第一篇：四級(jí)段落翻譯訓(xùn)練

Passage 3

中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶膳食是節(jié)日必不可少的伴侶。例如，我國(guó)的端午節(jié)(the Dragon Boat Festival)是紀(jì)念古代詩(shī)人屈原的日子。那一天，人們通常要賽龍舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征著圓滿，象征著家庭團(tuán)聚。因此，中秋節(jié)的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅。春節(jié)是中國(guó)的農(nóng)歷新年(the Chinese lunar New Year)，除了常見(jiàn)的肉類(lèi)、海鮮之外，人們還要按各自的地方習(xí)俗烹制傳統(tǒng)食物，如餃子。

Passage 4

端午節(jié)，又叫龍舟節(jié)，是為了紀(jì)念?lèi)?ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人屈原。屈原是一位忠誠(chéng)和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他給國(guó)家?guī)?lái)了和平和繁榮。但最后因?yàn)槭艿秸u謗（vilify）而最終投河自盡。人們撐船到他自盡的地方，拋下粽子，希望魚(yú)兒吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身軀。幾千年來(lái)，端午節(jié)的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和賽龍舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

Passage 5

徐霞客是我國(guó)古代的地理學(xué)家、旅行家和文學(xué)家。他寫(xiě)了著名的《徐霞客游記》,一生周游考察了十六個(gè)省，足跡幾乎遍及全國(guó)。他在考察的過(guò)程中，從來(lái)不盲目迷信書(shū)本上的結(jié)論。他發(fā)現(xiàn)前人研究地理的記載有許多很不可靠的地方。為了進(jìn)行真實(shí)細(xì)致的考察，他很少乘車(chē)坐船，幾乎全靠雙腳翻山越嶺，長(zhǎng)途跋涉；為了弄清大自然的真相，他總是挑選道路艱險(xiǎn)的山區(qū)，人跡稀少的森林進(jìn)行考察，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多奇山秀景。

Passage 6

經(jīng)過(guò)半個(gè)多世紀(jì)的艱苦努力，特別是二十多年的改革開(kāi)放，中國(guó)已邁入全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的發(fā)展新階段。但中國(guó)仍然是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，人口多、底子薄是中國(guó)的基本國(guó)情。中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)自身發(fā)展的道路依然艱苦而漫長(zhǎng)。中華人民共和國(guó)是全國(guó)人民共同締造的統(tǒng)一的多民族國(guó)家。迄今為止，中國(guó)有56個(gè)民族。與漢族相比，其他55個(gè)民族人口相對(duì)較少，因此他們?cè)诹?xí)慣上被稱為“少數(shù)民族”。1990年中國(guó)進(jìn)行了第四次人口普查，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，在全國(guó)總?cè)丝谥?，漢族人口約占92%，少數(shù)民族人口占8%。在長(zhǎng)期的歷史發(fā)展過(guò)程中，中華民族這個(gè)大家庭中的各族人民經(jīng)過(guò)融合和遷移，形成了今天的分布格局。

第二篇：四級(jí)段落翻譯答案Key+to+Translation

1.中國(guó)面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)之一就是人口老齡化（aging population）。專家稱在未來(lái)四十年內(nèi)，中國(guó)老年人口將接近5億，占據(jù)人口總數(shù)的三分之一。這無(wú)疑給中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)帶來(lái)了巨大的壓力，但這也意味著更多的商機(jī)。人口老齡化將為養(yǎng)老院（nursing home）行業(yè)的發(fā)展帶來(lái)良好的前景。據(jù)粗略統(tǒng)計(jì)，5億老年人每月至少能為養(yǎng)老院行業(yè)帶來(lái)5000億元的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

Aging population is one of the most severe challenges in China.According to the experts, within four decades, China will have nearly 500 million elderly people, which accounts for one third of the total population.Such a situation will undoubtedly put huge pressure on the economic growth of China, but it also means more business opportunities.The fast-growing numbers of elderly people will bring a very good prospect for the industry of nursing homes.Based on rough statistics, half a billion elderly people can at least bring the industry an economic benefit of 500 billion every month.2.國(guó)畫(huà)（Chinese painting）指中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)繪畫(huà)，歷史悠久，遠(yuǎn)在2000多年前的戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期(Warring States Period)就出現(xiàn)了畫(huà)在絲織品上的繪畫(huà)。國(guó)畫(huà)的工具盒材料有毛筆(brush)、墨、紙盒絲綢等。國(guó)畫(huà)從題材上主要分為三類(lèi)：人物、山水、花鳥(niǎo)。國(guó)畫(huà)起源于中國(guó)書(shū)法(calligraphy)，在本質(zhì)上是一種線性藝術(shù)，試圖采用繪畫(huà)喚起意象和感情。國(guó)畫(huà)在內(nèi)容和藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作上，體現(xiàn)了古人對(duì)自然、社會(huì)、哲學(xué)、宗教和道德的認(rèn)識(shí)。

Chinese painting, the traditional painting in China, has a long history.There were paintings on silks even in Warring States Period over 2,000 years ago.Tools and materials used in Chinese painting are brush, ink, paper and silk and so on.There are three main subjects of Chinese painting: human figures, landscapes, and birds and flowers.Originated from Chinese calligraphy, Chinese painting is essentially an art of line, which attempts to arouse images and emotions with paintings.The content and artistic creation of Chinese paintings reflect the ancient people’s recognition on nature, society, philosophy, religion and morality.3.中國(guó)長(zhǎng)城是中國(guó)古代為抵御敵人的侵襲而修筑的偉大工程。它位于中國(guó)北部，全長(zhǎng)約8851.8公里。它始建于2000多年前的春秋時(shí)期(the Spring and Autumn Period)，秦始皇統(tǒng)一中國(guó)之后聯(lián)成萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城。漢、明兩代(the Han and Ming Dynasties)又曾大規(guī)模修筑，因此它是世界上修建時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的一項(xiàng)古代工程。長(zhǎng)城是人類(lèi)文明史上最偉大的建造工程之一，被列為世界八大奇跡之一和世界文化遺產(chǎn)(heritage)。

The Great Wall of China is a great project in ancient China constructed to defend against the attacks of enemies.It locates in the northern part of China and stretches for 8,851.8 kilometers.First built in the Spring and Autumn Period over 2,000 years ago, it was united to become “the Wall of 10,000 Li” after Qin Shi Huang unified China.The Han and Ming Dynasties saw extensive rebuilding and maintenance of the Great Wall.Thus it is an ancient project which consumed the longest time in the world.As one of the greatest constructions in the history of human civilization, the Great Wall has been listed as one of the Eight Wonders of the World and a world cultural heritage site.4.西部大開(kāi)發(fā)(western development campaign)是中國(guó)政府的一項(xiàng)政策，于2000年開(kāi)始運(yùn)作。目的是提高西部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展水平。西部大開(kāi)發(fā)的范圍是中國(guó)西部的12個(gè)省和自治區(qū)(autonomous region)。西部地區(qū)自然資源豐富，市場(chǎng)潛力大，戰(zhàn)略位置重要。但由于自然、歷史、社會(huì)等原因，西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相對(duì)東部落后。這一政策的實(shí)施可以使西部地區(qū)得到更快、更深、更廣的發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕(common prosperity)。

Western development campaign is a policy made by Chinese government and operated from 2000.Its goal is to improve the economic and social development level of the western areas.There are twelve provinces and autonomous regions covered in this campaign.The western areas have abundant natural resources with huge potential market and important strategic location.But because of natural, historical and social factors, the economic development in those areas lags behind that of the eastern areas.The implementation of the policy can bring a faster, deeper and broader development in the western areas, which will help realize common prosperity.5.漢字源于遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)期對(duì)自然景物的簡(jiǎn)單描摹，如樹(shù)木、河水、山川、人物等。這些描摹實(shí)際上就是象形文字(pictograms)的萌芽。甲骨文(Oracles)是刻在龜殼和獸骨上的古老文字，是漢字最早的形式。漢字的創(chuàng)造和應(yīng)用對(duì)中華文明的發(fā)展起到了重要作用。漢字對(duì)世界文明的發(fā)展也產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。例如，日本、朝鮮等國(guó)家的文字都是在漢字的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)造的。Chinese characters began in ancient time as simple drawings of natural objects – trees, rivers, mountains and hills, human beings, etc.These drawings are actually the buds of “pictograms”.Oracles, the ancient characters carved onto tortoise shells and beast bones, are the earliest form of Chinese characters.The creation and use of the Chinese characters have played a significant role not only in the development of Chinese civilization, but in that of the world civilization.For example, the characters of some countries, like Japan and Korea, were created on the basis of the Chinese characters.6.孔子學(xué)院(Confucius Institute)是中國(guó)在世界各地設(shè)立的教育和文化交流機(jī)構(gòu)。推廣漢語(yǔ)、傳播中國(guó)文化是設(shè)立該機(jī)構(gòu)的目的。孔子學(xué)院最重要的一項(xiàng)工作就是給世界各地的漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的教材以及正規(guī)的漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)渠道。全球首家孔子學(xué)院于2004年在韓國(guó)首爾(Seoul)成立，目前已遍布100個(gè)國(guó)家?？鬃訉W(xué)院有力地推動(dòng)了中國(guó)文化與各國(guó)文化的交流與融合(integration)。

Confucius Institute is an institute of education and cultural communication established by China all over the world.Its aim is to promote Chinese language and spread Chinese culture.The most important task of Confucius Institute is to provide standard textbooks and a formal channel to learn Chinese for learners all over the world.The first Confucius Institute opened in 2004 in Seoul, South Korea.At present, it has been established in 106 countries.Confucius Institute has greatly promoted the exchange and integration of cultures between China and the rest of the world.

