第一篇：高考英語教案——并列句、賓從、狀從

并

列

句Compound Sentence 在并列句中，一般有兩個或兩個以上的互不依從的主謂結構。每個分句意義同等重要，聯系密切，無從屬關系。通常的并列連詞，根據所連接的上下文的邏輯關系，可以分為以下幾類：

1）表示增補關系的并列連詞：and, then, both?and, neither?nor, not only?but also, as well as

例如：Jim is good at English, and Tom is good at English, too.Not only Jim but also Tom is good at English.Jim is good at English as well as Tom.Both Jim and Tom are good at English.2)表示選擇關系的并列連詞：or, or else, otherwise, either?or, whether?or

例如：We must study hard, otherwise(or)we won’t go to college.我們得努力，否則就上不了大學。

3)表示轉折關系的并列連詞：but, while, however

例如：They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they themselves couldn’t.他們很奇怪一個孩子能解決這個問題而他們自己卻不能。

4)表示因果關系的并列連詞：so, therefore

例如：It is very hot outside, so I don’t want to go out.外面太熱，所以我不想出去。

小試牛刀

neither…nor

and

either…or

or

so

but

then 1.I hate smoking, _____ I don’t like drinking, either.2.Be careful, _____ you will fall off the bike.3.I like chocolate, _______ it is bad for teeth.4.______ Saturday ______ Sunday is OK.I’ll be free in these two days.5.I wanted to know the answer, _______ I went to ask him.6.He had a drink, _______ went to bed.7.In spring it is_____hot _____ cold here.狀 語 從 句（Adverbial Clause）

1）地點狀語從句:

例如：Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

You should put the book where it was..你應該把書放回原處。2)時間狀語從句：(when,as soon as, after, while,until,the first time etc.)

例如：As soon as he finishes the work, he will come to see me.他一完成工作就來看完。

The first time I met him, he was reading a book.第一次遇到他的時候，他正在看書。

3)原因狀語從句：（since, because,as etc.）

例如：Since he is very busy, we had better leave him alone.因為他很忙，我們最好讓他一個人呆著。

4)結果狀語從句：(so?that, such? that, so that, etc.)

例如：He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.The boy is very young so that he can’t go to school.他太小還不能上學。

5)目的狀語從句：(so that/in order that)

例如：You must get up earlier so that/in order that you can catch the first bus.你得早點起床以便趕上頭班車。

6)方式狀語從句：(as,(just)as?so?, as if, as though,the way)

例如：Do just as I say and sit down.照我說的做,然后坐下.He acts as though no one existed.他自行其是,好像沒人在場一樣.Please pronounce the word the way I do.請照我這樣,讀這個單詞.7)條件狀語從語：(if, unless, as/so long as, in case, on condition that, etc.)

例如：Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired.除非你太累了要不然我們出去散散步。

You can use the bicycle on condition that you return it tomorrow.只要你明天歸還,自行車你可以拿去用。

8)讓步狀語從句：(although, though, however, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, no matter(who, what, where, when, etc)（無論?）, even if, even though)

例如：Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot.盡管他是個小孩，卻知道很多。9)比較狀語從句：（as...as，than，not as/so...as，the more...the more）

例如：The work is not so difficult as you imagine.這工作不像你想像的那么困難。

It’s easier than I thought.比我想的容易些。

The more you study, the more knowledge you can get.你學的知識越多，你的知識越豐富。

賓 語 從 句(Objective clause)

*定義：在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.*學習賓語從句三要素： 連接詞

語序

時態(tài)。

一、賓語從句的連接詞

從屬連詞

連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that；if；whether.that引導表示陳述句的賓語從句, 而if和whether引導表示“是否”的賓語從句.例如：He believes that he can improve his English by working hard.他相信通過努力他能夠提高英語。

I don’t know if/whether I can improve my English by working hard.我不知道通過努力我是否能提高英語。

連接代詞

連接代詞一般指疑問.主要有who, whom , whose, what ,whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等.例如：I don’t know what you did last night.我不知道你昨晚干了什么。I don’t care who they can believe.他們相信誰我不管。

連接副詞

連接副詞主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 等.例如：The map will show you where the school is.這地圖會告訴你這所學校在哪里.He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面.二、賓語從句的時態(tài)

1）當主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時時，其賓語從句的時態(tài)可以是任何適當的時態(tài)。所以，賓語從句的時態(tài)應根據實際情況而定。

例如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday.她說她從周一至周五上班。

She says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.她說她要在他桌子上留個便條。

She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei.她說她從來沒有去過峨嵋山。

2）當主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)是一般過去時的時候，其賓語從句的時態(tài)一般要用一適當的過去時態(tài)。

例如：He said there were no classes yesterday.他說昨天沒有課。

He said(that)he was going to look after the baby.他說他會去照看這個嬰兒。

He said(that)they were having a meeting then.他說他們那時正在開會。

注意：但是當賓語從句是表達客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時，其時態(tài)仍舊用一般現在時。

例如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.他說光比聲音傳播得快。

三、賓語從句的語序

1.賓語從句的語序是陳述語序，即“連接詞+主+謂語+其它成分”。特別強調：它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序，而不是疑問句的倒裝結構

Can you tell me when will the meeting start?(╳)Can you tell me when the meeting will start?(√)

例題：

1.You can’t imagine ____when they received the nice gift.A.how they were excited B.how excited they were C.how excited were they D.they were how excited

2.I don’t know ______________________.A.where he comes

B.where comes he C.Where does he come

D.Where he does come 2.主句的謂語動詞是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱,從句的否定詞一般要轉移到主句上來.例如：我認為他不會來我的舞會.I think he won’t come to my party.(╳)I don’t think he will come to my party.(√)

3.如果主句是第一人稱I或we時，變反意疑問句時看從句。如果主句不是第一人稱時則看主句。

例如：I think he is a good student, isn’t he ？

They want to know if he is a good student, don’t they ？

例題：

(1)I don’t think he is right,__________? A．isn’t he

B．is he

C．do I

D．don’t I(2)He believes she is right, __________? A．doesn’t he

B．does he

C．is she

D．isn’t she(3)I thought that he disliked playing football,__________? A．didn’t he

B．did he

C．did I

D．didn’t I

*賓語從句的種類： 賓語從句分為三類:

動詞的賓語從句，介詞的賓語從句

形容詞的賓語從句.一、動詞的賓語從句

大多數動詞都可以帶賓語從句。如：say、tell、think、know、see、hear、hope、guess、find、feel 等

例如：We all expect that our class will succeed , for the students are all very hard-working.我們都估計我們班會成功,因為同學們都很努力.He told us that he was very excited when he met one of his friends in the canteen.他告訴我們當他在食堂遇到一個朋友時非常興奮.二、動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句

例如：Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤.I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發(fā)現這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能計算出這次旅行我們將花費多少錢嗎?

三、可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句

動詞find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.例如：I think it necessary that we take notes in class.我認為課堂上記筆記是必要的.I feel it a pity that I missed the chance.我錯過這機會,感覺非常遺憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天寫日記成了習慣.例題：

I find _____ important that we practice English every day.A.it B.this C.that D.what

四、介詞的賓語從句

例如：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學生加入我們的俱樂部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的.五、形容詞的賓語從句

常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有: sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised

例如：She was pleased that she passed the exam.她通過了考試很高興.I am sorry that I stepped on your foot.很抱歉我踩你的腳了.He was surprised that Mary went to see him when he was ill.他很奇怪在他生病的時候Mary能去看望他.賓語從句練習題

1.I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow._________ he comes, I'll tell you．

A.if;Whether

B.whether;Whether

C.if;That

D.if;If 2.I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.A.when does he come

B.how will he come

C.if he comes

D.whether he'll come 3.Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?

A.what

B.how

C.whether

D.where 4.Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?

A.how did he mend

B.what did he mend

C.how he mended

D.what he mended 5.I want to know _________.A.whom is she looking after

B.whom she is looking

C.whom is she looking

D.whom she is looking after 6.Do you know where _________ now?

A.he lives

B.does he live

C.he lived

D.did he live 7.I think ______ a duty for me that I should help others.A.that

B.this

C.what

D.it 8.My father thought Mary was wrong, _________?

