第一篇：英語,并列句

并列句 并列句

并列句是由并列詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成的句子。如：She likes bread and milk，but she doesn’t like eggs at all.她喜歡面包和牛奶，但她一點(diǎn)兒也不喜歡吃雞蛋。

并列句中的分句通常用一個(gè)并列連詞來連接，常用的并列連詞有：and, but, or else, nor, otherwise, so, for, still, yet,while, either…or…, neither…nor…, only…but…等。如： I help him and he helps me.我?guī)退麕臀摇?/p>

This is our first lesson,so I don’t know all your name.這是我們的第一節(jié)課，所以我不知道你們的名字。

【注】however,furthermore,therefore等為副詞或副詞詞組，可用在兩個(gè)分句中間，或在其前面加并列連詞。如：

It is raining hard.However,I still want to go there.雨下得很大。然而，我還是要去那里。

還可以說：

It is raining hard,and however,I still want to go there.It is raining hard;however,I still want to go there.但不可以說：

It is raining hard, however, I still want to go there.

第二篇：考研英語如何翻譯并列句

考研英語如何翻譯并列句

英語中的并列句由并列連詞或短語and，for，so，but，either…or…等引導(dǎo)或由逗號(hào)隔開，各個(gè)分句在語法上具有并列的關(guān)系，但在意思上除了一部分具有并列關(guān)系外，還有一部分具有條件或假設(shè)，或具有選擇、因果等復(fù)合關(guān)系，所以翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)各個(gè)分句之間在意思上的相互關(guān)系來決定其譯法。下面我們將逐一介紹它們的譯法。

1.表示并列關(guān)系的并列句該怎樣翻譯？

如果各分句在意思上表示并列關(guān)系，可按原文譯成并列復(fù)句。這種句型一般用and連接或用逗號(hào)隔開。如：

經(jīng)典例題354 During the rush hour yesterday evening two cars collided and two bicycles collided，too.參考譯文昨天傍晚在交通擁擠時(shí)，有兩輛汽車相撞，而且還有兩輛自行車相撞。

經(jīng)典例題355 All matters consist of molecules，and these of atoms.分析：如其中用and連接，這個(gè)and可以省譯。

參考譯文一切物質(zhì)都由分子組成，而分子由原子組成。

經(jīng)典例題356 The end of the short_lived age of fossil fuels is already in sight；soon we will have consumed all the world?s resources of oil and coal.參考譯文短暫的礦物燃料時(shí)代結(jié)束的日子已經(jīng)在望；不久，我們就會(huì)耗盡世界上所有的石油和煤炭資源。

2.表示假設(shè)和條件關(guān)系的并列句該怎樣翻譯？

雖然有些并列句是用and連接的，但其分句在意思上是條件或假設(shè)關(guān)系，就可把它譯成條件或假設(shè)關(guān)系。如：

經(jīng)典例題357 Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see your shadow.參考譯文你要是面對(duì)陽光，那就看不到自己的影子。

經(jīng)典例題358 Start a sound into the air，and it will make waves which you cannot see.參考譯文如果向空中發(fā)出一個(gè)聲音，它就會(huì)產(chǎn)生你看不到的聲波。

經(jīng)典例題359 Refer to the table，and you will find water has a high specific heat.分析：這種句子第一分句一般為祈使句。

參考譯文如果查一下表，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)水的比熱很高。

3.表示選擇關(guān)系的并列句該怎樣翻譯？

如果并列句的各個(gè)分句在意思上具有選擇關(guān)系，就可以譯成選擇關(guān)系。這種句子一般有連詞or“否則”，“要不然”，otherwise“否則”，or else“否則”或連詞短語either…or“不是…就是…，”要么…要么…“等等。如：

經(jīng)典例題360 Light and radiant heat both travel through a vacuum，or（otherwise）the sun?s light and heat would not reach us.參考譯文光和輻射熱都能穿過真空傳遞，否則太陽的光和熱便不會(huì)到達(dá)地球上。

經(jīng)典例題361 Milk must be kept in a cool place，or else it will go sour.參考譯文牛奶要放在陰涼的地方，否則就會(huì)變酸。

經(jīng)典例題362 Either he did not speak distinctly or I did not hear well.參考譯文不是他沒講清楚，就是我沒聽明白。

經(jīng)典例題363A gas has neither volume nor shape of its own.參考譯文氣體既沒有特定的體積，也沒有一定的形狀。

4.表示因果關(guān)系的并列句該怎樣翻譯？

具有因果關(guān)系的并列句，有兩種情況：一種是后一分句用for引導(dǎo)，而for本身具有表示原因的作用；一種是在后分句前使用therefore連接，表示結(jié)果。如：

經(jīng)典例題364 The fuel must have been finished，for the engine stopped.參考譯文燃料準(zhǔn)是用完了，因?yàn)榘l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熄火了。

經(jīng)典例題365 The table tilted and the plates slid off it to the floor.分析：這個(gè)句子使用and連接的，雖然結(jié)構(gòu)上是并列，但其內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系卻是表因果的。有時(shí)前句表原因，后句表結(jié)果，有時(shí)與此相反。

參考譯文桌子傾倒，致使這些碟子滑落到地板上。

5.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句該怎樣翻譯？

如果分句在意義上互不協(xié)調(diào)，并顯示出轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，就要譯成轉(zhuǎn)折句式。表轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞有but“但是”，yet“然而”，still“仍然”，however“然而”等。而這些詞本身就具有表轉(zhuǎn)折的意思。如：

經(jīng)典例題366 This machine is simple in design，yet it is efficient in operation.參考譯文這機(jī)器結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，但操作有效。

經(jīng)典例題367 Everyone thinks this is a simple method，but yet he cannot believe it.參考譯文大家都認(rèn)為這是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的方法，可是他還不相信。

經(jīng)典例題368 You had difficulties，still you could have done it better.參考譯文你雖然有些困難，但可以把這件事做得更好。

經(jīng)典例題369 Most of living creatures are unable to live far outside the region that suits them best，however，man can go almost everywhere.參考譯文大多數(shù)生物在遠(yuǎn)離了最適合的地方后是難以生存的，然而，人類幾乎可以去任何地方。

表示對(duì)比關(guān)系、遞近關(guān)系和連貫關(guān)系的并列句該怎樣翻譯？

6.表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的并列句該怎樣翻譯？

這類分句中一般有while，whereas，and，but和however等連詞，翻譯時(shí)譯成表示對(duì)比關(guān)系即可。如：

經(jīng)典例題370Motion is absolute，while stagnation is relative.分析：這里的while是并列連詞，意思是“而”，含有對(duì)比的意思，而不是只用作從屬連詞，連接時(shí)間狀語之意。參考譯文運(yùn)動(dòng)是絕對(duì)的，而靜止是相對(duì)的。

經(jīng)典例題371 Wise men love truth，whereas fools shun it.參考譯文智者愛真理，而愚人卻回避它。

經(jīng)典例題372 She speaks English very fast，nevertheless we understand what she says.分析：在并列句中，連詞位于后一個(gè)分句之前，且本身具有對(duì)比關(guān)系的分句才采用此譯法。

參考譯文她英文說得很快，可是我們還可以聽懂她所說的。

7.表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的并列句該怎樣翻譯？

在并列句中，如果句型是not only…but（also）…，或是兩分句中后一句比前一句的意思更進(jìn)一步，那就可以翻譯成“不但…而且…”或“…而且…”。如：

經(jīng)典例題373 Not only the oxygen is an element，but also it becomes necessary to man.參考譯文氧氣不僅是一種元素，而且是人類所必需的東西。