第三篇：新四級(jí)段落翻譯練習(xí)題

1.中國(guó)將進(jìn)一步發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放，這對(duì) 海外企業(yè)（enterprises）意味著更多的商機(jī)。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)企業(yè)與海外企業(yè)一直 積極開(kāi)展經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作，并取得了巨大成 就。海外企業(yè)不僅幫助了中國(guó)企業(yè)的成長(zhǎng)，而且也在合作中獲得了收益。中國(guó)政府將 繼續(xù)提供有利的政策和條件，推動(dòng)中國(guó)企 業(yè)與國(guó)外企業(yè)進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展合作。

2.獅舞（Lion Dance）是中國(guó)最廣為流傳的民間舞蹈 之一。獅為百獸之首，在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)中，獅子被視 為是能帶來(lái)好運(yùn)的吉祥物（mascot）。古人將獅 子視作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驅(qū)趕邪惡、保護(hù) 人類(lèi)。據(jù)記載，獅舞已擁有了2,000多年的歷史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），獅舞就已經(jīng)被引入 了皇室。因此，舞獅成為元宵節(jié)（the Lantern Festival）和其他節(jié)日的習(xí)俗，人們以此來(lái)祈禱好 運(yùn)、平安和幸福。.假日經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)象表明：中國(guó)消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi) 觀正在發(fā)生巨大變化。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，中 國(guó)消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)需求正在從基本生活必需 品轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)π蓍e、舒適和個(gè)人發(fā)展的需求。同時(shí)，中國(guó)人的消費(fèi)觀在蓬勃發(fā)展的假日 經(jīng)濟(jì)中正變得成熟。因此產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)做相 應(yīng)調(diào)整，來(lái)適應(yīng)社會(huì)的發(fā)展。另一方面，服務(wù)質(zhì)量要改善，以滿足人們提高生活質(zhì) 量的要求。.端午節(jié)，又叫龍舟節(jié)，是為了紀(jì)念?lèi)?ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人屈原。屈原是一位忠誠(chéng)和受人敬仰的大 臣（minister）,他給國(guó)家?guī)?lái)了和平和繁榮。但最后因?yàn)槭艿秸u謗（vilify）而最終投河自 盡。人們撐船到他自盡的地方，拋下粽子，希望魚(yú)兒吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身軀。幾 千年來(lái)，端午節(jié)的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和賽龍舟，尤其是 在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

5.中國(guó)人飲茶，注重一個(gè)“品”字?！捌凡琛辈坏氰b別茶的優(yōu)劣，也帶有神思遐想和領(lǐng)略飲茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壺濃茶，擇雅靜之處，自斟自飲，可以消除疲勞、滌煩益思、振奮精神，也可以細(xì)啜慢飲，達(dá)到美的享受，使精神世界升華到高尚的藝術(shù)境界。品茶的環(huán)境一般由建筑物、園林、擺設(shè)、茶具等因素組成。飲茶要求安靜、清新、舒適、干凈。中國(guó)園林世界聞名，山水風(fēng)景更是不可勝數(shù)。利用園林或自然山水間，搭設(shè)茶室，讓人們小憩，意趣盎然。

6.中國(guó)是文明古國(guó)，禮儀之邦，很重禮節(jié)。凡來(lái)了客人，沏茶、敬茶的禮儀是必不可少的。當(dāng)有客來(lái)訪，可征求意見(jiàn)，選用最合來(lái)客口味的茶葉和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人飲茶時(shí)，要注意客人杯、壺中的茶水殘留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加開(kāi)水，隨喝隨添，使茶水濃度基本保持前后一致，水溫適宜。在飲茶時(shí)也可適當(dāng)佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)口味和點(diǎn)心之功效。

China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum.Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them.Before serving tea, you may ask them for their

preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups.In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle.Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed;and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking.Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay one's hunger.7.絲綢之路是歷史上橫貫歐亞大陸的貿(mào)易交通線，在歷史上促進(jìn)了歐亞非各國(guó)和中國(guó)的友好往來(lái)。中國(guó)是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)，在經(jīng)由這條路線進(jìn)行的貿(mào)易中，中國(guó)輸出的商品以絲綢最具代表性。因此，當(dāng)?shù)聡?guó)地理學(xué)家Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthoren最早在19世紀(jì)70年代將之命名為“絲綢之路”后，即被廣泛接受。同時(shí)，它也是一條東方與西方之間經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化進(jìn)行交流的主要道路。洞庭湖是中國(guó)第二大淡水湖。洞庭湖畔的岳陽(yáng)樓，是中國(guó)三大名樓中唯一保持原址原貌的國(guó)家重點(diǎn)保護(hù)文物。岳陽(yáng)樓所處的位置極好，它屹立于岳陽(yáng)古城之上，背靠岳陽(yáng)城，俯瞰洞庭湖，遙對(duì)君山島，北依長(zhǎng)江，南通湘江。自古以來(lái)，就是人們觀光旅游的好地方。

Lake Dongting is China’s second largest freshwater lake.Yueyang Tower, which is located on its shores, is a national key cultural relic for protection as the only one of China’s famous towers that is kept in its original condition at its original site.The tower is very favorably located, standing as it does on Yueyang’s ancient city wall with the city behind and overlooking Lake Dongting to the distant Junshan Isle;to its north is the Yangtze River and to the south the Xiang River.Since ancient times, the tower has been a good place for sightseeing and touring.9..目前，人類(lèi)的生存環(huán)境正在遭到破壞，美麗的大自然已經(jīng)不那么美麗了。保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物，也就是保護(hù)人婁自己。我強(qiáng)烈呼吁：不要再捕殺黑猩猩，不要再捕殺野生動(dòng)物了，讓我們?nèi)祟?lèi)多一些地球上的朋友，多給我們下一代保留一些野生動(dòng)物吧!否則，地球?qū)缭谌祟?lèi)手中，人類(lèi)將毀滅在自己手中。At present, man’s living environment is being ruined, and beautiful nature is no longer so beautiful.Protection of wild life is protection of man himself.So I appeal strongly to all to stop killing the chimpanzee or any other wild animal.Let us human beings have more friends on the earth, and leave more wild life for future generations.Or the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by man himself.10.近年來(lái)，中國(guó)城市化進(jìn)人加速階段，取得了極大的成就，同時(shí)也出現(xiàn)了種種錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題。今天的城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)速度之快、規(guī)模之大、耗資之巨、涉及面之廣、尺度之大等已遠(yuǎn)非生產(chǎn)力低下時(shí)期所能及，建筑已成為一種重大的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)。

In recent years，urbanization in China has stepped into an accelerating phase.Amidst magnificent achievements，there have emerged some complicated problems.The crux is that the cities and the countryside are developing at such a rapid rate，on such a large scale，with such enormous capital，in such a vast extent that they have surpassed any historical period China has ever witnessed before.Virtually，building construction has today become a major economic pursuit in China.11.世界各地有3,600萬(wàn)人染上了艾滋病—這比整個(gè)澳大利亞的人口還多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲則是頭號(hào)罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人喪失工作，使家庭喪失經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源，使父母喪失孩子。在7個(gè)非洲國(guó)家中，巧歲至49歲的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。

Throughout the world 36 million people are suffering from AIDS，which is more than the whole population of Australia.At present，AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death in the whole world，and the chief culprit in Africa.In Africa，it deprives jobs of the workers，families of incomings and children of their parents.In seven African countries，more than 20 percent of the 15-to-49-year-old population is infected with HIV.12.由于歷史、政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的原因，全世界講英語(yǔ)、用英語(yǔ)的人為數(shù)最多。但是英語(yǔ)之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英語(yǔ)自身的一些特性和特點(diǎn)不無(wú)相關(guān)。其中最重要的一點(diǎn)就是英語(yǔ)特別容易接受和適應(yīng)—英語(yǔ)中的詞匯吸收了全世界幾乎所有主要語(yǔ)言的材料。

The English language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world for historical，political，and economic reasons.But it may also be true that the popularity of English language has much to do with some qualities and characteristics in itself.First and most important is its extraordinarily receptivity and adaptability-it has taken materials into its own vocabulary from almost all major languages in the world.13.會(huì)議期間，有3個(gè)問(wèn)題受到了特別重視，它們是：加強(qiáng)和鞏固農(nóng)業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的地位和作用，提高農(nóng)民收人；調(diào)整和改進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，改進(jìn)和加快區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展；努力工作，加快下崗工人就業(yè)和再就業(yè)步伐，改善社會(huì)保障制度。

During the meeting，three aspects have been highlighted for special attention over next.They are：consolidate and strengthen the fundamental role of agriculture in the national economy and increase farmers' income；readjust and optimize the industrial structure for the promotion of coordinated development of regional economies；work hard to boost employment and the reemployment of laid-off workers，and improve the social security network．

14.當(dāng)今世界的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是人才的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。因此，黨中央決定從海外我們的留學(xué)生中，從香港、澳門(mén)、臺(tái)灣吸收和利用人才來(lái)加強(qiáng)我們?cè)谑澜缟系母?jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。引進(jìn)這些人才的重點(diǎn)是那些開(kāi)放程度越來(lái)越大、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)越來(lái)越激烈的部門(mén)，比如說(shuō)銀行、保險(xiǎn)等行業(yè)，以及國(guó)有大型企業(yè)的管理層。

In today's world，competition among states is mainly a competition among talentedprofessionals.Therefore，it is a decision adopted by the CPC Central Committee to fully absorb and make use of the talented people among our overseas students and among the professionals in Hongkong，Macao and Taiwan.This will help us strengthen our competitive edge.The departments that would introduce talented people from outside are those that are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and that are open wider to the outsider world，such as banking，insurance industry，large state-owned enterprises，etc.15.我們中國(guó)是世界上最大的國(guó)家之一，它的領(lǐng)土和整個(gè)歐洲的面積差不多相等。在這個(gè)廣大的領(lǐng)土之上，有廣大的肥田沃地給我們以衣食之源；有縱橫全國(guó)的大小山脈，生長(zhǎng)了廣大的森林，貯藏了豐富的礦產(chǎn)；有很多的江河湖澤，給我們以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很長(zhǎng)的海岸線，給我們以交通海外各民族的方便。

China is one of the largest countries in the world，her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe.In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing，mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits，many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation，and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.16.如果我們的國(guó)家有比黃金還要貴重的誠(chéng)信、有比大海還要寬廣的包容、有比愛(ài)自己還要寬廣的博愛(ài)、有比高山還要崇高的道德，那么我們這個(gè)國(guó)家就是一個(gè)具有精神文明和道德力量的國(guó)家。

If China can have a level of credibility and integrity that is more precious than gold, if China can be more receptive and inclusive than the ocean, if China can have fraternity rather than love for oneself, and if China can have an ethical standard higher than the mountains, I believe this country will have the moral strength and also will become a country with advanced cultural development.17.為了國(guó)家的富強(qiáng)，為了社會(huì)的公平正義，為了讓人們幸?？鞓?lè)地過(guò)得更好，為了讓孩子們上好學(xué)，為了使我們的民族在世界贏得應(yīng)有的尊嚴(yán)，我愿獻(xiàn)出我的全部心血和精力。

To ensure this country to become stronger and more prosperous, to build a society of equity and justice, to ensure the people live a happy life, our children can go to school and our nation is duly respected in the international community, I'm willing to dedicate myself wholeheartedly to this cause.

