第一篇：外貿經貿知識選讀

全國2010年7月高等教育自學考試

外刊經貿知識選讀試題

課程代碼：00096

一、單項選擇題(本大題共15小題，每小題2分，共30分)

在每小題列出的四個備選項中只有一個可以替代句中劃線的單詞或詞組，請將其代碼填寫在題后的括號內。錯選、多選或未選均無分。

1.The original ban on private trading had long since been()

A.waved

B.waited

C.waived

D.wanted

2.are produced according to sample provided by the customer.()

A.Procedures

B.Products

C.Potentials

D.Proposals

3.China is the rewards of reforms first launched by Deng Xiaoping in 1979.()

A.obtaining

B.bouncing

C.radiating

D.raising

4.Many countries in the region were adversely by declines in workers’ remittances and tourism revenues.()

A.stagnated

B.slackened

C.compounded

D.impacted

5.The museum stored all articles in a locked showcase.()

A.breakable

B.payable

C.considerable D.amenable

6.The US asks the World Trade Organization to limit trade to $1bn instead of the $4bn sanctions the EU wants to impose.()

A.penalties

B.confrontations

C.frictions

D.consequences

7.The world’s second largest economy, Japan, has been for nearly a decade, after the boom of the early 1980s collapsed.()

A.active

B.robust

C.inactive

D.encouraging

8.Exports of Japanese machinery the downturn quite well because the Asian economies that buy them continued to boom.()

A.disputed

B.provoked

C.reckoned

D.resisted

9.Email scripts on a computer without one’s knowledge.()

A.trespass

B.eliminate

C.detract

D.proceed

10.Dubai is making progress in its efforts to promote international of its attractions.()

A.accommodation

B.consciousness

C.coincidence

D.legitimacy

11.Security Council members confirm support for African efforts to conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea.()

A.spread

B.spoil

C.stop

D.spill

12.Smoking is strictly in the process of handling explosive materials.()

A.flourished

B.endured

C.subsidized

D.forbidden

13.Big companies understand the importance of()

A.executives

B.experiments

C.franchises

D.trademarks

14.That market alone half of the volume and 40 per cent of the value of the total U.S.exports of shell eggs for food use.()

A.added to

B.shared with

C.amounted to

D.connected with

15.International not-for-profit trade association with 50 corporate members resided in 20 countries who produce 95 percent of the world supply of rubber.()

A.productive

B.artificial

C.tropical

D.artistic

二、將下列詞組譯成中文（本大題共10小題，每小題1 分，共10分）

16.market share

17.raw material

18.capital market

19.foreign-exchange reserves

20.bilateral pacts

21.intellectual property

22.free trade

23.(OPEC)

24.hard currency

25.consumer goods

三、將下列詞組譯成英文（本大題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分）

26.戰(zhàn)略性儲備

27.服務貿易

28.供應過剩

29.清算協(xié)議

30.利息付款

31.特別提款權

32.證券投資

33.生產力

34.合資企業(yè)

35.技術轉讓

四、簡答題（本大題共6小題，共18分）

Passage 1

In 1991, for the second year the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually as measured by an increase in per capita gross domestic product(GDP).output for developing countries advanced by slightly less than 2 per cent during 1991(similar to the weak performance of 1990), implying an easing in per capita income of 0.1 per cent.Aggregate statistics for 1991 were influenced by the sharp decline in output in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as by the adverse effects of the Gulf crisis on several economies in the Middle East.Excluding Central and Eastern Europe, growth in developing countr

ies in 1991 was 3.4 per cent, compared with 3.8 per cent during the 1980s.Estimates of GDP growth by major region show an acceleration in Latin America and in sub-Saharan Africa;an increase in China’s growth rate helped to sustain high rates of growth in the East Asia region.36.What do “in a row”, “stagnate” and “aggregate” mean in the first paragraph?

37.What kind of influence did the Gulf crisis have on the Middle East economy?

38.What does the report mean to emphasize using the word “geographic”?

Passage 2

Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk appears intended to pressure trading partners into offering concession and to unblock stalled negotiations on several fronts.But it appears that officials are prepared to turn up the temperature on trade—and live with the consequences.In some ways, Mr.Clinton and his advisers are following the same well-trod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for U.S.companies.The same political pressures from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are now bearing down on the Clinton team.39.“Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk” is described as being “tactical” in the text.What is the implication of in the given context?

40.What did the Clinton administration have in common with the Bush administration in their attitude toward the EU?

41.Why did America refuse to sign a GATT agreement as mentioned in the second passage?

五、正誤判斷題（本大題共10小題，每小題2分，共20分）

Passage 1

John T.Chambers, Chief Executive of Cisco Systems, talks about the merger of Cisco with a larger company:

A merger of equals had a lot of appeal.If you combine the Number 1 and Number 2 players in an industry, by definition you’re Number 1 in terms of size.By combining two companies with good management teams, you automatically build up the strength of your management.You can also widen your customer base and have more distribution channels.In addition, the merger automatically makes your remaining competition second level.As a result, your competition must rethink its strategy.In the end, you force a period of mergers and acquisitions on your competition.When we looked more closely, our concerns were raised.For example, 50 percent of large-scale mergers fail.Mergers can fail on a number of levels.They can fail in terms of their benefit to the shareholders, customers, employees and business partners.A decision has to be right with each of those groups, or we would not go forward with it.If you merge two companies that are growing at 80 percent rates, you stand a very good chance of stopping both of them.That’s a fact.For a period of time, no matter how smoothly they operate, you lose momentum.Our industry is not like the banking industry, where you are acquiring branch banks and customers.In our industry, you are acquiring people.And if you don’t keep those people, you have made a terrible, terrible investment.We pay between $500,000 and $2 million per person in an acqusition.So you can understand that if you don’t keep the people, you’ve done a tremendous disservice to your shareholders.So we focus first on the people and how we incorporate them into our company, and then we focus on how to drive the business.42.The passage talks about the benefits and problems after a merger of companies.()

43.The word “competition” in this passage means “rivals”.()

44.In order to compete with other companies, Cisco is forced to go into the next round of mergers.()

45.The reason why 50 percent of large-scale mergers fail is just that the companies do not let their shareholders, customers, employees and business partners make decisions.()

46.When Cisco Systems buys another company, its primary focus is on its customers.()Passage 2

In the eyes of economists, economic growth is a phenomenon about population.First, the accumulation of capital needed to support growth comes from citizens’ saving tendencies.A labor-intensive economy has more deposit capacity than an ageing society.Secondly, economic growth relies on the growth of labor forces, especially young laborers.Sustained growth also depends on education standards.In China, labor forces are mainly outsourced from rural areas.In the past 25 years, some 160 million rural laborers have quit traditional farming and found employment in cities or non-farming sectors.Although agriculture still employs more than 60 per cent of China’s population, its share in the country’s financial revenue has declined to less than 15 per cent, dropping from 40 per cent or so in late 1970s.This also shows that China’s growth is mainly based on an industrialization course featuring expansion of the manufacturing sector.Continuous supply of labor forces has improved China’s private saving capability substantially, which means surplus income that can be reinvested to fuel economic growth.The importance of labor supply in China’s growth dynamics means it is necessary to review the way China’s population increases.After years of decline, China’s birth rate is now equivalent to that of other emerging East Asian economies.The low birth rate in the country is mainly a result of the family planning policy initiated in the late 1970s.Some scholars have estimated China will see zero growth in young laborers in 2015.Some have also projected that by 2030, 20 per cent of China’s population will be over 60-years-old, compared to 8 per cent now, and the number of pensioners will be more than 40

per cent of the number of working people.47.This passage mainly talks about the importance of labor supply in China’s economic growth.()

48.The two factors that will limit China’s future growth are the industrialization process and the slowdown in labor supply.()

49.China’s productivity mainly resulted from the transfer of labor forces to farming sectors.()

50.One major characteristic of China’s industrialization is the development of manufacturing business.()

51.The contribution of agriculture to China’s financial revenue has remained quite stable over the past three decades.()

六、翻譯題（本大題12分）

52.Interest in imports from China is high.The Chinese consulate’s commercial section in Dubai reported a continual stream of visitors in the run-up to the exhibition from companies wanting to do business for the first time with China.More than 4,000 Chinese traders visited the emirates on government and private missions last year.As a result of this activity, China’s exports to the UAE have almost doubled from $279.5 million in 1990 to $522.7 million in 1992, according to Chinese government statistics.Dubai’s statistics show that China was the fifth largest supplier in 1990

第二篇：自考經貿知識選讀復習材料(串講)

第一章

一、術語

制成品 manufactured goods 資本貨物 capital goods 國際收支 balance of payments 經常項目 current account 有形貿易項目 visible trade account 無形貿易項目 invisible trade account 貿易順差 trade surplus 貿易逆差 trade deficit

