第一篇:2013溫家寶政府工作報告
十二屆全國人大一次會議今日上午9時在北京人民大會堂開幕,國務(wù)院總理溫家寶第十次在開幕會上作《政府工作報告》,這也是本屆政府的最后一次工作報告。全文如下:
政府工作報告
2013年3月5日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議上
國務(wù)院總理 溫家寶
現(xiàn)在,我代表國務(wù)院,向大會報告過去五年的政府工作,并對今年工作提出建議,請各位代表審議,并請全國政協(xié)委員提出意見。
一、過去五年工作回顧
第十一屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議以來的五年,是我國發(fā)展進程中極不平凡的五年。我們有效應(yīng)對國際金融危機的嚴(yán)重沖擊,保持經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展,國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值從26.6萬億元增加到51.9萬億元,躍升到世界第二位;公共財政收入從5.1萬億元增加到11.7萬億元;累計新增城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)5870萬人,城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)村居民人均純收入年均分別增長8.8%、9.9%;糧食產(chǎn)量實現(xiàn)“九連增”;重要領(lǐng)域改革取得新進展,開放型經(jīng)濟達到新水平;創(chuàng)新型國家建設(shè)取得新成就,載人航天、探月工程、載人深潛、北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)、超級計算機、高速鐵路等實現(xiàn)重大突破,第一艘航母“遼寧艦”入列;成功舉辦北京奧運會、殘奧會和上海世博會;奪取抗擊汶川特大地震、玉樹強烈地震、舟曲特大山洪泥石流等嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害和災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建重大勝利。我國社會生產(chǎn)力和綜合國力顯著提高,人民生活水平和社會保障水平顯著提高,國際地位和國際影響力顯著提高。我們圓滿完成“十一五”規(guī)劃,順利實施“十二五”規(guī)劃。社會主義經(jīng)濟建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會建設(shè)、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)取得重大進展,譜寫了中國特色社會主義事業(yè)新篇章。
五年來的主要工作及特點:
一是有效應(yīng)對國際金融危機,促進經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。過去五年,我們是在持續(xù)應(yīng)對國際金融危機嚴(yán)重沖擊中走過來的。這場危機來勢之猛、擴散之快、影響之深,百年罕見。我們沉著應(yīng)對,及時果斷調(diào)整宏觀調(diào)控著力點,出臺進一步擴大內(nèi)需、促進經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快增長的十項措施,全面實施一攬子計劃。兩年新增4萬億元投資,其中中央財政投資1.26萬億元,主要用于保障性安居工程、農(nóng)村民生工程、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、社會事業(yè)、生態(tài)環(huán)保、自主創(chuàng)新等方面建設(shè)和災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建。
五年來,新建各類保障性住房1800多萬套,棚戶區(qū)改造住房1200多萬套;完成大中型和重點小型水庫除險加固1.8萬座,治理重點中小河流2.45萬公里,新增節(jié)水灌溉面積770萬公頃;新增鐵路里程1.97萬公里,其中高速鐵路8951公里,京滬、京廣、哈大等高鐵和一批城際鐵路相繼投入運營;新增公路60.9萬公里,其中高速公路4.2萬公里,高速公路總里程達9.56萬公里;
新建機場31個;新增萬噸級港口泊位602個;一批跨江跨海大橋、連島工程相繼建成;西氣東輸、西電東送、南水北調(diào)等重大工程順利推進或建成;非化石能源快速發(fā)展,水電、風(fēng)電裝機位居世界第一;
重建后的汶川、玉樹、舟曲等災(zāi)區(qū)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。這些舉世矚目的成就,對我們有效應(yīng)對國際金融危機嚴(yán)重沖擊發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用,為經(jīng)濟社會長遠發(fā)展打下了堅實基礎(chǔ),已經(jīng)并將繼續(xù)造福億萬人民。
我們始終注重處理好保持經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)和管理通脹預(yù)期的關(guān)系,增強宏觀政策的前瞻性、科學(xué)性、有效性,注意把握好政策的取向、力度和重點。在國際金融危機沖擊最嚴(yán)重時,果斷實施積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策,綜合運用多種財政政策工具,增加政府支出,實行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅;有效運用存款準(zhǔn)備金率、利率等貨幣政策工具,保持貨幣信貸合理增長。
根據(jù)宏觀經(jīng)濟走勢的變化,我們及時調(diào)整政策力度,適時退出刺激政策,實施積極的財政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。在財政政策運用
上,堅持統(tǒng)籌兼顧,注重綜合平衡。
財政赤字占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重從2009年的2.8%降到去年的1.5%左右,赤字率和債務(wù)負擔(dān)率保持在安全水平。加強地方政府性債務(wù)全面審計和地方政府融資平臺管理,有效控制經(jīng)濟運行中的風(fēng)險隱患。在貨幣政策運用上,始終注意把握穩(wěn)增長、控物價和防風(fēng)險之間的平衡。
金融體系運行穩(wěn)健,銀行業(yè)風(fēng)險抵御能力持續(xù)增強,資本充足率從2007年底的8.4%提升到去年底的13.3%,不良貸款率由6.1%下降到0.95%,一直保持在較低水平。
堅持搞好房地產(chǎn)市場調(diào)控不動搖,遏制了房價過快上漲勢頭。2012年,在世界各大經(jīng)濟體增長全面減速、各種風(fēng)險不斷暴露的情況下,我們合理把握政策力度,保持財政預(yù)算支出規(guī)模不變,優(yōu)化支出結(jié)構(gòu),扭轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟下滑趨勢,全面實現(xiàn)年初確定的主要目標(biāo),國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長7.8%,城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1266萬人,居民消費價格漲幅回落到2.6%,為今年經(jīng)濟發(fā)展打下好的基礎(chǔ)。
這五年,我國宏觀經(jīng)濟總體上保持增速平穩(wěn)較快、物價相對穩(wěn)定、就業(yè)持續(xù)增加、國際收支趨于平衡的良好態(tài)勢,國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值年均增長9.3%,顯著高于同期全球和新興經(jīng)濟體的增速,通貨膨脹率遠低于其他新興經(jīng)濟體。我國經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定,充滿活力。
回首這五年,面對國際經(jīng)濟形勢復(fù)雜多變、持續(xù)低迷的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),中央科學(xué)判斷、果斷決策,有效避免了我國現(xiàn)代化進程因巨大的外部沖擊而出現(xiàn)大的波折,實踐證明這些決策部署是完全正確的。
二是加快經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,提高經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的質(zhì)量和效益。堅持實施擴大內(nèi)需戰(zhàn)略,內(nèi)需對經(jīng)濟增長的貢獻率明顯提高,經(jīng)常項目順差占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重從10.1%下降到2.6%。居民消費結(jié)構(gòu)加快升級。2012年底,城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村人均住房面積32.9平方米、37.1平方米,分別比2007年增加2.8平方米和5.5平方米;
城鎮(zhèn)居民每百戶擁有家用汽車21.5輛,比2007年增加15.5輛;旅游、文化消費大幅增加。堅持走中國特色新型工業(yè)化道路,大力推進產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級。我國制造業(yè)規(guī)模躍居全球首位,高技術(shù)制造業(yè)增加值年均增長13.4%,成為國民經(jīng)濟重要先導(dǎo)性、支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè);
清潔能源、節(jié)能環(huán)保、新一代信息技術(shù)、生物醫(yī)藥、高端裝備制造等一批戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展。產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量整體水平不斷提高。服務(wù)業(yè)增加值占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重提高2.7個百分點,成為吸納就業(yè)最多的產(chǎn)業(yè)。
扎實推進節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護。五年累計,共淘汰落后煉鐵產(chǎn)能1.17億噸、煉鋼產(chǎn)能7800萬噸、水泥產(chǎn)能7.75億噸;新增城市污水日處理能力4600萬噸;單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降17.2%,化學(xué)需氧量、二氧化硫排放總量分別下降15.7%和17.5%。
修訂環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),增加細顆粒物PM2.5等監(jiān)測指標(biāo)。推進天然林保護、退耕還林、防沙治沙等重點生態(tài)工程建設(shè),五年累計完成造林2953萬公頃,治理沙漠化、石漠化土地1196萬公頃,綜合治理水土流失面積24.6萬平方公里,整治國土面積18萬平方公里。
第二篇:2004溫家寶政府工作報告
2004年政府工作報告
2004年政府工作報告
——2004年3月5日在第十屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議上
國務(wù)院總理溫家寶
各位代表:
本屆政府履行職責(zé)已經(jīng)一年。現(xiàn)在,我代表國務(wù)院,向大會作政府工作報告,請予審議,并請全國政協(xié)各位委員提出意見。一、一年來工作回顧
過去的一年,是我國發(fā)展進程中重要而非同尋常的一年,是改革開放和社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得顯著成就的一年。面對復(fù)雜多變的國際形勢、突如其來的非典型肺炎疫情和頻繁發(fā)生的自然災(zāi)害,在中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,各級政府和全國各族人民一道,以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo),貫徹落實黨的十六大精神,迎難而上,頑強拼搏,奮力開拓創(chuàng)新,在全面建設(shè)小康社會的道路上邁出重要步伐。
——抗擊非典取得重大勝利。
——經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比上年增長9.1%,達到11.67萬億元;按現(xiàn)行匯率計算,人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值突破1000美元,跨上一個重要臺階。
——國家財力明顯增強。全國財政收入達到2.17萬億元,比上年增加2787億元。
——對外貿(mào)易大幅增長。進出口總額比上年增長37.1%,達到8512億美元,由上年居世界第五位上升到第四位。
——就業(yè)超過預(yù)期目標(biāo)。城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)859萬人,下崗失業(yè)人員再就業(yè)440萬人。
——居民收入增加。城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入實際增長9%,農(nóng)民人均純收入實際增長4.3%。
——首次載人航天飛行獲得圓滿成功。
這些成就,標(biāo)志著我國綜合國力又有新的提高,進一步增強了全國人民繼續(xù)前進的信心和勇氣。
一年來,我們主要做了以下六方面工作:
(一)采取果斷措施,集中力量抗擊非典
去年春天,我國遭遇了一場非典疫情重大災(zāi)害。黨中央、國務(wù)院把人民群眾的身體健康和生命安全放在第一位,及時研究和部署防治非典工作。貫徹《中華人民共和國傳染病防治法》,制定《突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應(yīng)急條例》,將非典列為法定傳染病管理,如實公布疫情,在全國范圍內(nèi)實行群防群控。國務(wù)院和地方政府成立防治非典指揮部,統(tǒng)一調(diào)度人力物力財力,充分發(fā)揮城鄉(xiāng)基層組織的作用,確保預(yù)防、救治工作緊張有序進行。組織科研攻關(guān),在診斷、治療、防疫等方面取得重要進展。對農(nóng)民非典患者實行免費治療等措施,嚴(yán)防疫情向農(nóng)村擴散。
在抗擊非典斗爭的艱難時刻,各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部深入第一線,全國人民萬眾一心,社會各界同舟共濟,廣大醫(yī)務(wù)工作者臨危不懼,中華民族經(jīng)受住了嚴(yán)峻的考驗。
(二)適時適度調(diào)控,促進經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)快速發(fā)展
我們堅持?jǐn)U大內(nèi)需方針,繼續(xù)實施積極的財政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策,針對經(jīng)濟運行中出現(xiàn)的新情況,及時采取措施進行宏觀調(diào)控。
在非典肆虐的情況下,我們堅持一手抓防治非典不放松,一手抓經(jīng)濟建設(shè)不動搖。著力加強重點建設(shè),促進工業(yè)生產(chǎn),保證物流暢通,及時對受疫情沖擊較大的行業(yè)實行減免稅費、貼息貸款等扶持政策,并制定促進就業(yè)和增加農(nóng)民收入等方面的措施,最大限度地減輕了疫情對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的影響。
我們主要運用經(jīng)濟、法律手段,采取綜合措施,引導(dǎo)和調(diào)控社會投資。進一步整頓和規(guī)范土地市場秩序,全面清理各類開發(fā)區(qū),制止亂征濫占耕地。適當(dāng)提高金融機構(gòu)存款準(zhǔn)備金率,控制貨幣信貸過快增長勢頭。在調(diào)控中,注意適度微調(diào)和區(qū)別對待。
我們加大“三農(nóng)”工作力度,及時作出部署,保護糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)和廣大農(nóng)民的種糧積極性。加強經(jīng)濟運行協(xié)調(diào),采取措施增加供給,引導(dǎo)需求合理增長,緩解煤、電、油、運和重要原材料供應(yīng)緊張狀況。
我們積極推進經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整,抓緊一批對經(jīng)濟增長和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整有重大促進作用的重點項目建設(shè),特別是加快水利、能源、交通等項目的開工和建設(shè)。三峽水利樞紐二期工程勝利完成,三期工程拉開序幕;西氣東輸東段工程成功貫通;青藏鐵路正線鋪軌順利推進;西電東送規(guī)模擴大;南水北調(diào)工程東、中線開工建設(shè)。西部大開發(fā)繼續(xù)推進,東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地振興戰(zhàn)略開始實施。
(三)注重統(tǒng)籌兼顧,加快社會事業(yè)發(fā)展
非典疫情蔓延,集中暴露出我國經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展不協(xié)調(diào)的問題。我們從政府工作的著力點和財政投入等方面,及時作出必要調(diào)整,推動社會事業(yè)加快發(fā)展。中央財政全年用于教育、衛(wèi)生、科技、文化、體育事業(yè)的支出達855億元,比上年增長12.4%;支持社會事業(yè)發(fā)展的國債投資達163億元,增長近兩倍。
以疾病預(yù)防控制和農(nóng)村為重點,加強全國公共衛(wèi)生體系建設(shè)。制定并組織實施《國家公共衛(wèi)生監(jiān)測信息體系建設(shè)規(guī)劃》和《突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件醫(yī)療救治體系建設(shè)規(guī)劃》,建立突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件預(yù)警和應(yīng)急機制。加強公共衛(wèi)生設(shè)施建設(shè),重點抓了省、市(地)、縣三級疾病預(yù)防控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)。采取中央與地方共建辦法,加強農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生醫(yī)療機構(gòu)建設(shè)。開展新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度和醫(yī)療救助制度試點。
國務(wù)院作出《關(guān)于進一步加強農(nóng)村教育工作的決定》。中央財政和國債資金加大了對農(nóng)村教育的支持力度,主要用于補助中西部農(nóng)村教師工資發(fā)放、中小學(xué)危房改造、中小學(xué)現(xiàn)代遠程教育工程試點和資助家庭經(jīng)濟困難的學(xué)生。許多城市開始實行以流入地政府管理為主的辦法,努力使進城務(wù)工農(nóng)民的子女能夠上學(xué)。
一年來,我國基礎(chǔ)研究、戰(zhàn)略高技術(shù)研究和高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化取得重要進展。國務(wù)院著手編制國家中長期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃,組織大批專家參與研究論證,已有一批重要研究成果。
積極推進文化體制改革和文化事業(yè)發(fā)展。文化市場整頓力度加大。群眾體育和競技體育運動取得新成績。
人口和計劃生育工作進一步加強。國土資源管理、環(huán)境保護、林業(yè)發(fā)展和生態(tài)建設(shè)等方面都做了大量工作,取得新成效。
(四)關(guān)心群眾生活,做好就業(yè)和社會保障工作
我們高度重視解決群眾特別是困難群眾的生產(chǎn)生活問題,維護群眾切身利益。各級政府認(rèn)真落實中央關(guān)于擴大就業(yè)再就業(yè)的一系列措施,加大資金投入、政策支持和工作力度。中央財政新增47億元專項補助資金,用于支持就業(yè)再就業(yè)。加強對高校擴招后首批畢業(yè)生就業(yè)的指導(dǎo)和服務(wù),全國普通高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)率去年底達到83%,比上年增加60萬人。
為繼續(xù)落實“兩個確?!焙汀叭龡l保障線”,2003年中央財政支出700億元,比上年增長19.9%;其中用于城市居民最低生活保障的補助資金由上年46億元增加到92億元。全國2235萬城市居民得到最低生活保障。從2003年起,中央財政每年安排專項資金,支持地方解決企業(yè)軍轉(zhuǎn)干部等生活困難問題;再次提高革命傷殘人員等優(yōu)撫對象的撫恤補助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
我們進一步加強農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)工作,增加資金投入,改善貧困地區(qū)生產(chǎn)生活條件。全力做好抗災(zāi)救災(zāi)工作,中央財政用于洪澇、干旱、地震等救災(zāi)救濟支出80.3億元,比上年增長63.9%;用于災(zāi)后重建的中央投資27.9億元。災(zāi)區(qū)群眾生活得到妥善安排,恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)和重建工作有序進行。各級政府重視解決拖欠農(nóng)民工工資問題,加大了工作力度,取得初步成效。
(五)推進體制創(chuàng)新,改革開放邁出重要步伐
按照十屆全國人大一次會議批準(zhǔn)的方案,國務(wù)院機構(gòu)改革順利完成,調(diào)整和新組建的機構(gòu)運轉(zhuǎn)正常。宏觀調(diào)控體系建設(shè)、國有資產(chǎn)管理體制改革和銀行業(yè)監(jiān)管體系建設(shè)取得重要進展。統(tǒng)一內(nèi)外貿(mào)管理體制,調(diào)整了食品安全和安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)管體制。省級政府機構(gòu)改革基本完成。行政審批制度改革進一步深化。
國有企業(yè)股份制改革繼續(xù)推進。電力、電信、民航等行業(yè)的改革加快。國有及國有控股工業(yè)企業(yè)經(jīng)濟效益大幅度提高,實現(xiàn)利潤3784億元,比上年增長45.2%。銀行、證券、保險業(yè)改革穩(wěn)步推進。制定并實施國有商業(yè)銀行股份制改造試點方案。改革了證券發(fā)行審核制度。國有保險企業(yè)股份制改造取得明顯進展。醞釀多年的農(nóng)村信用社改革開始在8個?。ㄊ校┰圏c。農(nóng)村稅費改革試點擴大到全國。促進非公有制經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的政策措施進一步落實。深入整頓和規(guī)范市場秩序,堅決打擊制售假冒偽劣商品和走私等違法犯罪活動,改善市場環(huán)境,維護消費者和生產(chǎn)者合法權(quán)益。
我們認(rèn)真履行加入世貿(mào)組織的承諾,繼續(xù)降低關(guān)稅稅率,擴大服務(wù)業(yè)對外開放。外貿(mào)經(jīng)營權(quán)進一步放開。制定并實施出口退稅機制改革方案,積累多年的欠退稅問題將逐步得到合理解決。加強了應(yīng)對國外反傾銷調(diào)查和解決貿(mào)易爭端的工作。進出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)進一步優(yōu)化。全年實際利用外商直接投資535億美元。年底國家外匯儲備達4033億美元,比年初增加1168億美元。人民幣匯率保持穩(wěn)定。去年,還簽署了內(nèi)地與香港、內(nèi)地與澳門建立更緊密經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的安排,增強了內(nèi)地與港澳的經(jīng)貿(mào)聯(lián)系。
(六)加強法制建設(shè),維護社會穩(wěn)定
我們高度重視政府法制建設(shè)。國務(wù)院先后提出銀行業(yè)監(jiān)督管理法草案、對外貿(mào)易法修訂草案等5部法律議案;制定了《企業(yè)國有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理暫行條例》等28部行政法規(guī)。針對收容遣送工作中存在的問題,制定并組織實施《城市生活無著的流浪乞討人員救助管理辦法》和配套措施?!斗稍鷹l例》的實施,為困難群眾解決打官司難提供幫助。
加強社會治安綜合治理。對治安混亂地區(qū)進行重點整治。加大對嚴(yán)重暴力犯罪等突出犯罪的打擊力度,社會治安取得新的進步。堅持執(zhí)法為民、從嚴(yán)治警,著重解決超期羈押、濫用強制措施等問題,保障公民的合法權(quán)益。加強政法隊伍建設(shè),發(fā)揮公安機關(guān)和武警部隊在維護社會穩(wěn)定中的重要作用。
過去的一年,各級政府按照黨中央的部署,興起學(xué)習(xí)貫徹“三個代表”重要思想和黨的十六大精神的高潮。社會主義政治文明建設(shè)繼續(xù)推進,精神文明建設(shè)進一步加強。廉政建設(shè)和反腐敗工作取得新成效。民族、宗教、僑務(wù)工作取得新成績。國防和軍隊現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)邁出新步伐。外交工作開創(chuàng)了新局面。
一年來各方面的顯著成就,確實來之不易。這是黨中央總攬全局、正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果,是全國各族人民團結(jié)奮斗、辛勤勞動的結(jié)果。我代表國務(wù)院向全國工人、農(nóng)民、知識分子和干部,向社會主義勞動者和社會主義事業(yè)的建設(shè)者,向解放軍指戰(zhàn)員、武警部隊官兵和公安民警,表示誠摯的感謝!向全國各族人民,各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士,對政府工作的信任和支持,表示誠摯的感謝!向關(guān)心和支持祖國建設(shè)和統(tǒng)一的香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門特別行政區(qū)同胞和臺灣同胞,以及廣大僑胞,向一切關(guān)心和支持中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的各國朋友,表示誠摯的感謝!
