán)境優(yōu)美，空氣清新，是大家工作學(xué)習(xí)的好去處。

校園分為教學(xué)區(qū)，住宿區(qū)，生活區(qū)，體育區(qū)。教學(xué)區(qū)周樓可容納2000人，我左手邊的是學(xué)生宿舍，可住四人，有電視、書桌、衛(wèi)生間。大家可以再這里度過美好舒適的大學(xué)生活。

漢譯英：

（此題摘自江總書記于一九九九年十月二十二日在英國劍橋大學(xué)的演講）

Passage 1:

中華民族歷來尊重人的尊嚴(yán)和價值。還在遙遠(yuǎn)的古代，我們的先人就已提出“民為貴”的思想，認(rèn)為“天生萬物，唯人為貴”，社會的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，取決于人的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，取決于人的尊嚴(yán)的維護(hù)和價值的發(fā)揮。今天中國所煥發(fā)出來的巨大活力，是中國人民擁有廣泛自由、民主的生動寫照。

中國確保十三億多人的生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)，是對世界人權(quán)事業(yè)的重大貢獻(xiàn)。集體人權(quán)與個人人權(quán)、經(jīng)濟(jì)文化權(quán)利與公民政治權(quán)利緊密結(jié)合和協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，這適合中國國情，是中國人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展的必然道路。

(參考答案)

The Chinese nation has always respected human dignity and value.Even in the ancient days, our ancestors came up with the idea of “people being the most important,” believe that “man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters.” The progress and development of a society hinge on human progress and development and depend on how well human dignity is maintained and how much human value is realized.The immense vitality displayed by China today is a vivid reflection of the broad freedoms and democtatic rights enjoyed by the Chinese people.Chins has a population of over 1.3 billion, and to ensure our people the rights to subsistence and development is in itself a major contribution to the progress of the world human rights cause.Collective and individual human rights should be considered together and their coordinated development should be pursued, and the same considerations should be given to the development of economic and cultural rights on the one hand and of civil and political rights on the other.This is dictated by China’s specific national conditions and therefore, is the only way to progress in human rights cause in Chins

On behalf of all the membership of the United Nations, I hereby reaffirm the role of this international organization.When ti was created more than 60 years ago, the United Nations reflected humanity’s greatest hopes for a just and peaceful global community.It still embodies that dream.We remain the only world institution with the legitinacy and scope that derive from global membership, and a mandate that encompasses development, secutiry and human rights as well as the envoronment.I restate that we are an organization without independent military capability, and we dispose of relatively modest resources in the economic realm.Yet our influence and impact on the world is far greater than many believe to be the case, and often more than we ourselves realize.This influence derives not from any exercise of power, but from the force of the values we represent.Among these values are the maintenance of the world order and the establishment of world harmony.（參考答案）

我謹(jǐn)代表聯(lián)合國所有成員國，在此重申這個國際組織的作用。聯(lián)合國60多年前成立時，反映了人類建立一個公正和平的國際社會的殷切希望。聯(lián)合國至盡仍然代表了這個夢想。我們?nèi)匀皇俏ㄒ痪哂挟a(chǎn)生于會籍普遍性的合法性和規(guī)模，并具有包括發(fā)展、安全和人權(quán)以及環(huán)境在內(nèi)的使命的全球性機(jī)構(gòu)。

我重申，這是一個沒有獨(dú)立軍事能力的組織，在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域也只處理相對不多的資源。然而，我們對世界的影響卻比許多人所認(rèn)為的要大得多，而且常常比我們自己所意識到的還要多。這種影響不是產(chǎn)生于權(quán)利的行使，而是產(chǎn)生于我們所代表的價值觀念的力量。我們的價值觀；包括維護(hù)國際次序，建立和諧世界。

第五篇：2012年11月教育部二級英語口譯真題

2012年11月教育部二級英語口譯真題

中譯英

崔天凱副部長在中美省州長對話開幕式上的致辭 2011年10月19日

Remarks by Vice Foreign Minister Cui Tiankaiat the China-US Governors Dialogue 19 October 2011