8.表示連貫關(guān)系的并列句該怎樣翻譯？

如果英語并列句中，各個(gè)分句所陳述的動(dòng)作在意義上有明顯的先后順序，那么在翻譯時(shí)，漢語就要用連貫的復(fù)句表示，而這種譯法多在主語相同的并列句中采用。如：

經(jīng)典例題374 Eva sang a Japanese song，and then she sang a number of Chinese folk songs.參考譯文依娃唱了一首日本歌，接著又唱了幾首中國(guó)民歌。

歷年真題分析

經(jīng)典例題375 The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.（1991年）

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是The supply of oil can be shut off…and the oil wells will all run dry…本句由and連接兩個(gè)單句，表示意思遞進(jìn)；rate這里應(yīng)譯為“速度”。

參考譯文石油供應(yīng)可能會(huì)隨時(shí)中斷；不管怎樣，以目前這種消費(fèi)速度，只需30年左右，所有的油井都會(huì)枯竭。

經(jīng)典例題376New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past.（1991年）

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is…any situation that will ever restore that sense…we have had…。本句由and引出單句，緊跟前句，意思遞進(jìn)；but引出長(zhǎng)句，意思轉(zhuǎn)折，長(zhǎng)句中that引出定語從句修飾ituation，定語從句中又有we have had in the times past定語從句修飾先行詞sense；本句中結(jié)構(gòu)it is not likely to…譯為“沒有可能”。

參考譯文我們必須找到新的能源，這需要時(shí)間；而過去我們感覺到的那種能源價(jià)廉而充足的情況將不可能再出現(xiàn)了。

經(jīng)典例題377 The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind；it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.（1993年）

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是The method of scientific investigation is nothing but…；it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given…。本句分號(hào)前為長(zhǎng)單句，分號(hào)后句子與前句并列，意思遞進(jìn)，which引出定語從句修飾mode；結(jié)構(gòu)nothing but譯為“只是”。

參考譯文科學(xué)研究的方法不過是人類思維活動(dòng)的必要表達(dá)方式，也就是對(duì)一切現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行思索并給以精確而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)解釋的表達(dá)方式。

經(jīng)典例題378 You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction（歸納法）and deduction，that by the help of these operations，they，in a sort of sense，manage to extract from nature certain natural laws，and that out of these，by some special skill of their own，they build up their theories.（1993年）

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是You have all heard it…that…，that…，and that…。句中的it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的三個(gè)并列分句：A.that men of science work…and deduction；B.that by the help of these operations，they…manage to…certain natural laws；C.and that…，they…their theories.在第二個(gè)分句中，they指代前面的men of science，these operations指前文的means of induction and deduction，operations在這里根據(jù)上下文要譯成“方法”而不能譯成“操作”；在第三個(gè)分句中，代詞these指代第二個(gè)分句中的certain natural laws.參考譯文你們都多次聽說過，科學(xué)家是用歸納法和演繹法工作的，他們用這些方法，在某種意義上說，力求從自然界找出某些自然規(guī)律，然后他們根據(jù)這些規(guī)律，用自己的某種非同一般的本領(lǐng)，建立起他們的理論。

經(jīng)典例題379The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill_informed or incompetent users.（1995年）

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架為The target is wrong，for…critics divert…fault that lie with…。連詞for引出表原因的并列分句，分句中that引出定語從句修飾先行詞fault.target原意為“目標(biāo)”，在此句中應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文轉(zhuǎn)譯為“把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試作為抨擊目標(biāo)”。lie with原意為“應(yīng)由某人負(fù)責(zé)”，這里指“來源于”。

參考譯文把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試作為抨擊目標(biāo)是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)樵谂険暨@類測(cè)試時(shí)，批評(píng)者不考慮其弊病來自人們對(duì)測(cè)試不甚了解或使用不當(dāng)。

經(jīng)典例題380 Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures，and may report their findings soon.（1998年）

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Astrophysicists…are closing in on such structures，and may report their findings soon.連詞and連接前后兩句，意思遞進(jìn)；working with…現(xiàn)在分詞作為定語修飾astrophysicists；are closing in on such structures譯為“對(duì)于這些云系的研究在距離上越來越近”。structure不能直譯為“結(jié)構(gòu)”，而應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文譯為“云系，團(tuán)狀物質(zhì)”。

參考譯文天體物理學(xué)家使用南極陸基探測(cè)器及球載儀器，正越來越近地觀測(cè)這些云系，也許不久就會(huì)報(bào)告他們的觀測(cè)結(jié)果。

經(jīng)典例題381 Owing to the remarkable development in mass_communications，people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas，while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.（2000年）

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Owing to…，people everywhere are feeling…and are being exposed to，while governments are often forced to…。連詞while引出并列句，與前句對(duì)比，前句中and連接兩個(gè)謂語；介詞結(jié)構(gòu)owing to作原因狀語。want譯為“需要”，be exposed to直譯為“暴露于”，這里譯為“接觸”。

參考譯文大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展使各地的人們不斷感到有新的需求，不斷接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。

經(jīng)典例題382 In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the far_reaching changes in social patterns that followed as spread over nearly a century，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.（2000年）

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是…the process of industrialization…in social patterns that followed was spread…，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo…。連詞whereas引出并列句，表對(duì)比；前句中that followed作定語修飾social patterns；social patterns譯為“社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)”，undergo譯為“經(jīng)歷”，這里用“完成”較好。

參考譯文在先期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國(guó)家中，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來的各種深刻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變革，持續(xù)了大約一個(gè)世紀(jì)之久，而如今一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家在十年左右就可能完成這個(gè)過程。

經(jīng)典例題383 Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips，computers with in_built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools，relaxation will be in front of smell television，and digital age will have arrived.（2001年）

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Children will play with…，computers…will be regarded as…，relaxation will be…，and digital age will have arrived.整句是一個(gè)四個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的并列長(zhǎng)句。personality chips譯為“個(gè)性化芯片”。

參考譯文兒童將與裝有個(gè)性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有個(gè)性內(nèi)置的計(jì)算機(jī)將被視為工作伙伴而不是工具，人們將在氣味電視機(jī)前休閑，屆時(shí)數(shù)字化時(shí)代就來到了。

熟能生巧

經(jīng)典例題384 But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited，and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their“expectation of life”，the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是But now it is realized that supplies…are limited，and it is even possible to…life“，the time it will take to exhaust…sources and reserves of these materials.that引導(dǎo)的從句與and后句構(gòu)成并列，前句中it作形式主語，真正主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句，and句中it作形式主語，真正主語是不定式；the time作expectation of life的同位語，同時(shí)作其后所跟定語從句的賓語；翻譯時(shí)，將句子第一部分的被動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為主動(dòng)語態(tài)；同時(shí)將同位語賓語作狀語翻譯。

參考譯文可是現(xiàn)在人們意識(shí)到，其中有些礦物質(zhì)的蘊(yùn)藏量是有限的，人們甚至還可以比較合理的估計(jì)出這些礦物質(zhì)“可望存在多少年”，也就是說，經(jīng)過若干年后，這些礦物質(zhì)的全部已知礦源和儲(chǔ)量將消耗殆盡。

經(jīng)典例題385 Prior to the twentieth century，women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male_dominated culture.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架為Prior to…，women…were stereotypes of…features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by…culture.and連接前后兩句，構(gòu)成并列。前句中，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾features；后句中，過去分詞短語imposed by…culture修飾restrictions，作定語。prior to…翻譯為“在…之前”，be subject to翻譯為“屈從于”。

