第一篇：2014全國高考單選時(shí)態(tài)整理

2014全國高考匯編之動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)

1.（2014安徽卷）23．The twins, who their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.A.will finishB.finishC.have finishedD.had finished

2.（2014北京卷）22.---Hi, let’s go skating.---Sorry, I’m busy right now.I ___ in an application form for a new job.A.fillB.have filledC.am fillingD.will fill

3.（2014北京卷）23.Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour.A.byB.inC.forD.until

4.（2014北京卷）31.---What time is it?

---I have no idea.But just a minute, I ______ it for you.A.check B.checkedC.will checkD.would check

5.（2014北京卷）32.I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived.A.startedB.was startingC.would startD.had started

6.（2014大綱卷）22.Unless extra money____, the theatre will close.A.was foundB.findsC.is foundD.found

7.（2014大綱卷）32.The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ______ them since.A.seesB.sawC.has seenD.had seen

8.（2014福建卷）23.—Haven't seen you for ages!Where have you been?

—I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.A.stayedB.stayC.had stayedD.am staying

9.（2014湖南卷）28.Since the time humankind started gardening, we _____to make our environment more beautiful.A.tryB.have been tryingC.are tryingD.will try

10.（2014湖南卷）, a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.A.bought B.have boughtC.will buy D.buy

11.（2014江蘇卷）23.—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?

—Well, the media _________it in a variety of forms.A.cover B.will cover C.have covered D.covered

12.（2014江西卷）----Tony , why are your eyes red ?

---I __ up peppers for the last five minutes.A.cutB.was cuttingC.had cutD.have been cutting

13.（2014山東卷）1.Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we______.A.will expectB.are expectingC.expectD.had expected

14.（2014山東卷）5.They made up their mind that they______ a new house once Larry changed jobs.A.boughtB.would buyC.have boughtD.had bought

15.（2014陜西卷）22.During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________,A.would recommendB.had recommendedC.have recommendedD.were recommending

16.（2014四川卷）9.She ______ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.A.phonedB.had phonedC.was phoningD.has phoned

17.（2014天津卷）11.We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________.A.are being madeB.will be madeC.have been madeD.had been made

18.（2014浙江卷）11.Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _____ most of the guests before.A.has seenB.had seenC.sawD.would see

19.（2014重慶卷）4.You’d better write down her phone number before you ___ it.A.forgetB.are forgettingC.forgotD.will forget

20.（2014重慶卷）8.James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ___until yesterday.A.will comeB.was comingC.had come D.came

第二篇：2014高考時(shí)態(tài)題

高二英語備課組學(xué)案必修 五 時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)學(xué)案校正：高二英語備課組日期：2014-09-11I． 當(dāng)堂達(dá)標(biāo)

1、Edward, you play so well.But I _____ you played the piano.A.didn’t knowB.hadn’t knownC.don’t knowD.haven’t known2、Excuse me.I ____ I was blocking your way.A.didn’t realizeB.don’t realize

C.haven’t realizedD.wasn’t realizing3、--Oh！You bumped me!

--I am sorry.But I ___ to catch the coming bus.A.tryB.triedC.am tryingD.was trying4、--Is anything wrong , Bob? You look sad.--Oh, nothing much.In fact, I ___ of my friends back home.A.have just thoughtB.was just thinking

C.would just thinkD.will just be thinking5、--Did you see a man in black pass by just now?

--No, sir.I ____ a newspaper.A.readB.was readingC.would readD.am reading6、--Has your former classmate come back from America?

--Yes, he ___ there for eight years.A.has stayedB.staysC.stayedD.had stayed

*************2014真題演練******************

1.（2014安徽卷）23．The twins, Who _____their homework, were allowed to play

badminton on the playground.A.will finishB.finishC.have finishedD.had

finished

2.（2014北京卷）22.---Hi, let’s go skating.---Sorry, I’m busy right now.I _______in an application form for a new job.A.fillB.have filledC.am fillingD.will fill

