第一篇：2012全國普通高等學(xué)校運動訓(xùn)練、民族傳統(tǒng)體育專業(yè)單獨統(tǒng)一招生考試英語模擬試題及答案

2008年全國普通高等學(xué)校運動訓(xùn)練、民族傳統(tǒng)體育專業(yè)單獨統(tǒng)一招生考試英語模擬試題

（一）第一卷（三大題，共100分）

Ⅰ單項選擇

1.Mr Green is ____ football fan.His favorite is Ronaldo, one of ____ most famous football players in the world.A.the;/B./;theC.a;theD.the;a

2.—Is this black pen yours?--No.Tom was here.Maybe it’s ____.A.herB.hersC.himD.his

3.Now I can speak ____ English than I did last year.A.manyB.muchC.moreD.most

4.--____ is your father today?--He’s feeling much better.Thank you.A.HowB.WhatC.WhereD.Why

5.One of the night of July13, 2001, ___ People went to Tian’an Men Square to cheer for winning the bid to host the 2008 Olympics in Beijing.A.millionB.millionsC.million ofD.millions of

6.– Is there ___ good in today’s newspaper?--Sorry, no good news.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything.7.I don’t like talking on __ phone;I prefer writing ____ letters.A.a;theB.the;/C.the;theD.a;/

8.—Do you want tea or coffee?--.I really do not mind.A.BothB.NoneC.EitherD.Neither

9.____ is good manners to say hello to each other when people meet.A.ThatB.ThisC.ThereD.It

10.No matter where they are, my parents go to ___ every Sunday morning.A.churchB.the churchC.a churchD.churches

11.An ____ is a group of words with a particular meaning.A.explanationB.instructionC.expressionD.advice

12.–What does the person look like?--A tall young lady, wearing a black dress made of silky____.A.colorB.clothesC.materialD.model

13.I managed to make myself understood with ____ help of___ phrase book.A./;aB.a;theC.the;aD./;/

14.We can’t afford to let the situation get worse.We must taketo put it right.A.directionsB.stepsC.sidesD.decisions

15.We have every reason to believe that ______ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be ______ success.A./ … aB.the … /C.the … aD.a … a

16.There is still a copy of the book in the library.Will you go and borrow ?-No, I’d rather buyin the bookstore.A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;it

17.These football players had no strict until they joined Our club．

A．practiceB．educationC．exercisesD．training

18.Silo went to the bookstore and bought．(2006北京卷)

A．dozen booksB．dozens booksC．dozen of booksD．dozens of books

19.The newly-built railway station is only aride from the city center.A.thirty minutesB.thirty-minuteC.thirty minute' sD.thirty minutes'

20.The head office of the bank is in Beijing，but it hasall over the country.A．companiesB．branchesC．organizationsD．businesses

Ⅱ 完型填空閱讀下面兩篇短文，掌握其大意，然后從21至40各題所給A、B、C、D四個選項中選出一個最佳答案，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

Every day we have math class.We always show interest in it.Some sleep;some daydream;others read something else.listens to our math teacher.To solve this problem, our clever math teacher found aout at last.Mr.Black thought everyone liked candy, the only way to get our attention was to gave us candy.A clever came upon him.He put a lot of candies inside a big ball that anyone could open.In class he asked us some questions.When anybody answered one question, Mr.Black would throw the ball to the student and the student couldsome of the candy out of the ball.Then, the student would have to throw the ball to the next one with the right answer, and so forth.The idea made usand pay attention for a while but son all of us went back.We all ate too much candy.The only person in our math class wholike the idea was a fat boy named Ward.He just kept eating and eating until finally Mr.Black had to say‖ I’m sorry, Ward, but I just don’t have enough money to buy candy.‖

21.A.great B.much C.some D.little

22.A.Everybody B.Somebody C.Nobody D.Anybody

23.A.student B.ball C.problem D.way

24.A.since B.when C.that D.whether

25.A.mind B.idea C.teacher D.opinion

26.A.quickly B.alone C.right D.clearly

27.A.take B.keep C.receive D.buy

28.A.give in B.go out C.sit up D.let down

29.A.listen B.sleep C.eat D.study

30.A.never B.also C.even D.still

B

My sister and I grew up in a little village in England.Our father was a struggling , but I always knew he was.He never criticized us, but used to bring out our best.He’d say, ―If you pour water on flowers, they flourish.If you don’t give them water, they die.‖ I remember as a child I said something about somebody, and my father said, ―Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it’s a reflection of you.‖ He explained that if I looked for the best in people, I would get the best in return.From then on I’ve always tried tothe principle in my life and later in running my company.Dad’s also always been very.At 15, I started a magazine.It was taking up a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a: stay in school or leave to work on my magazine.I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, as any good father would.When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, ―Richard, when I was 23, my dad persuaded me to go into law.And I’ve regretted it.I wanted to be a biologist, but I didn’t pursue my dream.You know what you want.Go fulfill(實現(xiàn))it.‖ As it turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a nationalfor young people in the U.K.My wife and I have two children, and I’d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad _me.31.A.biologist B.manager C.lawyer D.gardener

32.A.strict B.honest C.special D.learned

33.A.praise B.courage C.power D.warmth

34.A.unnecessary B.unkind C.unimportant D.unusual

35.A.revise B.set C.review D.follow

36.A.understanding B.experienced C.serious D.demanding

37.A.suggestion B.decision C.notice D.choice

38.A.always B.never C.seldom D.almost

39.A.newspaper B.magazine C.program D.project

40.A.controlled B.comforted C.reminded D.raised

Ⅲ 閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D 四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題

卡上將該項涂黑。

A

George Banks was a clever journalist.He worked for a good newspaper, and he liked arguing with anybody, and about anything.Sometimes the people whom he argued with were as clever as he was, but often they were not.He did not mind arguing with stupid people at all: he knew that he could never persuade them to agree, because they could never really understand what he was saying, and the stupider they were, the surer they were that they were right, but he often found that stupid people said very amusing things.At the end of one argument which George had with one of these less clever people, the man said something which George has always remembered and which has always amused him.It was, ―Well, sir, you should never forget this: there are always three answers to every question, your answer, my answer, and the correct answer.‖

41.George liked arguing.A.neither with anybody nor about anythingB.either with anybody or anything

C.not with anybody but about anythingD.not only with anybody but also about anything

42.The people whom George often argued with were.A.those who were cleverer than himB.those who were stupider than him

C.both such clever people as he and those who were notD.only the clever people

43.George thought the stupider they were, the surer they were that they were right because.A.the stupider they were, the less knowledge they hadB.they were not worth arguing

C.stupid people often said very amusing thingsD.clever people were always right

44.According to one of these less clever people's words, ―there are always three answers to every question, …‖ meant.A.George's answer was rightB.the man's answer was right

C.George's and the man's answers were not rightD.there was not a right answer

B

In reading science, a heading often gives a clue(線索)to a problem that is going to be discussed.Getting the problem clearly in your mind is the first step to take in studying such material.You are advised to do the following in reading science articles.Read the title and think about it.Read all of the headings.You should get a clear idea of what the problems are without reading anything but the headings.Next, read the article all the way through carefully.Each time you come to a heading that names a problem, read the paragraphs under that heading to find out:

1)more information about the problem;

2)how the problem may be met.45.This passage offers advice on _______.A.how to read titles and headingsB.how to find headings in an article

C.what problems to be discussed in science articleD.how to read science material

46.It is advisable for you _________.A.to read the heading which you think is the title

B.to read the heading that names a problem

C.to read one heading and the paragraph under it each time

D.to read the heading only

47.Read the whole article after _______.A.you have got all the information about the problemB.you understand the title

C.you have read one paragraph after anotherD.you are clear about what to be discussed

48.You read the whole article carefully_________.A.to get all the headingsB.to see how the problem is discussed

C.to name problemsD.to think about the title

C

The market is a concept.If you are growing tomatoes in your backyard for sale you are producing for the market.You might sell some to your neighbor and some to the local manager of the supermarket.But in either case, you are producing for the market.Your efforts are being directed by the market.If people stop buying tomatoes, you will stop producing them.If you take care of a sick person to earn money, you are producing for the market.If your father is a steel worker or a truck driver or a doctor or a grocer, he is producing goods or service for the market.When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market.You may spend money in stores, supermarkets, gas station and restaurants.Still you are buying from the market.When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck, he is buying your labor in the labor market.The market may be something abstract（抽象的）.But for each person or business who is making and selling something, it is very concrete.If nobody buys your tomatoes, it won’t be long before you get the message.The market is telling you something.It is telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the market doesn’t want you to do.49．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?

A．Selling and Buying.B．Everything you do is producing for the market.C．What is the market?D．What the market can do for you.50．All of the following acts are producing for the market except.A．working in a bankB．a(chǎn)ttending a night school

C．printing a bookD．growing beans for sale

51．You are buying from the market when you

A．borrow a book from the libraryB．drive to the seaside for a holiday

C．look after your childrenD．dine at restaurant

52．The word ―concrete‖ in the last paragraph may most probably mean.A．seriousB．importantC．necessaryD．real

53．In what way is the market very concrete for each person or business who is making and selling something?

A．It tells you what to produceB．It provides you with everything you need

C．It tells you how to grow tomatoesD．It helps you save money

D

Shanghai—Shanghai officials are welcoming a new national-water law that they say will help them protect the upper reaches of the Huangpu River and other water ways in Shanghai.The new law, which came into effect yesterday, updates a law enacted（頒布）in 1988 that focused on supplying water to needy areas, but didn’t pay a great deal of attention to environmental protection.The previous law, for example, gave local authorities power over waterways in these areas, but didn’t pay attention to the sources of those rivers and lakes.So, Shanghai was responsible for cleaning and protecting the lower reaches of the Chang Jiang River but had no say in how the river’s upper reaches, which feed into Shanghai, are maintained.The new law will make it easier to control the amount of waste that ends up in local rivers and reduce inefficient use of waterways, said Zhang Jia-yi, director of the Shanghai Water Affairs Bureau, on the bureau’s website commenting on law yesterday.Zhang said the new law focuses on the efficient(高效的)use of water sources and emphasizes the harmonious(和諧)development of China’s population, its economy and environment.Zhang also emphasizes the city will crack down on companies and individuals that pollute the city’s water sources.The bureau sets up a special force to investigate(調(diào)查)water pollution in March.So far this year, the bureau has published more than 3 million in fines on various polluters, Zhang said.54.The best title for the news report should be ______.A.A new Law Is BornB.A New Water Law to Protect Rivers

C.Is it Necessary to Protect the RiversD.Make Full Use of Water Sources

55.The underlined phrase ―crack down on‖ means _____.A.bring up carefullyB.speak highly ofC.deal with seriouslyD.destroy completely

56.Which of the following is NOT true?

