第一篇：2014年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)單項(xiàng)選擇 拉分題特訓(xùn)：動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) Word版含答案

2014年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)單項(xiàng)選擇 拉分題特訓(xùn)：動詞的時(shí)態(tài)

和語態(tài)

1.I don’t think it advisable that TimA.is givenB.will be givenC.be givenD.has been given

2.It is time you_______to station earlier, because it is the first time that you_______there.A.went;gotB.went;have gotC.have gone;gotD.have gone;have got

3.—We are informed that the concert starts at 7:00.—Oh, I didn’t expect it was so early!I_______to go out for dinner with my friends first.A.was planningB.am planningC.have been planningD.have planned 4.They have a good knowledge of English but little_______they know about German.A.haveB.didC.hadD.do

5.—Have you completed the project?

—I’m sorry to tell you that we _______ it when we found how much it _______.A.have abandoned;costsB.abandoned;costC.had abandoned;cost

D.abandoned;would cost

6.—My car _______ twice this month.—I’m sorry to hear that.A.has been broken inB.was broken inC.has been broken intoD.was broken into

7.—Did you go somewhere on holiday?

—I _______ to go to Hawaii, but I didn’t sign up for the tour in time.A.would hopeB.was hopedC.had hopedD.have hoped

8.—Has your former classmate come back from America?

—Yes, he _______there for eight years.A.has stayedB.staysC.stayedD.had stayed

9.Believe it or not, the Great Wall, which _______by people, should be protected at once.A.has been destroyed

B.is destroyed

C.was destroyed

D.is being destroyed

10.I don’t understand how you got a ticket.I always _______you _______a careful driver.A.think;areB.am thinking;areC.thought;wereD.think;were

11.—What a large collection!

—Believe it or not, my interest in stamp collecting _______ primary school days.A.dates fromB.dated back toC.is dated back toD.was dated from

12.That’s a big match.Everyone _______it on TV this time next week.A.are watchingB.are to watchC.will watchD.will be watching

13.—Cheer up, Mike, you look really down in the dump.—Sorry, but if you found out that you_______ , what will be your reaction?

A.has been cheatedB.had been cheatedC.has cheatedD.had cheated

14.—Cheer up, Mike, you look really down in the dump.—Sorry, but if you found out that you_______ , what will be your reaction?

A.has been cheatedB.had been cheatedC.has cheatedD.had cheated

15.All these companies grew up in the Internet Age and_______ to take advantage of the

networked world.A.were designedB.have designedC.have been designedD.were

being designed 16.My mother_______for Beijing in a few days.I wonder when the earliest plane_______on Monday.A.leaves;takes offB.is leaving;takes offC.is leaving;is taking offD.leaves;is taking off

17.—Your neighbor’s house was broken into last night.Where_______?

—I met an old friend of mine and came back very late, say, this morning.A.were youB.have you beenC.did you goD.had you been

18.—How was your weekend, Joshua?

—Awful!That was the first time I_______alone at home, bored to death.A.has leftB.had leftC.has been leftD.had been left

19Lady Wang _____as a secretary for five years in the company, and now she is a general manager of it.A.has servedB.servesC.had servedD.served

20.Our friendship_____quickly over the weeks that followed.A.had developedB.was developingC.would developD.developed

21.—Bob!How’s your project? I heard you started it last Friday, right?

—Oh!Ifor it.But I haven’t decided when to do it.A.have preparedB.had preparedC.have been preparingD.was preparing

22.By the time you ______ in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.A.will arriveB.arrivedC.arriveD.are arriving 23.Asis known to us all, English books of this kind _____ well in middle schools．

A．sellB．sellsC．issoldD．a(chǎn)re sold

24.What we'll do is leave a note for Mum to tell her we _______ back till late.A.have not beenB.are notC.won't beD.were not

25.When Alice came to, she did not know how long she_______there.A.had been lyingB.has been lyingC.was lyingD.has lain

26.On her next birthday, Ann _______ married for twenty years.A.isB.has beenC.will beD.will have been

27.—Tommy is planning to buy a car.—I know.By next month, he_______enough for a used one.A.savesB.savedC.will saveD.will have saved

28.The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune_______.A.is madeB.would makeC.was to be madeD.had made

29.Did you predict that many students_______up for the dance competition?

A.would signB.signedC.have signedD.had signed

30.No decision_______about any future appointment until all the candidates have been

interviewed.A.will be madeB.is madeC.is being madeD.had been made

31.—What a mistake!—Yes.I_______his doing it another way, but without success.A.was suggestingB.will suggestC.would suggestD.had suggested 32.Experiments of this kind_______in both the U.S.and Europe well before the Second World War.A.have conductedB.have been conductedC.had conducted

D.had been conducted

33.During the period of recent terrorist activities, people_______not to touch any unattended bag.A.had always been warned

B.were always being warned

C.are always warning

D.always warned

34.The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant_______in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.A.gaveB.givesC.was givingD.had given

35.—Has your father returned from Africa yet?—Yes, but he_______here for only three days before hiscompany sent him to Australia.A.wasB.has beenC.will beD.would be

36.When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone.Where_______?

A.did you goB.have you goneC.were youD.had you been

37.—You speak very good French!—Thanks.I_______ Frenchin Sichuan University for four years.A.studiedB.studyC.was studyingD.had studied

38.When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but bythe time

we_______up, her voice had been full of life.A.were hangingB.had hungC.hungD.would hang

39.You’ve failed to do what you_______to and I’m afraid theteacher will blame you.A.will expectB.will be expectedC.expectedD.were expected

40.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he_______.A.was busyB.is busyC.had been busyD.will be busy

41.After gettinglost in a storm, a member of the navy team_______four days later.A.rescuedB.was rescuedC.has rescuedD.had been rescued42Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair_______all day.Could you speak to her now?

A.phonesB.has phonedC.has been phoningD.phoned

43.—We’ve spent too much money recently.—Well, it isn’t surprising.Our friends and

relatives_______aroundall the time.A.are comingB.had comeC.were comingD.have beencoming

44.I got caught in the rain and my suit_______.A.has ruinedB.had ruinedC.has been ruinedD.had beenruined

45.—When shall we restart our business?—Not until we_______our plan.A.will finishB.are finishingC.are to finishD.have finished

46.When you are home, give a call to let me know you_______safely.A.are arrivingB.have arrivedC.had arrivedD.will arrive

47.—I didn’t ask for the name list.Why_______on my desk?—I put it there just now in case you needed it.A.does it landB.has it landedC.will it landD.had it landed

48.According to the literary review, Shakespeare_______hischaracters live through their language in his plays.A.will makeB.had madeC.was makingD.makes

參考答案

1.C2.B3.A4.D5.D6.C7.C8.C9.D10.C11.A

12.D13.B14.B15.A16.B17.A18.D19.D20.D21.C

22.C23.A24.C25.A26.D27.D28.C29.A30.A31.D

32.D33.B34.C35.A36.C37.A38.C39.D40.A41.B42.C

43.D44.C45.D46.B47.B48.D

第二篇：2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語教案——專題六 動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語教案

專題六 動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

【專題要點(diǎn)】動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)要點(diǎn)概述如下：

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性、個(gè)人能力、普遍真理；表示“已經(jīng)列入日程表”時(shí)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來；

2.表示說話人始料的事，常用一般過去時(shí)；

3.進(jìn)行時(shí)與某些頻度副詞連用時(shí)，常帶有贊賞、厭煩等感情色彩； 4.時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中常用一般時(shí)表將來； 5.will/be going to do/be about to do的用法區(qū)別； 6．固定句式中的時(shí)態(tài)搭配；

7.用主動形式表示被動意義常見的幾種情況；

8.was/were going to do以及had intended/hoped/expected/thought等可表示本打算干某事，實(shí)際上未干成；

9.固定句式中的時(shí)態(tài)：

1）It/This is/was+the+序數(shù)詞+time+that-----;It/This is/was+the+形容詞最高級+名詞+-----2）hardly/scarcely----when,no sooner---than結(jié)構(gòu)中when,than前的主句必須用過去完成時(shí)時(shí)than,when所在的從句用一般過去時(shí)；

3）It is(high)time that-----(早)該----結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語動詞必須用過去時(shí)，是虛擬語氣的一種； 4）It will be+一段時(shí)間+before+從句（從句謂語動詞一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)）It was+一段時(shí)間+before+從句（從句謂語動詞一般用過去時(shí)）5）It is/has been+一段時(shí)間+since從句（從句用一般過去時(shí)）It was/had been+一段時(shí)間+since從句（從句用一般過去完成時(shí)）

【考綱要求】時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)一直是熱點(diǎn)，也是廣大考生復(fù)習(xí)備考的難點(diǎn)?？季V要求考生應(yīng)該具備較強(qiáng)的語言應(yīng)用能力，能在具體語境中恰當(dāng)、準(zhǔn)確地使用某一特定時(shí)態(tài)；熟練掌握常見的8種時(shí)態(tài)，弄清16種時(shí)態(tài)，同時(shí)還要熟練運(yùn)用特殊時(shí)態(tài)句式和用法以及不用被動式但表示被動的動詞和短語。