3.（2014北京卷）23.Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______

half an hour.A.byB.inC.forD.until

4.（2014北京卷）31.---What time is it?---I have no idea.But just a minute, I ______ it for you.A.checkB.checkedC.will checkD.would check 5.（2014北京卷）32.I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived.A.startedB.was startingC.would startD.had started 6.（2014大綱卷）22.Unless extra money____, the theatre will close.A.was foundB.findsC.is foundD.found7..（2014福建卷）23.—Haven't seen you for ages!Where have you been?—I went to Ningxia andthere for one year, teaching as a volunteer.A.stayedB.stayC.had stayedD.am staying 8..（2014湖南卷）28.Since the time humankind started gardening, we _____to make our environment more beautiful.A.tryB.have been tryingC.are trying D.will try 9.（2014湖南卷）34.Whenever you, a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.A.bought B.have boughtC.will buy D.buy 10.（2014江蘇卷）23.—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?—Well, the media _________it in a variety of forms.A.cover B.will cover C.have covered D.covered11.（2014江西卷）24.----Tony , why are your eyes red ?---I __ up peppers for the last five minutes.A.cutB.was cuttingC.had cutD.have been cutting12.（2014山東卷）1.Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we______.A.will expectB.are expectingC.expect D.had expected13.（2014山東卷）5.They made up their mind that they______ a new house once Larry changed jobs.A.boughtB.would buyC.have boughtD.had bought14.（2014陜西卷）22.During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________,A.would recommendB.had recommendedC.have recommendedD.were recommending 15.（2014四川卷）9.She ______ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.1

高二英語備課組學(xué)案必修 五 時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)學(xué)案校正：高二英語備課組日期：2014-09-11

A.phonedB.had phonedC.was phoningD.has phoned

16.（2014天津卷）11.We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________.A.are being madeB.will be madeC.have been madeD.had been made

17.（2014浙江卷）11.Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that

she _____ most of the guests before.A.has seenB.had seenC.sawD.would see

18.（2014重慶卷）4.You’d better write down her phone number before you ___ it.A.forgetB.are forgettingC.forgotD.will forget

19.（2014重慶卷）8.James has just arrived, but I didn’t knowhe ___until yesterday.A.will comeB.was comingC.had comeD.came

第三篇：2014高考時(shí)態(tài)題

2014高考英語試題---動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)

(2014安徽卷)23．The twins, who______ their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.A.will finishB.finishC.have finishedD.had finished(2014山東卷)1.Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we ______.A.will expectB.are expectingC.expectD.had expected(2014山東卷)5.They made up their mind that they______ a new house once Larry changed jobs.A.boughtB.would buyC.have boughtD.had bought(2014北京卷)22.—Hi, let’s go skating.—Sorry, I’m busy right now.I ___ in an application form for a new job.A.fillB.have filledC.am fillingD.will fill(2014北京卷)31.—What time is it?

— I have no idea.But just a minute, I ______ it for you.A.checkB.checkedC.will checkD.would check

(2014北京卷)32.I found the lecture hard to follow because it ______ when I arrived.A.startedB.was startingC.would start D.had started(2014福建卷)23.—Haven't seen you for ages!Where have you been?

—I went to Ningxia and____ there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.A.stayedB.stayC.had stayedD.am staying

(2014湖南卷)28.Since the time humankind started gardening, we ______ to make our environment more beautiful.A.tryB.have been tryingC.are tryingD.will try(2014湖南卷)34.Whenever you______ a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.A.bought B.have boughtC.will buy D.buy

(2014江蘇卷)23.—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?

—Well, the media______ it in a variety of forms.A.coverB.will coverC.have covered D.covered(2014江西卷)24.—Tony , why are your eyes red ?

—I ______ up peppers for the last five minutes.A.cutB.was cuttingC.had cutD.have been cutting(2014全國大綱卷)22.Unless extra money______, the theatre will close.A.was foundB.findsC.is foundD.found(2014全國大綱卷)32.The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ______ them since.A.seesB.sawC.has seenD.had seen(2014陜西卷)22.During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ______.A.would recommend B.had recommendedC.have recommended D.were recommending

(2014四川卷)9.She ______ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.A.phoned B.had phoned C.was phoningD.has phoned(2014天津卷)11.We won’t start the work until all the preparations______.A.are being madeB.will be madeC.have been madeD.had been made

(2014浙江卷)11.Sofia looked around at all the faces;she had the impression that she ______ most of the guests before.A.has seenB.had seenC.sawD.would see(2014重慶卷)4.You’d better write down her phone number before you ____ it.A.forget B.are forgettingC.forgotD.will forget(2014重慶卷)8.James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ______ until yesterday.A.will comeB.was comingC.had comeD.came