回顧過去一年,我們清醒地看到,在前進道路上還有許多困難和問題,政府工作還有不少缺點,群眾還有一些不滿意的地方,多年積累的深層次矛盾從根本上解決還需要相當(dāng)長時間。農(nóng)民增收緩慢,就業(yè)和社會保障任務(wù)重,區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡,部分社會成員收入差距過大,資源環(huán)境壓力增加。在經(jīng)濟加快發(fā)展的過程中,又出現(xiàn)一些新的矛盾,特別是投資規(guī)模偏大,部分行業(yè)和地區(qū)盲目投資、低水平重復(fù)建設(shè)比較嚴(yán)重,能源、交通和部分原材料供求關(guān)系緊張。糧食減產(chǎn)較多,違法違規(guī)占用耕地現(xiàn)象比較突出。社會事業(yè)發(fā)展滯后,群眾對上學(xué)難、看病難等問題反映比較強烈。城鄉(xiāng)不少低收入居民生活還比較困難。一些地方嚴(yán)重刑事犯罪案件屢有發(fā)生。重大安全事故接連出現(xiàn),給人民群眾生命財產(chǎn)造成嚴(yán)重損失,教訓(xùn)極為深刻。我們還清醒地看到,有些政府工作人員存在主觀主義、形式主義和官僚主義作風(fēng),奢侈浪費,弄虛作假,甚至貪污腐敗。政府自身建設(shè)和反腐敗工作十分艱巨。
對這些矛盾和問題,必須高度重視而不可回避,認(rèn)真解決而不可任其發(fā)展。政府工作任重道遠。我們要保持清醒頭腦,增強憂患意識和歷史責(zé)任感,下定決心,知難而進,開拓創(chuàng)新,扎實工作,以新的精神狀態(tài)、新的工作面貌,迎接新的考驗,決不辜負人民的期望。
二、2004年主要任務(wù)
今年是我國改革和發(fā)展十分關(guān)鍵的一年。政府工作的基本思路和主要任務(wù)是,以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo),全面貫徹黨的十六大和十六屆三中全會精神,抓住重要戰(zhàn)略機遇期,抓好發(fā)展這個第一要務(wù),堅持科學(xué)發(fā)展觀,按照“五個統(tǒng)籌”的要求,更加注重搞好宏觀調(diào)控,更加注重統(tǒng)籌兼顧,更加注重以人為本,更加注重改革創(chuàng)新,著力解決經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中的突出矛盾,著力解決關(guān)系人民群眾切身利益的突出問題,正確處理改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系,推動經(jīng)濟社會全面、協(xié)調(diào)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)社會主義物質(zhì)文明、政治文明和精神文明共同進步。
(一)加強和改善宏觀調(diào)控,保持經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展
今年經(jīng)濟工作的基本著眼點,是把各方面加快發(fā)展的積極性保護好、引導(dǎo)好、發(fā)揮好,實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展,防止經(jīng)濟出現(xiàn)大起大落。中央提出今年經(jīng)濟增長預(yù)期目標(biāo)為7%左右,既考慮了保持宏觀調(diào)控目標(biāo)的連續(xù)性,也考慮了經(jīng)濟增長速度與能源、重要原材料、交通運輸?shù)葘嶋H條件的銜接,減輕對資源和環(huán)境的壓力。這也有利于引導(dǎo)各方面把主要精力放在深化改革、調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)、提高經(jīng)濟增長的質(zhì)量和效益上,把更多的財力、物力用在社會發(fā)展和加強薄弱環(huán)節(jié)上。
搞好宏觀調(diào)控,既要保持宏觀經(jīng)濟政策的連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性,又要根據(jù)經(jīng)濟形勢發(fā)展變化,適時適度調(diào)整政策實施的力度和重點。適時,就是把握好調(diào)控措施出臺的時機,見微知著,防患于未然;適度,就是松緊得當(dāng),不急剎車,不一刀切。
要堅持?jǐn)U大內(nèi)需的方針,繼續(xù)實施積極的財政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。發(fā)行建設(shè)國債是在需求不足的情況下采取的階段性政策,隨著社會投資增長加快,應(yīng)逐步調(diào)減發(fā)債規(guī)模。今年擬發(fā)行建設(shè)國債1100億元,比上年減少300億元。為了建立正常的政府投資機制和穩(wěn)定的資金來源,在逐年減少國債發(fā)行規(guī)模的同時,要逐年適當(dāng)增加中央預(yù)算內(nèi)經(jīng)常性建設(shè)投資,今年擬先增加50億元??偟目紤]是,經(jīng)過幾年努力,在現(xiàn)有財政赤字規(guī)模不擴大的情況下,中央預(yù)算內(nèi)經(jīng)常性建設(shè)投資逐步增加到一定規(guī)模,同時逐步減少發(fā)行建設(shè)國債。要調(diào)整建設(shè)國債使用方向,集中用于促進經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和社會全面發(fā)展。今年國債投資要向農(nóng)村、社會事業(yè)、西部開發(fā)、東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地、生態(tài)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護傾斜,保證續(xù)建國債項目建設(shè)。要切實管好用好國債資金,確保國債項目工程質(zhì)量和資金使用效益。繼續(xù)做好財政稅收工作,大力增收節(jié)支,嚴(yán)格依法征稅,保證重點支出。充分發(fā)揮貨幣政策的作用,適當(dāng)控制貨幣信貸規(guī)模,優(yōu)化信貸結(jié)構(gòu),既要支持經(jīng)濟增長,又要防止通貨膨脹和防范金融風(fēng)險。促進國際收支基本平衡,保持人民幣匯率在合理、均衡水平上基本穩(wěn)定。
適當(dāng)控制固定資產(chǎn)投資規(guī)模,堅決遏制部分行業(yè)和地區(qū)盲目投資、低水平重復(fù)建設(shè),是今年宏觀調(diào)控的一項重要任務(wù)。要堅持以市場為導(dǎo)向,主要運用經(jīng)濟、法律手段,輔之以必要的行政手段,加強引導(dǎo)和調(diào)控。一要完善產(chǎn)業(yè)政策和行業(yè)規(guī)劃,健全行業(yè)信息發(fā)布制度,正確引導(dǎo)社會投資方向。二要抓緊制定和完善行業(yè)準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn),嚴(yán)格市場準(zhǔn)入。凡在環(huán)保、安全、能耗、技術(shù)、質(zhì)量等方面不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的項目,尚未建設(shè)的不準(zhǔn)開工,在建的要進行清理,已建的要限期改造。三要依法加強用地管理。對不符合國家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策和行業(yè)準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建設(shè)項目,一律不得批準(zhǔn)用地。繼續(xù)清理開發(fā)區(qū),整頓規(guī)范土地市場。四要強化信貸審核和監(jiān)管。對不符合市場準(zhǔn)入條件的新建項目和改擴建項目,金融機構(gòu)不予貸款。五要嚴(yán)肅稅制,堅決禁止和糾正擅自出臺稅收優(yōu)惠政策的行為。通過這些措施,努力使投資結(jié)構(gòu)得到調(diào)整和優(yōu)化,投資總規(guī)模保持合理水平,投資效益得到提高。要按照走新型工業(yè)化道路的要求,推進國民經(jīng)濟和社會信息化,促進產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級。積極發(fā)展對經(jīng)濟增長帶動作用大和擁有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)。加快振興裝備制造業(yè)。大力發(fā)展現(xiàn)代流通、旅游、中介服務(wù)等第三產(chǎn)業(yè),逐步提高其在國民經(jīng)濟中的比重。
保持經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展,必須緩解當(dāng)前能源、重要原材料和運輸?shù)墓┣竺堋R环矫?,要增加煤炭、電力、油品生產(chǎn);加強經(jīng)濟運行調(diào)節(jié),促進煤、電、油、運和重要原材料的供需銜接,保證居民生活、重要行業(yè)和重點企業(yè)的需要;加快大型煤炭基地、重要電源電網(wǎng)建設(shè),加快石油等重要資源勘探開發(fā),加快重大交通運輸干線與樞紐工程建設(shè)。另一方面,要堅持增產(chǎn)與節(jié)約并舉,把節(jié)約放在優(yōu)先位置。這不僅是當(dāng)前解決供需矛盾的迫切需要,也是緩解我國資源環(huán)境壓力的長遠之計。必須切實轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟增長方式,各行各業(yè)都要杜絕浪費,降低消耗,提高資源利用效率,形成有利于節(jié)約資源的生產(chǎn)模式和消費方式,建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型社會。
合理調(diào)整投資與消費的關(guān)系,是今年宏觀調(diào)控的重要方面。我國消費在國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中的比重偏低,不利于國內(nèi)需求的穩(wěn)定擴大,不利于國民經(jīng)濟持續(xù)較快增長和良性循環(huán)。要努力增加城鄉(xiāng)居民收入,提高居民購買力水平;加大收入分配調(diào)節(jié)力度,提高中低收入居民的消費能力;發(fā)展消費信貸,完善消費政策,改善消費環(huán)境;適應(yīng)消費結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,擴大服務(wù)消費領(lǐng)域,改善生產(chǎn)供給結(jié)構(gòu);各項改革措施要有利于增強消費者信心,形成良好的消費預(yù)期,增加即期消費。要通過不斷努力,逐步改變投資率偏高、消費率偏低的狀況。
(二)鞏固和加強農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)地位,實現(xiàn)農(nóng)民增收和農(nóng)業(yè)增產(chǎn)
解決農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村和農(nóng)民問題,是我們?nèi)抗ぷ鞯闹刂兄?。?dāng)前,我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展又處在一個關(guān)鍵時期。今年要按照統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展的要求,采取更直接、更有力的政策措施,加強農(nóng)業(yè),支持農(nóng)業(yè),保護農(nóng)業(yè),努力增加農(nóng)民收入。
第一,保護和提高糧食綜合生產(chǎn)能力。實行最嚴(yán)格的耕地保護制度,依法加強耕地管理,堅決制止亂占濫用耕地,糾正隨意改變基本農(nóng)田用途的現(xiàn)象。加快改革土地征收、征用制度,完善土地征收、征用程序和補償機制,確保占補平衡。擴大糧食播種面積,努力提高單產(chǎn)。重點支持主產(chǎn)區(qū)發(fā)展糧食生產(chǎn),啟動優(yōu)質(zhì)糧食產(chǎn)業(yè)工程,建設(shè)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)高產(chǎn)基本農(nóng)田。
第二,推進農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整。大力發(fā)展優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、高效、生態(tài)、安全農(nóng)業(yè),提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和競爭力。推進優(yōu)勢農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)帶建設(shè),促進農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營。積極發(fā)展畜牧業(yè),切實做好高致病性禽流感等動物疫病的防治工作。發(fā)展農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工業(yè)等農(nóng)村非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè),壯大縣域經(jīng)濟。穩(wěn)步推進城鎮(zhèn)化,改善農(nóng)民進城就業(yè)環(huán)境,加強農(nóng)民工培訓(xùn),多渠道擴大農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)。
第三,繼續(xù)推進農(nóng)村稅費改革。除煙葉外,取消農(nóng)業(yè)特產(chǎn)稅,每年可使農(nóng)民減輕負擔(dān)48億元。從今年起,逐步降低農(nóng)業(yè)稅稅率,平均每年降低1個百分點以上,五年內(nèi)取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅。今年農(nóng)業(yè)稅率降低可使農(nóng)民減輕負擔(dān)70億元。為支持農(nóng)村稅費改革,今年中央財政拿出396億元用于轉(zhuǎn)移支付。加快推進縣鄉(xiāng)機構(gòu)等配套改革。
第四,深化糧食流通體制改革。全面放開糧食購銷市場,加快國有糧食企業(yè)改革,加強糧食市場管理和調(diào)控,對種糧農(nóng)民實行直接補貼。今年國家從糧食風(fēng)險基金中拿出100億元,直接補貼種糧農(nóng)民,以調(diào)動農(nóng)民種糧的積極性。加強農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資料價格監(jiān)管,保護農(nóng)民利益。
第五,加大對農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村投入力度。各級政府都要增加對“三農(nóng)”的投入。今年中央財政投入增加300億元以上,比上年增長20%以上。國債投資重點加強農(nóng)村“六小工程”和農(nóng)田水利建設(shè),改善農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)生活條件。繼續(xù)搞好農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā),多渠道增加扶貧資金投入,擴大以工代賑規(guī)模。改進農(nóng)村金融服務(wù),農(nóng)村信用社要增加農(nóng)戶小額信用貸款和農(nóng)戶聯(lián)保貸款,支持農(nóng)民發(fā)展生產(chǎn)。
第六,加快農(nóng)業(yè)科技進步。加強農(nóng)業(yè)科研攻關(guān),增強農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新、儲備和轉(zhuǎn)化能力。加強農(nóng)村科技推廣體系建設(shè),大力推廣增產(chǎn)增效的先進適用技術(shù),擴大農(nóng)作物良種補貼范圍和規(guī)模。
(三)統(tǒng)籌區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,推進西部大開發(fā)和東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地振興
促進區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,是我國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中的一個重大戰(zhàn)略問題。要堅持推進西部大開發(fā),振興東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地,促進中部地區(qū)崛起,鼓勵東部地區(qū)加快發(fā)展,形成東中西互動、優(yōu)勢互補、相互促進、共同發(fā)展的新格局。
繼續(xù)實施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略,認(rèn)真總結(jié)經(jīng)驗,完善政策,落實各項措施,積極有序地推進。扎實搞好退耕還林、退牧還草、天然林保護、風(fēng)沙源和石漠化治理等重點生態(tài)工程;加強基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),重點抓好關(guān)系全局的重大項目,不斷增強經(jīng)濟發(fā)展后勁,繼續(xù)抓好改善農(nóng)牧民生產(chǎn)生活條件的小型工程建設(shè);以義務(wù)教育、公共衛(wèi)生和基層文化建設(shè)為重點,促進社會事業(yè)發(fā)展;積極發(fā)展特色經(jīng)濟和優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè),推進重點區(qū)域和地帶開發(fā)。
認(rèn)真實施東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地振興戰(zhàn)略,今年要有一個良好的開端。落實中央的各項政策措施,突出體制機制創(chuàng)新,擴大對內(nèi)對外開放。加快經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和技術(shù)進步,著力抓好重點行業(yè)、重點企業(yè)的調(diào)整改造,做好資源型城市經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型和采煤沉陷區(qū)治理工作。要堅持自力更生,艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè),充分發(fā)揮廣大干部群眾的進取精神和創(chuàng)造精神。
加快中部地區(qū)發(fā)展是區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的重要方面。國家支持中部地區(qū)發(fā)揮區(qū)位優(yōu)勢和經(jīng)濟優(yōu)勢,加快改革開放和發(fā)展步伐,加強現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)和重要商品糧基地建設(shè),加強基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),發(fā)展有競爭力的制造業(yè)和高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè),提高工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化水平。
東部地區(qū)加快發(fā)展,有利于增強國家財力、物力和科技實力,更好地支持中西部地區(qū)發(fā)展。要繼續(xù)發(fā)揮優(yōu)勢,加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級,進一步發(fā)展外向型經(jīng)濟,有條件的地方要率先基本實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化。東、中、西部地區(qū)要加強多種形式的合作,在協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展中逐步實現(xiàn)共同富裕。國家繼續(xù)采取措施,支持革命老區(qū)加快發(fā)展。
(四)繼續(xù)實施科教興國戰(zhàn)略,堅持走可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路
切實把教育放在優(yōu)先發(fā)展的地位,用更大的精力、更多的財力加快教育事業(yè)發(fā)展。實施新一輪《教育振興行動計劃》,重點加強義務(wù)教育特別是農(nóng)村教育。今年要啟動西部地區(qū)“兩基”攻堅計劃,到2007年使西部地區(qū)基本普及九年義務(wù)教育,基本掃除青壯年文盲,中央財政將為此投入100億元。要完善農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育“以縣為主”的管理體制,中央財政和省、市(地)財政要增加對貧困縣義務(wù)教育的轉(zhuǎn)移支付。繼續(xù)實施第二期農(nóng)村中小學(xué)危房改造,中央財政將投入60億元。中央財政和地方財政還將加大投入,發(fā)展農(nóng)村中小學(xué)現(xiàn)代遠程教育。優(yōu)化教育結(jié)構(gòu),積極穩(wěn)步發(fā)展高等教育,大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育和繼續(xù)教育。各級各類學(xué)校都要全面貫徹黨的教育方針,加強素質(zhì)教育,深化教育改革,提高教育質(zhì)量。規(guī)范和發(fā)展民辦教育。堅決治理教育亂收費,切實減輕學(xué)生家庭負擔(dān)。
今年,要繼續(xù)集中力量完成國家中長期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃的編制,確定未來15年我國科技發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、目標(biāo)、任務(wù)和政策。要推進科技體制改革和機制創(chuàng)新。加快國家創(chuàng)新體系和科技基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),切實加強基礎(chǔ)研究。組織實施一批關(guān)系經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展全局的重大科技項目,促進科學(xué)技術(shù)與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)合,推動高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化。堅持社會科學(xué)和自然科學(xué)并重,充分發(fā)揮哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)在經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展中的重要作用。
認(rèn)真實施人才強國戰(zhàn)略。大力培養(yǎng)、積極引進、合理使用各類人才,為現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供堅強的人才保證和智力支持。
積極實施可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,按照統(tǒng)籌人與自然和諧發(fā)展的要求,做好人口、資源、環(huán)境工作。穩(wěn)定低生育水平,提高出生人口素質(zhì)。完善基層計劃生育基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和服務(wù)體系,切實加強流動人口計劃生育管理。做好老齡人口工作。認(rèn)真實施全國生態(tài)環(huán)境保護和建設(shè)規(guī)劃,實施以生態(tài)建設(shè)為主的林業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。加大執(zhí)法力度,強化生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)管,嚴(yán)格控制主要污染物排放,抓緊解決嚴(yán)重威脅人民群眾健康安全的環(huán)境污染問題。大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟,推行清潔生產(chǎn)。依法保護與合理利用國土資源。重視海洋資源開發(fā)與保護。加強水資源保護和節(jié)約利用。做好防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作。