【教法指引】高考對時(shí)態(tài)的考查非常靈活且難度較大，不易把握。大部分時(shí)態(tài)題答案的選擇取決于題干語境；但也有部分時(shí)態(tài)試題較易把握，其用法相對固定，常見于特定句式結(jié)構(gòu)中；還有部分常見時(shí)態(tài)用法特殊。綜觀近年來的高考單項(xiàng)填空題,動詞成為考查的熱點(diǎn),在15個(gè)單項(xiàng)選擇中，考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)的題一般不少于2道，動詞的時(shí)態(tài)常和語態(tài)、主謂一致結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行考查。教師在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)備考、答題中，要遵循如下思路： ① 這個(gè)動作可能發(fā)生在什么時(shí)間？題干句中可參照的時(shí)間信息有那些？

② 這個(gè)動作處于什么時(shí)態(tài)，是進(jìn)行中，還是已經(jīng)結(jié)束（完成）？限制或修飾這個(gè)動作的狀語信息有哪些？

③ 這個(gè)動作與主語的關(guān)系，是主動還是被動？

只要全面細(xì)致地考慮了這些問題的答案，試題的正確答案也就水落石出了?！局R網(wǎng)絡(luò)】

動詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)

一、動詞時(shí)態(tài)

（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常以動詞原形表示，但當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，應(yīng)用動詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要有以下幾種用法：

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的行為或狀態(tài)，常與usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等時(shí)間狀語連用。

He always sleeps with the windows open.他總是開著窗子睡覺。

2、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示主語的性格、特征、能力等。He works hard.他工作很努力

3、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理，也用在格言中。The sun rises in the east.太陽從東方升起。

4、在時(shí)間、條件、比較等狀語從句中表將來的動作

在由when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, whenever等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，但應(yīng)注意，主句的謂語動詞必須用一般將來時(shí)。The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.如果下雨，排球賽將推遲

5、表示安排或計(jì)劃好的將來動作，通常限于表示“運(yùn)動”的動詞，如：go, come, leave, start等。The train starts at 10 o' clock in the morning.火車在上午10點(diǎn)發(fā)車

（二）一般過去時(shí)

一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間連用，yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago等。也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，常和often, always等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用

1、表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，常有明確的時(shí)間狀語，如yesterday，last night, some years ago，in1890等，以及由when等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。

2、表示過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作常與often，usually，seldom等表示頻度的副詞連用。When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.我在鄉(xiāng)村里，經(jīng)常去拜訪那里的朋友。

3、在條件、時(shí)間狀語從句中，常用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。

They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他們說如果聽到什么關(guān)于他的消息，就通知我們。

4、表示虛擬語氣

這一用法只適用于某些特定的句型，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼姆钦鎸?shí)、主觀意圖或愿望。If only I had a better memory.要是我的記憶力好一點(diǎn)就好了。

If it rained tomorrow, the match would be put off.要是明天下雨，比賽就會延期舉行。

（三）一般將來時(shí)

1、一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如tomorrow, in the future, next year等。一般將來時(shí)由“助動詞will/shall+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。

2、一般將來時(shí)的其他表達(dá)法（1）“be going to+動詞原形”表將來

①這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事或肯定要發(fā)生的事。They are going to meet outside the school gate.他們打算在校門口見面。

②還可表示說話人根據(jù)已有的事實(shí)或跡象，認(rèn)為某事即將發(fā)生、肯定會發(fā)生或可能出現(xiàn)的情況。I think I'm going to die.我想我要死了。(現(xiàn)在生命垂危)

Look at the cloud.It's going to rain.瞧那烏云，天要下雨了。(烏云密布，使我斷定天要下雨)

③這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示“肯定、預(yù)測，注定會”。在這種情況下可以和“think, hope, want, belive, like”等表示靜態(tài)的動詞連用。

He failed in the exam;he knew he was going to when he looked at the test paper.他沒考及格，他一看試卷就知道考不及格。The voters aren't going to like him.選民們不會喜歡他的?！癰e about to+動詞原形”表將來

（2）“be about to+動詞原形”表示打算或據(jù)安排即將發(fā)生的動作。它不與表示時(shí)間的副詞或其他時(shí)間狀語連用。The English evening is about to start.英語晚會即將開始。

（3）“be to+動詞原形”表示約定的、計(jì)劃中的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)要求要發(fā)生的動作，這種動作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意見。

There's to be a slide show this afternoon.今天下午要放幻燈。You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.到10點(diǎn)你得交上試卷。（4）用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)來表示將來

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，這一結(jié)構(gòu)常用于表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，如come , go , leave, start ,move, arrive等，還有join, play, eat, work, return, take, wear, stay, sleep, meet等。常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。

I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。

When are you going back to your factory? 你什么時(shí)候回工廠？（5）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來

用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示根據(jù)規(guī)定預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生、安排或計(jì)劃好的將來的動作。這一結(jié)構(gòu)常用于表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，如come, go, leave, start, begin, sail, return, stop, end, open, stay等。The plane starts at 8 o'clock in the morning.飛機(jī)上午8點(diǎn)起飛。When does the show begin?展覽什么時(shí)候開始？

（四）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“助動詞be（is/am/are）+ v-ing”構(gòu)成。它的用法如下：

1、表示說話人說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作，它不涉及該動作的發(fā)生和結(jié)果，譯成漢語“正在”，這一用法常和表示此刻的時(shí)間狀語連用，如now, at this time, at present，at the moment等。

2、表示現(xiàn)階段但并非眼下正在進(jìn)行著的動作，這種動作常與表示一段的時(shí)間狀語連用，如these days , this week等。

3、表示將來的動作,表示某個(gè)按最近的計(jì)劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的動作，或即將開始或進(jìn)行的動作。常用的這類詞go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do, dine等，通常要與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，以區(qū)別此刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。He is coming to see you tomorrow.他明天要來看你。

4、表達(dá)褒貶等感情色彩

和always ,forever, continually, constantly, instantly, continuously等頻度副詞連用，表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的進(jìn)行性。表達(dá)厭煩、憤怒、抱怨、贊揚(yáng)等情感。He is constantly leaving his things about.他時(shí)常亂丟東西。（表責(zé)怪）She is always changing her clothes.她老是換衣服。（表責(zé)怪）He is always working hard.他總是學(xué)習(xí)很用功。（表贊賞）They're forever quarrelling about something.他們老是為某件事爭吵。(不滿)

5、wonder, hope, think 等表示心理的動詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣 I'm wondering if I may come a little late.我在想我能不能晚來一會兒。

（五）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作。構(gòu)成過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常由“助動詞be的過去時(shí)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。用法如下：

1、表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在或過去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作。動作發(fā)生的特定時(shí)間常用一個(gè)短語或時(shí)間狀語從句來表明。

注意：在含有時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，延續(xù)時(shí)間較長的動作用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動作用一般過去時(shí)。如果表示兩個(gè)延續(xù)動作在過去某一時(shí)刻同時(shí)進(jìn)行，而不考慮動作的先后長短，則主句和從句的謂語動詞都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.我進(jìn)屋的時(shí)候，她正坐在書桌前面。The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.學(xué)生們在看書，而老師在批改他們的家庭作業(yè)。

2、用來描寫故事發(fā)生的背景

在口語或記敘文中，可以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的持續(xù)動作作為背景，以此引出由一般過去時(shí)表示的新動作。

It was a dark night.The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily.A young woman suddenly appeared on the river bank.一個(gè)漆黑的夜晚，狂風(fēng)大作，大雨傾盆，一位年輕的婦女突然出現(xiàn)在河岸上。

3、代替過去將來時(shí)

用于come, go ,leave, start, stay, arrive等表位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，以表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。She asked me whether he was starting the next day.她問我他是否第二天就走

4、表達(dá)褒貶等感情色彩

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以和always，constantly，continually，forever等連用，表示說話人的主觀感情，如贊揚(yáng)、不滿、厭煩等。

He was always trying out new ideas.他總是試驗(yàn)一些新的設(shè)想 He was forever complaining about something.他老是怨這怨那

5、wonder, hope, think，want 等表示心理的動詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣---Excuse me, sir.Would you do me a favor?--打擾了,先生。你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？

---Of course.What is it?--當(dāng)然。什么事？

---I was wondering if you could tell me how to fill out this form.--我一直在想你是否能告訴我怎樣填這張表

（六）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“助動詞have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法如下：

1、表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或存在的狀態(tài)到說話時(shí)剛剛完成或結(jié)束，通常使用不具有延續(xù)意義的動詞，arrive, become, begin, break等。這種用法可帶有迄今意義的時(shí)間狀語，如up to now, so far, already, not...yet等。也可帶有包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語，如now, recently, in the past few years, just等。

I have already posted the photos.我已經(jīng)把照片寄出了

2、表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也許還將繼續(xù)下去。這種用法通常用于具有延續(xù)意義的動詞，如live, stay, work等，并帶有表示時(shí)間段的狀語或迄今意義的時(shí)間的狀語，如for, since等

They have lived in Beijing since 2002.他們自從2002年以來就住在北京。

注意：表示短暫的動作動詞或狀態(tài)動詞不能用于這種用法，如arrive, come, go, leave等。如，不能說：She has come to our school for 2 years.3、表示到現(xiàn)在為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。常與often, always 等連用 He has been late for class every morning this week.這個(gè)星期他每天早晨都遲到。My father has always gone to work by bike.我爸爸一向騎車上班

4、用于時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，表示將來要完成的動作或一個(gè)動作先于另一個(gè)動作。He will be back before I have finished my work.我完成工作之前他會回來的。