第四篇：文言段落翻譯訓(xùn)練

文言翻譯訓(xùn)練

1．閱讀下面一段文言文，對(duì)文中兩個(gè)劃線句子，任選一句進(jìn)行翻譯。(5分)韓休，京兆長(zhǎng)安人。工文辭，舉賢良。進(jìn)至禮部侍郎，知制誥。出為虢州刺史。虢于東、西京為近州，乘輿所至，常稅廄芻，休它郡請(qǐng)均賦。中書(shū)令張說(shuō)曰：“免虢而它州，此守臣為私惠耳?！毙輳?fù)執(zhí)論，吏白恐忤宰相意，休曰：“刺史幸知民之敝而不救，豈為政哉?雖得罪，所甘心焉。”訖如休請(qǐng)。

(1)進(jìn)至禮部侍郎，知制誥。(2)刺史幸知民之敝而不救，豈為政哉? 2．將下列語(yǔ)段中劃線的句子，翻譯為現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)（5分）

范喬邑人臘夕盜斫其樹(shù)，人有告者，①喬陽(yáng)不聞，②邑人愧而歸之。喬往喻曰：“卿節(jié)日取柴，③欲與父母相允娛耳，④何以愧為！”⑤其通物善導(dǎo)，皆此類(lèi)也。

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ 3．閱讀下面一段古文，翻譯其中的畫(huà)線文句。（5分）

臧與谷二人，相與牧羊，而俱亡其羊。問(wèn)臧奚事?則持策讀書(shū)；問(wèn)谷奚事?則博塞(古代的賭博游戲)以游。二人者事業(yè)不同，其于亡羊均也。(《莊子·駢拇》)(1)問(wèn)臧奚事?則持策讀書(shū)；(2)二人者事業(yè)不同，其于亡羊均也。4.閱讀下面的文言文，翻譯文中三個(gè)劃線的句子。（5分）

（陽(yáng)貨）謂孔子曰：“來(lái)！予與爾言。曰：懷其寶而迷其邦，可謂仁乎？曰：不可，好從事而亟失時(shí)，可謂知乎？曰：不可。日月逝矣，歲不我與。”孔子曰：“諾，吾將仕矣?！?/p>

（《論語(yǔ)·陽(yáng)貨》）

（1）好從事而亟失時(shí)，可謂知乎？（2分）

譯文：（2）日月逝矣，歲不我與。（2分）

譯文：（3）諾，吾將仕矣。（1分）

譯文：

共6頁(yè)，第1

頁(yè) 5．把下段文言文中畫(huà)線的句子譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（5分）

孟子謂齊宣王曰：“王之臣有托其妻子于其友而之楚游者，①比其反也，則凍餒其妻子，則如之何？”王曰：“棄之。”曰：“士師（司法官）不能治士，則如之何？”王曰：“已之?！雹谠唬骸八木持畠?nèi)不治則如之何？”王顧左右而言他。

①譯文：。（3分）②譯文：。（2分）6.閱讀下列文言文段，翻譯畫(huà)線部分。(5分)

才德全盡謂之圣人，才德全失謂之愚人；德勝才謂之君子，才勝德謂之小人。（1）凡取人之術(shù)，茍不得圣人，君子而與之，與其得小人，不若得愚人。何則？君子挾才以為善，小人挾才以為惡，挾才以為善者，善無(wú)不至矣；挾才以為惡者，惡亦無(wú)不至矣。愚者雖欲為不善，智不能周，力不能勝，譬如乳狗搏人，人得而制之。小人智足以遂其奸，勇足以決其暴，是虎而翼者也，其為害豈不多哉！（2）夫德者人之所嚴(yán)，而才者人之所愛(ài)；愛(ài)者易親，嚴(yán)者易疏，是以察者多蔽于才而遺于德。

譯文：（1）

（2）7．翻譯下列文言文中劃線的句子。（5分）

巫馬子謂子墨曰：“子兼愛(ài)天下，未云利也，我不愛(ài)天下，未云賊也，功皆未至，子何獨(dú)自是而非我哉？”

子墨子曰：“今有燎者于此，一人奉水將灌之，一人摻火將益之。功皆未至，子何貴于二人？”巫馬子曰：“我是彼奉水者之意，而非夫摻火者之意?！?子墨子曰：“吾亦是吾意，而非子之意也?！?/p>

翻譯：（1）了何貴于二人？（2）我是彼奉水者之意，而非夫摻火者之意。

8．把下面文言文中劃線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)(5分)崔樞應(yīng)進(jìn)士，客居汴半歲，與海賈同止。其人得疾，既篤，謂崔曰：“荷君見(jiàn)顧，不以外夷見(jiàn)忽。今疾勢(shì)不起，番人重土殯，脫歿，君能終始之否?”

譯文：(1)(3分)譯文：(2)(2分)9．將下面文言文中劃線的部分譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)（5分）

起拜左司郎中，轉(zhuǎn)司刑少卿。與皇甫文備同按獄，誣有功縱逆黨。久之，文備坐事下獄，有功出之，或曰：“彼嘗陷君于死，今生之，何也?”對(duì)曰：“爾所言者私忿，我所守者公法，不可以私害公?！?/p>

《新唐書(shū)·徐有功傳》

共6頁(yè)，第2

頁(yè)（1）與皇甫文備同按獄，誣有功縱逆黨

（2）爾所言者私忿，我所守者公法，不可以私害公

10．將下列文言短文中劃線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（5分）

王戎不取道旁李

王戎七歲，嘗與諸小兒游。看道邊李樹(shù)多子折枝，諸兒競(jìng)走取之。唯戎不動(dòng)。人問(wèn)之，答曰：“樹(shù)在道旁而多子，此必苦李?！比≈湃?。（《世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)》）

（1）看道邊李樹(shù)多子折枝 答：______________ _______________________（2）取之信然 答： 11.把畫(huà)線的句子譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（5分）

昔齊桓公出，見(jiàn)一故墟而問(wèn)之?；?qū)υ唬骸肮现嬉病！睆?fù)問(wèn)：“①郭氏曷為墟？”曰：“善善而惡惡焉?！被腹唬骸吧粕茞簮耗怂源?，而反為墟，何也？”曰：“善善而不能用，惡惡而不能去。②彼善人知其貴己而不用，則怨之；惡人見(jiàn)其賤己而不好，則仇之。夫與善人為怨，惡人為仇，欲毋亡，得乎？”

翻譯：①

② 12.把下面一段文言文中劃?rùn)M線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ).(5分)聞而審，則為福矣；①聞而不審，不若不聞矣。齊桓公聞管子于鮑叔，楚莊聞孫叔敖于沈尹筮，②審之也，故國(guó)霸諸侯也。吳王聞越王勾踐于太宰嚭，③智伯聞趙襄子于張武，不審也，故國(guó)亡身死也。

答: ①

② ③ 13．翻譯下面文言文中劃線的部分（5分）

星隊(duì)木鳴，國(guó)人皆恐。曰：是何也？曰：無(wú)何也。是天地之變，陰陽(yáng)之化，物之罕至者也。怪之可也，而畏之非也。夫日月之有蝕，風(fēng)雨之不時(shí)，怪星之黨見(jiàn)，是無(wú)世而不常有之。譯文： 14.把下面文言文中畫(huà)線的部分譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)(5分)鄭子產(chǎn)有疾，謂大叔曰：“我死，子必為政。唯有德者能以寬服民，其次莫如猛。夫火烈，民望而畏之，故鮮死焉；水懦弱，民狎而玩之，則多死焉，故寬難?！奔矓?shù)月卒。大叔為政，不忍猛而寬。鄭國(guó)多盜，聚人于萑苻之盜。大叔悔之，曰：“吾早從夫子，不及此?！迸d徒兵以攻萑苻之盜，盡殺之。盜少止。

共6頁(yè)，第3

頁(yè)

①①萑苻(huán fú)蘆葦叢生的水澤，代指強(qiáng)盜出沒(méi)的地方。

(1)

(2)

15、閱讀下面文言文段，然后答題。

家有老嫗，嘗居于此。嫗，先大母婢也，乳二世，先妣撫之甚厚。室西連于中閨，先妣嘗一至。嫗每謂余曰：“某所，而母立于茲?！眿炗衷唬骸叭赕⒃谖釕?，呱呱而泣；娘以指叩門(mén)扉曰：‘兒寒乎？欲食乎？’吾從板外相為應(yīng)答?！闭Z(yǔ)未畢，余泣，嫗亦泣。（歸有光《項(xiàng)脊軒志》）（1）解釋句中加點(diǎn)的詞（1分）先妣撫之甚厚 撫： ．（2）翻譯下列句子（4分）

①嫗，先大母婢也，乳二世：(2分)②某所，而母立于茲：（2分）16.將下面的文言段中劃線句翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（6分）

項(xiàng)王軍壁垓下，自度不得脫，謂其騎曰：“吾起兵于今八歲矣，身七十余戰(zhàn)，所當(dāng)者破，所擊者服，未嘗敗北，遂霸有天下。然今卒困于此，此天之亡我，非戰(zhàn)之罪也。今日固決死，愿為諸君快戰(zhàn)，必三勝之，為諸君潰圍、斬將、刈旗，令諸君知天亡我，非戰(zhàn)之罪也?！?/p>

（《史記·項(xiàng)羽本記》）

（1）身七十余戰(zhàn),所當(dāng)者破,所擊者服,未嘗敗北（3分）

。（2）然今卒困于此，此天之亡我，非戰(zhàn)之罪也。（3分）

。17.閱讀下文，完成后面試題。(5分)

滕文公問(wèn)曰：“滕、小國(guó)也；間於齊楚，事齊乎事楚乎？”

孟子對(duì)曰：“是謀非吾所能及也。無(wú)已，則有一焉。鑿斯池也，筑斯城也，與民守之，效死而弗去，則是可為也。”

譯文 18．閱讀下列文言語(yǔ)段，將畫(huà)線語(yǔ)句翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（5分）

華歆從會(huì)稽還都，賓客義故贈(zèng)遺累數(shù)百金，歆皆無(wú)所拒，密各題識(shí)。臨去，語(yǔ)眾人曰：“本無(wú)拒諸君之心，而所受遂多。念單車(chē)遠(yuǎn)行，將無(wú)以懷璧為罪，愿為之計(jì)?！北娔烁髁羲?zèng)。（1）歆皆無(wú)所拒，密各題識(shí)。（2）本無(wú)拒諸君之心，而所受遂多。（3）眾乃各留所贈(zèng)。

共6頁(yè)，第4

頁(yè) 19．請(qǐng)將劃線句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（5分）

宋人或得玉獻(xiàn)諸子罕。子罕弗受。獻(xiàn)玉者曰：“以示玉人，玉人以為寶也，故敢獻(xiàn)之。”子罕曰：“我以不貪為寶，爾以玉為寶，若以與我，皆喪寶也，不若人有其寶?！?/p>

譯文：。20.秦晉圍鄭，鄭既知之矣。（1）若亡鄭而有益于君，（2）敢以煩執(zhí)事。越國(guó)以鄙遠(yuǎn)，君知其難也。（3）焉用亡鄭以陪鄰？鄰之厚，君之薄也。

譯文：（1）。

（2）。

（3）。21.翻譯下面一段文字。要求：以直譯為主；譯文要流暢。

仁者愛(ài)人，有禮者敬人；愛(ài)人者人恒愛(ài)之，敬之者人恒敬之。有人于此，其待我以橫逆，則君子必自反也。

22．把下列文言文閱讀材料中畫(huà)橫線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（5分）

趙人患鼠，乞貓于中山。中山人予之貓，善捕鼠及雞。月余，鼠盡而其雞亦盡。其子患之，告其父曰：“盍去諸？”其父曰：“是非若所知也，吾之患在鼠，不在乎無(wú)雞。夫有鼠，則竊吾食，毀吾衣，穿吾垣墉（垣墉兩字都是墻的意思），毀傷吾器用，吾將饑寒焉，不病于無(wú)雞乎？無(wú)雞者，弗食雞則已耳，去饑寒猶遠(yuǎn)，若之何而去夫貓也?！保?）、盍去諸

（2）、是非若所知也（3）、不病于無(wú)雞乎 23．閱讀下面一段文言文，用現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)翻譯文中畫(huà)橫線的兩句話。（5分）

厲王虐，國(guó)人謗王。召公告曰：“民不堪命矣!”王怒，得衛(wèi)巫，使監(jiān)謗者。以告，則殺之。國(guó)人莫敢言，道路以目。召公曰：“是障之也。防民之口，甚于防川，川壅而潰，傷人必多。民亦如之。是故為川者決之使導(dǎo)，為民者宣之使言。??口之宣言也，善敗于是乎興。行善而備敗，其所以阜財(cái)用衣食者也。夫民慮之于心而宣之于口，成而行之，胡可壅也?若壅其口，其與能幾何?”