(五)加快衛(wèi)生文化體育事業(yè)發(fā)展,加強精神文明建設(shè)
發(fā)展衛(wèi)生事業(yè),今年重點抓好三件事。一是加強公共衛(wèi)生體系建設(shè)。力爭用三年時間,基本建成覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)、功能完善的疾病預(yù)防控制和醫(yī)療救治體系,提高應(yīng)對重大傳染病等突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件的能力。要高度重視并采取堅決有力措施,做好非典型肺炎、艾滋病、血吸蟲病等重大傳染病的防治工作。二是改善農(nóng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生條件,做好新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度試點工作。要切實把醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生工作的重點放在農(nóng)村,加強農(nóng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生隊伍建設(shè),逐步改善農(nóng)村缺醫(yī)少藥的狀況。要從各地實際出發(fā),積極穩(wěn)妥地推進新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度試點,逐步建立由政府組織和引導(dǎo),農(nóng)民自愿參加,個人、集體和政府多方籌資,以大病統(tǒng)籌為主的農(nóng)民醫(yī)療互助共濟制度,確保農(nóng)民群眾受益。三是積極推進城鎮(zhèn)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體制改革試點。繼續(xù)改革城鎮(zhèn)職工基本醫(yī)療保險制度、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生和藥品生產(chǎn)流通體制。實行醫(yī)療機構(gòu)分類管理,合理配置和有效使用衛(wèi)生資源,發(fā)展社區(qū)衛(wèi)生事業(yè),改進醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。同時,在城鄉(xiāng)廣泛開展愛國衛(wèi)生運動。
隨著我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會進步,人民群眾的精神文化需求不斷增長,必須把文化建設(shè)擺到更加重要的位置。要大力發(fā)展社會主義先進文化。弘揚以愛國主義精神為核心的民族精神,特別要加強對青少年的思想道德教育。積極開展群眾性精神文明創(chuàng)建活動。加強農(nóng)村、社區(qū)和企業(yè)等基層文化建設(shè)。普及科學(xué)知識,弘揚科學(xué)精神。倡導(dǎo)科學(xué)、健康、文明的生活方式。進一步發(fā)展文學(xué)藝術(shù)、新聞出版和廣播影視業(yè),實施精品戰(zhàn)略,提供更多健康向上、人民群眾喜聞樂見的精神文化產(chǎn)品。抓緊制定文化體制改革總體方案和文化發(fā)展綱要。積極推動文化體制改革和機制創(chuàng)新,加大對公益性文化事業(yè)扶持力度,完善文化產(chǎn)業(yè)政策,發(fā)揮市場機制作用,促進文化事業(yè)和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)共同發(fā)展。搞好文物、檔案工作和自然、文化遺產(chǎn)保護工作。繼續(xù)加強文化市場和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的建設(shè)與管理,堅持不懈地進行“掃黃”“打非”斗爭。積極擴大對外文化交流。廣泛開展全民健身運動,努力提高競技體育水平。繼續(xù)做好2008年北京奧運會和2010年上海世界博覽會的準(zhǔn)備工作。
(六)抓住有利時機,深化經(jīng)濟體制改革
今年,要按照黨的十六屆三中全會決定的部署,有重點有步驟地推進改革,力求在一些重要方面取得新進展。
深化國有資產(chǎn)管理體制和國有企業(yè)改革。抓緊完善國有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理相關(guān)法規(guī)和實施辦法,研究建立國有資本經(jīng)營預(yù)算制度和企業(yè)經(jīng)營業(yè)績考核體系,進一步落實國有資產(chǎn)經(jīng)營責(zé)任。積極推進國有企業(yè)規(guī)范的股份制改造,完善產(chǎn)權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)和法人治理結(jié)構(gòu),推動企業(yè)經(jīng)營機制轉(zhuǎn)換。大力發(fā)展混合所有制經(jīng)濟,逐步使股份制成為公有制的主要實現(xiàn)形式。繼續(xù)做好電信、電力、民航等行業(yè)的改革重組工作,穩(wěn)步推進郵政、鐵路行業(yè)改革。推進市政公用事業(yè)的市場化進程。通過改革和發(fā)展,形成一批核心競爭力強、擁有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)和知名品牌的大公司大企業(yè)集團。繼續(xù)推進集體企業(yè)改革,發(fā)展多種形式的集體經(jīng)濟。
大力發(fā)展和積極引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟。各級政府要抓緊清理和修訂限制非公有制經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的法規(guī)和政策,落實放寬市場準(zhǔn)入的措施。進一步研究制定鼓勵非公有制企業(yè)參與國有企業(yè)改組改造,進入基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、公用事業(yè)及其他行業(yè)和領(lǐng)域的具體辦法。在投融資、稅收、土地使用和對外貿(mào)易等方面,采取措施保障非公有制企業(yè)與其他企業(yè)享受同等待遇。保護非公有制企業(yè)的合法權(quán)益,改進服務(wù)和監(jiān)管,支持和鼓勵有條件的企業(yè)做強做大。加快推進現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)權(quán)制度建設(shè)。
推進金融體制改革。要加快國有獨資商業(yè)銀行改革,重點做好中國銀行和中國建設(shè)銀行股份制改造試點工作。其他商業(yè)銀行和政策性銀行也要深化改革。繼續(xù)搞好農(nóng)村信用社改革試點,總結(jié)經(jīng)驗,逐步擴大范圍。推進資本市場改革開放和穩(wěn)定發(fā)展,擴大企業(yè)債券發(fā)行規(guī)模,逐步提高企業(yè)直接融資比重。繼續(xù)推進保險業(yè)改革,大力發(fā)展保險市場。完善銀行、證券、保險監(jiān)管體制,加強相互配合,強化金融監(jiān)管,維護金融穩(wěn)健運行。
推進財稅體制改革。重點是逐步推行增值稅由生產(chǎn)型改為消費型,將設(shè)備投資納入增值稅抵扣范圍,促進企業(yè)技術(shù)進步,提高自主發(fā)展能力。今年在東北地區(qū)部分行業(yè)先行試點。抓緊制定配套措施,認(rèn)真落實出口退稅機制改革方案。
推進投資體制改革。主要目標(biāo)是:改革政府對企業(yè)投資的管理制度,按照“誰投資、誰決策、誰收益、誰承擔(dān)風(fēng)險”的原則,擴大和落實企業(yè)投資自主權(quán);合理界定政府投資職能,加強政府投資管理,建立政府投資責(zé)任追究制度;健全投資宏觀調(diào)控體系,改進調(diào)控方式,完善調(diào)控手段。經(jīng)過努力,最終建立起市場引導(dǎo)投資、企業(yè)自主決策、銀行獨立審貸、融資方式多樣、中介服務(wù)規(guī)范、宏觀調(diào)控有效的新型投資體制。
加快社會信用體系建設(shè)。抓緊建立企業(yè)和個人信用信息征集體系、信用市場監(jiān)督管理體系和失信懲戒制度。加大整頓和規(guī)范市場秩序的力度,重點是繼續(xù)抓好直接關(guān)系人民群眾身體健康和生命安全的食品、藥品等方面的專項整治。嚴(yán)厲打擊制售假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品、非法傳銷和商業(yè)欺詐行為。加大知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護力度,依法懲處盜版侵權(quán)行為。嚴(yán)厲打擊偷逃騙稅、洗錢和走私等違法犯罪活動。
(七)適應(yīng)新的形勢,提高對外開放水平
我們必須統(tǒng)籌國內(nèi)發(fā)展與對外開放,充分利用國內(nèi)國外兩個市場、兩種資源,拓展發(fā)展空間,積極主動地做好對外開放各項工作,增強參與國際合作和競爭的能力。
努力保持對外貿(mào)易適度增長。要繼續(xù)實施市場多元化戰(zhàn)略,堅持科技興貿(mào),以質(zhì)取勝,優(yōu)化出口商品結(jié)構(gòu),促進加工貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)型升級。加強對外貿(mào)易協(xié)調(diào),努力打破貿(mào)易壁壘,減少貿(mào)易摩擦,為企業(yè)爭取公平貿(mào)易的環(huán)境。深化涉外經(jīng)濟體制改革,落實各類所有制企業(yè)的進出口經(jīng)營自主權(quán)。增加國內(nèi)短缺原材料、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和重大設(shè)備的進口,推進重要物資進口來源多元化。要積極合理利用外資,著力提高利用外資質(zhì)量。繼續(xù)實行鼓勵外商投資的政策措施,進一步改善投資環(huán)境。加快實施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略,加強對境外投資的協(xié)調(diào)和指導(dǎo),鼓勵各類所有制企業(yè)采取多種形式到境外投資興業(yè),拓展國際市場。積極開展多邊、雙邊和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟合作。繼續(xù)認(rèn)真履行加入世貿(mào)組織的各項承諾。
(八)加大就業(yè)和社會保障工作力度,進一步改善人民生活
千方百計增加就業(yè)是政府的重要職責(zé)。今年的預(yù)期目標(biāo)是,新增城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)900萬人,下崗失業(yè)人員再就業(yè)500萬人。繼續(xù)實施積極的就業(yè)政策,特別要把財政、信貸支持和稅費減免等政策真正落到實處。今年中央財政預(yù)算安排再就業(yè)補助資金83億元,比去年增加36億元。要拓展就業(yè)渠道,注重發(fā)展勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)、中小企業(yè)和非公有制經(jīng)濟,推行靈活多樣的就業(yè)方式,鼓勵自主創(chuàng)業(yè)和自謀職業(yè)。要健全再就業(yè)援助制度,政府出資開發(fā)的公益性崗位要優(yōu)先安置就業(yè)困難人員。支持國有大中型企業(yè)通過主輔分離、輔業(yè)改制,分流安置富余人員。要重點做好老工業(yè)基地、資源枯竭城市和獨立工礦區(qū)以及軍工、煤炭、森工等行業(yè)下崗失業(yè)人員的再就業(yè)工作。完善就業(yè)服務(wù)體系,加強就業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)、職業(yè)介紹和就業(yè)指導(dǎo)。今年仍是高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)高峰年,退役軍人安置任務(wù)也很重,要認(rèn)真做好就業(yè)指導(dǎo)和服務(wù)工作。
建立與我國國情相適應(yīng)、與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平相適應(yīng)的社會保障體系,是一項重要而艱巨的任務(wù)。要繼續(xù)做好“兩個確?!惫ぷ?,搞好“三條保障線”的銜接。穩(wěn)步推進國有企業(yè)下崗職工基本生活保障向失業(yè)保險并軌。堅持社會統(tǒng)籌與個人賬戶相結(jié)合,完善職工基本養(yǎng)老保險制度。依法擴大社會保險覆蓋面,加強對各類參保企業(yè)社會保險費的征繳。各級政府要加強執(zhí)法檢查力度。進一步做好城市“低?!惫ぷ?,規(guī)范“低?!睒?biāo)準(zhǔn)和范圍。繼續(xù)多渠道籌集并管好社會保障基金。在總結(jié)遼寧省完善城鎮(zhèn)社會保障體系試點工作的基礎(chǔ)上,將試點范圍擴大到黑龍江和吉林兩省。今年,中央財政安排用于“兩個確?!焙统鞘小暗捅!钡难a助資金779億元,比去年增長11.3%。地方財政也要增加這方面的投入。
對城鄉(xiāng)特殊困難群眾,要給予更多的關(guān)愛。繼續(xù)完善社會救助制度。切實幫助特殊困難家庭解決就醫(yī)看病、子女上學(xué)、住房、冬季取暖等實際困難。完善農(nóng)村“五保戶”生活保障制度,確保供養(yǎng)資金。切實做好農(nóng)村受災(zāi)地區(qū)稅收減免和受災(zāi)群眾生產(chǎn)生活救濟等工作。關(guān)心和支持殘疾人事業(yè)。
抓緊解決城鎮(zhèn)房屋拆遷和農(nóng)村土地征用中存在的問題。在城鎮(zhèn)房屋拆遷中,要嚴(yán)格依據(jù)城市總體規(guī)劃和近期建設(shè)規(guī)劃,合理確定拆遷規(guī)模,規(guī)范審批程序,完善補償安置政策,強化監(jiān)督檢查。在農(nóng)村土地征用中,要嚴(yán)格控制征地規(guī)模,依法按規(guī)劃和程序征地,及時給予農(nóng)民合理補償,切實保護農(nóng)民合法權(quán)益。
切實保障農(nóng)民工工資按時足額支付。當(dāng)前要抓緊解決克扣和拖欠農(nóng)民工工資問題。國務(wù)院決定,用三年時間基本解決建設(shè)領(lǐng)域拖欠工程款和農(nóng)民工工資問題。清欠要從政府投資的工程做起,同時督促各類企業(yè)加快清欠。對拖欠農(nóng)民工工資拒不支付的企業(yè)和經(jīng)營者,要堅決依法查處。要建立健全及時支付農(nóng)民工工資的機制,從源頭上防止新的拖欠。各類企業(yè)都要按時發(fā)放工資,嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行最低工資制度。要保證機關(guān)事業(yè)單位工資和離退休費的按時足額發(fā)放,任何地方都不得出現(xiàn)新的拖欠。要嚴(yán)格工資專戶管理,財政資金要優(yōu)先保證發(fā)放工資。
(九)加強民主法制建設(shè),維護國家安全和社會穩(wěn)定
積極穩(wěn)妥地推進政治體制改革,發(fā)展社會主義民主,健全社會主義法制。進一步擴大基層民主,完善村民自治和城市居民自治,尊重基層和群眾的民主權(quán)利。堅持和完善職工代表大會和其他形式的企事業(yè)單位民主管理制度,保障職工的合法權(quán)益。
繼續(xù)做好民族、宗教、僑務(wù)工作。全面貫徹黨的民族政策,鞏固和發(fā)展平等、團結(jié)、互助的社會主義民族關(guān)系。加大對民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的支持力度,加強少數(shù)民族各類人才培養(yǎng),促進各民族共同繁榮發(fā)展。全面貫徹黨的宗教信仰自由政策,依法管理宗教事務(wù),堅持獨立自主自辦的原則,積極引導(dǎo)宗教與社會主義社會相適應(yīng)。進一步做好海外僑胞和歸僑、僑眷的工作,充分發(fā)揮他們在促進祖國統(tǒng)一和民族振興中的獨特作用。
加強政府立法工作。要重視社會管理和公共服務(wù)方面的立法。重點做好應(yīng)對各種突發(fā)事件、保障農(nóng)民權(quán)益、勞動就業(yè)和社會保障,以及社會事業(yè)發(fā)展方面的立法。要努力提高政府立法工作質(zhì)量。研究擬定涉及人民群眾切身利益的重要法律草案和制定行政法規(guī),要廣泛征求社會各方面的意見。加強律師、公證等法律服務(wù),做好法律援助工作。依法保障婦女、未成年人和殘疾人的合法權(quán)益。加強普法宣傳教育,在全社會營造學(xué)法、懂法、守法的良好環(huán)境。
保障人民群眾安居樂業(yè),是政府應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任。要進一步落實社會治安綜合治理各項措施,推進社會治安防控體系建設(shè)。嚴(yán)厲打擊黑惡勢力犯罪、嚴(yán)重暴力犯罪、多發(fā)性侵財犯罪、毒品犯罪等。加大對突出治安問題和治安混亂地區(qū)的整治力度。完善政法經(jīng)費保障機制,為政法機關(guān)正常開展工作提供必要條件。重視和加強反恐怖斗爭。深入開展同邪教組織的斗爭。正確處理新形勢下人民內(nèi)部矛盾,健全預(yù)防、化解各種矛盾和糾紛的機制,重視做好人民群眾來信來訪工作,維護正常社會秩序和社會穩(wěn)定。
要以對國家和人民高度負責(zé)的精神,切實加強安全工作。強化安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)管,加強安全專項整治,落實安全防范措施,健全安全責(zé)任制。堅決查處各類安全事故,依法追究有關(guān)人員責(zé)任,維護法制和紀(jì)律的嚴(yán)肅性。
加強國防和軍隊現(xiàn)代化建設(shè),是維護國家安全和全面建設(shè)小康社會的重要保障。要按照“政治合格、軍事過硬、作風(fēng)優(yōu)良、紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明、保障有力”的總要求,全面加強部隊建設(shè)。積極推進中國特色軍事變革,努力實現(xiàn)國防和軍隊現(xiàn)代化的跨越式發(fā)展。實施科技強軍戰(zhàn)略,重點加強高新技術(shù)武器裝備研制,培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)新型軍事人才,推進以信息化為主導(dǎo)、機械化為基礎(chǔ)的軍隊現(xiàn)代化建設(shè),提高高技術(shù)條件下的整體防衛(wèi)作戰(zhàn)能力。堅持依法治軍方針,加強正規(guī)化建設(shè)。堅持國防建設(shè)與經(jīng)濟建設(shè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,提高國防建設(shè)整體效益。堅持軍民結(jié)合、寓軍于民的方針,積極推進國防科技工業(yè)改革、調(diào)整和發(fā)展,提高自主創(chuàng)新能力。精心做好軍隊體制編制調(diào)整改革工作,確保完成2005年前裁減軍隊員額20萬等各項任務(wù)。加強后勤建設(shè)和改革,提高后勤保障能力。進一步增強人民武裝警察部隊執(zhí)勤和處置突發(fā)事件的能力。要大力加強國防教育,增強全民國防意識。積極支持國防和軍隊建設(shè),搞好預(yù)備役部隊和民兵建設(shè),建立和完善快速高效的國防動員體制。深入開展雙擁共建活動,加強軍政軍民團結(jié)。
三、加強政府自身建設(shè)
在全面建設(shè)小康社會的進程中,政府擔(dān)負著繁重而艱巨的任務(wù)。各級政府和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部必須適應(yīng)新形勢新任務(wù),不斷提高行政能力和管理水平。一年來,我們按照執(zhí)政為民的要求和建設(shè)法治政府的目標(biāo),突出強調(diào)實行科學(xué)民主決策、堅持依法行政和加強行政監(jiān)督三項基本準(zhǔn)則,并認(rèn)真貫徹執(zhí)行。新的一年,我們要著力抓好以下幾個方面:
第一,推進政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變。各級政府要全面履行職能,在繼續(xù)搞好經(jīng)濟調(diào)節(jié)、加強市場監(jiān)管的同時,更加注重履行社會管理和公共服務(wù)職能。特別要加快建立健全各種突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急機制,提高政府應(yīng)對公共危機的能力。要加快政企分開,進一步把不該由政府管的事交給企業(yè)、社會組織和中介機構(gòu),更大程度地發(fā)揮市場在資源配置中的基礎(chǔ)性作用。同時,加強對中介機構(gòu)的規(guī)范和監(jiān)管。政府該管的事一定要管好,并適應(yīng)新形勢改進管理方式和方法,提高行政效能和工作效率。
第二,堅持科學(xué)民主決策。要進一步完善公眾參與、專家論證和政府決策相結(jié)合的決策機制,保證決策的科學(xué)性和正確性。加快建立和完善重大問題集體決策制度、專家咨詢制度、社會公示和社會聽證制度、決策責(zé)任制度。所有重大決策,都要在深入調(diào)查研究、廣泛聽取意見、進行充分論證的基礎(chǔ)上,由集體討論決定。這要作為政府的一項基本工作制度,長期堅持下去。
第三,全面推行依法行政。各級政府都要按照法定權(quán)限和程序行使權(quán)力、履行職責(zé)。所有政府工作人員都要學(xué)會并善于依法處理經(jīng)濟社會事務(wù)。要改革行政執(zhí)法體制,相對集中行政許可權(quán)和行政處罰權(quán),推進綜合執(zhí)法試點,解決多頭執(zhí)法和亂罰款等問題。要加強行政執(zhí)法監(jiān)督,促進嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法、公正執(zhí)法和文明執(zhí)法。實行執(zhí)法責(zé)任制和執(zhí)法過錯追究制,完善并嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行行政賠償制度,做到有權(quán)必有責(zé)、用權(quán)受監(jiān)督、侵權(quán)要賠償。《中華人民共和國行政許可法》今年7月1日將正式施行,這是規(guī)范政府行為的一部重要法律,各級政府必須認(rèn)真執(zhí)行。
第四,自覺接受人民監(jiān)督。政府的一切權(quán)力都是人民賦予的,必須對人民負責(zé),為人民謀利益,接受人民監(jiān)督。只有人民監(jiān)督政府,政府才不會懈怠。各級政府要自覺接受同級人民代表大會及其常委會的監(jiān)督,接受人民政協(xié)的民主監(jiān)督,認(rèn)真聽取民主黨派、工商聯(lián)、無黨派人士和各人民團體的意見。同時,要接受新聞輿論和社會公眾監(jiān)督;重視人民群眾通過行政復(fù)議、行政訴訟等法定渠道,對政府機關(guān)及其工作人員的監(jiān)督;加強政府系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部監(jiān)督,支持監(jiān)察、審計部門依法獨立履行監(jiān)督職責(zé)。為便于人民群眾知情和監(jiān)督,要建立政務(wù)信息公開制度,增強政府工作的透明度。
第五,加強政風(fēng)建設(shè)和公務(wù)員隊伍建設(shè)。弘揚求真務(wù)實精神,樹立科學(xué)發(fā)展觀和正確的政績觀,是加強政風(fēng)建設(shè)的一項重要內(nèi)容。各級政府辦事情、作決策,都要符合中國現(xiàn)階段國情。必須堅持一切從實際出發(fā),按客觀規(guī)律辦事,既要積極進取,又要量力而行,不盲目攀比;必須堅持辦實事,求實效,珍惜民力,不搞勞民傷財?shù)摹靶蜗蠊こ獭?;必須堅持察實情,講真話,不虛報浮夸;必須堅持統(tǒng)籌兼顧,立足當(dāng)前,著眼長遠,不急功近利;必須堅持改進工作作風(fēng),精簡會議,減少文件,把更多時間和精力用于深入基層,調(diào)查研究。各項工作都要經(jīng)得起實踐、群眾和歷史的檢驗。
公務(wù)員的素質(zhì)決定著政府的管理水平和效率。要建設(shè)一支政治堅定、業(yè)務(wù)精通、清正廉潔、作風(fēng)優(yōu)良的公務(wù)員隊伍。這支隊伍要堅持解放思想,實事求是,與時俱進;牢固樹立執(zhí)政為民的思想,保持同人民群眾的密切聯(lián)系,全心全意為人民服務(wù);遵守憲法和法律,具有依法行政能力;忠于職守,努力學(xué)習(xí),勤奮工作;遵守紀(jì)律和職業(yè)道德,誠信廉明,公道正派,甘于奉獻。各級政府都要從嚴(yán)治政,賞罰分明。要重視和加強公務(wù)員的培訓(xùn)和考核工作。
加強廉政建設(shè)和反腐敗斗爭。要建立教育、制度、監(jiān)督并重的預(yù)防和懲治腐敗體系。堅決查處違紀(jì)違法案件,堅決懲處腐敗分子,堅決糾正損害人民群眾利益的不正之風(fēng)。全體政府工作人員特別是各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部,都要繼續(xù)保持謙虛謹(jǐn)慎、不驕不躁的作風(fēng),繼續(xù)保持艱苦奮斗的作風(fēng)。
各位代表!