尊敬的趙洪祝書記、周強(qiáng)書記和各位中方省長，尊敬的葛瑞格爾州長和各位美國州長，尊敬的李小林會長、霍馬茨副國務(wù)卿，各位來賓，女士們、先生們：

Respected Secretary Zhao Hongzhu, Secretary Zhou Qiang and Chinese governors，Honorable Governor Gregoire and other US governors，President Li Xiaolin，Under Secretary Robert Hormats，Distinguished Guests，Ladies and Gentlemen，很高興出席中美省州長對話。首先，我代表外交部和楊潔篪外長對此次對話成功舉行表示熱烈祝賀。長期以來，中美地方間合作是兩國關(guān)系的重要基礎(chǔ)和推動力量。舉辦中美省州長對話是今年1月胡錦濤主席訪美的重要成果，也是中國外交部和美國國務(wù)院鼎力支持的項目。在全國友協(xié)、美國全國州長協(xié)會共同努力和兩國省州積極支持下，首屆中美省州長論壇于今年7月在美國鹽湖城成功舉行，取得令人振奮的豐碩成果。僅時隔3個月，美國州長代表團(tuán)回訪中國，與中方書記、省長們進(jìn)行新一輪對話。我們?yōu)橹忻赖胤介g合作蓬勃發(fā)展、欣欣向榮的局面感到由衷高興。

I am delighted to attend the China-US Governors Dialogue.Let me begin by extending warm congratulations on the successful opening of the dialogue on behalf of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi.Over the years, subnational cooperation has been an important foundation and driving force of the relations between China and the United States.The launching of the China-US governors dialogue is an important outcome of President Hu's visit to the United States last January and has received full support from the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the US State Department.With the concerted efforts of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and the US National Governors Association and active support from Chinese provinces and US states, the first China-US Governors Forum was successfully held in Salt Lake City in July, producing encouraging and fruitful outcomes.Now, after only three months, the US governors are paying a reciprocal visit to China and joining Chinese provincial leaders for a new round of dialogue.We are really gratified to see such momentum in China-US subnational cooperation.對于中美省州長對話，我有三個期待：

I have three hopes for the China-US Governors Dialogue.希望對話成為中美地方合作的催化劑。中國有34個省級行政區(qū)，美國有50個州、1個特區(qū)、5個聯(lián)邦領(lǐng)地和海外領(lǐng)地，都各具特色和優(yōu)勢，彼此間擁有巨大合作潛力。建立省州長論壇是為兩國地方間交流合作提供高層次機(jī)制化平臺的開創(chuàng)性舉措，不僅將有力促進(jìn)兩國地方共同繁榮，也將自下而上地推動中美總體關(guān)系不斷前進(jìn)。

I hope that the dialogue will become a catalyst for China-US subnational cooperation.China has 34 provincial level administrative divisions.The United States has 50 states, one federal district and five unincorporated territories.Each of them is uniquely positioned with its own advantages and has enormous potential for cooperation with others.The China-US Governors Forum is a creative step that aims at offering a high-level and regular platform for subnational exchanges and cooperation.It will not only promote shared prosperity at the subnational level, but also facilitate the overall China-US relations at the national level.希望對話成為中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的推進(jìn)器。兩國地方省州是中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的主力軍。過去10年，美國有47個州對華出口增幅達(dá)到3位數(shù)甚至4位數(shù)。近年來，中國各省企業(yè)對美投資快速增長，為美國經(jīng)濟(jì)和就業(yè)做出貢獻(xiàn)。清潔能源、節(jié)能環(huán)保、生物醫(yī)藥、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等領(lǐng)域是中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作新的重要增長點(diǎn)。希望兩國地方把握機(jī)遇，積極開拓，把互利共贏的中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作提升到更高水平。

I hope that the dialogue will become a propeller of China-US business ties.Subnational efforts represent a large part of our overall trade and economic cooperation.Forty-seven US states have seen three-and even four-digit growth in their exports to China in the past decade and investment by local Chinese businesses in the United States has grown rapidly and contributed to the US economy and job creation in recent years.Clean energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, biomedicine and infrastructure are the new important growth areas in China-US economic cooperation.I hope that the provinces and states will make the most of these opportunities and take the mutually beneficial economic cooperation between our two countries to an even higher level.希望對話成為中美人民間的友誼橋梁。中美關(guān)系的根基在人民，動力源泉也在人民。中美人民友好交往日益密切，每年人員往來超過300萬人次，平均每天8000多人往返于太平洋兩岸。兩國地方高校、媒體、智庫、青年、民間團(tuán)體之間加強(qiáng)文化、教育、藝術(shù)、體育等形式多樣的交流與合作，將在中美間架起更多友誼與合作的橋梁。希望中美兩國地方政府?dāng)y手合作，為此發(fā)揮引領(lǐng)作用。

