最新整理版新視野大學英語I 教案 (第三版)（5篇）

第一篇：最新整理版新視野大學英語I 教案 (第三版)

教師教案

（2017—2018 學年第1學期）

課程名稱：任課教師：所在分院（部）：

大學外語

Unit 1, Book One

Section A: Toward a brighter future for all Teaching Objectives: To know the meaning and usage of some important words, phrases and patterns To study Passage A and understand the main idea of the text

To understand the structure of the text and the devices for developing it To talk about college education

Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities

Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Let them talk to each other about the following questions: 1.What is the ideal university like in your eyes? 2.What are your expectations of your college life? 3.What advice did your parents give you before you left for college? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1(para.1-3)Opening part of the welcome speech Part 2(para.4-7)Making the best of what you have.Challenging yourself.Facing new experiences.Opportunities and responsibilities.Part 3(Para.8)Concluding remarks of the welcome speech.Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical

response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

Purpose: Train the Students’ ability of understanding and using foreign language.Method: Talk in groups, Use task-based language teaching method, communicative approach and total physical response method.1.(Para.1)pledge to do sth.作保證，承諾

China and the United states pledge to boost cooperation and exchange to ensure a better future for China-US ties.中美政府承諾將加強合作與交流以確保兩國關系的未來更加美好。2.(Para.2)remind sb.of sb./sth.1)make sb.remember sb.that they know or sth.that happened in the past.使某人想起某人某事

The song always reminds me of our holiday in Mexico.那首歌總讓我想起我們在墨西哥的那次假期。

2）be very similar to sb.or sth.else 是某人想起（相似的）人或事 Nancy was tall and slim, and reminded me of my cousin Sarah.3.(Para.2)reminder: n.[C] sth.that makes you notice, remember, or think about sth.起提醒作用的東西

The cold served as a reminder that winter wasn’t quite finished.寒冷的天氣提醒人們冬天還沒有過去。

4.(Para.3)attain： vt.（fml.）succeed in achieving sth.after trying for a long time.得到；獲得；贏得

Not all athletes attain this standard of physical fitness.并非所有的運動員都能達到這種身體素質水平。

5.(Para.3)foundation：n.[ C] the most basic part of sth.from which the rest of it develops 基礎

The course gives students a solid foundation in English writing skills.這門課為學生的英語寫作能力打下了堅實的基礎。

6.(Para.4)facility： n.(~ies)[pl.] rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose（為某種目的而提供的）設施，設備

The hotel has an indoor swimming pool and other leisure facilities.這家賓館有室內游泳池和其他休閑設施。

7.(Para.4)fascinating：a.making you very interested attracted 吸引人的；迷人的；使人神魂顛倒的

He is such a great writer that his stories are always fascinating.他是個了不起的作家，他寫的故事總是引人入勝。8.(Para.4)make the most of充分利用

This article introduces 7 tips for making the most of your iPhone5S.這篇文章向你介紹iPhone5S手機的7個使用小竅門。9.(Para.4)reap the benefits 受益，得享好處

Keep on reading extensively, and you will reap the benefits sooner or later.繼續(xù)廣泛閱讀，你會受益的。

10.(Para.5)feel overwhelmed by.不知所措

Nowadays, many young people feel overwhelmed by the fierce competition in the job market.現(xiàn)如今，激烈的競爭讓許多年輕人不知所措。

11.(Para.5)assume: vt.Think that sth.is true, although you do not have definite proof 假定；假設；認為

I assume that every college student has access to the Internet.我以為每個大學生都可以使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。12.(Para.5)stand a chance of 有機會，有希望

Animals stand little chance of survival under such extreme weather.在這種極端天氣下動物很難存活。

13.(Para.5)unsuspected: a.existing without your knowledge 未知的；未被想到的 14.take pleasure in doing sth.樂于做某事

He always takes great pleasure in lending a helping hand to people around him.他總是樂于向周圍的人伸出援助之手。

15.open the door to sth.打開方便之門

These useful suggestions open the door to better communication with your parents.這些實用的建議為你更好地與父母交流敞開方便之門。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers.(Para.1)Meaning: Your entering this university is an important success.This success is due to many years of your hard work, and many years of your parents’ and teachers’ hard work.2.In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me.(Para.2)Meaning: When I am welcoming you to this university, something I remember is my own high school graduation and the photo my mom took of my dad and me.3.But know this：The future is built on a strong foundation of the past.(Para.3)Meaning: But you should know that your future success can only be attained when it is built on a solid past.4.For you, these next four years will be a time unlike any other.(Para.4)Meaning: For you, the next four years in university will be different from any other period of time in your life.5.You may feel overwhelmed by the wealth of courses available to you.(Para.5)Meaning: When facing the large number of courses that you can take at college, you may not know how to choose.6.You will not be able to experience them all, but sample them widely!(Para.5)Meaning: You will not be able to take all the courses, but try as many different courses as possible to see what they are like.7.So, with a glow in your eye and a song in your heart, step forward to meet these new experiences!(Para.6)

