第一篇：一般過(guò)去時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法及區(qū)別

① 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法

a)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與過(guò)去時(shí)間連用.a moment ago(剛才)，yesterday morning，last night/ week，the day before yesterday(前天)，just now(剛才)等。

He suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天他突然生病了。

b)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

I wrote home once a week at college.我上大學(xué)時(shí)每周給家里寫(xiě)一封信.c)表示過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一系列動(dòng)作。

She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.她走進(jìn)房間，拿起一本雜志，認(rèn)真地翻閱了起來(lái)。

d)在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí).We would not leave until the teacher came back.老師回來(lái)我們才會(huì)離開(kāi)。

②一般過(guò)去時(shí)的特殊用法

a)在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

I wish I were twenty years younger.但愿我年輕20歲。

b)在口語(yǔ)中，一般過(guò)去時(shí)往往顯示委婉客氣

Might I come and see you tonight?

我想今晚來(lái)看你，好嗎？

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法:

1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的某個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個(gè)影響或結(jié)果，一般不與過(guò)去時(shí)間連用，常同already, just, yet等狀語(yǔ)連用

例：I have just turned off the light.我剛剛把燈關(guān)上。（結(jié)果是燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了）She has lost her bike.她把自行車(chē)丟了。（影響是他現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有自行車(chē)騎了）

2)表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并可能繼續(xù)下去（也可能不繼續(xù)下去），常同包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連，也同“for+時(shí)間段”或“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”的狀語(yǔ)連用She has taught in the school for ten years.她在這所學(xué)校教書(shū)已經(jīng)10年了。

I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast.我從早飯起就一直沒(méi)有吃東西。

3)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間到說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)這段時(shí)間中反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或多次動(dòng)作的總和，常同頻度副詞always, often, seldom, never等連用

I have been to the Great Wall twice.我曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城兩次

過(guò)去完成時(shí)用法：

1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。表示的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：”by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)、by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)、before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.當(dāng)他到達(dá)晚會(huì)時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)客人已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。

2.過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或持續(xù)下去，常與for，since等詞連用。例如：

When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.當(dāng)杰克到時(shí)，他得知瑪麗已經(jīng)離開(kāi)快一個(gè)小時(shí)了。

4.某些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、計(jì)劃或打算。常用的動(dòng)詞有hope，expect，suppose，think，want，wish等。例如：

They had hoped to be able to arrive before ten.他們本來(lái)打算能在10點(diǎn)之前到達(dá)達(dá)一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法比較。

1.“一般過(guò)去時(shí)”所關(guān)心的是過(guò)去之事,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)聯(lián)系，常帶有表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所關(guān)心的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系。一般不與過(guò)去具體時(shí)間連用。當(dāng)需要指明過(guò)去一個(gè)特定的時(shí)刻發(fā)生的事情時(shí)，需要使用一般過(guò)去式。

Ａ.I ________(lose)my pen.Can you lend me yours?

Ｂ.Why don't you buy one?

Ａ.It _______(fall)into the river only a moment ago when I washed my hands.Now I've got to fill in a form with a pen.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與for或since引起的短語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，表達(dá)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)至今，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)與“for＋一段時(shí)間”連用時(shí)，只指過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去延續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

We___________(stay)here for three weeks.I think we are going to stay another two weeks.（說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)人還在）

He __________(stay)here for three weeks last year.（并不表示現(xiàn)在是否在）

3.一般過(guò)去時(shí)帶有表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻的時(shí)間狀態(tài)，如yesterday,last year(month,week,night)，in 1980…

I ______(come)the day before yesterday.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)包含說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)在內(nèi),如today,this week(month,year),these days(years)或與說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)非常接近，如recently,just,in(during)the past three years。Great changes _______(take)place in the last ten years

5如果一件事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去并且延續(xù)到說(shuō)話(huà)的這個(gè)時(shí)刻，就需要使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。They have lived here for a long time