(1)是故為川者決之使導(dǎo)，為民者宣之使言(2分)譯文：(2)行善而備敗，其所以阜財(cái)用衣食者也(3分)譯文：

共6頁(yè)，第5

頁(yè) 24.閱讀下面—段文言文，翻譯畫(huà)線的句子。(5分)馮異為人謙退不伐，行與諸將相逢，輒引車(chē)避道。進(jìn)止皆有表識(shí)，軍中號(hào)為整齊。每所止舍，諸將升坐論功，異常獨(dú)屏樹(shù)下，軍中號(hào)曰“大樹(shù)將軍”。及破邯鄲，乃更部分諸將，各有配隸，軍中皆言愿屬大樹(shù)將軍，光武以此多之。(《后漢書(shū)·馮異傳》)（1）馮異為人謙退不伐。(2分)（2）軍中皆言愿屬大樹(shù)將軍，光武以此多之。(3分)25．將下面一段文言文中畫(huà)橫線的文字翻譯成白話文。（5分）

及之而后知，履之而后艱，烏有不行而知者乎？披五岳之圖，以為如山，不如樵夫之一足；疏八珍之譜，以為知味，不如庖丁之一啜。

答：（1）

（2）

26.將下面一段文字譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。(5分)樂(lè)民之樂(lè)者，民亦樂(lè)其樂(lè)；憂民之憂者，民亦憂其憂。樂(lè)以天下，憂以天下；然而不王者，未之有也。(《孟子》)27．閱讀下面文言語(yǔ)段，翻譯畫(huà)線的句子。（5分）

景公問(wèn)于晏子曰：“為政何患？”晏子對(duì)曰：“患善惡之不分?！惫唬骸昂我圆熘?？”對(duì)曰：“審擇左右。左右善，則百僚各得其所宜，而善惡分。”

孔子聞之曰：“此言也信矣！善進(jìn)，則不善無(wú)由入矣；不善進(jìn)，則善無(wú)由入矣?！保?）何以察之？（2分）（2）此言也信矣！善進(jìn)，則不善無(wú)由入矣。（3分）

28.閱讀下面一段文言文，把畫(huà)橫線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。

是己而非人，俗之同病。學(xué)猶未達(dá)，強(qiáng)以為知；理有未安，妄以臆度，如是則終身幾無(wú)可問(wèn)之事。賢于己者，忌之而不愿問(wèn)焉；不如己者，輕之而不屑問(wèn)焉；等于己者，狎之而不甘問(wèn)焉。如是則天下幾無(wú)可問(wèn)之人，人不足服矣。① 是己而非人，俗之同病。（2分）

。② 賢于己者，忌之而不愿問(wèn)焉；不如己者，輕之而不屑問(wèn)焉。（3分）

。29.下面文言文中畫(huà)橫線的部分譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)(5分)秦既稱帝，患兵革不休，以有諸侯也。于是無(wú)尺土之封，墮壞名城，銷(xiāo)鋒鏑，鈕豪杰，維 ：

共6頁(yè)，第6

頁(yè) 世之安。然王跡之興，起于閭巷，合從討伐，軼于三代。鄉(xiāng)秦之禁，適足以資賢者為驅(qū)除 耳。故憤發(fā)其所為天下雄，安在無(wú)土不王?· │

(1)患兵革不休，以有諸侯也。(2)安在無(wú)土不王? 30．及莊公即位，為之請(qǐng)制。公曰：“制，巖邑也，虢叔死焉，佗邑唯命?！闭?qǐng)京，使居之，謂之京城大叔。祭仲曰：“都城過(guò)百雉，國(guó)之害也。①先王之制，大都(都城城墻)不過(guò)參國(guó)之一，中五之一，小九之一。今京不度，非制也。(莊)公曰：“②姜氏欲之，焉辟害?”對(duì)曰：“姜氏何厭之有！不如早為之（指莊公之弟共叔段。其不斷請(qǐng)求封地以擴(kuò)張勢(shì)力）所，無(wú)使滋蔓。蔓，難圖也。譯文：①_____________________________________________________________(3分)②___________________________________________________________________(2分)31.閱讀下面一段文言文，將畫(huà)線句子譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（5分）

以學(xué)自損，不如無(wú)學(xué) 顏之推

夫?qū)W者，所以求益耳。見(jiàn)人讀數(shù)十卷書(shū)便自高大，凌忽長(zhǎng)者，輕慢同列。人疾之如仇敵，惡之如鴟梟。如此以學(xué)自損，不如無(wú)學(xué)也。（選自顏之推《顏氏家訓(xùn)》）注：凌忽：欺侮和輕視。同列：同輩。鴟梟：兩種惡鳥(niǎo)，這是古人的看法。

翻譯：

文言翻譯訓(xùn)練答案

共6頁(yè)，第7

頁(yè) 1：(1)韓休奏請(qǐng)把這些賦稅與其他各州分?jǐn)偂?2)刺史幸好知道百姓的困苦卻不予救助，哪能這樣為政呢?2：[譯文]范喬同鄉(xiāng)臘月除夕盜砍他家的樹(shù)，有人告訴了范喬，①范喬佯裝沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，②同鄉(xiāng)慚愧地將盜砍的樹(shù)歸還給了。范喬前去明白地告訴同鄉(xiāng)：“您在節(jié)日拿點(diǎn)些，③想跟父母一起高高興興地過(guò)節(jié)罷了，④為什么慚愧呢！”⑤他通情理善開(kāi)導(dǎo)，都像這樣。（每句1分）3：(1)(主人)問(wèn)臧干了些什么?原來(lái)是拿著鞭子在讀書(shū)。(2)兩個(gè)人干的事情不同，但他們?cè)趤G失了羊這件事情上，卻是相同的。4：陽(yáng)貨對(duì)孔子說(shuō)：“喂！我跟你說(shuō)，懷著一身本領(lǐng)卻聽(tīng)任國(guó)家昏亂，可以叫做仁嗎？回答說(shuō)：不可以。喜歡從事政治卻屢次錯(cuò)過(guò)時(shí)機(jī)，可以叫聰明嗎？回答說(shuō)：“不可以。時(shí)光流逝了，歲月不等待我們?！笨鬃诱f(shuō)：“好吧，我將要從政了。” 5：①“??等到他回到家里，他的妻子兒女卻在受凍挨餓，那該怎么辦？”齊宣王說(shuō)：“跟他絕交。”要點(diǎn)：比：等到，及。（1分）凍餒：受凍挨餓。（1分）棄之：和他絕交?！雹趩?wèn)：“假使整個(gè)國(guó)家不安定（或治理得不好），那又該怎么辦？”齊宣王便回過(guò)頭去看左右的人，用其他話岔開(kāi)。要點(diǎn)：治：太平，治理得好。（1分）顧左右而言他：回過(guò)頭去看左右的人，用其他話岔開(kāi)。6：（1）大概來(lái)說(shuō)，獲得人才的方法是，假如不能得到圣人，那就與君子親近交往，與其得到有本領(lǐng)但奸邪的人，倒不如得到?jīng)]本領(lǐng)但忠厚的人。（2）有道德的人往往被人們尊敬，有才能的人往往被人們喜愛(ài)，因?yàn)橄矏?ài)就容易親近，因?yàn)樽鹁淳腿菀资柽h(yuǎn)，所以明智的人才能不外露又保持高尚的道德。7：（1）您認(rèn)為兩人之中誰(shuí)應(yīng)該被肯定呢？（2）我（當(dāng)然）肯定那端水滅水人的想法，否定那引火助燃人的想法。譯文：巫馬子對(duì)墨子說(shuō)：“您（主張）愛(ài)天下一切人，談不上有什么好處，我不愛(ài)天下（一切人），也談不上有什么害處。（既然咱們的主張）都沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生什么后果，您為什么單單地認(rèn)為自己的對(duì)，而認(rèn)為我的錯(cuò)呢？”墨子道：“比如有人在這里放了火，一個(gè)端著水，準(zhǔn)備撲滅它，另一人拿著燃燒的東西，準(zhǔn)備助長(zhǎng)火勢(shì)。（兩人的行動(dòng)）雖然都沒(méi)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，但您認(rèn)兩人之中誰(shuí)應(yīng)該被肯定呢？”巫馬子道：“我（當(dāng)然）肯定那端水滅火人的想法，否定那引火助燃人的想法?！蹦佑值溃骸埃ㄈ绱苏f(shuō)來(lái)）我仍然認(rèn)為自己的主張對(duì)，而認(rèn)為您的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的?！?8：(1)我有幸得到您的照顧，(您)不因?yàn)槲沂沁h(yuǎn)方異族的人而輕視我。(2)如果(我)死了，您能不能在最后也像當(dāng)初那樣待我? 9：（1）曾和皇甫文備一起審理案件，皇甫文備誣告徐有功放縱反叛朝廷的團(tuán)伙。(2)你所說(shuō)的是個(gè)人的私怨，我所堅(jiān)持的是國(guó)家的公法，不應(yīng)該為了私怨而損害公法。[參考譯文]徐有功提拔為左司郎中，又調(diào)任司刑少卿。曾和皇甫文備一起審理案件，皇甫文備誣告徐有功放縱反叛朝廷的團(tuán)伙。過(guò)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，皇甫文備因事獲罪，被捕入獄，徐有功使他獲免出獄。有人問(wèn)：“他曾把你陷于死地，你現(xiàn)在反而救他的性命，這是為什么?”徐有功答道；“你所說(shuō)的是個(gè)人的私怨，我所堅(jiān)持的是國(guó)家的公法，不應(yīng)該為了私怨而損害公法?！?10：（1）看見(jiàn)路邊李樹(shù)結(jié)的果實(shí)很多，把樹(shù)枝壓彎了。（2）取來(lái)一嘗，果然是這樣。11：（5分）翻譯①郭家為什么變?yōu)閺U墟？②那些好人知道他（郭氏）看重自己卻不被任用，于是就仇視他。12：(5分)①聽(tīng)說(shuō)了卻不審察，還不如不聽(tīng) ②(齊桓公、楚莊王)審查了這些傳聞，所以國(guó)家能在諸侯中稱霸 ③智伯從張武那里聽(tīng)說(shuō)了趙襄王13參考譯文：流星墜落地上，樹(shù)木作響，國(guó)都里的人都很恐慌。

