第一篇：英美文學(xué)重點(diǎn)筆記整理-大學(xué)選修課(The Quintessence of English and American Literature)

英美文學(xué)作家作品

1.The Renaissance(14 ~17世紀(jì)中葉)

· Alexander Pope亞歷山大·蒲柏1688~1744 3.· Essay on Criticism批評(píng)論 · Moral Essays道德論 3.The Romantic Age(1798~1832)· Robert Burns羅伯特·彭斯1759~1796 · Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要· Thomas More托馬斯·莫爾1478~1535 · Utopia烏托邦· Francis Bacon弗蘭西斯·培根1561~1626 · Advancement of Learning學(xué)術(shù)的推進(jìn) · Novum Organum新工具 · Essays隨筆· Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗·馬洛1564~1595 · Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝 · The Jew of Malta馬耳他的猶太人 · The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲劇· William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亞1564~1616 · Romeo and Juliet羅密歐與朱利葉 · Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人 · Henry IV亨利四世 · Julius Caesar尤利烏斯·凱撒 · As You Like It皆大歡喜 · Hamlet哈姆萊特 · Othello奧賽羅 · King Lear李爾王 · Macbeth麥克白 · Antony and Cleopatra安東尼與克里奧佩特拉 · Tempest暴風(fēng)雨 · poetry: Venus and Adonis;The Rape of Lucrece(Venus and Lucrece);The Passionate Pilgrim, the Sonnets· John Milton約翰·彌爾頓1608~1674 · L’Allegre 歡樂(lè)的人 · IL Pens eroso 沉思的人 · Comus柯瑪斯 · Lycidas利西達(dá)斯 · Of Education論教育 · Areopagitica論出版自由 · The Defence of the English People為英國(guó)人民聲辯 · The Second Defence of the English People再為英國(guó)人民聲辯 · Paradise Lost失樂(lè)園 · Paradise Regained復(fù)樂(lè)園 · Samson Agonistes力士參孫

2.2.The Neoclassical Period(1660~1798)

· John Bunyan約翰·班揚(yáng)1628~1688 · Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners功德無(wú)量

· The Pilgrim’s Progress 天路歷程 · The Life and Death of Mr Badman敗德先生傳 · The Holy War圣戰(zhàn)

· An Essay on Man人論 · The Rape of the Rock卷發(fā)遇劫記 · The Dunciad愚人記· Samuel Johnson塞繆爾·約翰遜1709~1784 · The Dictionary of English Language英語(yǔ)辭典 · The Vanity of Human Wishes人類欲望之虛幻 · London倫敦 · The Lives of Great Poets詩(shī)人傳· Jonathan Swift喬納森·斯威夫特1667~1745 · The Battle of Books書戰(zhàn) · A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事

· The Drapper’s Letters一個(gè)麻布商的書信 · A Modest Proposal一個(gè)小小的建議 · Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游記· Daniel Defoe丹尼爾·笛福1660~1731 · The Review(periodical founded by Defoe)評(píng)論報(bào) · Robinson Crusoe魯賓遜漂流記· Henry Fielding亨利·菲爾丁1707~1754 · The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews約瑟夫·安德魯 · The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great大詩(shī)人江奈生·威爾德 · Amelia愛米利亞 · The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling湯姆·瓊斯 · The Historical Register for 1736一七三六年歷史記事 · Don Quixote in England堂吉柯德在英國(guó)· Thomas Gray托馬斯·格雷1716~1771 · An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓園挽詩(shī) · Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat愛貓之死 · The Bard游吟詩(shī)人· Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德·布林斯利·施萊登1751~1816 · The Rivals情敵 · The School for Scandal造謠學(xué)校

· St.Patrick’s Day(The Scheming Lieutenant)圣·派特立克節(jié) · The Duenna伴娘 · The Critic批評(píng)家

用蘇格蘭方言寫的詩(shī) · John Anderson, My Jo約翰·安德生，我的愛人 · A Red, Red Rose一朵紅紅的玫瑰 · Auld Long Syne往昔時(shí)光

· A Man’s a Man for A’That不管那一套 · My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心在那高原上· William Blake威廉·布萊克1757~1827 · Songs of Innocence天真之歌 · Songs of Experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌 · America亞美利加 · Europe歐羅巴 · Milton彌爾頓 · Jerusalem耶路撒冷 · The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂與地獄的婚姻· William Wordsworth威廉·華茲華斯1770~1850 · We Are Seven我們是七個(gè) · The Solitary Reaper孤獨(dú)的割麥女 · Imitations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood不朽頌 · The Prelude序曲 · Lyrical Ballads抒情歌謠集· Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞繆爾·泰勒·科爾律治1772~1834 · The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子頌 · Christabel柯里斯塔貝爾 · Kubla Khan忽必烈汗 · Frost at Night半夜冰霜 · Dejection, an Ode憂郁頌 · Biographia Literaria文學(xué)傳記· George Gordon Byron喬治·戈登·拜倫1788~1824

· Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage恰爾德·哈羅德爾游記 · Manfred曼弗雷德 · Cain該隱 · Don Juan唐·璜 · When We Two Parted當(dāng)初我們倆分別· Persy Bysshe Shelley波西·比希·雪萊1792~1822 · Queen Mab麥步女王 · Revolt of Islam伊斯蘭的反叛 · The Cenci欽契一家 · The Masque of Anarchy, Hellas專制者的假面游行 · Prometheus Unbound解放了的普羅米修斯 · Ode to the West Wind西風(fēng)頌 · To a Skylark致云雀· John Keats約翰·濟(jì)慈1795~1821