維護香港、澳門長期穩(wěn)定和繁榮發(fā)展,是我們堅定不移的目標(biāo)。我們堅持“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針,嚴(yán)格按照香港基本法和澳門基本法辦事,全力支持香港、澳門兩個特別行政區(qū)行政長官和政府依法施政。廣泛團結(jié)港澳地區(qū)各界人士。切實做好內(nèi)地與香港、澳門建立更緊密經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系安排的工作。我們對香港、澳門的前景充滿信心。
我們堅持“和平統(tǒng)一、一國兩制”的基本方針和現(xiàn)階段發(fā)展兩岸關(guān)系、推進祖國和平統(tǒng)一進程的八項主張。我們將積極推進兩岸人員往來和經(jīng)濟、文化交流,促進直接“三通”,依法保護臺灣同胞在大陸的正當(dāng)權(quán)益,繼續(xù)推動在一個中國原則基礎(chǔ)上恢復(fù)兩岸對話和談判。我們將以最大的誠意、盡最大的努力,實現(xiàn)祖國的和平統(tǒng)一。堅決反對任何形式的“臺獨”分裂活動,絕不允許任何人以任何方式把臺灣從中國分割出去。我們堅信,在包括臺灣同胞在內(nèi)的全體中華兒女的不懈努力下,祖國完全統(tǒng)一的共同愿望,一定能夠早日實現(xiàn)!
各位代表!
當(dāng)前,國際形勢繼續(xù)發(fā)生復(fù)雜、深刻的變化。和平與發(fā)展仍然是當(dāng)今時代的主題。世界多極化、經(jīng)濟全球化在曲折中發(fā)展,謀求和平與發(fā)展、促進合作與進步已成為不可阻擋的歷史潮流。但是,單邊主義傾向有新的發(fā)展,局部沖突不斷,國際恐怖主義活動頻繁,南北差距拉大,傳統(tǒng)和非傳統(tǒng)安全問題交織,給各國人民帶來嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。
過去的一年,我們堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策,把握機遇,應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn),主動進取,對外工作成績顯著。我國在國際上贏得了更多的理解、信任、尊重和支持,國際地位和影響力進一步提高。
在新的一年,我們要繼續(xù)高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作的旗幟,堅定不移地奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策,堅持和平共處五項原則,推進與各國的友好交往與合作,努力爭取更好的國際環(huán)境和周邊環(huán)境。
我們要堅持促進世界多極化,倡導(dǎo)國際關(guān)系民主化和發(fā)展模式多樣化,促進經(jīng)濟全球化朝著有利于各國共同繁榮的方向發(fā)展。要堅持互信、互利、平等、協(xié)作的新安全觀,反對霸權(quán)主義和強權(quán)政治,反對一切形式的恐怖主義,繼續(xù)推動建立公正合理的國際政治經(jīng)濟新秩序。
我們要深化同發(fā)展中國家的友好合作,探索合作的新渠道、新形式,支持廣大發(fā)展中國家聯(lián)合自強。
我們要堅持與鄰為善、以鄰為伴的方針,與周邊各國深化睦鄰友好合作,維護地區(qū)和平與穩(wěn)定。
我們要不斷加強同發(fā)達國家的關(guān)系,努力尋求和擴大共同利益的匯合點,通過平等對話與磋商,逐步解決存在的分歧,促進相互關(guān)系的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。
我們要積極拓展多邊外交,在聯(lián)合國和其他國際及區(qū)域組織中發(fā)揮建設(shè)性作用。
中國政府和中國人民將始終站在人類正義事業(yè)的一邊,同各國人民一道,為維護世界和平、促進共同發(fā)展不懈奮斗。
各位代表!
新的一年,政府工作任務(wù)相當(dāng)繁重,我們深感肩負的責(zé)任重大而光榮。全國人民對政府的信任和支持,給了我們無窮的力量和必勝的信心。我們堅信,在以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,高舉鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想偉大旗幟,緊緊依靠全國各族人民,一定能夠克服各種艱難險阻,不斷把改革開放和社會主義現(xiàn)代化事業(yè)推向前進!(中國政府網(wǎng))
第三篇:溫家寶政府工作報告
溫家寶政府工作報告
國務(wù)院總理溫家寶3月5日在十一屆全國人大四次會議上作政府工作報告時說,要更好地滿足人民群眾多層次多樣化文化需求,發(fā)揮文化引導(dǎo)社會、教育人民、推動發(fā)展的功能,增強
民族凝聚力和創(chuàng)造力。
溫家寶指出,加強公民道德建設(shè),在全社會樹立中國特色社會主義的共同理想和信念,加快構(gòu)建傳承中華傳統(tǒng)美德、符合社會主義精神文明要求、適應(yīng)社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的道德和行為規(guī)范。加強誠信體系建設(shè),建立相關(guān)制度和法律法規(guī)。增強公共文化產(chǎn)品供給和服務(wù)能力,重點加強中西部地區(qū)和城鄉(xiāng)基層的文化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),繼續(xù)實施文化惠民工程。扶持公益性文化事業(yè),加強文化遺產(chǎn)保護、利用和傳承。進一步繁榮哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)。發(fā)展新聞出版、廣播影視、文學(xué)藝術(shù)、檔案事業(yè)。加強對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的利用和管理。深化文化體制改革,積極推進經(jīng)營性文化單位轉(zhuǎn)企改制。大力發(fā)展文化產(chǎn)業(yè),培育新型文化業(yè)態(tài),推動文化產(chǎn)業(yè)成為國民經(jīng)濟支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)。大力開展全民健身活動,促進群眾體育和競技體育協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。加強對外
文化體育交流與合作。
《 人民日報 》(2011年03月06日03 版)
第四篇:2010 溫家寶政府工作報告(英文版)
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT
Delivered at the Third Session
of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2010
Wen Jiabao
Premier of the State Council
Fellow Deputies,On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)to provide comments and suggestions.I.Review of Work in 2009
The year 2009 was the most difficult year for our country's economic development since the beginning of the new century.This time last year the global financial crisis was still spreading, and the world economy was in a deep recession.Our economy was severely affected;our exports decreased significantly;a large number of enterprises had operating difficulties, and some even suspended production or closed down;the number of unemployed people increased significantly;many migrant workers had to return to their home villages;and the pace of our economic growth suddenly slowed down.In these unusually difficult circumstances, the people of all our ethnic groups fortified their confidence, tackled difficulties head on, worked tenaciously, and responded calmly to the impact of the global financial crisis under the firm leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Our economy was the first in the world to have made a turnaround, and we made major new achievements in reform and opening up as well as socialist modernization.GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year(here and below).Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7%.Grain production was 530.82 million tons, a new record and an increase for the sixth consecutive year.A total of 11.02 million urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, and the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, up 9.8% and 8.5% respectively in real terms.We took another steady step along the path of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Events again proved that no difficulties or obstacles can impede the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.The past year was truly extraordinary and inspiring.We held a grand celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and raised China's international standing and influence.All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.1.Strengthening and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis.We significantly increased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing.We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic demand, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.We vigorously expanded consumer spending.Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before.The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes.Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles.We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2%;commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1%;and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9% in real terms.Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.We promoted rapid growth in investment.We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment.We implemented a plan to invest an additional 4 trillion yuan over two years.In 2009, the central government's public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year's budget.Of this, 44% was invested in low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;16% in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement;23% in major infrastructure projects;and 14% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Fixed asset investment increased 30.1% nationwide.We further improved the investment structure.Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development.We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work.We have already invested 654.5 billion yuan, 65.5% of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas.Thanks to the government's strong support, the selfless assistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearance, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality.All this fully reflects the boundless love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.2.Vigorously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development.We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, an increase of 21.8%.We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin.We began implementation of the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide.We continued to improve living and working conditions in rural areas.We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1 million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated houses in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families.We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty.As a result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.We intensified industrial restructuring.We formulated and implemented a plan for restructuring and invigorating ten key industries.We encouraged enterprises to accelerate technological upgrading, and provided 20 billion yuan to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects.Further progress was made in mergers and reorganization in key industries.We made great efforts to restrict excess production capacity and redundant development in some industries.We closed down 26.17 million kilowatts of small thermal power stations, and eliminated backward facilities with total production capacity of 16.91 million tons in the steelmaking industry, 21.13 million tons in the iron-smelting industry, 74.16 million tons in the cement industry, and 18.09 million tons in the coke industry.We accelerated the implementation of major national science and technology projects, and spent 151.2 billion yuan of central government funds on science and technology, an increase of 30%.We vigorously supported the widespread use of domestically innovated products, and the development of emerging industries such as clean energy and third-generation mobile communications.We vigorously strengthened infrastructure development;put 5,557 kilometers of newly built railway lines into operation;opened 4,719 kilometers of new expressways to traffic, accelerated urban rail development;and built, renovated or expanded 35 civil airports.We increased the installed power-generating capacity by 89.7 million kilowatts, began supplying gas through the western section of the second line of the project for shipping natural gas from west to east, accelerated construction on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and began reinforcing 6,183 dangerous reservoirs.We made solid progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions and protecting the environment.We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment.We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-conditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs.We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36%.Through combined measures, we brought soil erosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control.We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes, and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry.Over the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38 %, and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased 9.66% and 13.14% respectively.We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our country's targets, policies and measures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.We improved our weather forecasting and early warning, as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.We took new steps in balancing development between regions.We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development, and formulated several major regional development plans and policies.The central and western regions and northeast China accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development.The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased.A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.3.Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically.We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.We accelerated reform in key areas and links.We comprehensively carried out VAT reform.The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fees on them was implemented smoothly, and a new mechanism for pricing them worked well.We made solid progress in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cross-border trade.The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises.We proceeded with the reform of local government departments in an orderly manner, and steadily carried out a trial of reforming institutions by type.We comprehensively launched the reform of tenure in collective forests.We devolved tenure in 100 million hectares of forest land to rural households, equaling 60% of the country's total area of collective forests.This is another major reform of China's rural operation system, and follows in the footsteps of the household land contract responsibility system.We constantly raised the level of the open economy.We introduced policies and measures to stabilize foreign demand, adopted methods that conform to international practices to support export companies, completed the issuance of short-term export credit insurance worth US$ 90 billion, and arranged $42.1 billion of export financing insurance for complete sets of large equipment.We encouraged increases in imports.Since the second half of last year, falls in imports and exports have clearly eased, and we have consolidated our share of international markets.Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion.We reversed the decline in utilized foreign investment, and actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year.More enterprises “went global” in spite of the adverse situation;non-financial outward direct investment amounted to $43.3 billion, and receipts from overseas project contracting operations reached $77.7 billion.We actively participated in international macroeconomic policy dialogue and coordination as well as economic, trade and financial cooperation, and played a constructive role in the joint response to the global financial crisis.4.Striving to improve people's wellbeing and accelerating the development of social programs.In the difficult circumstances of responding to the global financial crisis, we gave greater priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and effectively solved the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.We implemented a more active employment policy.We increased the responsibility of the government for stimulating employment.The central government allocated 42.6 billion yuan in special employment funds, an increase of 59%.For distressed enterprises, we postponed and in some cases reduced their payment of social security contributions.We also reduced or exempted reemployment tax and provided related subsidies to encourage enterprises to maintain or increase their levels of employment.We launched a series of employment service activities, created public-service jobs through multiple channels, and encouraged college graduates to take jobs at the primary level, enlist in the army, or join enterprises and institutions as interns.We provided job training for 21 million urban and rural workers.These measures helped bring about basic employment stability.We accelerated improvements in the social security system.We established a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and introduced a method for transferring pension accounts for workers of urban enterprises, some of whom are rural migrant workers.We launched a pilot project for a new rural pension insurance system in 320 counties-a historic step forward in the development of China's social security system.The central government allocated 290.6 billion yuan in social security funds, an increase of 16.6%.Pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the fifth consecutive year and registered another 10% rise per person.We provided better care for childless and infirm rural residents receiving guarantees of food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses.We increased subsidies for entitled groups and subsistence allowances for both urban and rural recipients.The central government used 55.1 billion yuan to develop low-income housing projects, a two-fold increase over the previous year.We built, renovated or expanded 2 million low-income housing units of various types, and renovated or built 1.3 million housing units in different types of run-down areas.Nationwide, social security funds reached 692.7 billion yuan, an increase of 44.2%.We strengthened the social security system.We made education more equitable.We increased education spending nationwide significantly, including central government spending of 198.1 billion yuan, an increase of 23.6%.We comprehensively implemented the urban and rural compulsory education policy, spent 66.6 billion yuan of central government funds on rural compulsory education, and reached the target of raising public spending for rural secondary and primary school students to an average of 500 yuan and 300 yuan per student respectively a year ahead of schedule.We implemented a performance-based pay system for compulsory education teachers.We started to implement the policy of free tuition for rural students attending secondary vocational schools whose families have financial difficulties and students in such schools who are studying agriculture-related majors.We constantly improved the national student financial aid system, which benefited 28.71 million students and basically ensured that no children from poor families were denied schooling due to financial difficulties.We made steady progress in the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields.We organized the implementation of the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems.The central government spent 127.7 billion yuan on medical and health care, an increase of 49.5 %.A total of 401 million urban workers and non-working urban residents subscribed to basic medical insurance, and coverage of the new type of rural cooperative medical care system reached 830 million people.The central government allocated 42.9 billion yuan to solve the problem of medical insurance for retired workers from closed and bankrupt state-owned enterprises.The basic drug system has been implemented in 30% of primary-level medical and health care institutions.Central government funds were used to support the construction of a number of county-level hospitals, town and township central hospitals, and community health service centers.We launched major public health service projects, including one to increase vaccinations against hepatitis B.We intensified special campaigns for food and drug safety.Faced with the sudden outbreak of influenza A(H1N1), we carried out scientific and orderly prevention and control work in accordance with the law, and thereby effectively protected people's lives and maintained normal order in society.It was not at all easy for our country to make all these achievements against the backdrop of the severe impact of the global financial crisis and the negative growth of the world economy.They were the result of the overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army, and the people of all of our ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all of our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations, and people from all sectors of society.I also express our sincere thanks to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations, and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China's modernization.In the course of the past year, as we conscientiously applied the Scientific Outlook on Development, vigorously responded to the global financial crisis and completed all of our government work, we came to the following conclusions: We must continue to make use of both market mechanisms and macro-control, that is, at the same time as we keep our reforms oriented toward a market economy, let market forces play their basic role in allocating resources, and stimulate the market's vitality, we must make best use of the socialist system's advantages, which enable us to make decisions efficiently, organize effectively, and concentrate resources to accomplish large undertakings.We must balance long-and short-term interests, take into account long-and short-term needs, and address both the symptoms and root causes of problems.We must overcome short-term difficulties and solve major problems as well as strengthen key areas and weak links in order to lay a foundation for long-term development.We must continue to consider domestic and international situations, make it a long-term strategic policy to boost domestic demand, adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up, and quickly formulate a pattern in which domestic demand and foreign demand drive economic growth in concert.We must always remember that developing the economy is inseparable from improving people's wellbeing and safeguarding social fairness and justice;make improving people's wellbeing the focus of development, and the starting point, goal, and lasting driving force of economic development;strive to safeguard fairness and justice;ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development;and promote social harmony and stability.We must give free rein to the initiative of both the central and local authorities.While stressing unity of thinking and keeping overall interests in mind, we also need to encourage everyone to proceed in light of local conditions and make explorations and innovations, in order to form a powerful, concerted force for overcoming present difficulties.All of these experiences are of vital and profound significance for keeping to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, improving our ability to run the socialist market economy, and pushing ahead the process of modernization.II.Main Tasks for 2010
This is a crucial year for continuing to deal with the global financial crisis, maintaining steady and rapid economic development, and accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development.It is also an important year for achieving all the targets of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and laying a solid foundation for development on the basis of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.Although this year's development environment may be better than last year's, we still face a very complex situation.Some positive changes and negative influences are growing while others are diminishing.Short-term and long-term problems are interwoven, domestic and international factors mutually affect each other, and the dilemmas facing economic and social development are increasing.Internationally, the global economy will hopefully turn around.International financial markets are stabilizing, and the overall trend toward increased economic globalization has not changed.Considerable changes and adjustments in the world economic structure will bring new development opportunities.At the same time, many destabilizing factors and uncertainties remain in our external environment.The foundation for global economic recovery remains weak;financial risks have not been completely eliminated;individual countries face difficult choices in phasing out their stimulus policies;larger fluctuations may occur in the prices of major commodities and exchange rates among the major currencies;trade protectionism is clearly reasserting itself;and global problems such as climate change, food security and energy and resource supplies remain complex.Domestically, our country is still in an important period of strategic opportunities.The foundation for economic turnaround is becoming stronger, market confidence has increased, the policy we adopted to boost domestic demand and improve people's wellbeing continues to show results, and enterprises are constantly becoming more competitive and better able to adapt to market changes.Nevertheless, there are still some serious problems affecting economic and social development.There is insufficient internal impetus driving economic growth;our independent innovation capability is not strong;there is still considerable excess production capacity in some industries and it is becoming more difficult to restructure them;while the pressure on employment is constantly growing overall, there is a structural shortage of labor;the foundation for keeping agricultural production and farmers' incomes growing steadily is weak;latent risks in the banking and public finance sectors are increasing;and major problems in the areas of healthcare, education, housing, income distribution and public administration urgently require solutions.We must make a comprehensive and correct judgment of the situation, and we must not interpret the economic turnaround as a fundamental improvement in the economic situation.We need to strengthen our awareness of potential dangers, make full use of favorable conditions and positive factors, strive to resolve problems, make even more thorough preparations to deal with risks and challenges of all kinds, and firmly keep the initiative in our work.To do a good job of our government work this year, we need to conscientiously implement the guiding principles of the Seventeenth National Party Congress and the third and fourth plenary sessions of the Seventeenth Central Committee;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development;strive to apply macro-control appropriately and maintain steady and rapid economic development;work hard to accelerate economic restructuring and the transformation of the pattern of economic development;press ahead with reform and opening up and with independent innovation;strive to improve people's wellbeing and to promote social harmony and stability;make headway with our efforts to encourage socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological development;pick up the pace of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects;and work hard to achieve sound, rapid economic and social development.This year the main targets we have set for economic and social development are: increasing GDP by approximately 8%, creating jobs for more than 9 million people entering the urban workforce, keeping the urban registered unemployment rate no higher than 4.6%, holding the rise in consumer prices to around 3%, and improving the balance of payments.Here I would like to stress that in targeting a GDP increase of around 8%, we are emphasizing sound development, and we need to guide all sectors to focus on transforming the pattern of economic development and restructuring the economy in their work.By targeting an increase in consumer prices of around 3%, we are giving full consideration to the carry-over effects of last year's price changes, the reverberations caused by price changes for major international commodities, the continued impact of increases in domestic supplies of money and credit, and consumers' ability to bear price increases, while also leaving room for reform in resource and environment taxes and fees and in the pricing of resource products.This year we will focus on the following eight areas.1.Exercising better macro-control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development