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頁(yè) 說(shuō)：這是什么？說(shuō)：沒(méi)什么。這是天地、自然界發(fā)生的變化，是自然界出現(xiàn)的特殊現(xiàn)象。國(guó)都的人認(rèn)為它奇怪，以為災(zāi)難是可以理解的，可是害怕就不對(duì)了。太陽(yáng)、月亮出現(xiàn)虧缺，刮風(fēng)下雨不合時(shí)節(jié)，偶然出現(xiàn)流星墜落，這種現(xiàn)象沒(méi)有哪個(gè)時(shí)代不曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)。（答案參考劃線句）14：（1）水性懦弱，人們輕忽它而在其中嬉戲（譯成“接近而玩弄它”也可以），因此被水淹死的人很多。所以施行寬政是不容易的。（2）派遣步兵剿滅（譯成“發(fā)兵攻打”也可以）霍荷的強(qiáng)盜，全部殺死他們。（鄭國(guó)）匪患有所減少（譯成“強(qiáng)盜稍微少了”也可以）。15：（1）對(duì)待（2）老婦女是我去世的祖母的婢女，給兩代人喂過(guò)奶。（能譯出判斷句的給1分，能將“乳”譯正確的給1分）（3）這個(gè)地方，你的母親（曾經(jīng)）站在這兒。（能譯正確“某”字的給1分，能譯出正確“而”的給1分）16：①我親自經(jīng)歷七十多次戰(zhàn)斗，抵擋我的敵人都被打敗了，我攻打的敵人都降服了，從未失敗過(guò)。②可是現(xiàn)在我最終被圍困在這里，這是老天要讓我滅亡，而（并）不是我用兵的過(guò)錯(cuò)。17：滕文公問(wèn)孟子：“滕國(guó)是個(gè)弱小的國(guó)家，處在齊國(guó)和楚國(guó)兩個(gè)大國(guó)之間。是侍奉齊國(guó)好，還是侍奉楚國(guó)好呢？”孟子答道：“這樣重大的國(guó)策計(jì)劃，不是我的力量所能達(dá)到的，如果一定要我講，那就只有一個(gè)辦法：深挖護(hù)城河，加固這座高城墻，和百姓一條心，共同捍衛(wèi)它，哪怕獻(xiàn)出的生命，民眾也不愿意離開(kāi)它，這樣就還是有辦法的?！?18：（1）華歆全不拒收這些錢(qián)財(cái)，秘密地在各份錢(qián)財(cái)上寫(xiě)了標(biāo)記。（2分）（2）我本來(lái)沒(méi)有拒絕各位的心思，因而接受的錢(qián)財(cái)就多了。（2分）（3）眾人于是各自留下了贈(zèng)送的錢(qián)財(cái)。（1分）19：我把不貪當(dāng)作寶貝，你把玉當(dāng)作寶貝，如果把玉給我，（就）都失去了寶貝，不如各人擁有自己的寶貝。得分點(diǎn)：以（把）；爾（你）；若（如果）；人（各人）；其（自己的）20：如果亡掉鄭國(guó)對(duì)您有好處，（那么我們?cè)趺茨埽┟懊恋啬猛鲟嵾@件事麻煩您。怎么要滅掉鄭國(guó)而給臨國(guó)增加土地呢？21：仁德的人愛(ài)護(hù)他人，講禮義的人恭敬他人；愛(ài)護(hù)別人的人別人也總是敬愛(ài)他，恭敬別人的人別人也總是恭敬他。有這樣一個(gè)人，他用蠻橫的態(tài)度對(duì)待我，那么作為君子一定會(huì)反省自己。22：（1）何不把它趕走呢？（2）這道理不是你所能知道的。（3）沒(méi)有了雞不是一種損失嗎？23：(1)所以治水的人疏通河道使它暢通，管理百姓的人疏導(dǎo)百姓讓他們暢所欲言。(2)推行百姓認(rèn)為好的，防范百姓認(rèn)為壞的，這大概才是用來(lái)增多財(cái)物衣食的辦法吧。24：（1）馮異為人處事，謙虛退讓，不夸耀自己。（2）軍士都說(shuō)希望隸屬于大樹(shù)將軍，光武帝因此十分推重他。25：接觸到它之后，才能了解它；親自實(shí)踐之后，才知道什么是艱難 翻閱五岳畫(huà)圖，認(rèn)為了解山，還不如砍柴的人邁出去一步了解的多 26：［譯文］把老百姓的快樂(lè)當(dāng)成快樂(lè)的人(1分)，老百姓也會(huì)把他的快樂(lè)當(dāng)作快樂(lè)(1分)；把老百姓的憂愁當(dāng)成憂愁的人，老百姓也會(huì)把他了的憂愁當(dāng)作憂愁。與天下人同樂(lè)(或：把天下人的快樂(lè)當(dāng)作自己的快樂(lè))(1分)，與天下人同憂(或：把天下人的憂愁當(dāng)作自己的憂愁)，這樣還不能稱王(或：使天下人歸服)(1分)，不曾有過(guò)的事(1分)27：（1）靠什么明察這個(gè)問(wèn)題？（2分）（2）這話，確實(shí)?。∩频牡玫竭M(jìn)用，那么不善的就無(wú)從進(jìn)入（朝廷）。[翻譯重點(diǎn)在“也”、“信”、“進(jìn)”、“入”、“無(wú)由”。第一句譯為“這話確實(shí)不錯(cuò)啊！”“這話說(shuō)得實(shí)在啊！”也可以。“信”譯為“可信”不對(duì)。第二句譯成一般原理也可，如將“進(jìn)”、“入”只泛泛地理

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頁(yè) 解為“進(jìn)去”（不涉及朝廷）應(yīng)算對(duì)；采用意譯也可，如將“無(wú)由”譯為“沒(méi)有因由”、“沒(méi)有條件”等也應(yīng)算對(duì)。]（3分）參考譯文：齊景公向晏子問(wèn)道：“處理政事?lián)鷳n什么？”晏子回答說(shuō)：“擔(dān)憂善惡不分?！饼R景公問(wèn)：“靠什么明察這個(gè)問(wèn)題？”（晏子）回答說(shuō)：“審慎選擇近臣。近臣善，那么百官就能明確各自應(yīng)該做什么，善惡從而分明。”孔子聽(tīng)到這件事，說(shuō)：“這話，確實(shí)?。∩频牡玫竭M(jìn)用，那么不善的就無(wú)從進(jìn)入（朝廷）；不善的得到進(jìn)用，那么善的就無(wú)從進(jìn)入（朝廷）?！?28：①認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的，認(rèn)為別人是錯(cuò)的，（這是世俗之人（或一般人）共同的毛病。②比自己有才能的人，嫉妒他們因而不愿向他們請(qǐng)教，不好自己的人，輕視他們因而不屑于問(wèn)他們。29：文言原文見(jiàn)(史記，秦楚之際月表》(1)思慮(過(guò)去)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不斷，是因?yàn)橛兄T侯存在。或：思慮(過(guò)去)之所以戰(zhàn)亂不斷，是存在著諸侯。(3分。因果句式占2分。)(2)怎么能說(shuō)沒(méi)有封地的人就不能稱王呢?或：難道沒(méi)有封地就不能稱王嗎?(2分。表示反問(wèn)的詞語(yǔ)占1分。)30：譯文：①先王的制度，大都城墻不能超過(guò)國(guó)都的三分之一，中都城墻不能超過(guò)國(guó)都的五分之一，小都城墻不能超過(guò)國(guó)都的九分之一。②姜氏想這樣做，我怎能避開(kāi)那災(zāi)禍？31：注：求益：求得上進(jìn)。便自高大：就自高自大。凌忽：欺侮和輕視。同列：同輩。疾之：怨恨他。鴟梟：chī xiāo，兩種惡鳥(niǎo)，這是古人的看法。譯文：學(xué)習(xí)，是為了求得上進(jìn)。可是我見(jiàn)到有人讀了幾十卷書(shū)就自高自大，欺侮和輕視長(zhǎng)者，輕視同輩。這樣，別人自然象對(duì)仇人那樣恨他，象對(duì)鴟梟那樣討厭他。象這樣以所謂學(xué)習(xí)損害了自己，還不如不學(xué)呢。

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第五篇：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)段落翻譯練習(xí)題30篇

英語(yǔ)四級(jí)段落翻譯練習(xí)題30篇

一、目錄

1、西湖，2、長(zhǎng)城，3、論語(yǔ)，4、中國(guó)制造，5、傳統(tǒng)美，6、生活的藝術(shù)，7、主動(dòng)失業(yè)，8、湖泊，9、地域菜系，10、出境旅游，11、竺可楨，12、乒乓球，13、找工作，14、八大菜系，15、城市化進(jìn)程，16、人類(lèi)文明演變，17、大學(xué)生就業(yè)選擇，18、全球變暖，19、茶馬古道，20、月光族，21、出境游，22、全球變暖，23、中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)放緩，24、探望父母，25、端午節(jié)，26、教育公平，27、飲酒，28、筷子，29、臘八節(jié)，30、京劇

二、段落翻譯

1、西湖 西湖位于杭州市中心的西部，是江南三大名湖之一。由于西湖的緣故，杭州自古就被譽(yù)為“人間天堂”。西湖就像鑲嵌(inlay)在廣袤大地上的一顆璀璨的明珠，以其秀麗的風(fēng)景、聞名的古跡、燦爛的文化和豐富的特產(chǎn)而聞名。宋代大文豪蘇軾在西湖留下了“欲把西湖比西子，淡妝濃抹總相宜”的千古絕唱;白娘子的傳奇故事(The Legend ofWhite Snake)也給西湖增添了一層神秘色彩。