I hope that the dialogue will become a bridge of friendship between the people of our countries.People represent both the foundation and source of strength for China-US relations.The friendly exchanges between the Chinese and American people have increasingly intensified.Each year, over three million visits are made between China and the United States.Everyday, more than 8,000 people on average travel across the Pacific.Enhanced and diverse exchanges and cooperation between Chinese and American universities, media, think tanks, youths and civil societies in culture, education, art and sports will forge more friendships and partnerships between China and the United States.I hope that the provincial, state and local governments of China and the United States will join hands and lead such exchanges.金秋十月是收獲的季節(jié)。我謹(jǐn)預(yù)祝本次對話圓滿成功，取得豐碩成果，為中美關(guān)系發(fā)展添上濃墨重彩的一筆。

Fall is the season of harvest.I wish the dialogue full success, leaving an indelible imprint on China-US relations.謝謝大家。

英譯中

希拉里·克林頓創(chuàng)立全球清潔廚灶聯(lián)盟講話

Remarks on Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves at the Clinton Global Initiative Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton September 21, 2010 Sheraton Towers New York, New York 希拉里·克林頓國務(wù)卿在克林頓全球倡議年會上就創(chuàng)立全球清潔廚灶聯(lián)盟發(fā)表講話 2010年9月21日 紐約州紐約市 喜來登大酒店

Thank you all.Thank you.Thank you so much.Thank you.And it is, as always, such a personal pleasure for me to join this remarkable gathering.And I look out at this audience and there are just too many people here who deserve recognition to name all of you, so let me just express my deep appreciation to all the representatives of foreign governments as well as the leaders and advocates who are here with us and who will be sharing the stage.And of course, I do want to thank someone very special, namely my husband, for organizing this event –(applause)– and instilling it with his very special spirit of activism, innovation, and commitment that is contagious.謝謝大家，謝謝，非常感謝，謝謝。和往常一樣，我為能參加這樣一個盛會感到十分高興。環(huán)顧一下在場的與會者，你們都應(yīng)當(dāng)受到表彰，只是人數(shù)太多，恕我不在此一一提名了，因此，就讓我向所有外國政府的代表以及將上臺發(fā)言的與會領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和倡導(dǎo)人士表達(dá)深深的謝意。當(dāng)然，我要感謝一位非常特殊的人物，也就是我的丈夫，感謝他組織這項活動（掌聲）并在這項活動中注入他非常獨(dú)特的、富有感染力的積極行動、創(chuàng)新和奉獻(xiàn)的精神。

Last year at CGI, I spoke about the Obama Administration’s new strategy for international development, which has elevated development alongside diplomacy and defense as the core pillars of American foreign policy.And we are working with our partner countries to help them obtain the tools and capacity that they need to solve their own problems and contribute to solving the world’s shared problems.Our goal is to help people lift themselves, their families, and their societies out of poverty and toward a better life.And this is not development for development’s sake.This work, we believe, advances our own security, prosperity, and values.在去年的克林頓全球倡議年會上，我談到了奧巴馬政府的國際發(fā)展新戰(zhàn)略，這項新戰(zhàn)略將發(fā)展問題提升到與外交和防務(wù)同樣的高度，一起成為美國對外政策的核心支柱。我們與伙伴國家進(jìn)行合作，幫助他們獲取為解決各自面臨的問題所需要的手段和能力，并為解決世界性的共同問題作出貢獻(xiàn)。我們的目標(biāo)是幫助民眾以及他們的家庭和社會擺脫貧困，改善生活。而這一目標(biāo)并非為發(fā)展而發(fā)展。我們相信，這項工作會推進(jìn)我們自身的安全、繁榮和價值觀。

So we have focused on strategic areas where we can make the biggest impact on agricultural change that stretch from the farm to the market to the table and keep people nourished and productive, health systems that help people spend their days working rather than sick or dying, opportunities for women and girls that allow them to contribute to economic and social progress.因此，我們著重于有關(guān)戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)域，對從農(nóng)場到市場再到飯桌的農(nóng)業(yè)變革發(fā)揮最大影響力，并保證人們的營養(yǎng)水平和生產(chǎn)能力；使醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)能夠幫助人們健康地工作，不會疾病纏身甚至死亡；創(chuàng)造機(jī)會使成年和未成年女性能為經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會進(jìn)步作出貢獻(xiàn)。

And today, I am very excited to tell you about a new initiative that will advance these and other efforts, and help put vital new tools in the hands of millions of people.今天，我非常高興地向大家宣布一項新的倡議，以推進(jìn)這方面的努力和其他努力，并幫助億萬人民獲得極其重要的新工具。

