第一篇：現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別

1.邏輯關(guān)系

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語與過去分詞作狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于：兩者與所修飾的主句的主語的邏輯關(guān)系的區(qū)別。

1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。

He went out, shutting the door behind him.他出去后將門隨手關(guān)上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。

2）過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。

Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better.如果多給這個孩子一些鼓勵，他本來會表現(xiàn)得更好。Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困難時，我們必須設(shè)法克服。

3)※部分過去分詞來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不表示“被動關(guān)系”，其前不用being。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：lost in（陷入某種狀態(tài)）、seated（坐著的）、hidden（躲著）、stationed（駐扎）、lost/absorbed（沉溺于）、born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿著）、tired of（厭煩了）等。

Lost/Absorbed/Buried in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?，所以他沒有聽到那個聲音。Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.出生于這個美麗的小鎮(zhèn)，他不愿離開它。

2．時間概念

過去分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，或表示“一種狀態(tài)”，與謂語動作同時發(fā)生或存在。

現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing)表示的動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生或在說話時正在進(jìn)行；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的一個“主動”動作；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動式(having been done)常和表示次數(shù)的短語及時間段(for+一段時間)連用，表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的一個“被動動作”，這種情況下不能用過去分詞替換，其它情況下通常被過去分詞所替換，使句式更簡潔。

Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.因?yàn)閷懙么颐?，這篇文章不是很好。

Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before.他仔細(xì)讀書時，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。Having finished his homework, he went home.完成了作業(yè)，他就回家了。

Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made.進(jìn)行了幾次討論后，終于做出了決定。

第二篇：過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞被動式的區(qū)別

過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞被動式的區(qū)別

(1)過去分詞在構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)，不定式完成式以及被動語態(tài)時，通常不能用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式代替。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)除外)

eg：The door was closed an hour ago．

這門在一小時前就關(guān)閉了。

They have finished their homework。

他們已經(jīng)做完了家庭作業(yè)

(2)過去分詞作前置定語時，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式代替。eg： That was an inspired suggestion．

那是一條由某人提出的建議。

同樣現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式作為定語表示動作時，也不能用過去分詞來代替。eg：The house being built is a big project.正在施工的那幢樓是一項(xiàng)大的工程。

(3)過去分詞作條件、時間等狀語時，不可用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式代替。eg：Given more time，I can do it better．(表?xiàng)l件)

多給點(diǎn)時間，我會做得更好些。

Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.(MET 90)(表示條件)如果多關(guān)心一些，這些樹會長得更好。

Heated ,the metal expands．(表示時間)

加熱后，這種金屬會膨脹。

Asked why he did it，he said it was his duty ．(表示時間)

問及為何要做此事時，他說這是他的職責(zé)。

(4)過去分詞作表語時，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式代替。eg：The top of the mountain is covered with snow.山頂滿是雪。

(5)過去分詞在構(gòu)成have，get, want等動詞后的復(fù)合賓語時，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式。

eg：Why don’t you have the radio fixed?

你為什么不把收音機(jī)拿去修一修?

尤其是一些感官動詞，如：see，hear，find等后構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語時，過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式意思完全不同。

eg:I heard this song being sung by my students in the next room.我聽到隔壁房間的學(xué)生正在吟唱這首歌。

(注：現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式表示正在進(jìn)行的動作)

I have never heard this song sung in English．

我從來沒有聽到過用英語唱這首歌。

(注：過去分詞表示己完成的動作)

(6)在下面一些比較固定的分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中，通常多用過去分詞。eg: all told總計(jì)

all things considered考慮了一切因素之后

this accomplished完成這項(xiàng)工程之后

this explanation given這樣解釋之后

all said and done畢竟

二．過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式的區(qū)別：

及物動詞的過去分詞沒有完成式，但它有“完成”的含義，所以它可以代替現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式。

eg:The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe.=

Weakened by successive storms, the bridge was no longer safe.=

Having been weakened by successive storms, the bridge was no longer safe.=這座橋接二連三地遭到暴風(fēng)雨的襲擊后，己經(jīng)不安全了。

但若強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞表示的行為發(fā)生在后一個動詞表示的行為之前時，可用現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式。

eg:Having been warned about the bandits, he left his valuables at home。當(dāng)警告有強(qiáng)盜出沒時，他就把貴重物品留在家里。

通常過去分詞可作定語使用，而現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式卻不能用作定語。eg:The computer centre, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school.(MET 93)

去年開辦的計(jì)算機(jī)中心很受學(xué)生的歡迎。

(過去分詞既能表示被動又有完成的含義)

The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET 94)

作為外語的英語教科書早在十六世紀(jì)就已經(jīng)出版了。

Most of the artists invited to the party were from south America(MET 90)應(yīng)邀參加舞會的大多數(shù)藝術(shù)家都來自南美。