A.didn’t he

B.wasn’t he C.didn’t she

D.wasn’t she 9.The small children don't know _________.A.what is their stockings in

B.what is in their stockings

C.where is their stockings in

D.what in their stockings 10.I can't understand _________.A.what does Christmas mean

B.what Christmas does mean

C.what mean Christmas does

D.what Christmas means 11.His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching.A.didn’t think;was;that

B.thought;was;whether C.didn’t think;was;

D.thought;wasn′t;12.Please tell me ______ last year.A.where does your sister work

B where did your sister work C where your sister works

D where your sister worked 13.13.I like ________ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A.this

B.that

C.it

D.one 14.I don't believe they have finished their work yet, ________ ? A.have they

B.have’t they C.do I

D.don't’t I 15.I want to know _______ it’s good news or not.A.whether

B.if

C.that

D.how

賓語從句答案：1—5DDDCD 6—10ADDBD 11-15 ADCAA

狀語從句專項練習題

（）1 The meeting didn't start___ everyone was there.A.because

B.until

C.why

D.if（）2 The boy ___ to bed ___ his mother came in.A.went not;until

B.didn't go;after C.went;until

D.didn't go;until（）3 I won't believe you___ I have seen it with my own eyes.A.before

B.until

C.after

D.when（）4 They didn't start the work ___ their teacher came back.A.until

B.while

C.as soon as

D.if

（）5.I ___ him since I began to live in the city.A.know

B.have known

C.knew

D.will know（）6.Betty didn't go to see the film yesterday ___ she was ill.A.because

B.but

C.until

D.if

（）7.May I sit nearer___I can see more clearly? A.as if

B.so that

C.even if

D.so（）8.___ you work hard, you will certainly succeed.A.Though

B.If

C.Because

D.For（）9.___ he came to study in the school, he has made much progress in the study of English.A.While

B.When

C.Since

D.After（）10.I'd like to go swimming _____ the water is not too cold.A.for

B.unless

C.if

D.whether（）11.There are ___ many league members in class 2 ___ in Class 4.A.both;and

B.'so;that

C.either;or

D.as;as（）12.Suzhou is not ____ beautiful ____ Hangzhou.A.as;than

B.so;as

C.even;than

D./;than（）13.I want to know ___ she is going to see a film.A.if

B.that

C.what

D.which（）14.You are sure to pass the exam ___ you study hard.A.if

B.though

C.that

D.since（）15.I'll go to see the film with you___I have time this evening.A.whether

B.so

C.if

D.when（）16.___ you study harder, you'll never pass the final exam.A.If

B.Until

C.Unless

D.Except（）17.Although it was raining, ________ still worked in the fields.A.but they

B.and they

C.they

D.and yet they（）18.___ there were only five soldiers left at the front, ___ they went on fighting.A.Because;so

B.If;and

C.Though;but

D.Though;/（）19.___ she is very old, ___ she can still work eight hours a day.A.Because;so

B.Though;but

C.As;yet

D.Though;yet（）20.Lift it up___I may see it.A.though

B.so that

C.as

D.than

狀語從句答案：1-5 B D B A B 6-10 A B B C C 11-15 D B A A C 16-20 C C D D B

第二篇：怎么區(qū)分定從賓從同位語從句

怎么區(qū)分定從賓從同位語從句？（從成分方面）老師說什么。。做在句子中做成分就是。。去掉以后句子不完整就是。。

滿意答案：

從句按其在主句中的句法功能可分為三類，即名詞性從句、形容詞性從句(即定語從句)和副詞性從句(即狀語從句)。引導從句的詞稱作關聯句。名詞性從句包括主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。引導這些名詞性從句的關聯詞包括: 從屬連詞that, if, whether;連接代詞who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose;連接副詞where, when, why, how。其中, 從屬連詞只起連接作用, 在從句中不充當任何句法成分,而連接代詞和連接副詞既起連接作用, 在從句中又充當一定的成分.That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising.The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party.I don't know if he will attend the meeting.Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你聽說瑪麗要和湯姆結婚的消息了嗎?(that引導同位語從句)[提示] 1.在含有主語從句的復合句中, 為保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主語,而將真正的主語從句置于句末.It's well known that water is indispensable to life.2.為保持句子平衡, that引導的賓語從句也常用it代替, 而將真正的賓語從句置于主句句末。這常常出現在主句有形容詞或分詞作賓語補足語的情況下。He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here.3.從屬連詞whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引導主語從句和表語從句。whether可與or(not)連用, 而if不可以。I don't know whether(if)she is at home.Whether she comes or not makes no difference.4.that和what引導名詞性從句的區(qū)別: that在從句中不充當成分,而what在從句中充當一定的成分, 如主語、表語、賓語等。that可省略, what則不可省。He always means what he says.She suggested(that)he do it at once.5.同位語從句大多由從屬連詞that引導, 常跟在下列名詞后面,如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省，一般用來解釋說明這些名詞的具體含義和內容。We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.如何判斷各類從句呢？ 答： 1．分析句子結構以區(qū)分從句的種類。遇到一個復合句，首先要分析其句子結構，看從句在整個句子中起什么作用，那么它就是什么從句。2． 分析引導詞的句法作用以區(qū)別從句的種類。that這個詞既可引導同位語從句，又可引導定語從句，這種兩種從句從形式和結構上看特別相似，如何區(qū)分呢？區(qū)分that引導的是同位語從句還是定語從句的方法是，看that在從句中是否充當句子成分，若that在從句中不充當任何成分，則為同位語從句；若that在從句中充當主語或賓語，則為定語從句。3． 根據被修飾詞來判斷從句的種類。定語從句常常修飾一些具有實際意義的名詞，如：the film；the student；the book；a house等等。而同位語從句常常修飾一些表示抽象概念的名詞，如fact、idea、promise、truth等，用來說明這些名詞所表示的具體內容。狀語從句在句子中常用來修飾謂語動詞。4．根據從句前詞的詞性來判斷從句的種類。賓語從句分兩種：動詞的賓語從句、介詞的賓語從句。賓語從句前肯定是動詞或介詞。定語從句是用來修飾名詞或代詞的，所以其前一定是一個名詞或代詞。5．根據上下文意義和結構形式上區(qū)分從句的種類。如so that即可引導目的狀語從句，又可引導結果狀語從句，如何區(qū)分呢？主要從以下兩點來區(qū)分。①根據上下文意義判斷?！耙员恪北硎灸康?，是目的狀語從句，“以致于……”，“結果……”表示結果，是結果狀語從句。②從結構形式上來分辨。so that前有逗號，為結勤勞的蜜蜂有糖吃 果狀語從句，反之，則為目的狀語從句。有時，so that前無逗號，這里要看從句中有無can、could、may、might、will、would、should 等情態(tài)動詞，如果有，則多是目的狀語從句，若沒有，則多是結果狀語從句。

第三篇：高考英語語法-簡單句并列句和反意疑問句

專題十五 簡單句、并列句和反意疑問句

一、簡單句

簡單句是指只包含一個主謂結構，而且句子的各個成分都只是單詞和短語。也就是說，如果一個句子里出現兩個或更多并列的主語共同使用一個謂語，或一個主語后面接兩個或多個并列的謂語，或者兩個主語后面接兩個謂語，我們都應視其為簡單句。Not only Tom but also his two sisters take great interest in piano.不僅湯姆，而且他的兩個姐姐也對鋼琴感興趣。

The man got up, put on his coat, hurried downstairs and run out into the street.那個人起床，穿上大衣，匆匆忙忙下了樓，跑到了街上。

二、并列句

并列復合句是由兩個或兩個以上并列而又獨立的簡單句構成。兩個簡單句常由并列連接詞連在一起，但有時不用連接詞，只在兩個簡單句之間用一逗號或分號。He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal.在射門前他遲疑了一下，要不然的話，他就進了一球。

He came to my class every week, but his attitude suggested he was not really interested in the subject.每周他都會來上我的課，但從他的態(tài)度中我知道他對這門課程并不是真的感興趣。

三、反意疑問句

反意疑問句又叫附加疑問句，是指當提問的人對前面所敘述的事實不敢肯定，而需要向對方加以證實時所提出的問句。其結構為：前一部分是一個陳述句，后一部分是一個簡單問句。完成后一部分簡單問句時，要根據前面陳述句的動詞時態(tài)和人稱來選擇適當的助動詞進行提問，前后兩部分的人稱和動詞時態(tài)要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分為否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。