· On a Grecian Urn希臘古甕頌 · Ode to a Nightingale夜鶯頌 · Ode to Autumn秋頌 · To Psyche普塞克頌

· On First Looking in Chapman’s Homer初讀查普曼翻譯的荷馬史詩(shī)有感· Sir Walter Scott沃爾特·斯科特爵士1771~1832 · The Lady of the Lake湖上夫人 · Waverley威弗利 · Guy Mannering蓋曼納令 · Rob Roy羅伯·羅伊 · Ivanhoe艾凡赫 · Kenilworth肯納爾沃斯堡 · Quentin Durward昆廷·達(dá)沃德 · St.Ronan’s Wells圣羅南之泉· Jane Austen簡(jiǎn)·奧斯丁1775~1817 · Sense and Sensibility理智與情感 · Pride and Prejudice傲慢與偏見 · Mansfield Park曼斯菲爾德莊園 · Emma愛瑪 · Northanger Abbey諾桑覺(jué)寺 · Persuasion勸導(dǎo)

4.The Victorian Age(1836~1901)· Charles Dickens查爾斯·狄更斯1812~1870 · Sketches by Boz波茲特寫 · The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外傳 · Oliver Twist奧利弗·特維斯特（霧都孤兒）· The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店 · Barnaby Rudge巴納比·拉奇 · American Notes美國(guó)雜記 · Martin Chuzzlewit馬丁·朱淑爾維特 · A Christmas Carol圣誕頌歌 · The Chimes教堂鐘聲 · The Cricket on the Hearth灶上蟋蟀 · Dombey and Son董貝父子 · David Copperfield大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾 · Bleak House荒涼山莊 · Hard Times艱難時(shí)世 · Little Dorrit小杜麗 · A Tale of Two Cities雙城記 · Great Expectations遠(yuǎn)大前程 · Our Mutual Friend我們共同的朋友 · Edwin Drood艾德溫·朱特· William Makepeace Thackeray威廉·麥克匹斯·薩克雷1811~1863 · Vanity Fair名利場(chǎng) · Pendennis潘登尼斯 · The Newcomers紐克姆一家 · The History of Henry Esmond亨利·埃斯蒙德· Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂·勃朗特1816~1855

· Professor教師 · Jane Eyre簡(jiǎn)·愛 · Shirley雪莉 · Villette維萊特· Emily Bronte艾米莉·勃朗特1818~1854 · Wuthering Heights呼嘯山莊· George Eliot喬治·艾略特1819~1880 · Adam Bede亞當(dāng)·比德 · The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊 · Silas Marner織工馬南 · Romola羅慕拉 · Felix Holt菲利克斯·霍爾特 · Middlemarch米德爾馬契 · Daniel Deronda丹尼爾·德龍拉· Thomas Hardy托馬斯·哈代1840~1928 · A Pair of Blue Eyes一雙藍(lán)眼睛 · The Trumpet Major號(hào)兵長(zhǎng) · Desperate Remedies非常手段 · The Hand of Ethelberta艾塞爾伯塔的婚姻 · Under the Greenwood Tree綠蔭下 · Far from the Madding Crowd遠(yuǎn)離塵囂 · The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特橋市長(zhǎng) · Tess of the D’Urbervilles德伯家的苔絲 · Jude the Obscure無(wú)名的裘德· Alfred Tennyson阿爾弗萊德·丁尼生1809~1892 · In Memoriam悼念 · Break, Break, Break沖擊、沖擊、沖擊 · Idylls of the King國(guó)王敘事詩(shī)·Robert Browning羅伯特·白朗寧1812~1889 · Dramatic Lyrics戲劇抒情詩(shī) · Dramatic Romances and Lyrics戲劇故事及抒情詩(shī) · Men and Women男男女女 · Dramatic Personae登場(chǎng)人物 · The Ring and the Book環(huán)與書

5.Modern Period George Bernard Shaw Widower’s Houses,Mrs.Warren’s Profession, Pygmalion· Oscar Wilde奧斯卡·王爾德1856~1900 · The Happy Prince and Other Tales快樂(lè)王子故事集 · The Picture of Dorian Gray多利安·格雷的畫像

· Lady Windermere’s Fan溫德米爾夫人的扇子 · A Woman of No Importance一個(gè)無(wú)足輕重的女人 · An Ideal Husband理想的丈夫 · The Importance of Being Earnest認(rèn)真的重

要

H.G.Wells

The Time Machine, The Invisible Man,The War of the Worlds,The First Man on the Moon

John Galsworthy The Forsyte Saga,(his first trilogy: The Man of Property, In Chancery, To Let)

William B.Yeats

Sailing to Byzantium, Leda and the Swan, The Lake Isle of Innisfree,Down by the Salley Gardens, When you are old

D.H.Lawrence

Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow,Women in Love

T.S.Eliot

The Waste Land, Four Quarters

Virginia Woolf

Mrs.Dalloway, To the Lighthouse

Joseph Conrad

Lord Jim, Heart of Darkness

1.Romantic Period · Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富蘭克林1706~1790