易貨貿易 barter 補償貿易 compensation trade 反向貿易 counter-trade 組裝生產 assembly manufacturing 工商統(tǒng)一稅 industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合資企業(yè) joint venture 延期付款 deferred payment 買方信貸 buyer credit 賣方信貸 supplier credit 軟貸款(低息貸款)soft loan 最惠國待遇 MFN treatment(Most Favored nation treatment)

永久性正常貿易關系 PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations)國民收入 NI(National Income)國民生產總值 GNP(Gross National Product)國內生產總值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)國際復興和

開發(fā)銀行 IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)國際開發(fā)協(xié)會 IDA(International Development Association)國際金融公司

IFC(International Finance Comporation)經濟合作和發(fā)展組織 OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)

國際清算銀行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement)歐洲經濟共同體 EEC(European Economic Community)歐洲聯(lián)盟 EU(European Union)外商直接投資 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)

二、詞語釋義：

substantially : dramatically, significantly, considerably

subsequently: afterwards

exacerbate: deteriorate, worsen;aggravate;make worse

withdraw: cancellation 1

theme: principle

in return for: in exchange for

disrupt: interrupt

destined: designed

pronounced: marked

in the wake of: following;after with

undue: too much;unbearable

reverse: change to the opposite

buoyant: brisk

outcome: result

boost: stimulate;promote;develop

recover: rebound

facilitate: make easy

run-down: reduction

mount exhibitions: hold exhibitions

insofar as: to the extent

bottlenecks: obstacles

三、句子翻譯

1.During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世紀50年代，中國向前蘇聯(lián)和東歐各國出口農產品以換取制成品和國家的工業(yè)化計劃所要求的資本設備，而國家的工業(yè)化計劃則強調重工業(yè)的發(fā)展。

2.The growth of foreign trade was distrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious.在文化大革命期間，外貿的增長又一次被打斷了。當時農業(yè)和工業(yè)生產急劇下降，運輸管制變的更嚴重。

3.Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China’s economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979.Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy.在這個時期，出口增長要快于進口增長不僅是由于中國經濟計劃者著重強調出口，也是因為大多工業(yè)項目在1979年被推遲了。官方承認外國技術能夠在中國經濟的現(xiàn)代化化中起重大作用，這導致了1978年中國的進口增加了50%以上，從而給國民經濟帶來了重壓。

4.Chinese official stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry, but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication，not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West.中國官員強調為國內工業(yè)引進先進技術的重要性，但是需要的是各種程度不同的精尖技術，而不是像西方國家理解的先進技術。

5.There are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of payments，but the size of the visible trade surplus during 1981-1983 and a pronounced increase in earnings from tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years.沒有官方的統(tǒng)計資料涉及無形貿易收支，但在1981-1983年期間的有形貿易順差的大小和旅游贏利的顯著增長表明了經常項目在過去幾年里有盈余。

6.Goods are produced according to a sample provided by the customer，while strong encouragement is given to compensation trade whereby a foreign seller supplies raw materials and equipment and receives manufactured goods, produced by the equipment provided，in return.Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link between the equipment supplied from abroad and the manufactured product.Assembly manufacturing began in 1978 and particular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation.根據顧客提供的樣品來生產產品，同時強烈鼓勵補償貿易。由此國外的供應商提供原材料和設備并收到由其提供的設備生產出來的制成品作為回報。補償貿易在某種程度上不同于易貨貿易和反向貿易，在國外提供的設備和制成品中有直接的聯(lián)系。來件組裝始于1978年，特殊的對外貿易形式有資格免除關稅和其他稅收。

7.The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China’s determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets.The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackled.許多發(fā)展中國家面對的債務問題使中國在引進外國技術時下了這樣的決心：采用直接投資和優(yōu)惠付款方式融資，而不是在國際資本市場籌集大額的資金。在經濟中的許多實際瓶頸，如運輸網絡的不足和能源缺乏被克服以前，官方認為招來大筆外債的做法是不妥當?shù)摹?/p>

第二章

一、術語：

1.The special Economic Zone 經濟特區(qū)

2.a well-placed source 一位高層消息靈通人士

3.infrastructure 基礎設施

4.capital stock 實際資本

5.consumer goods 消費品

6.preferential tax rate 優(yōu)惠稅率

7.cooperative enterprise 合作(經營)企業(yè)

8.ETDZ(Economic &Technical Development Zone)經濟技術開發(fā)區(qū)

9.entrepreneurship 企業(yè)家精神

10.means of production 生產資料

11.stock-taking 評估

12.Allocation of resources 資源配置

13.macroregulation and control 宏觀調控

14.fiscal policies 財政政策

15.tight monetary policy 緊縮的貨幣政策

16.working capital 運營資本

17.basic policy 基本國策

18.technical transformation 技術革新

二、詞語釋義：

1.in piecemeal form: piece by piece;gradually 逐漸的 2.showpiece: a prime or outstanding example 典范

3.pipedream: fantasy;daydream;dream that cannot be realized 白日夢

4.from scratch: from the very beginning 從零開始，從最初開始

5.grassroots: basic level 基層

6.the dust settles: the confusion ends 塵埃落定

7.in the driver’s seat: in the dominant position

三、句子翻譯：

1.A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain, declared itself “open to the outside world” and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business.明顯地，滿懷信心的中國卷起了大部分的竹幕，并宣布向外部世界開放，打出邀請外國投資者來它所有的城市投資項目的招牌。

2.The literally, this does not make more sense as the parts of the coast which have not been “opened” are simply not ready for the demands of foreign businessman.從字面上來理解，這沒有太大的意義，由于部分沿海城市還沒有為外商的需求做好準備。

3.In the SEZs, which are being built almost from scratch, foreigners can invest in anything which the state deems useful for the country, be it, for example, production of goods for export or construction of private-housing estates.在一切幾乎從零開始的經濟特區(qū)，只要中國政府認為對國家有益，外國人可對任何項目進行投資，例如出口貨物的生產或私人住宅的房地產開發(fā)。

4.So, while comprehensive framework for the country“s modernization has been provided by the central committee”s 21 October 1984 decision to reform the economic structure, it will be some time before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors can deal with one another in a systematic way.6

因此，雖然中央委員會1984年10月21日的改革經濟結構的決定為該國的現(xiàn)代化提供了一個綜合的框架，但要等塵埃落定、要等地方政府與外國投資者能有條不紊的打交道卻還需要一段時間。

5.Stock-taking of the open policy will come later this year when the National People’s Congress discusses the seventh five-year plan, which will run to the end of the decade.評估開放政策將在這年遲一些到來，在全國人民代表大會討論第七個五年計劃，到10年末將進行。第三章

一、術語：

1.economic heavyweight 舉足輕重的經濟強國

2.commercial hub 商業(yè)活動中心

3.Per capita 人均

4.Gross National Product 國民生產總值

5.punitive import tariff 懲罰性進口關稅

6.securities 有價證券

7.real estate market 房地產市場

8.“ Greater China”trade bloc “大中華”貿易集團

9.conglomerate 跨行業(yè)公司

10.consortium 國際財團

11.GATT:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 關貿總協(xié)定

二、詞語釋義：

1.jockey: move 7

2.is bustling with: is filled with

3.giddy: dizzy;euphoric

4.farfetched: improbable;incredible

5.clear: earn a net profit

6.deal a hard blow t strike heavily

7.rung: level

8.retaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment;revenge;reprisal

9.career out of control: run out of control

三、句子翻譯：

1.A farfetched prediction? The new American administration doesn’t think so.Bill Clinton has appointed China hands to top Asia posts at the state and Treasury departments.When critics called the appointments a slight to Japan, the leading Pacific economic power, U.S.Deputy Treasury Secretary Roger Altman explained the administration’s reasoning: by early in the next century, he said ,China may replace Japan in importance to the U.S.as an economic partner.Japan recognizes the rise of China.As a warning shot in an intensifying rivalry, Tokyo last week put punitive import tariffs on Chinese steel.一個牽強的預測嗎？新美國行政機構不這樣俯為，克林頓已被委任中國國務院和財政部在亞洲的要職，評論家稱這個委任冷落了日本。最大的太平經濟力量，美國的代表-財政部長羅格·奧得曼解釋行政機構的理由：他說：“在下個世紀初，中國可以會取代日本作為美國經濟伙伴的重要地位?！比毡境姓J中國的崛起，上周日本作為在日益激烈競爭中的一次鳴槍警示給中國的鋼以懲罰性的進口關稅。

2.With the U.S.Congress due to consider the renewal of China“s most-favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S.opposition to preferred status for China.8 “The trade surplus itself will be the NO.1 problem this year.” Says one Chinese official.“After Japan, we’ll be first in line for relation.”

