第一篇:be動(dòng)詞的用法口決
be動(dòng)詞用法口決:
我用am,你用are(I am ,you are)Is連著他、她它(she is,he is,it is)單數(shù)名數(shù)用is.復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are.變疑問往前提,句后問號(hào)不忘記。(eg:Is he Da ming?)變否定更容易,be后not不忘記。(eg:He is not Da ming.)
名詞變復(fù)數(shù):
當(dāng)表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的可數(shù)名詞時(shí),名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。變化規(guī)則如下:
1、直接加“S”。(eg:book變復(fù)數(shù)為books)
2、以“s、x、ch、sh ”結(jié)尾加“es”(eg:bus 變復(fù)數(shù)為buses)
3、以“f、fe”結(jié)尾的變f、fe為“ves”.(eg:knife變復(fù)數(shù)為knives).4、以輔音加“y”結(jié)尾的變“y”為“i+es.”
5、不規(guī)則變化。
把帶有“can”的句子變成一般凝問句時(shí),“can”提前。eg:I can see a dog.(我能看見一只狗)| Can you see a dog?(你能看見一只狗嗎?)Yes ,I can.(是的,我能。)No ,I can’t.(不,我不能。)
There be 句型
There be句型表示某處有某物或某人,存在形式有兩種:
1、there is(有)
2、there are(有)
文中有“there is+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+范圍” There are+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+范圍
eg:
1、How mang pandas are there?(有多少只熊貓?)There are two.(有兩只。)
2、There is a panda in the zoo.(動(dòng)物園里有一只熊貓。)
have與has的用法:
have的單三形式是has;have got的單三形式是has got.當(dāng)主語是I you we they 或復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)用have/have got.當(dāng)主語是he she it或單數(shù)名詞時(shí)用has/has got.句中have got 表示“有”,變一般疑問句have提前。eg: I have got a banana.(我有一根香蕉。)Have you got a banana?(你有一根香蕉嗎?)句中has got表示“有”變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洹as提前。eg:She has got a tog.Has she got a tog? 給某人或某物:
1、give+人+物
2、give+物+to+人.eg: Give me a apple.(給我一個(gè)蘋果。)Give a banana to me.(給我一根香蕉。)
have got(有)eg:I have got a pen.(我有一只鋼筆。)Have you got a pen.(你有一只鋼筆嗎?)I have got a banana.(我有一根香蕉。)Have you got a banana?(你有一根香蕉嗎?)Yes ,I have.(是的,我有。)No,I haven’t.(不,我沒有。)
I am=I’m(我是)you are=you’re(你是/你們是)She is =she’s(她是)he is=he’s(他是)It is=it’s(它是)we are=we’re(我們是)They are=they’re(他/她/它們是)Where is=where’s(哪兒是)is not=isn’t(不是)am not沒有縮寫 are not=aren’t(不是)can not=can’t(不能)
形容詞物主代詞(my、your、his、her、its、our、their)人稱代詞主格(I、you、he、she、it、we、they)人稱代詞賓格(me、you、him、her、it、us、them)
can 能/會(huì)(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)
can否定形式can not=can’t(不能/不會(huì))用法:
1、can后+動(dòng)詞原形。
2、用“can”做句子時(shí)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
3、把帶有“can”的句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r(shí),“can”提前。Eg: I can swim.(我會(huì)游泳。)Can you swim?(你會(huì)游泳嗎?)Yes ,I can.(是的,我會(huì)。)No ,I can’t.(不,我不會(huì)。)
4、把帶有“can”的句子變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí),“can”后加“not”。可縮寫成“”can’t”。
Eg :I can sing.(我能唱歌。)變否定句
I can’t sing.(我不會(huì)唱歌。)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞ing+其它。Eg:I am playing football.(我正在踢足球。)Daming is reading a book.(大明正在讀書)She is drawing a dog.(她正在畫一只狗。)They are playing football.(他們正在踢足球。)I am skating.(我正在滑冰。)Don’t+動(dòng)詞原形 表示不要做——— Eg:Don’t talk.(不要說話。)
動(dòng)詞+ing 也就是動(dòng)詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞形式,變化規(guī)則如下:
1、直接加ing.2、去e 加ing.Eg:dance 去“e”(dancing)wrirte(writing)
3、以一個(gè)元音加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的雙寫輔音加ing.Eg:swim swimming.“l(fā)et”用法如下:
1、let sb /do sth(讓某人,做某事)注意:sb.等于somebody都是某人。
Sb.等于something|(某事或某物)
注意:這個(gè)句型中的某人可以是人名也可以是代詞賓格: Eg :let him do homeword.讓他做作業(yè)。
語音:
在英語中音素是記錄英語語音的最小單位,音素的書面形式就是音標(biāo)。音素48個(gè)。分為元音和輔音。
元音分為單元音和雙元音。單元音12個(gè)。
/i:/ ee/ea bee /bi:/ tea/ti:/ sea /si:/ pea /pi:/ /I/ i bit /bit/ miss/mis/ /i:/ ee/ea bee /bi:/ tea/ti:/ sea /si:/ pea /pi:/ /e/ e bed /bed/ desk/desk/ egg /eg/
Like(喜歡)的用法:
+不可數(shù)名詞.eg I like tea.名詞 +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。Eg I like lpples.+the +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。Eg I like the jacket.代詞賓格 Eg:I like them.動(dòng)詞ing Eg:I like svimming.動(dòng)詞
to+動(dòng)詞原形。Eg :I like to go fishing.Like的單三形式是likes.當(dāng)主語是I you we they或復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)用“l(fā)ike”表示喜歡。Eg :Tht children like.The boys like.當(dāng)主語是he she it 或單數(shù)名詞時(shí)用“l(fā)ikes”表示喜歡。
把帶有“l(fā)ike”的句子變成一般疑問句時(shí)借助于“Do”
注意:如果原句中的主語是“I”變成一般疑問句時(shí)改為“you”。Eg :I like dogs.(一般疑問句)Do you like dogs?(你喜歡狗嗎?)Yes ,I do.(是的,我喜歡。)No ,I don’t.(不,我不喜歡。)Eg :They like bananas.(他們喜歡香蕉。)
Do they like bananas?(他們喜歡香蕉嗎?)