· Poor Richard’s Almanac格言歷書 · Autobiography自傳· Washington Irving華盛頓·歐文 · A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty紐約外史 · The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.見聞札記 · A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada征服格拉納達(dá) · The Alhambra阿爾罕伯拉 · Rip Van Winkle瑞普·凡·溫克爾· James Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯·菲尼莫·庫(kù)柏1789~1851 · The Spy間諜 · Leatherstocking Tales皮襪子五部曲 · The Deerslayer殺鹿者 · The Last of the Mohicans最后的莫西干人 · The Pathfinder探路者 · The Pioneer開拓者 · The Prairie草原· Ralph Waldo Emerson拉爾夫·瓦爾多·愛莫生1803~1882 · Nature論自然· Henry David Thoreau亨利·大衛(wèi)·梭羅1817~1862

· A Week on the Concord and Merrimack River康克德和美利馬科河上的一周 · Walden華爾騰 · A Plea for John Brown為約翰·布朗請(qǐng)命· Nathaniel Hawthorne納薩尼爾·霍桑1804~1864 · Twice-told Tales故事重述 · Mosses from and Old Manse古宅青苔 · The Scarlet Letter紅字 · The House of the Seven Gables有七個(gè)尖角閣樓的房子 · The Marble Faun大理石雕像·Herman Melville赫爾曼·梅爾維爾1819~1891 · Typee泰比 · Omio歐穆 · Mardi瑪?shù)?· Redburn萊德伯恩 · White Jacket白外套 · Moby Dick白鯨（莫比·迪克）· Pierre皮埃爾 · Billy Budd比利·巴德· Walt Whitman沃爾特·惠特曼1819~1892 · Leaves of Grass草葉集·Edgar Allen Poe埃德加·艾倫·坡1809~1849 · Ms Found in a Bottle在瓶子里發(fā)現(xiàn)的手稿 · The Murders in the Rue Morgue莫格路上的暗殺案 · The Purloined Letter被盜的信 · The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌 · Ligeia麗姬婭 · The Masque of the Red Death紅色死亡的化妝舞會(huì) · The Philosophy of Composition創(chuàng)作哲學(xué) · The Poetic Principle詩(shī)歌原理

· Review of Hawthorne’s Twice-told Tales評(píng)霍桑的《故事重述》

2.The Age of Realism · Mark Twain馬克·吐溫1835~1910 · The Gilded Age鍍金時(shí)代 · The Adventures of Tom Sawyer湯姆·索亞歷險(xiǎn)記 · The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克貝里·芬歷險(xiǎn)記 · Life on the Mississippi在密西西比河上 · A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court在亞瑟王朝廷里的康涅狄格州的美國(guó)佬 · The Man That Corrupted Hardleybug敗壞了哈德萊堡的人· Henry James亨利·詹姆斯1843~1916 · The American美國(guó)人 · Daisy Miller戴希·米勒

· The Portrait of a Lady一個(gè)青年女人的畫

像 · The Turn of the Screw擰螺絲 · The Ambassadors使節(jié) · The Wings of the Dove鴿翼 · The Golden Bowl金碗· Emily Dickenson艾米莉·迪金森1830~1886

· Because I Can’t Stop for Death因?yàn)槲也荒艿却郎?· I Heard a Fly Buzz – When I died我死時(shí)聽到了蒼蠅的嗡嗡聲 · Mine – by the Right of the White Election我的丈夫——選擇如意情人的權(quán)利 · Wild Nights – Wild Nights暴風(fēng)雨夜

American Naturalism ·Theodore Dreiser西奧多·德萊塞1871~1945 · Sister Carrie嘉麗妹妹 · Financier金融家 · The Titan巨頭 · The Stoic斯多噶 · Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘 · American Tragedy美國(guó)的悲劇 · The Genius天才

Jack London

The Son of the Wolf The Call of the Wild The Sea-Wolf

3.The Modern Period · Ezra Pound埃茲拉·龐德1885~1972 · Cantos詩(shī)章· Robert Frost羅伯特·弗洛斯特1874~1963 · A Boy’s Will一個(gè)男孩的意愿 · Mountain Interval間歇泉 · New Hampshire新罕布什爾· F.Scott Fitzgerald弗·斯科特·費(fèi)茲杰拉德1896~1940 · This Side of Paradise人間天堂 · Flappers and Philosophers輕佻女郎與哲學(xué)家 · The Beautiful and the Damned美麗的和該死的（漂亮冤家）· The Great Gatsby了不起的蓋茨幣（燈綠夢(mèng)渺）· Tender is the Night夜色溫柔 · All the Sad Young Man一代悲哀的年輕人 · The Last Tycoon最后的巨頭· Ernest Hemingway厄內(nèi)斯特·海明威1899~1961 · In Our Time在我們的時(shí)代里 · Winner Take Nothing勝者無(wú)所得 · The Torrents of Spring春潮 · The Sun Also Rises太陽(yáng)照常升起

· A Farewell to Arms永別了，武器

· Death in the Afternoon午后之死 · To Have and Have Not富有與貧窮 · Green Hills of Africa非洲青山 · The Fifth Column第五縱隊(duì) · For Whom the Bell Tolls喪鐘為誰(shuí)而鳴 · The Old Man and the Sea老人與?！?William Faulkner威廉·福克納1897~1962 · The Marble Faun玉石雕像 · Soldier’s Pay兵餉 · Mosquitoes蚊群 · Sartoris家族小說(shuō) · The Sound and the Fury喧囂與騷動(dòng) · As I Lay Dying在我彌留之際 · Light in August八月之光 · Absalom, Absalom押沙龍，押沙龍 · Go Down, Moses去吧，莫西