參考譯文在20世紀(jì)以前，小說中的婦女形象都是一個(gè)模式。她們沒有任何特點(diǎn)，因而無法成為具有個(gè)性的人；她們還要屈從于由男性主宰的文化傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)加給她們的種種束縛。

經(jīng)典例題386 If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction，and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment，they would not be so hurt，and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction，and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing…judgment，they would not be so hurt，and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.整句話使用了虛擬語氣；第一個(gè)劃線and連接條件狀語從句中并列的兩個(gè)謂語，其中第二個(gè)謂語中含有一個(gè)賓語從句，這個(gè)賓語從句的it是形式主語，真正的主語是賓語從句中sign的同位語從句，同位語從句中的and連接兩個(gè)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)；第二個(gè)and連接兩個(gè)并列主句，by resenting and resisting it方式狀語，其中的it指child.參考譯文如果父母對(duì)這種青少年的反應(yīng)有所準(zhǔn)備，而且認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)顯示出孩子正在發(fā)展珍貴的觀察力和獨(dú)立的判斷力的標(biāo)志，他們就不會(huì)感到如此傷心，所以也就不會(huì)因此有憤恨和反對(duì)的情緒而把孩子推到對(duì)立面去。

經(jīng)典例題387 Television，it is often said，keeps one informed about current events，allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics，and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Television，…，keeps one…，allows one to…，and offers an endless series of programmes which are…。主語后跟三個(gè)并列的謂語，其中第三個(gè)謂語的賓語又跟有一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句；it is often said作為插入語，可以放在句首。keep…informed about…翻譯為“使…知曉”。

參考譯文人們常說，通過電視可以了解時(shí)事，掌握科學(xué)和政治的最新動(dòng)態(tài)。從電視里還可以看到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂性的新節(jié)目。

經(jīng)典例題388 The rocks which are now forming and which appear to contain small amounts of hydrocarbon capable of developing into oil are generally rocks which are not characteristic of reservoirs for petroleum deposits.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是The rocks which are…and which appear to…are generally rocks which are…。這句話的主語和表語一致，主語有兩個(gè)并列定語從句修飾，表語也跟有一個(gè)定語從句；capable of developing into oil作為形容詞短語修飾hydrocarbon；be characteristic of和be characterized by都可翻譯為“…的特點(diǎn)是”，或“…具有…的特點(diǎn)”。

參考譯文目前正在形成，并似乎含有少量可能形成石油的碳?xì)浠衔锏膸r石，通常都沒有石油儲(chǔ)油層的特點(diǎn)。

經(jīng)典例題389 If one could，by asking questions，reliably determines whether the machine or the man is answering the questions，then one would question whether the machine is intelligent or whether it exhibits the same intelligence as the man.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是If one could…，reliably determines whether…questions，then one would question whether or whether it exhibits…。本句是條件句+主句的結(jié)構(gòu)。條件句中，謂語determine跟有whether引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)賓語從句，主句的謂語question跟有or連接的兩個(gè)并列的whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；by asking questions作為方式狀語修飾determine；question在這里是關(guān)鍵詞，翻譯為“對(duì)…提出質(zhì)疑”，exhibit可翻譯為“顯示出”。

參考譯文如果觀察者能通過提問準(zhǔn)確地確定是人還是機(jī)器在做出回答，那就不能證明機(jī)器是否具有智能或者機(jī)器是否具有與人一樣的智慧。

經(jīng)典例題390 The last quarter of the twentieth century will be remembered as the era when man acquired new communication channels to other men，to libraries of film and data，and to the prodigious machines.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是The last quarter of the twentieth century will be remembered as the era when man acquired new communication channels to…and to the prodigious machines.本句主語和表語都是時(shí)間名詞，并且表語有一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，定語從句中三個(gè)to+名詞的介賓結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成并列；翻譯時(shí)，將長(zhǎng)句拆分為兩個(gè)句子，即主句和定語從句，并且用“正是在這個(gè)時(shí)期”時(shí)間狀語來銜接前后兩句。參考譯文20世紀(jì)的最后25年將成為一個(gè)歷史的新紀(jì)元而被人們所永遠(yuǎn)懷念；正是在這個(gè)時(shí)期，人們獲得了新的通訊手段來同別人、同圖像和數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)，以及同復(fù)雜的機(jī)器打交道。

經(jīng)典例題391 The interpretation of information and of tables should tell us where success or failure lies，where profit can be had and where losses occur.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是The interpretation of information and of tables should tell us where…，where…and where…。本句中tell后跟雙賓語us和三個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的并列從句；本句主語的翻譯要注意of表動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，and連接兩個(gè)并列的of短語。

參考譯文對(duì)資料（信息）和報(bào)表所做的解釋，應(yīng)能給我們顯示出成敗之所在，哪里有盈利以及哪里出現(xiàn)了虧損。

經(jīng)典例題392 The satisfaction of killing time and of affording some outlet，however modest，for ambition，belongs to most work，and is sufficient to make even a man whose work is dull happier on the average than a man who has no work at all.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是The satisfaction…，belongs to most work，and is sufficient to make even a man…h(huán)appier…than a man…。and連接兩個(gè)主語一致的并列句，前句中主語satisfaction有and連接的兩個(gè)并列的of+動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)修飾，for ambition應(yīng)跟在outlet后，however modest作為插入語補(bǔ)充說明outlet；后句中不定式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是to make+賓語+定語從句+賓補(bǔ)+than+同一賓語+定語從句；翻譯時(shí)，將belong to這個(gè)短語的被動(dòng)意味轉(zhuǎn)化為主動(dòng)。

參考譯文大多數(shù)工作給予人們消磨時(shí)間的滿足感和幫助人們實(shí)現(xiàn)哪怕是微不足道的抱負(fù)的滿足感，這種滿足感足以使一個(gè)從事枯燥乏味工作的人比一個(gè)終日無事可做的人快樂。

經(jīng)典例題393 Over the last couple of decades there have been some important changes in the way peoplethink about languages and how people learn them which have led to the development of an approach called communicative language teaching.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Over the last couple of decades there have been some important changes…which have led to…approach called…teaching.本句基本句型是個(gè)there be句型，there be句中的表語跟有一個(gè)定語從句；and連接介詞in的兩個(gè)并列賓語，第一個(gè)賓語the way后有定語從句修飾，第二個(gè)賓語是how引導(dǎo)的從句；called…過去分詞修飾approach；approach在這里不作“靠近”，而翻譯為“方法”。

參考譯文在過去的幾十年里，人們?cè)诳紤]語言的方式以及如何學(xué)習(xí)語言的方式上發(fā)生了一些重要的變化，這些變化導(dǎo)致了被稱作教學(xué)法的產(chǎn)生。

經(jīng)典例題394 Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jelly_ fish（水母）and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years；but there have been men for one million years，and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outside.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架為Scientists reckon that there has been life…and that kind of creature…；but there have been men…，and there have been civilized men.本句以分號(hào)為界將整句話分為前后兩部分，前后兩部分形成對(duì)比；第一部分動(dòng)詞reckon跟有there be句型的賓語從句，而there be句中又由and連接前后意思遞近的兩個(gè)表語；第二部分同樣是there be句型的兩個(gè)單句，第二個(gè)單句在意思上遞近；at the outside應(yīng)翻譯為“至多，充其量”，而不是“在外面”。