句子中“l(fā)ikes”表示喜歡,變一般疑問句借助于“does” 注意:原句中“l(fā)ikes”還原為“l(fā)ike”。Eg :She likes milk.(她喜歡牛奶)。
Does she like milk?(她喜歡牛奶嗎?)Yes ,she does.No, she doesn’t.句子中“l(fā)ike”表示喜歡,變成否定句借助于“don’t” Eg :I like dogs.(我喜歡狗。)
I don’t like dogs.(我不喜歡狗。)| 句子中“l(fā)ikes”表示喜歡,變成否定句錯(cuò)助于“doesn’t”.注意:原句中“l(fā)ikes”還原為“l(fā)ike”。Eg :She likes milk.(她喜歡牛奶。)
She doesn’t like milk.(她不喜歡牛奶。)
元音 12個(gè)單元音 短元音7個(gè)
[i] [?] [?] [u] [?] [e] [?] 長元音5個(gè)
[i:] [?:] [?:] [u:] [ɑ:] 8個(gè)雙元音
[ei] [ai] [?i] [au] [?u] [i?] [??] [u?] 輔音 10對(duì) 清輔音
[p] [t] [k] [f] [θ] [s] [ts] [tr] [∫] [t∫] 濁輔音
[b] [d] [g] [v] [e] [z] [dz] [dr] [З] [dЗ] 3個(gè)鼻音 [m] [n] [?] 3個(gè)似拼音 [h] [l] [r] 2個(gè)半元音 [j] [w]
第二篇:動(dòng)詞慣用法
動(dòng)詞慣用法
使用動(dòng)詞時(shí),要遵循它們特定的句型,不能隨心所欲,我們這里僅討論測(cè)試中最常見的幾種句型。1.動(dòng)詞+不定式
誤:He managed getting that book. 正:to get 有些動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,而不能用動(dòng)名詞,常見的這類詞有:afford,agree,arrange,ask,attempt,appear,apply,beg,bother,challenge,choose,claim,command,care,deign,dare,decide,decline,demand,desire,determine,expect,essay,endeavour,fail,guaran-tee,get(對(duì)?逐漸),hope,help,hesitate,incline,intend,know,long(渴望),learn,mean,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,prepare,pledge,proceed,profess(聲稱),presume(竟敢),refuse,resolve,seek,swear,strive,scheme,seem,threaten,trouble,tend,undertake,volunteer,venture,vow,want,wish等。
a.He volunteered to get some information.
b.Allen applied to be transferred to another department.
know后的不定式必須是帶連接副詞或連接代詞的,如 how to,what to,who to,但不能接why to。
a.He knows how to drive a bus. b.I don't know why we should do it. 2.動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)名詞
誤:I advise to wait till 9. 正:waiting 英語中有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語,而不能用不定式,常見的有:admit,advise,acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,avoid,adore,appreciate,bar,cannot help,can't resist(禁不?。?,can't stand,complete,confirm,consider,contemplate,confess,defer,delay,deny,detect,detest,discourage,discontinue,dislike,doubt,enjoy,envisage,escape,evade,excuse,facilite,fancy,favour,feel like,finish,forbid,forgive,give up,grudge,hinder,hold off,involve,imagine,incur,keep(on),leave off,loathe,look like,mind,miss,mention,necessitate,prohibit,put off,postpone,practise,permit,prevent,quit,pardon,recall,recollect,remain,report,require,resent,recommand,resist,resume,risk,relish,shirk,stop,suggest,shun,save,urge,visualise等。
a.Who suggest doing it this way? b.The old worker has left off working. c.Nor do we doubt being able to finish the work on time. 3.動(dòng)詞+不定式/動(dòng)名詞
英語中有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)名詞。
(1)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)意義差別不大。a.He declined to go there. b.He declined going there. 有些動(dòng)詞在接動(dòng)名詞或不定式時(shí),意義差別不是很大,常見的這類動(dòng)詞有:begin,bear,cease,continue,commence,decline,delay,dread,deserve,endure,hate,intend,loathe,like,love,neglect,omit,propose,prefer,purpose,start,scorn等。
a.Don't neglect to lock/locking the door,when you leave. b.He omitted to read/reading the second page.
①如果start,begin,commence,cease等表示有意識(shí)地開始或停止的事情,多接動(dòng)名詞,否則多接不定式。
②如果like,love,hate,loathe表示一般傾向,后面多接動(dòng)名詞。如果指某一具體行為,則其后接不定式更多一些。如果love和like前有would或should,則其后只可接不定式。
誤:I'd like hearing others'views. 正:to hear ③要注意prefer后接動(dòng)名詞和不定式時(shí)的搭配。
a.They prefer walking to taking a bus. b.They prefer to walk rather than take a bus. ④decline,delay,dread后接動(dòng)名詞更常見一些。另外,bear意為“合適”時(shí),其后只可接動(dòng)名詞。
誤:His language won't bear to be repeated.
正:bear repeating(2)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)意義不一樣。
英語中有些動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)名詞,也可接不定式,但兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的意義不一樣。常用的這類動(dòng)詞有:mean,try,regret,stop,forget,remem-ber,need,wait等等。①mean a.I have meant to leave on Monday. 我打算周一離開。
b.Missing the train means waiting an hour.
趕不上那輛火車就意味著要等一小時(shí)。mean to do sth.意為“打算做??”;mean doing sth.意為“意味著”。②try a.You must try to improve your work. 你應(yīng)努力改進(jìn)工作。
b.Why not try doing the experiment in some other way?
為什么不試用別的方法做這實(shí)驗(yàn)? try to do sth.意為“設(shè)法做、努力做”,try doing sth.意為“試著?”。③regret a.I regret to say that we can't stay here any longer.