The West Lake

The West Lake, located in the western area of Hangzhou's center, is one of the top three lakes in the regions south of the Yangtze River.Because of it, Hangzhou has been acclaimed as“a heaven on earth” since ancient times.The West Lake is like a shining pearl inlaid on the vast land, renowned for its beautiful scenery, well-known historical sites, brilliant culture, and plentiful local specialties.The literary giant Su Shi in Song Dynasty left a poetic masterpiece through the ages there: The West Lake is like the beauty Xi Shi, who is always charming with either light or heavy make-up(rainy or shiny).The Legend of White Snake also brings the West Lake an air of mystery.2、長(zhǎng)城 長(zhǎng)城(the Great wall)又被稱作“萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城”，不僅是中華文明的瑰寶，也是中國(guó)古代人民智慧的結(jié)晶。長(zhǎng)城是世界文化遺產(chǎn)(world cultural heritage)之一，更是中華民族的象征。其在建筑上的價(jià)值，足以與其在歷史和戰(zhàn)略上的重要性相媲美。長(zhǎng)城現(xiàn)存的遺址有很多處，其中北京的八達(dá)嶺長(zhǎng)城是馳名中外的景區(qū)，也是明代長(zhǎng)城最具代表性的一段，每年都會(huì)接待來(lái)自世界各地的許多游客。

The Great Wall The Great Wall, which is also called “wan li chang cheng" in Chinese language, is not only the treasure of Chinese civilization, but also the masterpiece made by the ancient Chinese people.The Great Wall is not only one of the world cultural heritages, but the symbol of the Chinese nation.Its architectural value is comparable to its historical and strategic importance.Among the numerous remains of the Great Wall, Badaling in Beijing is the most popular destination that has won fame both at home and abroad.It can also be regarded as the most representative section of the Wall ever constructed during the Ming Dynasty.Every year it attracts many tourists from all over the world.3、論語(yǔ) 《論語(yǔ)》(The Analects of Confucius)是儒家的經(jīng)典著作之一，它是對(duì)孔子及其弟子(disciple)的言行和對(duì)話的記錄。眾所周知，孔子是一位偉大的思想家和哲學(xué)家，他的思想被1 發(fā)展成了的儒家哲學(xué)體系?！墩撜Z(yǔ)》是儒家思想的代表作，數(shù)個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，《論語(yǔ)》一直極大地影響著中國(guó)人的哲學(xué)觀和道德觀，它也影響著其他亞洲國(guó)家人民的哲學(xué)觀和道德觀。

The Analects of Confucius The Analects of Confucius is one of the Confucius classics and is a record of the words and acts of Confucius and his disciples, as well as the conversations they held.It's well-known that Confucius is a great ideologist and philosopher, and his thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism.The Analects of Confucius is a representative work of Confucianism.For centuries, it has been heavily influencing the philosophy and moral outlook of Chinese people and that of the people of other Asian countries as well.4、中國(guó)制造 中國(guó)公司想創(chuàng)造世界品牌，外國(guó)公司想增加在中國(guó)的銷(xiāo)量，這些都正改變著中國(guó)的設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)。中國(guó)制造商意識(shí)到，若他們想在本國(guó)市場(chǎng)脫穎而出，在外國(guó)市場(chǎng)嶄露頭角，就必須設(shè)計(jì)更好的產(chǎn)品。索尼這樣的外國(guó)公司也開(kāi)始明白，從前海外公司常把隨便什么地方設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品拿到中國(guó)來(lái)賣(mài)，而現(xiàn)在，中國(guó)消費(fèi)者變得更加挑剔，他們不再那樣容易滿足了。

Made in China Chinese companies want to create world brands and the foreign companies want to increase the selling in China which all change the Chinese design industry.The Chinese manufacturers realize that they have to design better products if they want to stand out in the domestic markets as well as distinguish themselves in the foreign markets.Previously, the overseas companies always took the products which were designed in somewhere to Chinese market, but now the foreign companies such as Sony begins to realize that the Chinese consumers become more and more fastidious and no longer easy to be satisfied.分析: 若他們想在本國(guó)市場(chǎng)脫穎而出，在外國(guó)市場(chǎng)嶄露頭角，就必須設(shè)計(jì)更好的產(chǎn)品。這里的“脫穎而出”和“嶄露頭角意思相近”，我們盡量選擇不同的譯法，兩個(gè)詞語(yǔ)可以分別譯為“stand out”和“distinguish themselves”。

5、傳統(tǒng)美 對(duì)于一名女子來(lái)說(shuō)，傳統(tǒng)美是她的唯一標(biāo)志。她的皮膚應(yīng)該天生麗質(zhì)，沒(méi)有皺紋，沒(méi)有疤痕，沒(méi)有瑕疵。她的身材應(yīng)該消瘦苗條，通常高挑個(gè)，雙腿修長(zhǎng)，其中青春年少則是首要條件。所有在電視廣告中出現(xiàn)的“花容月貌”的靚女都符合這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這種形象是認(rèn)為的，是可以人工塑造的。許多婦女盡其所能來(lái)擺布和修改自己的容貌體態(tài)。

To a woman, the traditional beauty is her only mark.Her skin should be born smooth without wrinkles, scars or flaws.Her body should be slim and thin, and usually she is tall, having long legs.The youth is the primary condition.All of the beauties who have showed up in the TV commercials are fit for that criterion.This image is artificial and can be made by people.Many women do their best to decorate and modify their looks and figures.分析: 她的皮膚應(yīng)該天生麗質(zhì)，沒(méi)有皺紋，沒(méi)有疤痕，沒(méi)有瑕疵。本句中的“皺紋”，“疤痕”，“瑕疵”應(yīng)選意思最接近的英語(yǔ)詞匯，可譯為wrinkle,scar,flaw。

6、生活的藝術(shù) 在中國(guó)，人們對(duì)一切藝術(shù)的藝術(shù)，即生活的藝術(shù)，懂得很多。一個(gè)較為年輕的文明國(guó)家可能會(huì)致力于進(jìn)步;然而一個(gè)古老的文明國(guó)度，自然在人生的歷程上見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣，她所感興趣的自然是如何過(guò)好生活。就中國(guó)而言，由于有了中國(guó)的人文主義精神，把人當(dāng)作2 一切事物的中心，把人類(lèi)幸福當(dāng)做知識(shí)的終結(jié)，于是，強(qiáng)調(diào)生活的藝術(shù)就是更為自然的事情了。但即使沒(méi)有人文主義，一個(gè)古老的文明也一定會(huì)有一個(gè)不同的價(jià)值尺度，只有這樣，它才會(huì)知道什么是“持久的生活樂(lè)趣”。任何一個(gè)民族，如果它不知道如何享受生活，那么，在我們的眼里，這個(gè)民族一定是粗野的，不文明的。

In China, people know a lot about the art of all arts, namely, the art of life.A comparatively young country will dedicate to the progress;however, an ancient civilized country is experienced and knowledgeable in the life road, and naturally she is interested in how to lead a good life.As to China, it is much more natural to emphasize the art of life because of the humanism spirit of China, taking people as the center of everything and making human being's happiness as the end of knowledge.Even if there is no humanism, an ancient civilization would also have its own value standard, and only in this way would it know what the “l(fā)asting life pleasure ”is.Any nation, if it does not know how to enjoy life, must be barbaric and uncivilized in our eyes.分析:

1.人文主義精神

基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)?？勺g為humanism spirit。

2.任何一個(gè)民族，如果它不知道如何享受生活，那么，在我們的眼里，這個(gè)民族一定是粗野的，不文明的。

中文句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較松散，在翻譯成英文時(shí)我們要盡量使句子間有明顯的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。這里“如果?”引導(dǎo)的分句可以作為條件從句前置或內(nèi)嵌在主句中，“任何一個(gè)民族”就可以做主句的主語(yǔ)。

7、主動(dòng)失業(yè) 截至2005年第三季度，全國(guó)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)供求狀況顯示，我國(guó)15歲至29歲的青年總體失業(yè)率達(dá)到了9%，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于4.5%的城鎮(zhèn)平均登記失業(yè)率。而在此之中，選擇主動(dòng)失業(yè)的占到了一半以上。

“主動(dòng)放棄就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的原因很多，但這些人都有一個(gè)共性，就是不會(huì)因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)原因餓死。至少在短時(shí)間內(nèi)。”復(fù)旦大學(xué)教授葛劍雄認(rèn)為，社會(huì)發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在，一些青年人的確具備了可以失業(yè)的條件。他們不用像上班族那樣刻板地工作，可是相比之下他們的生活卻格外“富足”。

Update to the third quarter of 2005,the supply and demand of the whole nation's labor force market indicated that the overall unemployment rate of our country's youth from the age of 15 to 29 was up to 9%,which was much higher than 4.5% of the average rural area register unemployment rate.Among this group,the number of people actively choosing to be unemployed was more than a half.“There are many reasons to give up the chance of employment,but those people have a common feature that they do not starve for economic reasons at least in a short period.”The professor Ge Jianxiong of Fudan University thought that some young people indeed had the conditions to be unemployed as the society develops to nowadays.They do not need to work routinely like the office workers,but comparatively their life was extremely “well-off”.分析: 選擇主動(dòng)失業(yè)的占到了一半以上

“選擇主動(dòng)失業(yè)”翻譯為:“choosing to be unemployed”。

8、湖泊 湖泊奇妙無(wú)比。蒼鷺(Heron)在岸邊緩緩地邁著步子，翠鳥(niǎo)(Kingfisher)和杜鵑換腳3 著從陽(yáng)光里飛入樹(shù)蔭，火雞模樣的大鳥(niǎo)在枯枝間忙碌，鷹在頭上盤(pán)旋。我們毋庸為時(shí)間擔(dān)憂，可以從容地欣賞周?chē)囊磺小Ｎ页俗莫?dú)木舟船頭坐著個(gè)男孩，他用簡(jiǎn)陋的彈弓(sling)發(fā)射石彈擊打飛鳥(niǎo)。他擺出漂亮的架勢(shì)瞄準(zhǔn)飛鳥(niǎo)，卻一次又一次地偏離目標(biāo)：鳥(niǎo)總是飛出他的射程。他把彈弓塞回進(jìn)襯衣內(nèi)。我移開(kāi)目光。

湖水與河水都如熱帶雨林中的樹(shù)葉那樣乳濁：那水是面紗，是窗簾，是畫(huà)屏。

This lake was amazing and wonderful.Herons plodded along the shores, Kingfishers and cuckoos clattered from sunlight to shade, great turkey like birds fussed in dead branches, and hawks hovered above us.There was all the time in the world.And we could appreciate everything surrounding by leisurely.The boy in the bow of my canoe slapped stones at birds with a simple sling, a rubber thong and leather pad.He aimed brilliantly at moving targets, missed again and again;the birds were out of his range.He stuffed his sling back in his shirt.Then I looked away.The lake and river waters were as opaque as rainforest leaves the water was veil, blind, painted screen.分析: 蒼鷺(Heron)在岸邊緩緩地邁著步子，翠鳥(niǎo)(Kingfisher)和杜鵑換腳著從陽(yáng)光里飛入樹(shù)蔭，火雞模樣的大鳥(niǎo)在枯枝間忙碌，鷹在頭上盤(pán)旋。