A.The law in 1988 is suitable for the new requirements.B.The new law will stop waste being poured into the Chang Jiang River.C.A lot of polluting units have been fined this year.D.The new law and the old one are the same in protecting the environment.57.We can infer from the passage that _____.A.the problem of protecting the water sources wasn’t paid much attention to

B.no laws were carried out to manage the water sources in Shanghai.C.the new law mainly emphasizes how to make use of the water sources.D.companies or individuals that polluted the water sources didn’t get fined.E

How often one hears children wishing they were grown-ups, and, old people wishing they were young again.Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult.If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do.It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return.What’s more, life is always giving new things to the child——things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well known.But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he wishes to do;he is repeatedly being told not to do something, or being punished for what he has wrongly done.When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably.If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry.And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison.If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.58．According to Paragraph 2, the writer thinks that.A．life for a child is fairly easyB．a(chǎn) child is always loved whatever he does

C．if much is given to a child, he must do something in return

D．only children are interested in life

59．The main idea of the passage is that.A．life is not enjoyable since each age has some pains

B．young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hard

C．childhood is the most enjoyable time in one’s life

D．one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age in his life

60．The paragraph following this passage will most probably discuss.A．examples of successful young menB．how to build up one’s position in society

C．joys and pains of old peopleD．what to do when one has problems in life

第二卷（三大題，共50分）Ⅳ 單詞拼寫根據(jù)下列句子及所給的漢語注釋，寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式（每空只寫一個單詞）

61.We’ve been having some ____（技術(shù)）problems with the new computer.62.John threw the ball, and the dog ______（接住）in its mouth.63.I _____（借）my bike to Dave and I haven’t got it back.64.If you need more _____ ,（信息）call the number 8425436.65Jane waited _____（焦急）by the phone all day yesterday.66._____（二月）is the second moth of a year.67.Put on your coat, _____（否則）you’ll catch cold.68.I haven’t seen it _____ ,（自己）but it’s supposed to be a good film.69.He’s not asleep—he just __________（假裝）.70.Wang Li lives in America, but she has Chinese ____________（國籍）.Ⅴ完成句子根據(jù)中文意思完成下列各句。每空一詞（縮寫算一詞）

71．這部電影不如我預(yù)期的好。

The film was not _____good _____ I had expected.72． 醫(yī)生建議這位胖太太戒除吃甜食的習(xí)慣。

The doctor advised the fat lady _____ _____ having sweets.73． 這箱子太重，我搬不動。

The case is ____ heavy for me __ carry.74． 我們將盡力按時完成這項工作。

We’ll ____ our ____ to finish the work on time.75． 昨天他直到做完作業(yè)才去睡覺。

He __ go to bed _____ he finished his homework.Ⅵ 書面表達假定你是李明，去年假期你曾赴美國加州帕薩迪那市的一所中學(xué)進行短期參觀訪向，住在Peter家。今年寒假Peter要來北京，將住在你家。請根據(jù)下列信息給Peter發(fā)個電郵件。內(nèi)容到京到機場接機，舉辦歡迎家宴活動參觀長城等名勝古跡到場欣賞中國民樂新年音樂會游覽繁華市區(qū)、購物希望如行程允許，在北京過春節(jié)

注意：1．詞數(shù)應(yīng)為100左右；

2．對緊扣主題的發(fā)揮不予扣分；

3．開頭與結(jié)尾已為你寫好。January 26th , 2007 Hi!It’s Li Ming here.Glad to learn you’re coming to Beijing , China.I believe we will have much fun together.WELL , SEE YA SOON.BYE!L Li Ming 內(nèi)容要點：1．接機、家宴；2．游覽長城、市區(qū)及購物；3．欣賞新年音樂會；4．希望共渡春節(jié)

1~5 CDCAD6~10 BBCDA11~15 BCCBA16~20 ADDBB

21~25 DCDCB26~30 CAADA31~35 CCCBD36~40 ADABD

41~44 DCCC45~48 DBBB49~53 CBDDA54~57 BCDC58~60 ADB

technological, got, lent, information, anxiously, February, or, myself, pretends, nationality

so…that

gave up

too…to

try…best

didn’t…until

第二篇：2003年至2010年全國普通高等學(xué)校運動訓(xùn)練、民族傳統(tǒng)體育專業(yè)單獨統(tǒng)一招生考試英語試題完型填空題

1（2003 A）Every day we have math class.We always show21interest in it.Some sleep;some daydream;others read something else.22listens to our math teacher.To solve this problem, our clever math teacher found a23out at last.Mr.Black thought24everyone liked candy, the only way to get our attention was to gave us candy.A clever25came upon him.He put a lot of candies inside a big ball that anyone could open.In class he asked us some questions.When anybody answered one question26, Mr.Black would throw the ball to the student and the student could27some of the candy out of the ball.Then, the student would have to throw the ball to the next one with the right answer, and so forth.The idea made us28and pay attention for a while but son all of us went back29.We all ate too much candy.The only person in our math class who30like the idea was a fat boy named Ward.He just kept eating and eating until finally Mr.Black had to say” I’m sorry, Ward, but I just don’t have enough money to buy candy.” 21.A.greatB.muchC.someD.little 22.A.EverybodyB.SomebodyC.NobodyD.Anybody23.A.studentB.ballC.problemD.way24.A.sinceB.whenC.thatD.whether25.A.mindB.ideaC.teacherD.opinion 26.A.quicklyB.aloneC.rightD.clearly27.A.takeB.keepC.receiveD.buy 28.A.give inB.go outC.sit upD.let down 29.A.listenB.sleepC.eatD.study 30.A.neverB.alsoC.evenD.still2（2003 B)It’s never easy to admit you are in the wrong.Being human, we all need to know the art of31.Look back with honesty and think how 32you’ve judged roughly or sais unkind things or something else like this.Then count the times that you expressed clearly and truly that you were33.A bit frightening , isn’t it? Frightening because some deep wisdom inside us knows that when a small34has been done.Some moral（道德的）feelings is disturbed;and it stays out of35until fault admitted and regret expressed.I remember a doctor friend , the late Clarence Lieb, telling me about the man who came to him with a variety of36: headaches , insomnia（失眠）and stomach trouble.No physical cause could be found.Finally Dr Lieb said to the man “ Unless you tell me what’s37you, I can’t help you.”After some hesitation, the man admitted , as executor（執(zhí)行者）of his father’s will, he had been cheating his brother, who lived abroad , of his inheritance（繼承權(quán)）.Then and there the wise old doctor made the man38to his brother asking forgiveness and put a check on the envelope as the first step in rebuilding their good relationship.He then went with him to the mailbox.As the envelope disappeared, the man burst into tears.“ Thank you.” He said “ I think39.”A heartfelt apology can not only heal a(an)40relationship but also make it stronger.If ou can think of someone who ought to be given an apology from you, someone you have wronged 3233343536

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itDDDDD

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31．A.expressing

B．forgiving

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37．A．puzzlingB．frighteningC．injuringD．worrying38．A．goB．writeC．callD．turn 39．A．curedB．punishedC．comfortedD．excused 40．A．developingB．friendlyC． damagedD．old3.(2004A)I became lame in both legs in my childhood.I can’t stand with the support of the two sticks.Only in my wheelchair can I “ 21 ”I still remember the first day at school.When I appeared at the door , everyone in the classroom stared at me in22.My face turned red.I couldn’t help

turning back.It was the kindness and sympathy in their eyes that23me doing so.I went shyly towards an empty seat.Being lame , I couldn’t walk in front of my classmates.I was24that I might be looked down upon.In those days I was very sad to25others walking happily.One day a few students came up to me and asked me26.I was really excited.They encouraged me with a friendly smile and pushed me in my wheelchair from place to place.I was27to them for giving a chance to see the sights of our lovely school with my own eyes.After that we often read ,played and talked together.My friends are always28to help me.It made me29I am handicapped(殘疾)Once they asked me, “ What is the most beautiful thing in our school?” Without hesitation I said “ It is the30”21.A.sitB.walkC.standD.talk22.A.loveB.thoughtC.surpriseD.excitement 23.A.preventedB.keptC.warnedD.made 24.A.pleasedB.afraidC.angryD.disappointed 25.A.makeB.hearC.seeD.think26.A.eat outB.stay inC.give upD.go outside27.A.kindB.thankfulC.helpfulD.friendly28.A.busyB.sorryC.welcomeD.ready29.A.forgetB.rememberC.realizeD.think30.A.supportB.kindnessC.friendshipD.sympathy4(2004 B)People spend their whole lives searching for love.I was no different.Until one day I decided to31the local pound（動物收容站）.And there was love32for me.The old dog was considered to be33.He had been found running along the road on three legs,34some serious wounds in his back and a damaged ear.The people at the pond35him because he was friendly and they thought if someone had36money having his leg operated on, maybe the person would be looking for him.But on one came.That day , I happened to walk by and see him.My37went out to him.But I really could not take another dog home;I had four already.There had to be a limit , I thought.I can’t save them all.Driving away from the pond , I knew the dog would die38I didn’t take him.As I passed a church , a sign announcing this week’s sermon（布道）caught my39.It was right before Christmas.It read:” Is there any room at the hotel?” I knew at that moment there was40room for one more, especially one that needed my love.31.A.buyB.sellC.visitD.build32.A.waitingB.lookingC.payingD.hoping33.A.prettyB.homelessC.lonelyD.friendly34.A.withB.forC.onD.in35.A.foundB.wantedC.caughtD.kept

36.A.borrowedB.paidC.spentD.earned37.A.headB.heartC.mindD.brain38.A.whenB.becauseC.ifD.though 39.A.mindB.driveC.earD.eye 40.A.alwaysB.seldomC.sometimesD.usually5（2005 A）Like so many teenagers, I struggled to escape from anything that didn’t agree with my picture of the world.One night , after a particularly21day.I stormed into my room, shut the door and got into bed.My hands22something under my pillow.I23out an envelope on which it said,” To read when you are alone.” Since I was alone , no one would24whether I read it or not.So I opened it.It said,” Mike I know life is25right now.I know you feel26and I know we don’t do everything27I am here for you if you ever need to28and if you don’t , that’s okay.I love you forever.Mom.” That was the first of29“ To read when you are alone” letters.I will never forget the relief I felt30I got a letter in my teen years.21.A.excitingB.differentC.shockingD.difficult 22.A.heldB.tookC.feltD.reached23.A.pulledB.foundC.handedD.picked 24.A.decideB.considerC.realizeD.know 25.A.busyB.hardC.uneasyD.important 26.A.proudB.ashamedC.annoyedD.unusual 27.A.fastB.fightC.togetherD.alone 28.A.talkB.thinkC.workD.say 29.A.familiarB.fewC.severalD.personal 30.A.ever sinceB.every timeC.as soon asD.the first time6(2005B)Steve Lesko tells of a Halloween when he brought his wife home from the hospital to live out her remaining days.31that children would come by for trick or treat and realizing he was not32with any candy, he quickly33whatever he could find in the house.The first arrival were three girls in their early teens.Mr.Lesko apologized for his34treats explaining he was not able to go and get any because of his wife’s35.They thanked him and went off.A few minutes36they returned and each girl gave him a handful of candy from their bags.Through his tears he tried to return the candy but37young ladies rushed off excitedly saying, “ We hope she gets38” Looking back on those 39 ,Mr.Lesko says: “ I do not know these beautiful women , but I’d like them to know their simple act of40brought joy and hope to me when there was none.31.A.ExpectingB.RememberingC.GuessingD.Promising 32.A.troubledB.satisfiedC.suppliedD.prepared 33.A.gatheredB.saveC.seizedD.selected 34.A.easyB.poorC.tinyD.carless 35.A.illnessB.problemC.reasonD.absence 36.A.overB.pastC.laterD.only 37.A.honestB.seriousC.nervousD.wonderful38.A.upB.excitedC.wellD.surprised 39.A.momentsB.eventsC.daysD.stories 40.A.happinessB.politenessC.faithfulnessD.kindness7(2006 A)Buying a Christmas tree is a holiday tradition for many Americans.One21found that almost eighty percent of American22had a Christmas tree last year.Many people23that Christmas trees come from forests.24, most trees are carefully grown on farms.Farmers plant and harvest Christmas trees as a crop,25fruits or vegetables.There are About 15,000 Christmas tree26in North America.The industry employs more than 100.000 people.Farmers27evergreen trees for Christmas trees.They remove seeds from the trees and plant them.Farmers care for the young trees28they are about three to five years old.Then farmers replant them in fields ,cut the tops of the trees to29how fast they grow, and cut the other parts of the trees while they are growing.This gives the trees the30that people will like.21.A.bookB.articleC.holidayD.study22.A.farmersB.homesC.statesD.stores 23.A.believeB.seeC.point outD.work out24.A.Before longB.In the endC.In factD.Now and then25.A.the same asB.similar toC.close toD.different from26.A.marketsB.forestsC.farmsD.factories 27.A.collectB.cutC.removeD.grow28.A.forB.afterC.asD.until 29.A.controlB.knowC.seeD.study 30.A.colorB.leavesC.shapeD.size8(2006B)The United Nations says more than 1,000 million people in the world do not havesafe, clean water to31.This is about one-sixth of the world’s32.About 6,000 people died each day from33directly caused by unclean water.Most of them are children.The UN has started an international movement to help34deaths caused by unclean water.One 35of the movement is to teach school children about36cleanliness.The UN will help the people in 25 countries, mostly in Africa and Asia.Governments and organizations there need to help people37water problems.A person in a38country usually uses about 10 liters of water a day.Yet, a person in an industrial country ,39Britain, usually uses about 135 liters of water a day.UN officials say this must change40the next 25 years.They hope all people will have safe, clean water.31.A.eatB.drinkC.findD.make 32.A.countriesB.problemsC.populationD.water 33.A.diseasesB.weaknessC.disadvantagesD.difficulties 34.A.escapeB.fightC.killD.prevent 35.A.measuresB.meansC.goalD.period 36.A.historicalB.internationalC.personalD.technical 37.A.answerB.deal withC.face toD.experience 38.A.advancedB.developingC.foreignD.small