很抱歉我們不能再在這兒呆了。b.I regret making/having made such a mistake.
我后悔犯了這樣一個(gè)粗心的錯(cuò)誤。regret to do sth.意為“對(duì)?感到抱歉(事情沒有發(fā)生)”;regret do-ing sth.意為“對(duì)?感到后悔(事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生)”。④stop a.When I arrived,he stopped to talk with me.
當(dāng)我到達(dá)時(shí),他停下(手中的活)和我說話。
b.Stop talking!it's time for class.別說話,該上課了。
stop to do sth.意為“停下來(指別的事),開始做某事”; stop doing sth.意為“停止做某事。⑤forget a.Don't forget to bring your notebook next time.
下次別忘了帶筆記本。b.I will never forget finding the rare old coin in my garden.
我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記我曾在花園發(fā)現(xiàn)過一枚希罕的古錢幣。
forget to do sth.意為“忘記做某事(事情還沒有發(fā)生)”;I forget doing sth.意為“忘記做某事這一情況(指做的事已發(fā)生)”。⑥r(nóng)emember a.Please remember to post my leter.請(qǐng)記住給我發(fā)信。
b.I remember seeing/having seen him somewhere.
我記得曾經(jīng)看見過他。
remember to do sth.意為“記得做某事(事情還沒有發(fā)生)”; re-member doing sth.意為“記得做過某事(事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生)”。⑦need a.I need to get away and rest up a little.
我需要離開這兒,好好休息一下。b.The floor needs mopping/to be mopped.地板需要擦。
need to do sth.意為“必須做某事”; need doing sth.意為“需要”。⑧want a.I don't want to go there.我不想去那里。
b.Your English wants brushing up/to be brushed up.
你的英語需要復(fù)習(xí)一下。
want to do sth.意為“想做什么”; want doing sth.意為“需要做什么”。⑨go on doing,go on to do a.How long do you intend to go on paying those blooky records?
b.He welcomd the new stdents and then went on to explain the col-lege regulations.
c.For half an hour I went on reading Lesson Six.
d.At half past three I went on to read Lesson Six.
go on to do sth.表示“做完了某事,繼續(xù)做另一件事”; go on doing sth.意為“某事還沒有做完,繼續(xù)做該事”。go on to read Lesson Ten 即表示已續(xù)讀完了第九節(jié)課(或別的動(dòng)作),進(jìn)而讀第十課;而 go on reading Lesson Ten即表示第十課還沒有讀完,要繼續(xù)讀。一般go on to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常指一個(gè)時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作,而 go on doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)常指一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。go on with sth.短語,既可指一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作,也可指一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的動(dòng)作。a.After a little pause,he went on with his speech.
b.He went on with his speech for half an hour.
⑩begin,start,cease,a.After he had collected the material,he began writing.
b.After a week,he began to enjoy his study.
c.The buses ceased runing. d.He ceased to breathe.
在動(dòng)詞begin,start,cease之后,用動(dòng)名詞表示有意識(shí)的動(dòng)作,用不定式則表示無意識(shí)的無法控制的動(dòng)作。上述三個(gè)動(dòng)詞如果用understand,realize等動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí),不能用動(dòng)名詞形式,只能用不定式。我們只能說:He began to realize he had made a mistake.(11)hear,see,feel等感官動(dòng)詞 a.I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
我看見他昨天在花園里干活。
b.I saw him to work in the garden yesterday.
我見他昨天在花園里干過活
在感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch,notice等之后,既可用動(dòng)名詞作賓語,也可用不定式作賓語,用動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)我們的注意力是集中到動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的過程之中的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過程,而用不定式則把我們的注意力集中到動(dòng)作完成的事實(shí)。
a.We heard the girl singing in the hall.
b.We heard the girl to sing in the garden. a)stop后接不定式作目的狀語,不是賓語,另外halt和pause后接的不定式都是狀語,其后不可接動(dòng)名詞,因?yàn)樗鼈兪遣患拔飫?dòng)詞。如
a.She halted to speak to him.她停下來(以便)和他說話。
b.He paused to have a rest.他停下來(以便)休息一下。
b)人作主語時(shí),want和need后面常接主動(dòng)的不定式,很少用動(dòng)名詞。物作主語時(shí),其后既可接動(dòng)名詞,也可接不定式。c)在動(dòng)詞need,want,require,deserve,bear,stand等之后,常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
a.His coat needs cleaning/to be cleaned.
b.His house wants painiting/to be painted. c.The old woman requires looking after/to be looked after.
d)在形容詞afraid,certain,sure,sorry等之后,既可接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式,兩者含義不相同。
a.We are never afraid to do such things.
我們從不怕做這樣的事情。
b.We are afraid of being late.我們擔(dān)心(恐怕)遲到。
c.We are certain to be victorious.我們一定會(huì)勝利。4.動(dòng)詞+雙賓語
(1)有些動(dòng)詞接雙賓語,其間接賓語多數(shù)都可換為由介詞to引起的短語,意思上沒有什么差別,常見的有:allow,accord,award,assign,bring,deny,ensure,forbid,give,grant,hand,lend,leave,offer,owe,promise,pass,provide,quote,return,refuse,recommend,render,show,surrender,throw,teach,wish等。a.The government granted him a loan. The government granted a loan to him. b.They award John the first prize. They award the first prize to John. ask的間接賓語不可換為由to引起的短語,必須換為由of引起的短語。另外,write,send,tell,pay,read等的間接賓語也可換為由for引起的短語,但它同由to引起的短語意思不同。
a.I'd like to ask you a favour. b.I'd like to ask a favour of you. c.I wrote a letter to him.我給他寫了封信。
d.I wrote a letter for him.我代他寫了封信。(2)有些動(dòng)詞接雙賓語,其間接賓語可換為由for引起的短語,意思不變,常見的這類動(dòng)詞有:build,buy,cook,choose,draw,do(給予),fetch,fix,find,fill,set,make,order(定購),paint,prepare,spare,save,get,sing,pardon等。a.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
She cooked a delicious meal for her husband.
b.Please do me a favour. Please do a tovour for me. c.Let me fix you a drink. Let me fix a drink for you. d.Please fill me a glass of beer. Please fill a glass of beer for me. 5.動(dòng)詞+賓語 英語中有些動(dòng)詞只可接一個(gè)賓語。誤:He informed her his new address. 正:in formed her of 英語中有些動(dòng)詞常因其中文含義而被誤用,要注意其后介詞 1)acquaint 誤:The teacher did much to acquaint us the problem.