參考譯文科學(xué)家推斷，地球上有某種生命以水母方式生存了大約12億年，但人類歷史僅有100萬年，人類文明的歷史充其量也就8000年左右。

經(jīng)典例題395 Because of their intelligence and refusal to conform to society?s anti_intellectural values，many are deprived of a chance to learn adequate social skills and acquire good communication tools.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Because of their intelligence and refusal to…，many are deprived of a chance to learn…and acquire…。本句是because of的介賓結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語再加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句；介賓結(jié)構(gòu)中，and連接并列的兩個(gè)賓語，第二個(gè)賓語refusal to do…是refuse to do的名詞形式，翻譯時(shí)不變，仍然是“拒絕做某事”；簡(jiǎn)單句的賓語chance受and連接的并列的兩個(gè)不定式修飾；be deprived of翻譯為“被剝奪”。參考譯文許多孩子因?yàn)橹橇^高和不愿迎合社會(huì)上反知識(shí)的價(jià)值觀，而被剝奪了學(xué)習(xí)足夠的社交技能和獲得良好交際手段的機(jī)會(huì)。

經(jīng)典例題396 One can never repay one?s parents，and there?s a sense of obligation or even guilt that is as strong a force among Asians as Protestant philosophy（新教哲學(xué)）is in the West.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是One can never repay one?s parents，and there?s a sense of obligation or even guilt that is as strong a force…as Protestant philosophy is…。and連接前后兩句，意思上遞進(jìn)；or連接of的兩個(gè)賓語，共同修飾sense，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾sense，從句中又使用了同級(jí)比較。

參考譯文一個(gè)人永遠(yuǎn)無法報(bào)答他的父母，而且在亞洲人中間還有一種責(zé)任感、乃至負(fù)罪感，這是一種如同新教哲學(xué)在西方一樣的強(qiáng)大力量。

經(jīng)典例題397 This tension between the research and lending wings remains in the bank，and is one of several challenges that will need to be overcome if the new strategy is to bear fruit.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是This tension…remains，and is one of several challenges that will need to be overcome if the new strategy is to bear fruit.and連接前后兩個(gè)句子，表示意思上的承接；前句中research和lending并列修飾wings；后句中有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾challenges和if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；is to bear fruit可翻譯為“要出成果”，這里翻譯為“成功實(shí)施”。

參考譯文銀行內(nèi)主張開展研究和主張開展借貸業(yè)務(wù)的兩派仍然互不相讓，這種緊張狀態(tài)是新策略成功實(shí)施必須克服的幾個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)之一。

經(jīng)典例題398 I went away from the symposium with a strong conviction，more intuitive than rational，that human experimental psychology，theoretical linguistics and computer simulation of cognitive processes were all pieces of larger whole，and that the future world see progressive elaboration and coordination of their shared concerns.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是I went away…with a strong conviction，…，that human experimental psychology…and computer simulation of cognitive processes were all pieces of larger whole，and that the future world see progressive elaboration and coordination of their shared concerns.劃線的and前后兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句并列作為conviction的同位語從句；第一個(gè)從句的三個(gè)主語并列，第二個(gè)從句中，and連接的elaboration和coordination并列受到their shared concerns的修飾，of表示動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；主句中，more intuitive than rational作為插入成分，翻譯為“與其說是理性的，倒不如說是更為直覺的”來修飾conviction，翻譯同位語從句時(shí)，可用冒號(hào)引出從句內(nèi)容。

參考譯文專題討論會(huì)會(huì)后，我確立了一種與其說是理性的，倒不如說是更為直覺的信念：人類的實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)、理論語言學(xué)和認(rèn)知過程的計(jì)算機(jī)模擬都是較大整體的組成部分；未來世界將會(huì)看到，它們共同關(guān)注的問題會(huì)進(jìn)一步得到闡釋和相互協(xié)調(diào)。

經(jīng)典例題399 Marriage has become a purely individual pursuit；an implied and not very enforceable contract between two people；a relationship designed to satisfy basic needs for intimacy，dependency and sex.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Marriage has become a…pursuit；an…contract…；a relatio nship…。兩個(gè)分號(hào)連接三個(gè)并列的表語，第三個(gè)表語中designed to…過去分詞作后置定語修飾relationship，原意為“設(shè)計(jì)以…”，這里動(dòng)詞介詞化翻譯為“旨在，在于”。

參考譯文婚姻已經(jīng)成為純粹的個(gè)人追求了，一份兩個(gè)人之間含蓄的并非絕對(duì)強(qiáng)迫性的契約，一種旨在滿足親密、依靠和性的基本需要的關(guān)系。

經(jīng)典例題400 Under this investment vehicle，you get no deduction for your contributions，but all money—principal and earnings—not only will be tax_free，but will not be subject to the10%penalty on early withdraws.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Under this investment vehicle，you get no deduction…，but all money…not only will be tax_free，but will not be subject to the10%penalty on early withdraws.第一個(gè)but引出的后面所有部分與前句并列，意思遞進(jìn)；第二個(gè)but引出的句子跟在not only后，意思遞進(jìn)；principal and earnings作為插入成分修飾money；be subject to原意是“屈從于”，在這里翻譯為“需要交納”。

參考譯文在這種投資形式下，你的賬戶內(nèi)的款項(xiàng)不會(huì)有扣除額，全部的錢，包括本金和工資，不僅是免稅的，而且提前支取時(shí)也不需交納10%的違約罰金。

經(jīng)典例題401 The moon will acquire its first permanent base，and the human population living in space will rise steadily，as manufacturing develops aboard spacecraft and the resources of other planets are explored.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是The moon will acquire its first permanent base，and the human population…will rise steadily，as manufacturing develops and the resources of other planets are explored.and連接并列的簡(jiǎn)單句，第二個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中l(wèi)iving in space現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾population；最后有as引導(dǎo)的and連接的兩個(gè)并列時(shí)間狀語從句，表示伴隨。第二個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句的翻譯將被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為主動(dòng)翻譯。

參考譯文月球?qū)@得它的第一個(gè)永久基地，而隨著制造業(yè)在宇宙飛船上的發(fā)展，隨著其他行星上資源勘探工作的進(jìn)行，生活在太空中的人口將會(huì)穩(wěn)步地增長(zhǎng)。

經(jīng)典例題402 These hands spoke of the stubbornness of mankind，of the will to work not only as one?s strength permits but beyond the limits of one?s power.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是These hands spoke of the stubbornness…，of the will to work not only as one?s strength permits but beyond the limits of one?s power.of the will與of the stubbornness并列，同時(shí)will受to work不定式修飾；not only引出as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，but跟有介賓結(jié)構(gòu)，同樣做work的狀語。speak of在這里翻譯為“述說”，stubbornness在這里翻譯為“頑強(qiáng)”，而不是“頑固”。

參考譯文這雙手訴說著人類的頑強(qiáng)，訴說著勞動(dòng)的意志———不僅在體力允許的情況下，甚至在超出體力極限的情況下頑強(qiáng)堅(jiān)持的那份勞動(dòng)意志。

經(jīng)典例題403 While most of my friends invested in car stereos that could rattle windows a block away，I stuck with the old original radio that barely picked up two stations on a good night.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是While most of my friends invested in car stereos…，I stuck with the old original radio…。while引導(dǎo)的句子與逗號(hào)后的句子并列，形成對(duì)比，并且前后兩個(gè)句子都含有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，分別修飾stereos和radio；stuck with這里同stuck to，意為“堅(jiān)持”，picked up在這里根據(jù)上下文，翻譯為“接收到”。

參考譯文當(dāng)我大多數(shù)的朋友買了能將幾條街區(qū)以外的玻璃窗震得格格作響的汽車立體聲音響時(shí)，我一直在繼續(xù)用原來那臺(tái)即使在晴好的夜晚也只能勉強(qiáng)收到兩個(gè)電臺(tái)的舊收音機(jī)。