39.A.as inB.as well asC.for exampleD.such as 40.A.ForB.OverC.WithinD.Throughout9(2007A)A very successful businessman had a meeting with his new son-in-law.“ I love my21and now I welcome you into the22.” said the man.” To show how much we care23you, I making you a 50-50 partner in my business.All you have to do is go to the24 every day and learn the operations.The son-in-law25, “ I hate falconries.I can’t stand the noise.” “ I se,” replied the26“ Well, then you will work in the office and take27of some of the operations.” “ I hate office work,” said the son-in-law.I can’t stand being stuck28a desk all day.” “ Wait a minute,” said the father-in-law.I just make you half owner of a money-making organization ,29you don’t like factories and you won’t work in the office.30am going to do with you?” “Easy,” said the young man “ Buy me out.”21.A.motherB.wifeC.daughterD.sister 22.A.familyB.businessC.companyD.house 23.A.withB.forC.ofD.on 24.A.hospitalB.factoryC.shopD.school 25.A.interruptedB.askedC.stoppedD.laughed 26.A.mother-in-lawB.son-in-lawC.daughter-in-law D.father-in-law 27.A.notesB.partC.chargeD.hold 28.A.underB.behindC.onD.in29.A.ifB.untilC.whileD.but 30.A.WhereB.HowC.WhyD.What10(2007B)There are many times in a year when gifts are given and received, but do not forget those31days that celebrate personal milestones.Birthdays and holidays are special days , but they are not the32 times when giving a gift brightens the day.Celebrating a long33 or a shared happiness can strengthen relationships34friends and family.Foe most Americans, it is35to say thank you than I am sorry.36a research, nearly two-thirds of people37believe that saying I’m sorry is easy.About the same38of Americans can remember a time where they were not properly thanked for a favor or act of39.In the 21th century, without even using words , you can ask a flower company to express your feeling together with a note card40everything that is too hard to say in person.31.A.officialB.interestingC.differentD.special 32.A.onlyB.importantC.actualD.correct 33.A.holidayB.partyC.friendshipD.discussion 34.A.ofB.withC.toD.for 35.A.more honestB.harderC.happierD.more often 36.A.As a result ofB.Instead ofC.According toD.Because of 37.A.arrangedB.mentionedC.requestedD.questioned 38.A.countryB.familyC.expressionD.number 39.A.kindnessB.courageC.deedD.carefulness

40.A.makingB.sayingC.talkingD.covering

第三篇：2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試模擬試題

2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試模擬試題

語文

一、現(xiàn)代文閱讀（35分）閱讀下面的文字，完成1—3題。

傳統(tǒng)的鄉(xiāng)村是一個熟人共同體，在這個共同體中，儒家仁愛倫理設(shè)定的處理經(jīng)濟交往、人際關(guān)系以及維護鄉(xiāng)村生活秩序的道德規(guī)則便捷有效，且易于被村民所接受和實踐。傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村的倫理關(guān)系或是基于家庭和家族的血緣親情，或是基于地緣，血緣親情和地緣共同構(gòu)成了熟人社會倫理的基礎(chǔ)。因此，儒家仁愛倫理主張，人們應(yīng)當首先維護家庭和家族成員以及彼此親近的其他成員的權(quán)利，熟人共同體的倫理關(guān)懷應(yīng)當優(yōu)先得到考慮，然后再推及他人。自我不是孤獨的原子，而是有著多重倫理關(guān)系的社會存在，人的本質(zhì)規(guī)定性就體現(xiàn)在自我與他人以及社會的倫理關(guān)系之中。雖然改革開放和實行市場經(jīng)濟體制促進了人的個體化發(fā)展，但是，基于熟人關(guān)系的共同體倫理依然被村民所認同和踐行。熟人共同體提供了人際信任可以利用的充足人文資源，這是對現(xiàn)代社會契約信任和制度信任的有益補充。

最近30余年中國鄉(xiāng)村社會所發(fā)生的變遷是如此劇烈和急速，以至于人們尚來不及進行理性和冷靜的思考就被卷入其中。村民日益?zhèn)€體化的自主選擇和個體權(quán)利意識的覺醒，使得當代中國鄉(xiāng)村倫理與傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村倫理相比，產(chǎn)生了一些新的帶有“內(nèi)卷化”特點的變化。其一是去傳統(tǒng)化。個體從傳統(tǒng)的熟人共同體的社會約束中脫離出來，試圖擺脫家庭、家族和血緣親情關(guān)系的道德要求。但是，這樣的變化并不意味著熟人共同體不重要或者不再發(fā)揮作用，如果熟人共同體對個體的成長和發(fā)展有益，那么，個體依然會依靠熟人共同體。原本相對清純的熟人共同體，現(xiàn)在融入了實用性和功利性的色彩。其二是通過從眾來創(chuàng)造自己的生活。當代鄉(xiāng)村社會的成員走向個體化，獲得的是自由和權(quán)利，成就的是道德自我，不盲從別人強加的價值觀，而且也明了何為善、何為惡，然后做出自己的自主行為選擇。然而，吊詭的是，“自由和個性并不必然會使個體變得與眾不同。相反，對社會制度的依賴決定了當代的個體不能自由地尋求并建構(gòu)獨特的自我，男男女女必須依據(jù)某些指南和規(guī)則來設(shè)計自己的生命軌跡，因此，他們最終得到的反而是相當一致的生活”。因市場經(jīng)濟機制的實行而生成的制度化行為規(guī)則，為個性的自由發(fā)展設(shè)定了一些限制，人們不得不遵從一些與自己的意愿相悖的普遍性道德原則和規(guī)范。從倫理學(xué)的角度看，因村民追求個體化而導(dǎo)致的熟人共同體的松動甚至瓦解，引發(fā)了一系列的倫理問題。

1．下列關(guān)于原文內(nèi)容的理解和分析，正確的一項是（3分）A．儒家仁愛倫理設(shè)定的處理經(jīng)濟交往、人際關(guān)系以及維護鄉(xiāng)村生活秩序的道德規(guī)則便捷有效，容易被村民接受和實踐。

B．血緣親情和地緣是熟人社會倫理的基礎(chǔ)，所以人們應(yīng)當首先維護家庭和家族成員以及彼此親近的其他成員的權(quán)利。

C．在人們還來不及進行理性和冷靜的思考的時候，最近30余年中國鄉(xiāng)村社會已發(fā)生了一些帶有“內(nèi)卷化”特點的變遷。D．個體從傳統(tǒng)的熟人共同體的社會約束中脫離出來，擺脫家庭、家族和血緣親情關(guān)系的道德要求對個體的成長和發(fā)展會更有益。2．下列對原文論證的相關(guān)分析，不正確的一項是(3分)A．文章集中論述了傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村這個共同體變化的原因、變遷后的特點及存在的現(xiàn)實問題。

B．文章第一段結(jié)合儒家思想分析了傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村中人的個體化發(fā)展與熟人共同體的密切關(guān)系。

C．文章第二段論述了當代中國鄉(xiāng)村倫理“內(nèi)卷化”的相互對立、不可共融的特點。

D．文章第二段釆用總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)特點，運用了引用論證、對比論證和道理論證的論證方法。

3．根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，下列說法不正確的一項是(3分)A．現(xiàn)代社會人與人之間的信任只是建立在契約和制度上，這遠遠不如熟人共同體之間的人際信任。

B．村民一味追求個體化會導(dǎo)致熟人共同體的瓦解，還會引發(fā)鄉(xiāng)村孝道衰落、人情淡漠、公共生活倫理缺失等一系列的倫理問題。C．鄉(xiāng)村社會成員走向個體化的過程中，可以獲得自由和權(quán)利，不盲從別人強加的價值觀，有權(quán)做出自己的選擇。

D．因市場經(jīng)濟機制的實行而生成的制度化行為規(guī)則，不得不為人們所遵從，所以自由和個性并不是絕對的。

（二）文學(xué)類文本閱讀（14分）閱讀下面的文字，完成4-6題。老土槍 趙志廣

這是一桿沒有槍栓的老土槍。

郝鐵爹年輕時是郝家村的民兵隊長，曾用這桿槍打死過十幾個日本鬼子，也正是憑借響當當?shù)膽?zhàn)功，穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地在村支書的寶座上坐了五十多年。爹死后，郝鐵成了村支書。

郝鐵膝下只有一子，起名郝楠。受爹的影響，郝楠特別喜歡打槍，初巾畢業(yè)后，說啥也不上學(xué)了，整天鬧著要當兵，說能打真槍。郝鐵點頭說：“好男就該去當兵！”郝楠在部隊每次打靶都是第一名，當上了班長。郝鐵得知后，樂得臉上開了花。

第三年，郝楠打回電話說：“戰(zhàn)友都在為轉(zhuǎn)志愿兵的事忙著給當官的送禮呢，至少得送兩萬塊錢，我也想轉(zhuǎn)志愿兵，咋辦？”郝鐵當時就火了，沖著電話嚷嚷道：“一分錢也沒有，讓轉(zhuǎn)就轉(zhuǎn)，不讓轉(zhuǎn)就回來，請客送禮的事，想都別想！”秋天的時候，郝楠流著淚脫下了軍裝。退伍后，郝楠進了縣交通局。去上班前，郝鐵指著老土槍對郝楠說：“你爺爺是老革命，老子英雄兒好漢！你得保住你爺爺?shù)倪@塊招牌，決不能變色走邪路，不能丟了爺爺?shù)哪?！”郝楠點頭。