Your brother has gone to the library, hasn't he? 你弟弟去圖書館了，是嗎？

He was a lazy child, and he didn't pass the exam, did he? 他是一個懶孩子，他沒能通過考試，是嗎？

This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn't it? 這是他第二次去日本，是嗎？ 在近幾年的高考試題中對簡單句、并列句和反意疑問句的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面：

一、簡單句

1．考查簡單句中的并列成分

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Tired and hungry, the old man couldn't walk any further.老人又累又餓，走不動了。

The two girls walked along the path, talking and laughing.那兩個女孩沿小路走著，有說有笑。

The man tied the horse to a tree and went into the inn.那個人把馬栓到一棵樹上，走進了酒館 2．考查情景對話中的簡單句的用法

(1)—Shall we go out for dinner tonight？今晚我們出去吃飯吧？

—That sounds great.那太好了！

(2)

—It shouldn't take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.聚會后如果我們都幫忙的話很快就會收拾干凈。

—That?s right.Many hands make light work.是的。人多力量大。

二、并列句

1.考查so, and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...等表示先后、遞進關系的并列連詞

All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.這項任務的所有準備工作都已完成，我們正準備著手做它。

Not only does she speak Spanish, she also knows how to type.她不但會說西班牙語，還會打字呢。

2．考查or, or else, either...or...等表示選擇關系的并列句Come and have lunch with me；either Tuesday or Wednesday.來和我共進午餐，星期二或者星期三。

3．考查but, yet, still, however等連接的表示相反或者轉折的并列句

They are not very good, but we like to play basketball with them anyway.他們球技不是很好，但不管怎樣我們還是喜歡和他們打籃球。

三、反意疑問句

1.考查祈使句的反意疑問句

Don't play football in the street, will you? 不要在街上打籃球好嗎？

2.考查let's...的反意疑問句

Let's go home together, shall we? 我們一起回家好嗎？

3．考查陳述部分帶有l(wèi)ittle, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意義的詞的反意疑問句

He seldom takes a bus to school, does he？他很少乘公共汽車去學校，對嗎？

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4.考查復合句的反意疑問句

They said that you had finished your homework, didn't they？他們說你做完作業(yè)了，是嗎？

高考真題探究（2006—2011年）

【2011重慶卷28】I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ______ ? A.could he

B.didn?t I

C.didn?t you

D.could they 【答案】B 【考點】考查反義疑問句。

【解析】反義疑問句的基本原則就是與主句主謂保持一致。陳述部分為肯定，故附加部分為否定，本句含有一個賓語從句且主句為“I told them……，所以選擇B。句意：我告訴他們并非每個人都可以跑得和你一樣快，不是嗎？

【2011遼寧卷33】_____ a strange plant!I've never seen it before.A.Which

B.What

C.How

D.Whether where 【答案】B 【考點】考查感嘆句。

【解析】句意：多么奇怪的植物?。∥乙郧皬臎]見過。此處為“What+a/an十adj.+n．+it is/was”的省略結構，故B項正確。

【2011上海卷 30】It doesn?t matter if they want to come to your party, _______? A.doesn?t it B.does it

C.don?t they

D.do they 【答案】B 【考點】考查反義疑問句。

【解析】反義疑問句的基本原則就是與主句主謂保持一致。陳述部分為否定，故附加部分為肯定，句意：他們是否來參加你的派對，沒有關系，是嗎？

〖10全國Ⅰ〗I have seldom seen my mother _______ pleased with my progress as she is now.A.so

B.very

C.too

D.rather 〖答案〗A 〖考點〗此題考查so…as….的固定結構

〖解析〗句意：我很少看到媽媽像現在一樣為我的進步如此開心。此題考查so…as….的固

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定結構, 題干中的關鍵詞是as, 譯為 “像…..一樣, 正如…..一樣”。因此選擇A?！?9湖南〗You and I could hardly work together，? A.could you B.couldn?t I C.couldn?t we 〖答案〗D 〖考點〗反義疑問句的用法。

〖解析〗根據陳述部分是肯定形式, 疑問部分用否定形式；反之。陳述部分中含有否定詞hardly, 故疑問部分用肯定形式, 主語是you and I。故應選D。〖09陜西〗He must be helping the old man to water the flowers，?

A.is he

B.isn?t he

C.must he

D.mustn?t he

〖答案〗B 〖考點〗考查反意疑問句。

〖解析〗陳述句中的謂語中雖有情態(tài)動詞must, 但此處must表示對正在進行的動作進行推測, 將其不看作情態(tài)動詞。而must后有助動詞be, 故反意疑問句根據助動詞be來構成, 選B。

〖09四川〗—I wonder ________ you?ll water this kind of flower.—Every other day.A.how often

B.how long

C.how soon

D.how much

〖答案〗A 〖考點〗相似疑問詞的區(qū)別。

〖解析〗根據答語Every other day可知對方問的是多久澆一次這種花。how often問頻率, 符合題意。

〖09上?！絊ally?s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, ______? A.hasn?t she B.has she 〖答案〗B 〖考點〗此題考查反意問句。

〖解析〗Sally?s的完全形式是Sally has, 判斷反意問句部分用助動詞has；never表示否定, 因此反意問句部分用肯定。答案B。

〖09遼寧〗It?s the first time that he has been to Australia，? A isn?t he

B hasn?t he

C isn?t it

D hasn?t it 〖答案〗C

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D.could we

C.isn?t she D.is she

〖考點〗此題考查反意問句。

〖解析〗陳述部分是主從復合句時, 其反意疑問部分的構成常以主句為判斷依據。答案C?！?8湖南〗

the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.A.Having searched 〖答案〗D 〖考點〗此題考查祈使句+and+簡單句

〖解析〗祈使句+and+簡單句, 相當于if引導的條件狀語從句。

〖08江蘇〗It is often said that the joy of travelling is

in arriving at your destination

in the journey itself.A./;but 〖答案〗D 〖考點〗此題考查并列句式。

〖解析〗not...but...不是……而是……, 連接兩個并列成分。句意為：據說旅游的快樂不在于你所到達的地方而在于旅程本身。

〖07北京〗When you?ve finished with that book, don?t forget to put it back on the shelf, ? B.don?t you

C.will you

D.won?t you B./;or

C.not;or

D.not;but

B.To search

C.Searching

D.Search A.do you 〖答案〗C 〖考點〗祈使句的反意疑問句

〖解析〗祈使句的反意疑問句一般用will you。

〖07上?！絋he little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle.it was!

A.What a dangerous scene

C.How a dangerous scene

〖答案〗A 〖考點〗本題考查感嘆句。

〖解析〗What a dangerous scene it was!= How dangerous the scene was!〖06全國Ⅰ〗Mary，A.come

here—everybody else, stay where you are.

C.to come

D.coming

B.What dangerous a scene D.How dangerous the scene B.comes

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〖答案〗A 〖考點〗考查祈使句的用法

〖解析〗本題考查了祈使句的用法。Mary和everybody else作為呼語出現, 后面的句子為祈使句, 省略了第二人

稱的主語you, 故應用動詞原形。

〖06全國Ⅱ〗We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, A.do you 〖答案〗C 〖考點〗此題考查祈使句的反意疑問句

〖解析〗祈使句的反意疑問句通常用will you, 意思是

“好嗎, 可以嗎”?！?6福建〗I?m sure you?d rather she went to school by bus，A.hadn?t you

〖答案〗B 〖考點〗本題考查反意疑問句。

〖解析〗在反意疑問句中, 如果主句的謂語動詞是think, suppose, believe, imagine, be sure等, 且主語為第一人稱, 簡略問句僅有肯定或否定是與主句相對應, 而主語和時態(tài)要與賓語從句一致?！?6重慶〗 and I?ll get the work finished.

B.wouldn?t you

C.aren?t I

? B.can we

C.will you

?