美國議會由于考慮在六月延長中國最惠國待遇，北京的官員擔心貿易不平衡可能超越人權問題而作為反對優(yōu)惠待遇的借口。中國的一位官員說：“貿易順差將會成為今年首要問題?！崩^日本之后，我們會成為第一個被報復的國家。

3.However, even as the party promotes growth as a national priority, it worries about going too far.Inflation has recently climbed back into double digits, and the party press is issuing strident warnings, urging restraint on buyers and sellers alike.Rapid development is overwhelming China’s antique transport networks.然而，正當黨把促進增長作為一個國家優(yōu)先的問題時，它又擔心增長的太快。通貨膨脹已在近期又回到了兩位數(shù)，黨政刊物發(fā)出刺耳的警告，力勸買賣方都要克制。

第四章

一、術語：

1.centrally-planned economy 中央計劃經濟

2.market economy 市場經濟

3.disinflationary(anti-inflationary)policies 反通貨膨脹政策

4.deflation 通貨緊縮

5.short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率

6.commodity market 商品市場

7.nominal(dollar)terms 名義(美元)價

8.constant(dollar)terms 不變(美元)價9.business cycle 商業(yè)周期

10.weighted average 加權平均數(shù)

11.hard currencies 硬通貨

12.fiscal adjustment 財政調整

13.portfolio investment 有價證券投資

14.market diversification 市場多元化

15.tight credit policy 緊縮的信貸政策16.exchange-rate devaluation 匯率貶值

17.accommodative monetary policy 融通性貨幣政策

18.yield curve 收益曲線

19.per capita GDP 人均國內生產總值

20.GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 關貿總協(xié)定

21.EMS: European Monetary System 歐洲貨幣體系

22.GDP deflator 消除國內生產總值通貨膨脹因素指數(shù)(GDP平減指數(shù))

23.CMEA(Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 經互會

24.LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 倫敦同業(yè)銀行優(yōu)惠利率

22.per capita income 人均收入

23.multilateral trade agreements 多邊貿易協(xié)定

24.Portfolio investment 證券投資

25.cyclical deceleration in investment spending 生產總值通貨膨脹因素指數(shù)

26.the population-weighted growth rate 人口加權增長率

二、詞語釋義：

1.in a row: in succession

2.easing: slowing down;decrease

3.momentum: force of movement

4.underlying: being at the basis of

5.slackening: slowing of speed

6.compound: worsen

7.moderate inflation: ease inflation

8.robust: strong and healthy

9.setbacks: frustrations

10.slump: depression

11.edge down: move slowly down

12.depreciation: devaluation

13.spike: abrupt increase

14.pick-up: recovery

15.rein in: control

16.bottoming-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again(止跌回升)

17.stagnat: stop;almost

三、句子翻譯：

1.International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated in 1991.The Seven major industrial countries(the G-7)experienced a significant slowdown in GDP growth-from 2.8 percent in 1990 to 1.9 percent during 1991 as recession gripped Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States and growth rates slowed in Continental Europe and Japan.In important respects.The slowdown was different from those that occurred during the 1970s and 1980s.Rather than reflecting the effect of disinflationary policies, weakness in demand was more closely related to the loss of momentum that had built up during the long period of expansion that began in 1983.In addition, a common factor underlying the slowdown in many industrial countries was the cyclical deceleration in investment spending.1991年，在發(fā)展中國家增長惡化的國際情形下，七個主要工業(yè)國的國內生產總值經歷了一個急劇的下滑，從1990年的2.8%下降到1991年的1.9%，像加拿大、美國、英國陷入了蕭條，歐洲大陸和日本增長率減緩。這個減速與發(fā)生在20世紀70年代和80年代的不同。并不是反通貨膨脹政策的結果，需求的疲軟大多與發(fā)展勢頭的喪失緊密相關，這個勢頭開始于1983年，在長期擴充中已經形成。此外，在許多工業(yè)國減速的一個普遍的根本因素是投資開支的周期性。

2.Although the weakness in demand in the United States led to a sharp decline in short-term dollar interest rates—a positive development for many developing countries—it also contributed to a drop of over 6 percent in nominal commodity prices and to a slackening, to 3 percent, in the growth of world trade.These trends were compounded by worsening economic conditions in the soviet Union and its successor states, where a growing shortage of foreign exchange led to a compression of import from Eastern Europe and an acceleration of certain commodity exports to earn hard currencies.盡管美國疲軟的需求導致了短期美元利率急劇地下跌，但對于發(fā)展中國家的發(fā)展是積極的，它也導致了名義產品價格約6%的下跌，世界貿易增長下跌了3%。蘇聯(lián)和它的后繼國經濟情形的惡化加劇了這一趨勢，外匯短缺的增長導致了從東歐進口的壓縮，加速了某些產品的出口，獲得了硬通貨。

3.Financial stress brought on by excessive debt in the household and corporate sectors was an example of another kind of structural problem, in particular for the economies of Japan and the United States.Financial institutions in these two countries adopted more conservative lending policies, curtailing financing of higher-risk projects such as commercial construction and highly leveraged corporate transaction.A number of weaker institutions were also consolicated through bankruptcy, merger and reorganization.12

過多債務的財政壓力招致了家族和公司部門是另外一種結構問題的例子，尤其是日本和美國的經濟。這兩個國家在財政制度上采取了比較保守的借貸政策，削減了對商業(yè)建筑這類高風險的財政項目和對公司依靠大量借貸進行交易的融資。大多數(shù)疲軟的機構也通過破產，合并和重組來聯(lián)合。

4.The major risk facing this highly trade-oriented region is the potential for sluggishness or disruption in world-trade flows.Economic weakness in some of the region’s traditional export markets has underlined the importance of market diversification, including a further strengthening of ties within the region.Increasingly buoyant intraregional trade in East Asia may be viewed as evidence of an ongoing process of “market-oriented” regional integration, a development that could partially offset lackluster progress in the area of multilateral trade agreements.這個高度以貿易為導向的地區(qū)面對的風險主要是潛在的世界貿易流中的蕭條或混亂。一些地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)出口市場的經濟萎靡已強調了市場多樣化的重要性。包括進一步加強地區(qū)內的聯(lián)系。

日益活躍的東亞內貿易可被視為一個“市場導向”地區(qū)一體化的見證，這一點可彌補多邊貿易協(xié)定領域毫無生氣的進展局面。第五章

一、術語：

trade representative 貿易談判代表

government procurement 政府采購

NAFTA(North America Free Trade Agreements)北美自由貿易協(xié)定

trade sanctions 貿易制裁

trade hawks 貿易中主張強硬路線的鷹派人物

二、詞語釋義：

1.tough: uncompromising(不妥協(xié)的，強硬的)

2.discrimination: unfair treatment

3.sanctions: penalty

4.escalate: develop;intensify

5.frictions: conflicts

6.procurement: purchase

7.be bullied into doing: be forced to do

8.is awake t is conscious of

9.amenable to responsive to

10.a ragged start: a poor start

11.intolerable: unbearable

12.retaliate: revenge;reprisal

13.impose: exert;influence

14s.drawn-out: prolonged and boring

15.shock: impact

16.prompting: provoking

17.tactical: skillful

18.underpinning: foundation

19.peeved: annoyed

20.embrace: acceptance

三、句子翻譯：

1.WASHINGTON-The Clinton administration is drawing the first lines of a tougher U.S.policy on trade, signaling to Europe and Japan that it will demand fairer treatment for American exports and is prepared to see relationships with U.S.trading partners get worse before they get better.華盛頓消息：克林頓政府正采取更加強硬的美國貿易政策，向歐洲和日本發(fā)出信號要求對美國的出口品提供一個更為公正的待遇，并已做好準備迎接將在與貿易伙伴關系改善之前出現(xiàn)的關系惡化。

2.The strongest signal came last week, when Mickey Kanter, the U.S.trade representative, moved quickly to cite the 12-nation European Community for “intolerable” discrimination against U.S.companies seeking government contracts within the community.The administration will begin retaliating in six weeks if EC policies remain unchanged.最強的信號來自于上周，美國貿易代表米奇·凱特引用歐共體的話指出，12國歐共體謀求共同體內部的政府間合同是對美國公司的“令人無法忍受的”歧視。凱特先生說，如果歐共體一意孤行，美國政府將于六周后開始報復。

3.Administration officials see little risk that this more aggressive policy could escalate into a full-fledged trade war that would shock the world”s fragile economies.Thus, the administration will not be deterred by complaints that it has moved to “protectionism.”