公安局收繳槍支彈藥的時候，這桿老土槍被定性為革命文物，特批留存，但嚴禁再使用，郝鐵把槍用油擦得錚亮，高掛在墻上。郝楠很得局長賞識，被招贅做了女婿，沒幾年又被提拔為副局長。后來，局長退休，郝楠當上了局長。雖說兒子入贅不太光彩，可當上局長，這可是件祖墳冒青煙的事，郝鐵感到很自豪 這天，郝鐵正坐在院門口，一輛小轎車停在了跟前。下來一個胖子，郝鐵仔細看看，不認識 正納悶兒，胖子說話了：“是郝鐵大叔吧？我姓劉，是你兒子郝楠的朋友?！焙妈F忙讓進屋。胖子從皮包里掏出一沓錢放到桌子上說：“大叔，這是二十萬塊錢。咱縣里要修一條柏油路，我想把這活兒包下來，郝局長不給面子，你老給說說情吧！”郝鐵一輩子也沒有見過這么多錢，看得心里直癢癢，一抬頭，看到墻上的老土槍，耳朵邊仿佛“砰”地響起一聲槍響，驚得臉上沒了血色，急忙把錢推回胖子說：“我家可是老革命家庭，你這一招不靈！”胖子灰溜溜地走了。胖子走后，郝鐵天天看著墻上的老土槍發(fā)呆，突然一拍腦袋，把老土槍摘下來，小心用布包上，坐上公交車就進了城。一路上，郝鐵心里像是壓了一塊大石頭，壓得有些喘不過氣來。

兒子家里沒人，郝鐵就坐在門口等，日頭過午了，一輛黑色小轎車停到了跟前，郝楠從車上下來說：“爹，你來也不打聲招呼，我好派車到家接你。”郝鐵看看小轎車問：“這是你買的小轎車？”“我這倆工資哪能買得起車？這是單位給我配的專車！”郝楠回道?！澳闶蔷珠L就有特權(quán)了？就能用公車辦私事？”郝鐵沉著臉訓(xùn)，訓(xùn)得郝楠啞口無言。進了屋，郝楠問：“爹，你來找我有事？”郝鐵壓低聲音說：“前些天有個胖子來咱家了，給了我二十萬塊錢，想包活兒。我來是給他說情的?！焙麻f：“準是劉胖子，也來找過我，給我十萬塊錢，我沒要，把他轟了出去。你趕緊把錢還回去?！焙妈F說：“兒子，這次是二十萬呀！爹一輩子沒見過這么多錢，你就讓他包了活兒吧！”“爹，你怎么越老越糊涂了？貪污受賄超過十萬塊錢就是殺頭的死罪！你想害死我嗎？郝楠急得直跺腳?！肮　焙妈F一聽，心里的石頭才算是落了地，禁不住笑出聲來：“兒呀，這下爹就放心了。那錢我根本沒接，也把他轟走了?！?/p>

郝鐵拿出老土槍遞給郝楠，問道：“你還記得這桿老土槍嗎？”郝楠說：“爹，哪能忘了呢？爺爺是老革命，用這桿槍打死過十幾個鬼子……爹，放心，我決不變色走邪路！”郝楠看看老土槍，再看看爹，兩眼模糊起來。

(選自《小小說大世界》2016年第12期，有刪改)4．下列關(guān)于小說藝術(shù)特色和內(nèi)容的分析鑒賞，不正確的一項是(3分)A．受郝鐵影響，郝楠喜歡打槍，他上學(xué)不求上進，郝鐵就支持他去當兵。事實證明，當兵這條路選對了，郝楠在連隊出了名、當了班長。B．郝楠很得局長賞識，人贅做了局長的女婿，郝鐵覺得這樣不太光彩?？珊髞硭斄司珠L，這是光宗耀祖的事情，郝鐵還是感到很自豪。C．郝鐵看到劉胖子送了那么多錢，一時間動了心，可當他看到老土槍后，清醒了過來，馬上打消了收禮的念頭，堅決把劉胖子趕走了。D．郝鐵進城時，心里像壓了一塊大石頭，忐忑不安；進城后見到兒子很清廉，心里的石頭落了地，高興地笑了出來。5．郝鐵有怎樣的性格特征？請簡要分析概括。(5分)6．“老土槍”在文中有什么作用？結(jié)合全文簡要分析。(6分)

（三）實用類文本閱讀（本題共3小題，12分）閱讀下面的文言文，完成7-9題。材料一： 整治霧霾需要全社會的共同努力，其根本的出路是科技創(chuàng)新，通過企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級減少污染源，降低污染物的排放水平。

根據(jù)《杭州市大氣灰霾成因及關(guān)鍵污染因子預(yù)防控制研究》報告，機動車尾氣、燃煤、揚塵是杭州PM2.5的主要來源，而油品升級是降低PM2.5的途徑之一。為此，浙江地區(qū)的主要油品供應(yīng)企業(yè)中國石化積極進行技術(shù)改造，實行油品升級，2015年12月1日起，全省供應(yīng)國標準汽/柴油。除此之外，還對尾氣中的其他有害成分進行技術(shù)處理，寧波海越新材料有限公司的石油天然氣深加工項目，生產(chǎn)的異辛烷高標準淸潔汽油添加劑，能有效降低尾氣中的PM2.5。

據(jù)報道，大數(shù)據(jù)、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”，這些先進的信息技術(shù)，也將用到“智慧治氣”上。在G20杭州峰會前，杭州將推出“五氣云”環(huán)境質(zhì)量智慧管控系統(tǒng)。比如對工業(yè)企業(yè)的監(jiān)管，不只監(jiān)測企業(yè)最終的廢氣排放，連整條生產(chǎn)線上的每一個節(jié)點都能監(jiān)測到。

霧霾治理也是一項系統(tǒng)工程，還需要在產(chǎn)業(yè)布局、工廠提標改造、燃煤電廠的清潔排放等方面進行科技創(chuàng)新，進行轉(zhuǎn)型升級。(摘自2016年3月24日“新華網(wǎng)”《科技讓我們走出霧霾》)材料二：

由哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)、黑龍江大學(xué)等單位專家共同研制的“治霾”科技新成果——陶瓷基金屬磨損自修復(fù)材料(DFR)“發(fā)動機醫(yī)生”，目前已在全國17個省、市、自治區(qū)推廣，成為“治霾利器。這個黑龍江人自己研制的具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的高科技新材料產(chǎn)品已成功搶占潤滑油產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)制高點，并遠銷國外市場?！鞍l(fā)動機醫(yī)生”主攻方向是發(fā)動機節(jié)能減排。黑龍江大學(xué)科技園管理辦公室主任、項目技術(shù)負責人張存德介紹：“簡單地說，汽車發(fā)動機缸體經(jīng)過長時間活塞運動會出現(xiàn)磨損，導(dǎo)致發(fā)動機出現(xiàn)漏油、串氣、冒黑煙、燒杋油、燃料燃燒不完全等現(xiàn)象，而這些都會產(chǎn)生有害氣體和可吸入顆粒物。DFR材料就是加入汽車發(fā)動機內(nèi)的‘工業(yè)味精’，它通過超精研磨，清理氧化物、油垢和積炭，提高發(fā)動機的密封性能，使油料、燃氣燃燒充分，從而降低有害氣體排放、降低顆粒物排放和節(jié)省燃油，進而減少由于發(fā)動?xùn)i尾氣排放給人類生存環(huán)境造成的空氣污染?！?/p>

(摘自2014年11月23日《黑龍江日報》)材料三：

由荷蘭藝術(shù)家丹·羅斯加德設(shè)計的名為“無霾之洞”的霧霾凈化塔已于9月底進京，該塔高7米，是世界上最大的空氣凈化器。它的內(nèi)部有一臺功能強大的真空吸塵器，利用電離技術(shù)吸入霧霾，濾掉其中的有害顆粒，然后排出凈化后的空氣。羅斯加德稱，這臺機器可以在36小時內(nèi)凈化一個足球場大小的空間內(nèi)70%-80%的空氣。項目的原型機基于目前在醫(yī)院和停車場凈化系統(tǒng)里使用的技術(shù)。同時，這個項目有一個充滿想象力的副產(chǎn)品，它收集到的霧霾顆粒可被壓縮做成黑色寶石。然而，這座塔卻被業(yè)內(nèi)人士認為，更多是起到人們對環(huán)境的警醒作用和抗擊霧霾需要大膽創(chuàng)新的“行為藝術(shù)”。

與荷蘭除霾塔的“行為藝術(shù)”相比，用于科學(xué)實驗的長安除霾塔已經(jīng)建成封頂。該項目是中科院地球環(huán)境所的空氣治理重點試驗項目，總建筑面積2580平方米。據(jù)了解，該除霾試驗裝置位居世界領(lǐng)先水平，通過去除大氣環(huán)境中的PM2.5及NOx、SO2等霧霾形成的關(guān)鍵前體物，從而有效控制霧霾形成。項目試運行成功后，將通過在醫(yī)院、學(xué)校、住宅小區(qū)等人員聚集區(qū)安裝小型裝置來推廣應(yīng)用此項技術(shù)，以逐步改善局部區(qū)域環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量。

(摘自2016年12月21日“人民網(wǎng)”《那些消減霧霾的科技手段》)7．下列對材料相關(guān)內(nèi)容的梳理，不正確的一項是（3分）

8．下列對材料相關(guān)內(nèi)容的概括和分析，正確的兩項是(5分)A．機動車尾氣、燃煤、揚塵是杭州PM2.5的主要來源，為此浙江地區(qū)的中國石化積極進行技術(shù)改造，實行油品升級，這是該地區(qū)治理霧霾最有效的手段。

B．G20峰會前，杭州欲推出的“五氣云”系統(tǒng)，不只能監(jiān)測企業(yè)最終的廢氣排放，甚至能監(jiān)測整條生產(chǎn)線上的每一個節(jié)點，這是“智慧治氣”的先進發(fā)明。

C．“發(fā)動機醫(yī)生”是我國研制的具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的高科技新材料產(chǎn)品，是潤滑油產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)的排頭兵，是治霾的利器，暢銷國內(nèi)外市場。D．“無霾之洞”霧霾凈化塔，能把收集到的霧霾顆粒壓縮做成黑色寶石，但是因為除霾效果一般，人們認為它更像是一個“行為藝術(shù)品”。E．剛剛建成的長安除霾塔，通過去除大氣環(huán)境中霧霾形成的關(guān)鍵前體物，從而有效控制霧霾形成，這項除霾試驗裝置目前位居世界領(lǐng)先水平。

9．長安除霾塔與荷蘭的“無霾之洞”都是人們自發(fā)研制的治霾發(fā)明，兩者有何異同？請結(jié)合生活實際，談?wù)勀阌X得還可以采用哪些方法減少霧霾。(4分)

二、古代時文閱讀(35分)