6一般過(guò)去時(shí)比現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)更能表達(dá)事情的結(jié)果

John has taught math for twenty years.保留了約翰繼續(xù)教數(shù)學(xué)的可能性

John taught math for twenty years.表明約翰已經(jīng)不再教數(shù)學(xué)了，他可能退休了，換工作了，或者去世了。

7如果一件事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去并且延續(xù)到說(shuō)話(huà)的這個(gè)時(shí)刻，就需要使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。They have lived here for a long time.他們?cè)谶@里已經(jīng)生活了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。

二、一般過(guò)去式與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)則表示過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作或時(shí)間之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在相比，強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去”，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)則與過(guò)去相比，強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。

我們來(lái)比較下列句子：

The meeting _________(start)at six o'clock./ start的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在at six o'clock。The meeting ___________(start)when we arrived at the hall./ start的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作arrived之前。

過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，以現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，以過(guò)去時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，只有和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。比較：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。

第二篇：一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

時(shí)態(tài)是各種考試中經(jīng)?？疾榈膬?nèi)容，學(xué)習(xí)者容易混淆的三組時(shí)態(tài)是：一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在我們就談?wù)勔话氵^(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，這種動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可能只發(fā)生過(guò)或存在過(guò)一次，也可能是經(jīng)常性的。在含有一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子中通常有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有：yesterday,last month,in 1999,two days ago等。同時(shí)也要注意過(guò)去時(shí)在語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用，在沒(méi)有明確時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的情況下，大家對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)判定往往容易出錯(cuò)，原因是只憑漢語(yǔ)意思不看語(yǔ)境。語(yǔ)境中的過(guò)去時(shí)，往往表示“剛才，剛剛”之意，暗示“現(xiàn)在已不再這樣”。例如： I didn’t know you were here.我不知道你在這里。

I never thought he would do that.我從沒(méi)想到他會(huì)做出這樣的事。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。它既可表示到現(xiàn)在為止已完成的動(dòng)作，又可表示沒(méi)有完成的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：already,yet,just,ever,so far,up to now,in the past five years等?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過(guò)去特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如yesterday,last month,three years ago,in 1989等連用；但可以和表示不確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如：ever,never,just,not?just等連用，也可以和包括this

week,today等在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以從以下幾方面來(lái)區(qū)分。

首先，從一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的影響來(lái)區(qū)分。一般過(guò)去時(shí)所表示的過(guò)去一段時(shí)間是可以具體確定的，與其他時(shí)間沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。它所表示的事情純屬過(guò)去，與現(xiàn)在情況沒(méi)有聯(lián)系?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的事情發(fā)生在不能具體指出、現(xiàn)在以前的、過(guò)去某個(gè)或某段時(shí)間。它所表示的事情與現(xiàn)在情況有關(guān)系，是過(guò)去事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響。

其次，從與一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)搭配的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)區(qū)分。一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday,last night,two days(months,weeks)ago,at that time等；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的狀語(yǔ)有：already,just,yet,never,before等；表示從過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：today,now,lately,recently,in the last/past few days/years,since then,up to now,so far（至今）等。

最后，請(qǐng)比較下面幾組句子，以體會(huì)兩種時(shí)態(tài)的不同。He served in the army from 1952 to 1954.He has served in the army for 5 years.I saw Hero last year.I have seen Hero before.綜上所述，在區(qū)分一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)，要重點(diǎn)區(qū)分時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。

第三篇：一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)別

一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞 have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。助動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明該謂語(yǔ)是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍。它和主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)要保持一致。過(guò)去分詞是主要的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明句子的意義。

2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的行為對(duì)主語(yǔ)目前產(chǎn)生的影響。即用過(guò)去發(fā)生的某個(gè)行為來(lái)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。

We are good friends.(現(xiàn)在的情況）I knew him in 1997.（過(guò)去的動(dòng)作）

We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)并著眼于現(xiàn)在）

（1）表完成和結(jié)果：動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。如：-Have you had lunch yet?