正:acquaint us with the problem acquaint是及物動(dòng)詞,意為“使認(rèn)識(shí)、使了解、通知”。acquaintoneself with/of(開始知道),acquaint sb.with/of/that?(把?通知某人),get acquainted with(開始認(rèn)識(shí)某人、開始了解某事),make sb.a(chǎn)cquainted with(把?告知某人、使某人認(rèn)識(shí)?)。
a.I acquaint myself with the fact. b.He acquainted me with the meeting. c.He acquainted me that the meeting was put off.(2)convince 誤:We failed to convince him his mistake.
正:convince him of convince是及物動(dòng)詞,意為“a.使確信、使信服; b.使認(rèn)識(shí)錯(cuò)誤或罪行”,常和介同of連用,或接that從句。
a.This convinced me of his honesty. b.This convinced me that he was honest.
c.He was convinced of his error.(3)explain 誤:The teacher explain us the reason. 正:explain the reason to us explain用作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“解釋、說明”,只可接一個(gè)賓語,如explain a difficult problem,explain the Party's policy。explain oneself意為“說明自己的意思或動(dòng)機(jī)、為自己的行為辯解”。a.Will you please explain this point to us?
b.He explained why he was late. c.Can you explain such conduct? d.That explains his hesitation.(4)favour 誤:Please favour me an early reply. 正:favour me with favour是及物動(dòng)詞,意為“a.賜與、給與;b.有利于、有助于;c.喜愛、贊成、偏愛”。by favour of/favoured by(煩請(qǐng)?面交),find favour with sb./in sb.'s eyes(得寵于某人、受某人青睞),in favour of(a.贊同、支持?:be in favour of sb.'s suggestion;b.有利于?:The score was 2 to 1 in favour of the guest team.c.簽票據(jù)以?為受款人:draw a cheque in favour of sb.)。in sb.'s favour(a.得某人歡心;b.對(duì)某人有利:The situation both at home and abroad is in our favour.),out of favour(with)(失寵于?、不受?的歡迎)。
a.Kindly favour us with an early reply.
b.We favour your proposal. c.The weather favoured the harvesting.
d.A mother should not favour any of her children.(5)inform 誤:I will inform you my answer. 正:inform you of inform是及物動(dòng)詞,意為“告訴、通知”。a.Did you inform them of the progress of the work?
b.I beg to inform you that the meeting will be held tomorrow.
c.I have to inform you that I have changed my mind.(6)inquire 誤:I inquired him the way to Chicago. 正:inquired him of inquire只可接一個(gè)賓語,意為“詢問”。inquire after sb.(問候某人),inquire after a sick comrade,inquire for(a.詢問:inquire for a new picture book;b.要見:inquire for the comrade in charge)。a.We inquired the way of a boy. b.He inquired(of me)how to proceed with the work.(7)introduce 誤:The chairman introduced the speaker the audience.
正:introduced the speaker to introduce只可接一個(gè)賓語,意為“介紹、引進(jìn)、引入”。
a.Marxism-Leninism was introduced into China at the beginning of this century.
b.Allow me to introduce John to you.(8)request 誤:I will request you this book. 正:request this book from you request是及物動(dòng)詞,意為“要求”,只可接一個(gè)賓語。request sth.from sb.,request sb.'s presence。a.Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
b.All I request of you is that you(should)be punctual.
c.We requested that they immediately make an investigation of the matter.(9)require 誤:Do you require me anything? 正:require anything of me require是及物動(dòng)詞,意為“需要、要求、命令”,只可接一個(gè)賓語,常和介詞of連用。
a.These young seedlings will require looking after carefully.
b.The emergency requires that it should be done.
c.I'll do all that the party and the people require of me.(10)relieve 誤:This relieved us part of our luggage.
正:relieved us of relieve是及物動(dòng)詞,只可接一個(gè)賓語,意為“減輕、解除”。
a.The injection can relieve pain. b.He was relieved of his post.(11)reward 誤:They rewarded her a prize 正:rewarded her with reward意為“報(bào)答、報(bào)償”,是及物動(dòng)詞,常和with連用,意為“以?報(bào)償某人”。a.We rewarded him with some money. b.His efforts were rewarded by success.(12)rob 誤:They robbed him his watch. 正:robbed him of rob意為“搶劫”,常和of連用。rob a man of his money,rob an orchard,rob sb.of his rights,如:The shock robbed him of speech.(13)supply 誤:The government supplies them clothing,food,andshelter. 正:supplies them with supply意為“供給、供應(yīng)”,常和介詞with連用:supply the market with new commodities,in short supply(供應(yīng)不足)。6.動(dòng)詞+名詞+賓語補(bǔ)足語(現(xiàn)在分詞)不是所有的動(dòng)詞都可以用分詞短語作它的賓語補(bǔ)足語的,這種結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)于動(dòng)詞的要求很嚴(yán)格。只有在下列情況下,才能用分詞(或分詞短語)作其賓語的補(bǔ)足語。(1)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞為表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)時(shí),有see,hear,feel,watch,notice,smell,find,think,look at,observe,listen to等。
a.I saw a small girl standing in the goldfish pond.
b.He felt his eyes dazzled by the bright light.
c.I found him drinking my whisky.(2)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞make,get,have,keep,leave等表示“致使、使得”含義時(shí)。a.I have my hair cut every ten days. b.She's going to have her clothes dyed.
c.Don't leave her waitng outside in the rain.