【答案】D【解析】句意：已經(jīng)完成家庭作業(yè)，這對(duì)雙胞胎允許在操場上打羽毛球。根據(jù)句意可知他們完成作業(yè)是在被允許到操場上打羽毛球之前。過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”。根據(jù)句意可知，finish是過去動(dòng)作(were allowed)之前已完成的回答者敘述客觀講述過去了生的事，他在寧夏待了一年，沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，也沒有持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)回來了，所以空格處用一般過去時(shí)陳述事實(shí)?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】句意：自從人類開始搞園藝活動(dòng)以來，我們一直都在設(shè)法讓我們的環(huán)境變得更美麗?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者剛剛終止，或者可能詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在2012年這些報(bào)告就不見了，從那以

后沒有人見過?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也可表示過去已經(jīng)開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。句中的關(guān)鍵詞since表明空格處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故C正確?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在Jerry在西安停留期間，他幾乎品嘗了朋友向他推薦的所有方食物。過去完成動(dòng)作，所以用過去完成時(shí)。【答案】D【解析】句意：親手填寫所有的邀請(qǐng)函比我們預(yù)料的更耗時(shí)。過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”。根據(jù)句意可知，expect是過去動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作，所以用過去完成時(shí)?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】句意：他們決定，一旦拉里換了工作就買新房子。一般過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的某一時(shí)間來看將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，空格處表示將要發(fā)生的事情，所以用過去將來時(shí)?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】句意：—喂，我們?nèi)セ?！—?duì)不起，我現(xiàn)在很忙，正在填寫一份新工作的申請(qǐng)表?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是表示說話之時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在或一直進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。其形式為：be+動(dòng)詞的ing（現(xiàn)在分詞）。根據(jù)句意可知，空格處表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】句意：——現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了？——不知道。請(qǐng)稍等，我現(xiàn)在幫你看一下。根據(jù)句意可知，空格用will表示臨時(shí)決定要做某事?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難聽懂那堂課，因?yàn)楫?dāng)我到達(dá)時(shí)，已經(jīng)開始上課了。過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”。根據(jù)句意可知，start是過去動(dòng)作(arrived)之前已完成的動(dòng)作，所以用過去完成時(shí)?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】句意：—很久沒見到你了！去哪兒了？—我去了寧夏，在那里待了一年時(shí)間，當(dāng)志愿者教書。根據(jù)句意可知，仍然要繼續(xù)下去，常與since，for連用引導(dǎo)的狀語連用，其構(gòu)成為：主語+助動(dòng)詞（have/has）+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他成分。句中強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性和反復(fù)性，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】句意：無論何時(shí)你購買禮物，你都應(yīng)該從接受者的角度來考慮。根據(jù)句意以及主句的時(shí)態(tài)可知，所填詞用一般將來時(shí)，但在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，通常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】句意：—你了解即將在南京舉行的青奧會(huì)嗎？—媒體已經(jīng)以多種形式對(duì)青奧會(huì)做了報(bào)道?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也可表示過去已經(jīng)開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，回話者對(duì)青奧會(huì)已有了解?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】句意：—Tony，為什么眼睛很紅啊？—在過去的5分鐘里，我一直在切辣椒?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者剛剛終止，或者可能仍然要繼續(xù)下去，常與since，for連用，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+助動(dòng)詞（have/has）+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)句意可知，空格處用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性和反復(fù)性?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】句意：除非找到另外的資金，否則這家影院會(huì)關(guān)門。主句中的時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來時(shí)，則unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句也表示將來的時(shí)間；在條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，從句中主語money 與find構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以空格處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】考查動(dòng)時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”。根據(jù)句意可知，“Jerry的朋友向他推薦食物”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在tried動(dòng)作之前，即“過去的過去”，所以用過去完成時(shí)。故B正確?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)她正打電話給別人,所以我對(duì)她點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭,離開了。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，其形式為was /were + V-ing。根據(jù)句意可知，空格處用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故C正確?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：直到所有準(zhǔn)備工作都做好后，我們才開始工作。在時(shí)間狀語從句中使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)，表示到將來某個(gè)時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成的事情。故C正確。【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：Sofia往周圍看了看所有的人，她有印象，多數(shù)客人以前都見過。用過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”。題中 “看到過這些客人”發(fā)生在“had impression(有印象)”之前，所以用用過去完成時(shí)?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：你最好忘記之前記下她的電話號(hào)碼。在時(shí)間狀語從句中應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，所以A項(xiàng)正確?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：詹姆斯剛剛抵達(dá),昨天我才知道他要來。See, come, go、leave, start, begin等詞可用過去現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表過去將來。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。

第四篇：2014高考單選易錯(cuò)題

1.I think Mrs.Stark could be _____ between 50 and 60 years of age.A.anywhereB., anybodyC.anyhowD.anything

2.what did you do last weekend?