在我不餓了）

（2）表持續(xù)：從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。

如：He has taught here since 1981.（可能還要繼續(xù)教）

（3）表經(jīng)驗(yàn)：說(shuō)話(huà)前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”，常帶有twice, ever,never, three times等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過(guò)北京二次。

3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday,last

Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。

如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未”等。

如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。

c.用表示到說(shuō)話(huà)為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。

例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)她，但記不起在哪里見(jiàn)

過(guò)。

He has been there three times the last few days.近幾天他去過(guò)那里三次了。

d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。

例如：-Have you met him today?-No, I haven't.今天你見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎？我 沒(méi)有。

How many times have you been there this year?今年你去過(guò)那里多少次？

（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)

刻開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.但是，像come, arrive, buy等

短暫性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。要用，必須改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表述?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由

短暫性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：

arrive →be herebegin(start)→be ondie →be deadcome back →be back

leave →be awayfall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up →be up1-Yes, I have.I've just had it.（現(xiàn)

go out →be outfinish →be overput on →wear 或be onopen→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of?close →be closedgo to school →be a student

borrow →keepbuy→havecatch(a cold)→have(a cold)get to know →know

begin to study →studycome to work →work等

如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開(kāi)始十分鐘了。

4.幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)

（1）have been(to)與have gone(to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）；have

gone(to)表示去某地了（說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)北京兩

次。He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。

（2）如單純表示一段時(shí)間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時(shí)。

如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父親去

世已有兩年了。

（3）短暫性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)

連用。

如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來(lái)，我一直沒(méi)有離開(kāi)過(guò)這兒。

(4)表示行為或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要加表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常

用 for＋一段時(shí)間, since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)，since+一段時(shí)間+ago.如：I have lived here since my childhood.我從小就一直住在這里。

(5)在提問(wèn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用 how long。如：How long have you lived here?

注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí)，根據(jù)終止時(shí)間的不同，時(shí)態(tài)使用是不一樣的。如：

I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在這里住了一周。

I have lived here for a week by now.到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。

I will live here for a week next year.明年我會(huì)在這里住一周。

二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。

I have just been to London.I went there last month.我剛?cè)ミ^(guò)倫敦，是上個(gè)月去的。

1.過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)

過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

2.過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): yesterday, last week，?ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間

狀語(yǔ)

共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in

past years, always,3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, work, study,know.過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來(lái)了。

---Will somebody go and get Dr.White?---He's already been sent for.句中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。

（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、練習(xí)題

1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday.I _______ it on.It fits me well.A.had made?have triedB.made?have triedC.has made?triedD.made?tried“He ____to draw horses already”.“When ______ he ?” “ Last year “

A.learned?hasB.learned?didC.has learned?hasD.has learned?did

3.Tom _____up into the tree.Look, he ____ high up there!

A.has got?isB.has climbed?wasC.got ?wasD.climbed?is

4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.A.Did?copy?didB.Have?copied?haveC.Have?copied?didD.Did ?copy?had

5.“Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now.”

A.did?get?shoutedB.has?got?shoutedC.did?get?has shoutedD.has?got?has shouted

6.______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?

A.Have ?seen?did?see

C.Have?seen?have?seenB.Did ?see?did?watchD.Did ?see?have?seen

7.You ____ me waiting for two hours.I ____ for you since five.A.kept?waitedB.have kept?waitedC.kept?have waitedD.have kept?have waited

8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library.He _________ there for an hour.A.has?been?has gone B.has?gone?has beenC.did?go?wentD.did?be?went

9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.A.Has?cried?has stoppedB.Is?crying?stopped

C.Did ?cry?stoppedD.Is?crying?has stopped

10.I _______ the way.I ________ here for quite many years.A.knew?have livedB.knew?liveC.know?have livedD.know?live

11._____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.A.Have?gone toB.Have?gone inC.Have?been toD.Have ?been in

12.My brother ____college for over three years.A.has gone toB.has been toC.has been inD.has been at