American Drama · Eugene O’Neil尤金·奧尼爾1888~1953 · Beyond the Horizon天邊外 · The Emperor Jones瓊斯皇帝 · The Hairy Ape毛猿 · Desire under the Elms榆樹下的欲望 · The Iceman Cometh賣冰的人來(lái)了

· Long Day’s Journey into Night長(zhǎng)夜漫漫路迢迢

第二篇：大學(xué)英美文學(xué)答案

1.Herman Melville’s ______ is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc, in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.A.Billy Budd

B.The Old Man and the Sea

C.White Jacket

D.Moby Dick

In addition to his novels, _______ wrote about 120 short stories and sketches.Among them are Young Goodman Brown and The Minister’s Black Veil.A.Henry David Thoreau

B.Nathaniel Hawthorne C.Ralph Waldo Emerson

D.Herman Melville

______ is an appalling fictional version of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s belief that “the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones” and that evil will come out of evil though it may take generations to happen.A.The Marble Faun

B.The Blithedale Romance

C.Young Goodman Brown D.The House of Seven Gables

Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”? A.The Conduct of Life

B.Representative Men

C.English Traits D.The American Scholar

Which is generally as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism? A.Nature

B.Walden C.On Beauty

D.Self-Reliance

There is a good reason to state that New England Transcendentalism was actually on the Puritan soil.A.Unitarianism

B.Mysticism

C.Romanticism

D.Puritanism

“The universe is composed of Nature and the soul… Spirit is present everywhere”.This is the voice of the book Nature written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, which pushed American romanticism into a new Phase, the phase of New England ______.A.Romanticism

B.Transcendentalism C.Symbolism

D.Naturalism

Washington Irving’s works are numerous, but his most successful work is The Sketch Book, of which the most famous and anthologized are ____ and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.A.A History of New York

B.The Pioneers

C.Rip Van Winkle

D.Leatherstocking Tales

Washington Irving’s first book appeared in 1809, titled ______.A.The History of New York

B.The Marble Faun C.The American Scholar

D.The Cop and the Anthem

In the early 19th century American moral values were essentially Puritan.Nothing has left a deeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole than did _____.A.Rationalism

B.Romanticism C.Sentimentalism

D.Puritanism

Which is the character who appears in the novel Moby Dick? A.Hester Prynne

B.Pearl

C.Mr.Hooper D.Ahab

Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne ______ in American literature.A.The transcendentalist B.The largest brain with the largest heart C.The American scholar

D.Father of American poetry

Nathaniel Hawthorne is a master of psychological insight and central subject of his major works is the human soul.Choose his short story from the following ones.A.Omoo B.Uncle Tom’s Cabin

C.Young Goodman Brown

D.The Pearl

The finest example of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan in ______.A.The Marble Faun

B.The Ambitious Guest

C.The Scarlet Letter

D.Young Goodman Brown

From Henry David Thoreau’s jail experience came his famous essay, ______ which states Thoreau’s belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government.A.Common Sense

B.Civil Disobedience

C.Walden

D.Nature

Which essay is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson? A.Self-Reliance B.The American Scholar

C.The Divinity School Address

D.Of Studies

Which book is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?

A.Nature

D.The Rhodora

B.English Traits C.Nature

D.The Rhodora C.The Rhodora

D.Representative Men

B.English Traits C.Nature

D.The Rhodora

Form the following, choose the characteristics of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s poetry.A.Being highly individual

B.Harsh rhythms C.Lack of form and polish

D.All of the above

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s first book _____ is the fundamental document of his philosophy, and expresses his constant, deeply felt love for he natural scenes.A.Leatherstocking Tales

B.Walden

C.Nature D.Daisy Miller

Choose William Cullen Bryant’s poem from the following ones.A.Voices of the Night

B.Ligeia

C.Song of Myself

D.Thanatopsis

In 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis introduced he best poet _____ to appear in America up to that time.A.Edward Taylor

B.William Cullen Bryant

C.Edgar Allan Poe

D.Philip Freneau

Choose Washington Irving’s works from the following items.A.Walden

B.A History of New York

C.Self-Reliance

D.Sister Carrie

In the 19th century America, Romanticism had certain general characteristics.Choose such characteristics from the following items.A.Moral enthusiasm B.Faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception C.Presumption about the corrosive effect of human society D.All of the above

Herman Melville’s _____ is not only an adventure story, but also a significant philosophical work on spiritual exploration.A.The Egg B.The Over-Soul

C.Nature

D.Moby Dick

A new _____ had appeared in England in the last years of the 18th century.It spread to continental Europe and then came to America early in the 19th century.A.Realism

B.Romanticism

C.Naturalism

D..Critical realism

Transcendentalism appealed to those who disdained the hash God of the Puritan ancestors, and it appealed to those who scorned the pale deity of New England _____.A.Naturalism B.Transcendentalism

C.Humanism

D.Unitarianism

Led by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Waldo Emerson and _____, there arose a kind of teaching of transcendentalism in the early 19th century.A.Mark Twain

B.Theodore Dreiser

C.Henry David Thoreau

D.Herman Melville

Transcendentalists recognized ______ as the “highest power of the soul”.A.intuition