A.muchB.elseC.everD.yet

3.Raymond’s parents wanted him to have _____ possible education.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.the best

4._____ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.A.CanB.MustC.ShallD.Should

5.---Is Anne coming tomorrow?

---______.If she were to come, she should have called me.A.Go aheadB.CertainlyC.That’s rightD.I don’t think so

6.Top graduates from universities are _____ by major companies.A.chasedB.registeredC.offeredD.compensated

7.She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ______ in last year’s election.A.symbolB.portraitC.identityD.status

8.The idea “happiness”, ______ , will not sit still for easy definition.A.to be rigidB.to be sureC.to be perfectD.to be fair

9.–Dad, I don/t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.---I see.I’ll go right away and _______.A.pay him backB.pay him offC.put him awayD.put him off

10.I can’t meet you on Sunday.I’ll be _____ occupied.A.mightB.wouldC.shouldD.could

11.Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to _______ the soul of Qu Yuan.A.rememberB.remindC.recoverD.recall

12.Good families are much to all their members, but _____ to none.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing

13.As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can ____ concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.A.catch sight ofB.get hold ofC.take charge ofD.make mention of

14.----I can’t remember those grammar rules!

-----.practice more.A.You’re not aloneB.It’s hard to sayC.I’m afraid notD.It’s up to you

15.People are recycling many things which they _____ away in the past.A.had thrownB.will be throwingC.were throwingD.would have thrown

16.It’s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and, _____, supply more jobs,A.howeverB.anywhereC.thereforeD.otherwise

17.When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected ______.A.commandB.comparisonC.complimentD.contribution

18.Ralph W.Emerson would always ______ new ideas that occurred to him.A.set offB.set aboutC.set upD.set down

19.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _____to our shop for quality problems.A.returningB.returnedC.to returnD.to be returned

20.James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ___ until yesterday.A.will comeB.was comingC.has comeD.came

21.Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi ______the bus had dropped her.A.untilB.whenC.althoughD.where

第五篇：高考英語時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)總結(jié)

十六種時(shí)態(tài)

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

用法：A)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。B)習(xí)慣用語。

C)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。例：He always helps others.（他總是幫助別人。）

D)客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則無法保持 主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。E)表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，（僅限于某些表示“來、去、動(dòng)、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等動(dòng)詞)可以與表示未來時(shí)間的狀語搭配使用。常見用法是：飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開車。）How often does this shuttle bus run?（這班車多久一趟？）

F)在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在（有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）表示將來事 情。

例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成這份報(bào)告的時(shí)候，我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個(gè)小時(shí)了。）

2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)用法：現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)

用法：A)表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。

例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A)didn't sell B)sold C)haven't sold D)would sell答案（C)

B)表示從過去某時(shí)刻開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況，并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語常用since加一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，或for 加一段時(shí)間，或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。

例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A)are to challengeB)may be challengedC)have been challengedD)are challenging全句意思是：“雖然牛頓是個(gè)偉大的人物，但他的許多見解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn)，并且被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物動(dòng)詞，在本句中應(yīng)是被動(dòng)語態(tài)；動(dòng)作延續(xù)到今天，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)?？梢姶鸢甘?/p>

C)have been challenged。A)are to challenge和D)are challenging都是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，不可能是答案。B)may be challenged雖是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但意思與全句內(nèi)容不合，不對(duì)。C)表示發(fā)生在過去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或情況。通常用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。例：John has broken his left leg.約翰摔斷了左腿。注意事項(xiàng)：A)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去時(shí)的區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài)，或受動(dòng)態(tài)的影響，是動(dòng)態(tài)的結(jié)果，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響；過去時(shí)只表示過去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個(gè)過去的事實(shí)，他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。）He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過去開始工作，一直工作到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。）

B)因?yàn)楹衒or加一段時(shí)間或since加一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)這樣的時(shí)間狀語的完成時(shí)，有動(dòng)態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn)，所以不能使用終端動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞。例：My sister has married.Don't disturb her.（終端動(dòng)詞）My sister has been married for 5 years.（過去分詞做表語表示狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)）