13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989.He ______ in the army since then.A.joined?isB.has joined?has beenC.had joined?isD.had joined ?has been

14.By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites.A.came?have sentB.came?had sentC.come?have sentD.had come?sent

15.Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock.Then he ____ a rest.A.went?tookB.went?had takenC.had gone?tookD.had gone?had taken

16.We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.A.had found?had beenB.had found?wasC.found?had beenD.found?was

17.Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.A.reaches?has got B.reached?had gotC.reached?gotD.had reached?got

18.I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.A.wrote?heardB.wrote?had heardC.had written?heardD.have written?hear

19.People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.A.say?had stoppedB.said?has stoppedC.say?stoppedD.said?had stopped

20.We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.A.didn’t get?had hadB.got?had hadC.had got?had hadD.got?hadn’t had

21.They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.A.flew?arrivedB.had flown?had arrivedC.flew?had arrivedD.had flown?arrived

22.She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.A.says?has rainedB.says?had rainedC.said?had rainedD.said?rained

23.John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.A.had worked?knewB.had worked?had knownC.worked?knewD.worked?had known

24.He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.A.had got?had waitedB.got?waitedC.had got?waitedD.got?had waited

25.-I have seen the film “Titanic” already.-When __________ you __________ it？-The day before yesterday.A.have； seenB.will； seeC.did； seeD.did； seen

26.Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.A.livedB.has livedC.livesD.is going to live

27.We ____________ trees last Sunday.So far we __________ over 3，000 trees there.A.planted； plantedB.planted； have plantedC.have planted； plantedD.have planted； have planted

28.—I’m sorry, Cathy, I ______ your radio for such a long time.—Never mind.A.have borrowedB.have lentC.have keptD.have returned

29.—Where have you ______ these days?—I have ______ to Yangzhou with my friends.A.been, goneB.been, beenC.gone, beenD.gone, gone

30.—Where is your father? We haven’t seen each other for weeks.—______.A.He has been to America

B.He has gone to EnglandD.He would visit my grandparentsC.He is going to Australia

31.They have ______ since the factory opened.A.left the schoolB.joined the teamC.become workersD.worked here

32.Jim ______ the Great Wall many times.A.went toB.goes toC.has gone toD.has been to

33.It ______ ten years since they ______ to France.A.was, movedB.was, have movedC.is, have movedD.is, moved

34.—______ to the United States?—No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.A.Have you beenB.Have you goneC.Did you goD.Will you go

35.I won’t go to see the film tonight because I ______ my ticket.A.didn’t loseB.have lostC.will loseD.didn’t have

36.Miss Wu has taught in this school ______.A.for ten yearsB.ten years agoC.since ten yearsD.for ten years ago

37.I ______ today’s homework already.What about you?

A.have finishedB.finishC.to finishD.finishing

38.—Ann has gone to Shanghai.—So ______ her parents.A.hasB.hadC.didD.have

第四篇：一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)別專(zhuān)題

一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)別專(zhuān)題

一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞 have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明該謂語(yǔ)是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍。它和主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)要保持一致。過(guò)去分詞是主要的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明句子的意義。

2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的行為對(duì)主語(yǔ)目前產(chǎn)生的影響。即用過(guò)去發(fā)生的某個(gè)行為來(lái)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。We are good friends.(現(xiàn)在的情況）

I knew him in 1997.（過(guò)去的動(dòng)作）

We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)并著眼于現(xiàn)在）

（1）表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。-Have you had lunch yet?

-Yes, I have.I've just had it.你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過(guò)。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）

（2）表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。

如：He has taught here since 1981

他自1981年就在這兒教書(shū)。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）

I haven't seen her for four years.我有四年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她了。

（3）表示說(shuō)話(huà)前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”，常帶有twice,ever,never,three times等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過(guò)北京二次。

3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑問(wèn)句中。

如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。

如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。

c.用表示到說(shuō)話(huà)為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。

例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)她，但記不起在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)。

He has been there three times the last few days.近幾天他去過(guò)那里三次了。

d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。

例如：-Have you met him today?-No, I haven't.今天你見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎？我 沒(méi)有。

How many times have you been there this year?