D.shall we

D.didn?t she

A.Have one more hour B.One more hour

C.Given one more hourD.If I have one more hour 〖答案〗B 〖考點〗本題考查 “祈使句+and+簡單句”的用法, 〖解析〗本題考查 “祈使句+and+簡單句”的用法, 其中祈使句可轉換成名詞短語, 如One more word and I?ll beat you flat.因此B項正確。如果選C, D兩項, 要去掉and。

模擬試題探究

1．(2010江蘇鹽城高三調研)—Andrew won't like it, you know.—________？ I don't care what Andrew thinks!A．So what

B．So where

C．So why

D．So how

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【答案與解析】 A 根據下文的“我不在乎安德魯怎么想”判斷，應選A項，意為“那又怎么樣呢？”

2．(2010安徽安慶一中高三模擬)Help others whenever you can ________ you will make the world a nicer place to live in.A．but

B．or

C．unless

D．and

【答案與解析】 D 這是“祈使句＋and＋簡單句”結構，相當于一個含有條件狀語從句的句子：If you help others whenever you can, you will make the world a nicer place to live in.3．(2010陜西五校高三模擬)When you've finished with that book, don't forget to put it back one the shelf，________？

A．do you

B．don't you

C．will you

D．won't you 【答案與解析】 C 肯定的祈使句的反意疑問句可用will you或won't you，但否定的祈使句的反意疑問句只能用will you。

4．(2010河北保定市高三二模)You have failed two tests.You'd better start working harder, ________you won't pass the course.A．and

B．so

C．but

D．or 【答案與解析】 D or“否則；不然的話”，引導并列句。

5．(2010山西康杰中學高三四模)If you talk nice and polite, people listen to you.If you shout, this is no good，________？

A.do you B．don't you

C.is it

D.isn't it 【答案與解析】 C 句子的主語為this, that時，反意問句的主語用it。

6．(2010四川綿陽高考模擬)You may not have played very well today, but at least you've got through to the next round and ________.A．tomorrow never comes

B．tomorrow is another day C．never put off till tomorrow

D．there is no tomorrow 【答案與解析】 B 該題需根據上下文的語義判斷，tomorrow is another day“明天又是新的一天”。

7．(2010浙江杭州高三二模)________ it was!A．What a splendid scene B．What splendid a scene

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C．How a splendid scene D．How splendid the scene 【答案與解析】 A scene是可數名詞同時又是中心詞，所以選A項，用How來引導則為：How splendid a scene it was!8．(安徽省合肥市2010高三年級模擬試卷)Between the two generations, it is often not their age, ________ their education that causes misunderstanding.A．like

B．as

C．or

D．but 【答案與解析】 D 根據前面的not判斷，句子的上下文為轉折關系，所以用but。題意為“兩代人之間，不是他們的年齡，而是教育引起了誤解”。

9．(2010福建龍巖一中高考模擬)—What do you know from the signpost? —It ________the direction of London from here.A．announces

B．explains C．points

D．indicates 【答案與解析】 D announce“宣布”；explain“解釋”；point(to)“指向”；indicate“標示”。題意為“它標示了從這里去倫敦的方向”。

10．(2010東北師大附中高三模擬)—I should have gone to the wonderful concert with you yesterday.—What a pity!________，I wish I would have another such chance.A．If possible C.So what

B．No problem D.What for

【答案與解析】 A if possible“如果有可能的話”，與上下文語意相符。no problem“沒問題”；so what“那又怎么樣呢”；what for“為什么”，都不符合題意。

11．(2010長沙長郡中學高三一模)—Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.—________？ That's his third one in just one month.A．Had he

B．Did he

C．Does he

D．Has he 【答案與解析】 B 根據上文的bought可知，此處應用did。

12．(2010廈門一中高三模擬)________felt funny watching myself on TV.A．One

B．This

C．It

D．That 【答案與解析】 C it作主語代替后面的watching myself on TV。

13．(2010江蘇如白本一中高三模擬)All flights had been called off ________ the terrible weather，第 8頁

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so they had to go there by train.A．instead of

B．in spite of

C.according to

D.because of 【答案與解析】 D because of“由于；因為”，后接名詞、代詞或名詞性從句。

14．(2010東北三校聯考)________ and out of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.A．To be tried

B.Tired C.Tiring

D.Being tiring

【答案與解析】 B tired“疲憊的”，常用來指人；tiring“令人疲倦的”，常用來指事物。15．(2010西安四校統考)It is so nice to hear from her.________，we last met more than thirty years ago.A．What's more

B.That is to say C．In other words

D．Believe it or not 【答案與解析】 D believe it or not“信不信由你”。

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第四篇：2010高考二輪復習英語教案

2010高考二輪復習英語教案

專題八 非謂語動詞和獨立主格結構

【專題要點】非謂語動詞和獨立主格結構主要用法如下：1.動名詞和動詞不定式作主語、賓語；2.只跟動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語；3.只跟動詞不定式作賓語的常見動詞； 4.既可以跟動名詞又可以跟動詞不定式作賓語，且意義不同的動詞或短語；5.不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞作賓語補足語的區(qū)別；6.不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞作定語時的區(qū)別； 7.不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞作狀語時的區(qū)別；8.動名詞的復合結構在句中作狀語； 9.there be 結構的兩種非謂語形式；10.獨立主格結構在句中作狀語； 11.with復合結構在句中作狀語或定語。

【考綱要求】非謂語動詞包括不定式、動詞-ing形式和過去分詞三種形式。動詞的非謂語形式是中學英語語法的重點和難點,也是每年高考熱點中的熱點, 考綱要求掌握：非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)；他們在英語句子中的作用；非謂語動詞的基本用法和含義，非謂語動詞在句子中可以充當多種句子成分，比如主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語等；掌握非謂語動詞充當相同句子成分時的辨析；掌握非謂語動詞在不同的語境、語義下的運用。對于獨立主格結構考綱要求掌握獨立主格結構的構成方式；在句子中的作用以及with復合結構。

【教法指引】非謂語動詞包括不定式、v-ing形式和過去分詞，是高中英語學習的難點，也是高考考查的重點。高中英語非謂語動詞是一個重要考點，教師在引導學生復習備考中要注意重點突出、訓練得當，尤其是對以下要點的復習： 1.不定式、現在分詞與過去分詞的用法區(qū)別；2.非謂語動詞的主動式與被動式；3.非謂語動詞完成式的用法；4.非謂語動詞用作伴隨狀語；5.非謂語動詞用作目的狀語；6.非謂語動詞用作結果狀語；7.非謂語動詞用作賓語補足語；8.非謂語動詞的邏輯主語問題；9.非謂語動詞用作主語的問題；10.“(be+)過去分詞+介詞”結構；11.動名詞的復合結構和there be結構的非謂語動詞形式。

對于獨立主格結構的復習，教師必須要講清它的構成方式和在句子中的作用以及與with復合結構和分詞之間的辨析的關系。【知識網絡】 非謂語動詞用法

非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和現在分詞。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語動詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語動詞在句子中做主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語以及一些特殊結構句型等角度來區(qū)分其用法和細微含義。1．不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別

(1)動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作；而不定式作主語表示具體動作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．這里禁止抽煙。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。(具體)(2)動名詞作主語時，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經驗。不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(經驗)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。(經驗)(3）不定式做主語，一般用it當形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區(qū)別(1)不定式作表語

1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動作，特別是表示將來的動作。

To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做兩件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開始干。2）如果主語是不定式（表示條件），表語也是不定式（表示結果）。To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。

To work means to earn a living．工作就是為了生活。

3)如果主語是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導的名詞性從句，不定式作表語是對主語起補充說明 作用。

His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不遠的將來買一輛豪華轎車。

The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．(2)動名詞作表語：動名詞作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為。Our work is serving the people．我們的工作是為人民服務。His hobby is collecting stamps．他的愛好是集郵。(注)動名詞作表語時與進行時態(tài)中的現在分詞形式相同，但其所屬結構迥異，進行時態(tài)說明動作是由主語完成的。動名詞做表語，說明主語的性質或情況。

People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．(3)分詞作表語

分詞做表語有兩種情況，一種是現在分詞做表語，一種是過去分詞做表語，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經常考到的地方。一般來說，表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞如excite，interest等都是及物動詞，漢語意思不是“激動”，“高興”，而是“使激動”、“使高興”，因而現在分詞應該是“令人激動的”、“令人高興的”，過去分詞則是“感到激動的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人??的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到??”都用-ed形式。換句話說，若人對??感興趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有興趣時，就是說sb./sth.is interesting.這類詞常見的有： interesting使人感到高興--interested感到高興的 exciting令人激動的--excited感到激動的 delighting令人高興的--delighted感到高興的 disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人費解的--puzzled感到費解的 satisfying令人滿意的---satisfied感到滿意的 surprising令人驚異的--surprised感到驚異的 worrying令人擔心的--worried感到擔心的

Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。

The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要學生學得太多，他們會感到糊涂的。

The argument is very convincing．他的論點很令人信服。

They were very excited at the news．聽到這個消息，他們非常激動。3．不定式和動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別