B.thinking

C.logic

D.date of the senses

_____ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.A.Hawthorne

B.Thoreau

C.Whitman

D.Emerson

The appearance of The Scarlet letter marked the maturity of Nathaniel Hawthorne as a novelist.Soon he composed the other three important novels including _____, The Blithedale Romance and The Marble Faun.A.Walden

B.The House of the Seven Gables

C.The Prairie D.The Fall of the House of Usher

Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _____ and Thoreau.A.Jefferson

B.Oversoul

C.Freneau

D.Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essay The American Scholar____ has been regarded as “Americas Declaration of Intellectual Independence”.It called on American writers to write about America in a way peculiarly American.At 19 in 1802_ Washington Irving ___began to write a series of sketches or essays on the theatre and the New York society, using the name of Jonathan Oldstyle.__Herman Melville___is famous for writing stories about the sea and the islands of the Southern Pacific.In his masterpiece Moby Dick, he tells a story of a Whaling voyage which is set a symbolic account of the conflict between man and his fate.Herman Melville’s world classic novel Moby Dick was dedicated to _Nathaniel Hawthorne___, a novelist.Herman Melville is best known as the author of one book named _Moby Dick___, which is, critics have agreed, one of the world’s greatest masterpieces.Ralph _Waldo___ Emerson was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England.The civil war of 1861~1865 ended in the defeat of the Southerners and the abolition of__Slavery____.___Ralph Waldo Emerson__ was a great American Transcendentalist and revolutionary Romanticist, whose first book Nature is the fundamental document of his philosophy.In the early 19th century Rip Van Winkle had established __Washington Irving________’s reputation at home and abroad, and designated the beginning of American Romanticism.Another renowned New England Transcendentalist was _Henry David Thoreau___, a friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson and his junior by some 14 years._Washington Irving___’s Rip Van Winkle is a fantasy tale about a man who somehow stepped outside the main stream of life.27.The Transcendental Club often met at _Ralph Waldo Emerson____’s home in Concord.In The Pioneers, __Natty Bumppo__ represents the ideal American, living a virtuous and free life in God’s world.In the early 19th century, Washington Irving wrote The Sketch Book___which became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.The first important American novelist was _James Fenimore Cooper___.In 1823 Cooper James Fenimore wrote The Pioneers, the first of the five novels that make up _The Leatherstocking Tales___.The remaining four books: The Last of Mohicans(1826), The Prairie(1827), The Pathfinder(1840), and The Deerslayer(1841), continue the story of Natty Bumppo, one of the most famous characters in American fiction.In 1845, Thoreau began a two year residence at _Walden___ Pond.The short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is taken from Washington Irving’s work named___The Sketch Book___.Emerson’s truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emerson’s theories, was Henry __David__ Thoreau._____Edgar Allan Poe__’s poems have the musical quality and romantic beauty.The Raven is his best-known poem.Published in 1823, _The Pioneers____ was the first of the Leatherstcoking Tales, in their order of publication time, and probably the first true romance of the frontier in American literature.Washington Irving’s works are numerous, but his most successful work is The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, of which the most famous and anthologized is_Rip Van Winkle___.__Washington Irving__was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism.__Washington Irving___was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War.Washington Irving’s first book appeared in 1809.It was entitled _The History of New York___.In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America.It was entitled Nature by _Ralph Waldo Emerson___.The way in which __Nathaniel Hawthorne__ wrote The Scarlet letter suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American puritan moralism.The American Romantic Period stretches form the end of the 18th century through the outburst of the __Civil War__.To A Waterfowl is perhaps the peak of _William Cullen Bryant___’s work, it has been called by an eminent English critic “the most perfect brief poem in the language.”

Emerson’s first book in 1836_Nature___brought American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England Transcendentalism.The central figure in the Leatherstocking Tales is Natty Bumppo____, who goes by the various names of Leatherstocking, Deerslayer, Pathfinder and Hawkeye.Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel _The Scarlet Letter___.Herman Melville’s novel__Moby Dick__ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.The English author named _Sir Walter Scott____ was, in a way, responsible for the romantic description of landscape in American literature and the development of American Indian romance.His Waverly novels were models for American historical romance.Leaves of Grass, either in content or form, is an epoch-making work in American literature;its democratic content marked the shift from romanticism to realism, and its free verse____form broke from old poetic conventions to open a new road for American poetry.In 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne brought out his masterpiece _The Scarlet Letter___, the story of a triangular love affair in colonial America..In Washington Irving’s work _The Sketch Book___appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.For the whole 19th century _Emily Dickinson___was the only woman poet who enjoys high academic esteem today.She has been acclaimed as a poet of philosophical and tragic dimensions, a poet who was responsive to the challenging questions of man, nature and human consciousness.The American Transcendentalists formed a club called__the Transcendental Club____.As a philosophical and literary movement, _____ flourished in New England form the 1830s to the Civil War.A.modernism

B.sentimentalism

C.rationalism

D.transcendentalism

第三篇：英美文學(xué)重點(diǎn)