5、用在“It(This)is(will be)the first/second/third…time+ that從句”中

在這種從句中，當(dāng)主句動詞為is/will be時(shí)，that-從句的動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，that 可以省略。主句中的主語還可用this, this evening等;這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的first也可用其他序數(shù)詞；time也可由其他名詞替代

This is the first time I have been here.這是我第一次來這里。It'll be the first time I've spoken in public.這將是我第一次當(dāng)眾講話。

6、“It(This)is the best(worst, most interesting等)+ 名詞+從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句要求用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

This is the best film I've ever seen.這是我所看過得最好的一部電影 This is the most interesting novel he has ever written.這是他寫得最好的一部小說。

7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示反問的語氣（與when連用）或感情色彩-Who is Jerry Cooper? 杰利?庫珀是誰呀？

-Haven't you met him yet? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.你還沒見過他？我看見你和他在開會時(shí)握手了。Now you've done it.你這下可闖禍了。When have I been treated like this?我什么時(shí)候吃這一套？

8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)都表示完成的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in1990等。而一般過去時(shí)則表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。

I have seen the film.我看過這部電影。（我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容）

I saw the film last week.我上星期看了這個(gè)電影。（只說明上星期看了這個(gè)電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況）

He has lived here since 1972.1972年以來他一直住在這里。（他現(xiàn)在還住在這里）He lived here in 1972.1972年他們住在這里。（不涉及到現(xiàn)在是否還住在這里）

9、使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)

（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(如yesterday, last week, in 1976, two days ago, just now等)連用，但可以和下列不確定的時(shí)間狀語連用，如never, ever, always, yet, already, before, just, lately, so far, recently等

She has already come.她已經(jīng)來了。I have met him before.我以前曾見過他。

（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以和表示從過去某時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi))的時(shí)間狀語連用。如today，this year，these days，this morning等

It has been hot this summer.今年夏天一直很熱。(說話時(shí)仍是夏天)I have written two letters this morning.今天上午我寫了兩封信。(說話時(shí)仍是上午)（3）表示短暫意義的動詞，如open，go，come，die，leave，arrive，begin，return，stop等，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如要表達(dá)“他離開這兒已經(jīng)3年了”這一意思時(shí)，不能說“ He has left here for three years.”而要把其中的動詞換為延續(xù)性動詞或用其他表達(dá)法。如上句可用下列方式表達(dá): He has been away from here for three years.He left here three years ago.It is three years since he left here.（4）have/has been to表示到過某個(gè)地方，而have/has gone to表示已經(jīng)去了某處。He has been to the Great Wall.他到過長城。(現(xiàn)在他已不在長城)He has gone to the Great Wall.他去長城了。(現(xiàn)在他不在此地)

（七）過去完成時(shí)

過去完成時(shí)由“助動詞had+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。用法如下：

1、過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。它表示動作發(fā)的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”。表示過去某一時(shí)間可用by, before等構(gòu)成的短語，也可用when, before，after，until等引導(dǎo)的從句或通過上下文表示。

When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開始了。

2、表示動作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的這一時(shí)間，而且還可能繼續(xù)下去的動作，常和for, since構(gòu)成的短語或引導(dǎo)的從句連用。

3、用于表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件從句或as if從句中表示與過去事實(shí)相反

If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.假如他昨天看到你，他就會問你這件事了。

Had I known that you wanted the book , I would have sent it.如果我知道你要這本書，我會送來的。

4、放在像said，told，asked，thought，wondered等過去時(shí)動詞的后面，表示在這些動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情。

My friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告訴我，他已通過了考試。

5、用在 “It was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句要用過去完成時(shí)。

This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.這是39年里他們第一次見面。It was the first time we had spoken together.這是我們第一次在一起說話。

6、intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等動詞的過去完成時(shí)，表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的設(shè)想、意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜。

I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本來昨天打算要去看你，但我來了個(gè)不速之客。

7、過去完成時(shí)常用結(jié)構(gòu)有“hardly, scarcely, barely … when, no sooner… than等副詞的句子里。She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang.他剛睡下鈴就響了。

No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.他們剛剛離開大樓，一顆炸彈就爆炸了。

（八）過去將來時(shí)

過去將來時(shí)一般由 ”助動詞would(第二、三人稱)/should(第一人稱)+動詞原形“構(gòu)成。不論什么人稱，美國英語皆可用would。用法如下：

1、表示對過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)而言將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用于賓語從句中。I thought they would come to help me.我認(rèn)為他們會來幫我的。He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.他說他要在車站等我們。

2、表示過去的某種習(xí)慣行為

He would sit for hours doing nothing.過去他常常坐幾個(gè)鐘頭什么事也不做。He would come to see us on Sundays.過去星期天他經(jīng)常來看望我們。

3、過去將來時(shí)的其它表達(dá)法（1）was/were going to ①表示過去的打算和意圖

He was going to start work the following week.他打算下星期開始工作。（打算）②表示沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算和意圖

He was going to come last night, but it rained.他打算昨晚來，但下雨了。(沒實(shí)現(xiàn))I thought the film was going to be interesting.我想這部電影會很有趣的。（結(jié)果不是）（2）was/were to+動詞原形

這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常指過去的計(jì)劃安排或注定要發(fā)生的事情。如果計(jì)劃的動作沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)，要用動詞的完成式。

At that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become the turning point in his life.(注定要發(fā)生的事情)那時(shí)他不知道辭職將會成為他生活的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。She said she was to take up the position.(表示打算)他說他打算上任。

She said she was to have taken up the position.(計(jì)劃但未能實(shí)現(xiàn))他說他本打算上任。（3）was/were about to＋動詞原形

was/were about to＋動詞原形，表示過去即將發(fā)生的事。

The meeting was about to be held the following day.會議打算第二天開。

（4）表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞(如go，come，leave，start等)的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示按照過去的計(jì)劃安排將在過去將來發(fā)生的事情。

I didn't know you were coming.我不知道你會來。

（九）其他時(shí)態(tài)

1、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由”助動詞have/has been+-ing形式“構(gòu)成。用法如下：

（1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能延續(xù)下去的動作。常和for，since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。

They have been living here for 10 years.他們住在這里十年了。（2）表示一個(gè)動作從過去某時(shí)開始，一直延續(xù)到說話時(shí)候剛結(jié)束。

I have been waiting you for about one hour.我等你大約一個(gè)小時(shí)了。(說話時(shí)”等“的動作剛結(jié)束)（3）表示重復(fù)（只斷斷續(xù)續(xù)，而非一直不停）

We've been discussing the matter several times this year.我們今年已數(shù)次討論那件事。（4）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較

A.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成，或者在過去曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過的動作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往表示仍將繼續(xù)下去的動作。

I have written an article.我寫了一篇文章。（已完成）

I have been writing an article.我一直在寫一篇文章。（還在寫）

B.當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示剛剛結(jié)束時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動作在不久以前持續(xù)進(jìn)行的情景，并帶有感色彩。

Now we have cleaned the room;we can move the things in.現(xiàn)在房子打掃好了，我們可以往里搬東西了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)打掃完了的結(jié)果）

-You look so tired.What have you been doing?你看起來很累，你干什么了？-I've been playing football.我踢足球了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)不久前踢球的情景）

2、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

將來進(jìn)行時(shí)由”助動詞shall/will+be+v-ing“構(gòu)成，用法如下:（1）表示將來某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動作，常與this time tomorrow, at 4 o'clock tomorrow afternoon等時(shí)間狀語連用。

I'll be visiting professor Li at 2 this afternoon.今天下午2點(diǎn)我將拜訪李教授。

At this time tomorrow we'll be flying over the Atlantic.明天此時(shí)我們正在飛越大西洋的上空。（2）表示一種已經(jīng)決定或肯定的動作或情況，或表示某動作將在按計(jì)劃發(fā)生而未完成。

We shall be having a meeting in a minute.我們一會兒就要開會。Will you be seeing Mr.Wang this evening? 今晚你會見王先生嗎？

3、將來完成時(shí)

將來完成時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。將來完成時(shí)由”shall /will +have +v-ed“構(gòu)成。用法如下：

（1）將來完成時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)間或動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，通常與before或by連用。

By the end of this month , we'll have studied 10 units.到這月末，我們將學(xué)完10單元。（2）表示持續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)間的動作或狀態(tài),這動作或狀態(tài)也可能將繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。When they move here next month, we'll have lived in the city for 5 years.下月他們搬到這里時(shí)，我們已住在該市五年了。

（3）表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砜赡芡瓿蓜幼鞯耐茰y

It is seven.He will have got up.現(xiàn)在7點(diǎn)，他可能已經(jīng)起床了

4、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某一時(shí)間以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由”助動詞had+ been+ v-ing“構(gòu)成。

（1）過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始并延續(xù)到過去這一時(shí)間。這一動作可能己經(jīng)停止也可能還在進(jìn)行。

She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.她告訴我她己經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)法語5年了。（仍繼續(xù)）

She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.她告訴我她己經(jīng)等我一個(gè)鐘頭了。（不再繼續(xù)）

（2）表示反復(fù)的動作、企圖、情緒、最近的情況

You had been giving me everything.你對我真是有求必應(yīng)。（感激）

I had been studying the meaning of the poem.我一直在研究這首詩。（我還沒懂）

二、動詞的語態(tài)