對于這種更加大膽的政策會升級為震動世界脆弱經濟的全面貿易戰(zhàn)爭，政府官員認為這種危險的可能性很小，因此雖有人抱怨美國已趨向“貿易保護主義”，政府不會受其阻礙。

4.In some ways, Mr.Clinton and his advisers are following the same well-trod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for U.S.companies.從某種程度上，克林頓先生和他的顧問們正在走一條人們熟悉的與布什政府相同的路。布什政府去年曾威脅對歐共體實行制裁，并退出了關貿總協(xié)定的談判，沒有答署只會給美國公司帶來小量收益的協(xié)定。

第六章

一、術語：

the single market 統(tǒng)一大市場 Maastricht Treaty 馬斯特里赫特條約

barrier-free market 無壁壘市場 free-trade zone 自由貿易區(qū)

referendum 公民復決投票 merger 兼并

budget cuts 預算削減 political and economic integration 政治經濟一體化

deregulation 放松管制 privatization 私有化

二、詞語釋義：

big bang: strong and powerful effect;impact(不同凡響的效果)

sour: worsen backlash: a strong adverse reaction

be bursting to: be eager to(迫不及待地 ?)skid: slide;fall

gush about: talk about with excessive enthusiasm(滔滔不絕地談論)

translate into: transform into hang over: impend over;threaten

三、句子翻譯：

1.Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world“s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market — and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have led to some of history”s bloodiest wars.But perhaps the major reason is the dark economic clouds now hanging over Europe.One of the central justifications for the single market was its ability to create greater prosperity, but it is making its debut just as Europe traverses one of its roughest economic storms in years.然而在目前抑郁的情緒中，歐洲幾乎冒險忽視了那種前進的革命性步伐，它曾以那種步伐創(chuàng)立了世界上最大的、最富有的自由市場——在一個大洲，那里幾個世紀以來經 濟上的爭斗已經導致了一些歷史上最血腥的戰(zhàn)爭。另外，一些觀察家說，如果無法通過推進歐洲一體化來加強大市場，那將導致破壞內部市場計劃已經取得的成就。

2.The single market is central to the community“s progress, but it is by no means certain that it could stand alone, says one senior EC official here, ”if the political will to continue moving forward fails, we can anticipate more strains in the marriage contract that ultimately would strike at what we“ve accomplished.”

“大市場是共同體進步的中心，但是決不能肯定它能獨立存在”，一位歐共體高級官員在這里說，“如果繼續(xù)前進的政治意愿沒有了，我們能預見到聯(lián)姻協(xié)議中會出現(xiàn)更多的緊張因素，它們最終會打擊我們已經取得的成績?！?/p>

第三篇：外貿相關知識

外貿相關知識

1.企業(yè)如何辦理進出口資質，需要哪些資料

首先要到商務局辦理對外貿易經營者備案登記，后續(xù)還需涉及到工商、稅務、海關、出入境檢驗檢疫局、電子口岸、外匯管理局等大約七個部門。

需要準備營業(yè)執(zhí)照復印件、組織機構代碼證復印件、國地稅正副本復印件、法定代表人身份證復印件、銀行開戶核準通知書復印件、財務人員身份證復印件、企業(yè)章程復印件等資料。

1、進出口權申請要領哪幾個證件

大約要申領五個證件。對外貿易經營者備案登記表、檢驗檢疫證書、自理報關海關注冊證書、電子口岸身份識別卡和電子口岸IC卡等。

2、如果貨物被查驗，基本流程是什么樣

若遇查驗。首先在出口科的查驗登記本上登記，然后制作關封，把關封送往箱子所在的碼頭的監(jiān)管科查驗。

查驗過程大致為：查驗接單—移箱—開箱查驗—寫查驗報告—報關員簽字—武警簽字—科長簽字—返單。

3、出口合同履行的一般程序

① 申請領取出口許可證（外經貿機構批準）② 申請原產地證書（貿促會批準）

③ 接受法定檢驗或委托鑒定，取得檢驗報告或鑒定證書（商檢提供）④ 催證、審證、改證

⑤ 制作各類單據（如匯票、發(fā)票等）⑥ 辦理托運手續(xù) ⑦ 投保

⑧ 報關；交納關稅 ⑨ 裝運；換取提單 ⑩ 繕制單據

繕制單據后提交至銀行，接下來就是： 審單復單→ 結匯→ 退稅→ 合同歸檔

4、出口報關基本流程

1.根據海關相關規(guī)定，繕制全套出口單證并校對無誤后，向海關審單中心發(fā)送電子信息。

2.電子審單通過，打印正式的紙質報關單。

3.整理全套報關單證，按照報關單-委托書-發(fā)票-裝箱單-三聯(lián)單-核銷單-出口明聯(lián)報關單-打印申請單的順序訂好單證 4.報關單上簽字，蓋上報關行的章。

5.根據船名航次的不同，將報關單放入報關袋，相同船名航次的報關單放入同一個報關袋.6.電腦派單：海關關員收單后由電腦派單。7.電腦顯示該單派在幾號窗，單證就要交到幾號窗。

8.在海關的終端上查詢是否放行，若放行了就可以到原派單窗口取單。

9.若單子遲遲未放行，極有可能是單證有問題，被海關卡著，那要及

時去窗口問

10.正常放行的單證，從單證中取回三聯(lián)單和核銷單，檢查三聯(lián)單上的箱號上是否蓋有“放行章”，核銷單上是否蓋有“驗訖章”，其余單證放回報關袋，交回海關留底。

11.之后單證會流轉至單證科，正常的單證就會打印結匯和退稅報關單，到4樓專門取報關單的地方，找出自己的單證，簽收后，該單就完全結關。

5、貨物出口保險費計算方法

保險金額=貨物價值X投保加成(110%-130%)

保險費=貨物價值X投保加成(110%-130%)X保險費率

6、除阿里巴巴外還有什么B2B、B2C平臺可以選擇，價錢如何

慧聰、天地全球通等

第四篇：經貿局外貿和口岸工作總結

經貿局外貿和口岸工作總結

過去一年，面對嚴峻復雜的國內外經濟形勢，在市委、市政府的正確領導下，全市外經貿和口岸系統(tǒng)干部職工迎難而上，共同拼搏，奮力推動外經貿穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，加快轉型升級，取得了一定成績。

一、基本情況

（一）對外貿易穩(wěn)中有進

全市進出口總額在連續(xù)三年創(chuàng)歷史新高的基礎上，再創(chuàng)歷史最好水平。今年，全市進出口貿易總額197.34億美元，與20**年同期相比（下同）增長5.13%，其中，出口140億美元，增長7.94%；進口57.34億美元，下降1.16%。

對外貿易的方式結構、主體結構、商品結構和市場結構進一步優(yōu)化。全市一般貿易出口增速（11.20%）加快，分別高于加工貿易（3.70%）和全市出口增速（7.94%）7.50和3.26個百分點；民營企業(yè)出口提速（11.81%），增速高于三資企業(yè)（5.80%）6.01個百分點；高新技術產品出口占全市出口比重（8.48%）擴大，創(chuàng)近三年來新高；對東盟、尼日利亞、南非、土耳其等新興市場出口增速分別達25.19%、43.83%、31.45%和71.92%，高于對歐美傳統(tǒng)市場出口增速。

（二）利用外資質量提高

全市新批合同外資金額12.18億美元，下降10.78%；實際吸收外資金額9.23億美元，增長6.11%。吸引世界500強投資取得新突破，臺山核電合營有限公司、中遠（江門）鋁業(yè)有限公司、廣東威立雅拆船有限公司和開平華潤燃氣有限公司等4個世界500強投資企業(yè)增資擴產，涉及合同外資約2億美元。來自歐美發(fā)達地區(qū)的實際吸收外資金額約1.9億美元，占全市實際吸收外資比重從上年的9.77%大幅提高到20.56%，提高了10.79個百分點。

（三）轉型升級步伐加快

我市委托設計和自主品牌混合生產出口比重達60.7%，高出全年目標值（60%）0.7個百分點；設立外商投資加工貿易企業(yè)研發(fā)機構3個，加工貿易企業(yè)創(chuàng)建品牌數(shù)4個，較上年分別增加1個和1家。服務外包離岸合同額1507萬美元，增長45.67%。離岸執(zhí)行金額840萬美元，增長62.2%。服務貿易進出口金額286241.66萬美元，增長25%。

（四）口岸通關安全暢通

口岸基礎設施建設不斷完善,文明口岸建設持續(xù)推進，通關服務水平進一步提高。全年進出境旅客12.81萬人次，增長10.7%。進出口貨物985.2萬噸，下降7.2%，其中，進口貨物637萬噸，下降14.2%；出口貨物348.2萬噸，增長8.8%。

二、主要工作

（一）加大督辦力度，提高服務質量

年初，市委、市政府召開全市外經貿工作會議，市主要領導和各市、區(qū)政府簽訂《今年XX市外經貿主要任務目標責任書》，落實外經貿工作目標責任制。各市、區(qū)政府也將目標任務分解到各鎮(zhèn)（街）和工業(yè)園區(qū)，形成主要領導親自抓，一級抓一級，層層抓落實的工作格局。健全外經貿工作通報制度，每月通報各市、區(qū)外經貿目標任務完成進度及排名，提高工作積極性和緊迫感，營造你追我趕，創(chuàng)先爭優(yōu)的工作氛圍。建立“單月督查外資、雙月督查外貿”的外經貿工作督辦制度，以督辦會議為平臺，督促進度，分享經驗，交流信息、協(xié)商對策，加快外經貿任務和重點項目的推進進度。