英語中大多數動詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動名詞作直接賓語，但有些動詞要求：(1)不定式做賓語和賓語補足語 1)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓語 【口訣記憶】

決心學會想希望，拒絕設法愿假裝，主動答應選計劃 同意請求幫一幫，愿望似乎就沒有，碰巧承擔常努力。attempt企圖 enable能夠 neglect忽視 afford負擔得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 begin開始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 appear似乎，顯得 determine決定 manage設法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厭惡 pretend假裝 ask問 dread害怕 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love愛 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg請求 fail不能 plan計劃

bother擾亂；煩惱 forget忘記 prefer喜歡，寧愿 care關心，喜歡 happen碰巧 prepare準備 decide決定 learn學習regret抱歉，遺憾 choose選擇 hesitate猶豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承諾，允許 start開始 undertake承接 want想要 consent同意，贊同 intend想要 refuse拒絕 decide決定 learn學習vow起

contrive設法，圖謀 incline有?傾向 propose提議 seek找，尋覓 try試圖

2)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓補：動詞+賓語+動詞不定式 ask要求，邀請 get請，得到 prompt促使 allow允許 forbid禁止 prefer喜歡，寧愿 announce宣布 force強迫 press迫使 bride 收買 inspire鼓舞 request請求 assist協助 hate憎惡 pronounce斷定，表示 advise勸告 exhort告誡，勉勵 pray請求

authorize授權，委托 help幫助 recommend勸告，推薦 bear容忍 implore懇求 remind提醒 beg請求 induce引誘 report報告

compel強迫 invite吸引，邀請，summon傳喚 command命令 intend想要，企圖 show 顯示 drive驅趕 mean意欲，打算 train訓練 cause引起 instruct指示 require要求 deserve應受 leave使，讓 tell告訴 direct指導 like喜歡 tempt勸誘 entitle有資格 order命令 warn告誡 enable使能夠 need需要 urge激勵，力說 encourage鼓勵 oblige不得不 want想要 condemn指責，譴責 lead引起，使得 teach教 entreat懇求 permit允許 wish希望(2)有少數動詞只能用動名詞作賓語 【口訣記憶】

考慮建議盼原諒，避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認完成就欣賞 禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準逃亡

acknowledge承認，自認 cease 停止 mention說到，講到 admit 承認 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜歡，討厭 advocate：提倡，主張 complete完成 dread可怕 appreciate 感激，欣賞 confess坦白 endure忍受 avoid避免 contemplate細想 enjoy享有，喜愛 bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒

can't help不禁 delay延遲 escape逃跑，逃避 can't stand受不了 deny否認 excuse借口 consider 考慮 detest嫌惡 fancy幻想，愛好 favor 造成，偏愛 mind 介意 repent悔悟 figure描繪，計算 miss錯過 resent怨恨

finish完成，結束不得 pardon原諒，饒恕 resist抵抗，阻止 forgive原諒 permit 允許 resume恢復 imagine設想 postpone延遲，延期 risk冒險

involve卷入，包含 practise 實行，實踐 suggest建議 hate討厭 prevent阻止 save營救，儲蓄 keep保持 quit放棄停止 stand堅持，忍受 loathe非常討厭，厭惡 recall回想

I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激兩年前給我出國學習的機會。

(3)有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別 【口訣記憶】 想起忘記常后悔

1）forget to do 忘記要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）2）stop to do 停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或經常做的事 3）remember to do 記住去做某事（未做）remember doing記得做過某事(已做)4)regret to do對要做的事遺憾 regret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔 5）try to do努力、企圖做某事 try doing試驗、試一試某種辦法 6)mean to do打算，有意要? mean doing意味著

7）go on to do 繼而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）proposing doing建議（做某事）9)like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具體行為；+doing sth 表示抽象、傾向概念（注)如果這些動詞前有should一詞，其后賓語只跟不定式，不能跟動名詞。例如： I should like to see him tomorrow．

10)need, want, deserve +動名詞表被動意義；+不定式被動態(tài)表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。

Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不記得以前見過那個人嗎? You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要記著是明天動身。

I don't regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔給她講過我的想法。(已講過)I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實在沒辦法。(未做但要做)You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心。

Let's try doing the work some other way．讓我們試一試用另外一種辦法來做這工作。I didn't mean to hurt your feeling．我沒想要傷害你的感情。

This illness will mean(your)going to hospital．得了這種病(你)就要進醫(yī)院。4．不定式、現在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別(1）不定式作定語

1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關系

He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一個離開教室的。The train to arrive was from London．將要到站的火車是從倫敦開來的。2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動賓關系 Get him something to eat．給他拿點兒東西吃。

She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。

3)不及物動詞構成的不定式做定語，要加上適當的介詞和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動賓關系，這里的介詞不能省去。

I need a pen to write with．我需要一支筆寫字。There is nothing to worry about．沒有什么值得發(fā)愁的。

4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時間、機會、權利等抽象名詞如： ability能力，本領 drive趕，駕駛 movement運動，活動 ambition抱負，野心 effort努力，嘗試 need需要，需求 campaign戰(zhàn)役，運動 failure失敗，不及格 opportunity機會 chance機會 force力，壓力，要點 promise許諾，希望 courage勇氣 intention意向，意圖 reason理由，原因 decision決定 method方法，方式 light光，光線，亮光

determination決心，決定 motive動機，目的 struggle奮斗，努力，tendency傾向，趨勢 wish希望，愿望，祝愿

5）被修飾的名詞前有序數詞、形容詞最高級或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定詞時候，只能用不定式。

6）不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等習慣上用不定式做定語。John will do anything but work on a farm．除了農活，約翰什么都愿意干。

7）如果其動詞要求用不定式做賓語，或者其形容詞要求不定式做補語，則相應的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如： tend to do---tendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true．他要買輛車的愿望實現了。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us． 他們放棄這個實驗的決定使我們大吃一驚。

He is always the first to come and the last to leave． 他總是第一個到來，最后一個離去。(2)分詞作定語

分詞作定語時有下面幾個特點：

1)現在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞一般表示被動含意。2)現在分詞表示正在進行，過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或做完(完成)的事。He rushed into the burning house．他沖進了正在燃燒著的房子。

The child standing over there is my brother．站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房間是我們的教室。Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那個修好的表了嗎? He is an advanced teacher．他是個先進教師。

3）下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語，但不具有被動意義，這點要注意： departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come(3)不定式和分詞作定語時的時間關系 一般來說，不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后；現在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；過去分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。例如：

Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要見那位將從北京請來的醫(yī)生嗎？

Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要見那位正在辦公室里寫病歷的醫(yī)生嗎？ 5．不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別

（1）現在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別。

現在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關系的區(qū)別。

1）現在分詞作狀語時，現在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作，它們之間的關系是主動關系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后將門隨手關上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。

2）過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關系是被動關系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果對這些樹多關心一些，它們本來會長得更好。

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困難的時候，我們必須設法克服。(2)動詞不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別

1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨，而不定式常常表示目的。

They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他們站在路邊談論著這個計劃。(伴隨)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他們站在路邊為的是談論這個計劃。(目的)2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時，除了表示目的以外，還表示結果或原因。Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在專心讀書，他忘了吃午飯的時間。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔細讀書時，發(fā)現了一些從前不知道的東西。(時間)Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔細閱讀，你會學到一些新的東西。(條件)His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太窮，不能維持他的生活。(結果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．這男孩個子不夠高，手伸不到書架。(結果)We are glad to hear the news．我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因)（3）下面一些句型是不定式做狀語時候應該注意的：

a：not/never too?to, too?not to , but/only too? to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義

b：做結果狀語的不定式只能出現在句子的末尾，常見的不定式動詞有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。

c：不定式做狀語時，其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語，否則用for引導主語。6．非謂語動詞?？嫉钠渌Y構（1)疑問詞+不定式結構

疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語和雙重賓語。如：

When to start has not been decided．何時動身尚未決定。(主語)I don't know what to do．我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語)The difficulty was how to cross the river．困難在于如何過河。(表語)I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告訴你哪里可以買到此書。（雙重賓語）注）A.有時疑問詞前可用介詞，如：

I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。

B.動詞know 后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語，只能跟疑問詞（如：how, what）+不定式： While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.(2)介詞except和but作“只有?，只能?”講時跟不定式結構（but與不帶to的不定式 連用）。