練習(xí)和答案

練習(xí)

Exactly where we will stand in the long war against disease by the year2050is impossible to say.（61）But if developments in research maintain their current pace，it seems likely that a combination of improved attention to dietary and environmental factors，along with advances in gene therapy and protein targeted drugs，will have virtually eliminated most major classes of disease.From an economic standpoint，the best news may be that these accomplishments could be accompanied by a drop in health_care costs.（62）Costs may even fall as diseases are brought under control using pinpointed，short term therapies now being developed.By2050there will be fewer hospitals，and surgical procedures will be largely restricted to the treatment of accidents and other forms of trauma（外傷）。Spending on nonacute（慢性病的）care，both in nursing facilities and in homes，will also fall sharply as more elderly people lead healthy lives until close to death.One result of medicine?s success in controlling disease will be a dramatic increase in life expectancy.（63）The extent of that increase is a highly speculative matter，but it is worth noting that medical science has already helped to make the very old（currently defined as those over85years of age）the fastest growing segment of the population.Between1960.and1995，the U.S.population as a whole in creased by about45%，while the segment over85years of age grew by almost300%.（64）There has been a similar explosion in the population of centenarians，with the result that survival to the age of100is no longer the newsworthy feat that it was only a few decades ago.U.S.Census Bureau projections already forecast dramatic increase in the number of centenarians in the next50years：4million in2050，compared with37，000 in1990.（65）Although Census Bureau calculations project an increase in average life span of only eight years by the year2050，some experts believe that the human life span should not begin to encounter any theoretical natural limits before120years.With continuing advances in molecular medicine and a growing understanding of the aging process，that limit could rise to130years or more.答案

文章大意：本文對(duì)到2050年人類與疾病做斗爭(zhēng)的情況進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè)，認(rèn)為，如果醫(yī)學(xué)研究的發(fā)展保持目前的速度，大部分主要類別的疾病將得到消滅；醫(yī)療開支可能下降；由于醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步有效地控制了疾病，會(huì)大大增加預(yù)期壽命，尤其是百歲以上老人的人口會(huì)激增。

（61）結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子框架是if…，it seems likely that…。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句修飾主句it seems likely that…。it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語。pace意為“（生長(zhǎng)、進(jìn)展等的）速度”；combination with意為“與…結(jié)合或聯(lián)合”；gene therapy意為“基因療法”。

參考譯文：但是，如果醫(yī)學(xué)研究的發(fā)展保持目前的速度，更加注意膳食與環(huán)境因素的結(jié)合，再加上基因療法和針對(duì)蛋白質(zhì)的藥物所取得的進(jìn)展，實(shí)際上將有可能消滅大部分主要類別的疾病。

（62）結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子框架是Costs may even fall as…。as引導(dǎo)狀語從句，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)be brought under control意為“使…得到控制”，譯成主動(dòng)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語using…在句子中作原因狀語；現(xiàn)在分詞短語being developed作后置定語，修飾therapies.pinpointed意為“定位準(zhǔn)確的”。

參考譯文：由于采用目前開發(fā)的定位準(zhǔn)確的短期療法而使疾病得到控制，醫(yī)療開支甚至可能下降。

（63）結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子框架是The extent…is a highly speculative matter，but it is worth noting that…。but連接兩個(gè)并列句。but后的并列分句中it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語。speculative意為“思索的；推測(cè)的”。

參考譯文：人們預(yù)期壽命的增加范圍是一個(gè)非常具有推測(cè)性的問題，但值得注意的是，醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)已經(jīng)幫助使年齡非常大的人（目前規(guī)定為超過85歲的人）成為人口增長(zhǎng)最快的部分。

（64）結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子框架是There has been a similar explosion…。in the population of centenarians和with the result并列作主句的狀語。that引導(dǎo)的從句作result的同位語，此同位語從句中又套嵌一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾feat.explosion此處不應(yīng)譯成“爆炸”，而譯成“激增”；centenarian此處意為“百歲（或百歲以上的）老人”；newsworthy意為“有新聞價(jià)值的，值得報(bào)道的”。

參考譯文：百歲老人的數(shù)量也同樣地激增了，結(jié)果是人活到100歲已不再是具有新聞價(jià)值的業(yè)績(jī)，而這一點(diǎn)僅僅在幾十年前還是具有新聞價(jià)值的業(yè)績(jī)。

（65）結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子框架是Although…，some experts believe that…。although引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。主句中that引導(dǎo)的從句作believe的賓語從句。project此處譯為“推斷，預(yù)計(jì)”。

參考譯文：雖然人口統(tǒng)計(jì)局預(yù)測(cè)到2050年之前人的平均預(yù)期壽命只增加8歲，但是一些專家認(rèn)為，人們預(yù)期壽命可以達(dá)到120歲不會(huì)受到任何理論上的自然限制。

第三篇：并列句和狀語從句

1.Mary made coffee____ her guests were finishing their meal.A.so that

B.although

C.while

D.as if 2.The little boy won’t go to sleep ____ his mother tells him a story.A.or

B.unless

C.but

D.whether

3.The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult.A.once

B.when

C.if

D.unless 4.______ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A.However to face the challenge

B.What a serious problem C.However serious a problem

D.What serious a problem

5._______ our manager objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept his as a member.A.Until

B.Unless

C.If

D.After

6.______ they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.A.As

B.While

C.Until

D.Once 7.John thinks it won’t be long ____ he is ready for his new job.A.when

B.after

C.before

D.since 8.---Our holiday cost a lot of money.---Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter ______ you enjoyed yourselves.A.as long as

B.unless

C.as soon as

D.though

9.The girl had hardly rung the bell ______ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.A.before

B.until

C.as

D.since

10.The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _______ they have the interest.A.wherever

B.whenever

C.even if

D.as if

11.Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a large one _____ it becomes available.A.as soon as

B.unless

C.as far as

D.until

12.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ________ he wanted to sit next to his wife.A.although

B.unless

C.because

D.if 13.Tom was about to close the window ________ his attention was caught by a bird.A.when

B.if

C.and

D.till 14.Tim is in good shape physically _______ he doesn’t get much exercise.A.if

B.even though

C.unless

D.as long as

15.Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break _____ she got to her office.A.since

B.that

C.when

D.until

16.Today, we will begin ________ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A.when

B.where

C.how

D.what 練習(xí)二

1._______ well prepared a gymnast is, he still needs a lot of luck in performing.A.Whatever

B.Although

C.No matter

D.However

2._______ the activities might seem childish, in reality they require a lot of strength and determination.A.When

B.As

C.While

D.Once 3.Too high house prices can be brought under control, ______ the authorities introduce a series of regulatory policies.A.even if

B.as if

C.so that

D.provided that

4.A small car is big enough for a family of three ______ you need more space for baggage.A.once

B.because

C.if

D.unless 5.It is morning _____ we have four classes, not afternoon.A.when

B.which

C.that

D.why 6.How can you keep fit ______ you smoke so much? A.as

B.while

C.when

D.for

7.It’s really dangerous to work on the roof.______ , you should take care of yourself.A.Therefore

B.However

C.Otherwise

D.Yet

8.I’m not sure whether I will have anything else to do tomorrow.______ , I will try every possible means to come to the party.A.Even though

B.Anyhow

C.If so

D.Instead

9.The police helicopter managed to land on the roof and rescued all the people _______ the fire burnt up to the top of the building.A.after

B.before

C.until

D.while

10._____ the Customs Office, he will have to declare this sort of things he carries with him to the customs officer.A.No matter who will come through