Meaning: Therefore, with the excitement and enthusiasm that I know you must have in your heart, I encourage you to go forward from here and face this new part of your life!8.A wise man said: “Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one generation to another.”(Para.7)

Meaning: A wise man said that education is truly the spirit and heart of a society because it passes from generation to generation.9.Now it is your turn.(Para.7)Meaning: Now it is time for you to acquire knowledge and pass it on.10.We take great pleasure in opening the door to this great step in your journey.We take delight in the many opportunities which you will find, and in the responsibilities that you will carry as citizens of your communities, your country, and the world.(Para.8)Meaning: We are very happy to open the door to this next great step in your journey.We are delighted that you will find many different opportunities and many responsibilities, which you will shoulder as citizens of your communities, your country, and the world.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：.As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university.作為校長，我非常自豪地歡迎你們來到這所大學。

As …, sb.is proud /happy/ sorry /sad… to do sth.用于表達“某人在特定身份下做某事的感受”。

應用：作為一名來自災區(qū)的學生代表，我非常感激社會各界對我們的關愛與幫助！

As a student representative from the disaster-hit area, I’m very grateful to the people of all walks of life for their care and help!2.In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me.在歡迎你們到來的這一刻，我想起自己高中畢業(yè)時的情景，還有媽媽為我和爸爸拍的合影。

In doing sth, sb.is reminded of sth.用于表達“某事引起的回憶”。

應用：第一次給這么多人做演講時，我想起我的英語老師給我的鼓勵和建議。In making my speech in front of a large audience, I’m reminded of the encouragement and advice from my English teacher.3.If I could give you only one piece of advice about selecting courses, it would be this: Challenge yourself!如果我只能給你們一條選課建議的話，那就是：挑戰(zhàn)自己！

If sb.could give sb.else only one piece of advice about…, it would be this: Do sth.!用于表達“某人認定的最為重要的建議”。

應用：如果讓我給你一條如何應對大學挑戰(zhàn)的建議，那就是：相信自己！If I could give you only one piece of advice about how to cope with the college challenges, it would be this: Believe in yourself!

4.A wonderful example of this is the fashion designer, Vera Wang, who originally studied art history.A wonderful example of this is sb.who…/ sth.that…用于列舉“最典型的事例”。

應用：有些人沒有大學文憑也獲得了成功。一個絕佳的例子就是微軟公司創(chuàng)始人比爾?蓋茨，他在大三時就從哈佛退學了。

Some people achieved great success even though they did not have college diplomas.A wonderful example of this is the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, who dropped out of Harvard in his junior year.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.Do you think a university education can change a person’s life? In what way and why?

2.How do you think of those successful people such as Bill Gates who dropped out of university? 3.What are you going to do at university in order to sample widely and

challenge yourself? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Writing Topic: Suppose, as an freshman, you are expected to give a speech to your teachers and classmate.You can follow the outline given below.Part I Opening part of the speech

1.Your gratitude to your teachers and parents;2.Your feelings and impressions about the university;3.Your expectation of the future.Part II Your understanding of the university 1.School motto and your interpretation;2.Campus facility, e.g.the library, and learning atmosphere;3.Courses and other social activities;4.Teachers and classmates.Part III Conclusion 1.Opportunities and challenges;2.Your plans and determination for the future.Unit 2, Book One

Section A: Loving parents, loving children Teaching Objectives: To talk about the love between the parents and children To understand the love between the mother and the daughter in the text To apply the phrases and patterns To write an essay creatively based on the understanding of the text

Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities

Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Let them have a survey Survey: How close are you and your parents? Check(√)the statements which are true for you.? I have been missing my parents a lot since I left for college.?

I often chat with my parents.?

I like sharing my joys and sorrows with my parents.?

I always remember my parents’ birthdays.?

I know about my parents’ hobbies.?

My parents allow me to make my own decisions.Ask a question: To what extent are you close to your parents? be like friends;never keep secret from them;ask them for advice;give me directions about life … Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1(para.1-4)Opening part of the welcome speechGeneral situation & my responses.Part 2(para.5-12)The mess left in my daughter’s bathroom and my responses.Part 3(Para.13-22)Concluding part: The changes of my attitude.Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

With blood pouring from his leg, he made it to a nearby house.他腿上流著血，支撐著走到附近的一所房子。2.(Para.1)(be)free of/from 免于??