We need to continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We need to maintain continuity and stability in our policies while constantly making them better-targeted and more flexible as circumstances and conditions change, and keep a good grasp of the intensity, pace and focus of their implementation.We need to skillfully handle the relationship between maintaining steady and rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations.We not only need to maintain sufficient policy intensity and consolidate the momentum of the economic turnaround, but we also need to accelerate economic restructuring and make substantive progress in transforming the pattern of economic development.In addition, we need to manage inflation expectations well and keep the overall level of prices stable.We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.First, we will keep the deficit and government bonds at appropriate levels.This year, we have projected a deficit of 1.05 trillion yuan, which consists of 850 billion yuan in central government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets.These arrangements are based mainly on the consideration that this year revenue will fall significantly short of expenditures.Regarding revenue, last year's one-off measures to increase revenue will either not be repeated or will be decreased.We also need to continue to implement the policy of structural tax reductions;consequently, revenue will not increase very quickly.Regarding expenditures, we will continue to implement the package plan for dealing with the global financial crisis, and increase spending to complete work on projects now under construction, strengthen weak links, carry forward reform, improve people's wellbeing and maintain stability.Second, we will continue to implement the structural tax reduction policy to expand domestic demand and promote economic restructuring.Third, we will improve the structure of expenditures, maintain expenditures in some areas while reducing them in others, and spend our money where it counts the most.We will continue to give preference to agriculture, farmers, and rural areas, and to improving people's wellbeing and developing social programs.We will support energy conservation, environmental protection, independent innovation, and development in underdeveloped areas.We will strictly control regular expenditures, and do all we can to reduce public spending.Fourth, we will effectively improve government debt management, strengthen internal and external restraints, and effectively guard against and fend off latent public finance risks.In addition, we need to strengthen tax collection and supervision as well as supervision of non-tax revenue in accordance with the law, strictly crack down on tax fraud, and collect all due taxes.We will continue to implement a moderately easy monetary policy.First, we will ensure that there are proper and sufficient supplies of money and credit.This year's target for expanding the broad money supply(M2)is around 17%, and we will increase the total quantity of renminbi loans by approximately 7.5 trillion yuan.Although both of these increases are less than the actual increases last year, they are still moderately easy policy goals, and they can satisfy reasonable financial demands of economic and social development.In addition, these goals are beneficial for managing inflation expectations and making financial support for economic development more sustainable.Second, we will improve the credit structure.We will implement a credit policy that guarantees credit in some areas and limits it in others;increase support for important areas and weak links;effectively alleviate the difficulties farmers and small businesses have in obtaining financing;and strictly control loans to industries that are energy-intensive, highly polluting or saddled with overcapacity.We will strengthen post-loan supervision and ensure that loans are used to support the real economy.Third, we will actively expand direct financing.We will improve the system of multilevel capital markets, increase financing by selling equities and issuing bonds, and better satisfy the diverse demand for investment and financing.Fourth, we will strengthen risk management and make financial oversight and supervision more effective.We will explore ways to establish a system of prudent macro management, strengthen the monitoring of the cross-border flow of capital, and guard against all kinds of financial risks.We will continue to improve the mechanism for setting the renminbi exchange rate and keep it basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will energetically expand consumer demand.We will continue to increase farmers' incomes, basic pensions of enterprise retirees, allowances to some entitled groups, subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents, and people's purchasing power, especially low-and middle-income earners.We will strengthen and expand traditional consumption, and promote the upgrading of the consumption structure by actively cultivating areas of high consumption, such as information, tourism, culture, fitness, training, services for the elderly and household services.We will increase consumer credit.We will strengthen infrastructure, such as the logistics system, and vigorously develop e-commerce.We will overhaul and standardize markets to create a convenient, safe and worry-free environment for consumers.We will continue to implement and improve all of our policies and measures for encouraging consumption.We will considerably raise the maximum price limits for home appliances sold in the countryside, increase types of appliances and models eligible for subsidies, expand the scope of subsidies, improve the criteria for qualifying for subsidies and the way subsidies are granted, strengthen supervision and evaluation of enterprises that win bids for contracts, and raise the quality of products and services.We will improve the policies for getting consumers to trade-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and getting rural residents to buy motor vehicles, and set the purchase tax for small-displacement automobiles at 7.5%.We must implement these policies and measures, do meaningful work and do it well, and make sure the benefits reach the people.We will strive to improve the investment structure.Government investment at all levels needs to be concentrated in the most important areas, and the launching of new projects must be strictly controlled.It should be used mainly for carrying on and completing projects, and we need to ensure that projects are not stopped midway.We will steadily move forward with the recovery and reconstruction of quake-hit areas, and make sure quality and quantity targets are met.We will encourage greater non-government investment, and improve and implement policies to achieve this goal.We will strengthen and improve the supervision of investment;strictly enforce market entry standards and industrial policies concerning land use, energy conservation, environmental protection, and safety;and effectively prevent redundant construction.For projects financed through the public treasury, relevant departments need to exercise oversight of the entire course of the project, and we must prevent the construction of image and vanity projects that waste manpower and money in the name of boosting domestic demand.We will adhere to scientific and democratic decision making, and ensure that public funds are spent on projects that promote economic and social development and improve people's lives and that will stand the test of practice and history 2.Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and adjusting and optimizing the economic structure We urgently need to transform the pattern of economic development.We will work hard to put economic development onto the track of endogenous growth driven by innovation.We will continue to promote restructuring and revitalization in key industries.First, we will intensify technological upgrading.We will effectively use funds for technological upgrading to guide enterprises in developing new products, saving energy and reducing resource consumption.Second, we will encourage mergers and reorganization of enterprises.We will break industry monopolies, remove regional blockades, support superior enterprises in acquiring ones in financial difficulties, and close down backward production facilities more quickly.Third, we will comprehensively raise product quality.We will guide enterprises to improve their quality management systems, focusing on brands, standards, service, and performance, and to enhance their sense of social responsibility.We will effectively strengthen the market oversight and credibility systems, and strive to raise the quality of China's products to a new level.We will foster emerging industries of strategic importance.The global financial crisis is hastening the birth of a new technological and industrial revolution.It is of decisive importance for the future of our country that we develop emerging industries of strategic importance and capture the economic, scientific and technological high ground;therefore, we must seize opportunities, identify priorities, and achieve results.We need to vigorously develop new energy sources, new materials, energy conservation, environmental protection, biomedicine, information networks, and high-end manufacturing industries.We will make substantive progress in developing motor vehicles powered by new energy sources and in integrating telecommunications networks, cable television networks, and the Internet, and accelerate R&D in and application of the Internet of Things.We will also increase investment in and policy support for emerging industries of strategic importance.We will further promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.First, we will set up a sound service system for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will promptly revise the criteria for classifying such enterprises, accelerate the development of a public service platform and an information service network for them and bases for small business startups, continue to reduce and streamline administrative examination and approval procedures, and resolutely sort out fees and eliminate unreasonable ones.Second, we will continue to implement the policy of fiscal support for small and medium-sized enterprises.The central government will allocate 10.6 billion yuan to support their development.A preferential income tax policy for small enterprises with low profits will be implemented.Small and medium-sized enterprises will be eligible to receive money from special funds for technological upgrading in the central budget, and local governments should also increase investment in technological upgrading.Third, we will provide better financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will improve the credit assessment system for small enterprises, and encourage the establishment of a loan risk compensation fund for them.We will allow full tax deductions for loan loss reserves for loans to small and medium-sized enterprises.We will develop a multilevel system of credit guarantees for these enterprises, and implement the policy of exempting business tax for qualified credit guarantee agencies serving them and allow those agencies to exempt withdrawals from reserve funds and compensation for losses from taxation.We will expand channels for small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain financing in order to effectively solve their financing problems, especially those of small enterprises.We will accelerate the development of the service sector.We will further raise the development level of the service sector and its proportion of the national economy.We will vigorously develop production-oriented service industries, including finance, logistics, information, R&D, industrial design, commerce, energy conservation, and environmental protection services, and promote the intimate integration of service industries with modern manufacturing industries.We will also develop public utilities, real estate, and property management services, community services and other service industries closely related to people's wellbeing.We will accelerate the development of tourism and expand new types of services.In view of the weak foundation and great potential of the service sector in rural areas, we need to accelerate the establishment of a sound system of rural workplace and consumer services, mainly revolving around production, sales, scientific and technological information, and financial services.We will speed up the establishment of an open, fair, and standardized system for licensing service providers and encourage the participation of non-government capital.We will further improve policies for promoting development in the service sector, and gradually lower the electricity, water, gas, and heat rates for service industries encouraged by the state to the same levels charged to industrial enterprises.We will strive to conserve energy and reduce emissions.First, we will energetically promote energy conservation and raise the efficiency of energy consumption, especially in industry, transportation, and construction.We will make solid progress in the ten major energy conservation projects, the campaign to save energy in 1,000 enterprises, and the project to promote energy-efficient products that benefit the people, and make saving energy a good habit throughout society.We will increase our energy-saving capacity by an equivalent of 80 million tons of standard coal.We will rapidly develop and employ desulphurization equipment for every coal-fired power generating unit.Second, we will strengthen environmental protection.We will work to improve the environment in key watersheds and regions, treat urban sewage and garbage, deal with pollution from non-point agricultural sources, and comprehensively clean up heavy metal pollution.In urban areas, the daily sewage treatment capacity will increase by 15 million cubic meters and the daily garbage disposal capacity will grow by 60,000 tons.Third, we will energetically develop a circular economy and the energy conservation and environmental protection industries.For the circular economy, we will support R&D in technology, demonstrations and applications, and capacity building.We will save energy, water, land and materials.We will comprehensively utilize mineral resources, recycle industrial waste, use by-product heat and pressure to generate electricity, and transform household solid waste into resources.We will rationally develop, utilize, and protect marine resources.Fourth, we will actively respond to climate change.We will improve our ability to adapt to it and ameliorate its effects.We will work hard to develop low-carbon technologies;promote application of highly efficient, energy-conserving technologies;develop new and renewable energies;and intensify development of smart power grids.We will accelerate afforestation, increase forest carbon sinks and expand our forests by at least 5.923 million hectares.We need to energetically build an industrial system and consumption pattern with low carbon emissions.We will participate in international cooperation to address climate change and work for further progress in the global fight against climate change.We will promote balanced economic development between regions.We will continue to develop the western region on a large scale, comprehensively reinvigorate the old industrial bases in northeast China and elsewhere, energize the development of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We will conscientiously implement all plans and policies for promoting regional economic and social development.We will accelerate growth of development priority zones.We will increase support for old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas.We will focus on formulating and implementing policies for economic and social development in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces.When implementing the overall strategy for regional development, we will emphasize exploiting different regions' comparative advantages and making well-targeted efforts to solve major problems arising in the course of development in each region.We will focus on reversing the growing gap in economic and social development between regions, balancing their development better, accelerating the improvement of the public finance system, and making access to basic public services more equal.3.Improving the balance between urban and rural development and strengthening the foundation for the development of agriculture and rural areas
After six consecutive years of increases in grain output and rural incomes, it is vital we sustain our good work in the areas of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.In accordance with the requirements for balancing urban and rural development, we need to make solving problems faced by agriculture, rural areas, and farmers a top priority in all our work;further strengthen our policies to aid agriculture and benefit farmers;coordinate industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural and rural modernization;and consolidate and build upon the good situation in agriculture and rural areas.We will promote the steady development of agriculture and a continuous increase in rural incomes.We will keep grain production stable;expand the total area sown with oilseed;increase supplies of important agricultural products in short supply;implement a large-scale effort to increase the production of grain, cotton, oilseed, and sugar;standardize farming practices in horticulture, animal husbandry, and aquaculture;and ensure the security of the “rice bag”(grain supply)and “vegetable basket”(non-staple food supply).We will continue to provide direct subsidies for grain producers, and increase general subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies and subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties and agricultural machinery and tools.The central government will allocate 133.5 billion yuan for this purpose, a year-on-year increase of 6.04 billion yuan.We will further raise minimum grain purchase prices.The minimum prices of early indica rice, middle-season and late indica rice and japonica rice will be raised by 3 yuan, 5 yuan and 10 yuan per 50 kilograms respectively, and the minimum price of wheat will be raised by 3 yuan per 50 kilograms.We will continue to implement the policy of purchasing and temporarily stockpiling major agricultural products and give farmers more tangible benefits.We will increase fiscal support for major grain-producing, pork-producing, and cattle farming counties.We will vigorously develop the processing industry for agricultural products, promote industrialization in agriculture, support the upgrading and renovation of wholesale markets and markets for farm produce, and promote closer linkage between production and the market.We will help rural residents find jobs or start their own businesses, and increase rural incomes through a variety of channels.We will intensify poverty alleviation and development and work tirelessly to eradicate poverty and backwardness so that rural residents can soon live a prosperous and happy life.We will strengthen agricultural infrastructure.We will continue to give high priority in government spending to supporting agricultural and rural development.In the budget, our priority for fixed asset investment will be agricultural infrastructure and projects that improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and our priority for use of proceeds from the transfer of land-use rights will be developing agricultural land and building rural infrastructure.The central government plans to allocate 818.3 billion yuan for agriculture, farmers, and rural areas, an increase of 93 billion yuan over last year, and local governments at all levels will also increase their investment.We will comprehensively implement the plan to increase grain production by 50 billion kilograms nationwide, with the emphasis on major grain-producing regions.Focusing on water conservancy, we will improve agricultural infrastructure, accelerate related upgrades of large and medium-sized irrigated areas, expand the area in which water-conserving irrigation methods are used, create high-grade cropland, and finish reinforcing dilapidated large, medium-sized, and key small reservoirs.With the focus on breeding improved crop varieties, we will accelerate innovation in agricultural technology and the widespread adoption of scientific and technological advances, and carry out a major science and technology project to create new crop varieties using gene transfer technology.We will move forward with the construction of modern agriculture demonstration sites.We will accelerate the development of public services for extending agricultural technology, preventing and controlling animal and plant diseases, and providing quality oversight of agricultural products in townships, towns and regions.We will deepen rural reform.We will uphold the basic rural operation system;quickly improve relevant laws, regulations and policies;and maintain existing land contract relationships over the long term.We will strengthen supervision of and services for the transfer of contracted land-use rights, and develop diverse large-scale farming operations on the basis of legal, voluntary, and compensated transfers of land-use rights.We will continue to carry out comprehensive rural reform, improve supporting policies for the reform of tenure in collective forests, and launch the reform of state tree farms.We will continue to reform the basic system for the use of grasslands, develop specialized farmer cooperatives, improve the organization of agriculture, more quickly develop small rural financial institutions, actively promote micro-credit loans in rural areas, and improve rural financial services.We will also deepen reforms in township and town government departments.We will balance promoting urbanization and building a new countryside.We will keep to the path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics.We will promote balanced development between towns and large, small and medium-sized cities;increase the overall carrying capacity of cities and towns;ensure that cities stimulate the development of surrounding rural areas;and promote positive interaction between urbanization and the building of a new countryside.We will strengthen county economies, improve infrastructure and environmental protection in county towns and hub towns, guide an orderly flow of nonagricultural industries and rural people to small towns, and encourage returned rural migrant workers to start businesses in their hometowns.When developing urban and rural areas, we must adhere to the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing land use to genuinely safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers.We will carry out reform of the household registration system and relax requirements for household registration in towns and small and medium-sized cities.We will solve employment and living problems rural migrant workers face in cities and towns in a planned and step-by-step manner, and gradually ensure that they receive the same treatment as urban residents in areas such as pay, children's education, healthcare, housing, and social security.We will further increase spending on the development of rural work and living facilities, begin a new round of upgrades of rural power grids, expand the construction of rural methane facilities, provide safe drinking water to another 60 million rural people, carry out the project to build a clean countryside, and improve working and living conditions there.We will allow eligible workers who have left agricultural work to gradually become urban residents, and develop a beautiful rural environment where farmers can live a happy life.4.Fully implementing the strategies of reinvigorating China through science and education and strengthening the nation through human resource development
Education, science, and human resources are the cornerstones of national prosperity and rejuvenation, and are also at the core of overall national strength.We will give high priority to the development of education.For a country to become strong, it must first strengthen education.First-class education is a prerequisite for cultivating high-caliber personnel and building a great country.We will promptly begin to implement the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development.We will focus on the following five areas.First, we will advance education reform.We need to emancipate our minds, boldly make breakthroughs and innovations, encourage experimentation, and carry out a systematic reform of the system for operating schools, curricula, teaching methods, and evaluation systems.We will continue to give top priority to cultivating the integrity of students and vigorously promote well-rounded education.We will explore systems of school management and ways of providing education that are suitable for different types of education and the development of people with different skills, so that we run schools better and turn out better graduates.We will encourage nongovernmental sectors to run schools in order to meet people's diverse demands for education.Second, we will promote the balanced development of compulsory education.On the basis of a rational allocation of resources, we will accelerate the renovation of junior secondary school buildings in the central and western regions.We will also accelerate implementation of the nationwide program for safe primary and secondary school buildings, and ensure that buildings, equipment and teaching staff in all schools reach established standards as soon as possible.We will provide multimedia distance learning facilities for rural primary and secondary schools so that children living in the vast rural and remote areas have access to quality education resources.We will improve preschool education and develop special education schools.We will increase educational support for ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas.Third, we will continue to strengthen vocational education.With the goal of helping students find jobs, we will integrate education resources, improve teaching methods, and focus on nurturing students' employability and entrepreneurial abilities.Fourth, we will reform the management and admissions systems of institutions of higher learning.We will give them more decision-making power, encourage them to adjust their majors and curricula to meet employment needs and the needs of economic and social development;more intimately integrate personnel training, scientific and technological innovation, and academic development;inspire their teachers to concentrate on education;and become high-level universities with their own distinctive features.We will develop a number of first-class universities that produce outstanding personnel.The central government will increase support for the development of higher education in the central and western regions.Fifth, we will improve the ranks of our teachers.We will take a variety of measures to attract outstanding personnel to pursue careers in education and devote their lives to it.We will focus on strengthening training for teachers and principals of rural compulsory education schools, and encourage excellent teachers to teach in impoverished rural areas.We will intensify education to improve the professional ethics of our teachers, and enhance their sense of responsibility and mission.Hundreds of millions of families place their hopes for a better life on education, and education has a direct bearing on the quality of the nation and the future of the country.A country cannot become strong and prosperous if it does not make education universal and improve its quality.We must always keep this in mind.We will vigorously develop science and technology.We need to earnestly implement the policy of independent innovation, and comprehensively build an innovative country.We need to accelerate the implementation of our major science and technology programs.We need to concentrate on making breakthroughs in key scientific and technological problems that can drive the technological revolution forward and promote industrial invigoration, in major scientific and technological problems related to public welfare that can improve people's health and the quality of their lives, and in problems in strategic, high-tech fields that can enhance our country's international competitiveness and safeguard our national security.We will make farsighted arrangements for basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies in the fields of biology, nanoscience, quantum control, information networks, climate change, aerospace and oceanography.We will deepen the reform of the system for managing science and technology;strive to bridge the gap between science and technology and the economy;promote the development of a system of technological innovation in which enterprises play the leading role, the market provides orientation, and the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes are integrated;and promote optimal allocation, open sharing, and highly efficient use of scientific and technological resources.We will vigorously implement the strategy for intellectual property rights and strengthen the creation, application and protection of them.We will further arouse the creativity of scientists, engineers and all of society.We will accelerate the development of human resources.Talented personnel are the primary resources.We need to develop all types of human resources in a coordinated and all-round way, with the focus on producing innovative scientists and engineers, and experts and professionals in key areas of economic and social development, and energetically attract high-caliber personnel from overseas.We will set up a mechanism for diversifying funding for personnel training, so that the government, nongovernmental bodies, employers and employees all do their part.We will make full use of the basic role of market forces in allocating human resources, strive to create an institutional environment conducive to bringing forth talented people in large numbers and tapping their full potential, and make our country rich in human resources.