B.Who comes through C.No matter whom comes through

D.Whoever comes through 11.Your article must be sent by e-mail _____ it can meet the deadline.A.or else

B.so that

C.in case

D.for fear 12.You can imagine ________ one feels ______ everybody dislikes him.A.when, if

B.if, when

C.if, how

D.how, if 13.Why not stay at home _______ the road is so slippery after the heavy snow? A.since that

B.after that

C.then that

D.now that

14.I have heard these sons and daughters say they never fully appreciated their mothers ______ it was too late to tell them.A.as

B.that

C.until

D.when 15._________ , I could not memorize the test.A.However hard did I try

B.However hard I tried

C.However I tried hard

D.However I had tried hard

16.I don’t think Maria will be disappointed at the news, but I will see her _______ she is.A． as if

B.so that

C.in case

D.even though

17.During the reconstruction of the city, many modern tall buildings went up ____ old shabby houses were torn down.A.where

B.in what

C.in which

D.which

18.Many people cannot learn any lessons from the mistakes ________ they get hurt somehow.A.whether

B.unless

C.if

D.when 練習(xí)三

1.---What should we do since we can’t make a compromise after lengthy talks?---_______ you apologize and take back what you’ve said _____ it is all over between us.A.Not only, but also

B.Either, or

C.Neither, nor

D.Whether, or 2.---Some Chinese students find it difficult to understand native speakers when in London.---Exactly, _______ they’re learned a lot about grammar and known many words.A.if only

B.now that

C.as if

D.even if

3.It was on my way home _____ my father made the promise ______ I can do well in next exam he will buy me whatever I want.A.that, that

B.where, that if

C.that, if

D.that, that if

4.Napoleon’s story proves that to be a hero has nothing to do with size, with a smart mind and a brave heart.A.and

B.so

C.or

D.but 5.---My son is addicted to drugs.He isn’t hopeless, is he?

---Yes, _______ he mends his ways and starts all over.A.if

B.when

C.even if

D.unless 6.---When shall we go planting trees in the hill?

---______ it begins to rain, so they don’t need watering.A.Not until

B.While

C.Till

D.Unless

7.You can’t complain of being lonely ____ you don’t make any effort to communicate with others.A.when

B.until

C.unless

D.once 8.---Did Jack come back early last night?

---Yes.It was not eight o’clock _____ he arrived home.A.before

B.that

C.when

D.until 9.______ I have some sympathy for them, I don’t think they are right to do so.A.As

B.If

C.While

D.When

10.He is a nice listener, ______ he feels the time is right he will give you his thoughts.A.until

B.after which

C.if

D.and when 11.His children are well-behaved, _____ those of this sister’s are very naughty.A.and

B.whereas

C.thus

D.so

12.We missed our train, and _______ the next train was delayed, ______ we had to wait for two hours.A.on top of that, so B.as a result, then

C.what was worse, however

D.because, therefore 13.How long do you think _____ the computer company launches a new model? A.it will be before

B.will it be until

C.will it when

D.it will be that

14.Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster ______ we basically change the way we live.A.but

B.although

C.unless

D.once 15.If I were rich, I should help them out.______ , I can do nothing.A.As is often the case

B.As is it

C.As the case is often

D.As it is 16.Young ______ he is, he knows a great deal about advanced technology.A.as

B.although

C.so

D.yet 17.Stop making so much noise _______ my neighbor will start complaining.A.or else

B.but still

C.and then

D.so that

18.You can’t attend the party tonight because it is stormy.____, you still haven’t got over your high fever.A.Therefore

B.however

C.Moreover

D.Thus 19.How long do you suppose it is _______ he arrived there ? A.when

B.before

C.after

D.since

20.This study shows that _____ languages may differ;the order in which young kids learn the parts of speech appears to be the same across different languages.A.since

B.so

C.while

D.but 參考答案：

一．1—5CBDCB 6—10 DCAAC 11—16 ACABCB 二．1—5 DCDDA

6—10 CABBD 11—15 BDDCB

16—18 CAB 三． 1---5 BDDDD

6—10 AACCD 11—15 BAACD 16—20 AACDC

第四篇：高考英語單項(xiàng)選擇精品教案-并列句和狀語從句

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專題九 并列句和狀語從句

高考命題聚焦

1．(2011年高考山東卷)He had his camera ready________he saw something that would make a good picture.A．even if

B．if only C．in case

D．so that 解析：句意：他準(zhǔn)備好了相機(jī)，以便他看到好的東西就隨時(shí)拍下來。even if “即使”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句； if only“如果??就好了”，引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句；so that 引導(dǎo)目的和結(jié)果狀語從句，均不符合句意。由句意可知應(yīng)選in case，意為“以防萬一”。答案：C 2．(2011年高考天津卷)________regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A．If

B．As C．Although

D．Unless 解析：句意：雖然有規(guī)律的鍛煉很重要，但在臨睡覺前鍛煉卻從來不是個(gè)好主意。if可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，表示“如果”；as 可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)??時(shí)”，若引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，句子需用倒裝；分析前句“有規(guī)律的鍛煉很重要”和后句“臨睡前鍛煉卻不好”可知，前句為后句的讓步狀語，故選C項(xiàng)，although 表示“雖然”，可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；unless 表示“除非”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。答案：C 3．(2011年高考江西卷)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ________ it is convenient to you.A．whenever

B．however C．whichever

D．wherever 解析：句意：請(qǐng)打電話讓我的秘書安排一個(gè)會(huì)議，在今天下午或是任何你方便的時(shí)候。whenever無論何時(shí)；however無論如何；whichever無論哪一個(gè)；wherever無論何地。此處or連接的是和this afternoon并列的兩個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(從句)，故只有A項(xiàng)正確。答案：A 4．(2011年高考陜西卷)________ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.A．Since

B．While C．If

D．As 解析：句意：盡管他們都是很有實(shí)力的求職者，但是只有一個(gè)人會(huì)被選中擔(dān)任這一職位。since因?yàn)?，既然；while盡管；if如果；as因?yàn)?。根?jù)句意選while。答案：B 5．(2011年高考福建卷)It was April 29,2011________Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.A．that

B．when C．since

D．before 解析：句意：2011年4月29日，威廉王子與凱特·米德爾頓步入了婚禮殿堂。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，April 29,2011為定語從句的先行詞，從句缺少時(shí)間狀語，故用when引導(dǎo)。此題易誤選A項(xiàng)that，認(rèn)為這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It's/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that...”的應(yīng)用。若選 that 的話，April 29,2011前要加介詞on。答案：B

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核心考點(diǎn)突破

一、句子的分類

二、并列句的基本概念

并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列而又獨(dú)立的簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成。在并列句中，這些簡(jiǎn)單句常由并列連詞連在一起。并列連詞所連接的簡(jiǎn)單句被稱為分句。

三、常見的并列句

1．表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：用來表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的并列連詞有and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，not...but...等。

(2011年高考山東卷)Find ways to praise your children often，________you'll find they will open their hearts to you.A．till

B．or C．a(chǎn)nd

D．but 句意：如果你能找到一些方法來經(jīng)常表揚(yáng)你的孩子，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們會(huì)向你敞開心扉。本題所考查的句式為“祈使句＋and/or＋ 陳述句”。本句中前面的祈使句表示條件，后面的陳述句表示條件下的結(jié)果，故用 and 連接；or表示“否則”，與句意不符。

C 2．表選擇關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有or，either...or...，otherwise等。Either you are right，or I am.要么你對(duì)，要么我對(duì)。Don't drive so fast，or/otherwise you'll have an accident.不要開那么快，否則你會(huì)出事的。