When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.(3)不帶to的不定式

1）在表示生理感覺的動詞后的不定式不帶to。這類詞有： feel 覺得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear聽到 watch注視 listen to聽 perceive察覺，感知 notice注意 see看見 look at看 hear聽

On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue.2)另一類是某些使役動詞，如make, let，have等。如： Let him do it.讓他做吧。

I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了。(注)：

①上述感覺動詞與使役動詞轉換為被動結構時．其后的不定式一般需帶to，如： He was seen to come．

The boy was made to go to bed early.②在動詞find與help之后，不定式可帶to亦可不帶to，如: He was surprised to find the sheep(to)break fence at this season．他發(fā)現羊在此季節(jié)越出柵欄，感到驚訝。

3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)結構中。例如：

Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上，我除了看電視別的什么也沒有干。但是，如果謂語動詞不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶。

The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．醫(yī)生除了讓他戒煙，其它什么都沒有說。

There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外，他們沒有別有別的辦法。

（4）不定式與動名詞的邏輯主語和分詞獨立結構

1)不定式的邏輯主語為：for +名詞(或代詞賓格)+ 不定式。例如： I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我發(fā)現他—個人干這活是不可能的。

(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容詞后面，常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語。例如： It was wise of him to do that．他那樣做是明智的。

2)動名詞的邏輯主語為；①人稱代詞的所有格+動名詞；②名詞's+動名詞。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他堅持要我和他們一起去。He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。

3)某些形容詞，如：careless等不定式后可以加of來引導出其邏輯主語。這類詞主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 It is very kind of you to help me．你幫助我太好了。

間或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遺憾了公司里有這么多的麻煩。

7．非謂語動詞中的有關句型（1）動名詞作主語的句型

1）Doing...+ v.Reading is an art.閱讀是門藝術。Seeing is believing.眼見為實。2)It is + no use, no good(fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名詞+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭沒有用。It is no good objecting.反對也沒有用。It is a great fun playing football．打籃球很有趣。

It is a waste of time trying to explain．設法解釋是浪費時間。

3)It is + useless(nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容詞)+ doing sth． It is useless speaking.光說沒用。

It is nice seeing you again．真高興又遇到了你。It is good Playing chess after supper．晚飯后弈棋挺好。It is expensive running this car．開這種小車是浪費。8.非謂語動詞的特殊結構

有些非謂語形式已成為固定用語，用來表示說話人對說話內容所特的態(tài)度。1）現在分詞的獨立結構

judging from / by?, generally speaking, strictly speaking 2)不定式的獨立結構

to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin / start with 3)動詞原形： Believe it or not(信不信由你)4)作連詞的分詞considering（考慮到，就?而言），providing / provided ?假如，supposing 假如 這些詞用來表示條件的連詞，后接that 從句。

獨立主格結構

一、概念：

“獨立主格結構”是由名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語，加上分詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式或介詞短語作為邏輯謂語構成。這種結構在形式上與主句沒有關系，通常稱為“獨立主格結構”。

二、功能：

“獨立主格結構”實質就是帶有自己主語的非限定狀語從句。眾所周知非限定性從句通常以主句的某一成分作為自己的邏輯主語，從而依附于主句。而有些非限定性從句和無動詞從句帶有自己的主語，在結構上與主句不發(fā)生關系，因此成為獨立主格結構。其實，雖然叫做獨立主格結構，并不是真正的獨立，它還是一種從屬分句，在句中有多種作用。如：表原因、表條件、表方式、表伴隨、表時間等，在句中通常起狀語作用。

三、形式：

獨立主格結構在形式上有兩部分組成：第一部分有名詞或代詞擔任，第二部分由分詞、動詞不定式、形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語擔任。按其結構形式分為：—ing 分詞獨立主格結構；—ed分詞獨立主格結構；無動詞獨立主格結構等。

四、舉例：

1、There being nothing else to do, they gone away.由于無事可做，他們離開了。（代詞＋－ing;表原因）

2、Miss Wang come into the classroom, books in hand.王老師走進教室，手里拿著書。（無動詞結構；表伴隨）

3、The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.老人坐在椅子上，閉著眼睛。（名詞＋－ed;表狀態(tài)）

4、Class over, we began to play basketball.放學了，我們開始玩籃球。（名詞＋副詞；表時間）

5、Without a word more spoken, he picked up the paper.沒再多說一個字，他拾起那張紙。（借此結構；表伴隨）

6、The last guest to arrive, our party was started.最后一位客人到了，我們的晚會開始了。（名詞＋不定式；表時間）

五、獨立主格結構與分詞短語作狀語的異同：

1、獨立主格結構與分詞短語都可以轉化成狀語從句。但是，獨立主格結構轉換成狀語從句后，有自己的邏輯主語，與主句的主語不一致；而分詞短語轉化為狀語從句后，從句的主語與主句的主語相同。例：

⑴ If time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend.－→Time permitting，we’d better have a rest at this weekend.如果時間允許，本周末我們最好休息一下。

⑵ When we see from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.－→Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.從頂樓上看，花園更漂亮。

2、還應該注意，分詞結構的邏輯主語不是總和主句的主語一致，而是主句的其他成分。語法上稱作“依著原則”；有些分詞結構在句子上找不到它的邏輯主語，語法上稱作“懸垂分詞”。例：

⑴ Looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long time.在屋里找表，用了我很長時間。(依著原則)⑵ When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the root.(我們)種花時必須小心，不能碰壞花根。（懸垂分詞）

六、獨立主格結構與獨立成分的異同：

1、有的分詞短語可以獨立存在，在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語，實際上已經成了習慣短語。這些短語有：generally speaking;frankly speaking;judging from;supposing等等。例：

⑴ Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.總的來說，這個規(guī)則很容易懂。

⑵ Judging from what he said, she must be an honest girl.根據他所說的，她一定很誠實。

2、有些固定短語是帶to的不定式，表明說話人的立場和態(tài)度，在句中作獨立成分。這些短語有：to be honest;to be sure;to tell you the truth;to cut a long story short;to be frank;to make the matter worse等等。例：

⑴ To tell you the truth, what I said at the meeting was not my opinion.說實話，我在會上說的并不是我的意見。

⑵ To make the matter worse, he locked his keys in the car.更糟糕的是，他把鑰匙鎖在車里了

七、非謂語動詞獨立主格結構

在獨立主格結構中，非謂語動詞和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系。Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.有這么能干的人來幫你, 你遲早一定會成功的。（such an able man和 to help you 之間存在著主謂關系）

= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在書桌旁坐好后，他母親開始給他講故事。（seating himself at the desk擁有了自己的邏輯主語he，注意是“主格”）

= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丟了自行車鑰匙，他只好步行去學校。（lost 的邏輯主語是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost）

= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A．不定式“獨立主格結構”

在“邏輯主語+動詞不定式”結構中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系。這種結構也可用一個從句或并列分句來表達。1．動詞不定式用主動的形式

在獨立主格結構中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系。His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.他母親今晚要來,他正在忙著準備飯菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）

——will you go to the concert tonight 你今晚去聽音樂會嗎？ ——sorry.So many exercise-books to check, I really can't afford any time.對不起，有這多的作業(yè)要批，我真的抽不出時間。

（＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight ,I really can't afford any time.）

The four of us agreed on a division of labour , each to translate a quarter of the book.我們四人同意分工干，每人翻譯全書的四分之一。

（＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.）

Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.種上許多的樹，花和草后，我們新建的學校將看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)B．-ing形式“獨立主格結構”

動詞的-ing形式作狀語時，其邏輯主語一般應與句子的主語保持一致。Being ill, he went home.由于生病,他回家了。（= As he was very ill, he went home.）Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.在課桌旁坐好后，他開始看雜志。（= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.）

1． 表示時間的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”

Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.每個人都準備好后，老師開始上課。（相當于一個時間狀語從句When everyone was ready)The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.每個人坐好后，主席開始開會。（相當于一個時間狀語從句after everyone was seated）2． 表示原因的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”

The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.由那個男孩帶路，我們沒有困難就找到了那奇怪的洞。（相當于一個原因狀語從句Because the boy led the way）Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.許多眼睛看著他，他感到有點兒緊張。（相當于一個原因狀語從句As many eyes were watching him）必背：