今年你去過(guò)那里多少次？

（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.但是，像come,arrive,buy等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表述?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：

arrive→be herebegin(start)→be on

die→be deadcome back→be back

leave →be awayfall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)

get up→be upgo out→be out

finish →be overput on→wear 或be on

open→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of…

close→be closedgo to school→be a student

borrow→keepbuy→have

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know

begin to study→studycome to work→work等

如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開(kāi)始十分鐘了。

We have studied English for three years.我們（開(kāi)始）學(xué)英語(yǔ)已三年了。

4.幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)

（1）have been(to)與have gone(to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）”，可用于各人稱(chēng)；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱(chēng)，前者可與once ,never, several times等連用，后者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)北京兩次。

He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。

（2）如單純表示一段時(shí)間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時(shí)。

如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有兩年了。（3）終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來(lái)，我一直沒(méi)有離開(kāi)過(guò)這兒。(4)表示行為或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要加表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用 for＋一段時(shí)間, since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

I have lived here since my childhood.我從小就一直住在這里。

I have lived here for 10 years.我在這已經(jīng)住了10年了。

(5)在提問(wèn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用 how long

How long have you lived here?

注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí)，根據(jù)終止時(shí)間的不同，時(shí)態(tài)使用是不一樣的。如：

I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在這里住了一周。

I have lived here for a week by now.到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。

I will live here for a week next year.明年我會(huì)在這里住一周。

二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。

I have just been to London.I went there last month.我剛?cè)ミ^(guò)倫敦，是上個(gè)月去的。

1.過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

2.過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。舉例：I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）

Why did you get up so early?（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了。）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。）

She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。

She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來(lái)了。

He has been in the League for three years.(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))

He has been a League member for three years.(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))

He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。)

I have finished my homework now.---Will somebody go and get Dr.White?

---He's already been sent for.句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、練習(xí)題

1.A.用 already或 yet

1)Have they taken down the old pictures ___yet___? No, not ___haven’t_______.2)Most of us have finished our compositions _____阿拉ready___

3)He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _____yet___.B.用 since或 for

1)We have learned five lessons __scince____ the beginning of this term.2)Mrs Liao has been in hospital ___scince___last week.3)I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.C.用have gone或 have been

1)Where are the boy students ? They _____ to the school factory.2)Is your father in ? No, he ____ to Shenzhen._______he ever ______ there before ? Yes, he ___ there several times

3)He asked me if I_____ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I ____ never ____ to that city before.2.選擇填空

1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday.I _______ it on.It fits me well.A.had made…h(huán)ave triedB.made…h(huán)ave triedC.has made…triedD.made…tried“He ____to draw horses already”.“When ______ he ?” “ Last year “

A.learned…h(huán)asB.learned…didC.has learned…h(huán)asD.has learned…did

3.Tom _____up into the tree.Look, he ____ high up there!

A.has got…isB.has climbed…wasC.got …wasD.climbed…is

4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.A.Did…copy…didB.Have…copied…h(huán)aveC.Have…copied…didD.Did …copy…h(huán)ad

5.“Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now.”

A.did…get…shoutedB.has…got…shouted

C.did…get…h(huán)as shoutedD.has…got…h(huán)as shouted

6.______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?