As we meet here in New York, women are cooking dinner for their families in homes and villages around the world.As many as 3 billion people are gathering around open fires or old and inefficient stoves in small kitchens and poorly ventilated houses.Many of the women have labored over these hearths for hours, often with their infant babies strapped to their backs, and they have spent many more hours gathering the fuel.The food they prepare is different on every continent, but the air they breathe is shockingly similar: a toxic mix of chemicals released by burning wood or other solid fuel that can reach 200 times the amount that our EPA considers safe for breathing.就在我們在紐約開會之時，世界各地的婦女正在家里和村子里為家人做飯。多達(dá)30億人生起明火，或在窄小的、通風(fēng)不良的廚房里，在老舊低效的廚灶邊忙碌。很多婦女一連幾個小時地在這樣的廚灶邊忙個不停，身上還常常背著嬰兒，而且還要花很多時間拾柴。各大洲的婦女做的飯菜各式各樣，但她們吸入的氣體卻驚人地相似：燃燒的木柴和其他固體燃料所釋放的有毒的化學(xué)混合氣體，可能高達(dá)我國環(huán)保署（EPA）空氣安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)允許含量的200倍。

As the women cook, smoke fills their lungs and the toxins begin poisoning them and their children.The results of daily exposure can be devastating: Pneumonia, the number one killer of children worldwide, chronic respiratory diseases, lung cancer, and a range of other health problems are the consequence.婦女在燒飯時，將煙塵吸入肺部，有害氣體導(dǎo)致她們和她們的孩子中毒。日復(fù)一日地吸入有毒氣體可能造成致命后果：全世界兒童的頭號殺手肺炎、慢性呼吸道疾病、肺癌以及其他各種健康問題。

The World Health Organization considers smoke from dirty stoves to be one of the five most serious health risks that face people in poor, developing countries.Nearly 2 million people die from its effects each year, more than twice the number from malaria.And because the smoke contains greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide and methane, as well as black carbon, it contributes to climate change.世界衛(wèi)生組織認(rèn)為，高污染廚灶產(chǎn)生的煙氣是貧窮的發(fā)展中國家人民所面臨的五種最嚴(yán)重的健康危害之一，每年造成將近200萬人死亡，超過瘧疾造成的死亡人數(shù)的兩倍。此外，由于煙氣中含有諸如二氧化碳、甲烷以及黑碳等溫室氣體，它對氣候變化也大有影響。

There are other consequences as well.In conflict zones like the Congo, the journeys that women must take to find scarce fuel put them at increased risk of violent and sexual assault.Even in safer areas, every hour spent collecting fuel is an hour not spent in school or tending crops or running a business.還有其他一些后果。在像剛果這樣的沖突地區(qū)，婦女為尋找稀少的燒柴必須長途跋涉，致使她們受到暴力和性侵犯的危險更大。即使在比較安全的地方，她們?yōu)槭安穸嗷ㄒ粋€小時，就意味著在學(xué)校、田間或做生意上少花一個小時。

People have cooked over open fires and dirty stoves for all of human history, but the simple fact is they are slowly killing millions of people and polluting the environment.Engineers and development professionals have worked on this problem for decades.My own involvement stretches back many years, and I’m well aware that well-meaning efforts have been launched, but none have managed to match the scope of the challenge.在整個人類歷史進(jìn)程中，人們一直在用明火或高污染廚灶做飯，但一個明確的事實(shí)是，廚灶正在導(dǎo)致千百萬人慢性死亡，同時還在污染環(huán)境。工程師和開發(fā)專業(yè)人員幾十年來一直在努力解決這個問題。我自己參與其中也有很多年了。據(jù)我了解，人們已經(jīng)作出一些良好的努力，但這些努力不足以應(yīng)對這一挑戰(zhàn)的規(guī)模。

But today, because of technological breakthroughs, new carbon financing tools, and growing private sector engagement, we can finally envision a future in which open fires and dirty stoves are replaced by clean, efficient, and affordable stoves and fuels all over the world – stoves that still cost as little as $25.如今，由于出現(xiàn)了技術(shù)突破、新型碳融資手段以及越來越多私營企業(yè)的參與，我們終于可以展望這樣一個未來：明火和高污染廚灶在世界范圍內(nèi)被清潔、高效、價格廉宜的廚灶和燃料所取代——而這樣的廚灶售價只需25美元。