這個(gè)句子中描繪的五種動(dòng)物動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞是翻譯重點(diǎn)，要選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯。另外杜鵑，鷹為常用鳥(niǎo)的名字，譯為cuckoo,hawk。

9、地域菜系 中國(guó)一個(gè)幅員遼闊、資源豐富、歷史悠久的多民族國(guó)家，每個(gè)民族都有其獨(dú)特的豐富菜肴。地域菜系在地理環(huán)境、氣候、文化傳統(tǒng)、民族風(fēng)俗和其他因素的影響下經(jīng)過(guò)悠久歷史的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成形。最有影響力、最具代表性的是魯、川、粵、閩、蘇、浙、湘、徽菜系，這八種被人們稱為“八大菜系”。中國(guó)的“八大菜系”是以多種多樣的烹飪方法區(qū)分的，各有其長(zhǎng)處。

China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes.Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors.The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”.Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points。

10、出境旅游 聯(lián)合國(guó)下屬機(jī)構(gòu)世界旅游組織(World Tourism Organization)公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國(guó)游客對(duì)全球旅游業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)最大。中國(guó)人去年花在出境游上的支出膨脹至1020億美元，同2011年相比增長(zhǎng)了40%。聯(lián)合國(guó)世界旅游組織在其網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的一份聲明中說(shuō)，這一增幅令中國(guó)迅速超越德國(guó)和美國(guó)。后兩者在之前是出境游支出最高的兩個(gè)國(guó)家。2012年德美兩國(guó)出境旅游支出均同比增長(zhǎng)6%，約840億美元。

The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry.Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011.That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S.— the former No.1 and No.2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year-on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a 4 statement on its website。

11、竺可楨 1936年竺可楨授命出任浙江大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)。在此之前，他已經(jīng)是一位聲名卓著的自然科學(xué)家了。從1936年到1949年，竺可楨當(dāng)了十三年大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)。在連綿不斷的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、學(xué)運(yùn)的夾縫中，在極為惡劣的環(huán)境下，他跋涉五千里、五易校址、歷經(jīng)五省、顛沛流離，居然將這所他接手時(shí)只有三個(gè)學(xué)院、十六個(gè)系的大學(xué)辦成了擁有七個(gè)學(xué)院、二十七個(gè)學(xué)系全國(guó)最完整的兩所大學(xué)之一。

In 1936,Zhu Kezhen was appointed as the principal of Zhejiang University.Even before then,he had been a famous natural scientist.From 1936 to 1949,Zhu Kezhen worked as the university principal for 13 years.In the extremely hostile environment filled with converging attacks by continuous wars and various university affairs,being homeless and miserable,he trudged 5,000 li and drifted from place to place through 5 provinces,with the university location being changed 5 times.He actually developed the university into one of the nation's two most integrated universities composed of 7 schools and 27 departments,compared with only 3 schools and 16 departments when he took it over.分析: 他跋涉五千里、五易校址、歷經(jīng)五省、顛沛流離，顛沛流離:drifted from place to place,這個(gè)詞還有另外一層意思就是“無(wú)家可歸，生活痛苦”，為了意思表達(dá)的全面，將“homeless and miserable”以分詞形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)譯出，可以表達(dá)這是一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。

12、乒乓球 乒乓球在中國(guó)是一項(xiàng)頗受歡迎和推崇的運(yùn)動(dòng)。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，它的確是中國(guó)唯一的運(yùn)動(dòng)，似乎集足球、籃球和棒球于一身，但卻更受歡迎。任何人都可以打乒乓球，所需的只是一副拍子(paddle)、一個(gè)球、一張桌子和一張網(wǎng)而已，這些都易于臨時(shí)拼湊(improvise)。人們可以在休息間隙或消磨時(shí)間時(shí)打兵兵球。在中國(guó)的學(xué)校、工廠甚至某些公司里，都能找到乒兵球桌。

Table tennis is a sport which gains much popularity and praise in China.For a long time, it has really been the only sport in China and seemed to set football, basketball and baseball all rolled into one, but it was more popular.Anyone can play table tennis, for all required are a pair of paddles and ball and a table and net, which are easy to be improvised.People can play it when taking a break or killing time.You can find table-tennis tables in schools, factories or even some companies all over China.13、找工作 如今，越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)生抱怨很難找到好工作。造成這一現(xiàn)象的原因如下：首先，大學(xué)生把在校的大多數(shù) 時(shí)間都用在了專業(yè)學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)上，只有當(dāng)他們開(kāi)始找工作的時(shí)候，才意識(shí)到自己缺乏必要的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)。其次，大學(xué)生之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也越來(lái)越激烈，這導(dǎo)致任何一名大學(xué)生找到工作的機(jī)會(huì)都變小了。因此，強(qiáng)烈建議大學(xué)生在課余時(shí)間做一些兼職工作，以積累相關(guān)的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job.The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training.Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce.And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job.5 Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.難點(diǎn)精析

1.抱怨很難找到好工作：翻譯為complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job。其中“抱怨做某事”用句型complain about doing sth.表示，having great difficulties in finding a good job表示“找工作有困難”，用到了句型have difficulties in doing sth.。

2.只有當(dāng)他們開(kāi)始找工作的時(shí)候，才意識(shí)到自己缺乏必要的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)：翻譯為it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training?！挥挟?dāng) 才 ’’用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型it is only when?that?表示。，3.導(dǎo)致：翻譯為results in,同義短語(yǔ)有l(wèi)ead to和bring about，但是表示不好的結(jié)果時(shí)一般用短語(yǔ)result in。

4.強(qiáng)烈建議：翻譯為it is highly suggested that...，其中highly suggested也可以用 strongly recommended 替換，都表示“強(qiáng)烈建議做某事”。

5.積累相關(guān)的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)：翻譯為accumulate relevant working experience.14、八大菜系 中國(guó)一個(gè)幅員遼闊、資源豐富、歷史悠久的多民族國(guó)家，每個(gè)民族都有其獨(dú)特的豐富菜肴。地域菜系在地理環(huán)境、氣候、文化傳統(tǒng)、民族風(fēng)俗和其他因素的影響下經(jīng)過(guò)悠久歷史的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成形。最有影響力、最具代表性的是魯、川、粵、閩、蘇、浙、湘、徽菜系，這八種被人們稱為“八大菜系”。中國(guó)的“八大菜系”是以多種多樣的烹飪方法區(qū)分的，各有其長(zhǎng)處。

China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes.Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors.The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”.Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.15、中國(guó)城市化 中國(guó)城市化(urbanization)將會(huì)充分釋放潛在內(nèi)需(domestic demand)。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家指出，在中國(guó)幾乎所有的發(fā)展中城市都面臨著城市化的進(jìn)程。這使得許多人的生活水平有所提高，也為人們提供更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。隨著越來(lái)越多的人向城市遷徙，住房及城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)(infrastructure construction),包括水源等能源的供應(yīng)將會(huì)成為城市發(fā)展的焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。商品與服務(wù)的自由、快速流通是城市化社會(huì)的一項(xiàng)基本特征。逐漸擴(kuò)張的城市需要更多的零售店來(lái)滿足消費(fèi)者的需求。

China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand.Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country.It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities.The construction of housing and city infrastructure, in?cluding water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban develop?ment as more people migrate to cities.Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city.But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation.The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society.Ex-panding cities require more 6 retail outlets to serve customers.16、人類(lèi)文明演變 現(xiàn)代人類(lèi)約公元前50000年第一次從中亞或印度來(lái)到中國(guó)。這些石器時(shí)代(Stone Age)的人，居住在洞穴中，穿著毛皮。公元前4000年左右，這些人開(kāi)始種植水稻，并飼養(yǎng)羊和雞。約公元前3000年，他們開(kāi)始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前2000年，中國(guó)人已進(jìn)入青銅時(shí)代(Bronze Age)，并開(kāi)始用于寫(xiě)字。約公元前700年，中國(guó)的金屬工人學(xué)會(huì)制作鐵器工具和武器。

Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC.These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather.By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens.By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses.By 2,000 BC，Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing.By about 700 BC，Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons.17、大學(xué)生就業(yè)選擇 許多剛畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生找不到工作，在校學(xué)生則擔(dān)心他們的未來(lái)。多個(gè)調(diào)查顯示，三分之二的中國(guó)畢業(yè)生想在政府或者國(guó)有企業(yè)工作，而不是為中國(guó)令人矚目的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)提供動(dòng)力的民營(yíng)企業(yè)。政府和國(guó)有企業(yè)被認(rèn)為能免受經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條的影響。如今幾乎沒(méi)有大學(xué)生愿意放棄政府的鐵飯碗而下海、加入初創(chuàng)企業(yè)或自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。

Many recent college graduates can’t find a job and students are fearful about their future.Two-thirds of Chinese graduates say they want to work either in the government or state-owned firms，which are seen as recession-proof, rather than at the private companies that have powered China’s remarkable economic climb, surveys indicate.Few college students today, according to the surveys, are ready to leave the safe shores of government work and jump into the sea to join startups or go into business.18、全球變暖

目前，全球變暖是一個(gè)熱門(mén)話題，但是有關(guān)全球變暖的各項(xiàng)證據(jù)似乎還有些不同的聲音。人們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道，地球的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了很多周期(cycle),盡管在歷史上還未出現(xiàn)過(guò)像今天這樣的時(shí)代，即高度工業(yè)化(industrialization)產(chǎn)生如此多的污染。全球變暖主要是由于二氧化碳?xì)怏w(carbon dioxide)的增多。

Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but, there is also dissention about the evidence being presented to support the argument.The earth is known to go through cycles;although the past has never produced an age of so much industrialization causing the pollution currently being experienced.A major source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels.19茶馬古道 茶馬古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)兩邊，生活著20多個(gè)少數(shù)民族。不同的地方有著各自美麗而神奇的自然風(fēng)景和傳統(tǒng)文化，比如:大理，麗江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅魯藏布江大峽谷和布達(dá)拉宮(Potala Palace)。古道的兩旁有廟宇、巖石壁畫(huà)、騷站(post house),古橋和木板路，還有少數(shù)民族舞蹈和民族服裝。時(shí)至今天，雖然這條古道的蹤跡都消失了，但它的文化和歷史價(jià)值仍然存在。

Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori?ties.Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace.The road features temples, rock paintings, 7 post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads.It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs.Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.20、月光族 中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，帶來(lái)了消費(fèi)文化的日益流行，同時(shí)也催生了一批具有高學(xué)歷，充分享受資本主義消費(fèi)模式的年輕人，他們習(xí)慣于當(dāng)月工資當(dāng)月花。因而被稱為“月光族”(the moonlight group)?！霸鹿庾濉币辉~出現(xiàn)于20世紀(jì)90年代后期，是用來(lái)諷刺那些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的年輕人。