3．表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有but，yet，whereas，while等。Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now.簡(jiǎn)說她病了，但剛才我在街上看到了她。

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Some men are rich，while/whereas others are poor.一些人很富有但其他人很貧窮。

4．表因果關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有so，for。It must have rained last night for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了，到處都這么濕。

The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk.商店都關(guān)門了，所以我沒買到牛奶。

5．when還可用作并列連詞，其意義為“那時(shí)，這時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：(1)sb.was doing sth.when...(2)sb.was about to/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...(3)sb.had just done sth.when...。

We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我們正在開會(huì)，這時(shí)突然有人闖了進(jìn)來。

We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我們正打算動(dòng)身，突然下起了雨。

典例2](2011年高考浙江卷)One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________ my daughter heard cries for help.A．a(chǎn)fter

B．while C．since

D．when 句意：一個(gè)周五，我們正在打包裹動(dòng)身去過周末，就在這時(shí)我女兒聽到了呼救聲。表示“正在做某事??就在這時(shí)(突然)??”用be doing sth.when…，所以D項(xiàng)正確。

D 6．while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對(duì)比。He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.他喜歡流行音樂，而我喜歡民間音樂。

一、時(shí)間狀語從句 1．when，while和as when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞既可是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；while引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作相對(duì)比；as引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，有“隨著”之意，多用于主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

2．a(chǎn)s soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when，once等引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作隨即就發(fā)生，常譯為“一??就??”。3．till，until和not(...)until till，until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主從句都為肯定式，意為“某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某一時(shí)間才停止”。not(...)until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，從句為肯定式，意為“直到……才……”。not(...)until還可以用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句。4．before和since 若表達(dá)“沒過……就，過了……才”之意時(shí)，須用連詞before，句式為“It was/will be＋時(shí)間段＋before...”；since意為“自從……”，句式為“It is/has been＋時(shí)間段＋since...”。

5．every time，each time，next time，the first time，any time等名詞短語引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，分別表示“每次……，每次……，下次……，第一次……，任何時(shí)候……”。

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Mary made coffee ________her guests were finishing their meal.A．so that

B．a(chǎn)lthough C．while

D．a(chǎn)s if 此處的while表示“當(dāng)??的時(shí)候”，表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；“瑪麗煮咖啡”和“她的客人吃完飯”這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的，因此要用while。

C

二、讓步狀語從句

1．讓步狀語從句表示盡管有某種不利于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的條件存在，主句中的情況依然會(huì)出現(xiàn)。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞比較多，常見的有：although，though，while；even if＝even though；no matter＋疑問詞＝疑問詞＋ever；whether…or...。

although與though兩者意思相近，用法也相近，都可以與yet，still或nevertheless連用，但不能和but連用。2．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句要倒裝

as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，狀語、表語及謂語動(dòng)詞的一部分應(yīng)置于as之前。若表語是名詞，前置時(shí)要省略冠詞。

Tim is in good shape physically ________he doesn't get much exercise.A．a(chǎn)s

B．even though C．unless

D．a(chǎn)s long as 句意：盡管Tim鍛煉得不多，但他的身材保持得很好。此處的even though表示讓步，意為“即使”。

B(2011年高考遼寧卷)No matter how________，it is not necessarily lifeless.A．a(chǎn) desert may be dry

B．dry a desert may be C．may a desert be dry

D．dry may a desert be 句意：一個(gè)沙漠無論多么干旱，也不一定就沒有生命。how 與形容詞和可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用的順序?yàn)椋篽ow＋形容詞＋a(n)＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，與其用法一樣的還有so，too等。如：so difficult a question 如此難的一個(gè)問題；It's too long a journey to make in one day.旅程太遠(yuǎn)，一天之內(nèi)到不了。故選B。

B

三、條件狀語從句

引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有：if，unless(＝if...not)(除非)，so(as)long as(只要)，in case(以防萬一)，on condition that(條件是)，supposing(that)(假設(shè))，provided/providing(that)(假如)等。

(2011年高考江蘇卷)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.________，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.A．Otherwise

B．If not C．But for that

D．If so 句意：聽起來好像汽車的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出了故障。如果這樣的話，我們最好馬上把它開到維修廠(修理一下)。otherwise否則，要不然； if not如果不是這樣的話；but for that 要不是那樣。以上三項(xiàng)均不符合句意和語境。if so“如果這樣的話”，符合句意和語境。if so 相當(dāng)于 if something is wrong with the car's engine。

D(2011年高考湖南卷)Jack wasn't saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him________he had done something very clever.第 4頁

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A．a(chǎn)s if

B．in case C．while

D．though 句意：杰克什么也沒說，但是老師朝著他笑，就好像他做了非常明智的事情一樣。

as if 好像；in case以防萬一；while當(dāng)??時(shí)候，而，卻；though盡管。由句意可知應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。

A

四、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語從句 1．地點(diǎn)狀語從句

地點(diǎn)狀語從句是表示主句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)的狀語從句，引導(dǎo)詞有where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere等。2．原因狀語從句

引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有：because，as，since，now(that)，for，seeing(that)，considering that等，每個(gè)連詞的含義不盡相同。

Today，we will begin________we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A．when

B．where C．how

D．what 句意：今天我們從昨天我們停止的地方開始，以便我們不遺漏任何一點(diǎn)。where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。

B

五、目的、結(jié)果狀語從句

1．引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有：so that，in order that，for fear(that)，in case，lest等。

Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day.A．ever since

B．even if C．soon after

D．in case in case引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，意為“以防萬一”，符合題意。ever since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意思是“自從”；even if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意思是“即使”。

D

五、目的、結(jié)果狀語從句

1．引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有：so that，in order that，for fear(that)，in case，lest等。

Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day.A．ever since

B．even if C．soon after

D．in case in case引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，意為“以防萬一”，符合題意。ever since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意思是“自從”；even if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意思是“即使”。

D She had a tense expression on her face，________she was expecting trouble.A．even though

B．a(chǎn)s though C．so that

D．now that 題意：她表情緊張，好像預(yù)料到麻煩要來。as if/though引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“好像”。而even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“即使”。

B 高考秘笈

狀語從句的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

________you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A．However a serious problem

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B．What a serious problem C．However serious a problem D．What serious a problem

C 該句意“無論你有多么嚴(yán)重的問題，你都應(yīng)該鼓起勇氣面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)”，由此可知，應(yīng)由however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，語序?yàn)椤癶owever＋形容詞＋a(n)＋單數(shù)名詞”。如果對(duì)however的詞性不明確，會(huì)導(dǎo)致誤選A項(xiàng)。

考查狀語從句的題目，應(yīng)著重考慮以下幾點(diǎn)。

1．要根據(jù)前后句的邏輯關(guān)系判斷是哪一種狀語從句。2．注意when/while/as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)的異同。3．注意區(qū)別until和till的不同用法。

4．一些名詞短語和副詞以及一些固定句式都可以表示“一……就……”的意思。5．注意because/as/since/now that等引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時(shí)異同。

6．a(chǎn)lthough與though可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，不能與but連用，但可以與yet連用。7．no matter who/what/where/how等可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于whoever/whatever/wherever/however等。但whoever/whatever/ whichever還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。

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第五篇：初中英語簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句練習(xí)題打印

簡(jiǎn)單句部分

1.A library with 5000 books ____ to the school as a gift.A.is offeredB.has offered C.are offeredD.have offered

2.The United States ____ a western country.The Philipines ____ in the Pacific Ocean.A.is;areB.are;isC.is;isD.are;are 3.Every means ____ been tried to save the boy.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is