(3)在have+賓語+過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中,have有三種不同的含義。a.We had the problem solved.(had作“致使、使得”講,表示一種有意的行為。)
b.I have not any money left.(have作“有”解。)
c.She had her arm broken in an accident.
(had作“遭受”解,表示無意行為。)(4)當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞為like,want,wish,order等表示希望、要求、命令等意義時(shí)。a.He wanted his eggs fried. b.He won't like such questions discussed at the meeting.
c.The commander orderd the army unit reorganized.
(5)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞start作“引起(讓)?作某事”,set意為“使(引起)?做某事”,send作“使得(引起)?做某事”,catch作“碰上(撞上)?做某事”,stop,prevent意為“阻止?做某事”,excuse意為“原諒?做某事”,want意為“想?做某事”,discover意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)?做某事”,bring意為“使?做某事”,show意為“顯示?做某事”解時(shí)。a.The smoke started her coughing. b.His question set me thinking. c.The explosion sent things flying in all directions.
d.The farmer caught the boys stealing his apples.
e.Oh,mother,do go out and stop father making a scene in the rain.
f.They nailed a piece of wood over the broken window pane to pre-vent the rain coming in.
g.Excuse me not having answered your letter. h.We don't want you getting into trouble.
i.He stopped to watch us working. j.We discovered them sitting round a fire chatting.
k.A phone call brought him hurrying to Leeds.
l.The photograph shows the baby laughing.
第三篇:be動(dòng)詞用法及相關(guān)練習(xí)題
Be動(dòng)詞的用法:
現(xiàn)在時(shí) I am, you are, he is, we are, you are, they are(縮略式 I'm, you're, he's, we're, you're, they're),(否定縮略式 I'm not, isn't, aren't), 過去時(shí) I was, you were, he was, we were, you were, they were(過去時(shí)否定縮略式 wasn't, weren't), 過去分詞 been, 現(xiàn)在分詞 being
1)be +現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),例如:
They are having a meeting.他們正在開會(huì)。
2)be + 過去分詞,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài),例如:
The window was broken by Tom..窗戶是湯姆打碎的。
3)be + 動(dòng)詞不定式,可表示下列內(nèi)容:
a.表示最近、未來的計(jì)劃或安排,例如:
He is to go to New York next week..他下周要去紐約。
說明: 這種用法也可以說成是一種將來時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)法。
b.表示命令,例如:
You are to explain this.對(duì)此你要做出解釋。
c.征求意見,例如:
How am I to answer him? 我該怎樣答復(fù)他?
d.表示相約、商定,例如:
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我們明天早晨7點(diǎn)在校門口集合。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):
構(gòu)成:主語+be+動(dòng)詞ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式
第一人稱+am+v-ing
第二人稱+are+v-ing
第三人稱+is+v-ing
定義:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一般時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
可以表示有計(jì)劃的未來。也是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法:
a.表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。
We are waiting for you.b.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行:表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作,說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。
Mr.Green is writing another novel.(說話時(shí)并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)
She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.c.已經(jīng)確定或安排好的將來活動(dòng)
I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已經(jīng)安排了)
we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已經(jīng)拿到了)
d.有些動(dòng)詞(狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))
1.表示知道或了解的動(dòng)詞:believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know, remember,realize,suppose,understand
2.表示“看起來”“看上去“appear,resemble,seem
3表示喜愛或不喜愛hate,like.lover.prefer
4表示構(gòu)成或來源的動(dòng)詞 be come from.contain,include
5表示感官的動(dòng)詞 hear see smell sound taste
6表示擁有的動(dòng)詞belong to.need.own.possess.want wish
【No.1】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由”be+v-ing"構(gòu)成。be應(yīng)為助動(dòng)詞,初學(xué)者最容易漏掉,它應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。
【No.2】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用
在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用以下幾種情況:
(1)當(dāng)句子中有now時(shí),常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
They are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。
(2)以look, listen開頭的句子,提示我們動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
Listen!She is singing an English song.聽,她正在唱英語歌。
(3)表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,且此時(shí)有this week, these days等時(shí)間狀語,這時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
We are making model planes these days.這些天我們?cè)谧鲲w機(jī)模型。
(4)描述圖片中的人物的動(dòng)作,也為了表達(dá)更生動(dòng)。此時(shí)也常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
Look at the picture.The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖,那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏。
【No.3】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的變化
肯定句式:主語+be(am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.否定句式:主語+be(am, is, are)+not +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.一般疑問句:Be(am, is, are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它?
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+be(am, is, are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它?
對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答。
c.表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red.It's getting warmer and warmer.d.與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。
You are always changing your mind.典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.A.has lost, don't find B.is missing, don't find C.has lost, haven't found D.is missing, haven't found.答案D.前句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài),應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí),由于沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應(yīng)用完成時(shí),瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定式時(shí)可用于完成時(shí)。
e:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可以用來表示贊嘆或厭煩的感情.例如:
He is always causing trouble.他總是惹麻煩.=====================================
The Present Continuous Tense 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)最容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的地方在動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候要特別注意不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化形式。
例如:
taking,taking是take的ing形式,以e結(jié)尾要去e加ing;
swimming,beginning,putting,要雙寫最后一個(gè)字母,之后加ing;
buying,playing,teaching,等大部分單詞直接加ing.有一些特殊變化(或者說以Ie為結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞)的現(xiàn)在分詞〔有3個(gè)〕,:lying—lie, dying ―die tying―tie 這些以ie結(jié)尾要去e再把I變y再加ing.
1.The Present Continuous Tense 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)最容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的地方在動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候要特別注意不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化形式。
3.例如:
4.swimming,beginning,putting,taking,buying。
has和have的用法
has和have都表示有,但用法不同。
has用在第三人稱單數(shù)形式(能轉(zhuǎn)換成it的人稱形式)中;have用在第一人稱和第二人稱中;如果一個(gè)句子中有does(或did)的話,has變?yōu)閔ave,does就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)還原器。
例句:
has:He has a bag.他有一個(gè)書包。
have:I have a pen.我有一知鋼筆。
Do you have a book?你有一本書嗎?