I know that maybe this sounds hard to believe, but by upgrading these stoves, millions of lives could be saved and improved.This could be as transformative as bed nets or even vaccines.So today, I am very pleased to announce the creation of the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves.(Applause.)This is a public-private partnership led by the United Nations Foundation that will work toward the goal of 100 million homes adopting new clean stoves and fuels by 2020.Our long-term goal is universal adoption all over the world, and the alliance is a perfect CGI model of a public-private partnership that already includes governments such as the United States, Germany, Norway, and Peru, international development organizations and local NGOs, as well as foundations and private companies such as Morgan Stanley and Shell.我知道也許這聽起來難以置信，但是通過這些廚灶的升級，數(shù)百萬人的壽命能夠延長、生活能夠改善。這可能會像蚊帳甚或疫苗一樣有變革意義。所以今天，我很高興地宣布創(chuàng)立全球清潔廚灶聯(lián)盟。（掌聲）這是一項公私合作伙伴關(guān)系，由聯(lián)合國基金會挑頭，力爭實(shí)現(xiàn)到2020年讓一億戶人家用上新型清潔廚灶和燃料的目標(biāo)。我們的長遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)是在世界各地普及清潔廚灶，而這個聯(lián)盟則是克林頓全球倡議的一個完美模式，其政府和私營伙伴關(guān)系已經(jīng)包括諸如美國、德國、挪威、秘魯?shù)葒鄠€國際開發(fā)組織和各地的非政府組織，還有各類基金會以及摩根士丹利、殼牌公司等私人企業(yè)。

And we do expect to grow quickly with your help, and this effort will proceed on a number of parallel tracks.First, a major applied research and development effort to improve design, lower costs, and develop global industry standards for cookstoves.There are already some good stoves out there, but we can make them much more durable, efficient, and affordable, and scale up production to reach a mass market.With the right advances, new stoves could even use their own wasted heat to produce electricity that powers smoke-clearing fans, mobile phones, and even household lights.我們確實(shí)期待著在你們的幫助下快速發(fā)展，這一努力將在數(shù)條平行軌道上展開。首先，要有一個重要的應(yīng)用研究和開發(fā)項目，來改善設(shè)計、降低成本，并制定廚灶產(chǎn)業(yè)的全球性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。市場上已經(jīng)有一些效果不錯的爐具，但我們可以把它們設(shè)計得更耐用、高效，經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠，并能擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)，投放大眾市場。如果取得適當(dāng)進(jìn)展，新型廚灶甚至可以用自身余熱發(fā)電，電力又可以驅(qū)動清煙風(fēng)扇、為移動電話充電、甚至用于家庭照明。

Second, a broad-based campaign to create a commercial market for clean stoves, including reducing trade barriers, promoting consumer awareness, and boosting access to large-scale carbon financing.Now, no single stove will meet the needs of every community across the world.In fact, previous efforts have taught us that if local tastes and preferences are not considered, people will simply not use the stoves, and we’ll find them stacked in piles of refuse.That’s why a market-based approach that relies on testing, monitoring, and research is so important, because if we do this right, these new stoves will fit seamlessly into family cooking traditions while also offering a step up toward a better life.其次，要有一項具有廣泛基礎(chǔ)的努力，為清潔爐具開辟一個商業(yè)市場，包括降低貿(mào)易壁壘，以提高消費(fèi)者的意識，并促進(jìn)獲得大規(guī)模的碳融資。不過，任何一種廚灶都不能滿足世界各地每一個社區(qū)的需求。事實(shí)上，以前的經(jīng)驗告訴我們，如果對當(dāng)?shù)氐钠肺逗拖埠貌患涌紤]，人們根本不會使用這些爐具，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們變成堆積如山的廢物。這就是為什么一種以市場為基礎(chǔ)并且依賴于檢測、監(jiān)測和研究的方式是如此重要，因為如果我們的做法得當(dāng)，這些新型廚灶就會完美地融入家庭烹飪傳統(tǒng)，同時也使人們向更美好的生活邁進(jìn)一步。