A.Have …seen…did…seeB.Did …see…did…watch

C.Have…seen…h(huán)ave…seenD.Did …see…h(huán)ave…seen

7.You ____ me waiting for two hours.I ____ for you since five.A.kept…waitedB.have kept…waitedC.kept…h(huán)ave waited D.have kept…h(huán)ave waited

8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library.He _________ there for an hour.A.has…been…h(huán)as gone B.has…gone…h(huán)as beenC.did…go…wentD.did…be…went 9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.A.Has…cried…h(huán)as stoppedB.Is…crying…stoppedC.Did …cry…stoppedD.Is…crying…h(huán)as stopped

10.I _______ the way.I ________ here for quite many years.A.knew…h(huán)ave livedC.knew…liveC.know…h(huán)ave livedD.know…live

11._____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.A.Have…gone toB.Have…gone inC.Have…been toD.Have …been in

12.My brother ____college for over three years.A.has gone toB.has been toC.has been inD.has been at

13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989.He ______ in the army since then.A.joined…isB.has joined…h(huán)as beenC.had joined…isD.had joined …h(huán)as been

14.By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites.A.came…h(huán)ave sentB.came…h(huán)ad sentC.come…h(huán)ave sentD.had come…sent

15.Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock.Then he ____ a rest.A.went…tookB.went…h(huán)ad takenC.had gone…tookD.had gone…h(huán)ad taken

16.We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.A.had found…h(huán)ad beenB.had found…wasC.found…h(huán)ad beenD.found…was

17.Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.A.reaches…h(huán)as gotB.reached…h(huán)ad gotC.reached…gotD.had reached…got

18.I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.A.wrote…h(huán)eardB.wrote…h(huán)ad heardC.had written…h(huán)eardD.have written…h(huán)ear

19.People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.A.say…h(huán)ad stoppedB.said…h(huán)as stoppedC.say…stoppedD.said…h(huán)ad stopped 20.We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.A.didn’t get…h(huán)ad hadB.got…h(huán)ad hadC.had got…h(huán)ad hadD.got…h(huán)adn’t had

21.They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.A.flew…arrivedB.had flown…h(huán)ad arrived

C.flew…h(huán)ad arrivedD.had flown…arrived

22.She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.A.says…h(huán)as rainedB.says…h(huán)ad rainedC.said…h(huán)ad rainedD.said…rained

23.John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.A.had worked…knewB.had worked…h(huán)ad known

C.worked…knewD.worked…h(huán)ad known

24.He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.A.had got…h(huán)ad waitedB.got…waitedC.had got…waitedD.got…h(huán)ad waited

25.-I have seen the film “Titanic” already.-When __________ you __________ it？

-The day before yesterday.A.have； seenB.will； seeC.did； seeD.did； seen

26.Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.A.livedB.has livedC.livesD.is going to live27.We ____________ trees last Sunday.So far we __________ over 3，000 trees there.A.planted； plantedB.planted； have plantedC.have planted； plantedD.have planted； have planted 練習(xí)答案：

1.A.1)already, yet2)already3)yet

B.1)since2)since3)since

C.1)have been2)has gone, Has, been, has been3)have been, have been

2.BDACAADBDCCDDBCABCDBDCADCBB

第五篇：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別

1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都表示在過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作, 但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系, 如

對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，一般不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試比較：① Who has opened the door?誰(shuí)把門(mén)開(kāi)了？（現(xiàn)在門(mén)還開(kāi)著）

Who opened the door? 誰(shuí)開(kāi)的門(mén)？(指過(guò)去，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。現(xiàn)在門(mén)是關(guān)著還是開(kāi)著，沒(méi)有說(shuō)明。)② — Have you had your lunch?你吃過(guò)午飯沒(méi)有？（意即你現(xiàn)在不餓嗎？）

— Yes, I have.吃了。（意即我現(xiàn)在飽了，不要再吃了。）

— When did you have it? 你什么時(shí)候吃的？（說(shuō)話(huà)人感興趣的是“吃”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在什么時(shí)候。）

2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

yesterday, once, last week,...ago, in

1980, in October, just now等具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till/ until, up to now, in past/last years, always等不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

this morning, tonight, this April, now, ever, before, already, recently, lately等。

3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know等。

過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。eg.① I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）

I have seen this film.(強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)

② He has been in the League for three years.(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))

He has been a League member for three years.(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))

He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。)

句子中如有一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如yesterday, last week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。

(錯(cuò))Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(對(duì))Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.