過去分詞可以用“連詞＋過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，其實(shí)質(zhì)就是狀語從句的省略，而現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式卻不能這樣用。

eg:Once seen, it can never be forgotten.目睹一眼，終生難忘。

If bitten by a snake,you should send for help and don't walk

要是你被蛇咬了，你應(yīng)當(dāng)向別人求助而不要走。

When shot in the leg,he continued to fire back with his gun.雖腿部己遭槍擊，他人仍然繼續(xù)開槍還擊。

The room,although supposed to be kept locked,was often left open.通常以為是鎖著的那個房間，其實(shí)經(jīng)常敞開著。

綜上所述，過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞被動式無論其形式和內(nèi)涵，都有一定的差異。正確地區(qū)別它們的異同，準(zhǔn)確地運(yùn)用它們的表達(dá)形式，對英語學(xué)習(xí)者來說，尤為重要，只要多加比較，反復(fù)體會，就能掌握這一知識點(diǎn)。

第三篇：過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞練習(xí)題

過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞練習(xí)題

1.He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting 2.Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _______ the girl and took her away, _______ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappeared C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing 3.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked 4.Though _____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in 5.In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ for another hour.A.waiting B.to wait C.wait D.to be waiting 6._______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered 7.The bell ______ the end of the period rang, ______ our heated discussion.A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interrupting C.indicating;interrupted D.indicated;interrupted 8.______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.A.Suffered B.Suffering C.Having suffered D.Being suffered information.9.He sent me an E-mail, ______ to get further information.A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope 10.The ______ boy was last seen_______ near the East Lake.A.missing;playing B.missing;play C.missed;played D.missed;to play 11.The picture ______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung 12.“We can ' t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _______ out of the window.A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked 13.Don't leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.A.run B.running C.being run D.to run 14.More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ______ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.A.taking B.taken C.having taken D.having been taken 15.In the past, this work, __ highly skilled, was usually done by men.A.considering B.to consider C.being considered D.considered 16.It's necessary to be prepared for a job interview.______ the answer ready will be of great help.A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having 17.“You can' t catch me!” Janet shouted, ________ away.A.run B.running C.to run D.ran 18.There was a terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.A.following B.to be followed C.followed D.being followed 19.______ the child to bed, she began to correct the pupils' exercises.A.Sending B.Being sent C.Sent D.Having sent 20.________ a reply, we decided not to wait any longer.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 21.We expressed our satisfaction with the talk, _______ that we would visit the city again.A.having added B.adding C.to add D.added 22.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _________ “Call 68837822”.A.reading B.reads

C.to read D, read 23._______ from the space, the Great Wall lies in the mountains tike a huge dragon.A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 24.I should say sorry to him.I regret to help him that day.A.refusing B.to refuse C.refused D.refuse 25.When _______, ice changes into water.A.to heat B.heating C.heated D.they are heated 26.He dived iht0 the water, ________ only his face A.leaving;exposed B.leaving;exposing C.left;exposed D.left;exposing 27.________ many times, but he still couldn' t understand it.A.Though he had been B.Having been told C.Having told

D.He had been told 28._______ his address, I couldn't go to see him yesterday.A.Not known B.Known not C.Knowing not D.Not knowing 29.Reading this instructive book, ___________.A.tears came to his eyes B.his eyes were filled with tears C.he burst into tears D.his eyes were full of tears 30.________ , we had to go home.A.There was no bus B.We couldn' t find a bus C.There being no bus D.There no bus 31._______ to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.Xkb1.com A.Having not been invited B.Not having been invited C.Having not invited D.Not having invited 32._______ to the sun, rain and wind for a long time, the stone split.A.Expose B.Exposed C.Exposing D.To expose

第四篇：現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語比較

現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語比較

由于現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞具有形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，在句中可作表語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和定語。作定語時，既可作前置定語，又可作后置定語?，F(xiàn)將其用法歸納如下，供大家參考。

一、前置定語：單獨(dú)一個分詞作定語時，一般情況下被放在被修飾的名詞前面，例如：

1.現(xiàn)在分詞：幾乎所有的現(xiàn)在分詞都可以作前置定語，現(xiàn)在分詞表示它所修飾名詞的動作，二者有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，并且表示所修飾詞的特點(diǎn)、性質(zhì)等。（可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從）。例如：Barking dogs seldom bit.=Dogs which barks seldom bit.愛叫的狗很少咬人。

（注意）作前置定語的現(xiàn)在分詞前面可有狀語修飾，有兩種情況：一是已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，狀語多用very, rather等加強(qiáng)詞，如：This is a rather boring film.這是部令人厭煩的影片。二是一般的現(xiàn)在分詞不能用加強(qiáng)詞作狀語，但可用其他副詞，例如：不能說：rather moving vehicles但可以說：fast moving vehicles 飛快行駛的車輛