（一）被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成

被動語態(tài)表示句子的主語是動作的承受者，也就是動作的對象，一般說來只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。其構(gòu)成為”be+及物動詞的過去分詞“。助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時(shí)完全一樣。含有情態(tài)動詞的謂語變化為被動語態(tài)時(shí)，由”情態(tài)動詞（can, may must, have to等）+be +動詞的-ed形式。含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to”等結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合謂語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，其構(gòu)成為“be going to（be to, used to, be about to）+ be +動詞的-ed形式”構(gòu)成。

（二）被動語態(tài)的適用范圍

1、當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。這時(shí)不用by短語。

This jacket is made of cotton.這件上衣是棉料的。

2、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時(shí)

Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.要求參觀者不可觸摸展品。

3、出于策略、委婉、禮貌等不提出動作的執(zhí)行者 You are said to be active recently.據(jù)說你最近很活躍。常用于如下短語：

It's not known that… ……不得而知

It's said that… 據(jù)說…… It's reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道……

It's not decided that…尚未決定 It's believed that… 據(jù)認(rèn)為……

It's announced that…據(jù)宣布……

（三）主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)

主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)要遵循以下原則：主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語（如果是人稱代詞，賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘢话阎鲃泳渲械闹^語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)；主動句中的主語變?yōu)閎y介詞短語（如果是人稱代，主格變?yōu)橘e格），有時(shí)介詞短語可省去。

1、含有單個(gè)賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳?/p>

在一般情況下，將主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，主動句的主語變?yōu)閎y的賓語，但是短語可以不要。

Everyone likes the book.(active voice)大家都喜歡這本書?！鶷he book is liked by everyone.(passive voice)這本書受大家喜歡。

2、含有復(fù)合賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳?/p>

有些動詞后面可以跟“賓語+補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)被稱作復(fù)合賓語。含復(fù)合賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，只將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留不動，這時(shí)它就成了主語補(bǔ)足語?？梢猿洚?dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、V-ing和V-ed等。

（1）行為動詞

They advised her to take the medicine.(active voice)他們勸她吃這種藥?！鶶he was advised to take the medicine.(passive voice)她被勸告吃這種藥。（2）感官動詞和使役動詞跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)

在主動句中，動詞不定式做感官動詞（see, watch, hear等）和使役動詞（make ,have）的賓語補(bǔ)足語，通常省去動詞不定式符號to。但改為被動結(jié)構(gòu)后，要把省略了to再加上。They made him go there alone.他們讓他自己去那里。

→He was made to go there alone.他被迫自己去那里。注意：動詞是let時(shí)，其被動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式仍不帶to。

They let John go.他們讓約翰走?！鶭ohn was let go.約翰不得不走。

3、含有雙賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳?①直接賓語是名詞、代詞時(shí)

有些動詞（give, tell, buy等）在句中做謂語時(shí)可有兩個(gè)賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語），又稱雙賓語。含雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以將其中一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)保留不動。一般是將主動結(jié)構(gòu)的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語。當(dāng)直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語時(shí)，間接賓語前應(yīng)加介詞to（有時(shí)可以省去）或for。She gave me the book.(active voice)她給了我這本書?！鶬 was given the book.(passive voice)有人送給我一本書 →The book was given to me.(passive voice)。這本書是別人送的。注意：被動句中兩個(gè)間接賓語對比時(shí)，其前的介詞to不可省略。This apple is given to me, not to you.這個(gè)蘋果是給我的，不是給你的。②直接賓語是從句時(shí)

如果直接賓語是從句時(shí)，一般只能構(gòu)成以間接賓語為主語的被動句。

Someone told me where the accident had happened.（passive voice）有人告訴我事故是在何處發(fā)生的。

→I was told where the accident had happened.(passive voice)我被告知事故在何處發(fā)生。

4、帶賓語從句的主動句換為被動句

（1）帶賓語從句的主動句換為被動句時(shí)，通常用it作為被動結(jié)構(gòu)的形式主語。We believed that he was ill.我們相信他病了?！鶬t was believed that he was ill.都相信他病了。

（2）帶賓語從句的主動句換為被動句時(shí)，可以改為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

He said the play was very interesting.他說這臺戲劇很有趣。

→The play was said to be very interesting.據(jù)說這臺戲劇很有趣。

5、帶有情態(tài)動詞或be going to的主動句換為被動句

如果主動句帶有情態(tài)動詞或be going to(be about to, be to, used to, have to)等，在變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r(shí)，情態(tài)動詞或be going to等不變，只是后面的主動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。He is going to give me a book.他打算給我一本書?！鶬 am going to be given a book.有人打算給我一本書。

We must take measures to stop pollution.我們必須采取措施制止污染?！鶰easures must be taken to stop pollution.必須采取措施制止污染。

（三）被動結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)

被動語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)是由be的不同時(shí)態(tài)+及物動詞的-ed形式來構(gòu)成的

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)是由“be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（am/is/are）+及物動詞的-ed形式”構(gòu)成。Football is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球。

2、一般過去式

一般過去式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)是由“be的一般過去式（was/were）+及物動詞的-ed形式” 構(gòu)成。The building was built in 1559.這座建筑是1559年建成的。

3、一般將來時(shí)

一般將來時(shí)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)是由“be的一般將來時(shí)（shall/will be）+及物動詞的-ed形式” 構(gòu)成。

More factories will be built in my hometown.我們家鄉(xiāng)會建更多的工廠。

4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)是由“be的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（am/is/are being）+及物動詞的-ed形式” 構(gòu)成。

The life of the milu is being studied at present.目前人們正在研究麋鹿的生活習(xí)慣。

5、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)是由“be的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（has/have been）+及物動詞的-ed形式” 構(gòu)成。

All the preparations for the task have been completed and we're ready to start.任務(wù)的準(zhǔn)備工作業(yè)已完成，我么們準(zhǔn)備開始。

6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)是由“be的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（was/were being）+及物動詞的-ed形式” 構(gòu)成。

When I got there a new road was being built by them.我到那里時(shí)，他們正在建一條新路。

7、過去完成時(shí)

過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)是由“be的過去完成時(shí)（had been）+及物動詞的-ed形式” 構(gòu)成。

He asked me how many English words had been learned by that year.他問我到那年我學(xué)了多少英語單詞。

8、含有情態(tài)動詞或be going to 的被動語態(tài)

含有情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)是由“情態(tài)動詞或be going to(be about to, used to, be to, have to等)+be+及物動詞的-ed形式” 構(gòu)成。This bike can be mended in two hours.兩個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)可修好該自行車。They have to be given a lot of money.必須給他們很多錢。

9、短語動詞的被動語態(tài)

通常只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，但有些短語動詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞，可以有被動語態(tài)，但短語動詞是一個(gè)不可分隔的整體，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)不可去掉構(gòu)成短語動詞的介詞或副詞。

Have you sent for the doctor?你派人去請醫(yī)生了嗎? →Has the doctor been sent for?派人去請醫(yī)生了嗎? 注意：主動結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動詞為“不及物動詞+名詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的及物的短語動詞時(shí)，通常把它看成一個(gè)整體。但也可將這類短語動詞本身的名詞用作主語，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，尤其是在名詞前有定語修飾時(shí)。

Good care must be taken of the babies particularly while they are ill.必須仔細(xì)照料這些孩子，尤其是在他們生病時(shí)。

You should pay more attention to your pronunciation.你應(yīng)當(dāng)注意你的發(fā)音?！鶰ore attention should be paid to your pronunciation.注意你的發(fā)音。

（四）Get型被動語態(tài)

被動語態(tài)的基本形式是由“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的。但在現(xiàn)代英語中大量地出現(xiàn)了由“get+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)，這叫g(shù)et-型被動語態(tài)。get-型被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞數(shù)量有限，通常為單個(gè)的動詞或比較簡單的動詞短語。

1、get+及物動詞的過去分詞

get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等動詞的-ed形式連用，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般指動作的結(jié)果而非動作本身，常指“最后終于，突然發(fā)生”等意義。

He got wounded in the battle.他在戰(zhàn)斗中受傷了。

The boy got hurt on his way home from work.男孩在回家的路上受傷了。

2、get-型被動語態(tài)一般不宜用在含有雙賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，也不宜與see, hear, watch, listen to等感官動詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。

The old man was offered a large sum of money.（正）有人給了這位老人一大筆錢。The old man got offered a large sum of money.(誤)

3、get-型被動語態(tài)有時(shí)有言外之意或具有感情色彩

He got taught a lesson.他被教訓(xùn)了一頓。（有“活該”之意）

How did the window get closed.窗戶怎么關(guān)上了？（有“不該關(guān)上’之意）

4、get-型被動語態(tài)有時(shí)表示開始進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)，而be+動詞的-ed形式只表示存在的狀態(tài)。

She got tired.她感到累了。（有開始感到疲勞的含義）She was tired.(只表示”她累了”)

（五）主動形式表示被動意義

1、既是及物又是不及物的動詞

一些既是及物又是不及物的動詞。如read, write, sell, open, shut, begin, wash, wear, cut, lock, play, pack, strike, split, act, draw, iron, dry, eat heat, clean等；此類動詞常接副詞作狀語（有些可以不加）。

Books of this kind sell well.這本書很暢銷 The door won't shut.門關(guān)不上

2、系動詞

系動詞look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear等。此類動詞常接形容詞作表語。

-Do you like the material?你喜歡這塊面料嗎？-Yes, it feels very soft.喜歡，手感不錯。

The dish tastes good.這菜味道不錯。

3、need等詞后面常接主動的-ing分詞形式

need, want, require，stand, take, won't bear, repay, deserve等詞后面常接主動的-ing分詞形式，表示被動意義。在這種情況下，句子的主語在邏輯上是-ing分詞的賓語。Your hair needs cutting.你的頭發(fā)需要理。