C)在“this is the first/ second/ third?? time that??”句型里要求用完成時(shí)。

例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國際展覽會(huì)。）

D)句型“It is/ has been??since”所使用的兩種時(shí)態(tài)都正確。

例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（從我上次見到他以來已經(jīng)10年了。）

E)在“no sooner than”、“hardly/ scarcely ??when”、“before”、“prior to”等句型中，主句要求完成時(shí)。例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我從未見過那位教授。）

4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have been doing)

用法：表示某一動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)間，延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今，或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。

例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前為止，我們一直在處理那個(gè)項(xiàng)目，已經(jīng)花了一個(gè)多月時(shí)間了。）注意事項(xiàng)：與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)：在從過去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間里，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。

例：（1997年6月四級(jí)第45 題）It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take

the machine apart to put it right.A)had leakedB)is leakingC)leakedD)has been leaking

從本題上下文看，這兩個(gè)句子的意思是：“看來，這個(gè)管道漏油已有一段時(shí)間了，我們將不得不拆卸機(jī)器排除故障。”第二句表示將要采取的措施。第一句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在第二句之前，并且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止仍在繼續(xù)。因此，空格中需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。D)has been leaking是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了B)is leaking。由于本句有時(shí)間狀語for some time，表示謂語動(dòng)作延續(xù)，謂語不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，必須用和完成時(shí)有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。有些考生誤選了C)leaked或A)had leaked。是因?yàn)樗麄儧]有注意到本題第二句是一般將來時(shí)，所以第一句的謂語不能用過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)。

5.一般過去時(shí)

用法：A)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。

B)表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型，本身表示的 就是過去時(shí)。

例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人過去常常坐在寧靜的公園里的一條長椅上，看著其他的人，一坐就是數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)，什么也不干，也不和任何人交談。）

He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。）

C)有時(shí)可代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。

例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借車用一用，可以嗎？）

Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在這里嗎？）

注意事項(xiàng)： A)注意時(shí)間狀語的搭配。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語應(yīng)該是表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間的詞或詞組，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對(duì)不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用，因?yàn)檫@樣的時(shí)間狀語都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

B)used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別：你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對(duì)。

Used to do經(jīng)常與 be used to doing sth/ sth結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。前者表示“過去常常或過去曾經(jīng)”，要求加動(dòng)詞原形；后者表示“習(xí)慣于”，要求加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。

6.過去完成時(shí)(had done)

用法：表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說的：表示“過去的過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)”。Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.A)didn't hear C)hasn't heard B)hasn't been hearing D)hadn't heard

全句的意思是：“到那時(shí)為止，他家里已經(jīng)有六個(gè)月沒得到他的消息了?！庇纱丝梢钥闯?，謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到過去的某一時(shí)刻才完成，因此謂語要用過去完成時(shí)。答案是D)。其它選項(xiàng)中：A)didn't hear，因?yàn)橐话氵^去時(shí)只表示過去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，所以不能與時(shí)間狀語for six months連用。B)hasn't been hearing，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)刻繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，與題意不符。C)hasn't heard，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)刻到現(xiàn)在為止發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。而題中的then只表示過去的某一時(shí)刻，不能表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。注意事項(xiàng)：“過去的過去”這種邏輯關(guān)系常通過上下文體現(xiàn)出來，而不一定受某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語的限制。

例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.（剛才有人在我們的房間里，因?yàn)槲覀兇蜷_前門進(jìn)來時(shí)，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃燒的香煙。）分析：雖然時(shí)間狀語是just now，似乎應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí)，但是“在房間里”這個(gè)狀態(tài)是在“開門”和“注意”這兩個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作之前就存在的，所以應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。

7.過去將來時(shí)(would/ should do)

用法：表示從過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事。

例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.（我星期四說我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。）事項(xiàng)：由于過去將來時(shí)是由過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)組合而成的，所以其注意事項(xiàng)可以參考過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)的相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。

8.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/ were doing)

用法：A)表示在過去一個(gè)比較具體的時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.（10分鐘前，瑪麗正在聽輕音樂。）

B)如果when, while這樣的時(shí)間狀語引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過去時(shí)，則另一個(gè)句子常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.（你敲前門時(shí)我正在洗頭發(fā)。）注意事項(xiàng)：其它與將來時(shí)有關(guān)的事項(xiàng)請(qǐng)參見下面所講的一般將來時(shí)。

9.一般將來時(shí)