China’s economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day.At the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumption way.They’re used to spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are called the moon light group”.This word came into being during the 1990s, to make fun of those born into wealth，who have received a high education, and who ap?preciate fast food culture.21、出境游 聯(lián)合國(guó)下屬機(jī)構(gòu)世界旅游組織(World Tourism Organization)公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國(guó)游客對(duì)全球旅游業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)最大。中國(guó)人去年花在出境游上的支出膨脹至1020億美元，同2011年相比增長(zhǎng)了40%。聯(lián)合國(guó)世界旅游組織在其網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的一份聲明中說(shuō)，這一增幅令中國(guó)迅速超越德國(guó)和美國(guó)。后兩者在之前是出境游支出最高的兩個(gè)國(guó)家。2012年德美兩國(guó)出境旅游支出均同比增長(zhǎng)6%,約840億美元。

The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry.Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011.That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S.— the former No.1 and No.2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year-on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a statement on its website.22、全球變暖 目前，全球變暖是一個(gè)熱門(mén)話題，但是有關(guān)全球變暖的各項(xiàng)證據(jù)似乎還有些不同的聲音。人們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道，地球的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了很多周期(cycle),盡管在歷史上還未出現(xiàn)過(guò)像今天這樣的時(shí)代，即高度工業(yè)化(industrialization)產(chǎn)生如此多的污染。全球變暖主要是由于二氧化碳?xì)怏w(carbon dioxide)的增多。

Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but, there is also dissention about the evidence being presented to support the argument.The earth is known to go through cycles;although the past has never produced an age of so much industrialization causing the pollution currently being experienced.A major source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels.23、中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)放緩 就像向中國(guó)出售商品的公司會(huì)看到收益有損失一樣，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)放緩有著世界性的影響。包括澳大利亞、巴西和東南亞在內(nèi)的其他國(guó)家近年來(lái)都看到了巨大的利潤(rùn)，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)對(duì)自然資源有需求。中國(guó)的需求下降巳經(jīng)對(duì)很多商品的價(jià)格有了影響。上周，中國(guó)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)樓繼偉表示,今年的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)可能為7%,而這不一定是“底線”。

A slowdown in economic activity in China has a global impact as companies that 8 sell to China may see revenues suffer.Countries includ?ing Australia, Brazil and others in South East Asia have seen huge profits in recent years because of Chinese demand for natural resources.The fall in demand from China has already had an impact on the prices of many commodities.Last week，China’s Finance Minister Lou Jiwei indicated that economic growth could be 7% for the year, and that this may not be the “bottom line”.24、探望父母 這周頒布的一項(xiàng)新法律要求子女必須經(jīng)常探望年齡超過(guò)60歲的父母，并確保他們經(jīng)濟(jì)和精神上的需求得到滿足。星期二，新華社報(bào)導(dǎo)了_條新聞，來(lái)自江蘇市無(wú)錫市的一位77歲的老太太起訴她的女兒忽略她。這是新法律生效后的第一起案件，當(dāng)?shù)胤ㄔ阂?guī)定她的女兒至少每月探望母親兩次，并提供財(cái)力支持。但是這項(xiàng)法律引發(fā)了爭(zhēng)議。有人說(shuō)這給了那些因?yàn)楣ぷ?、學(xué)習(xí)或者其他原因搬離家鄉(xiāng)的人更多壓力。

A new national law introduced this week requires the offspring of parents older than 60 to visit their parents “frequently” and make sure their financial and spiritual needs are met.On Tuesday, Xinhua reported a news that a 77-year-old woman from Jiangsu city of Wuxi sued her daughter for neglecting her.In the first case after the new law came into effect, the local court ruled that her daughter must visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support.But the law’s introduction has proved controversial.Some say it puts too much pressure on those who move away from home for work, study or other opportunities.25、端午節(jié) 農(nóng)歷五月初五的端午節(jié)(the Dragon Boat Festival)是個(gè)盛大的節(jié)日。它的另一名稱——“重五節(jié)”就來(lái)源于這個(gè)日期。這個(gè)節(jié)日根據(jù)一個(gè)廣為流傳的故事，演變?yōu)榧o(jì)念戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期(the Warring States Period)楚國(guó)偉大愛(ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人屈原的日子。如果事實(shí)果真如此，那么端午節(jié)已經(jīng)有大約2500年的存史了。端午節(jié)最盛行的活動(dòng)是賽龍舟和吃粽子(rice dumpling)。自2008年以來(lái)，端午節(jié)在中國(guó)巳不僅僅是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日,還是公共假期。

The Dragon Boat Festival is a grand festival celebrated on the 5th day of 5th month of the Chinese lunar calendar.This is the source of the alternative name of Double Fifth Festival.According to a widely stated story, the festival developed to commemorate the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan of Chu State in Warring States Period.If that is true, Dragon Boat Festival has a history of about 2,500 years.The most popular activities of Dragon Boat festival are racing dragon boats and eating rice dumplings.Since 2008，Dragon Boat Festival has been celebrated not only as a festival but also a public holiday in China.26、教育公平為了促進(jìn)教育公平，中國(guó)已經(jīng)投入360億元，用于改善農(nóng)村地區(qū)教育設(shè)施和加強(qiáng)中西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育。這些資金用于改善教學(xué)設(shè)施、購(gòu)買(mǎi)書(shū)籍，使16萬(wàn)多所中小學(xué)收益。資金還用于購(gòu)置音樂(lè)和繪畫(huà)器材?，F(xiàn)在農(nóng)村和山區(qū)的兒童可以與沿海城市的兒童一樣上音樂(lè)和繪畫(huà)課。一些為接受更好教育而轉(zhuǎn)往城市上學(xué)的學(xué)生如今又回到了本地農(nóng)村學(xué)校就讀。(2014年6月真題)In order to promote equity in education, China has invested 36 billion yuan for the improvement of educational facilities in rural areas and strengthening of rural compulsory education Midwest.These funds were used to improve the teaching facilities, purchase of books, so that more than 160,000 primary and secondary 9 income.Funds are also used to purchase music and painting equipment.Now children in rural and mountainous areas with children's coastal cities like music and painting lessons.Some receive a better education for the city school students now transferred back to the local rural schools now.27、飲酒 長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，飲酒(white spirit)在中國(guó)人的生活中一直扮演著重要的角色，無(wú)論是帝王還是百姓。飲酒是中國(guó)文化的一部分。中國(guó)人的祖先在作詩(shī)、寫(xiě)散文時(shí)喜歡飲酒，在宴會(huì)上還會(huì)向親戚朋友敬酒。但飲酒不僅屬于文化人，也是普通人生活中不可缺少的一部分。人們?cè)诟鞣N場(chǎng)合飲酒，如生日宴會(huì)、餞行宴會(huì)、婚禮宴會(huì)(wedding banquet)等。搬進(jìn)新房或生意開(kāi)業(yè)時(shí)，也會(huì)邀請(qǐng)人們來(lái)吃飯、飲酒。

Drinking white spirit has been taking an important role in Chinese people's life from emperors to ordinary people for a long time.Drinking white spirit is a part of Chinese culture.Chinese ancestors enjoyed drinking white spirit while writing poems or proses and they also toasted their relatives and friends at the feast.But drinking white spirit is not only for scholars，it is also an indispensable part of Chinese ordinary people's life.People drink white spirit on various occasions, such as the birthday party，farewell dinner，wedding banquet, etc.When someone moves into a new house or starts doing business，he/she will invite people for dinner and drinking white spirit.28、筷子 筷子(chopstick)起源于中國(guó)古代，一直是中國(guó)飲食文化重要的一部分。我們的祖先喜歡吃蒸煮食物，但用勺子很難舀(spoon out)到湯里的蔬菜，所以發(fā)明了筷子。從此，筷子成為他們生活中最為方便的餐具(tableware),標(biāo)志著飲食文明的到來(lái)。如今，筷子除了具有餐具功能外，增添了很多新功能。熟練手藝人在筷子 上描繪美麗的風(fēng)景，使之變成精美的藝術(shù)品。許多人熱衷于收集筷子作為藏品。

Chopsticks originated in ancient China and have been an important part of Chinese food culture.Our ancestors liked to have steamed or boiled food，but it was difficult for them to spoon out vegetables from the soup, so they invented chopsticks.Thus chopsticks have become the most convenient tableware in their life and marked the coming of food civilization.Nowadays，chopsticks are added many new functions besides being used as one kind of tableware.Skillful craftsmen paint beautiful sceneries on them to make them look like fine artworks.Many people are keen to gather them as their collections.29、臘八節(jié) 臘八節(jié)(the Laba Festival)在農(nóng)歷最后一個(gè)月的第八天慶祝，標(biāo)志著春節(jié)慶祝 活動(dòng)的開(kāi)始?！芭D”指“臘月(the 12th lunar month)”，是農(nóng)歷第十二個(gè)月，“八”指的 是數(shù)字8。臘八節(jié)通常在1月中旬。大多數(shù)漢族人遵循臘八節(jié)喝臘八粥(Laba rice porridge)的習(xí)俗。臘八粥最早在宋朝傳入中國(guó)。據(jù)史料記載，一些大型寺廟會(huì)為窮人提供臘八粥來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)佛祖(Buddha)的虔誠(chéng)。明朝時(shí)，臘八粥成為皇帝在此節(jié)日賞賜群臣的神圣食物。

Laba Festival is celebrated on the eighth day of the last lunar month, marking the beginning of celebrating the Chinese Spring Festival.La means the 12th lunar month and ba means the number eight.The date usually falls in mid-January.The majority of people from Han nationality has followed the tradition of eating Laba rice porridge on the Laba Festival.Laba rice porridge was first introduced to China in the Song 10 Dynasty.According to historical records, some large temples would offer the poor Laba rice porridge to show their faith to Buddha.In the Ming Dynasty, it became a holy food that emperors would use to award their officials on the festival.30、京劇 京劇(Beijing Opera)是中國(guó)的國(guó)粹。作為一門(mén)古老的藝術(shù)，京劇的服裝(costume)、臉譜(facial mask)更易被人喜愛(ài)。不同的服裝 類(lèi)型反映不同的人物身份特征。富貴者的服裝綴滿精美的刺繡;窮困 者的服裝則簡(jiǎn)單樸素，少有裝飾(elemental)。臉譜是京劇中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的顏色在臉上勾畫(huà)出來(lái)的。臉譜的顏 色讓人一看便知角色(portray)的善惡。比如白色代表奸詐(treachery)，黑色代表正直不阿，黃色是驍勇，藍(lán)、綠色多用于綠林好漢(rebellious fighters)，金、銀色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。

Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture.As a tradi?tional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people.Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters.There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental.Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters.Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character.People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.11