切實做好對企業(yè)的服務工作，營造良好經營環(huán)境。建立重點進出口企業(yè)跟蹤聯(lián)系制度，由市領導牽頭，各市、區(qū)主要領導具體負責，對全市51家有代表性的重點進出口企業(yè)進行跟蹤、監(jiān)測和幫扶，促進企業(yè)擴大進出口業(yè)務。例如，廣東泰寶聚合物有限公司、亞太紙業(yè)（廣東）有限公司和廣東海信多媒體有限公司等三家企業(yè)今年合計出口6.25億美元，增長3.60倍，拉動全市出口增長4.88個百分點。市外經貿局堅持每月定期聯(lián)合海關、國稅、檢驗檢疫、外匯等部門舉辦“外經貿信息發(fā)布會”，到市、區(qū)舉辦外經貿政策巡回宣講會，搭建企業(yè)手機短信服務平臺，每周兩次向廣大外經貿企業(yè)發(fā)送外經貿政策信息、重點產業(yè)行業(yè)信息和國際貿易摩擦預警信息，幫助企業(yè)用足、用好外經貿扶持政策和把握好市場走勢。組織企業(yè)積極應對反傾銷、反補貼等國外貿易摩擦案件，協(xié)助企業(yè)申請進出口公平貿易專項資金，提高應對國際貿易摩擦的能力。江門海關出臺支持重點企業(yè)、重點項目和重點行業(yè)發(fā)展的18條措施，實施“水運轉關”、分類通關等業(yè)務改革，提高通關效率。市國稅局進一步優(yōu)化退稅服務，加快出口退稅進度。江門出入境檢驗檢疫局落實國家減免檢驗檢疫收費政策，推動出口免驗、出口質量安全示范區(qū)建設，“XX市出口摩托車質量安全示范區(qū)”列入省級示范區(qū)，成為廣東省首批出口產品質量安全示范區(qū)，促進摩托車產業(yè)轉型升級。江門外匯局加強貨幣信貸支持力度，提升銀行外匯服務水平，大力推廣跨境人民幣計價結算，幫助企業(yè)抵御匯率風險。各市、區(qū)強化對外經貿企業(yè)的服務工作，如加強調研服務，積極向有關部門反映企業(yè)訴求；協(xié)助企業(yè)申報各級外貿扶持資金，減輕企業(yè)經營負擔；主動上門服務，引導異地出口貨源回流本地出口；提高審批效率，縮短審批時間等，為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造更好的營商環(huán)境。

（二）創(chuàng)新外貿推廣，穩(wěn)定外貿增長

積極幫助企業(yè)搶接出口訂單。抓好廣交會參展工作，組織我市企業(yè)參加美國、歐盟、香港等傳統(tǒng)市場，以及非洲、南美、東南亞、中東等新興市場舉辦的展銷會、展覽會30多場。拓展外貿推廣渠道，在加強與香港貿發(fā)局合作開展展覽、雜志、網站、移動媒體“四合一”外貿推廣模式的基礎上，聯(lián)合“廣貿天下”、“中國誠商網”等電子商務平臺，制定適合我市企業(yè)的推廣方案，利用第三方電子商務平臺幫扶企業(yè)開拓國內外市場。市外經貿局聯(lián)合江門國際商會、XX市人力資源管理協(xié)會舉辦“今年外貿營銷高級班”，幫助我市外經貿企業(yè)提高外貿營銷技能；聯(lián)合國際商會舉辦“開拓新興市場（俄羅斯專場）推介會”，幫助我市企業(yè)開拓新興市場。

（三）加快外貿轉型升級，提高出口競爭力

推進產業(yè)基地品牌建設，引導優(yōu)勢產品集群發(fā)展。開平水暖衛(wèi)浴基地被認定為第三批國家級外貿轉型升級基地，我市與中國機電產品進出口商會加強合作，共建“中國家電出口基地”。XX區(qū)五金不銹鋼制品基地、XX市印刷產業(yè)基地、XX市恩城麥克風基地成功列入第二批省級外貿轉型升級基地。開展綜合型示范基地的申報前期調研工作，對我市經省級以上政府或部門批準設立的經濟園區(qū)的發(fā)展情況進行調查摸底。做好摩托車、水暖衛(wèi)浴、家居用品、箱包皮具、麥克風等五大“江門出口基地”品牌宣傳，組織企業(yè)抱團參加米蘭摩托車、芝加哥家居用品等知名專業(yè)展會，并統(tǒng)一使用“jiangmen-made”為核心的五大產業(yè)出口品牌logo，著力打造區(qū)域出口知名品牌，提升出口競爭力。積極推動外貿新業(yè)態(tài)發(fā)展，組織我市龍頭出口企業(yè)到深圳一達通公司參觀學習，邀請香港利豐集團到我市作專題講座，提升我市外貿企業(yè)供應鏈管理水平。

引導企業(yè)加強自主創(chuàng)新。市外經貿局聯(lián)合XX市出口產品創(chuàng)意設計協(xié)會舉辦“卡通化品牌塑造與創(chuàng)新文化營銷”專題講座、XX市第二屆“五邑杯”創(chuàng)新工業(yè)設計大賽，組織企業(yè)參加廣交會首屆cf設計大賽（我市有10件作品進入了初評，1件作品獲得三等獎）、組織品牌培訓及創(chuàng)意設計對接活動，組織企業(yè)赴香港生產力促進中心、順德工業(yè)設計城進行交流，引導企業(yè)依托工業(yè)設計做大做強，推動我市外向型經濟由“制造型經濟”向“創(chuàng)意型經濟”轉型升級。

發(fā)揮商品展銷會、電子商務平臺作用，鼓勵外向型企業(yè)開拓國內市場。舉辦第四屆和第五屆“珠中江進出口商品展銷會”，幫助外經貿企業(yè)開拓內銷市場。在展會設立“創(chuàng)意作品”展示區(qū)，展示我市“五邑杯”創(chuàng)新設計大賽的獲獎作品；設立進口區(qū)，吸引韓國、馬來西亞等國家的企業(yè)參展。鼓勵外貿企業(yè)在天貓等第三方電子商務銷售平臺上線，建立線下一站式服務體系，以線上銷售、線下體驗的模式開拓國內市場。過去一年，面對嚴峻復雜的國內外經濟形勢，在市委、市政府的正確領導下，全市外經貿和口岸系統(tǒng)干部職工迎難而上，共同拼搏，奮力推動外經貿穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，加快轉型升級，取得了一定成績。

一、基本情況

（一）對外貿易穩(wěn)中有進

全市進出口總額在連續(xù)三年創(chuàng)歷史新高的基礎上，再創(chuàng)歷史最好水平。今年，全市進出口貿易總額197.34億美元，與20**年同期相比（下同）增長5.13%，其中，出口140億美元，增長7.94%；進口57.34億美元，下降1.16%。

對外貿易的方式結構、主體結構、商品結構和市場結構進一步優(yōu)化。全市一般貿易出口增速（11.20%）加快，分別高于加工貿易（3.70%）和全市出口增速（7.94%）7.50和3.26個百分點；民營企業(yè)出口提速（11.81%），增速高于三資企業(yè)（5.80%）6.01個百分點；高新技術產品出口占全市出口比重（8.48%）擴大，創(chuàng)近三年來新高；對東盟、尼日利亞、南非、土耳其等新興市場出口增速分別達25.19%、43.83%、31.45%和71.92%，高于對歐美傳統(tǒng)市場出口增速。

（二）利用外資質量提高 全市新批合同外資金額12.18億美元，下降10.78%；實際吸收外資金額9.23億美元，增長6.11%。吸引世界500強投資取得新突破，臺山核電合營有限公司、中遠（江門）鋁業(yè)有限公司、廣東威立雅拆船有限公司和開平華潤燃氣有限公司等4個世界500強投資企業(yè)增資擴產，涉及合同外資約2億美元。來自歐美發(fā)達地區(qū)的實際吸收外資金額約1.9億美元，占全市實際吸收外資比重從上年的9.77%大幅提高到20.56%，提高了10.79個百分點。

（三）轉型升級步伐加快

我市委托設計和自主品牌混合生產出口比重達60.7%，高出全年目標值（60%）0.7個百分點；設立外商投資加工貿易企業(yè)研發(fā)機構3個，加工貿易企業(yè)創(chuàng)建品牌數(shù)4個，較上年分別增加1個和1家。服務外包離岸合同額1507萬美元，增長45.67%。離岸執(zhí)行金額840萬美元，增長62.2%。服務貿易進出口金額286241.66萬美元，增長25%。

（四）口岸通關安全暢通

口岸基礎設施建設不斷完善,文明口岸建設持續(xù)推進，通關服務水平進一步提高。全年進出境旅客12.81萬人次，增長10.7%。進出口貨物985.2萬噸，下降7.2%，其中，進口貨物637萬噸，下降14.2%；出口貨物348.2萬噸，增長8.8%。