關(guān)于does的:Does he have a notebook?他有一個(gè)筆記本嗎?
She doesn't have a computer.她沒有一個(gè)電腦。
練習(xí)題
(Be動(dòng)詞)
一、在下面的短文中填上恰當(dāng)be動(dòng)詞。
I ______ a girl.My name _______ Mary.I ______ in Class 2, Grade 7.I ______ 12 years old.Here ______ my family photo.Look!These ______ my parents and those _______ my grandparents.This boy ______ my brother.He ________ 15 years old now.That ______ my cat, Mimi.It ______ very lovely.二、在下面的題目中填上恰當(dāng)?shù)腂e動(dòng)詞。(注意Be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài))1.I ________from Australia.2.She _______ a student.3.Jane and Tom _________my friends.4.My parents _______very busy every day.5._______ there a Chinese school in New York? 6.There _____ some glasses on it.7.There ________many monkeys in the mountain.8.There_________ a beautiful garden in our school.9.I _______ at school just now.10.He ________ at the camp last week.11.We ________ students two years ago.12.They ________ on the farm a moment ago.13.Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.14.There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.15.There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.16.The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.17.There _________some water in the glass.18.There __________ some bread on the table.19.Where ________ your friends yesterday? 20.How old __________ you last year? 21.Which dog ________ yours? 22.Ten and two ________ twelve.、。
一、用am, is, are 填空 1)I _____ a student.2)You ____ a doctor.3)____she from Jinan?
4)_____you American? 5)He _____ in Class 4, Grade 1.6)It_____ a car.7)They ____ cars
8)____ your mother in China? 9)_____your friends in New York? 10)What ____her name?
11)These _____ buses.12)Those _____oranges.13)Where _____ her mother? 14)How old _____your teacher? 15)What class _____ you in? 1.I ______ a boy.______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.2.The girl______ Jack’s sister.3.The dog _______ tall and fat.4.The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5.______ your brother in the classroom?
6.Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.7.How _______ your father?
8.Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.9.Whose dress ______ this? 10.Whose socks ______ they? 11.That ______ my red skirt.12.Who ______ I?
13.The jeans ______ on the desk.14.Here ______ a scarf for you.15.Here ______ some sweaters for you.16.The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.17.This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling....
第四篇:be動(dòng)詞用法練習(xí)題
be動(dòng)詞用法練習(xí)題(1)1.選擇正確的be動(dòng)詞填空。
(1)I _____ a student.(2)We _____ friends.(3)He _____ a good boy.(4)She ______ is my sister.(5)They _____ playing football.(6)You ______ my friend.2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)練習(xí):
1)I ______ a boy.______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.2)The girl______ Jack's sister.3)______ your brother in the classroom?
4)Who ______ I?
5)The jeans ______ on the desk.6)My sister's name ______Nancy.7)There ______ a girl in the room.8)There ______ some apples on the tree.9)There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.3.句型轉(zhuǎn)換:
1.I
am
a
teacher.(轉(zhuǎn)換成為一般疑問句并回答)
2.They
are
reading a book..(轉(zhuǎn)換成為一般疑問句并回答)
3.He is playing computer games.(轉(zhuǎn)換成為一般疑問句并回答)
4.We are having an English class.(轉(zhuǎn)換成為一般疑問句并回答)
5.She is dancing.(轉(zhuǎn)換成為一般疑問句并回答)
be動(dòng)詞用法練習(xí)題(2)1.選擇正確的be動(dòng)詞填空。
1)I ______a doctor.2)My father_____a policeman.3)We______having breakfast.4)Mike ______ from Canada.5)Her sister ______a nurse.6)They ______ my classmates.7)He ______ my brother.8)She ______ a dancer.9)I______a student.10)His mother______a
housewife.2.句型轉(zhuǎn)換:
1)將下列各句轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句。
(1)I
am drawing
a picture.(2)They
are playing football.(3)His father
is a
teacher.(4)We are having a music class.(5)She is a singer.2)將下列各句轉(zhuǎn)換成為一般疑問句并回答。(1)They
are
reading books.(2)I am a good student.(3)He is
a
policeman.(4)His brother is a postman.(5)We
are
playing snowball-fighting.