含有being的獨立主格結構。

It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded.今天是國慶節(jié),街上很擁擠。

= As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.沒有別的事可討論，我們都回家了。

= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.3． 表示條件的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”

Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.時間允許的話，我們下星期將進行一次野炊。（相當于一個條件狀語從句If time permits)My health allowing, I will work far into the night.我的健康許可的話，我愿工作到深夜。（相當于一個條件狀語從句If my health allows）4． 表示方式的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”

The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.學生們快樂地在學校里走著，每個人胸前都帶著一張卡。（相當于一個并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest）

The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看著天空。（相當于一個并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）

C．-ed形式“獨立主格結構”

與邏輯主語+動詞的-ing形式一樣，如果-ed形式的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致的話，就需要用-ed形式的獨立主格結構。

The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.該書是用簡單英語寫的，英語初學者也能看懂。

= As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it.The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人們的生活條件大大提高，他們工作得更起勁了。

= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上課專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。

= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.The task completed, he had two months' leave.任務完成以后，他休了兩個月的假。（=When the task had been completed, he had two months' leave.）比較：

動詞不定式表示動作沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生，動詞-ed形式表示動作已經結束，動詞-ing形式往往表示動作正在進行。

The manager looks worried，many things to settle.經理看上去很著急, 有這么多的事情要處理。（事情還沒有處理，而且是由經理本人來處理，用不定式to settle）The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.許多事情已經處理好了，經理看上去很輕松。（事情已經處理好了，用動詞-ed形式settled表示動作已經結束）

The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.小孩一邊做飯，一邊看電視。（兩個動作同時進行）

The food cooked, the boy went to bed.飯做好了，小孩去睡了。（兩個動作有先后，飯已做好，小孩才去睡覺的

八、with、without 引導的獨立主格結構

介詞with/without +賓語+賓語的補足語可以構成獨立主格結構，上面討論過的獨立主格結構的幾種情況在此結構中都能體現。A． with+名詞代詞+形容詞

He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.他不喜歡開著窗子睡覺。

= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中，衣服濕透了。

= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.注意：

在“with+名詞代詞+形容詞”構成的獨立主格結構中，也可用已形容詞化的-ing形式或-ed形式。

With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.由于兒子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快樂。

With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.父親如此出名，兒子不想讀書。B． with+名詞代詞+副詞

Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的燈都打開時，我們的學?？瓷先ジ?。

= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父親在前，小孩在后走著。

= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.C． with+名詞代詞+介詞短語

He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或 He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在門口，手里拿著一部電腦。

= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.文森特坐在課桌前，嘴里銜著一支筆。

= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.D． with+名詞代詞+動詞的-ed形式

With his homework done, Peter went out to play.作業(yè)做好了，彼得出去玩了。

= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.With the signal given, the train started.信號發(fā)出了，火車開始起動了。

= After the signal was given, the train started.I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.工作還沒完成，我不敢回家。

= I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished.E． with+名詞代詞+動詞的-ing形式

The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.有這么多的孩子坐在他周圍，那男子感到很高興。

= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起來，沒有人知道它在哪里。

= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.他趁沒人注意的時候，從窗口溜走了。

= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.F． with+名詞代詞+動詞不定式

The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.有這么多的家庭作業(yè)要做，小男孩看上去很不開心。

= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有這么多的名勝可參觀，小孩很激動。

The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.提示：

在with/without 的復合結構中，多數情況下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她沒再說什么話就離開了會議室。（without不能省略）

九、獨立主格結構的句法功能

獨立主格結構在句中除了能充當原因狀語、時間狀語、條件狀語和伴隨狀語外，還能作定語。在形式上，“獨立主格結構”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗號與主句隔開。A．作狀語

獨立主格結構作狀語，其功能相當于一個狀語從句或并列分句。1．表示時間 Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.夜幕降臨，我們在一家小旅館住了下來。

（= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.）All the guests seated, they began their dinner.所有的客人就坐后，他們才開始吃飯。

（= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.）With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.所需要的都買好后，格雷斯打的回家了。

（After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.）2．表示原因

With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.有許多難題要解決，新當選的總統日子不好過。

（= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.）

There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.由于在半夜沒有交通工具了，他只好步行回家。

(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)3．表示條件

Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.如果天氣允許的話，我們下星期將舉行每年一次的運動會。

（= If weather permits，we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.）All the work done, you can have a rest.所有工作做好后，你可以休息。

（=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.）

Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.如果從各方面考慮，你的計劃似乎更實際些。

（= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.）提示：

表示時間、原因、條件的獨立主格結構一般放在句首，并且不能保留連詞。【誤】When class being over, the students left their classroom.【正】Class(being)over, the students left their classroom.下課了，學生都離開了教室。

【誤】The moon appearing and they continued their way.【正】The moon appearing, they continued their way.月亮出來了，他們繼續(xù)趕路。4．表示伴隨情況或補充說明

The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand.那個奇怪的男人在街上走著,手里拿著根手杖。

（= The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.）The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.殺人犯被帶了進來，手被捆在背后。

（=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.）Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.有兩百人在事故中喪生，其中許多是兒童。

（Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.）B．作定語

獨立主格結構作定語，其功能相當于一個定語從句。

He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled.(with 的復合結構作定語,修飾the student)他就是有許多問題要解決的那個人。

= He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled.You can use a large plastic bottle with its top cut off.(with 的復合結構作定語,修飾bottle)你可以使用一個頸被砍掉的大塑料瓶。

= You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut off.He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.他走在一條兩邊沒有路燈的馬路上。(without的復合結構作定語,修飾the road)= He was walking along the road that didn’t have any street lights on its both sides.提示：

在這里我們討論了很多用連詞連接的兩個句子改為獨立主格結構的情況。需要提示的是，不 是所有用連詞的地方都可以改為獨立主格結構。

If you stand on the top of the mountain，the park looks more beautiful.如果你站在山頂上, 公園看上去更美。（不要改為獨立主格結構）

If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided.如果你仔細檢查試卷的話，有些錯誤是可以避免的。（不要改為獨立主格結構）

第五篇：高考英語單項選擇精品教案-并列句和狀語從句

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專題九 并列句和狀語從句

高考命題聚焦

1．(2011年高考山東卷)He had his camera ready________he saw something that would make a good picture.A．even if

B．if only C．in case

D．so that 解析：句意：他準備好了相機，以便他看到好的東西就隨時拍下來。even if “即使”，引導讓步狀語從句； if only“如果??就好了”，引導虛擬條件句；so that 引導目的和結果狀語從句，均不符合句意。由句意可知應選in case，意為“以防萬一”。答案：C 2．(2011年高考天津卷)________regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A．If

B．As C．Although

D．Unless 解析：句意：雖然有規(guī)律的鍛煉很重要，但在臨睡覺前鍛煉卻從來不是個好主意。if可引導條件狀語從句，表示“如果”；as 可引導時間狀語從句，表示“當??時”，若引導讓步狀語從句，句子需用倒裝；分析前句“有規(guī)律的鍛煉很重要”和后句“臨睡前鍛煉卻不好”可知，前句為后句的讓步狀語，故選C項，although 表示“雖然”，可引導讓步狀語從句；unless 表示“除非”，引導條件狀語從句。答案：C 3．(2011年高考江西卷)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ________ it is convenient to you.A．whenever

B．however C．whichever

D．wherever 解析：句意：請打電話讓我的秘書安排一個會議，在今天下午或是任何你方便的時候。whenever無論何時；however無論如何；whichever無論哪一個；wherever無論何地。此處or連接的是和this afternoon并列的兩個時間狀語(從句)，故只有A項正確。答案：A 4．(2011年高考陜西卷)________ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.A．Since

B．While C．If

D．As 解析：句意：盡管他們都是很有實力的求職者，但是只有一個人會被選中擔任這一職位。since因為，既然；while盡管；if如果；as因為。根據句意選while。答案：B 5．(2011年高考福建卷)It was April 29,2011________Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.A．that

B．when C．since

D．before 解析：句意：2011年4月29日，威廉王子與凱特·米德爾頓步入了婚禮殿堂。分析句子結構可知，April 29,2011為定語從句的先行詞，從句缺少時間狀語，故用when引導。此題易誤選A項that，認為這是強調句型“It's/was＋被強調部分＋that...”的應用。若選 that 的話，April 29,2011前要加介詞on。答案：B