（一）文言文閱讀（本題共4小題，19分）閱讀下面的文言文，完成10-13題。

鄭太字公業(yè)，河南開封人，司農(nóng)眾之曾孫也，少有才略。初，舉孝廉，三府辟，公車征，皆不就。及大將軍何進輔政，征用名士，以公業(yè)為尚書侍郎，遷侍御史。進將誅閹官，欲召并州牧董卓為助。公業(yè)謂進曰：“董卓強忍寡義，志欲無厭。若借之朝政，將恣兇欲，必危朝廷?！庇譃殛悤r務(wù)之所急數(shù)事。進不能用，乃棄官去。進尋見害，卓果作亂。公業(yè)等與侍中伍瓊、卓長史何颙共說卓，以袁紹為勃海太守，以發(fā)山東之謀。及義兵起，卓乃會公卿議，大發(fā)卒討之，群僚莫敢忤旨。公業(yè)恐其眾多益橫，兇強難制，獨曰：“夫政在德，不在眾也。”卓不悅，曰：“如卿此言，兵為無用邪？”公業(yè)懼，乃詭詞更對曰：“非謂無用，以為山東不足加大兵耳。如有不信，試為明公略陳其要。今山東合謀，州郡連結(jié)，人庶相動，非不強盛，然光武以來，中國無警，百姓優(yōu)逸，忘戰(zhàn)日 久。仲尼有言：‘不教人戰(zhàn)，是謂棄之?！浔婋m多，不能為害。一也。明公出自西洲，少為國將，閑習(xí)軍事，數(shù)踐戰(zhàn)場，名振當世，人懷懾服。二也。袁本初公卿子弟，生處京師。張孟卓東平長者坐不窺堂孔公緒清談高論噓枯吹生并無軍旅之才執(zhí)銳之干臨鋒決敵非公之儔。三也?！弊磕藧偅怨珮I(yè)為將軍，使統(tǒng)諸軍討擊關(guān)東?；蛘f卓曰：“鄭公業(yè)智略過人，而結(jié)謀外寇，今資之士馬，就其黨羽，竊為明公懼之?！弊磕耸者€其兵，留拜議郎。卓既遷都長安，天下饑亂，士大夫多不得其命。而公業(yè)家有余資，日引賓客高會倡樂，所贍救者甚眾。乃與何顒、荀攸共謀殺卓。事泄，颙等被執(zhí)，公業(yè)脫身自武關(guān)走，東歸袁術(shù)。

(選自《后漢書·列傳第六十》)10．下列對文中畫波浪線部分的斷句，正確的一項是(3分)A．張孟卓東平/長者坐不窺堂/孔公緒清談高論噓枯吹/生并無軍/旅之才執(zhí)/銳之干臨鋒/決敵非公之儔/ B．張孟卓東平長者/坐不窺堂/孔公緒清談高論/噓枯吹生/并無軍旅之才/執(zhí)銳之干/臨鋒決敵/非公之儔/ C．張孟卓東平長者/坐不窺堂孔公緒/清談高論噓枯吹/生并無軍旅/之才執(zhí)/銳之干/臨鋒決敵非公之儔/ D．張孟卓東平/長者坐不窺堂/孔公緒清談/高論噓枯吹/生并無軍旅之才/執(zhí)銳之干/臨鋒決敵非公之儔/ 11．下列對文中加點詞語的相關(guān)內(nèi)容的解說，不正確的一項是(3分)A．孝廉，漢武帝時設(shè)立的察舉考試，以任用官員的一種科目，孝廉是孝順親長、廉能正直的意思。

B．卒，士兵的舊稱，屬政府正規(guī)編制的部隊。士兵需要有勇敢無畏的精神就是不怕死、有虎勁。C．郡，東漢末形成的州、郡、縣三級地方政治制度。州起源于漢武帝所建部刺史監(jiān)察制度。

D．仲尼，即孔子，被尊奉為“天縱之圣”“天之木鐸”，是儒家學(xué)派創(chuàng)始人，倡導(dǎo)“性善論”思想。

12．下列對原文有關(guān)內(nèi)容的概括和分析，不正確的一項是(3分)A．鄭太出身顯貴，多次不就。鄭太為司農(nóng)鄭眾的曾孫，多次被舉孝廉、辟三府，朝廷征召都不去赴任。

B．鄭太深謀遠慮，見機行事。鄭太看到何進召董卓相助，勸諫何進，何進不聽勸告，鄭太棄官而走。

C．鄭太能言善辯，足智多謀。鄭太引經(jīng)據(jù)典，用三條理由陳述山東不值得用大兵征討，打消董卓的疑慮。

D．鄭太樂善好施，胸懷大志。鄭太在天下**之際，宴請賓客，并與賓客中何颙、荀攸等人合計謀殺董卓。13.把文中畫橫線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。(10分)（1）董卓強忍寡義，志欲無厭。若借之朝政，將恣兇欲，必危朝廷。(5分)（2）鄭公業(yè)智略過人，而結(jié)謀外寇，今資之士馬，就其黨羽，竊為明公懼之。(5分)

（二）古代詩歌閱讀（本題2小題，11分）閱讀下面這首宋詞，完成14—15題。菩薩蠻 李清照 風(fēng)柔日薄春猶早，夾衫乍著心情好。睡起覺微寒，梅花鬢上殘。故鄉(xiāng)何處是？忘了除非醉。沉水臥時燒，香消酒未消。

【注】此為李清照南渡后有代表性的一首詞。沉水：一種熏香料，入水即沉，又名沉香。

14．下列對這首詩的賞析，不恰當?shù)膬身検?5分)A．本詞從明媚的春光寫起，寫自己脫去厚重的棉衣，穿上輕薄的夾衫，心情美好。

B．上片末尾關(guān)于“睡起覺微寒，梅花鬢上殘”的描寫，自然流瀉一股濃濃的愁怨。

C．本詞詞意深沉，由覺微寒、知梅殘到思故鄉(xiāng)之間有怎樣的心理活動，引發(fā)想象。

D．由某些聯(lián)想積蓄、醞釀而成的思鄉(xiāng)之情、亡國之恨，在下片開頭突然噴涌而出。

E．本詞表達的情感曲折變化，由喜轉(zhuǎn)悲，由悲轉(zhuǎn)沉郁，由沉郁而入憤，層層深入。

15．本詞是怎樣抒發(fā)思念故鄉(xiāng)的情感的？請簡要賞析。(6分)16．補寫出下列句子中的空缺部分。(5分)（1）杜牧在《泊秦淮》中諷喻晚唐統(tǒng)治者醉生夢死、荒淫誤國的詩句是：“。”

（2）在《勸學(xué)》中強調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)當專一，如果不專一，便會像螃蟹一樣，一無所成的句子是：“?！?/p>

三、語言文字運用（20分）17．下列各句中加點成語的使用，全部不正確的一項是(3分)①黃雅婷獲得了第九屆國際英語電視大賽中國區(qū)總決賽的一等獎，別看她在全國舞臺上說著一口流利的英語，侃侃而談，幾個月前的她還不敢在班里當眾發(fā)言。

②《戰(zhàn)狼2》的極大成功令吳京終于成為功夫巨星，近日他受訪時也再度回應(yīng)了當年與甄子丹不合的傳聞，吳京笑著回應(yīng)記者：“我要謝謝他當初對我側(cè)目而視?！?/p>

③大家眾所周知，優(yōu)秀的企業(yè)文化既有時代特色又有傳統(tǒng)思想，是倫理和價值觀念融現(xiàn)代精神而成的精神力量，更是先進的科學(xué)的文化與現(xiàn)代企業(yè)的完美結(jié)合。

④李世石是一個胸無城府的天才棋手，常出言無忌，只要有他出席的新聞發(fā)布會，肯定就有噱頭，但令李世石沒有料到的是，他必須為過于直率的性格付出代價。

⑤年輕的馬曉旭從來沒有經(jīng)歷過這么多事，也正因此她逐漸變得成熟起來，當諸多不虞之譽從天而降時，她表現(xiàn)出一種與她18歲的年齡極不相稱的冷靜和沉穩(wěn)。

⑥據(jù)俄羅斯媒體報道，美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)査局已經(jīng)同意波士頓爆炸嫌犯母親的不情之請，答應(yīng)在其赴波士頓協(xié)助調(diào)查時安排她和嫌犯的父親與兒子焦哈爾察爾納耶夫見面。

A．①②④ B．②③⑥ C．③⑤⑥ D．②④⑤ 18．下列各句中，沒有語病的一句是(3分)A．作為基層文藝工作者能參加“十九大”，我很榮幸，我們團隊每年送戲下鄉(xiāng)200場，受到群眾熱烈歡迎，還被列為國家藝術(shù)交流推廣劇目。

B．美國國會如果未能及時提高美國財長努欽的借款權(quán)限，那么他會優(yōu)先考慮償還美國債務(wù)，但評價機構(gòu)均認為美國的信用會因此受到影響。

C．對于再次推遲審判的章瑩穎案來說，一旦檢方尋求死刑，則必須經(jīng)過美國司法部長批準，法官現(xiàn)已將尋求司法部長批準的截止日期確定。

D．江蘇省工商局認真謀劃、統(tǒng)籌考慮，把示范區(qū)創(chuàng)建為抓手，通過打造樣板區(qū)，以點帶面推動江蘇網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展整體水平的快速提升。19．下列各句中，語言表達得體的一項是(3分)A．長途車司機梁強與多位乘客見情況危急，鼎力相助，以最快的速度將男孩送醫(yī)治療。

B．醫(yī)院一口氣引進了五臺自動化藥房發(fā)藥機，這將大大減少廣大患者取藥恭候的時間。

C．中秋本就是團圓的節(jié)日，月圓之夜，家中長輩們聚在一起賞月，我也有幸叨陪末座。

D．面對皇馬，就連對手巴塞爾也送上了過獎之詞，認為這支球隊具備創(chuàng)造時代的潛質(zhì)。

20．在下面一段文字橫線處補寫恰當?shù)恼Z句，使整段文字語意完整連貫，內(nèi)容貼切，邏輯嚴密。每處不超過15字。(6分)眼下正值暑假，？不少家長感到頭痛。痛在哪里？關(guān)在家里吧，太憋屈；讓他們自由活動吧，不放心；參加各種國際游學(xué)團或夏令營吧，實際效果如何不說，就讓大多家庭倍感經(jīng)濟壓力。還有一些家庭疏于管教，這就更值得警惕。

21.下面文段有三處推斷存在問題，請參照的方式，說明另外兩處問題。(5分)海明威在《永別了，武器》中曾大膽揭示戰(zhàn)爭的殘酷！武器對人類的殺傷力是非常大的，所以我們每個國家都應(yīng)該拒絕武器。只有拒絕武器開發(fā)的國家，才是真正熱愛和平的國家，也只有在這樣的國家，人民才會真正地有安全感。不是每個國家都一定要拒絕武器。。

四、寫作(60分)22．閱讀下面的文字，根據(jù)要求寫作。(60分)近日，兩封信刷屏朋友圈。甘肅男孩魏祥從小身患殘疾，父親亡故，在堅強的母親陪伴下，12年求學(xué)路風(fēng)雨無阻，今年高考考出了648分的好成績。他寄給有意錄取他的清華大學(xué)一封題為《一位甘肅高分(648分)考生的請求》的公開信，希望能為他們母子提供一間宿舍。清華大學(xué)立即以《人生實苦，但請你足夠相信》的回信表示，“清華不會讓任何一位優(yōu)秀學(xué)生因為經(jīng)濟原因而輟學(xué)”，“未來的他，也會除卻一身困頓，成就自己的不同凡響”。魏祥自強不息、與命運抗爭的那股子勁兒引得眾人點贊，清華回應(yīng)的速度及姿態(tài)也引來喝彩一片。讀了這則材料，你有何感想？請寫一篇文章，闡述你的看法和理由。要求選好角度，確定立意；明確文體；自擬標題；不要套作，不得抄襲；不得泄露個人信息；不得少于800字。