1.Sonnet is an exact form of lyric poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed, introduced from Italy by Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard.The original form is Petrarchan sonnet(rhyming abba abba cde cde)and the English sonnet is also called Shakespearian(Shakespearean)sonnet(rhyming abab cdcd efef gg).2.Enlightenment movement: It was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe in the 18th century.The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.The enlighteners celebrated reason and rationality, equality and science.They held that rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities.They called for order, reason and rules.The representatives are Addison, Steele, Pope and Swift.3.Renaissance Movement: a revival of classical(Greek and Roman)arts and sciences(translation of classical works into English)from the mid-14th century in Italy to the mid-17th century in England, the mark of the close of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern Western world.It was a cultural movement of the rising bourgeoisie.Its key word is humanism, which emphasizes the belief in man, his environment and doings and his brave fight for the emancipation of man from the tyranny of the church and religious dogmas.Representatives are William Shakespeare, Francis Bacon, etc.4.Metaphysical poets: a group of 17th century poets, whose works are notable for its ingenious use of intellectual and theological concepts in surprising conceits, strange

paradoxes and far-fetched imagery.John Donne is the most famous poet of the school.5.Sentimentalism: A popular and significant trend in the latter half of the 18th century, defined as over-indulgence in one’s emotion for the sake of a bitter discontent with social reality and a mild protest against the social crisis.It marks the midway in the transition from classicism to its opposite, romanticism in English poetry.Writers of this school turned to the countryside instead of urban life.Representative writers are novelists Samuel Richardson, Oliver Goldsmith and Lawrence Sterne;and poet Thomas Gray(“Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard”)

6.Humanism: the values and ideals of the European Renaissance, which placed a new emphasis on the expansion of human capacity.Man was believed to be the source of infinite possibilities, ideally developing towards a balance of physical, spiritual, moral and intellectual faculties.The representatives are Shakespeare and Francis Bacon.7.Conceit: an unusually far-fetched or elaborate metaphor or simile in which two very different things are compared, e.g.in Donne’s poem “The Flea”, the body of the

flea is compared to the marriage bed and marriage temple of the speaker and his lover.8.Neoclassicism: a literary trend typical in the Enlightenment Movement, which models literary works after the classical works of ancient Greek and Roman writers.Writers of this trend valued order, logic, restrained emotion, and accuracy.They believe the aim of literature was to moralize as well as to entertain.Unity, harmony, grace are the great concern of neo-classical writers such as Alexander Pope.9..Bildungsroman(成長(zhǎng)小說(shuō)):A kind of novel that follows the development of the

hero or heroine from childhood or adolescence into adulthood, through a troubled quest for identity.The term(“formation novel”)came from Germany.Examples are Dickens’ David Copperfield, Bronte’s Jane Eyre and James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.10.Dramatic monologue:A kind of poem which a single fictional or historical character other than the poet speaks to a silent “audience” of one or more persons.Such poems reveal not the poet’s own thoughts but the mind of the impersonated（扮演的）character, whose personality is revealed unwittingly.Major examples of this are Tennyson’s “Ulysses”, Browning’s “Fra Lippo Lippi”, “My Last Duchess”, and T.S.Eliot’s “The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”.11.romanticism Influences of idealistic philosophers such as Kant，A strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th century writers and philosophers;Attention shifted from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world(內(nèi)心世界)of the human spirit;a theory to see the individual at the center of art, to make literature most valuable as an expression of his or her unique feelings and particular attitudes.Emphasis on feeling, imagination, intuition(直覺(jué))and subjectivism(主觀主義)

Love for nature.Belief in individuality and freedom.Glorification(贊頌)of the commonplace(凡人凡事).Interest in the past, the unusual, the unfamiliar, the bizarre(奇異的)or the picturesque(獨(dú)特的).Feeling of loneliness

Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey，Byron, Shelley and Keats

11.拜倫式英雄Byronic hero:A boldly defiant but bitterly self-tormenting outcast, proudly contemptuous of social norms but suffering for some unnamed sin, a lonely fighter.E.g.Characters in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Manfred, Emily Bronte’s Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights

12.Aestheticism: The doctrine or disposition（傾向）that regards beauty as an end in itself, and attempts to preserve the arts from subordination（附庸）to moral, didactic（說(shuō)教的）or political purposes.The Aesthetic Movement is a literary and artistic tendency of the late 19th century which may be understood as a further phase of Romanticism in reaction against philistine（市儈的）bourgeois values of practical efficiency and morality.(Theoretical support from German philosophers such as Kant, who separated sense of beauty from practical interests.Influences can date back to French poets, the Rosettes, Pre-Raphaelites to Keats.)

Representatives: Baudelaire, Flaubert and the symbolists in France;Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde(Art for art’s sake)in Britain.13.The critical realism of the 19th century flourished（繁榮）in the 1840s and the beginning of the 1850s.The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated（描繪）the crying（緊急的）conditions of bourgeois（資產(chǎn)階級(jí)）reality.The greatness of English realists lies not only in their satirical portrayal of the bourgeoisie and in the exposure of the greed and hypocrisy（虛偽）of the ruling classes, but also in their profound humanism which is revealed in their sympathy for

the laboring people.Representatives: Dickens, Thackeray, Charlotte Bronte, and Mrs.Gaskell.Paradox：A statement or expression so surprisingly self-contradicting as to provoke us into seeking another sense or context in which it would be true.The child is father of the Man.(Wordsworth)

Blank verse: Unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.Most of Shakespeare’s plays are in blank verse.社會(huì)問(wèn)題劇George Bernard Shaw’s works that present complex and often controversial themes within the framework of entertaining plots, appealing and unpredictable characters, and witty dialogue.His works are insistently rational, coolly ridiculing the conventions and prejudices of his time.Examinations of moral and social issues.Social responsibility.1.William Shakespeare: Hamlet