第五篇:2011年溫家寶政府工作報告全文(范文)
2011年溫家寶政府工作報告全文
[溫家寶]各位代表:現(xiàn)在,我代表國務(wù)院,向大會作政府工作報告,請各位代表審議,并請全國政協(xié)委員提出意見。
一、“十一五”時期國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的回顧
這五年,我國社會生產(chǎn)力、綜合國力顯著提高。我們有效應(yīng)對國際金融危機沖擊,保持經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展,勝利完成“十一五”規(guī)劃的主要目標(biāo)和任務(wù),國民經(jīng)濟邁上新的臺階。
國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達到39.8萬億元,年均增長11.2%,財政收入從3.16萬億元增加到8.31萬億元。載人航天、探月工程、超級計算機等前沿科技實現(xiàn)重大突破。國防和軍隊現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得重大成就。
這五年,各項社會事業(yè)加快發(fā)展、人民生活明顯改善。教育、科技、文化、衛(wèi)生、體育事業(yè)全面進步。城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)5771萬人,轉(zhuǎn)移農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力4500萬人;城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)村居民人均純收入年均分別實際增長9.7%和8.9%;覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的社會保障體系逐步健全。
這些輝煌成就,充分顯示了中國特色社會主義的優(yōu)越性,展現(xiàn)了改革開放的偉大力量,極大增強了全國各族人民的自信心和自豪感,增強了中華民族的凝聚力和向心力,必將激勵我們在新的歷史征程上奮勇前進。
五年來,我們主要做了以下工作:
(一)加強和改善宏觀調(diào)控,促進經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。我們注重把握宏觀調(diào)控的方向、重點和力度,牢牢掌握經(jīng)濟工作的主動權(quán)。
“十一五”前期,針對投資增長過快、貿(mào)易順差過大、流動性過剩,以及結(jié)構(gòu)性、輸入性物價上漲等問題,采取正確的政策措施,有效防止了苗頭性問題演變成趨勢性問題、局部性問題演變成全局性問題。
近兩年,面對百年罕見的國際金融危機沖擊,我們沉著應(yīng)對、科學(xué)決策,果斷實行積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策。堅持實施一攬子計劃,大規(guī)模增加政府支出和實行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅,大范圍實施重點產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興規(guī)劃,大力推進自主創(chuàng)新和加強科技支撐,大幅度提高社會保障水平。
堅持?jǐn)U大內(nèi)需的戰(zhàn)略方針,采取鼓勵消費的一系列政策措施,增加城鄉(xiāng)居民特別是低收入群眾收入,消費規(guī)模持續(xù)擴大,結(jié)構(gòu)不斷升級。實施兩年新增4萬億元的投資計劃,其中,新增中央投資1.18萬億元。
保障性安居工程、農(nóng)村民生工程和社會事業(yè)投資占43.7%,自主創(chuàng)新、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)建設(shè)占15.3%,重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)占23.6%,災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建占14.8%。
政府投資引導(dǎo)帶動社會投資,國內(nèi)需求大幅增加,有效彌補外需缺口,較短時間內(nèi)扭轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟增速下滑趨勢,在世界率先實現(xiàn)回升向好,既戰(zhàn)勝了特殊困難、有力地保障和改善了民生,又為長遠發(fā)展奠定了堅實基礎(chǔ)。
(二)毫不放松地做好“三農(nóng)”工作,鞏固和加強農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。中央財政“三農(nóng)”投入累計近3萬億元,年均增幅超過23%。徹底取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅和各種收費,結(jié)束了農(nóng)民種田交稅的歷史,每年減輕農(nóng)民負擔(dān)超過1335億元。
建立種糧農(nóng)民補貼制度和主產(chǎn)區(qū)利益補償機制,農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)補貼資金去年達到1226億元。對重點糧食品種實行最低收購價和臨時收儲政策,小麥、稻谷最低收購價提高了25%到40%。嚴(yán)格保護耕地。著力推進農(nóng)業(yè)科技進步。
糧食產(chǎn)量屢創(chuàng)歷史新高,去年達到1.09萬億斤,連續(xù)7年增產(chǎn);農(nóng)民人均純收入達到5919元,實現(xiàn)持續(xù)較快增長。農(nóng)村綜合改革穩(wěn)步推進,集體林權(quán)制度改革、國有農(nóng)場管理體制改革全面推開。
農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施加快建設(shè),完成7356座大中型和重點小型水庫除險加固,解決2.15億農(nóng)村人口飲水安全問題,農(nóng)民的日子越過越好,農(nóng)村發(fā)展進入一個新時代。
(三)大力推進經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,提高經(jīng)濟增長質(zhì)量和效益。一是加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和自主創(chuàng)新。積極推進企業(yè)技術(shù)改造和兼并重組,工業(yè)特別是裝備制造業(yè)總體水平和競爭力明顯提高。
戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速成長。加快建設(shè)國家創(chuàng)新體系,實施知識創(chuàng)新工程和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新工程,突破了一批產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展急需的前沿技術(shù)、核心技術(shù)和關(guān)鍵裝備技術(shù),一大批科研成果實現(xiàn)了產(chǎn)業(yè)化。
服務(wù)業(yè)快速發(fā)展,在國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中占比提高2.5個百分點?;A(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)明顯加快,五年建成鐵路新線1.6萬公里,新增公路63.9萬公里,其中高速公路3.3萬公里,新建、改擴建機場33個,新建和加固堤防1.7萬公里。
二是扎實推進節(jié)能減排、生態(tài)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護。提出到2020年我國控制溫室氣體排放行動目標(biāo)和政策措施,制定實施節(jié)能減排綜合性工作方案。大力發(fā)展清潔能源,新增發(fā)電裝機容量4.45億千瓦,其中水電9601萬千瓦、核電384萬千瓦。
關(guān)停小火電機組7210萬千瓦,淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、鋼鐵、水泥、焦炭產(chǎn)能。推進林業(yè)重點生態(tài)工程建設(shè),完成造林2529萬公頃。綜合治理水土流失面積23萬平方公里,加強重點流域水污染防治、大氣污染防治和工業(yè)“三廢”治理。大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟。五年累計,單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降19.1%,化學(xué)需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降12.45%、14.29%。
三是促進區(qū)域經(jīng)濟協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。落實區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略,頒布實施全國主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃,制定西部大開發(fā)新十年指導(dǎo)意見和一系列區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃,推出促進西藏和四省藏區(qū)、新疆等民族地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的新舉措。
中西部和東北地區(qū)發(fā)展加快,經(jīng)濟增速等主要指標(biāo)超過全國平均水平;東部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化,自主創(chuàng)新和競爭力逐步提高;地區(qū)間基本公共服務(wù)差距趨于縮小,各具特色的區(qū)域發(fā)展格局初步形成。
(四)堅定不移深化改革開放,增強經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展內(nèi)在活力。財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度逐步完善,縣級基本財力保障機制初步建立。增值稅轉(zhuǎn)型全面實施,成品油價格和稅費改革順利推進,資源稅改革啟動試點,內(nèi)外資企業(yè)稅制全面統(tǒng)一。
國有大型商業(yè)銀行股份制改革順利完成,政策性金融機構(gòu)改革、農(nóng)村信用社改革積極推進;平穩(wěn)解決上市公司股權(quán)分置問題,創(chuàng)業(yè)板、股指期貨和融資融券順利推出,債券市場穩(wěn)步發(fā)展;深入推進保險業(yè)改革開放;人民幣匯率形成機制改革有序推進,跨境貿(mào)易人民幣結(jié)算試點不斷擴大。國有企業(yè)公司制股份制改革、國有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管體制改革取得積極進展。
郵政體制改革加快推進。制定實施促進中小企業(yè)發(fā)展和民間投資的一系列政策,非公有制經(jīng)濟發(fā)展環(huán)境不斷改善,多種所有制經(jīng)濟共同發(fā)展。
不斷拓展對外開放的廣度和深度。進出口總額年均增長15.9%,結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化。貿(mào)易順差連續(xù)兩年下降,2010年比上年減少6.4%。利用外資水平進一步提高。企業(yè)“走出去”步伐明顯加快,累計對外直接投資2200億美元,對外工程承包和勞務(wù)合作營業(yè)額3352億美元。
積極參與全球經(jīng)濟治理機制改革和區(qū)域合作機制建設(shè),多邊、雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作繼續(xù)深化。對外援助規(guī)模持續(xù)擴大。對外開放有力促進了經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,增加了就業(yè),吸收了先進技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗,大大提高了我國的國際地位。
(五)加快發(fā)展社會事業(yè),切實保障和改善民生。始終堅持經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與社會發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào),圍繞改善民生謀發(fā)展。把就業(yè)放在經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的優(yōu)先位置。加強職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和就業(yè)服務(wù),促進高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移勞動力、城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)困難人員就業(yè),做好退役軍人就業(yè)安置工作。
實施勞動合同法和就業(yè)促進法,普遍提高最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn),推動建立和諧勞動關(guān)系。覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的社會保障體系建設(shè)取得突破性進展,城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險實現(xiàn)省級統(tǒng)籌,實施養(yǎng)老保險關(guān)系跨省轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)辦法,連續(xù)7年提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金水平,年均增長10%,新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險試點覆蓋24%的縣。
積極穩(wěn)妥推進醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革,全面建立城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)療保險制度、新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度,惠及4.32億城鎮(zhèn)職工和城鎮(zhèn)居民、8.35億農(nóng)村居民。
最低生活保障制度實現(xiàn)全覆蓋,城鄉(xiāng)社會救助體系基本建立,社會福利、優(yōu)撫安置、慈善和殘疾人事業(yè)取得新進展。全國社會保障基金積累7810億元,比五年前增加5800多億元。大力實施保障性住房
建設(shè)和棚戶區(qū)改造,使1100萬戶困難家庭住上了新房。我們要持之以恒,努力讓全體人民老有所養(yǎng)、病有所醫(yī)、住有所居。
制定和實施國家中長期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要。五年全國財政教育支出累計4.45萬億元,年均增長22.4%。全面實現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)免費義務(wù)教育,所有適齡兒童都能“不花錢、有學(xué)上”。義務(wù)教育階段教師績效工資制度全面實施。
中等職業(yè)教育對農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟困難家庭、城市低收入家庭和涉農(nóng)專業(yè)的學(xué)生實行免費。加快實施國家助學(xué)制度,財政投入從2006年的18億元增加到2010年的306億元,覆蓋面從高等學(xué)校擴大到中等職業(yè)學(xué)校和普通高中,共資助學(xué)生2130萬名,還為1200多萬名義務(wù)教育寄宿生提供生活補助。
加快農(nóng)村中小學(xué)危房改造和職業(yè)教育基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。全面提高高等教育質(zhì)量和水平,增強高校創(chuàng)新能力。制定并實施國家中長期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要,中央財政科技投入6197億元,年均增長22.7%,取得了一系列重大成果。
大力加強基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)能力建設(shè)。國家財政安排專項資金,改造和新建2.3萬所鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院、1500所縣醫(yī)院、500所縣中醫(yī)院和1000所縣婦幼保健院,建立了2400所社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心。制定并實施國家中長期人才發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要。人口規(guī)劃目標(biāo)順利實現(xiàn)。
文化體制改革取得重要進展。公共文化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)明顯加快,文化產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)和新聞出版、廣播電視、文學(xué)藝術(shù)繁榮進步。城鄉(xiāng)公共體育設(shè)施建設(shè)加快,全民健身活動蔚然成風(fēng)。法制建設(shè)全面推進,“五五”普法順利完成。創(chuàng)新和加強社會管理,社會保持和諧穩(wěn)定。
抗擊汶川特大地震等嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害的斗爭取得重大勝利,汶川災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建三年任務(wù)兩年基本完成,玉樹強烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建有序推進。經(jīng)過災(zāi)難的洗禮,中國人民更加成熟、自信、堅強,中華民族百折不撓、自強不息的偉大精神不可戰(zhàn)勝。(掌聲)
五年來,我們不斷深化行政管理體制改革,加快轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能,全面完成了新一輪政府機構(gòu)改革,深入推進依法行政,建設(shè)法治政府和服務(wù)型政府,推進政務(wù)公開,加強行政問責(zé),堅持不懈地開展反腐敗斗爭,政府自身建設(shè)取得積極進展。
過去年,我們是一步一個腳印走過來的,中國人民有理由為此感到自豪?。ㄕ坡暎┪迥甑某煽儊碇灰住_@是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央總攬全局、正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果,是全黨全國各族人民共同努力奮斗的結(jié)果。
在這里,我代表國務(wù)院,向全國各族人民,向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士,表示誠摯感謝?。ㄕ坡暎┫蛳愀厶貏e行政區(qū)同胞、澳門特別行政區(qū)同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞,表示誠摯感謝?。ㄕ坡暎┫蜿P(guān)心和支持中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友,表示誠摯感謝?。ㄕ坡暎?/p>
我們清醒地認(rèn)識到,我國發(fā)展中不平衡、不協(xié)調(diào)、不可持續(xù)的問題依然突出。主要是:經(jīng)濟增長的資源環(huán)境約束強化,投資與消費關(guān)系失衡,收入分配差距較大,科技創(chuàng)新能力不強,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)仍然薄弱,城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展不協(xié)調(diào),就業(yè)總量壓力和結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾并存,制約科學(xué)發(fā)展的體制機制障礙依然較多;服務(wù)業(yè)增加值和就業(yè)比重、研究與試驗發(fā)展經(jīng)費支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重沒有完成“十一五”規(guī)劃目標(biāo)。
一些群眾反映強烈的問題沒有根本解決,主要是:優(yōu)質(zhì)教育、醫(yī)療資源總量不足、分布不均;物價上漲壓力加大,部分城市房價漲幅過高;違法征地拆遷等引發(fā)的社會矛盾增多;食品安全問題比較突出;一些領(lǐng)域腐敗現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。我們一定要以對國家和人民高度負責(zé)的精神,通過艱苦細致的工作和堅持不懈的努力,加快解決這些問題,讓人民滿意。(掌聲)
回顧“十一五”時期的政府工作,我們進一步加深了以下幾個方面的認(rèn)識和體會。
一是必須堅持科學(xué)發(fā)展。我們戰(zhàn)勝各種嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),靠的是發(fā)展;各領(lǐng)域取得的一切成就和進步,靠的是發(fā)展;解決前進道路上的困難和問題,仍然要靠發(fā)展。
我國仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段,必須堅持以經(jīng)濟建設(shè)為中心,堅持科學(xué)發(fā)展。要以人為本,把保障和改善民生作為一切工作的出發(fā)點和落腳點,堅定不移走共同富裕道路,使發(fā)展成果惠及
全體人民;堅持統(tǒng)籌兼顧,促進城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域、經(jīng)濟社會協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展;加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式,大力推進自主創(chuàng)新,節(jié)約資源和保護環(huán)境,使經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展與人口資源環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào),提高發(fā)展的全面性、協(xié)調(diào)性和可持續(xù)性。
二是必須堅持政府調(diào)控與市場機制有機統(tǒng)一。健全的市場機制,有效的宏觀調(diào)控,都是社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制不可或缺的重要組成部分。市場作用多一些還是政府作用多一些,必須相機抉擇。在應(yīng)對國際金融危機沖擊中,我們加強和改善宏觀調(diào)控,及時糾正市場扭曲,彌補市場失靈,防止經(jīng)濟出現(xiàn)大的起落,實踐證明是完全正確的。
我們必須不斷完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制,充分發(fā)揮市場在資源配置中的基礎(chǔ)性作用,激發(fā)經(jīng)濟的內(nèi)在活力,同時,科學(xué)運用宏觀調(diào)控手段,促進經(jīng)濟長期平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。
三是必須堅持統(tǒng)籌國內(nèi)國際兩個大局。在經(jīng)濟全球化深入發(fā)展和對外開放不斷深化的條件下,我國經(jīng)濟同世界經(jīng)濟的聯(lián)系日益緊密,互動和依存不斷增強。必須樹立世界眼光,加強戰(zhàn)略思維,善于從國際形勢發(fā)展變化中充分把握發(fā)展機遇,穩(wěn)妥應(yīng)對風(fēng)險挑戰(zhàn),利用好國內(nèi)國際兩個市場、兩種資源,統(tǒng)籌處理好國內(nèi)發(fā)展與對外開放關(guān)系,真正做到內(nèi)外兼顧、均衡發(fā)展。
四是必須堅持把改革開放作為經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的根本動力。改革開放是實現(xiàn)國家強盛、人民幸福的必由之路,必須貫穿社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)全過程。我們要以更大的決心和勇氣推進改革,提高改革決策的科學(xué)性,增強改革措施的協(xié)調(diào)性,全面推進經(jīng)濟、政治、文化、社會等各方面改革創(chuàng)新,從根本上破除體制機制障礙,最大限度解放和發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力,促進社會公平正義。
要堅持把改善人民生活作為正確處理改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定關(guān)系的結(jié)合點,把改革的力度、發(fā)展的速度和社會可承受的程度統(tǒng)一起來,以改革促進和諧穩(wěn)定,確保人民安居樂業(yè)、社會安寧有序、國家長治久安。
二、“十二五”時期的主要目標(biāo)和任務(wù)
根據(jù)《中共中央關(guān)于制定國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展第十二個五年規(guī)劃的建議》,我們編制了《國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展第十二個五年規(guī)劃綱要(草案)》,提交大會審議。
“十二五”是全面建設(shè)小康社會的關(guān)鍵時期,是深化改革開放、加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式的攻堅時期。從國際看,世界多極化、經(jīng)濟全球化深入發(fā)展,和平、發(fā)展、合作仍是時代潮流。國際金融危機影響深遠,世界經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)加快調(diào)整,全球經(jīng)濟治理機制深刻變革,科技創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型孕育突破,發(fā)展中國家特別是新興市場國家整體實力步入上升期。
從國內(nèi)看,我國發(fā)展的有利條件和長期向好的趨勢沒有改變,工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、市場化、國際化深入發(fā)展,市場需求潛力巨大,資金供給充裕,科技和教育水平整體提升,勞動力素質(zhì)提高,基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施日益完善,政府宏觀調(diào)控和應(yīng)對重大挑戰(zhàn)的能力明顯增強,社會大局保持穩(wěn)定。綜合判斷國際國內(nèi)形勢,我國發(fā)展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰(zhàn)略機遇期。
我們要高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟,以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo),深入貫徹落實科學(xué)發(fā)展觀,適應(yīng)國內(nèi)外形勢新變化,順應(yīng)各族人民過上更好生活新期待,以科學(xué)發(fā)展為主題,以加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式為主線,深化改革開放,保障和改善民生,鞏固和擴大應(yīng)對國際金融危機沖擊成果,促進經(jīng)濟長期平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展和社會和諧穩(wěn)定,為全面建成小康社會打下具有決定性意義的基礎(chǔ)。
我們要推動經(jīng)濟發(fā)展再上新臺階。今后五年,我國經(jīng)濟增長預(yù)期目標(biāo)是在明顯提高質(zhì)量和效益的基礎(chǔ)上年均增長7%。按2010年價格計算,2015年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值將超過55萬億元。
要繼續(xù)加強和改善宏觀調(diào)控,保持價格總水平基本穩(wěn)定,把短期調(diào)控政策和長期發(fā)展政策結(jié)合起來,堅持實施擴大內(nèi)需戰(zhàn)略,充分挖掘我國內(nèi)需的巨大潛力,加快形成消費、投資、出口協(xié)調(diào)拉動經(jīng)濟增長的新局面。
我們要加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式和調(diào)整經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)。堅持走中國特色新型工業(yè)化道路,推動信息化和工業(yè)化深度融合,改造提升制造業(yè),培育發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。加快發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè),服務(wù)業(yè)增加值在國內(nèi)生 4
產(chǎn)總值中的比重提高4個百分點。積極穩(wěn)妥推進城鎮(zhèn)化,城鎮(zhèn)化率從47.5%提高到51.5%,完善城市化布局和形態(tài),不斷提升城鎮(zhèn)化的質(zhì)量和水平。繼續(xù)加強基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),進一步夯實經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)。
大力發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè),加快社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)。深入實施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略和主體功能區(qū)戰(zhàn)略,逐步實現(xiàn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化。促進城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域良性互動,一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。