The room wants cleaning everyday.這個(gè)房間需要每天打掃。

The point deserves mentioning.這一點(diǎn)值得提。

The rules take some learning.這規(guī)則需要下點(diǎn)功夫?qū)W。That won't bear thinking of.那不堪想象。

4、某些表語的形容詞后，用不定式主動表示被動

當(dāng)動詞不定式作表語形容詞（如形容詞easy, difficult, hard等）的狀語，又與句子的主語構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。This question is difficult to answer.這個(gè)問題很那回答。The room is comfortable to live in.這屋子住起來很舒服。

5、某些作賓補(bǔ)的形容詞后，用不定式主動表示被動

當(dāng)動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)形容詞（如形容詞easy, difficult, hard等）的狀語，又與句子的賓語構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。

We find the man hard to get along with.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)人很難相處。I think English easy to learn.我發(fā)現(xiàn)英語很好學(xué)。

6、不定式作定語

不定式作定語與前面的名詞或代詞有動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。I have a lot of work to do this week.本周我有很多工作要做。

7、be worth doing結(jié)構(gòu)

在be worth doing結(jié)構(gòu)中，-ing分詞形式表示被動含義。句子的主語在邏輯上是-ing分詞的賓語。

The film is worth seeing.這部電影值得看。

（六）不宜用被動語態(tài)的動詞

英語中并非所有動賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子都能改為被動語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)將不宜改為被動語態(tài)的句子類型舉例說明如下：

1、當(dāng)have, cost, fit, last, hold等表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞作謂語時(shí) Our village has twenty tractors.我們村有20臺拖拉機(jī)。The hall can hold 2000 people.這個(gè)大廳能盛2000人 The war lasted four years.這場戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)了4年

2、當(dāng)某些及物動詞（如leave, enter, join,等）的賓語是表示處所、地點(diǎn)或組織時(shí) The students entered the classroom one by one.學(xué)生門陸續(xù)地進(jìn)了教室。My brother joined the Party two years ago.我哥哥2年前入了黨。My father left his hometown five years ago.我父親5年前離開了家鄉(xiāng)。

3、當(dāng)主動句中有表示數(shù)量、長度、大小或程度等的詞或詞組作賓語，但此賓語在意義上相當(dāng)于狀語時(shí)

Each stone weighs as much as two and a half tons.每塊石頭重達(dá)兩噸半 He ran ten miles without rest.他一氣跑了10英里路

4、當(dāng)表示行為、方式的賓語在意義上相當(dāng)于狀語時(shí)

He spoke that way his father had spoken just now.他學(xué)著他父親剛才的樣子講話

5、當(dāng)句子的賓語和謂語是一個(gè)不可分割的整體時(shí) We Chinese always keep words.我們中國人說話是算數(shù)的

6、當(dāng)句子的賓語是反身代詞時(shí)

He can dress himself.他能自己穿衣服。

Help yourself to the dishes.隨便吃菜

7、當(dāng)句子的賓語為相互代詞時(shí)

We learned from and helped each other.我們互相學(xué)習(xí)互相幫助

For years the three sisters looked after one another.多年來仨姐妹互相照顧

8、當(dāng)句子的賓語是同源賓語時(shí)

The Browns live a happy life.布朗一家過著幸福的生活。

9、當(dāng)句子的賓語為行為者（主語）身體上某一部分時(shí)。

I couldn't believe my eyes when I saw him still alive.看到他還活著，我簡直不相信自己的眼睛。He hurt his foot by jumping over a fence.他跨越柵欄時(shí)傷了腳。

10、某些動詞+介詞的慣用詞組也不能變?yōu)楸粍泳?The book belongs to me.這本書是我的。

11、當(dāng)句子的賓語是動名詞或動名詞短語時(shí)。He likes studying English.他喜歡學(xué)習(xí)英語

12、當(dāng)句子的賓語是動詞不定式或動詞不定式短語時(shí) I wish to go there myself.我想親自去那里一趟

注意：少數(shù)以不定式（短語）做賓語的動詞（如agree, feel, decide, think等）可以變?yōu)楸粍泳洌荒芤圆欢ㄊ剑ǘ陶Z）直接做被動句的主語，而要借助it為先行主語，將不定式（短語）置于謂語動詞之后

He has decided to go and study abroad.→It has been decided(by him)to go and study abroad.他已決定出國留學(xué)。

第三篇：2015高考英語復(fù)習(xí)2014高三真題_動詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)解析

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2014全國高考匯編之動詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)

一（2014安徽卷）23．The twins, Whotheir homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.A.will finishB.finishC.have finishedD.had finished

考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】D【解析】句義：已經(jīng)完成了他們的家庭作業(yè)，這對雙胞胎被允許在操場上打羽毛球。根據(jù)句義可知他們完成作業(yè)是在被允許到操場上打羽毛球之前。而他們被允許打羽毛球已經(jīng)使用了一般過去時(shí)，所以完成作業(yè)應(yīng)該使用過去完成時(shí)。故D正確。

【舉一反三】---Peter, do you know who____ my dictionary ?A.has taken awayB.was taking away

---Sorry , I don’t know.I didn’t do it.C.had taken awayD.is taking away

【答案】A試題分析：句意：--皮特，你知道誰把我的字典拿走了嗎？--對不起，我不知道，我沒有拿。這里拿走發(fā)生在過去，強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，不知在什么地方，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

二（2014北京卷）22.---Hi, let’s go skating.A.fillB.have filled---Sorry, I’m busy right now.I ___ in an application form for a new job.C.am fillingD.will fill

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】C【解析】句意：—喂，我們五滑冰吧！—對不起，我現(xiàn)在很忙，我正在填寫一份新的工作申請表。根據(jù)句意可知本句是在敘述說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行，正在發(fā)生的事情，所以使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故C正確?！驹囶}延伸】時(shí)態(tài)題的考查關(guān)鍵是抓住句子的上下文含義和句中的時(shí)間狀語。要根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語來選擇合適的時(shí)態(tài)，在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要注意積累有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)的用法和各種時(shí)態(tài)的特殊之處。

【舉一反三】——I hear youin a pub.what’s it like?A.are workingB.will work

——Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.C.were workingD.will be working

【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)?！窘馕觥烤湟鉃椤啊衣犝f你在酒吧里上班，這份工作怎么樣？——咳，這是份辛苦活，老感到累，不過我不介意?！睂υ捤玫默F(xiàn)在時(shí)表明現(xiàn)在還在酒吧里上班，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)描述現(xiàn)階段長期重復(fù)的一個(gè)動作。故選A。

三（2014北京卷）23.Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour.A.byB.inC.forD.until

【考點(diǎn)】考察將來時(shí)和介詞使用【答案】B

【解析】本題的關(guān)鍵是the train to the airport leaves火車將要離開；在這句話里使用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，表示按照車站的時(shí)間表列車進(jìn)出。實(shí)際上本句是一個(gè)將來時(shí)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里只有“in+一段時(shí)間”可以和將來時(shí)連用。句意：Jane很著急，因?yàn)槿C(jī)場的火車半小時(shí)以后就要出發(fā)了。故B正確。

四（2014北京卷）31.---What time is it?A.checkB.checked---I have no idea.But just a minute, I ______ it for you.C.will checkD.would check

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】C【解析】本題考察的是will的一個(gè)特殊用法。句意：—現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了？—我不知道?？墒钦埬闵缘?，我現(xiàn)在就幫你看一下。根據(jù)句意可知不可能是過去發(fā)生的事情，排除BD項(xiàng)。我為你去看時(shí)間屬于將要發(fā)生的事情，所以使用will表示臨時(shí)決定要做某事。故C正確。

五（2014北京卷）32.I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived.A.startedB.was startingC.would startD.had started

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】D【解析】句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)報(bào)告很難懂，因?yàn)楫?dāng)我到的時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)開始了。根據(jù)句意可知這個(gè)報(bào)告是在我到達(dá)之前就開始看，而句中我到達(dá)使用了arrived，而報(bào)告是在這之前發(fā)生的，所以使用過去完成時(shí)。故D正確。

【舉一反三】—Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?