第五篇:書法口決
一、初學(xué)書法口訣歌
漢字線條表,結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律找
方正是原形,奇險(xiǎn)求平正
初學(xué)要牢記,選帖為開始
字帖千萬冊(cè),流派只分三
一派鐘繇書,風(fēng)格成古樸
一派右軍書,多姿稱為秀
一派小王書,清麗如荷出
三派難分右,各自有千秋
歷代書家出,得一垂今古
選帖事雖小,可定學(xué)書向
選我鐘愛帖,如情定終生
初選不急寫,從頭至尾閱
讀帖有方式,筆畫記清晰
同類找細(xì)別,感悟有心得
此時(shí)下筆練,事半功又倍
首先練筆畫,對(duì)貼分毫差
始求形相同,慢慢悟神功
點(diǎn)如空墜石,力量有千鈞
橫如天邊云,來勢(shì)更兇猛
撇如斷象牙,亦是松生崖
捺如武士刀,霍霍斬豺狼
折為士曲臂,內(nèi)中含剛力
上述要心領(lǐng),下筆才神會(huì)
此時(shí)可練字,學(xué)書剛開始
不求寫全帖,可選代表字
入室求心定,朝夕要認(rèn)真
見異思遷忌,專心持之恒
待到寫它字,形神出心間
與帖不相右,功到自然成 此期看秉賦,長短不可論
此為一階段,功夫要下深
追求神品界,須待后階段
二、楷書書法口訣一
漢字楷模是真書,端莊美觀價(jià)值高。
形體方正有魅力,結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)多精巧。
筆畫規(guī)范講變化,陰陽筆法結(jié)合好。
起收有序要利索,筆筆分明忌潦草。
楷書稱正楷 起筆多藏鋒
學(xué)書必先行 行筆用中鋒
筆畫形態(tài)穩(wěn) 回鋒要自然
字字得端正
結(jié)構(gòu)搭配勻
章法要講究
筆筆得到位
清朗必整齊 結(jié)構(gòu)講造型 多臨古人帖 用筆講技巧 楷書要寫好 重在用腕上
三、行書書法口訣
行楷書寫要流暢 主筆沉著是關(guān)鍵
快寫簡(jiǎn)化是特征 連筆輕細(xì)不可粗
伸縮性大變體多 用筆最好是長鋒
執(zhí)筆用筆如草書 使墨必須調(diào)濕潤
執(zhí)筆必須懸起肘 全篇排頭是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
靈活多變才自如
一氣呵成要貫通
行書字體最多姿
用筆八法需記清
橫平豎直重心穩(wěn)
疏密勻稱結(jié)構(gòu)精
點(diǎn)畫呼應(yīng)貴活潑
穿插揖讓要有情
項(xiàng)背分明多變化
運(yùn)筆輕盈忌僵硬
四、草書要決
狂草如激電湍流
點(diǎn)線變化多姿美
氣勢(shì)磅礴態(tài)萬千
草書行行如春蚓
全章一起要貫通
五、魏體口訣
魏碑書體真美觀
剛?cè)岵?jì)楷隸兼
筆畫穩(wěn)健多雍容
結(jié)字奇?zhèn)ヒ凶?/p>
入筆收筆應(yīng)遒勁
捺畫壓筆最關(guān)鍵
隸意楷法掌握好
雄渾質(zhì)樸貴自然
魄力雄強(qiáng) 精神飛動(dòng)
氣象渾穆 興趣酣足
筆法跳躍 骨血潤達(dá)
點(diǎn)畫峻厚 結(jié)構(gòu)天成 意態(tài)飄逸 血肉豐美 字字如驚蛇出洞 疏密虛實(shí)心有數(shù) 結(jié)構(gòu)布白心暢意 字字造型似秋蛇 有氣有神是精品
六、仿宋口訣
仿宋書體字宜長
整齊列隊(duì)排成行 字字間隔要均勻
端正清秀有力量 撇如尖刀豎似柱
勾要堅(jiān)挺捺要棒 入筆收筆顯棱角
形神兼?zhèn)滟F陽剛
七、隸書書法口訣
方勁古拙 如龜如鱉
蠶頭雁尾 筆必三折
雁不雙飛 蠶無二色
點(diǎn)畫俯仰 左挑右磔
重濁輕清斬釘截鐵
漢隸無師可自通 首先學(xué)會(huì)用中鋒
蠶頭雁尾筆畫美 內(nèi)緊外松結(jié)構(gòu)精
雁不雙飛須注意 蠶無二設(shè)要記清
距寬行窄字宜扁
筆要圓粗墨要濃
八、章草草訣歌(釋文)
稿訣最為難,使轉(zhuǎn)在豪端。心領(lǐng)乃手得,氣足更形完。分布先平正,迅速愈安詳。窮原創(chuàng)西漢,史游急就章。粗書解隸體,俾效廣凡將。乙未徵舉得,止戈獲武揚(yáng)。晉魏善書者,靡不珍而藏??在w宋后,草法始日亡。目未寓章草,落筆多荒唐。務(wù)須通古義,假借不相妨。羲獻(xiàn)固作故,以比費(fèi)思量。竹讓艸為簡(jiǎn),矣熹厶倒顛。才可代纔用,如當(dāng)即女延。行行復(fù)去去,夫夫又天天。一字或數(shù)寫,雅馴擇當(dāng)先。泥古不能化,亦難臻好娟。謾夸茲生富,謹(jǐn)防俗偽姍。六手流為稟,七紅濫謂袁。奉強(qiáng)十朱擬,言空三口宣。無名遽割裂,謬種盛播傳??沯ú鄉(xiāng)證檢要,漆德補(bǔ)脫刪。試校漆與德,轉(zhuǎn)覺后勝前。美術(shù)兼適用,小道必可觀。有點(diǎn)方為氵,無挑不是言。亻彳具作丨,莫非取便焉。有時(shí)都不取,訓(xùn)似豹窺斑。車車車車車,寧出一車旁。孑糹牙耳身,馬奚月徵茫。常??s其丨,密密揭其宀。冖蓋闕左畔,辶繞略右邊。