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核心考點突破

一、句子的分類

二、并列句的基本概念

并列句是由兩個或兩個以上并列而又獨立的簡單句構成。在并列句中，這些簡單句常由并列連詞連在一起。并列連詞所連接的簡單句被稱為分句。

三、常見的并列句

1．表遞進關系：用來表遞進關系的并列連詞有and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，not...but...等。

(2011年高考山東卷)Find ways to praise your children often，________you'll find they will open their hearts to you.A．till

B．or C．and

D．but 句意：如果你能找到一些方法來經常表揚你的孩子，你就會發(fā)現他們會向你敞開心扉。本題所考查的句式為“祈使句＋and/or＋ 陳述句”。本句中前面的祈使句表示條件，后面的陳述句表示條件下的結果，故用 and 連接；or表示“否則”，與句意不符。

C 2．表選擇關系：常用的并列連詞有or，either...or...，otherwise等。Either you are right，or I am.要么你對，要么我對。Don't drive so fast，or/otherwise you'll have an accident.不要開那么快，否則你會出事的。

3．表轉折關系：常用的并列連詞有but，yet，whereas，while等。Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now.簡說她病了，但剛才我在街上看到了她。

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Some men are rich，while/whereas others are poor.一些人很富有但其他人很貧窮。

4．表因果關系：常用的并列連詞有so，for。It must have rained last night for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了，到處都這么濕。

The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk.商店都關門了，所以我沒買到牛奶。

5．when還可用作并列連詞，其意義為“那時，這時”，相當于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：(1)sb.was doing sth.when...(2)sb.was about to/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...(3)sb.had just done sth.when...。

We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我們正在開會，這時突然有人闖了進來。

We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我們正打算動身，突然下起了雨。

典例2](2011年高考浙江卷)One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________ my daughter heard cries for help.A．after

B．while C．since

D．when 句意：一個周五，我們正在打包裹動身去過周末，就在這時我女兒聽到了呼救聲。表示“正在做某事??就在這時(突然)??”用be doing sth.when…，所以D項正確。

D 6．while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對比。He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.他喜歡流行音樂，而我喜歡民間音樂。

一、時間狀語從句 1．when，while和as when引導的從句的謂語動詞既可是一個持續(xù)性動詞，也可是非持續(xù)性動詞；while引導的從句的謂語動詞必須是持續(xù)性的，側重主句動作和從句動作相對比；as引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是持續(xù)性動詞，也可以是非持續(xù)性動詞，有“隨著”之意，多用于主從句動作同時發(fā)生。

2．as soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when，once等引導的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作隨即就發(fā)生，常譯為“一??就??”。3．till，until和not(...)until till，until引導時間狀語從句時，主句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，主從句都為肯定式，意為“某動作一直延續(xù)到某一時間才停止”。not(...)until引導時間狀語從句時，主句的謂語動詞必須是非延續(xù)性動詞，從句為肯定式，意為“直到……才……”。not(...)until還可以用于強調句和倒裝句。4．before和since 若表達“沒過……就，過了……才”之意時，須用連詞before，句式為“It was/will be＋時間段＋before...”；since意為“自從……”，句式為“It is/has been＋時間段＋since...”。

5．every time，each time，next time，the first time，any time等名詞短語引導時間狀語從句時，分別表示“每次……，每次……，下次……，第一次……，任何時候……”。

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Mary made coffee ________her guests were finishing their meal.A．so that

B．although C．while

D．as if 此處的while表示“當??的時候”，表示兩個動作同時發(fā)生；“瑪麗煮咖啡”和“她的客人吃完飯”這兩個動作是同時進行的，因此要用while。

C

二、讓步狀語從句

1．讓步狀語從句表示盡管有某種不利于主句動作發(fā)生的條件存在，主句中的情況依然會出現。引導讓步狀語從句的連詞比較多，常見的有：although，though，while；even if＝even though；no matter＋疑問詞＝疑問詞＋ever；whether…or...。

although與though兩者意思相近，用法也相近，都可以與yet，still或nevertheless連用，但不能和but連用。2．as引導讓步狀語從句要倒裝

as引導讓步狀語從句時，狀語、表語及謂語動詞的一部分應置于as之前。若表語是名詞，前置時要省略冠詞。

Tim is in good shape physically ________he doesn't get much exercise.A．as

B．even though C．unless

D．as long as 句意：盡管Tim鍛煉得不多，但他的身材保持得很好。此處的even though表示讓步，意為“即使”。

B(2011年高考遼寧卷)No matter how________，it is not necessarily lifeless.A．a desert may be dry

B．dry a desert may be C．may a desert be dry

D．dry may a desert be 句意：一個沙漠無論多么干旱，也不一定就沒有生命。how 與形容詞和可數名詞單數連用的順序為：how＋形容詞＋a(n)＋可數名詞單數，與其用法一樣的還有so，too等。如：so difficult a question 如此難的一個問題；It's too long a journey to make in one day.旅程太遠，一天之內到不了。故選B。

B

三、條件狀語從句

引導條件狀語從句的連詞有：if，unless(＝if...not)(除非)，so(as)long as(只要)，in case(以防萬一)，on condition that(條件是)，supposing(that)(假設)，provided/providing(that)(假如)等。

(2011年高考江蘇卷)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.________，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.A．Otherwise

B．If not C．But for that

D．If so 句意：聽起來好像汽車的發(fā)動機出了故障。如果這樣的話，我們最好馬上把它開到維修廠(修理一下)。otherwise否則，要不然； if not如果不是這樣的話；but for that 要不是那樣。以上三項均不符合句意和語境。if so“如果這樣的話”，符合句意和語境。if so 相當于 if something is wrong with the car's engine。

D(2011年高考湖南卷)Jack wasn't saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him________he had done something very clever.第 4頁

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A．as if

B．in case C．while

D．though 句意：杰克什么也沒說，但是老師朝著他笑，就好像他做了非常明智的事情一樣。

as if 好像；in case以防萬一；while當??時候，而，卻；though盡管。由句意可知應選A項。

A

四、地點、原因狀語從句 1．地點狀語從句

地點狀語從句是表示主句謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生的地點的狀語從句，引導詞有where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere等。2．原因狀語從句

引導原因狀語從句的連詞有：because，as，since，now(that)，for，seeing(that)，considering that等，每個連詞的含義不盡相同。

Today，we will begin________we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A．when

B．where C．how

D．what 句意：今天我們從昨天我們停止的地方開始，以便我們不遺漏任何一點。where引導地點狀語從句。

B

五、目的、結果狀語從句

1．引導目的狀語從句的連詞有：so that，in order that，for fear(that)，in case，lest等。

Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day.A．ever since

B．even if C．soon after

D．in case in case引導目的狀語從句，意為“以防萬一”，符合題意。ever since引導時間狀語從句，意思是“自從”；even if引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“即使”。

D

五、目的、結果狀語從句

1．引導目的狀語從句的連詞有：so that，in order that，for fear(that)，in case，lest等。

Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day.A．ever since

B．even if C．soon after

D．in case in case引導目的狀語從句，意為“以防萬一”，符合題意。ever since引導時間狀語從句，意思是“自從”；even if引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“即使”。

D She had a tense expression on her face，________she was expecting trouble.A．even though

B．as though C．so that

D．now that 題意：她表情緊張，好像預料到麻煩要來。as if/though引導方式狀語從句，意為“好像”。而even though引導讓步狀語從句，意為“即使”。

B 高考秘笈

狀語從句的易錯點

________you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A．However a serious problem

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B．What a serious problem C．However serious a problem D．What serious a problem

C 該句意“無論你有多么嚴重的問題，你都應該鼓起勇氣面對挑戰(zhàn)”，由此可知，應由however引導讓步狀語從句，語序為“however＋形容詞＋a(n)＋單數名詞”。如果對however的詞性不明確，會導致誤選A項。

考查狀語從句的題目，應著重考慮以下幾點。

1．要根據前后句的邏輯關系判斷是哪一種狀語從句。2．注意when/while/as引導時間狀語從句時的異同。3．注意區(qū)別until和till的不同用法。

4．一些名詞短語和副詞以及一些固定句式都可以表示“一……就……”的意思。5．注意because/as/since/now that等引導原因狀語從句時異同。

6．although與though可以引導讓步狀語從句，不能與but連用，但可以與yet連用。7．no matter who/what/where/how等可引導讓步狀語從句，相當于whoever/whatever/wherever/however等。但whoever/whatever/ whichever還可引導名詞性從句。

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