2.Francis Bacon: “Of Studies”

3.John Donne: “The Flea”

4.John Milton: Paradise Lost

5.Geoffrey Chaucer: Canterbury Tales

第四篇：英美文學(xué)

Analysis of Robinson Crusoe

2009級(jí)師范三班劉靜 Robinson Crusoe is written by Defoe(1660 ~ 1731), known as the father of English novel and the periodical literature.He is the father of the English novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the Anglican Protestant.His father is a businessman, doing business.His article influenced the later development of journal articles and newspaper.Because the speech, he was repeatedly arrested.At the age of 59 Defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable ability.Robinson Crusoe Robinson is Defoe's first novel, is also one of the most famous novels.It is based on a British seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and creation.Robinson is the heroine of Defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable difficulties.He start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new world.He was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class hero.In this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working spirit.The novel opens English realistic novel road.In this novel, there are so many about the Wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to understand.In front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce Robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents' guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most incisive.Two is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young life.Robinson Crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern enlightenment.The most qualities I learn from Robinson Crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental capacity.One can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to do.The deserted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and earth.The first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, individualized, and humane portrayal in the English novel, Friday has a huge literary and cultural importance.Recent rewritings of the Crusoe story, like J.M.Coetzee’s Foe and Michel Tournier’s Friday, emphasize the sad consequences of Crusoe’s

failure to understand Friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the native’s perspective.Besides his importance to our culture, Friday is a key figure within the context of the novel.Friday’s sincere questions to Crusoe about the devil, which Crusoe answers only

indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether Crusoe’s knowledge of Christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to Friday’s full

understanding of his own god Benamuckee.In short, Friday’s exuberance and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of Crusoe’s personality.Despite Friday’s subjugation, however, Crusoe appreciates Friday much more than he would a mere servant.Crusoe does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves Friday, which is a

remarkable disclosure.Crusoe may bring Friday Christianity and clothing, but Friday brings Crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that Crusoe’s own European heart lacks.This novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is way.Use our hands, then see a new world.What is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about others.Be brave, and

never lose hope.

第五篇：英美文學(xué)

術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋：

Couplets: a rhymed pair of Iambic pentameter lines.Blank verse: unrhymed Iambic pentameter lines.Sonnet: 14 Iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme schemes.2.The conquest: In the year the Normans headed by which is mainly about 4.The Canterbury Tales, in Chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that of Boccaccio’s Decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were written.5.William Shakespeare, one of the first founders of realism.6.In the first period of his work Shakespeare wrote:

1590The Second and Third part of King Henry VI

1591The First part of King Henry VI

1592The Life and Death of King Richard III;The Comedy of Errors

1593Titus Andronicus;The Taming of the Shrew

1594The Two Gentlemen of Verona;Love’s Labour’s Lost;Romeo and Juliet

1595The Life and Death of Richard II;A Midsummer Night’s Dream

***8Much Ado About Nothing;The Merry Wives of Windsor;The Life of King Henry V

1599The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;As You Like It

1600Twelfth Night, or, What You Will

In the second period:

1601 1602 Troilus and Cressida;All’s Well That Ends Well

160416051606Antony and Cleopatra

1607The Tragedy of Coriolanus;Timon of Athens

1608Pericles, Prince of Tyre

In the third period:

1609Cymbeline, King of Britain

1610The Winter’s Tale

1612The Tempest;The Life of King Henry VIII

7.Hamlet.To be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a listener.To die, to sleep, no more.8.Francis Bacon is scientist, philosopher, essayist.John Donne, a metaphysical poets(玄學(xué)派詩(shī)人)

John Milton, his Paradise Lost, which tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven1

out of Eden.John Bunyan, The plain man’s pathway to heaven.成功刻畫人物。

Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, the first English novel, 是一部現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)，作品的主題是通過(guò)對(duì)主人公魯濱孫的成功刻畫，歌頌資本主義上升時(shí)期那種不畏艱難和困苦，充滿野心和冒險(xiǎn)精神，富有百折不撓，頑強(qiáng)毅力和斗志，依靠自己的雙手改變一切、創(chuàng)造一切的自我奮斗和創(chuàng)業(yè)精神。Is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero Robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, what’s more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of capitalism.John Swift, his Gulliver’s Travels, 抨擊當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)的議會(huì)政治和反動(dòng)的宗教勢(shì)力，通過(guò)描寫格列佛四次遇險(xiǎn)，寫出了作者看透了當(dāng)代的腐敗，以諷刺的方法，抨擊了當(dāng)時(shí)腐敗的社會(huì)。Attack the Britain

parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe Gulliver’s four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that time.Henry Fielding is the father of English novel.John Smith is the first American writer.Thomas Jefferson is the writer of The Declaration of Independence.The literature of romanticism period is from American War of Independence to before the Civil War.combining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on

surrealism.His depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express

Transcendentalism是美國(guó)浪漫主義最高潮時(shí)期的體驗(yàn)，認(rèn)為世間萬(wàn)物都是平等的。

Henry David Thoreau is the beginner of transcendentalism.Herman Melville, American novelist, proser and poet.Moby Dick, in which shows the struggle between

mankind and nature and draw people’s attention on how to get along with nature properly.He wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.詩(shī)歌鑒賞