語文

（三）1.C【解析】A.“儒家仁愛倫理設(shè)定的……容易被村民接受和實踐”忽略了“在熟人共同體中”這個前提。B.“所以人們應(yīng)當首先……”是儒家的仁愛倫理主張。D.“……對個體的成長和發(fā)展會更有益”，文中并無依據(jù)。

2.C【解析】“相互對立、不可共融”理解錯誤。

3.A【解析】“只是建立在契約和制度上”說法絕對、文中并無此依據(jù)，“遠遠不如”也無依據(jù)。

4.A【解析】“上學(xué)不求上進”文中無據(jù)。

5.①正直，講原則：兒子轉(zhuǎn)志愿兵堅決不請客送禮；拒絕劉胖子的巨額賄賂；反對公車私用。②有智慧：為了考驗郝楠，假意為劉胖子說情。③有傳承精神：繼承了父親的老土槍，也繼承了父親身上的革命精神和優(yōu)良作風(fēng)，并把它們傳承給當局長的兒子，警醒兒子時刻銘記身上的責任。(答出一點給1分，答出兩點給3分，答出三點給5分。意思對即可)6.①“老土槍”是小說的線索，在文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)、貫穿全文。②推動故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展：因“老土槍”而當兵，因“老土槍”而警醒，用“老土槍”去試探兒子。③揭示主旨：“老土槍”象征著郝鐵家祖孫三代身上的正氣、正直，講原則，有信仰的精神。(每點2分)7.B【解析】信息來源于材料一第四段，由材料內(nèi)容可知，霧霾治理還需在產(chǎn)業(yè)布局、工廠提標改造、燃煤電廠的清潔排放等方面進行科技創(chuàng)新，選項中“這是一項系統(tǒng)工程，所以霧霾治理目前進展緩慢”屬于無中生有。

8.BE(答對B項給2分，答對E項給3分)【解析】A.信息來源于材料一第二段，原文的表述是“油品升級是降低PM2.5的途徑之一”，并沒有說這是“最有效的手段”。C.信息來源于材料二第一段，原文的表述是“遠銷國外市場”，而非“暢銷”，犯了偷換概念的錯誤。D.信息來源于材料三第一段，“無霾之洞”是世界上最大的空氣凈化器，之所以被稱作“行為藝術(shù)”，并不是因為除霾效果一般，而是因為它更多是起到人們對環(huán)境的警醒作用和激發(fā)人們抗擊霧霾的創(chuàng)新精神。

9.相同點：①功能相同；都是為除霾而研發(fā)的先進的空氣凈化裝備；②都有使用局限性，只能改善局部環(huán)境內(nèi)的空氣質(zhì)量，適用范圍局限于停車場、學(xué)校、醫(yī)院等人員聚集區(qū)。(1分)不同點：①工作原理不同?！盁o霾之洞”是利用真空吸塵器的原理除霾；“長安除霾塔”則是通過去除大氣環(huán)境中的PM2.5以及NOx、SO2等霧霾形成的關(guān)鍵前體物，從而有效控制霧霾形成。②一個是目前最大的空氣凈化器，體量最大；一個技術(shù)水平世界領(lǐng)先，技術(shù)最優(yōu)。(1分)措施：治理霧霾還應(yīng)提升人們的環(huán)保意識，推崇綠色出行；提倡健康、節(jié)能、環(huán)保的生活方式，愛護植被；建議環(huán)保部門加大超量排放企業(yè)的食處力度；改善霧霾源頭的生態(tài)環(huán)境等。(2分)10.B【解析】首先通覽語段聯(lián)系上下文，明曉文段語意。其次抓住關(guān)鍵詞“者”進行斷句，然后抓住“軍旅之才”“執(zhí)銳之干”結(jié)構(gòu)對稱進行斷句，最后根據(jù)語意進行斷句。11.D【解析】“性善論”為孟子的思想。

12.D【解析】根據(jù)原文“日引賓客高會倡樂，所贍救者甚眾。乃與何颙、荀攸共謀殺卓”，文中并未交代何颙、荀攸的賓客身份。13.(1)董卓強暴殘忍，不講道義，野心很大。如果把朝政借予他，將會放縱其邪惡的欲望，必將危及朝廷。(“志欲”“若”“恣”各l1分，句意2分)(2)鄭公業(yè)才智謀略超過一般人，卻勾結(jié)外面敵寇，如今交給他士卒兵馬，使他的黨羽獲得成功，我私下為明公擔憂。(“略”“資”“懼”各1分，句意2分)【參考譯文】

14.BE(答對B項給2分，答對E項給3分)【解析】B.從“微寒”“殘”來肴，“流瀉出一股濃濃的愁怨”錯，應(yīng)是“悄悄流瀉出一股淡淡的愁怨”；E.“由悲轉(zhuǎn)沉郁，由沉郁而入憤”錯，應(yīng)是“由悲轉(zhuǎn)憤，由憤而入沉郁”。

15.①對比，上片的喜與下片的苦形成對比，突出思鄉(xiāng)之情。②開頭以樂景襯哀情，“風(fēng)柔日薄”的明媚春光反襯愁思，倍增其哀；③上片末尾觸景生情，以天氣微寒、鬢上梅殘暗寫美好心情的削減，由上文的心情美好過渡到對故鄉(xiāng)的思念；④“故鄉(xiāng)何處是”直接抒情，突出了對故鄉(xiāng)的牽掛和懷想之情；⑤“忘了除非醉”用夸張，突出了自己無時無刻不在思念故鄉(xiāng)的情感；⑥末尾句用側(cè)面表現(xiàn)和襯托，“酒未消”的情況下思鄉(xiāng)，比清醒狀態(tài)下思鄉(xiāng)之情當更為濃重。(每條2分，任選三條作答。意思對即可)16.(1)商女不知亡國恨

隔江猶唱后庭花(2)蟹六跪而二螯

非蛇鱔之穴無可寄托者

用心躁也(5分，每句1分)【解析】注意提示“晚唐統(tǒng)治者醉生夢死、荒淫誤國”“應(yīng)當專一”，另外注意“猶”“蟹”“螯”“鱔”等字的書寫。

17.B【解析】①侃侃而談：指人理直氣壯、從容不迫地說話。②側(cè)日而視：指不敢從正面看，斜著眼睛看，形容畏懼而又憤恨。此處不合語境。③眾所周知：大家普遍知道的。前面不能再加“大家”，重復(fù)。④胸無城府：形容待人接物坦率真誠。城府，借指待人處事的心機。⑤不虞之譽：沒有意料到或意想不到的贊揚。⑥不情之請：指不合情理的請求。稱自己提出請求時的客氣話，為自謙之詞。

18.C【解析】A.成分殘缺，應(yīng)在“還”的前面添加“我們的劇日”。B.語序不當，應(yīng)將“如果”放在“美國國會”的前面。D.結(jié)構(gòu)混亂，可把“把……為”改為“以……為”或“把……作為”。

19.C【解析】A.“鼎力相助”是用來感謝別人時所用，此處不當。B.“恭候”是敬辭，用于等候別人。D.“過獎之詞”，謙辭，過分的表揚或夸獎。

20.①怎樣讓孩子過好暑假 ②價格不菲的費用

③讓孩子沾染了不良習(xí)氣(每句2分)【解析】本題一定注意前后句子的關(guān)聯(lián)。根據(jù)“正值暑假”，以及“關(guān)在家里吧……自由活動吧……”可知，①處，應(yīng)該是有關(guān)孩子暑假安排的，由此不難確定答案；根據(jù)“參加各種國際游學(xué)團或夏令營吧”和“讓大多家庭倍感經(jīng)濟壓力”可知，②處可寫有關(guān)高額費用的句子；根據(jù)“一些家庭疏于管教”以及“更值得警惕”，綜合分析，③處可寫“讓孩子沾染了不良習(xí)氣”之類的句子。

21.②不是所有真正熱愛和平的國家都一定要拒絕武器開發(fā)。③不是只有在拒絕武器開發(fā)的國家，人民才會真正地有安全感。(寫對一句得2分，寫對兩句得5分)【解析】本題需要首先閱讀材料，找到文段中兩處推斷存在問題的句子，然后仿照①的形式進行表述即可?！爸挥芯芙^武器開發(fā)的國家，才是真正熱愛和平的國家”和“也只有在這樣的國家，人民才會真正地有安全感”在推斷上存在問題，根據(jù)已經(jīng)存在的條件，不一定能得出推斷的結(jié)果。22.【寫作指導(dǎo)】

材料中，魏祥自強不息的精神讓人感動，而清華所展示出的時代情懷更讓人欣慰。是的，這個時代不應(yīng)該讓美好的品質(zhì)離場，更不應(yīng)該讓充滿愛的情懷黯淡。參考角度：①自強不息，精神可嘉。自強，是一種積極面對人生的品質(zhì)。正是因為具備了這種品質(zhì)，魏祥才能在遭受身體和精神雙重折磨的情況下，考出648分的好成績，讓清華向他伸出了雙手。自強不息的品質(zhì)，讓他成就了不同凡響的人生。②時代大愛，溫暖落地。不得不說，這是一個充滿溫情與愛的時代，在這個時代，生命會受到尊重。魏祥的圓夢成功用真實的例子在向我們證明了教育公平的溫暖落地從來都不是一個可望而不可即的夢。透過清華大學(xué)給魏祥的回信不難看出，教育承擔著社會的責任，更承載著時代的情懷?！緟⒖妓夭摹?1)理論素材

①天行健，君子以自強不息。(《周易》)②勝人者有力，自勝者強。(《老子》)③有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦關(guān)終屬楚，苦心人天不負臥薪嘗膽三千越甲可吞吳。(蒲松齡)④自強像榮譽一樣，是一個無灘的島嶼。(拿破侖)⑤誰要是游戲人生，他就一事無成；誰不能主宰自己，他就永遠是一個奴隸。(歌德)(2)事實素材

①瑪格麗特：永遠都坐在前排

20世紀30年代，在英國一個小鎮(zhèn)里，一個叫瑪格麗特的小姑娘，從小就受到嚴格的家庭教育。她的父親常對她說：“無論做什么都要力爭一流，永遠不能落后于人。即使是坐公共汽車，你也要坐在前排?！爆敻覃愄乩斡浉赣H的教導(dǎo)，在以后的學(xué)習(xí)、生活和工作中，總是抱著一往無前的精神和必勝的信念，盡自已最大努力做好每一件事情。在上大學(xué)時，入學(xué)考試科目中要求學(xué)五年的拉丁文課程，瑪格麗特憑著自己頑強的毅力和拼搏精神，硬是在一個學(xué)期內(nèi)全部學(xué)完了，并且考試成績名列前茅。她在體育、唱歌演講及學(xué)校的其他活動方面也都一直走在前列。她還連續(xù)四屆當選保守黨領(lǐng)袖，并于1979年成為英國第一位女首相，雄踞政壇長達11年之久。她就是被世人譽為“鐵娘子”的瑪格麗特·撒切爾夫人。②村上春樹：最美的風(fēng)景在路上