—We________ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.A.wereB.have beenC.had beenD.will be

〖答案〗C.〖考點(diǎn)〗考查時(shí)態(tài)題.〖解析〗我們?nèi)ズ＿叞l(fā)生在過去.而我們忙于工作在此之前.因此用過去完成時(shí).六（2014大綱卷）22.Unless extra money____, the theatre will close.A.was foundB.findsC.is foundD.found

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】C【解析】本題考察的是時(shí)態(tài)。句義：除非找到另外的投資，否則這個(gè)電

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影院就監(jiān)視被關(guān)閉。本句中Unless引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)條件狀語從句，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，后面的主句

使用將來時(shí)。根據(jù)句義可知mony和find構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以也要使用被動語態(tài)。故C正確。

七（2014大綱卷）32.The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ______ them since.A.seesB.sawC.has seenD.had seen

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】C【解析】句義：這些報(bào)告在2012年就不見了，從那以后沒有人看見過它

們。本句的關(guān)鍵詞是since自從那時(shí)。根據(jù)句義可知是指自從2012年這些文件不見是開始，到現(xiàn)在為止沒

有人看見。Since經(jīng)常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的。故C正確。

【舉一反三】—The window is dirty.A.hasn’t cleanedB.didn’t clean

— I know.It ________ for weeks.C.wasn’t cleanedD.hasn’t been cleaned

〖答案〗D〖考點(diǎn)〗該題是根據(jù)交際情景中考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)。

〖解析〗關(guān)鍵詞for weeks, 考慮現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 表示到目前為止的結(jié)果, 好幾周不擦了；窗戶與擦的關(guān)系是

被動關(guān)系, 故被動語態(tài)。句意；“窗戶很臟了?！薄拔抑?。好幾周沒有擦了?！弊ⅲ河山K止性動詞leave, arrive,come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等構(gòu)成的完成時(shí)不能與for或

since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。但這些終止性動詞的否定式可以與for或since短語連用。如：I haven’t met him

for two years.八（2014福建卷）23.—Haven't seen you for ages!Where have you been?A.stayedB.stay

—I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.C.had stayedD.am staying

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】A

【解析】句義：—很久沒有看見你了！你到哪里去了？—我去了寧夏，并在那里待了一年時(shí)間，作教書的志愿者。本句只是敘述我過去在寧夏待了一年，沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響。而且也沒有持續(xù)

到現(xiàn)在，因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)回來了。所以不需要使用完成時(shí)，使用一般過去時(shí)陳述事實(shí)即可。故A正確。

【舉一反三】----Where_____the recorder ?I can not see it anywhere.-----I_____it right here.But now it is gone!

A.did you put,have putB.have you put, putC.had you put,was puttingD.were you putting,have put

【答案】B 【解析】試題分析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：—你把錄音機(jī)放在什么地方了？我找不到?！揖头?/p>

在這兒。但是現(xiàn)在不見了。根據(jù)句意說明第一空詢問的是過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，故使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。第二空就是陳述過去發(fā)生的事情，使用一般過去時(shí)。故B正確。

九（2014湖南卷）28.Since the time humankind started gardening, we _____to make our environment more

beautiful.A.tryB.have been tryingC.are tryingD.will try

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】B【解析】本題考察時(shí)態(tài)，關(guān)鍵詞是since….自從…；since引導(dǎo)的從句經(jīng)

常要和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以及現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。句義：自從人類開始搞園藝活動到現(xiàn)在，我們一直都在讓我們的環(huán)境更美麗。本句使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性和反復(fù)性。故B正確。

【試題延伸】關(guān)鍵是抓住句子的上下文含義和句中的時(shí)間狀語。要根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語來選擇合適的時(shí)態(tài)，在平

時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要注意積累有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)的用法和各種時(shí)態(tài)的特殊之處。如since，so far等經(jīng)常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。在條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)等等。

【舉一反三】He_____ articles for our wall-newspaper these years, and he____ about thirty articles.A.has written;wrote B.has been writing;wroteC.is writing;has been writing D.has been writing;has written

【答案】D 【解析】試題分析：第一個(gè)空表示動作從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能持

續(xù)下去，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；第二個(gè)空表示自過去某一時(shí)刻到說話時(shí)這段時(shí)間中的經(jīng)歷，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

十（2014湖南卷）34.Whenever you, a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of

view.A.bought B.have boughtC.will buy D.buy

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】D【解析】本題考察的是時(shí)態(tài)。在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，通常

使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，后面的主句通常使用將來時(shí)。句義：無論何時(shí)你購買禮物的時(shí)候，你都應(yīng)該

從接受者的角度來考慮問題。故D正確。

【舉一反三】Frank_____ London by train which ____ at 8:30 next morning.A.is leaving for;will leaveB.is leaving for;leavesC.will leave for;will leaveD.leaves for;leaves

【答案】B試題分析：考查將來時(shí)的表達(dá)法?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)表示按照計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事情。

用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)表示按照機(jī)場，車站的時(shí)間表要發(fā)生的事情。本題第一空是指按照安排要發(fā)生的事情，第二空指按照時(shí)刻表要發(fā)生的事情。故B正確。

十一（2014江蘇卷）23.—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?

—Well, the media ________ _________it in a variety of forms.A.cover B.will cover C.have covered D.covered

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】C【解析】句意：—你對即將在南京舉行的青奧會了解多少？—很好，媒

體以多種形式對青奧會舉行了報(bào)道。根據(jù)本句中的well，可知后者對青奧會很了解。這主要是因?yàn)槊襟w多

種形式的報(bào)道，本句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)體現(xiàn)出過去所發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響。故C正確。

【試題延伸】動詞時(shí)態(tài)是高考的熱點(diǎn)，英語的時(shí)態(tài)多，又很復(fù)雜，現(xiàn)在的高考不是純粹考時(shí)態(tài)的問題，而

是把它們放在一定的語言環(huán)境里，讓考生根據(jù)特定的環(huán)境來確定答案。

【舉一反三】---Peter, do you know who____ my dictionary ?A.has taken awayB.was taking away

---Sorry , I don’t know.I didn’t do it.C.had taken awayD.is taking away

【答案】A試題分析：句意：--皮特，你知道誰把我的字典拿走了嗎？--對不起，我不知道，我沒有拿。這里拿走發(fā)生在過去，強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，不知在什么地方，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

十二（2014江西卷）----Tony , why are your eyes red ?A.cutB.was cutting

---I __ up peppers for the last five minutes.C.had cutD.have been cutting

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】D【解析】本題考察的是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。句義：—Tony，為什么你的眼

睛那么紅??？—在過去的的5分鐘里，我一直都在切辣椒。根據(jù)句義可知本句表示在過去的一段時(shí)間里一

直都在做某事，所以使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動作的持續(xù)性和反復(fù)性。故D正確。

【舉一反三】---We've spent too much money recently.---Well，it isn't surprising.Our friends and relatives ______ around all the time.A.are comingB.had comeC.were comingD.have been coming

【答案】D試題分析：考查時(shí)態(tài)：句意:--最近我們花了很多錢。--不奇怪。我們的朋友和親戚一直過來。可知最近一段時(shí)間一直有親戚朋友來，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。選D。

十三（2014山東卷）1.Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we______.A.will expectB.are expectingC.expectD.had expected

【答案】D【解析】本題考察的時(shí)態(tài)。句義：手工寫下所有的邀請函要比我們預(yù)料的花去更多的時(shí)間。根據(jù)句義可知我們預(yù)料是在實(shí)際上寫之前發(fā)生的，而本句中實(shí)際寫花去的時(shí)間使用了過去時(shí)was，所以

expect使用過去完成時(shí)。故D正確?！驹囶}延伸】時(shí)態(tài)題的考察要特別注意動詞發(fā)生的先后順序，尤其是

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或者過去完成時(shí)，這一點(diǎn)特別明顯。

【舉一反三】-----We didn’t find Smith attending the lecture.A.told;there to beB.had told;there to be

------No one _____ him about ______ a lecture the following day.C.told;there wasD.had told;there being

【答案】D【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和非謂語。根據(jù)前面一句可知told動作發(fā)生在didn’t find之前，故用過去

完成時(shí);而about是個(gè)介詞，故后面應(yīng)用there being.十四（2014山東卷）5.They made up their mind that they______ a new house once Larry changed jobs.A.boughtB.would buyC.have boughtD.had bought

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】B【解析】本題考察的是時(shí)態(tài)。句義：他們決定，一旦larry 換了工作，他們就買一個(gè)新房子。本句中的would表示的是過去將來時(shí)。他們是在過去決定一個(gè)將要發(fā)生的事情，所

以使用過去將來時(shí)。故B正確。

十五（2014陜西卷）22.During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________,A.would recommendB.had recommendedC.have recommendedD.were recommending

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】B【解析】句義：在Jerry待在西安期間，他嘗試了他的朋友向他推薦的幾乎所有的食物。根據(jù)句義可知他的朋友向他推薦食物是在Jeery嘗試的食物之前，句中已經(jīng)使用了

tried，所以推薦使用過去完成時(shí)。故B正確。

十六（2014四川卷）9.She ______ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.A.phonedB.had phonedC.was phoningD.has phoned

【考點(diǎn)】考察上下文語境時(shí)態(tài)【答案】C【解析】句意：她正在和一個(gè)人打電話，于是我向她點(diǎn)了下頭便走了。根據(jù)后句I nodded to her and went away“我只向她點(diǎn)了下頭”說明她正在打電話。所以使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的事情。故C正確。

【舉一反三】I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn't get through.Her brother ______ on the phone all the time.A.has been talkingB.was talkingC.has talkedD.talked

【答案】B試題分析：考查時(shí)態(tài)：句意：我昨天晚上給漢娜打了幾次電話，但一直打不通，他弟弟一直在打電話，說明是昨天晚上我打電話的時(shí)候，她的弟弟一直在打電話.用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，選B。

十七（2014天津卷）11.We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________.A.are being madeB.will be madeC.have been madeD.had been made

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】C【解析】通常說來, 在時(shí)間狀語從句中使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，前面的主句中使用將來時(shí)。在高中英語中也使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，表示到將來某個(gè)時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成的事情。句義：直到所有的準(zhǔn)備工作都做好以后，我們才開始工作。故C正確。

十八（2014浙江卷）11.Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _____ most of the guests before.A.has seenB.had seenC.sawD.would see