2.過去分詞：所有的及物動詞的過去分詞都可以做前置定語,不及物動詞過去分詞做前置定語時，一般過去分詞前有副詞修飾，但也有小數(shù)幾個可以單獨(dú)作前置定語。過去分詞與已經(jīng)完全變成了形容詞的過去分詞做前置定語的區(qū)別是：前者表示中心詞承受動作的結(jié)果或狀態(tài)；而后者表示中心詞的特點(diǎn)。例如：

a newly arrived student新到的學(xué)生（arrived是不及物動詞，但前有newly修飾）an escaped convict逃犯（escaped不及物）

a retired worker退休工人（retired不及物）

a locked door上鎖的門（locked表示中心詞door鎖后的狀態(tài)）

an experienced doctor有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)生（experienced表示中心詞doctor的特點(diǎn)）

二、后置定語：

1）當(dāng)被修飾的詞是由some/any/no ＋thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的不定代詞或指示代詞those等時，雖然是一個單一的分詞作形容詞用，但也要放在其后。（可變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句）例如：

There has been nothing changed since I left Harbin two years ago.自從兩年前離開，哈爾濱一直沒有什么變化。

2)當(dāng)分詞短語作定語時，一定要放其之后。例如：

The bottle containing(=which contained)the poison was sent to the laboratory.盛毒品的瓶子被送到實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

They have intimate knowledge of the subject being investigated(=which is being investigated).他們對所研究的題目非常熟悉。

注意：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式不能做后置定語。但是，如果中心詞是泛指的，偶爾可用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式做后置定語。例如：

不能說：

The man having written that book is our teacher.應(yīng)該說：

The man who has written that book is our teacher.寫那本書的人是我們的老師。

Any man having written such a book is worthy of praising.（泛指）無論是誰，能寫出這樣的書，都應(yīng)該受到表揚(yáng)。

第五篇：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞練習(xí)

現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞練習(xí)

I.單項(xiàng)選擇

1.There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed 2.The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B.C., didn’t include women until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be playing 3.What’s the language ____ in Germany?

A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak 4.Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting 5.The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 6.The news sounds ____.A.encouraging B.encouraged C.encourage D.to encourage 7.—How did Bob do in the exams this time? —Well, his father seems ____ with his results.A.pleasing B.please C.pleased D.to please 8.—How did the audience receive the new play?

—They got very ____.A.excite B.excited C.excitedly D.exciting 9.The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying 10.—Good morning.Can I help you? —I’d like to have the package ____, madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed 11.He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself ______.A.understand B.understanding C.understood D.understands 12.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face.A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move 13.“Can’t you read?” Mary said，____ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angril C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing 14 ____ a reply, he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 15.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 16．The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 1.____ the house on fire, he dialed 119.A.To see B.Seeing C.Having seen D.Being seen

2.I fell down and broke three of my teeth.I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____.A.fix B.fixing C.fixed D.to fix 3.We’re ___ to listen to her ____ voice.It’s ___ to hear her sing.A.pleased;pleasing;pleasure B.pleased;pleasant;a pleasure C.pleasing;pleased;a pleasure D.pleasing;pleasant;pleasure 4.___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps.A.Passed, buying B.Passing, to buy C.Having passed, buy D.Pass, to buy 5.____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A.Comparing B.To compare C.Compared D.Having compared 6.Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings.A.designing B.design C.designed D.to design 7.____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.A.To save B.Saving C.Saved D.Having saved 8.The teacher came into the classroom ____by his students.A.following B.to be following C.followed D.having followed 9.With the money ___, he couldn’t buy any ticket.A.to lose B.losing C.lost D.has lost 10.There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ____.A.being heard B.hearing C.heard D.hear 11.The result of the test was rather _____.A.disappointed B.disappointing C.being disappointed D.disappoint 12.I’ve never heard the word ____in spoken English.A.use B.used C.using D.being used 13._____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.A.Not to know B.Not knowing C.Knowing not D.Not known 14.Deeply __, I thanked her again and again.A.being moving B.moved C.moving D.to be moved 15.With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.A.came B.comes C.come D.coming

16.____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.A.Having shown B.Showing C.Has shown D.Having been shown 17.He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines.A.gathering B.gathered C.gather D.being gathered 18.The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions.A.follow B.following C.followed D.being followed 19.The ___price will save you one dollar for each dozen.A.reduce B.reducing C.reduced D.reduces 20.People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.A.live B.to live C.lived D.living 21.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ___.A.understand B.understanding C.to understand D.understood 22.The scientists were waiting to see the problem ______.A.settle B.settled C.to settle D.settling 23.The library’s study room is full of students _____for the exam.A.busily prepared B.busy preparingC.busily prepare D.are busily preparing 24.The ground is _____with ____ leaves.A.covering, falling B.covered, fallingC.covered, fallen D.covering, fallen 25.Lessons ____easily were soon forgotten.A.to learn B.learn

C.learned D.learning