用法：A)基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do。例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我們將送給她一個(gè)玻璃的手工制品，作為給她的生日禮物。）

B)有些動(dòng)詞，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般進(jìn)行時(shí)，并且通常與一個(gè)表示將來時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用，可以表示將來時(shí)。

例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我媽媽下周將來看我，并會(huì)呆到5月。）

C)表示“打算去??，要??”時(shí)，可用be going to do。

例：This is just what I am going to say.（這正是我想說的。）

D)表示“即將、正要”時(shí)，可用be about to do。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。

例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.別擔(dān)心，我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查E)“be to do”的5種用法：

a)表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。

例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見到她。）

b)該做或不該做的事情（語氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語氣。例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子們，你們必須 上床睡覺，不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。）

c)能或不能發(fā)生的事情（接近c(diǎn)an, may）

例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢？）

d)不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情，后來將要發(fā)生的事情。

例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attendedB.will be attended toC.is attendedD.is attended to

will be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是：attend表示“處理，解決”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，必須與to連用。另外，從上下文看，事情顯然尚未解決，所以應(yīng)該用將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案是B。

e)用于條件從句“如果??想，設(shè)想”（接近if ??want to,或if ??should）

例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.A)is to beB)can beC)will beD)has been

答案是A)is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必須作出更大努力來增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量。”F)同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。

例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.（教練想要放棄這場比賽了，因?yàn)閷?duì)方已經(jīng)射進(jìn)了7個(gè)球。）

例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.（我希望到明年你回來的時(shí)候，他的身體已經(jīng)好多了。）

10.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)(will be doing)

用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。

例：Don't worry, you won't miss her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.（別擔(dān)心，你不會(huì)認(rèn)不出她的。她到時(shí)會(huì)穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。）

注意事項(xiàng)：由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)融合在一起的，所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)，可參考“一般將來時(shí)”和“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。

11.將來完成時(shí)(will have done)

用法：表示從將來的某一時(shí)間開始、延續(xù)到另一個(gè)將來時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或是發(fā)生在某個(gè)將來時(shí)間，但對(duì)其后的另一個(gè)將來時(shí)間有影響的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)平移到時(shí)間軸的將來時(shí)時(shí)段一樣。其用法從和過去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，變成了和將來及將來的將來有關(guān)。

本題考核謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。全句的意思是：“會(huì)議從開始到結(jié)束將持續(xù)整整一個(gè)星期?！本渲衎y the time it ends表示動(dòng)作要延續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)刻，因此要用將來完成時(shí)。答案是B)will have lasted。如果選A)，因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞must后面接動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)形式表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定推測，而本句的時(shí)間狀語是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了時(shí)態(tài)不呼應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤。Would雖可以表示推測或可能性，但would last不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作，所以C)would last錯(cuò)誤。因?yàn)镈)has lasted是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作，所以也不正確。

注意事項(xiàng)：由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來時(shí)和完成時(shí)融合在一起的，所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)，可以參考“一般將來時(shí)”和“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。

12)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：（shall have been doing，will have been doing）

例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.（到下個(gè)月底為止，這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。）（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）

13)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：（had been doing）

例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.（我回到家之前，我10歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個(gè)舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。）（此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個(gè)過去的過去的動(dòng)作一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行。）（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）

14)過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：（should be doing , would be doing）

例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.（政府承諾說第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。）（此句的時(shí)間狀語是具體的將來時(shí)間，所以最好用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。）（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）

15)過去將來完成時(shí)：（should have done , would have done）

例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.（我堅(jiān)信到那年年底為止，那個(gè)軟件的新版本將被開發(fā)出來。但是我錯(cuò)了。）（此句為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）

16)過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：（should have been doing , would have been doing）

例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.（他們說到第二個(gè)月底為止，這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。）

高中英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)總結(jié)

一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式

1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化 被動(dòng)語態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式, 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由be＋過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式為：

1)am/is/are +done(過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2）has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3）am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)例A new cinema is being built here．

4）was/were done 一般過去時(shí) 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5）had been done 過去完成時(shí) 例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6）was/were being done 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 例A meeting was being held when I was there.7）shall/will be done 一般將來時(shí) 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8）should/would be done 過去將來時(shí) 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9）shall/will have been done 將來完成時(shí)（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.10）should/would have been done 過去將來完成時(shí)（少用）

2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式

1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter

2)有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改為He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3)當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動(dòng)。

Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5)有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”，“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3.非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài))。