我們要大力發(fā)展社會事業(yè)。堅持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育,穩(wěn)步提升全民受教育程度。堅持自主創(chuàng)新、重點跨越、支撐發(fā)展、引領(lǐng)未來的方針,完善科技創(chuàng)新體系和支持政策,著力推進重大科學(xué)技術(shù)突破。研究與試驗發(fā)展經(jīng)費支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重達到2.2%,促進科技成果更好地轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力。適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)需要,加強人才培養(yǎng),努力造就規(guī)模宏大的高素質(zhì)人才隊伍。
大力加強文化建設(shè),推動文化改革發(fā)展實現(xiàn)新跨越,滿足人民群眾不斷增長的精神文化需求。大力發(fā)展體育事業(yè)。進一步深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革,健全基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度,加快實現(xiàn)人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的目標(biāo)。創(chuàng)新社會管理體制機制,加強社會管理法律、體制、能力建設(shè),確保社會既充滿活力又和諧穩(wěn)定。
我們要扎實推進資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境保護。積極應(yīng)對氣候變化。加強資源節(jié)約和管理,提高資源保障能力,加大耕地保護、環(huán)境保護力度,加強生態(tài)建設(shè)和防災(zāi)減災(zāi)體系建設(shè),全面增強可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力。
非化石能源占一次能源消費比重提高到11.4%,單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗和二氧化碳排放分別降低16%和17%,主要污染物排放總量減少8%至10%,森林蓄積量增加6億立方米,森林覆蓋率達到21.66%。切實加強水利基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),推進大江大河重要支流、湖泊和中小河流治理,明顯提高基本農(nóng)田灌溉、水資源有效利用水平和防洪能力。
我們要全面改善人民生活。堅持把增加就業(yè)作為經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的優(yōu)先目標(biāo),為全體勞動者創(chuàng)造公平的就業(yè)機會,五年城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)4500萬人。堅持和完善按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的分配制度,努力實現(xiàn)居民收入增長和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展同步、勞動報酬增長和勞動生產(chǎn)率提高同步,逐步提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重,提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重,加快形成合理的收入分配格局。
城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)村居民人均純收入年均實際增長超過7%。提高扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn),減少貧困人口。加快完善社會保障制度,進一步提高保障水平。城鄉(xiāng)基本養(yǎng)老、基本醫(yī)療保障制度實現(xiàn)全覆蓋,提高并穩(wěn)定城鄉(xiāng)三項基本醫(yī)療保險參保率,政策范圍內(nèi)的醫(yī)?;鹬Ц端教岣叩?0%以上,全國城鎮(zhèn)保障性住房覆蓋面達到20%左右。堅持計劃生育基本國策,逐步完善政策,促進人口長期均衡發(fā)展,人均預(yù)期壽命提高1歲。
我們要全面深化改革開放。更加重視改革頂層設(shè)計和總體規(guī)劃,大力推進經(jīng)濟體制改革,積極穩(wěn)妥地推進政治體制改革,加快推進文化體制、社會體制改革,不斷完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制,擴大社會主義民主,完善社會主義法制,使上層建筑更加適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)發(fā)展變化,為科學(xué)發(fā)展提供有力保障。
堅持和完善基本經(jīng)濟制度,營造各種所有制經(jīng)濟依法平等使用生產(chǎn)要素、公平參與市場競爭、同等受到法律保護的體制環(huán)境。加快財稅金融體制改革,積極構(gòu)建有利于轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式的財稅體制,構(gòu)建組織多元、服務(wù)高效、監(jiān)管審慎、風(fēng)險可控的金融體系。
深化資源性產(chǎn)品價格和環(huán)保收費改革,建立健全能夠靈活反映市場供求關(guān)系、資源稀缺程度和環(huán)境損害成本的資源性產(chǎn)品價格形成機制。實施更加積極主動的開放戰(zhàn)略,培育參與國際合作與競爭新優(yōu)勢,進一步形成互利共贏的開放新格局。
我們要不斷加強政府自身改革建設(shè)。政府的一切權(quán)力都是人民賦予的,必須對人民負責(zé),為人民謀利益,接受人民監(jiān)督;必須最廣泛地動員和組織人民依法管理國家和社會事務(wù),管理經(jīng)濟和文化事業(yè);必須堅持依法治國基本方略,加強維護群眾利益的法規(guī)建設(shè),推進依法行政;必須實行科學(xué)、民主決策,建立健全決策、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督既相互制約又相互協(xié)調(diào)的運行機制,確保權(quán)力正確行使;必須從制度上改變權(quán)力過分集中而又得不到制約的狀況,堅決懲治和預(yù)防腐敗;必須保障人民的民主權(quán)利和合法權(quán)益,維護社會公平正義。
總之,經(jīng)過未來五年努力,實現(xiàn)“十二五”規(guī)劃的各項目標(biāo),我國的綜合國力就會有更大的提升,人民生活就會有更大的改善,國家面貌就會發(fā)生更大的變化。(掌聲)
三、2011年的工作
2011年,是“十二五”開局之年,做好今年的工作對于完成“十二五”各項目標(biāo)任務(wù)至關(guān)重要。過去一年,我們的各項工作取得了很大成績。
國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長10.3%,居民消費價格漲幅控制在3.3%,城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1168萬人,國際收支狀況有所改善。這為做好今年的工作打下了良好基礎(chǔ)。
今年,我國發(fā)展面臨的形勢依然極其復(fù)雜。世界經(jīng)濟將繼續(xù)緩慢復(fù)蘇,但復(fù)蘇的基礎(chǔ)不牢。發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體經(jīng)濟增長乏力,失業(yè)率居高難下,一些國家主權(quán)債務(wù)危機隱患仍未消除,主要發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體進一步推行寬松貨幣政策,全球流動性大量增加,國際大宗商品價格合主要貨幣匯率加劇波動,新興市場資產(chǎn)泡沫和通脹壓力加大,保護主義繼續(xù)升溫,國際市場競爭更加激烈,不穩(wěn)定不確定因素仍然較多。
我國經(jīng)濟運行中一些長期問題和短期問題相互交織,體制性矛盾和結(jié)構(gòu)性問題疊加在一起,加大了宏觀調(diào)控難度。我們要準(zhǔn)確判斷形勢,保持清醒頭腦,增強憂患意識,做好應(yīng)對風(fēng)險的準(zhǔn)備。
今年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)是:國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長8%左右;經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)進一步優(yōu)化;居民消費價格總水平漲幅控制在4%左右;城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)900萬人以上,城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率控制在4.6%以內(nèi);國際收支狀況繼續(xù)改善。
總的考慮是,為轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式創(chuàng)造良好環(huán)境,引導(dǎo)各方面把工作著力點放在加快經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、提高發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益上,放在增加就業(yè)、改善民生、促進社會和諧上。
實現(xiàn)上述目標(biāo),要保持宏觀經(jīng)濟政策的連續(xù)性、穩(wěn)定性,提高針對性、靈活性、有效性,處理好保持經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)、管理通脹預(yù)期的關(guān)系,更加注重穩(wěn)定物價總水平,防止經(jīng)濟出現(xiàn)大的波動。
繼續(xù)實施積極的財政政策。保持適當(dāng)?shù)呢斦嘧趾蛧鴤?guī)模。今年擬安排財政赤字9000億元,其中中央財政赤字7000億元,繼續(xù)代地方發(fā)債2000億元并納入地方預(yù)算,赤字規(guī)模比上年預(yù)算減少1500億元,赤字率下降到2%左右。
要著力優(yōu)化財政支出結(jié)構(gòu),增加“三農(nóng)”、欠發(fā)達地區(qū)、民生、社會事業(yè)、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、科技創(chuàng)新等重點支出;壓縮一般性支出,嚴(yán)格控制黨政機關(guān)辦公樓等樓堂館所建設(shè),出國(境)經(jīng)費、車輛購置及運行費、公務(wù)接待費等支出原則上零增長,切實降低行政成本。
繼續(xù)實行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅。依法加強稅收征管。對地方政府性債務(wù)進行全面審計,實施全口徑監(jiān)管,研究建立規(guī)范的地方政府舉債融資機制。
實施穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。保持合理的社會融資規(guī)模,廣義貨幣增長目標(biāo)為16%。健全宏觀審慎政策框架,綜合運用價格和數(shù)量工具,提高貨幣政策有效性。提高直接融資比重,發(fā)揮好股票、債券、產(chǎn)業(yè)基金等融資工具的作用,更好地滿足多樣化投融資需求。
著力優(yōu)化信貸結(jié)構(gòu),引導(dǎo)商業(yè)銀行加大對重點領(lǐng)域和薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的信貸支持,嚴(yán)格控制對“兩高”行業(yè)和產(chǎn)能過剩行業(yè)貸款。進一步完善人民幣匯率形成機制。密切監(jiān)控跨境資本流動,防范“熱錢”流入。加強儲備資產(chǎn)的投資和風(fēng)險管理,提高投資收益。
今年,重點要做好以下幾方面工作。
(一)保持物價總水平基本穩(wěn)定
當(dāng)前,物價上漲較快,通脹預(yù)期增強,這個問題涉及民生、關(guān)系全局、影響穩(wěn)定。要把穩(wěn)定物價總水平作為宏觀調(diào)控的首要任務(wù),充分發(fā)揮我國主要工業(yè)品總體供大于求、糧食庫存充裕、外匯儲備較多等有利條件,努力消除輸入性、結(jié)構(gòu)性通脹因素的不利影響,消化要素成本上漲壓力,正確引導(dǎo)市場預(yù)期,堅決抑制價格上漲勢頭。
要以經(jīng)濟和法律手段為主,輔之以必要的行政手段,全面加強價格調(diào)控和監(jiān)管。一是有效管理市場流動性,控制物價過快上漲的貨幣條件。把握好政府管理商品和服務(wù)價格的調(diào)整時機、節(jié)奏和力度。
二是大力發(fā)展生產(chǎn),保障主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、基本生活必需品、重要生產(chǎn)資料的生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)。落實“米袋子”省長負責(zé)制和“菜籃子”市長負責(zé)制。
三是加強農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通體系建設(shè),積極開展“農(nóng)超對接”,暢通鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品運輸“綠色通道”。完善重要商品儲備制度和主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品臨時收儲制度,把握好國家儲備吞吐調(diào)控時機,搞好進出口調(diào)節(jié),增強市場調(diào)控能力。
四是加強價格監(jiān)管,維護市場秩序。特別要強化價格執(zhí)法,嚴(yán)肅查處惡意炒作、串通漲價、哄抬價格等不法行為。
五是完善補貼制度,建立健全社會救助和保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與物價上漲掛鉤的聯(lián)動機制,絕不能讓物價上漲影響低收入群眾的正常生活。
(二)進一步擴大內(nèi)需特別是居民消費需求
擴大內(nèi)需是我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的長期戰(zhàn)略方針和基本立足點,也是促進經(jīng)濟均衡發(fā)展的根本途徑和內(nèi)在要求。
積極擴大消費需求。繼續(xù)增加政府用于改善和擴大消費的支出,增加對城鎮(zhèn)低收入居民和農(nóng)民的補貼。繼續(xù)實施家電下鄉(xiāng)和以舊換新政策。
加強農(nóng)村和中小城市商貿(mào)流通、文化體育、旅游、寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。大力促進文化消費、旅游消費和養(yǎng)老消費。推動農(nóng)村商業(yè)連鎖經(jīng)營和統(tǒng)一配送,優(yōu)化城鎮(zhèn)商業(yè)網(wǎng)點布局,積極發(fā)展電子商務(wù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物、地理信息等新型服務(wù)業(yè)態(tài)。
大力整頓和規(guī)范市場秩序,切實維護消費者權(quán)益。深入開展打擊侵犯知識產(chǎn)權(quán)和制售假冒偽劣商品的專項治理行動。
大力優(yōu)化投資結(jié)構(gòu)。認(rèn)真落實國務(wù)院關(guān)于鼓勵引導(dǎo)民間投資新36條,抓緊制定公開透明的市場準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和支持政策,切實放寬市場準(zhǔn)入,真正破除各種有形和無形的壁壘,鼓勵和引導(dǎo)民間資本進入基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、市政公用事業(yè)、社會事業(yè)、金融服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域,推動民營企業(yè)加強自主創(chuàng)新和轉(zhuǎn)型升級,鼓勵和引導(dǎo)民間資本重組聯(lián)合和參與國有企業(yè)改革,加強對民間投資的服務(wù)、指導(dǎo)和規(guī)范管理,促進社會投資穩(wěn)定增長和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。
充分發(fā)揮政府投資對結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的引導(dǎo)作用,優(yōu)先保證重點在建、續(xù)建項目的資金需求,有序啟動“十二五”規(guī)劃重大項目建設(shè)。防止盲目投資和重復(fù)建設(shè)。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行投資項目用地、節(jié)能、環(huán)保、安全等準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn),提高投資質(zhì)量和效益。
(三)鞏固和加強農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)地位
堅持把“三農(nóng)”工作放在重中之重,在工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化深入發(fā)展中同步推進農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化,鞏固和發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村好形勢。
確保農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給,多渠道增加農(nóng)民收入。要把保障糧食安全作為首要目標(biāo),毫不放松地抓好農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。穩(wěn)定糧食種植面積,支持優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)區(qū)生產(chǎn)棉花、油料、糖料等大宗產(chǎn)品。
大力發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)、漁業(yè)、林業(yè)。切實抓好新一輪“菜籃子”工程建設(shè),大中城市郊區(qū)要有基本的菜地面積和生鮮食品供給能力。強化農(nóng)業(yè)科技支撐,發(fā)展壯大農(nóng)作物種業(yè),大規(guī)模開展高產(chǎn)創(chuàng)建。
繼續(xù)實施糧食最低收購價政策,今年小麥最低收購價每50公斤提高5到7元,水稻最低收購價每50公斤提高9到23元。大力發(fā)展農(nóng)村非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè),壯大縣域經(jīng)濟,提高農(nóng)民職業(yè)技能和創(chuàng)業(yè)、創(chuàng)收能力,促進農(nóng)民就地就近轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)。提高扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn),加大扶貧開發(fā)力度。
大興水利,全面加強農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。重點加強農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)、中小河流治理、小型水庫和病險水閘除險加固以及山洪地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治。
完善排灌設(shè)施,發(fā)展節(jié)水灌溉,加固河流堤防,搞好清瘀疏浚,消除水庫隱患,擴大防洪庫容。通過幾年努力,全面提高防汛抗旱、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力。
大力推進農(nóng)村土地開發(fā)整理,大規(guī)模建設(shè)旱澇保收高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田,加快全國新增千億斤糧食生產(chǎn)能力建設(shè)。加強農(nóng)村水電路氣房建設(shè),大力改善農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活條件,努力為農(nóng)民建設(shè)美好家園。
加大“三農(nóng)”投入,完善強農(nóng)惠農(nóng)政策。財政支出重點向農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村傾斜,確保用于農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村的總量、增量均有提高;預(yù)算內(nèi)固定資產(chǎn)投資重點用于農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),確??偭亢捅戎剡M一步提高;土地出讓收益重點投向農(nóng)業(yè)土地開發(fā)、農(nóng)田水利和農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),確保足額提取、定向使用。
今年中央財政用于“三農(nóng)”的投入擬安排9884.5億元,比上年增加1304.8億元。繼續(xù)增加對農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)補貼,新增補貼重點向主產(chǎn)區(qū)、重點品種、專業(yè)大戶、農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作組織傾斜。
增加中央財政對糧食、油料、生豬調(diào)出大縣的一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付,擴大獎勵補助規(guī)模和范圍。引導(dǎo)金融機構(gòu)增加涉農(nóng)信貸投放,確保涉農(nóng)貸款增量占比不低于上年。
加大政策性金融對“三農(nóng)”的支持力度。健全政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險制度,建立農(nóng)業(yè)再保險和巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險分散機制。
深化農(nóng)村改革,增強農(nóng)村發(fā)展活力。堅持和完善農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營制度,健全覆蓋耕地、林地、草原等家庭承包經(jīng)營制度。有序推進農(nóng)村土地管理制度改革。探索建立耕地保護補償機制。
繼續(xù)推進農(nóng)村綜合改革。全面實施村級公益事業(yè)建設(shè)一事一議財政獎補,大幅增加獎補資金規(guī)模。加快發(fā)展農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作組織和農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務(wù)體系,提高農(nóng)業(yè)組織化程度。
年底前,在全國普遍建立健全鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)或區(qū)域性農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣、動植物疫病防控、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)管等公共服務(wù)機構(gòu)。
解決13億中國人的吃飯問題始終是頭等大事,任何時候都不能掉以輕心。我們有信心也有能力辦好這件大事。(掌聲)
(四)加快推進經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整
這是轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式的主攻方向。要推動經(jīng)濟盡快走上內(nèi)生增長、創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動的軌道。
調(diào)整優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。加快構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系,推動產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級。一是改造提升制造業(yè)。加大企業(yè)技術(shù)改造力度,重點增強新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)能力和品牌創(chuàng)建能力,提高能源資源綜合利用水平、技術(shù)工藝系統(tǒng)集成水平,提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、技術(shù)含量和附加值。
推動重點行業(yè)企業(yè)跨地區(qū)兼并重組。完善落后產(chǎn)能退出機制和配套政策。
二是加快培育發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。積極發(fā)展新一代信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè),建設(shè)高性能寬帶信息網(wǎng),加快實現(xiàn)“三網(wǎng)融合”,促進物聯(lián)網(wǎng)示范應(yīng)用。大力推動節(jié)能環(huán)保、新能源、生物、高端裝備制造、新材料、新能源汽車等產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。
要抓緊制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),完善政策,加強創(chuàng)新能力建設(shè),發(fā)揮科技型中小企業(yè)作用,促進戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展,加快形成生產(chǎn)能力和核心競爭力。
三是大力發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)。加快發(fā)展生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè),積極發(fā)展生活性服務(wù)業(yè)。大力發(fā)展和提升軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)。
著力營造有利于服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的市場環(huán)境,加快完善促進服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的政策體系。盡快實現(xiàn)鼓勵類服務(wù)業(yè)用電、用水、用氣、用熱與工業(yè)基本同價。
四是加強現(xiàn)代能源產(chǎn)業(yè)和綜合運輸體系建設(shè)。積極推動能源生產(chǎn)和利用方式變革,提高能源利用效率。推進傳統(tǒng)能源清潔利用,加強智能電網(wǎng)建設(shè),大力發(fā)展清潔能源。
統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展、加快構(gòu)建便捷、安全、高效的綜合運輸體系。堅持陸海統(tǒng)籌,推進海洋經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。
促進區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。全面落實各項區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃。堅持把實施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略放在區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略的優(yōu)先位置,認(rèn)真落實西部大開發(fā)新十年的政策措施和促進西藏、新疆等地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的各項舉措。
全面振興東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地,繼續(xù)推進資源型城市轉(zhuǎn)型。大力促進中部地區(qū)崛起,進一步發(fā)揮承東啟西的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢。積極支持東部地區(qū)率先發(fā)展,在體制機制創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變上走在全國前列。
更好發(fā)揮深圳等經(jīng)濟特區(qū)、上海浦東新區(qū)、天津濱海新區(qū)在改革開放中先行先試的作用。加大力度支持革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)發(fā)展,頒布實施2011-2020年中國農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)綱要,啟動集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)扶貧開發(fā)攻堅工程,加快貧困地區(qū)脫貧致富步伐。
積極穩(wěn)妥推進城鎮(zhèn)化。堅持走中國特色城鎮(zhèn)化道路,遵循城市發(fā)展規(guī)律,促進城鎮(zhèn)化健康發(fā)展。堅持科學(xué)規(guī)劃,嚴(yán)格管理。加強城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè),增強城鎮(zhèn)綜合承載能力,提高管理和服務(wù)水平。
因地制宜,分步推進,把有穩(wěn)定勞動關(guān)系并在城鎮(zhèn)居住一定年限的農(nóng)民工,逐步轉(zhuǎn)為城鎮(zhèn)居民。對暫不具備落戶條件的農(nóng)民工,要解決好他們在勞動報酬、子女就學(xué)、公共衛(wèi)生、住房租賃、社會保障等方面的實際問題。
要充分尊重農(nóng)民在進城和留鄉(xiāng)問題上的自主選擇權(quán),切實保護農(nóng)民承包地、宅基地等合法權(quán)益。城鎮(zhèn)化要同農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和新農(nóng)村建設(shè)相互促進,這是必須堅持的正確方向。(掌聲)