二、主要工作

（一）加大督辦力度，提高服務質量

年初，市委、市政府召開全市外經貿工作會議，市主要領導和各市、區(qū)政府簽訂《今年XX市外經貿主要任務目標責任書》，落實外經貿工作目標責任制。各市、區(qū)政府也將目標任務分解到各鎮(zhèn)（街）和工業(yè)園區(qū)，形成主要領導親自抓，一級抓一級，層層抓落實的工作格局。健全外經貿工作通報制度，每月通報各市、區(qū)外經貿目標任務完成進度及排名，提高工作積極性和緊迫感，營造你追我趕，創(chuàng)先爭優(yōu)的工作氛圍。建立“單月督查外資、雙月督查外貿”的外經貿工作督辦制度，以督辦會議為平臺，督促進度，分享經驗，交流信息、協(xié)商對策，加快外經貿任務和重點項目的推進進度。

切實做好對企業(yè)的服務工作，營造良好經營環(huán)境。建立重點進出口企業(yè)跟蹤聯(lián)系制度，由市領導牽頭，各市、區(qū)主要領導具體負責，對全市51家有代表性的重點進出口企業(yè)進行跟蹤、監(jiān)測和幫扶，促進企業(yè)擴大進出口業(yè)務。例如，廣東泰寶聚合物有限公司、亞太紙業(yè)（廣東）有限公司和廣東海信多媒體有限公司等三家企業(yè)今年合計出口6.25億美元，增長3.60倍，拉動全市出口增長4.88個百分點。市外經貿局堅持每月定期聯(lián)合海關、國稅、檢驗檢疫、外匯等部門舉辦“外經貿信息發(fā)布會”，到市、區(qū)舉辦外經貿政策巡回宣講會，搭建企業(yè)手機短信服務平臺，每周兩次向廣大外經貿企業(yè)發(fā)送外經貿政策信息、重點產業(yè)行業(yè)信息和國際貿易摩擦預警信息，幫助企業(yè)用足、用好外經貿扶持政策和把握好市場走勢。組織企業(yè)積極應對反傾銷、反補貼等國外貿易摩擦案件，協(xié)助企業(yè)申請進出口公平貿易專項資金，提高應對國際貿易摩擦的能力。江門海關出臺支持重點企業(yè)、重點項目和重點行業(yè)發(fā)展的18條措施，實施“水運轉關”、分類通關等業(yè)務改革，提高通關效率。市國稅局進一步優(yōu)化退稅服務，加快出口退稅進度。江門出入境檢驗檢疫局落實國家減免檢驗檢疫收費政策，推動出口免驗、出口質量安全示范區(qū)建設，“XX市出口摩托車質量安全示范區(qū)”列入省級示范區(qū)，成為廣東省首批出口產品質量安全示范區(qū)，促進摩托車產業(yè)轉型升級。江門外匯局加強貨幣信貸支持力度，提升銀行外匯服務水平，大力推廣跨境人民幣計價結算，幫助企業(yè)抵御匯率風險。各市、區(qū)強化對外經貿企業(yè)的服務工作，如加強調研服務，積極向有關部門反映企業(yè)訴求；協(xié)助企業(yè)申報各級外貿扶持資金，減輕企業(yè)經營負擔；主動上門服務，引導異地出口貨源回流本地出口；提高審批效率，縮短審批時間等，為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造更好的營商環(huán)境。

（二）創(chuàng)新外貿推廣，穩(wěn)定外貿增長

積極幫助企業(yè)搶接出口訂單。抓好廣交會參展工作，組織我市企業(yè)參加美國、歐盟、香港等傳統(tǒng)市場，以及非洲、南美、東南亞、中東等新興市場舉辦的展銷會、展覽會30多場。拓展外貿推廣渠道，在加強與香港貿發(fā)局合作開展展覽、雜志、網站、移動媒體“四合一”外貿推廣模式的基礎上，聯(lián)合“廣貿天下”、“中國誠商網”等電子商務平臺，制定適合我市企業(yè)的推廣方案，利用第三方電子商務平臺幫扶企業(yè)開拓國內外市場。市外經貿局聯(lián)合江門國際商會、XX市人力資源管理協(xié)會舉辦“今年外貿營銷高級班”，幫助我市外經貿企業(yè)提高外貿營銷技能；聯(lián)合國際商會舉辦“開拓新興市場（俄羅斯專場）推介會”，幫助我市企業(yè)開拓新興市場。

（三）加快外貿轉型升級，提高出口競爭力

推進產業(yè)基地品牌建設，引導優(yōu)勢產品集群發(fā)展。開平水暖衛(wèi)浴基地被認定為第三批國家級外貿轉型升級基地，我市與中國機電產品進出口商會加強合作，共建“中國家電出口基地”。XX區(qū)五金不銹鋼制品基地、XX市印刷產業(yè)基地、XX市恩城麥克風基地成功列入第二批省級外貿轉型升級基地。開展綜合型示范基地的申報前期調研工作，對我市經省級以上政府或部門批準設立的經濟園區(qū)的發(fā)展情況進行調查摸底。做好摩托車、水暖衛(wèi)浴、家居用品、箱包皮具、麥克風等五大“江門出口基地”品牌宣傳，組織企業(yè)抱團參加米蘭摩托車、芝加哥家居用品等知名專業(yè)展會，并統(tǒng)一使用“jiangmen-made”為核心的五大產業(yè)出口品牌logo，著力打造區(qū)域出口知名品牌，提升出口競爭力。積極推動外貿新業(yè)態(tài)發(fā)展，組織我市龍頭出口企業(yè)到深圳一達通公司參觀學習，邀請香港利豐集團到我市作專題講座，提升我市外貿企業(yè)供應鏈管理水平。

引導企業(yè)加強自主創(chuàng)新。市外經貿局聯(lián)合XX市出口產品創(chuàng)意設計協(xié)會舉辦“卡通化品牌塑造與創(chuàng)新文化營銷”專題講座、XX市第二屆“五邑杯”創(chuàng)新工業(yè)設計大賽，組織企業(yè)參加廣交會首屆cf設計大賽（我市有10件作品進入了初評，1件作品獲得三等獎）、組織品牌培訓及創(chuàng)意設計對接活動，組織企業(yè)赴香港生產力促進中心、順德工業(yè)設計城進行交流，引導企業(yè)依托工業(yè)設計做大做強，推動我市外向型經濟由“制造型經濟”向“創(chuàng)意型經濟”轉型升級。

發(fā)揮商品展銷會、電子商務平臺作用，鼓勵外向型企業(yè)開拓國內市場。舉辦第四屆和第五屆“珠中江進出口商品展銷會”，幫助外經貿企業(yè)開拓內銷市場。在展會設立“創(chuàng)意作品”展示區(qū)，展示我市“五邑杯”創(chuàng)新設計大賽的獲獎作品；設立進口區(qū)，吸引韓國、馬來西亞等國家的企業(yè)參展。鼓勵外貿企業(yè)在天貓等第三方電子商務銷售平臺上線，建立線下一站式服務體系，以線上銷售、線下體驗的模式開拓國內市場。

（四）抓好重大項目招商，提升利用外資質量水平

狠抓產業(yè)招商，提高項目質量。按照“建大平臺，招大項目”工作思路，以江門高新區(qū)，江沙工業(yè)園區(qū)，臺山、開平、恩平產業(yè)轉移園區(qū)等核心園區(qū)為依托，瞄準世界500強、央企、知名民企，以產業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃、環(huán)保準入條件、畝產稅收效益、集約節(jié)約用地等為項目評估標準，積極開展產業(yè)招商，共有25個投資總額超千萬美元項目成功落戶。引導、鼓勵和扶持重點企業(yè)盤活已有生產要素資源，通過企業(yè)并購，實現(xiàn)零土地增資擴產。重點跟進中遠鋁業(yè)（增資5.35億元人民幣）、卡夫食品增資擴產項目、濱江新區(qū)外資醫(yī)院項目、中油碧辟公司跟蹤服務、越秀城建房地產股權并購等重點項目，采取“一企一策”，落實專人跟進，加快項目落戶進度。全年共審批增資擴產項目156個，涉及合同外資金額6.93億美元，占全市新批合同外資總量的56.88%。

舉辦和參加大型招商活動，抓好招商成果轉化。成功舉辦今年江門（上海）投資洽談會，吸引總部在上海的世界500強企業(yè)以及長三角城市知名企業(yè)關注江門、選擇江門、投資江門，是我市“走出家門”舉辦最大規(guī)模的一次招商活動。這次投資洽談會邀請到央企、知名民企、跨國公司和世界500強公司代表，上海以及長三角本地實業(yè)家，境內外商會、協(xié)會代表，各國駐華貿易投資促進機構、外國駐上海領事館的商務官員，中介招商機構、投資公司代表等近350位客商嘉賓參加，并公布38項招商優(yōu)惠政策，推出全市87個招商項目，包括城市可經營項目28個，交通基礎設施項目10個，旅游文化項目22個，先進制造業(yè)招商項目27個?；顒庸策_成投資項目77項，總投資金額達157.68億美元，其中13個項目在活動中進行現(xiàn)場簽約，涉及投資金額110.22億美元。抓好20**年招商推介會招商成果轉化，將20**年XX市招商推介會的44個簽約項目納入市政府專項督辦，加快推動在談項目落戶。積極參加粵港經貿洽談會、第十八屆澳門投資展覽會、粵港澳聯(lián)合推介大珠三角活動、沃爾瑪投資項目（粵西）洽談會等境內外招商活動，大力推介江門優(yōu)良的投資環(huán)境。