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】B【解析】句意：Sofia回顧四周所有的臉龐，她有印象她之前見過大部分的客人。根據(jù)句意可知她見過這么多的客人是在她擁有這個(gè)印象之前發(fā)生的事情，本句中had說明看見這么多客人應(yīng)該使用過去完成時(shí)。故B正確。

【舉一反三】-----We didn’t find Smith attending the lecture.A.told;there to beB.had told;there to be------No one _____ him about _____ a lecture the following day.C.told;there wasD.had told;there being

【答案】D 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和非謂語。根據(jù)前面一句可知told動作發(fā)生在didn’t find之前，故用過去完成時(shí);而about是個(gè)介詞，故后面應(yīng)用there being.十九（2014重慶卷）4.You’d better write down her phone number before you ___ it.A.forgetB.are forgettingC.forgotD.will gorget

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】A【解析】本題考察的是時(shí)態(tài)題中的一個(gè)?？嫉挠梅āＴ跁r(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，常常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。本句中的連詞before引導(dǎo)的就是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，所以使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。句意：在你忘記之前最好把他的電話號碼寫下來。故A正確。

【舉一反三】The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people_______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.A.persuadeB.will persuadeC.be persuadedD.are persuaded

【答案】D【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。在條件句和時(shí)間狀語從句中，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，主語用將來時(shí)。而且人們是被說服吃更多的水果和蔬菜。故D正確。

二十（2014重慶卷）8.James has just arrived, but I didn’t knowhe ___until yesterday.A.will comeB.was comingC.had come D.came

【考點(diǎn)】考察時(shí)態(tài)【答案】B【解析】本題考察的是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)的用法。當(dāng)表示事先計(jì)劃好的，安排好的要發(fā)生的事情，且謂語動詞是一些表示位置變化的動詞，如：leave, come等的時(shí)候，可以使用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來時(shí)。句意：James已經(jīng)到了，但是知道昨天我才知道他要來。根據(jù)句意可知他要來這里是計(jì)劃好的事情，且動詞come表示的是位置變化。故B正確。

【舉一反三】The moment ____ soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously.A.cameB.has comeC.was comingD.is coming

【答案】D【解析】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)soon可知為將來的事情，且是直接引語，應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在，所以選D，進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來。動詞的時(shí)態(tài) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來。

第四篇：中考英語二輪專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)動詞語態(tài)

動詞語態(tài)練習(xí)

一、單項(xiàng)選擇

1． —Our classroom is so clean.—It ___________ every day.A.cleaned B.was cleaned C.cleans D.is cleaned 2．Boys and girls , more attention should be paid to ____the word correctly A． pronouce B.be pronounced C． pronoucing D.pronouced 3．The word ________ five letters.A.is made up B.makes up of C.is made up of 4．The gifts by my friends yesterday.A.are bought B.is brought C.were bought D.was bought 5．— Mom, my classmates are playing outside.Can I join them? — Not until your homework.A.finishes B.is finished C.finished D.was finished 6． Oh, dear!The key ________ the door _________ in the room.A.with, forget B.to , is left C.by , forgot D.with, is left 7． More than 70,000,000 sharks ______ for their fins every year.It's really time for us to do something.A.kill B.killed C.are killed D.were killed 8．---I ______to make a decision for myself.What should I do ?----If I _____you , I ‘d talk with my parents A.don’t allow, am B.won’t allow，was C.am not allowed, were D.weren’t allowed ,be 9．Betty, why didn't you answer the phone last night? —Oh, sorry about that.My mobile phone ______ in the living room.A.left B.has left C.is left D.was left 10．This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, ______ well.A.sells B.sell C.is sold D.are sold 11．— Ningbo _______a lot in the past10 years.— Yeah, you`re right.A.changes B.has changed C.has been changed D.will change 12．—Look at the sign on the right.—Oh, parking ______ here.A.doesn’t allow B.isn’t allowed C.didn’t allowed D.wasn’t allowed 13．—Have you moved into the new flat? —Not yet.The room _________.A.has been painted B.is painted C.is being painted D.was painted 14．— Do you know Lucy’s grandma? —Of course.She is a kind woman, but she has______

for about a month since she _____ in the accident.A.been dead;was killed

B.died;was killed C.been dead;killed D.died;killed 15．The Yellow River flood large areas, but now the waters of it are used to energy.A.was used to;producing B.used to;producing C.was used to;produce D.used to;produce 16．This kind of flower well these days.Would you like to have one? A.sell B.sells C.are sold D.is sold 17．Can 16-year-old students drive to school? No, they shouldn’t ______ to drive because they aren’t serious enough.A.allow B.be allowed C.allowed D.have allowed 18．--The film “Avatar”（阿凡達(dá)）_______ on the TV next month.--Really? I’m looking forward to it.A.will show B.is show C.will be shown D.is shown 19．---Guess what he will say when I ask him about it again.---Even if you him again, he will not tell you anything.A.ask B.are going to ask C.will ask D.asked 20．A new bridge in our city next year and it is over eight hundred meters long.A.builds B.will be built C.is built D.will build

二、補(bǔ)充句子

根據(jù)中文意思，完成下列句子，每空限填一詞。（共5小題，計(jì)10分）21．最近的醫(yī)院離此地也有大約十公里遠(yuǎn)。

The __________ hospital is about ten kilometers __________.22．嘲笑處于困境中的人是不禮貌的。

It’s not polite to __________ __________ those people in trouble.23．學(xué)校規(guī)定上課不許遲到。

The school rule says, “Don’t __________ __________ for class.” 24．熊貓?jiān)谖覈艿胶芎玫恼疹櫋?/p>

Pandas __________ __________ good care of in our country.25．我們覺得晚上出去是危險(xiǎn)的。

We find __________ __________ to go out at night.參考答案

1．D 【解析】

試題分析：句意：我們的教室真干凈。它每天被打掃。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成為am/is/are+動詞的過去分詞，結(jié)合句意，故選D?？键c(diǎn)：考查被動語態(tài)的用法。2．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：孩子們，要更加注意正確的發(fā)單詞的音。pay attention to sth/doing,注意……，to是介詞后加名詞或動名詞。雖然該句是被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但是to仍然是介詞，故選C。

考點(diǎn)：考查動名詞的用法。3．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：這個(gè)單詞是由五個(gè)字母組成的。分析：被……組成: be made up of ,因此選擇第三項(xiàng)。故選C 考點(diǎn)：考查固定詞組的用法。4．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：昨天，這些禮物被我的朋友買了。分析：考查被動語態(tài)的用法，通過時(shí)間狀語yesterday，體現(xiàn)為一般過去式的被動語態(tài)，構(gòu)成為was/were done（動詞的過去分詞），結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，第三項(xiàng)符合題意。故選 C 考點(diǎn)：考查被動語態(tài)的用法。5．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：媽媽，我的同班同學(xué)在外面玩，我能加入他們嗎？直到你的作業(yè)做完才能加入。動作的承受者作主語用被動語態(tài)。其結(jié)構(gòu)是，主語+be+done。until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)態(tài)，故選B?？键c(diǎn)：考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。6．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：親愛的，門的鑰匙忘在了房間里了。the key to the door 門的鑰匙 the answer to the question等表示一一對應(yīng)關(guān)系的名詞經(jīng)常用to表示所有的關(guān)系。forget忘記，后不加地點(diǎn)，leave sth(at,in…),把某物落在某地。如果主語是動作的承受者，或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的，則用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知鑰匙和忘記之間是被動關(guān)系，故選B。

考點(diǎn)：考查介詞和被動語態(tài)的用法。7．C 【解析】 試題分析：句意：每年都有超過7千萬頭鯊魚被殺以獲得它們的鰭片。這是一個(gè)事實(shí)的描述，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；該句應(yīng)該是鯊魚被殺害，因此是被動語態(tài)，所以選C 考點(diǎn)：考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。8．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：--我不被允許自己做決定。我應(yīng)該做什么？--如果我是你，我應(yīng)該和我的父母談一談。分析：第一個(gè)空為被動語態(tài)，體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在不能自己做決定，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動詞態(tài)；第二個(gè)空考查虛擬語氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，其if 從句的謂語形式用動詞的過去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +動詞原形。故選C 考點(diǎn)：考查被動語氣和虛擬語氣的用法。9．D 【解析】

試題分析：句意：貝蒂，昨天晚上為什么你不接電話？對不起，我的手機(jī)忘在臥室里了。動作的承受者作主語用被動語態(tài)。其結(jié)構(gòu)是，主語+be+done.根據(jù)句意，可知動作發(fā)生在過去，故選D。

考點(diǎn)：考查被動語態(tài)的用法。10．A 【解析】

試題分析：句意：伴有光驅(qū)的這個(gè)聽力材料賣得很好。表示事物性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)的，用主動形式表示被動語態(tài)。此處表示這個(gè)聽力材料買的好，故用主動形式，主語是This listening material，故謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。11．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：寧波在過去的10年當(dāng)中改變了很多?！堑?，你說得對。結(jié)合語境可知本句描述的是從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。選B?？键c(diǎn)：考查時(shí)態(tài)辨析 12．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：看看右邊的標(biāo)語，啊，這里不允許停車。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受