Third, we will integrate clean stoves into our international development projects so that refugee camps, disaster relief efforts, and long-term aid programs all will act as distribution networks.Women and girls who are obviously the vast majority of stove users will be our focus throughout.Women-owned, micro-financed businesses and networks can extend deep into hard-to-reach communities, and that I know a number of my friends from SEWA, the Self Employed Women’s Association that started in India, has already made a huge difference for millions of women in India.And they’re with us today;you’ll meet them in a minute.And they’re helping us to make this happen more broadly.第三，我們將把清潔廚灶與我們的國際發(fā)展項目結(jié)合起來，這樣，難民營、救災(zāi)行動和長期援助項目等都將成為我們的推廣、分發(fā)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。顯然，作為廚灶主要使用者的婦女和女孩子將是我們自始至終的工作重點(diǎn)。婦女擁有的小型貸款企業(yè)和各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠深深地延伸到難以企及的社區(qū)。我認(rèn)識好幾位來自自我創(chuàng)業(yè)婦女協(xié)會的朋友，這個從印度發(fā)起的組織已經(jīng)改變了數(shù)百萬婦女的命運(yùn)，今天這些朋友也在座，你們很快就會與她們見面。她們正在幫助我們把這個事業(yè)推廣到更大的范圍。

The United States is committing more than $50 million over the next five years to this initiative, and we urge other countries to join us.Our partners have already contributed an additional $10 million, and we’re working to raise more every day with the goal of reaching at least $250 million over 10 years.This is a project that brings, across our government, the experts together, and many of them have long experience in working on clean stoves, but never before have we pulled our resources and our expertise behind a single global campaign, as we are doing today.And never before have we had the range of global partners and coordination that the Alliance for Clean Cookstoves brings with it.美國已承諾在以后5年中為此行動計劃提供5000萬美元，我們敦促其他國家也參加這個行列。我們的伙伴們已經(jīng)捐助了另外1000萬美元，我們每天在努力募集更多資金，我們的目標(biāo)是在10年內(nèi)至少籌到2.5億美元。這個項目把政府各部門的專家們匯聚到一起，他們中的許多人具有研究清潔廚灶的多年經(jīng)驗，但我們以前從未像我們今天所做的那樣，把所有的資源和專長匯集在一個全球性運(yùn)動之中；我們以前也從未有過清潔廚灶聯(lián)盟所帶來的如此廣泛的全球伙伴和協(xié)作。

So we need your help as well.You’re here because you are already committed to identifying and investing in innovative solutions to persistent global problems.So today, I ask you to join us, to be a part of this solution, an issue that brings together so many of our concerns.Whether you’re passionate about health or the environment or sustainable development or women’s empowerment, this is a project for you, and we need you.因此，我們也需要你們的幫助，在座的各位來到這里，是因為你們已經(jīng)承擔(dān)起義務(wù)，找出并投資于創(chuàng)新辦法來解決長期以來困擾著我們的全球性問題。因此，今天我請求你們加入進(jìn)來，成為這個解決辦法的一部分，因為我們?nèi)绱酥嗟年P(guān)切都匯集在這個問題上。無論你是熱衷于健康問題、環(huán)境問題、可持續(xù)發(fā)展問題，還是增加婦女權(quán)益問題，這就是你要做的項目，我們需要你的參與。

The next time you sit down with your own family to eat, please take a moment to imagine the smell of smoke, feel it in your lungs, see the soot building up on the walls, and then come find us at the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves.Hearths, whatever they look like, and wherever we gather around them, where we tell our stories and pass down our values, bind families together.And the benefits from this initiative will be cleaner and safer homes, and that will, in turn, ripple out for healthier families, stronger communities, and more stable societies.So we are excited because we think this is actually a problem we can solve.下一次，當(dāng)你和你的家人一起進(jìn)餐時，請你停頓一個瞬間來設(shè)想一下煙氣的味道，設(shè)想一下它進(jìn)入你肺部的感覺，以及煙灰在墻上聚積的情景，然后就到全球清潔廚灶聯(lián)盟來參加我們的事業(yè)。無論我們的廚灶是什么形狀，無論我們在什么地方圍繞著灶臺，我們都在那里講述經(jīng)歷，傳承價值觀，把我們的家庭緊緊聯(lián)結(jié)在一起。這項倡議將帶來更清潔和更安全的家庭環(huán)境，由此將產(chǎn)生更健康的家庭、更強(qiáng)健的社區(qū)和更穩(wěn)定的社會。因此，我們很興奮，因為我們覺得，這是一個我們能夠切實(shí)解決的問題。

And I want to bring up and introduce to you a woman who has been my partner in this process in the United States Government.She provided invaluable leadership to this effort and has on so many important issues facing our country.The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, Lisa Jackson.現(xiàn)在我要把一位女士介紹給大家，她是我在美國政府中推進(jìn)這個項目的伙伴，她在該項努力中以及在我們國家面臨的其他許多重要問題中發(fā)揮了非凡的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用，她就是美國環(huán)境保護(hù)署署長。