創(chuàng)新招商方式，提高招商水平。與世界四大會計師事務所之一的德勤華永會計師事務所合作編制《廣東省XX市投資環(huán)境研究報告》,并在今年江門（上海）投資洽談會上正式發(fā)布，提高招商宣傳推介的專業(yè)性和權威性。加強招商資源整合，建立招商平臺。制定《招商資源整合方案》，建立招商資源整合長效機制。加強外經貿、經信、城建、交通、環(huán)保、文化、旅游、國土、國資等部門的協(xié)調聯(lián)動，實現(xiàn)信息互通、資源共享、分工配合，共同推進招商引資工作的開展。打造全市網上招商平臺，營造永不落幕的招商推介會，通過平臺集中發(fā)布，集中推廣，實現(xiàn)招商部門資源共享，投資者與招商項目快速對接，使江門的投資環(huán)境更加便捷、公平、高效和開放。建立招商資源統(tǒng)籌分配機制，通過全市招商平臺對資金、土地、環(huán)保指標等各種要素以及產業(yè)布局、產業(yè)鏈打造等進行整合、安排和布局，增強招商集中效應。探索與機構合作招商新模式。與法國hd-tech公司確立招商合作關系，簽訂招商宣傳推介服務協(xié)議，在法國設立江門招商聯(lián)絡處；與美國商會、德國工商大會、英中貿易協(xié)會、日本貿易振興機構、意大利對外貿易委員會、廣東省汽車協(xié)會、中投顧問、日本關西廣東貿易投資公司、一汽集團駐廣辦、華南理工大學汽車工程研究所、XX市五邑商會等20多家商（協(xié)）會和機構建立友好聯(lián)系，拓展招商網絡。舉辦全市招商人員業(yè)務培訓班，提高各級招商人員的業(yè)務水平。

（五）加強口岸綜合協(xié)調管理，加快口岸基礎設施建設

加大調研力度。市外經貿局組織開展了口岸綜合發(fā)展、口岸資源整合優(yōu)化、推進“三個一”通關業(yè)務改革，車檢場、荷塘口岸專題以及“兩廢”進口業(yè)務開設等調研活動，認真研究解決影響我市口岸發(fā)展的重大問題。

加大協(xié)調工作力度，保障口岸日常運行安全快捷通暢。完善國華臺電和宜大化工兩個新開口岸碼頭的各項規(guī)章制度和管理，保障新開口岸有序運營。協(xié)調解決江門車檢場運作不太正常，荷塘貨運口岸經營困難等問題，幫助兩口岸恢復正常運營。協(xié)調口岸部門做好“兩廢”進口工作對接，推動我市“兩廢”進口業(yè)務開展。

加強口岸基礎設施建設。積極配合開展市區(qū)公共碼頭規(guī)劃和建設，密切跟進新會天馬港二期工程、開平口岸聯(lián)檢樓建設、恩平車檢場搬遷等有關工作。以“三個一”通關業(yè)務改革為契機，推進電子口岸建設。積極協(xié)調江門海關和檢驗檢疫部門，研究業(yè)務系統(tǒng)對接有關問題，推進電子口岸系統(tǒng)信息共享，逐步實現(xiàn)“三個一”通關改革。

推進文明和諧建設。健全市口岸工作協(xié)調領導小組季度聯(lián)席會議制度，提高口岸部門之間、口岸部門和經營單位之間的協(xié)作水平，形成文明和諧、密切配合的工作氛圍。舉辦籃球、足球賽比賽，增進口岸各單位的聯(lián)誼，促進文明和諧口岸建設。

三、主要存在問題

（一）缺乏大項目進口支撐，進口持續(xù)下降

今年，我市對香港、澳大利亞和加拿大等傳統(tǒng)出口市場出口分別下降1.36%、18.96%和1.21%。不銹鋼家用器具、印刷品、集裝箱和汽車零件出口分別下降4.17%、3.53%、18.40%和6.48%。臺山核電、亞太紙業(yè)等大項目的設備進口接近尾聲，如臺山核電進口額比20**年減少了3.41億美元，下降43.13%。廢船進口出現(xiàn)下降，雙水拆船的進口下降了51.16%，進口金額減少1.06億美元。

（二）外商投資意欲下降，招商競爭力不強

世界經濟復蘇緩慢，部分新批、在建和增資項目的資金投入速度明顯放緩。受到產業(yè)目錄準入門檻限制和外匯管制等限制，部分招商項目不愿以外資形式進行投資。我市園區(qū)規(guī)劃建設水平還比較低，污水處理、天然氣、蒸汽等配套設施不夠完善，加上用地指標、環(huán)保指標、人力資源等資源制約，一定程度上影響了我市的招商競爭力和實效。

（三）外貿企業(yè)經營環(huán)境偏緊，經營壓力增大

人民幣升值速度加快，企業(yè)出口利潤空間進一步壓縮，出口產品競爭力下降。勞動力成本上升、外匯管理收緊等，對部分外經貿企業(yè)的生產經營造成一定影響。

四、2014年外經貿工作思路

當前，世界經濟復蘇緩慢，外需不足仍未緩解，外經貿發(fā)展面臨不確定因素較多。我們要以黨的十八屆三中全會精神為統(tǒng)領，認真貫徹落實市委、市政府的決策部署，增強信心，迎難而上，開拓創(chuàng)新，努力推動我市外經貿發(fā)展再上新臺階。2014年要著力抓好以下幾項工作：

（一）加大督查督辦力度，扎實推動外經貿工作開展

堅持實施外經貿督辦會議制度，及時檢查各市區(qū)外經貿目標任務落實情況，研究解決外經貿熱點疑難問題。實行外經貿任務完成情況通報制度，每月對各市、區(qū)的外資、外貿任務完成情況及進度排名進行通報，以排名促爭先，以壓力逼動力，以督辦逼落實。

（二）加快轉型升級步伐，提高外貿規(guī)模效益

一是以服務推動出口。積極組織企業(yè)到美國、歐盟、香港等傳統(tǒng)市場和俄羅斯、南非、印度、巴西等新興市場進行貿易推廣，幫助企業(yè)搶接出口訂單，開拓國際市場。健全重點進出口企業(yè)聯(lián)系機制，有針對性解決重點企業(yè)在生產經營和進出口各個環(huán)節(jié)中遇到的困難和問題，鼓勵企業(yè)擴大進出口規(guī)模，有效發(fā)揮龍頭帶動作用。加強與海關、檢驗檢疫、外匯、國稅等部門的協(xié)調聯(lián)動，進一步簡化審批手續(xù)，推進“三個一”口岸通關模式改革，提高通關效率，加快出口退稅進度，吸引異地出口貨源“回流”本地出口。推廣建立國際商務信息服務中心鶴山分站的成功經驗，逐步在恩平、臺山、開平三市建設國際商務信息服務分站，進一步完善貿易信息服務平臺建設。

二是以創(chuàng)新拉動出口。聯(lián)合XX市出口產品創(chuàng)意設計協(xié)會，打造創(chuàng)意設計與轉型升級服務平臺，集中展示外貿創(chuàng)意設計產品，舉辦產品設計與企業(yè)創(chuàng)新交流培訓，組織舉辦第三屆創(chuàng)意設計大賽，引導企業(yè)提高工業(yè)設計水平，提高產品附件值和出口競爭力。創(chuàng)新貿易方式，積極培育供應鏈管理型外貿龍頭企業(yè)和我市外貿新業(yè)態(tài)企業(yè)，推動更多外貿企業(yè)向復合型業(yè)務方向拓展。發(fā)展跨境電子商務，引導企業(yè)靈活應對國際貿易發(fā)展新趨勢。

三是以品牌擴大出口。擦亮出口基地品牌。加大力度宣傳我市已批基地品牌，打造以“jiangmenmade”為核心的區(qū)域品牌形象。繼續(xù)抓好外貿轉型升級基地申報工作，打造更多具有國際競爭力的區(qū)域品牌。鼓勵條件成熟企業(yè)建立自有品牌，積極實施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略，擺脫處于價值鏈底層困境，提高產品定價議價能力，推動出口規(guī)模增長。