加強節(jié)能環(huán)保和生態(tài)建設(shè),積極應(yīng)對氣候變化。突出抓好工業(yè)、建筑、交通運輸、公共機構(gòu)等領(lǐng)域節(jié)能。繼續(xù)實施重點節(jié)能工程。大力開展工業(yè)節(jié)能,推廣節(jié)能技術(shù),運用節(jié)能設(shè)備,提高能源利用效率。
加大既有建筑節(jié)能改造投入,積極推進新建建筑節(jié)能。大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟。推進低碳城市試點。加強適應(yīng)氣候變化特別是應(yīng)對極端氣候事件能力建設(shè)。
建立完善溫室氣體排放和節(jié)能減排統(tǒng)計監(jiān)測制度。加快城鎮(zhèn)污水管網(wǎng)、垃圾處理設(shè)施的規(guī)劃和建設(shè),推廣污水處理回用。啟動燃煤電廠脫硝工作,深化顆粒物污染防治。加強海洋污染治理。
加快重點流域水污染治理、大氣污染治理、重點地區(qū)重金屬污染治理和農(nóng)村環(huán)境綜合整治,控制農(nóng)村面源污染。繼續(xù)實施重大生態(tài)修復(fù)工程,加強重點生態(tài)功能區(qū)保護和管理,實施天然林資源保護二期工程,落實草原生態(tài)保護補助獎勵政策,鞏固退耕還林還草、退牧還草等成果,大力開展植樹造林,加強濕地保護與恢復(fù),推進荒漠化、石漠化綜合治理。
完善防災(zāi)減災(zāi)應(yīng)急預(yù)案,加快山洪地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)區(qū)調(diào)查評價、監(jiān)測預(yù)警、防治應(yīng)急等體制建設(shè)。
(五)大力實施科教興國戰(zhàn)略和人才強國戰(zhàn)略
科技、教育和人才是國家發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)和根本,必須始終放在重要的戰(zhàn)略位置。
堅持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育。推動教育事業(yè)科學(xué)發(fā)展,為人們提供更加多樣、更加公平、更高質(zhì)量的教育。2012年財政性教育經(jīng)費支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重達到4%。
加快發(fā)展學(xué)前教育。公辦民辦并舉,增加學(xué)前教育資源,抓緊解決“入園難”問題。促進義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展。加強義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)校標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè),公共資源配置重點向農(nóng)村和城市薄弱學(xué)校傾斜。
以流入地政府和公辦學(xué)校為主,切實保障農(nóng)民工隨遷子女平等接受義務(wù)教育。支持民族地區(qū)教育發(fā)展,做好“雙語”教學(xué)工作。
全面推進素質(zhì)教育。加快教育改革,切實減輕中小學(xué)生過重課業(yè)負擔(dān),注重引導(dǎo)和培養(yǎng)孩子們獨立思考、實踐創(chuàng)新能力。保證中小學(xué)生每天一小時校園體育活動。
大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育。引導(dǎo)高中階段學(xué)校和高等學(xué)校辦出特色,提高教育質(zhì)量,增強學(xué)生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)能力。加強重點學(xué)科建設(shè),加快建設(shè)一批世界一流大學(xué)。
支持特殊教育發(fā)展。落實和完善國家助學(xué)制度,無論哪個教育階段,都要確保每個孩子不因家庭經(jīng)濟困難而失學(xué)。(掌聲)
全面加強人才工作。以高層次和高技能人才為重點,加快培養(yǎng)造就一大批創(chuàng)新型科技人才和急需緊缺人才。加大人才開發(fā)投入,推進重大人才工程。深化選人用人制度改革,努力營造平等公開、競爭擇優(yōu)的制度和社會環(huán)境,激勵優(yōu)秀人才脫穎而出,創(chuàng)造人盡其才的良好局面。大力推進科技創(chuàng)新。加快實施國家科技重大專項,突破一批核心關(guān)鍵技術(shù),提升重大集成創(chuàng)新能力。加強基礎(chǔ)研究、前沿技術(shù)研究,增強原始創(chuàng)新能力。推動建立企業(yè)主導(dǎo)技術(shù)研發(fā)創(chuàng)新的體制機制。鼓勵企業(yè)共同出資開展關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)研發(fā),共擔(dān)風(fēng)險、共享成果,對符合國家戰(zhàn)略方向的項目,政府要從政策和資金上給予支持。
深化科技管理體制改革,促進科技資源優(yōu)化配置、高效利用和開放共享。激勵科研院所、高等學(xué)校和廣大科技人員以多種形式與企業(yè)合作。保持財政科技投入穩(wěn)定增長,提高科研經(jīng)費使用效率。堅定不移地實施國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略,提升知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的創(chuàng)造、應(yīng)用、保護、管理能力,激發(fā)全社會創(chuàng)新活力。
(六)加強社會建設(shè)和保障改善民生
經(jīng)濟越發(fā)展,越要重視加強社會建設(shè)和保障改善民生。
千方百計擴大就業(yè)。繼續(xù)實施更加積極的就業(yè)政策。今年中央財政擬投入423億元,用于扶助和促進就業(yè)。要適應(yīng)我國勞動力結(jié)構(gòu)特點,大力發(fā)展勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)、小型微型企業(yè)和創(chuàng)新型科技企業(yè),努力滿足不同層次的就業(yè)需求。
繼續(xù)把高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)放在首位,做好重點人群就業(yè)工作。加強職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn),鼓勵自主創(chuàng)業(yè)。
加強公共就業(yè)服務(wù),健全統(tǒng)一規(guī)范靈活的人力資源市場。加快就業(yè)信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè),實現(xiàn)全國互聯(lián)互通。加強勞動保障監(jiān)察執(zhí)法,完善勞動爭議處理機制,依法維護勞動者權(quán)益,構(gòu)建和諧勞動關(guān)系。
合理調(diào)整收入分配關(guān)系。這既是一項長期任務(wù),也是當(dāng)前的緊迫工作。今年重點采取三方面措施:一是著力提高城鄉(xiāng)低收入群眾的基本收入。
穩(wěn)步提高職工最低工資、企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金和城鄉(xiāng)居民最低生活保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。建立健全職工工資正常增長機制,嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行最低工資制度。
二是加大收入分配調(diào)節(jié)力度。提高個人所得稅工薪所得費用扣除標(biāo)準(zhǔn),合理調(diào)整稅率結(jié)構(gòu),切實減輕中低收入者稅收負擔(dān)。
有效調(diào)節(jié)過高收入,加強對收入過高行業(yè)工資總額和工資水平的雙重調(diào)控,嚴(yán)格規(guī)范國有企業(yè)、金融機構(gòu)高管人員薪酬管理。
三是大力整頓和規(guī)范收入分配秩序。堅決取締非法收入。加快建立收入分配監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。通過持續(xù)不斷的努力,盡快扭轉(zhuǎn)收入分配差距擴大趨勢,努力使廣大人民群眾更多分享改革發(fā)展成果。(掌聲)
加快健全覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的社會保障體系。將新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險試點范圍擴大到全國40%的縣。推進城鎮(zhèn)居民養(yǎng)老保險試點,解決集體企業(yè)退休人員養(yǎng)老保障的歷史遺留問題,建立企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金正常調(diào)整機制。
積極推進機關(guān)和事業(yè)單位養(yǎng)老保險制度改革。將國有企業(yè)、集體企業(yè)“老工傷”人員納入工傷保險制度。完善城鄉(xiāng)低保制度。繼續(xù)多渠道增加社會保障基金。將孤兒養(yǎng)育、教育和殘疾孤兒康復(fù)等納入財政保障范圍。繼續(xù)推進殘疾人社會保障體系和服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。
加快推進社會保障管理信息化。發(fā)揮商業(yè)保險在完善社會保障體系中的作用。大力發(fā)展慈善事業(yè)。
堅定不移地搞好房地產(chǎn)市場調(diào)控。加快健全房地產(chǎn)市場調(diào)控的長效機制,重點解決城鎮(zhèn)中低收入家庭住房困難,切實穩(wěn)定房地產(chǎn)市場價格,滿足居民合理住房需求。
一是進一步擴大保障性住房建設(shè)規(guī)模。今年要再開工建設(shè)保障性住房、棚戶區(qū)改造住房共1000萬套,改造農(nóng)村危房150萬戶。
重點發(fā)展公共租賃住房。中央財政預(yù)算擬安排補助資金1030億元,比上年增加265億元。各級政府要多渠道籌集資金,大幅度增加投入。
抓緊建立保障性住房使用、運營、退出等管理制度,提高透明度,加強社會監(jiān)督,保證符合條件的家庭受益。
二是進一步落實和完善房地產(chǎn)市場調(diào)控政策,堅決遏制部分城市房價過快上漲勢頭。制定并向社會公布住房建設(shè)計劃,在新增建設(shè)用地計劃中,單列保障性住房用地,做到應(yīng)保盡保。
重點增加中小套型普通商品住房建設(shè)。規(guī)范發(fā)展住房租賃市場。嚴(yán)格落實差別化住房信貸、稅收政策,調(diào)整完善房地產(chǎn)相關(guān)稅收政策,加強稅收征管,有效遏制投機投資性購房。加強房地產(chǎn)市場監(jiān)測和市場行為監(jiān)管,嚴(yán)厲查處各類違法違規(guī)行為。
三是建立健全考核問責(zé)機制。穩(wěn)定房價和住房保障工作實行省級人民政府負總責(zé),市縣人民政府負直接責(zé)任。有關(guān)部門要加快完善巡查、考評、約談和問責(zé)制度,對穩(wěn)定房價、推進保障性住房建設(shè)工作不力,從而影響社會發(fā)展和穩(wěn)定的地方,要追究責(zé)任。(掌聲)
推進醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展。今年是醫(yī)改三年實施方案的攻堅年,要確保完成各項目標(biāo)任務(wù)。
一是在基層全面實施國家基本藥物制度。建立完善基本藥物保障供應(yīng)體系,加強藥品監(jiān)管,確保用藥安全,切實降低藥價。
二是抓好公立醫(yī)院改革試點。鼓勵各地在醫(yī)院管理體制、醫(yī)療服務(wù)價格形成機制和監(jiān)管機制等方面大膽探索。完善醫(yī)療糾紛調(diào)處機制,改善醫(yī)患關(guān)系。
三是提高基本醫(yī)療保障水平。穩(wěn)定提高城鎮(zhèn)職工、居民醫(yī)保參保率和新農(nóng)合參合率。今年要把新農(nóng)合和城鎮(zhèn)居民醫(yī)保財政補助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到200元。
四是完成農(nóng)村三級衛(wèi)生服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和城市社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)機構(gòu)建設(shè)任務(wù)。今年全國人均基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)經(jīng)費標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到25元。加強重大傳染病、慢性病、職業(yè)病、地方病和精神疾病的預(yù)防控制和規(guī)范管理。加強婦幼保健工作,繼續(xù)推進適齡婦女宮頸癌、乳腺癌免費檢查和救治保障試點。認(rèn)真做好艾滋病防治工作。大力發(fā)展中醫(yī)藥和民族醫(yī)藥事業(yè),落實各項扶持政策。
五是鼓勵社會資本舉辦醫(yī)療機構(gòu)。放寬社會資本和外資舉辦醫(yī)療機構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)入范圍。完善和推進醫(yī)生多點執(zhí)業(yè)制度,鼓勵醫(yī)生在各類醫(yī)療機構(gòu)之間合理流動和在基層開設(shè)診所,為人民群眾提供便捷的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。全面做好人口和計劃生育工作。繼續(xù)穩(wěn)定低生育水平。做好流動人口計劃生育服務(wù)管理工作。加強出生缺陷干預(yù),進一步擴大免費孕前優(yōu)生健康檢查試點,做好孕產(chǎn)婦和嬰幼兒保健工作。農(nóng)村婦女住院分娩率達到95%以上。實施新一輪婦女兒童發(fā)展綱要,切實保護婦女和未成年人權(quán)益。加快建立健全老年人社會服務(wù)體系,加強公益性養(yǎng)老服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)。
加強和創(chuàng)新社會管理。強化政府社會管理職能,廣泛動員和組織群眾依法參與社會管理,發(fā)揮社會組織的積極作用,完善社會管理格局。以城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)為載體,以居民需求為導(dǎo)向,整合人口、就業(yè)、社保、民政、衛(wèi)生、文化等社會管理職能和服務(wù)資源,實現(xiàn)政府行政管理與基層群眾自治有效銜接和良性互動。
以城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)為載體,以居民需求為導(dǎo)向,整合人口、就業(yè)、社保、民政、衛(wèi)生、文化等社會管理職能和服務(wù)資源,實現(xiàn)政府行政管理與基層群眾自治有效銜接和良性互動。
加快建立健全維護群眾權(quán)益機制、行政決策風(fēng)險評估和糾錯機制,加強信訪、人民調(diào)解、行政調(diào)解工作,拓寬社情民意表達渠道,切實解決亂占耕地、違法拆遷等群眾反映強烈的問題。
加強和完善公共安全體系。健全突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急體制,提高全社會危機管理和抗風(fēng)險能力。加強信息安全和保密工作,完善信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理。
加強社會治安綜合治理,嚴(yán)密防范、依法打擊各類違法犯罪活動。落實企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量主體責(zé)任,堅決遏制重特大安全生產(chǎn)事故。完善食品安全監(jiān)管體制機制,健全法制,嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn),完善監(jiān)測評估、檢驗檢測體系,強化地方政府監(jiān)管責(zé)任,加強監(jiān)管執(zhí)法,全面提高食品安全保障水平。
各級政府一定要把社會管理和公共服務(wù)擺到更加重要的位置,切實解決人民群眾最關(guān)心最直接最現(xiàn)實的利益問題。
(七)大力發(fā)展文化建設(shè)
文化對民族和國家的影響更深刻、更久遠。要更好地滿足人民群眾多層次多樣化文化需求,發(fā)揮文化引導(dǎo)社會、教育人民、推動發(fā)展的功能,增強民族凝聚力和創(chuàng)造力。
加強公民道德建設(shè),在全社會樹立中國特色社會主義的共同理想和信念,加快構(gòu)建傳承中華傳統(tǒng)美德、符合社會主義精神文明要求、適應(yīng)社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的道德和行為規(guī)范。
加強誠信體系建設(shè),建立相關(guān)制度和法律法規(guī)。增強公共文化產(chǎn)品供給和服務(wù)能力,重點加強中西部地區(qū)和城鄉(xiāng)基層的文化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),繼續(xù)實施文化惠民工程。
扶持公益性文化事業(yè),加強文化遺產(chǎn)保護、利用和傳承。進一步繁榮哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)。發(fā)展新聞出版、廣播影視、文學(xué)藝術(shù)、檔案事業(yè)。
加強對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的利用和管理。深化文化體制改革,積極推進經(jīng)營性文化單位轉(zhuǎn)企改制。大力發(fā)展文化產(chǎn)業(yè),培育新型文化業(yè)態(tài),推動文化產(chǎn)業(yè)成為國民經(jīng)濟支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)。
大力開展全民健身活動,促進群眾體育和競技體育協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。加強對外文化體育交流與合作,不斷擴大中華文化國際影響力,讓博大精深的中華文化再展輝煌。(掌聲)
(八)深入推進重點領(lǐng)域改革
繼續(xù)推進國有經(jīng)濟戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整,健全國有資本有進有退、合理流動機制。完善國有金融資產(chǎn)、非經(jīng)營性資產(chǎn)和自然資源資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管體制,加強境外國有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管。
繼續(xù)鼓勵、支持和引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。健全財力與事權(quán)相匹配的財稅體制,清理和歸并專項轉(zhuǎn)移支付項目,增加一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付,健全縣級基本財力保障機制。在一些生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)領(lǐng)域推行增值稅改革試點,推進資源稅改革。深化預(yù)算管理制度改革,全面編制政府性基金預(yù)算,擴大國有資本經(jīng)營預(yù)算范圍,試編社會保險基金預(yù)算。
繼續(xù)深化金融企業(yè)改革,加快建立現(xiàn)代金融企業(yè)制度。加快培育農(nóng)村新型金融機構(gòu)。繼續(xù)大力發(fā)展金融市場,鼓勵金融創(chuàng)新。推進利率市場化改革。擴大人民幣在跨境貿(mào)易和投資中的使用。推進人民幣資本項下可兌換工作。加強和改善金融監(jiān)管,建立健全系統(tǒng)性金融風(fēng)險防范預(yù)警體系和處置機制。
完善成品油、天然氣價格形成機制和各類電價定價機制。推進水價改革。研究制定排污權(quán)有償使用和交易試點的指導(dǎo)意見。價格改革要充分考慮人民群眾特別是低收入群眾的承受能力。
按照政事分開、事企分開、管辦分開、營利性與非營利性分開的要求,積極穩(wěn)妥地分類推進事業(yè)單位改革。
(九)進一步提高對外開放水平
中國的發(fā)展離不開世界。要積極發(fā)展互利互惠的多雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系,不斷拓展新的開放領(lǐng)域和空間。繼續(xù)推動多哈回合談判,反對各種形式的保護主義,促進國際經(jīng)濟秩序朝著更加公正、合理、共贏的方向發(fā)展。
切實轉(zhuǎn)變外貿(mào)發(fā)展方式。在大力優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)和提高效益的基礎(chǔ)上,保持對外貿(mào)易穩(wěn)定增長。無論是一般貿(mào)易還是加工貿(mào)易出口,都要繼續(xù)發(fā)揮勞動力資源優(yōu)勢,都要減少能源資源消耗,都要向產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈高端延伸,都要提高質(zhì)量、檔次和附加值。
積極擴大自主品牌產(chǎn)品出口。大力發(fā)展服務(wù)貿(mào)易和服務(wù)外包,不斷提高服務(wù)貿(mào)易的比重。堅持進口和出口并重,擴大先進技術(shù)設(shè)備、關(guān)鍵零部件和能源原材料進口,促進從最不發(fā)達國家和主要順差來源國增加進口,逐步改善貿(mào)易不平衡狀況,妥善處理貿(mào)易摩擦。
推動對外投資和利用外資協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。加快實施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略,完善相關(guān)支持政策,簡化審批手續(xù),為符合條件的企業(yè)和個人到境外投資提供便利。鼓勵企業(yè)積極有序開展跨國經(jīng)營。
堅持積極有效利用外資的方針,注重引進先進技術(shù)和人才、智力資源,鼓勵跨國公司在華設(shè)立研發(fā)中心,切實提高利用外資的總體水平和綜合效益。抓緊修訂外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)目錄,鼓勵外資投向高新技術(shù)、節(jié)能環(huán)保、現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)等領(lǐng)域和中西部地區(qū)。
(十)加強廉政建設(shè)和反腐敗工作
建設(shè)廉潔的政府是一項持久而又緊迫的任務(wù),是人民的殷切期望。要加快解決反腐倡廉建設(shè)中的突出問題,扎實推進懲治和預(yù)防腐敗體系建設(shè),把查辦大案要案作為反腐敗的重要舉措,同時更加注重制度建設(shè)。
一是認(rèn)真治理政府工作人員以權(quán)謀私和瀆職侵權(quán)問題。針對工程建設(shè)、土地使用權(quán)出讓和礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)、國有產(chǎn)權(quán)交易、政府采購等重點領(lǐng)域存在的問題,加大查處違法違紀(jì)案件工作力度,堅決懲處腐敗分子。(掌聲)
二是切實加強廉潔自律,認(rèn)真貫徹執(zhí)行《廉政準(zhǔn)則》,落實領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部收入、房產(chǎn)、投資以及配偶子女從業(yè)、移居國(境)外等情況定期報告制度,自覺接受監(jiān)督。加強審計和監(jiān)察工作。加大對行政機關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部和國有企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位負責(zé)人的監(jiān)督力度。
三是堅決反對鋪張浪費和形式主義。要精簡會議、文件,清理和規(guī)范各種達標(biāo)、評比、表彰以及論壇、慶典等活動,從經(jīng)費上嚴(yán)加控制。
規(guī)范公務(wù)用車配備管理并積極推進公務(wù)用車制度改革。加快實行財政預(yù)算公開,讓人民知道政府花了多少錢,辦了什么事。各級政府都要努力為人民辦事;每一個公務(wù)員都要真正成為人民的公仆。(掌聲)
各位代表!鞏固和發(fā)展各民族大團結(jié),是國家長治久安、繁榮昌盛的根本保證,是各族人民的根本利益所在。
要堅持和完善民族區(qū)域自治制度,全面落實中央支持少數(shù)民族和民族地區(qū)發(fā)展的政策措施。制定實施扶持人口較少民族發(fā)展、推進興邊富民行動和發(fā)展少數(shù)民族事業(yè)五年規(guī)劃。讓我們團結(jié)奮進,共同譜寫中華民族繁榮發(fā)展的歷史新篇章!(掌聲)
全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針,深入落實《宗教事務(wù)條例》,發(fā)揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、社會和諧中的積極作用。
繼續(xù)加強僑務(wù)工作,維護海外僑胞、歸僑僑眷的合法權(quán)益,充分發(fā)揮他們在促進祖國統(tǒng)一和民族振興中的獨特作用。
各位代表!建立鞏固的國防,建設(shè)強大的人民軍隊,是維護國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益和全面建設(shè)小康社會的重要保障。(掌聲)
要緊緊圍繞黨和國家工作大局,著眼有效履行新世紀(jì)新階段我軍歷史使命,全面加強軍隊革命化現(xiàn)代化正規(guī)化建設(shè),不斷提高以打贏信息化條件下局部戰(zhàn)爭能力為核心的完成多樣化軍事任務(wù)的能力。
堅持把思想政治建設(shè)擺在首位。積極開展信息化條件下的軍事訓(xùn)練。加快全面建設(shè)現(xiàn)代后勤步伐。推動軍民融合式發(fā)展,加強國防科研和武器裝備建設(shè)。
積極穩(wěn)妥地推進國防和軍隊改革。堅持依法治軍、從嚴(yán)治軍。堅決完成搶險救災(zāi)等急難險重任務(wù)。
建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化武裝警察力量,增強執(zhí)勤、處置突發(fā)事件和反恐維穩(wěn)能力。加強國防動員和后備力量建設(shè),鞏固和發(fā)展軍政軍民團結(jié)。
各位代表!我們將堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針,全力支持香港、澳門兩個特別行政區(qū)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟,改善民生。支持香港鞏固和提升國際金融、貿(mào)易、航運中心地位。
支持澳門建設(shè)世界旅游休閑中心,促進經(jīng)濟適度多元發(fā)展。充分發(fā)揮香港、澳門在國家整體發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略中的獨特作用。
進一步提高內(nèi)地與港澳合作的機制化水平,支持粵港澳深化區(qū)域合作,實現(xiàn)互利共贏。在中華民族偉大復(fù)興的歷史進程中,祖國內(nèi)地人民將與港澳同胞攜手奮進,共享偉大祖國的尊嚴(yán)與榮耀?。ㄕ坡暎?/p>
我們將堅持新形勢下發(fā)展兩岸關(guān)系、促進祖國和平統(tǒng)一的大政方針和各項政策。繼續(xù)推進兩岸協(xié)商,積極落實兩岸經(jīng)濟合作框架協(xié)議,加強產(chǎn)業(yè)合作,加快新興產(chǎn)業(yè)、金融等現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)合作發(fā)展,支持有條件的大陸企業(yè)赴臺投資。
支持海峽西岸經(jīng)濟區(qū)在推進兩岸交流合作中發(fā)揮先行先試作用。深入開展兩岸社會各界交流,積極拓展兩岸文化教育合作。
增進兩岸政治互信,鞏固兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展的政治基礎(chǔ),共同維護兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展的良好局面。我們堅信,只要海內(nèi)外中華兒女繼續(xù)共同努力奮斗,祖國和平統(tǒng)一大業(yè)一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)!(掌聲)
各位代表!新的一年,我們將繼續(xù)高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作的旗幟,堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策,堅持走和平發(fā)展道路,堅持奉行互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略,堅持推動建設(shè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界,為我國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)創(chuàng)造更加有利的外部環(huán)境和條件。
我們要保持與主要大國關(guān)系健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展,積極推進對話合作,擴大共同利益和合作基礎(chǔ)。堅持“與鄰為善,以鄰為伴”的周邊外交方針,深化同周邊國家的睦鄰友好合作關(guān)系,推進區(qū)域次區(qū)域合作進程。
增進同廣大發(fā)展中國家的傳統(tǒng)友好合作關(guān)系,進一步落實和擴大合作成果,推進合作方式創(chuàng)新和機制建設(shè)。
積極開展多邊外交,以二十國集團峰會等為主要平臺,加強宏觀經(jīng)濟政策協(xié)調(diào),推動國際經(jīng)濟金融體系改革,促進世界經(jīng)濟強勁、可持續(xù)、平衡增長,在推動解決熱點問題和全球性問題上發(fā)揮建設(shè)性作用,履行應(yīng)盡的國際責(zé)任和義務(wù)。
中國政府和人民愿與國際社會一道,共同應(yīng)對風(fēng)險挑戰(zhàn),共同分享發(fā)展機遇,為人類和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)做出新貢獻?。ㄕ坡暎?/p>
各位代表!回顧過去,我們創(chuàng)造了不平凡的光輝業(yè)績;展望未來,我們對國家的錦繡前程充滿信心?。ㄕ坡暎?/p>
讓我們在以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,緊緊抓住歷史機遇,勇敢面對各種挑戰(zhàn),開拓進取,團結(jié)奮斗,扎實工作,努力實現(xiàn)“十二五”時期良好開局,把中國特色社會主義偉大事業(yè)繼續(xù)推向前進?。ㄕ坡暎?/p>