村上春樹，公眾心中諾貝爾文學(xué)獎的最佳候選人。然而，支持率年年“領(lǐng)跑”的村上春樹總是與諾獎無緣。不過，日本常出長跑名將，在強調(diào)毅力、堅韌等競技精神的氛圍中，跑完6次波士頓馬拉松的村上春樹曾在作品中直言“追求得到之日即其終止之時，尋覓的過程亦即失去的過程”。他在文學(xué)探索的路上長跑，在人們生活方式時代記憶趨同的當下，直面扁平化的世界，選擇了高難度的寫作對象一一當代都市。于是，從《且聽風(fēng)吟》到《挪威的森林》，他走著與日本傳統(tǒng)文學(xué)不同的路線，這些作品基調(diào)輕盈，卻讓讀者確確實實得到了情感的洗禮。常常掀起購書風(fēng)潮的超級暢銷書作家村上春樹當然不會被人遺忘。

第四篇：2010年全國普通高等學(xué)校運動訓(xùn)練、民族傳統(tǒng)體育專業(yè)單招統(tǒng)一招生考試模擬題一答案

1.B。be at a loss是一固定搭配，“茫然不知所措”；后面句中的word在謂語之后又一同位語，因此在其前面應(yīng)該應(yīng)該加the。故選B.2.A本空格補全了的話，應(yīng)該是twice as expensive as ours.應(yīng)選A。形容詞的級別的用法、加上數(shù)詞來修飾。

3.B根據(jù)句子的邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是說：“這種雜志很受年輕人的歡迎。?！保蔬xB.4.A本句前后兩個分句結(jié)合起來來分析，應(yīng)該是“這次藝術(shù)展一點都不算失敗，是個大成功?！眆ar from: 遠非，毫不； second to: 次于。。；regardless to: 不管，不顧。故選A。

5.A旅館（的情形）太糟糕！“。。房間太小”，后一分句用的是then我們發(fā)現(xiàn)淋浴還不工作；前后兩句是迭進關(guān)系，都是在描述旅館里不好的方面。To begin with：“首先”。after all: “畢竟，終究”；in reality:“實際上”；as a whole: “總而言之，總起來說”。故選A。

6.C在過去的幾十年里，北極洲海里的冰，由于全球變暖，一直在減少。重點看時間標志over the past decades，截止點是現(xiàn)在，可以用“現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)”，或“現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)”，因此，只能選C.7.B“他一定是完成了工作，要不然，他不會在海邊過得很愉快”。這四個選項中，只有B、D可以表示推測，但D所表示的含義與整句邏輯關(guān)系不符。故選B：對發(fā)生過的事情表示推測（一定是）。

8.B“許多父母在大城市工作的孩子，都在村里受到很好的照顧。”句子的主語many children, 與后面從句中的主語parents是一種屬關(guān)系，故選B。

9.D句子前半截中重要提示是tomorrow;后一分句提到：我們將呆在室內(nèi)上培訓(xùn)課；時間狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示一般將來時態(tài)。故選D。Cput out:熄滅；put on：穿上；put off：推遲，延期；put up：張貼，搭建。根據(jù)句子的前后邏輯關(guān)系，只有C是對的。

11.D“Jim 老爺五年前用他辛苦掙的錢興建了一所私立學(xué)校”。found是動詞原形：創(chuàng)辦、成立、興建；五年前發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時態(tài)來表示，故選D。

12.B當。。時候，應(yīng)該用進行時態(tài)表示那時正在發(fā)生的事情；從句中用的一般過去時態(tài)，主句中就表示過去那個時候正在發(fā)生。.故選B。

13.C這幾個詞都有“花費”的意思，但搭配使用不同：spend、pay的主語必須是人；take的主語必須是形式主語it,而真正的主語一般都后置，只有cost的主語是物：Sth costs(sb.)some money.故選C。

14.D“正是在2005年，我們公司才開始引進這個新方法”。強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是It is/was?that(who)?。只有被強調(diào)對象是人的情況下，后面句子的引導(dǎo)詞才可以換成who,其他情況下引導(dǎo)詞都是that，不管強調(diào)狀語還是什么別的對象。

15.C“假如他學(xué)習(xí)足夠努力，他就通過數(shù)學(xué)考試了；但他（事實上）沒有”。本句是對發(fā)生過的事情進行跟事實相反的假設(shè)。如果對發(fā)生過的事情假設(shè)，條件句中謂語部分用過去完成時態(tài)，結(jié)果主句中的謂語動詞部分，應(yīng)該配套用would（等情態(tài)動詞）+ 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。

16.D前一分句說：兔子是相當安靜的動物，后一分句是：他們能夠發(fā)出20種不同的聲音，分析兩者的邏輯關(guān)系，只能是D（讓步狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞）；B、C二者都不能引導(dǎo)從句；若選A，前后邏輯關(guān)系都不同。

17.DSo放在句首，是對前文中肯定內(nèi)容的代替，若選它，與前一分句句意不符；B、C都沒有放在句首起代替作用的用法；只有Neither(也不?)在結(jié)構(gòu)上、前后邏輯關(guān)系上都符合。

18.B“我不會去買那本書?！薄拔乙膊蝗?，這本書太貴了。”so和neither放在句首、且句子主謂倒裝時，可以表示前一種情況也適合于后者，so用于肯定的情況，而neither則用于否定的情況。所以B正確而C錯誤．A不合適，因為A中的助動詞和前面句子中的助動詞不同。D也不正確，因為too作“也”講時，一般用在肯定句中，而不用于否定句中。

19.B許多房子在地震中倒塌了。a good many意為“相當多，很多”，后面要跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞也應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，并且本句所講述的是過去發(fā)生的動作，所以應(yīng)用過去時。

20.A考查情景交際用語。表示有禮貌的請求時常用“Would you mind…?”句式，用以詢問“你介意…嗎？”，請求對方不要做某事，用Would you mind + not doing sth?。同意(不介意)對方做某事時，常用的回答有No, please./ Certainly not./ No, not at all./ Of course not；不同意（介意）對方做某事時，常用的回答有Sorry, but I do./ Yes, you’d better not.。故本題選A。

21.B從句意：然后告訴他的百姓，每個家庭都不得不從家中拿一杯牛奶，在晚上把它倒入池塘里。從某處應(yīng)用介詞from。

22.D到早晨，池塘里應(yīng)該裝滿了牛奶。fill…with 與be full of都表示“滿的”意思，fill是動詞，而full 是形容詞，各自的搭配不同。

23.C他想既然每個人都帶牛奶，認為以來,他就把牛奶藏一杯水,把它變成池塘。句意為：接到命令后，每個人都回家了。其他三項均不符合句意，只有C項。

24.A他想每個人都從家中帶來牛奶，他把牛奶藏起來，而用一杯水代替倒入池塘里。

25.B句意為：由于晚上天黑，沒有人會注意到。表示“原因”只有選項B。

26.C句意為：所以他很快就把水放入池塘,回到家里。

27.A由后文可知，大家都與這個人的想法一樣，倒入池塘里的是水，應(yīng)是令國王大為吃驚符合句意。故選A。

28.C固定短語the same…as…表示“與……一樣”的意思。

29.A句意為：親愛的朋友，當你計劃去幫助貧窮的人或那些處于困境中的人們，不要以為別人會照顧它。other 表示“其他人”而其他三項均不符合句意。

30.D所以改變自己,與眾不同。make a difference表示“與眾不同”的意思。

31.B事實判斷題。根據(jù)Without the mountain-climbing that we both enjoyed, we couldn’t have enough time to spend together because my father was very busy.I really got a lot from mountain-climbing.可判斷出答案為B。

32.C詞義推斷題。由第二段I got a pain in both of my legs.I wanted toclimbing.可知由于腿疼，推斷想要放棄。故選C。

33.A邏輯推斷題。由最后一段第二句But later after that, I got new hope and confidence(信心).I found myself standing at the top of the sky, which was as clear as crystal(水晶).可判斷出A。

34.A主旨大意題。從整篇文章中敘述爬上所帶來的啟迪。

35.A細節(jié)判斷題。由第一段可知the law says you can’t have a full-time job until you are 16 years old.可知16歲以上才能獲得全職工作。故選A。

36.B細節(jié)判斷題。由Reisa said she had started taking art classes and showing her work to people.People have asked her to draw pictures for them and they pay her for them.Jasmine, 13, writes articles for different magazines!可判斷出B。

37.C段落大意題。從最后一段第一、二句Earning is learning.By working to earn your own money, you are learning the skills you will need to succeed in life.可知。

38.B細節(jié)推斷題。由第一段第三句Perhaps we will go back to using horses, carriages and bicycles.可知。

39.D數(shù)據(jù)推算題。文中提出發(fā)電的方法有3種。

40.B推理判斷題。由第二段They made gas from wood and plants instead.在二戰(zhàn)期間用wood and plants。故選B。

41.B主旨大意題。由文章一開始就談?wù)撌怯芯o缺，若石油用完將采用什么來代替。

42.B細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)信息A，F(xiàn)or more information, please visit Larry’s website:.au可知答案為B。

43.【答案】C

【解析】事實詢問題。根據(jù)信息B，Call Susan at 7328059可知狗的失主為Susan。

44.D細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)信息C，Experience and a good knowledge of the city are necessary.可知答案為D。

45.【答案】A

【解析】細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)信息D，E-mail: sdgt@yahoo.cn.可判斷出答案為A。

46.scientist47.surprisedshocked48.tired49.safe50.interesting51.instructions 52.clearly

53.difficulties54.operation 55.pleasure

Sample:

Dear David,I'm glad you'll come to henan to learn Chinese.Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now.It's difficult for you because it's quite different from English.You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible.It's also important to do some reading and writing.You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practice your listening.Do your best to talk with people in Chinese.You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you.If you have any questions, please ask me.I'm sure you'll learn Chinese well.Hope to see you soon in Wuhu.Yours,Chen Quan

Ladies and gentlemen，

第五篇：2013普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試

2013普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（江西卷）

語文試題 詳解

第Ⅰ卷（選擇題 共３６分）

一、（１８分，每小題３分）

1、下列詞語中，加點的字讀音全都正確的一組是

A、衣著（zhu?）果脯（fǔ）給（gěi]養(yǎng)揆情度（du?）理

B、蟊（máo）賊呵（hē）護湍（tuān）急模棱（léng）兩可

C、載（zài）體供（g?ng）認涔（cén）涔呱（gu?。┻蓧嫷?/p>

D、慍（yùn）色角（jiǎoj）色畏葸（xǐ）殞身不恤（xù）

【答案】B

【解析】A(jǐ)養(yǎng)——①所需物質(zhì)和食物、飼料、燃料等的儲備。②供給軍隊人員的主食、副食、燃料和軍用牲畜的飼料等的統(tǒng)稱。揆情度理kuí qíng du? lǐ——揆：估量揣測；度：猜想。按照情和理估量，推測。C、呱呱墜地gū gū zhuì dì——形容嬰兒出生或事物問世。D、角（jué）色。殞身不恤yǔn shēn bú xù——殞：犧牲；恤：顧惜。犧牲生命也不顧惜。[出自]魯迅《記念劉和珍君》