（三）狠抓大項目招商，提高利用外資質量

一是狠抓產業(yè)招商。堅持按照“建大平臺，招大項目”的工作思路，瞄準世界500強、跨國公司，以及央企、上市公司及行業(yè)龍頭企業(yè)，精心研究和策劃，制定個性化方案，組織專項招商小分隊招商，重點做好今年江門（上海）投資洽談會投資項目的宣傳推廣和對接洽談，確保招商取得實效。抓好今年江門（上海）投資洽談會簽約項目跟蹤落實，加快履約進度，夯實合同外資和實際吸收外資增長基礎。組織參加粵港交流會、香港國際中小企博覽、澳門國際貿易投資展覽會、東盟合作華商交流會、東莞加博會等活動，充分利用各類招商平臺和招商渠道，積極做好招商引資和以商引商工作，擴大我市合同外資有效存量。二是狠抓企業(yè)增資擴產和項目入資。定期拜訪投資超千萬美元的重點企業(yè)和新成立的企業(yè)，特別是我市擬增資的重大項目，及時掌握企業(yè)的投資動向，量身定做個性化服務方案，引導和鼓勵企業(yè)增資擴產、做大做強。加快中遠鋁業(yè)、中集項目的用地和廠房的落實，加強對胡春華省委書記出訪歐洲期間洽談的臺山華美五金增資項目的督辦工作，重點跟蹤落實濱江醫(yī)院、中油bp配送中心項目，越秀房地產外資并購項目。

三是加快招商平臺建設，完善招商資源整合機制。加快全市性網絡招商公共平臺建設，及早推廣至發(fā)改、經信、城建、交通、環(huán)保、文化、旅游等市直各有關部門和各市、區(qū)外經貿主管部門使用，實現(xiàn)招商資源網絡共享。繼續(xù)細化招商資源整合機制，實現(xiàn)全市招商一盤棋，統(tǒng)籌全市招商資源，各有關部門和各市區(qū)外經貿主管部門通力合作，相互配合，共同做好我市招商引資工作。

（四）加快口岸建設，提高通關便利化水平

一是加快推進市區(qū)公共碼頭規(guī)劃和建設，盡快落實新會天馬港二期工程、開平口岸聯(lián)檢樓建設、恩平車檢場搬遷等口岸基礎實施建設，提升我市口岸主力港口規(guī)模檔次和吞吐能力。二是加強協(xié)調聯(lián)動，推動海關和檢驗檢疫部門合作實行一次申報、一次查驗、一次放行的“三個一”通關聯(lián)檢業(yè)務改革，實現(xiàn)江門電子口岸建設新突破，為我市進出口企業(yè)提供便利服務。三是抓好口岸綜合協(xié)調管理，確?？诎栋踩憬輹惩?。積極開展共建文明口岸活動，不斷推進文明和諧口岸建設。

第五篇：全國2014年4月高等教育自學考試外刊經貿知識選讀試題

絕密 ★ 考試結束前

全國2014年4月高等教育自學考試

外刊經貿知識選讀試題

課程代碼：00096

請考生按規(guī)定用筆將所有試題的答案涂、寫在答題紙上。

選擇題部分

注意事項：

1.答題前，考生務必將自己的考試課程名稱、姓名、準考證號用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆填寫在答題紙規(guī)定的位置上。

2.每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題紙上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。不能答在試題卷上。

一、Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following sentences.（本大題共15小題，每小題2分，共30分）

A.new

C.strong B.weak D.major

A.powerful

C.able B.forever D.legal

A.sheet

C.same B.full D.favorable

A.important

C.active B.powerful D.special

A.developed

C.unusual B.new D.lifeless

A.service

C.technology B.commodity D.tradeof Mr.Kantor’s decision were plainly found in Mr.Klinton’s trade speech.A.contents

C.basement B.support D.advantage

A.final performance

C.first appearance B.best showD.previous idea

9.China’s average WTO.A.tax

C.output B.target D.salary

A.power

C.influence B.strength D.advantage

A.prosperity B.improvement C.dissatisfaction D.declineTT talks.A.pushed

C.troubled B.supported D.settled

A.subject

C.certificate B.ownership D.sample

A.increase

C.make easy B.cause inconvenienceD.trouble

A.prosperity

C.progressive B.stagnation D.unstable

非選擇題部分

注意事項：

用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆將答案寫在答題紙上，不能答在試題卷上。

二、Put the following phases into English（本大題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分）

16.國際收支

17.證券及房地產市場

18.反通貨膨脹政策

19.貿易順差

20.推銷商品

21.雙重稅

22.對等貿易

23.貼現(xiàn)率

24.自由貿易區(qū)

25.國際清算銀行

三、Put the following phases into Chinese（本大題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分）

26.franchise

27.managed trade

28.joint venture

29.the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

30.manufactured goods

31.registered capital

32.stock exchange

33.government procurement

34.infrastructure

35.insolvency

四、Read the following passages and answer the questions in English（本大題共6小題，每小題3分，共18分）

Passage 1

China’s cautious approach to foreign borrowing is to be maintained, at least for the time being.The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China’s determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets.Foreign investment is advantageous insofar as it facilitates the transfer of technology and skills and avoids creating an overhang of debt.The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackle D.China’s access to substantial sums of money from the World Bank also reduces the need to borrow on commercial terms.36.Why did China refuse to borrow more until her transport capacity and energy supply have further increased?

37.What does “borrow on commercial terms” imply here?

38.Why does China prefer loans from the World Bank?

Passage 2

Major investment is going into the Dubai-based Emirates airline, which added four new destinations last summer—Rome, Zurich, Paris and Jakarta—and on 14 April started operations to Dhahran, its 31stemploys almost 3,500 staff, making it one of Dubai’s largest employers.Soon, $2,000 million in financing will have to be arranged for the next phase of development, which will cover deliveries from 1996 to 2000.Firm orders have been placed for seven Boeing 777s with Rolls Royce engines and there is an option on a further seven.39.What is meant by “Dubai-based”?

40.What does the underlined word “Emirates” stand for here?

41.What does “which” represent in the second paragraph?

五、Read the following passages and decide whether the statements are true or false（本大題共10小題，每小題2分，共20分）

Passage 1

By 1991 the level of foreign indebtedness has drastically altered the role that many developing countries play in the world trading system.Imports had been severely cut back and there was evidence of a scramble to export additional products, such as timber(木材), at heavy cost to the environment.Debt had emerged as the biggest single obstacle to development, with about 50 developing countries carrying a severe debt burden, over half of them in Africa.At the end of 1990, developing countries owed $1,280 billion to Western countries, international aid agencies, the IMF, and banks.Their yearly earnings from international trade were under $1,000 billion;the overall debt of developing countries was therefore more than the value of their exports.To service that debt—to pay interest and repay part of the capital—cost developing countries $143.5 billion in 1990.They received $85 billion in aid and investment from abroad, thus paying richer countries nearly $60 billion more than they receive D.New aids and investment was wiped out by past debt.In 1991, according to OCED figures, the severely indebted low-income countries paid a higher proportion of their export revenue on debt service than at any time during the 1980s—31.3% of such revenues, compared with 23.8% in the 1980s.42.Developing countries export timber in order to pay the debt.43.In some developing countries half of the export revenue is used to service the debt.44.Debt problems are especially severe in Africa.45.Heavy debt burden has greatly blocked economy growth of the developing countries.46.The passage mainly tells about the ways to help developing countries repay their debts without affecting their economy.Passage 2

America’s trade deficit has rocketed to a record high, provoking squeals from companies and politicians alike.There is even talk among officials of reviving the unilateral battering ram(殺手锏)known as “Super 301”, the cause of much trade friction in the past.Since protectionism is on the up even in an American boom, the rest of the world could be in for a mauling(傷害)when that economy eventually slows.Other countries are also becoming more protectionist.Following the American lead, European and Canadian steel makers have launched a barrage of “anti-dumping” cases against imports they deem too cheap.Anti-dumping suits are also proliferating in Asia and Latin America.Brazil, Russia and China have all recently tightened their import controls.What can be done to limit the damage? For a start, rather than undermining the WTO, America and Europe should collaborate to improve its working.They should also keep their markets open to imports.Do not look on this as an act of charity.True, trade world help drag Asia and Latin America out of dumps, but the biggest beneficiaries would be American and European consumers—and, loath(勉強的)though the unions are to believe it, jobs on both continents，To argue this takes political backbone, which has been lacking in America and Europe of late.All the more reason for America and Europe to support a new round of trade-liberalization talks at the WTO.47.America’s deficit has been controlled to a record low.48.Protectionist has been increasing not only in the United States but also in other countries.49.Freer trade requires both political and business support.50.According to the author, the biggest beneficiaries would be consumers in the United States.51.America usually adopts protectionism only when its economy slows.六、Translate the following passage into Chinese（本大題12分）

52.In matters relating to the environment, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, produced an “Earth Charter,” or declaration of basic principles for the conduct of nations and peoples with respect to environment and development;agreements on special legal measures, including conventions on climate change and biodiversity, and principles for a framework agreement on forests;and an agenda for action, establishing the environmental work program agreed by the international community for the period beyond 1992 and into the 21th century.