Sonnet 18

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?我能否將你比作夏天？

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美麗溫婉。

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,狂風(fēng)將五月的蓓蕾凋殘，And summer's lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暫。

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休戀那麗日當(dāng)空，And often is his gold complexion dimm'd,轉(zhuǎn)眼會(huì)云霧迷蒙。

And every fair from fair sometime declines,休嘆那百花飄零，By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:催折于無(wú)常的天命。

But thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永恒的夏日常新

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,你的美貌亦毫發(fā)無(wú)損。

Nor shall Death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,死神也無(wú)緣將你幽禁，When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.你在我永恒的詩(shī)中長(zhǎng)存。

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世間尚有人吟誦我的詩(shī)篇，So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.這詩(shī)就將不朽，永葆你的芳顏。

全詩(shī)的基本格律是五音步抑揚(yáng)格（iambic pentameter），包括三個(gè)四行組（quatrain）和一個(gè)對(duì)偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韻式，即abab cdcd efef gg。

二、比喻和描述有時(shí)平淡或離奇，破壞意美

Sonnet 29

When, in disgrace with fortune and man's eyes當(dāng)我受盡命運(yùn)和人們的白眼，I all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飄零，And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干擾聾瞶的昊天,And look upon my self and curse my fate顧盼著身影，詛咒自己的生辰，Wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一個(gè)一樣富于希望，F(xiàn)eatured like him,like him with friends possess'd面貌相似，又和他一樣廣交游，Desiring this man's art and that man's scope希求這人的淵博，那人的內(nèi)行，With what I most enjoy contented least最賞心的樂(lè)事覺(jué)得最不對(duì)頭；

Yet in these thought myself almost despising可是，當(dāng)我正要這樣看輕自己，Haply I think on thee,and then my state忽然想起了你，于是我的精神，Like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破曉從陰霾的大地

From sullen earth sings hymns at heaven's gate振翮上升，高唱著圣歌在天門：

For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings一想起你的愛使我那么富有，That then I scorn to change my state with kings和帝王換位我也不屑于屈就。

賞析：對(duì)社會(huì)、對(duì)自己的命運(yùn)的不滿和無(wú)奈。格律是五音步抑揚(yáng)格（iambic pentameter）.韻式，即abab

cdcd efef gg。

To a Waterfowl《 致 水 鳥 》

-----by William Cullen Bryant威廉·卡倫·布賴恩特

Whither, 'midst falling dew,披著滴落的露珠，While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空燦爛，白日的行程就要結(jié)束；

Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿過(guò)玫瑰色的遙遠(yuǎn)空際，Thy solitary way?你往何方把孤單的前程追逐？

總結(jié)：As the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, I wonder where you(waterfowl)are

going?

Vainly the fowler's eye看你遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)飛翔而無(wú)計(jì)可施，Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鳥人的眼光徒勞眷顧；

As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,滿天紅霞把你映襯，Thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飄飄飛舞。

總結(jié)：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and safe.Without success, a hunter(fowler)might try to

bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening sky.Seek'st thou the plashy brink你是在尋找開闊的大河之濱，Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,還是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？

Or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水沖刷的海灘，On the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔騰起伏？

? 總結(jié)：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? Are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean?

There is a Power whose care有上蒼把你關(guān)照，Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,--在無(wú)路的海岸為你指路，The desert and illimitable air,--在荒漠和無(wú)邊的空際，Lone wandering, but not lost.你孤單的飄蕩不致迷途。

? 總結(jié)：There is a Power that leads you on your way across deserts and through unlimited expanses of air.You may be wandering and alone, but you are not lost.All day thy wings have fann'd你成天翕動(dòng)翅膀，At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:任空氣稀薄暴風(fēng)寒冷，飛在高處，Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,疲乏中你不肯降落舒適的大地，Though the dark night is near.即使黑夜即將緊閉它的帷幕。

總結(jié)：you have been flying the whole day, but do not stop and have a rest though dark is coming.You have been flapping your wings all day high in the sky, yet you continue on even though night is near and land beckons beneath you.And soon that toil shall end,你很快就會(huì)結(jié)束這樣的勞苦，Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,你即將找到你夏天的住處；

And scream among thy fellows;reeds shall bend休息中呼喚自己的伙伴，Soon o'er thy sheltered nest.蘆葦也會(huì)躬身把你的窩巢遮護(hù)。

? 總結(jié)：you have a strong desire to be with your family;or, to achieve your goal.Soon your journey will

end.Soon you will descend to your summer home.There, you will scream among others of your kind and find secure shelter among the tall grasses.Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven你的身軀全被吞沒(méi)，Hath swallowed up thy form;yet, on my heart天堂深淵里，你蹤影全無(wú)；

Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,然而你的啟迪深深留在我的心底，And shall not soon depart.我將久久地久久地把它記住。

? 總結(jié):I can no longer see you, but I will never forget the lesson you taught me.He, who, from zone to zone,誰(shuí)，從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方，Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,指引你穿越無(wú)限的天空作必然的飛翔，In the long way that I must tread alone,也會(huì)在我必須獨(dú)自跋涉的長(zhǎng)途上，Will lead my steps aright.正確地引導(dǎo)我的腳步。

賞析：There are eight 4-line stanzas, in each stanza, their rhyme is abab.