2、下列詞語中，沒有錯別字的一組是

A、松馳 回溯 衛(wèi)戍皇天后土B、辨認 影牒 榮膺殘羹冷炙

C、豆蔻 聘禮 修葺金壁輝煌D、城闕 編纂 惻隱亭亭玉立

【答案】D。

【解析】【A、松馳（弛）B、影牒（碟）C、金壁輝煌（碧）】

3、下列各句中，加點的詞語使用恰當?shù)囊豁検?/p>

（1）家庭的使他從小對美就有敏銳的感悟，鄉(xiāng)村豐富的色彩和生動的線條使他陶醉不已。

（2）那個時候的中國，社會動蕩，經(jīng)濟秩序極為混亂，物價，人民苦不堪言。

（3）沈陽飛機制造公司全體職工都總經(jīng)理羅陽獻身國防事業(yè)的崇高精神打動。

A、熏陶青云直上為而B、熏染青云直上為而

C、熏陶扶搖直上為所D、熏染扶搖直上為所

【答案】C。

【解析】熏陶——人的思想行為因長期接觸某些事物而受到好的影響。熏染——人的思想和生活習(xí)慣逐漸受到影響（多指不良的）。扶搖直上——扶搖：急劇盤旋而上的暴風(fēng)。形容地位、名聲、價值等迅速往上升。青云直上——青云：指青天；直上：直線上升。指迅速升到很高的地位。

4、下列各句中，標點符號使用正確的一項是

A、走到一個十字路口，左拐；繼續(xù)向前，走到第二個十字路口，還是左拐，跨過馬路，就是圖書館。

B、蕓齋主人說：魯迅先生有言：真的猛士敢于直面慘淡的人生，敢于正視淋漓的鮮血。

C、蝴蝶縱有千般不是，還是有一樁長處：不做室中物！飛，則飛于野；舞，則舞于田。

D、“血戰(zhàn)長空”以獨特視角關(guān)注抗戰(zhàn)時期中國空軍的歷史，劇中主要角色均有歷史原型。

【答案】C。

【解析】A、“還是左拐”后的逗號應(yīng)為分號。因為句子涉及“走到走到跨過”三種情況。

B、冒號連用錯誤。

“一個句子中不能出現(xiàn)兩個冒號”這條規(guī)則是有條件的！

原因：冒號我們都知道要管到句號為止。但如果出現(xiàn)兩個冒號，則要有兩個句號（或句子末尾符號如嘆號等）與之對應(yīng)。如果沒有則結(jié)構(gòu)不清了。

廠長宣布：根據(jù)新情況制定二項新規(guī)定：一是不得帶快餐盒進廠，二是工作期間不得串崗。（第一個冒號要管到句號，第二個冒號也要管到句號，那么這個句號就用了兩次，所以還得加一個句號；但是兩個句號連用又沒有這個用法。所以要去掉一個冒號。

冒號都有相對應(yīng)的句子終了符號。

如，子貢曰:“詩云:‘如切如磋,如琢如磨?！渌怪^?”

第一個冒號與問號對應(yīng)，第二個冒號與句號對應(yīng)。

D、“血戰(zhàn)長空”是電視劇的名字，應(yīng)該用書名號。

5.下列各句中，沒有語病的一項是

A、女性學(xué)者被稱為“美女學(xué)者”，我還聽過“美女主持”“美女政治家”的說法，估計沒被我漏舉的還有不少。

B、教育主管部門要求，各級各類學(xué)校學(xué)生的生活用品以及床上用品都應(yīng)由學(xué)生自主選購，不得統(tǒng)一配備。

C、當前某些引起轟動的影視作品，也許在兩年后，甚至五年以后就會被人遺忘得一干二凈。

D、俄羅斯有發(fā)展遠東的計劃，中國有振興東北的戰(zhàn)略，如果有效對接，可能實現(xiàn)雙贏，不過目前還只是一種期待。

【答案】D、【解析】A、雙重否定不當。應(yīng)該為“沒被我例舉的還有不少”或“被我漏舉的還有不少”。B、選購指挑選購買（商品），即通過對商品的比較，從中挑選出自己需要的商品進行購買。自主指自己作主，不受別人支配?？梢姟白灾鳌毙揎棥斑x購”顯得多余。也許有學(xué)生會認為生活用品包含了床上用品。實際上床上用品指擺放于床上，供人在睡眠時使用的物品，包括被褥、被套、床單、床罩、床笠、枕套、枕芯、毯子、涼席和蚊帳等。而生活用品是生活中常用的一些物品的統(tǒng)稱，例如牙膏，臉盆，衣架等。C、“五年以后”比“兩年后”忘得多是自然而然的事，體現(xiàn)不出遞進，二者應(yīng)該換個位置。

6、下列關(guān)于名著的表述，不正確的一項是

A、孔子讓他的學(xué)生談?wù)劯髯缘闹鞠?，子路搶著發(fā)言，冉有、公西華、曾皙是在老師點名后才發(fā)言的。最后，曾皙的發(fā)言得到了老師的贊許。（《論語》）

B、小說主人公大衛(wèi)的母親改嫁后，繼父對大衛(wèi)的管教近乎殘忍，強迫他掛著寫有“小心！他咬人！”的紙板牌，并把他送到倫敦的寄宿學(xué)校。（《大衛(wèi)?科波菲爾》）

C、在金陵十二釵正冊中，王熙鳳的判詞是：“凡鳥偏從末世來, 都知愛慕此生才。一從二令三人木, 哭向金陵事更哀?！保ā都t樓夢》）

D、堂吉訶德沉迷于騎士小說，忍不住要去行俠仗義。他四處冒險，上演了很多鬧劇。他大戰(zhàn)風(fēng)車，以致連人帶馬摔在地上，折斷了長槍。（《堂吉訶德》）

【答案】B（有一次當繼父用鞭子打大衛(wèi)的時候，大衛(wèi)把他的手咬傷了。這一下他把大衛(wèi)監(jiān)禁了五天，之后又送到一所寄宿學(xué)校。大衛(wèi)在這所學(xué)校里受盡了屈辱和摧殘。一開始，校長秉承摩德斯通姐弟的旨意，在他身上掛了一塊寫有“當心他，他咬人”的告白牌，之后他又無數(shù)次地忍受校長的鞭打。這就是大衛(wèi)人生的開端?？梢夿項判斷不當，既然是校長讓大衛(wèi)掛著紙板牌，那“并把他送到倫敦的寄宿學(xué)?！本湾e的離譜了）

爭鳴：D答案也有不正確之處?！伴L槍不是摔在地上折斷的”。應(yīng)是“長矛刺中了風(fēng)車翼，可疾風(fēng)吹動風(fēng)車翼，把長矛折斷成幾截，把馬和騎士重重地摔倒在田野上”。相關(guān)內(nèi)容見《堂吉訶德》第八章“駭人的風(fēng)車奇險中唐吉訶德的英勇表現(xiàn)及其他”附相關(guān)情節(jié)：

這時他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了田野里的三十四架風(fēng)車。

唐吉訶德一看見風(fēng)車就對侍從說：

“命運的安排比我們希望的還好。你看那兒，桑喬?潘薩朋友，就有三十多個放肆的巨人。我想同他們戰(zhàn)斗，要他們所有人的性命。有了戰(zhàn)利品，我們就可以發(fā)財了。這是正義的戰(zhàn)斗。從地球表面清除這些壞種是對上帝的一大貢獻。”

“什么巨人？”桑喬?潘薩問。

“就是你看見的那些長臂家伙，有的臂長足有兩西里（西班牙里程單位，簡稱為西里，一西里為5572．7米）呢?！碧萍X德說。

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“您看，”桑喬說，“那些不是巨人，是風(fēng)車。那些像長臂的東西是風(fēng)車翼，靠風(fēng)轉(zhuǎn)動，能夠推動石磨?！?/p>

唐吉訶德說：“在征險方面你還是外行。他們是巨人。如果你害怕了，就靠邊站，我去同他們展開殊死的搏斗?！?/p>

說完他便催馬向前。侍從桑喬大聲喊著告訴他，他進攻的肯定是風(fēng)車，不是巨人?？伤徊焕頃?，已經(jīng)聽不見侍從桑喬的喊叫，認定那就是巨人，到了風(fēng)車跟前也沒看清那是什么東西，只是高聲喊道：

“不要逃跑，你們這些膽小的惡棍！向你們進攻的只是騎士孤身一人?！边@時起了點風(fēng)，大風(fēng)車翼開始轉(zhuǎn)動，唐吉訶德見狀便說：

“即使你們的手比布里亞柔斯（希臘神話人物，又稱埃蓋翁，據(jù)說有五十個頭、一百只手。）的手還多，也逃脫不了我的懲罰。”

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他又虔誠地請他的杜爾西內(nèi)亞夫人保佑他，請她在這個關(guān)鍵時刻幫助他。說完他戴好護胸，攥緊長矛，飛馬上前，沖向前面的第一個風(fēng)車。長矛刺中了風(fēng)車翼，可疾風(fēng)吹動風(fēng)車翼，把長矛折斷成幾截，把馬和騎士重重地摔倒在田野上。桑喬催驢飛奔而來救護他，只見唐吉訶德已動彈不得。是馬把他摔成了這個樣子。

“上帝保佑！”桑喬說，“我不是告訴您了嗎，看看您在干什么？那是風(fēng)車，除非誰腦袋里也有了風(fēng)車，否則怎么能不承認那是風(fēng)車呢？”

“住嘴，桑喬朋友！”唐吉訶德說，“戰(zhàn)斗這種事情，比其它東西更為變化無常。我愈想愈認為，是那個偷了我的書房和書的賢人弗雷斯通把這些巨人變成了風(fēng)車，以剝奪我戰(zhàn)勝他而贏得的榮譽。他對我敵意頗深。不過到最后，他的惡毒手腕終究敵不過我的正義之劍?！薄白屔系郾M力而為吧?！鄙?潘薩說。

桑喬扶唐吉訶德站起來，重新上馬。那匹馬已經(jīng)東倒西歪了。他們談?wù)撝鴦偛诺碾U遇，繼續(xù)向拉皮塞隘口方向趕路。

二、（9分，每小題3分）

閱讀下面的文字，完成7-9題

病毒不同于其他所有生物，它不是由細胞組成的。一個細胞中的結(jié)構(gòu)要進行生命活動：進食、產(chǎn)生能量、生長、對環(huán)境的改變作出反應(yīng)。但這一切病毒都沒有。當它呆在細胞外時，它實際上是很小的、無生命的、懶惰的顆粒。它進入細胞后，災(zāi)難就來了。

所有的病毒都由兩部份組成：核酸構(gòu)成的核和包住核的一層蛋白質(zhì)，在有些情況下是脂肪或類脂的包膜。蛋白質(zhì)外表或類脂包膜（如果有的話）使病毒依附上細胞膜----然后病毒進入細胞。實際上這并不容易。病毒外衣的表面必須剛好依附在細胞膜的“接收器”的位置。即使在理想的條件下，病毒與合適的細胞的幾千次撞擊中，也只有一次能使它們正確地連接。這就可以解釋為什么通常的病毒只對特定的細胞起作用?？袢『透忻皠t是最明顯的例外，它們能感染的范疇級廣。

一旦病毒依附上細胞，它有幾種方法穿過細胞膜進入細胞。在細胞膜上開一個小洞讓它進去，有脂肪包膜的病毒能將它們的包膜與細胞膜融合而使它們進入細胞。

當病毒進入細胞，它就開始回2013年高考試題——語文（江西卷）解析版