心(忝-天)鑒恭慕,貝火悟貞員。稱攝豈屬倚,某棗異來旋。瞻反目詹后,啖本口敢先。頭改千里差,道遵一縷牽。展殿卒率副,湯蕩盧廬添。市翁平乎帛,激溫濕縣懸。從徙徒服報(bào),佇佗他皇全。弟夷遺遣盡,歲幾荷柰前。慰賦詎聽訛,朔邦遂許參。(馬+取)纏驟纏截,承泰承泰連。帝虎兼制判,廊廟暨綠緣。首曾差哀衾,尾斯欺損捐。麗麓頭歷歷,備滿腹便便。御羞隨卿轉(zhuǎn),鑿想引愛聯(lián)。寧寂皆公識(shí),州妙諸法看。騅雞與牲抵,熙照又塞寒。父象又執(zhí)樸,母視女懷丹。東比柬還瘦,辱較府稍偏。殆孤迥兩樣,矛柔非一般。即腳純異恐,醫(yī)首爭(zhēng)似堅(jiān)。
勿尸廠過計(jì),唯頁欠最危。阝貝問誰信,臣疏(偏旁)動(dòng)我疑。路縱足混疏(偏旁),懷切褱忌隹。阝郎礙月朗,扌拖橫方施。月阝由章定,方扌酌今宜。幸才每致擾,矢失尤易歧。家守客官宙,剋戲彪彭題。鹽監(jiān)盜猶豫,輿興奧迥遲。蕭鼠崔雀判,寅賓(搖-扌)詹殊。乙又交相與,飛非聯(lián)翩飛。神求得乎乏,貌取失之辭。慶乃省鹿(愛-上頭),襲爰接龍衣。尉財(cái)收不偶,烏鳥起先奇。曰連方成曼,半綴心是悉。容空抑揚(yáng)險(xiǎn),帶耑斷制曲。慮異逼翻近,臨休給妄窺。研究高齊馬,剖晰兕既兒。射肘討仿佛,芾萬箋依稀。睿虞違迷悉,黹鼠樹掛枝。變別亠使變,絲殊子糹絲。愿稟凡及氏,雜志雍合離。栽裁勘衣木,榖轂驗(yàn)禾車。至至至致順,侯侯侯候推。當(dāng)尚腹中測(cè),友發(fā)頂上知。含舍貪隱顯,退邑過疾徐,罔令劉若對(duì),奚訝缶似垂。
九、草訣百韻歌
明韓道亨(1075字)
草圣最為難,龍蛇竟筆端。毫厘雖欲辨,體勢(shì)更須完。有點(diǎn)方為水,空挑卻是言。
宀(mian陰平)頭無左畔,之趬缺東邊。長短分知去,微茫視每安。步觀牛引足,羞見羊踏田。六手宜為稟,七紅即是袁。十朱知奉己,三口代言宣。左阜貝丁反,右刀寸點(diǎn)彎。曾差頭不異,歸浸體同觀。孤殆通相似,矛柔總一般。采夆身近取,熙照眼前看。思惠魚如畫,禾乎手似年。既防吉作古,更慎達(dá)為連。寧乃繁于叔,侯兮不減詹。稱攝將屬倚,某棗借來旋。慰賦真難別,朔邦豈易參。
常收無用直,密上不須宀(mian陰平)。才畔詳箋牒,水元看永泉。柬同東且異,府象辱還偏。才傍干成卉,勾盤柬作闌。鄉(xiāng)卿隨口得,愛鑿與奎全。玉出頭為武,干銜點(diǎn)是丹。蹄號(hào)應(yīng)有法,云虐豈無傳。盜意腳同適,熊弦身似然。矣其頭少變,兵共足雙聯(lián)。莫寫包庸守,勿書綠是緣。謾將繩當(dāng)臘,休認(rèn)寡為寬。即腳猶如恐,還身附近遷。寒容審有象,憲害寘相牽。滿外仍知備,醫(yī)初尚類堅(jiān)。直須明謹(jǐn)解,亦合別荊前。顙向戈牛始,雞須下子先。撇之非是乏,勾木可成村。蕭鼠頭先辨,寅賓腹里推。之加心上惡,兆戴免頭龜。點(diǎn)至堪成急,勾干認(rèn)是卑。壽宜圭與可,齒記止加司。右邑月何異,左方才亦為。舉身為乙未,登體用北之。路左言如借,時(shí)邊寸莫違。草勾添反慶,乙九貼人飛。惟末分憂夏,就中識(shí)弟夷。齋齊曾不較,流染卻相依?;蚪涓晗仍O(shè),皋華腳預(yù)施。睿虞元仿佛,拒捉自依稀。頂上哀衾別,胸中器谷非。止知民倚氏,不道樹多枝。慮逼都來近,論臨勿妄窺。起旁合用短,遣上也同迷。欲識(shí)高齊馬,須知兕既兒。寺專無失錯(cuò),巢筆在思維。丈畔微彎使,孫邊不緒絲。莫教凡作愿,勿使雍為離。醉碎方行處,麗琴初起時(shí)。栽裁當(dāng)自記,友發(fā)更須知。忽訝劉如對(duì),從來缶似垂。含貪真不偶,退邑尚參差。減滅何曾誤,黨堂未易追。女懷丹是母,叟棄點(diǎn)成皮。若謂涉同淺,須教賤作師。黿鼉鼂一類,茶菊榮更親。非作渾如化,功勞總?cè)羯?。示衣尤可惑,奄宅建相鄰。道器吳難測(cè),竟充克有倫。市于增一點(diǎn),倉欲可同人。數(shù)叚情何密,曰甘勢(shì)則勻。固雖防夢(mèng)簡(jiǎn),自合定浮淳。添一車牛幸,點(diǎn)三上下心。叅參曾不別,閧巽豈曾分。奪舊元無異,嬴羸自有因。勢(shì)頭宗掣絜,章體效平辛。合戒哉依歲,寧容拳近秦。邪聽行復(fù)止,即斷屈仍伸。田月土成野,七九了收聲。最迫艱難嘆,尤疑事予爭(zhēng)。葛尊草上得,廊廟月邊生。里力斯成曼,圭心可是舂。出書觀項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn),別列看頭平。我家曾不遠(yuǎn),君畏自相仍。甚乂犬傍獲,么交玉伴瓊。膝滕中委曲,次比兩分明。二下客為亂,宀藏了則寧。而由問上點(diǎn),早得幸頭門。恥死休相犯,貌朝喜共臨。鹿頭真戴草,狐足乃疑心。勿使微成漸,奚容悶即昆。作南觀兩甫,求鼎見棘林。休助一居下,棄奔七尚尊。隸頭真似系,帛下即如禽。溝渫皆從戈,帋箋并用巾。懼懷容易失,會(huì)念等閑并。近息追微異,喬商矞不群。欵頻終別白,所取豈容昏。戚感威相等,馭敦殷可親。臺(tái)名依召立,敝類逐嚴(yán)分。鄒歇歌難見,成幾賊易聞。傅傳相競(jìng)點(diǎn),留辯首從心。昌曲終如魯,食良末若吞。改頭聊近體,曹甚不同根。舊說唐同雁,嘗思孝似存。掃搊休得混,彭赴可相侵。世老偏多少,謝衡正淺深。酒花分水草,技放別支文??蓯劢监徆?,偏宜諶友湛。習(xí)觀羲獻(xiàn)跡,免使墨池渾。
萬歷癸丑秋八月二十五日韓道亨書