4.Mrs Brown as well as her two sisters ____ interested in light C.forD.still 6.I must be off now, _____ I’ll be late for the meeting.A.butB.and C.forD.or

7.______ should one help each other._____ he should learn from others.A.Both;andB.Neither;nor C.Not only;butD.Either;or 8.They can’t drive a car._____ can I.A.NorB.So music.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is

5.A number of the students in our school ____ sent to work in Tibet.A.areB.isC.haveD.has

6.The professor and writer ____ coming to make a report on Chinese literature.A.isB.areC.hasD.have

7.Many a boy and many a girl ____ made such a funny experiment.A.hareB.areC.hasD.is

8.Li Ming ____ his brothers and sisters has a hobby of collecting stamps.A.andB.orC.norD.as well as 9.Two hours ____ enough for us.A.areB.haveC.isD.has

10.On the table ____ two dictionaries, one open, the other closed.A.liesB.laysC.laidD.lie

并列句部分

1.---I don’t like chicken ____ fish.---I don’t like chicken, ____ I like fish very much.A.and;andB.and;butC.or;butD.or;and 2.The bell is ringing _____ the lesson is over.A.butB.or C.andD.yet

3.I’m reading a newspaper ______ Mr Zhang is writing a letter.A.soB.while C.whenD.or

4.We have won many victories,______ more difficulties are still ahead of us.A.butB.therefore C.soD.for

5.You have talked much,_____ you haven’t come to the point.A.soB.but

C.ButD.and

9._____ you do it _____ I do it.Anyhow it must be done.A.Neither;norB.Either;or C.Both;andD.Not only;but also 10.He is ill in bed,______ we should take care of him.A.soB.but C.eitherD.nor

1-5英語簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句練習(xí)題

()1.I help him___ he helps me.We help each other.A.butB.andC.orD.though()2 ___ he ___ I am a doctor.A.Both;andB.Either;norC.Neither;norD.Neither;and

()3 Some of us would like to act the story ___ it isn't finished yet.A.butB.andC.thoughD.so()4 One more week, ___ we will finish the task.A.orB.so thatC.andD.if

()5 “The ground must be just right ___ too wet ___ too dry.A.either;orB.both;andC.between;andD.neither;

nor

()6 Sam was ill yesterday, so he________his homework.A.didn'tB.not didC.didn't doD.didn't did()7 Sorry, there's only one seat left.___ you___ she can have it.A.neither;norB.Either;orC.Both;andD.Not;but()8 He _________coffee at all.He _________ tea.A.doesn't like, prefersB.likes, doesn't prefer C.would like, not prefersD.prefers, is not food of()9 We _________ happy about the price of meat.A.don'tB.are notC.won'tD.weren't being

()10 I ______ trouble finding the place.A.didn't have manyB.haven't a great deal of C.didn't have muchD.hadn't a lot of()11 _______ of us likes the film.A.BothB.AllC.NeitherD.Some

()12 Which sentence is right?

A.I don't think that he is not right.B.I think he is not right.C.I don't think that he is right.D.I think he was not right.()13 They are ___ young ___ carry the box onto the table.D.very;to

()14 They ________ lunch at home every day.A.have notB.didn't haveC.don't haveD.6.Hurry up,__________we'll miss the train.A.andB.butC.forD.or 7.I wrote a letter,__________I forgot to mail it.A.forB.butC.orD.while

8.Please__________come in or go out,don't stand there in the doorway.B.andC.forD.either A.enough;tooB.too;toC.so;toA.neither

9.Why was Edison not able to hatch chickens__________the hen could.have not any

()15--________ is your English teacher like?

--He is tall and thin.A.HowB.WhatC.WhichD./

()16--_________do you like the new play?

--It's good and interesting.A.HowB.WhichC.WhatD.Whom()17 Pay attention please, ___ of you want to attend the party?

A.whoB.whichC.whomD.what()18--___ did you sleep last night?

--I stayed up too late to go to sleep.A.HowB.WhenC.WhyD.Where()19 It is getting dark.Our teacher_________.A.lets us to go homeB.lets us go homeC.let us go to homeD.let we go home()20 _________ she sings!

A.What beautifulB.How beautiful C.What beautifullyD.How beautifully

并列句專題練習(xí)

并列句單項(xiàng)選擇練習(xí)

1.__________many times,but he still couldn't understand it.A.Having been oldB.Though he had been told C.He was toldD.Having told

2.Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but__________didn't help.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it 3.__________,so Mary was very sad.A.Her mother was very illB.Her mother being ill C.Her mother's being illD.Because her mother was ill

4.-Sugar__________milk.-Only milk,please,__________I used to like sugar.A.and;andB.and;butC.or;andD.or;but 5.It must have rained last night,__________the road is wet.A.while B.or C.for D.because

A.whileB.whenC.becauseD.unless

10.The teacher came in,__________the students stood up and said,”Good morning,teacher."

A.whileB.andC.butD.for

11.__________on the mirror,and you'll find little drops of water on the glass.A.BlowingB.To blowC.BlowD.If you blow 12.-I don't like singing__________dancing,what about you.-I don't like dancing,__________I like singing songs.A.and;andB.and;butC.or;butD.or;and

13.Good technique in medicine means less pain and fewer deaths and__________,it is our duty to master it.A.altogetherB.thereforeC.otherwiseD.however 14.One more word,__________I'll knock you flat.A.soB.andC.butD.therefore

15.The car is quite old;__________,there is nothing wrong with it.A.butB.yetC.howeverD.therefore

16.I liked this play very much,__________my mother said it was uninteresting.A.andB.forC.soD.but

17.-My shirt is torn.-__________me a needle and thread,and I'll mend it for you.A.If you bringB.If you had broughtC.Should you bringD.Bring

18.__________to the top of the hill,and you can see the whole of the town.A.To getB.GetC.GettingD.Having got

19.Spring is coming;__________gets warmer and warmer,and trees turn green.A.thatB.itC.whichD.as it

20.Jack passed all his examinations;__________pleased his parents.A.whoB.itC.whichD.all of which

參考答案及詳解

1.and 2.Not only;but also 3.however 4.Neither;nor 5.while 6.or7.so 8.for 9.Either;or 10.yet 11.but 12.but;and 13.therefore 14.for15.(but)still 16.while 17.and 18.but 19.for 20.or 21.while/but22.however 23.nor 24.yet/but 25.or/otherwise 26.and 27.so/and 28.when 參考答案及詳解

1.C。該句為but引導(dǎo)的并列句。此題若去掉but,則A、B項(xiàng)皆正確。2.D 3.A。該句為so引導(dǎo)的并列句。

4.B。根據(jù)答語“Only milk,please”可知對(duì)方是問“糖和牛奶你都要嗎? ”。

5.C。從路是濕的來推測(cè),昨晚一定下雨了。用because是錯(cuò)的,因?yàn)閎ecause從句是不能引起下雨的直接原因。6.D 7.B 8.D。either...or...,要么??,要么??9.A 10.B。and 連接兩個(gè)分句,表示兩個(gè)連接的動(dòng)作。11.C。屬于“祈使句+and+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)”。12.C 13.B

14.B。名詞詞組+and...相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件句+and...,其句意:如果再說句話,我就會(huì)把你打倒。15.C 16.D 17.D 18.B

19.B 20.B。并列句也可以用分號(hào)來連接。

19、20題就是并列句,所以都選用it。答案

1—5 BCCCD6---10 CBABC11---15 CCBCB16---20 ABCBD 簡(jiǎn)單句部分

1-5AAADA6-10ACDCD 并列句部分

CCBAB6-10DCABA