者，即行為動作的對象。其結(jié)構(gòu)是，主語+be+done。根據(jù)句意，可知停車是動作的承受者，故用被動結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)標(biāo)語展示的內(nèi)容，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選B?？键c(diǎn)：考查被動語態(tài)的用法。13．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：--你已經(jīng)搬入新的公寓了嗎？--還沒有。這個(gè)房間正在裝修。分析：考查被動語態(tài)的用法，通過句意體現(xiàn)正在裝修，因此運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動語態(tài)，構(gòu)成方式為be being done（動詞的過去分詞）。故選C 考點(diǎn)：考查被動語態(tài)的用法。14．A 【解析】

試題分析：句意：—你認(rèn)識露絲的奶奶嗎？—當(dāng)然，她是一個(gè)善良的女人，但她自從死于事故后已經(jīng)死亡大約一個(gè)月了。根據(jù)題干分析since從句中“死于事故”應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，因有since狀語從句，所以主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 15．D 【解析】 試題分析：句意:過去黃河水常常淹沒大片的土地，但是現(xiàn)在黃河水被用來產(chǎn)生能源。be used to do sth.被用來做某事；be used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于某事；used to do sth.過去常常做某事。根據(jù)句意可知選D?？键c(diǎn)：考查動詞。16．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：這些天這種花賣的很好，你愿意買一個(gè)嗎？根據(jù)語境可知花賣得好不能用被動語態(tài)，This kind of flower看成單數(shù)故動詞單三式；根據(jù)句意故選B 考點(diǎn)：考查動詞的用法。17．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：---16歲的孩子們能開車去上學(xué)嗎？---不，他們不應(yīng)當(dāng)被允許開車，因?yàn)樗麄儾皇亲銐虻恼J(rèn)真。shouldn’t be be allowed to do表示不應(yīng)當(dāng)被允許做某事；根據(jù)句意故選B 考點(diǎn)：考查被動語態(tài)。18．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：---這部電影Avatar將在下個(gè)月在電視上上映。根據(jù)題意可知用將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)will be done;根據(jù)句意故選C.考點(diǎn)：考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。19．A 【解析】

試題分析：句意：—猜一下當(dāng)我在問他這件事時(shí)他會怎么說?！词鼓阍賳査?，他也不會告訴你任何事情。第二空even if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，根據(jù)“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，主句是一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，從句主語是you，所以謂語動詞用原形，故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)

20．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：一座新橋明年在我們城市修建，它超過8百米長。根據(jù)題干分析bridge和build構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，因此用被動語態(tài)，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“be+動詞的過去分詞”，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語next year（明年），所以用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，故選B?？键c(diǎn)：考查被動語態(tài)的用法

21．nearest;away 22．laugh at 23．be late 24．a(chǎn)re taken 25．it;dangerous 【解析】 試題分析：

21．要用最高級形式nearest;距離后用副詞away。22．“嘲笑”用動詞短語laugh at。

23．“遲到” 用動詞短語be late放在Don’t后，構(gòu)成祈使句的否定句。24．a(chǎn)re taken是謂語動詞，根據(jù)語境用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)形式。Pandas是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用are。

25．這里用it做形式賓語代替后面的不定式to go out at night;dangerous是形容詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語

考點(diǎn)：單詞填空。

第五篇：高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題一 時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)綜合練(二)

時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)綜合練(二)

一、單項(xiàng)填空

1．Many newspapers printed the governor’s statement ________ would support a tax cut.A．a(chǎn)nd he B．was that he

C．which he

D．that he 2．The dictionary is to a student ________ the tool is to a worker.A．which B．that

C．what

D．whatever 3．The US/UK war against Iraq and the suffering ________ caused have become a big concern all over the world.A．what B．which

C．it D．/ 4．It is partly ________ the summer day is longer that everything has a larger time to warm up.A．for

B．that

C．the reason

D．because 5．Through English we will be able to communicate ________ part of the world we come from.A．in which B．even if

C．whatever

D．wherever 6．The factory produced many famous cars, none of ________ shipped to foreign countries.A．them B．which

C．it

D．what 7．The manager decided to give the job to ________ he believed had a strong sense of duty.A．whoever B．whomever

C．who

D．those 8．Is it true ________ the rain stops, it will be as hot as in the summer here? A．when B．that when

C．whenever

D．that 9．________ different life today is ________ what it was 30 years ago.A．How；from B．What a；from

C．What；from

D．How；with 10．A computer is so useful a machine ________ we can use everywhere.A．that B．which

C．a(chǎn)s

D．what 11．Mother made a promise ________ I passed the College Entrance Examinations she would buy me a mobile phone.A．that B．if that

C．that if

D．that whether 12．Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls，________ 1 to blame.A．is B．that is

C．a(chǎn)re

D．who are 13．________ he told us is the news ________ China has got 32 gold medals in the 28th Olympic Games in Athens, ________，of course, made the nations feel very excited.A．What；which；which C．What；that；which

14．Elbert Einstein, for ________ life had once been very hard, was successful later in science.A．whom B．whose

C．which

D．his

B．That；that；which

D．That；that；what 15．Children’s brains can’t develop properly________ they lack protein(蛋白質(zhì))．

A．when B．since

C．because D．unless 16．The news ________ is spreading around the airport is ________ a heavy storm is coming.A．what；/ D．that；which 17．Our teacher is always busy preparing lessons until 11 o’clock at night，________ we students have gone to sleep.A．that time B．by which time time 18．—What should we pay more attention to if we go north in winter, Mum? —Nothing much.Take warm clothes ________ the weather is cold.A．a(chǎn)s long as B．now that

C．if

D．in case

C．by that time

D．which

B．that；that

C．/；that

19．The media can often help solve problems and draw attention ________ situations ________ help is needed.A．in；that where 20．There were two boys in the lab，________ did the experiment successfully.A．the clever of whom C．the clever of them

二、閱讀理解

Visit Iceland and you’ll enter a whole new region of experience.You’ll discover original nature as you’ve never seen it before, and the equally original people for whom timeless nature, ancient heritage and modern lifestyle coexist in harmony.The

B．the cleverer of whom D．the cleverer of them

B．to；which

C．in；where

D．to； 2 freedom to wander in the city or wilds as you please is the key to the Iceland experience.Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is just a part of the Icelandic experience with its midnight sun or the magical landscapes mixed with ice and fire.Reykjavik has a population of around 170,000 and offers an interesting mix of cosmopolitan(世界各地的)culture and local village roots.Old accounts say the ancient gods themselves guided Iceland’s first settler to make his home in Reykjavik.He named the place Reykjavik(Steamy Bay)after the geothermal(地?zé)?steam he saw, which today heats homes and outdoor swimming pools throughout the city, a pollution-free energy source that leaves the air outstandingly fresh, clean and clear.A beautiful river runs through the city limits, and so do fine parks and even wild outdoor areas.In the outskirts(郊區(qū))are places for horse trekking and golf.But against this backcloth of nature, Reykjavik has a packed program of familiar city joys too: art museums, several theaters, an opera house, a symphony orchestra and concerts meeting the needs of the whole spectrum of age and taste.One must for all visitors is dining out on Icelandic specialties, including delicious seafood, ocean-fresh from the morning’s catch, highland lamb and unusual varieties of game.Its purely natural food imaginatively served to delight the most discerning(內(nèi)行的)of diners.Reykjavik is also famous as one of Europe’s nightspots, where the action on the friendly pub and nightlife scene lasts right through the night.In the evening, the downtown area is filled with activities, reaching its peak on Friday or Saturday.The number of pubs, café，discos, and other night-spots in the downtown area is astonishing.There are a rich variety of places to go: European-style cafés and nightclubs with live entertainment, dance balls for seniors, sports-theme pubs with big TV screens, cafers that offer over 100 types of beer, an Irish pub, a Spanish café and a French wine bar.Walking distances are short downtown, and everything worth seeing outside the city center can be quickly and conveniently reached by bus.With its long, easy-going main streets and large shopping malls, Iceland’s capital is a great place to shop too—with a bonus of tax-free shopping for visitors!Be careful not just for souvenirs(紀(jì)念品)(especially woolens and handicrafts)but also for stylish consumer goods and designer labels at competitive prices.A full range of accommodations(住宿)is available in Reykjavik, from international-standard hotels with good conference facilities, through smaller hotels and comfortable guesthouses, to a campsite in the city’s biggest park.1．It can be learned from the passage that Reykjavik ________.A．was named by the ancient gods B．got its name from the visitors C．was named by Iceland’s first settler D．was named after Iceland’s first settler

2．While visiting Iceland, the most enjoyable thing is ________.A．to taste its purely natural food B．to wander freely in the city or the wilds as you please C．to visit the night-spots there D．to do tax-free shopping

3.Which of the following subjects are mentioned in the fifth paragraph? A．Shopping and accommodations.B．Dining and night-spots.C．City joys and backcloth of nature.D．Transportation and landscapes.4．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A．a(chǎn)ll visitors must dine out while visiting Iceland B．hotel accommodation is so scarce that visitors usually camp in the city’s biggest parks C．people living in Reykjavik seldom get heat from coal D．you have to walk short distance if you want to go sightseeing outside 5．A college student who majors in food and drinks visits Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland probably because________.A．it offers an interesting mix of cosmopolitan culture and local village roots B．its geothermal steam is rich and the air is fresh C．it has a variety of purely natural food and cafés, pubs of foreign style D．it has tax-free malls and international-standard hotels with good conference facilities 答案

一、單項(xiàng)填空

1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．A 16．B 17．B 18．D 19．D 20．B

二、閱讀理解

1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C