Ironically, almost all manufacturers claim that their drinks are free of artificial colorings.具有諷刺意味的是，幾乎所有的生產商都聲稱他們的飲料不含人工色素。3.(Para.5)embarrassment: n.1)[C] sb.or sth.that causes problems or makes you feel ashamed 讓人難堪的人；使人為難的事

He is such an embarrassment to his family.他讓她的家人感到非常難堪。2）[U] a feeling of being nervous or shamed because of what people know or think about you 尷尬；難堪；窘迫

To her terrible embarrassment, there were many people around when one of her high heels broke off.她一只高跟鞋的鞋跟斷了，當時周圍有許多人，這讓她很尷尬。4.(Para.5)mismatched: a.not matched or not suitably matched 不配對的I wonder why my younger sister loves wearing mismatched socks.我真不明白，為什么我妹妹喜歡穿不配對的襪子。

5.(Para.6)catch oneself doing sth.: suddenly realize one is doing sth.突然意識到自己在做某事

One day I caught myself smiling for no reason;then I realized I was thinking of you.有一天我忽然發(fā)覺自己正無緣無故地微笑，隨后我意識到我那時想到了你。6.(Para.6)admire : vt.Look at sth.and think how beautiful or impressive it is 欣賞；觀賞

They stopped at the top of the hill to admire the scenery.他們在山頂上停下來欣賞風景。7.(Para.7)stuff: Vt.1)push or put sth.into a small space, esp.in a quick careless way 填；塞

Don’t stuff anything else in the bag, or it will burst.不要再往袋子里塞東西了，不然袋子就要撐破了。

2)fill sth.until it is full 填滿；裝滿

Volunteers were busy stuffing envelopes.志愿者們正忙著填裝信封。N.[U] a variety of objects or things 各種物品

I don’t know how we’re going to get all this stuff into the car.8.(Para.9)curler: n.[C] a small plastic or metal tube used for making hair curl 卷發(fā)夾

Hair curlers can give you a great curly look.卷發(fā)器可以給你一個漂亮的卷發(fā)造型。

9.(Para.10)earn sb.sth.: get sth.as a result of sb.’s efforts or behavior 博得；贏得；獲得

Mother Teresa earned herself worldwide fame by her untiring work for the poor.特蕾莎修女為窮人孜孜不倦地工作，因而舉世聞名。10.(Para.11)strip off剝去；除去

It took me several hours to strip off that awful wallpaper from the walls.我花了好幾個鐘頭終于把那些難看的墻紙從墻上揭了下來。

11.(Para.13)ever single: used to emphasize that you are talking about every person or thing 每一個（用于強調）

You don’t need to write down every single word I say.你不必把我說得每一個字都記下來。

14.(Para.16)reverse oneself /one’s mind改變態(tài)度/主意

They had originally planned to sell their house and move into an apartment, but later they reversed their mind.起初他們打算把房子賣掉，搬到公寓去住，但是后來改變了主意。15.(Para.21)straighten up把??弄整潔;直起身

As usual, she helped her mother clear away the dishes and straighten up the room after dinner.跟平時一樣，吃完飯她幫助媽媽清理碗碟，把屋子收拾整潔。16.(Para.21)keep back抑制（感情）；阻止

When she heard that her mom was seriously ill, she could hardly keep back her tears.聽到媽媽病得很重，她忍不住流下了眼淚。17.(Para.22)with open arms熱烈地

When the volunteers went to visit the children in the mountainous areas, they were greeted by the children with open arms.志愿者們去山區(qū)看望孩子們時，受到了孩子們的熱情歡迎。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.It’s because of me, I think.She bought it to show me that she could.(Para.1)Meaning: Here the mother tries to show that the daughter, eager to be independent, is purposefully acting against her wishes.2.Eye shadow, face cream, nail polish-all go into the trash.(Para.5)Meaning: Eye shadow, face cream, nail polish are all put into the garbage bag.3.I dump drawers,…(Para.5)

Meaning: I get rid of the things in the drawers.4.I want to be practical, to stuff them in paper sacks for the used bookstore.(Para.7)Meaning: I want to deal with the books in a practical way: to put them in paper bags

and take them to a bookstore which sells used books.5.I go for her clothes.(Para.8)Meaning: I go to deal with her clothes.6.The job grows larger the longer I am at it.(Para.9)Meaning: The longer I am dealing with the clutter in the room, the more work there seems to be.7.I stuff the garbage bags until the plastic strains.(Para.10)

Meaning: I put as many things as possible into the garbage bags until the bags are about to burst.8.She left the bedroom a ridiculous mess, the comforter on the floor, the sheets tossed aside.(Para.11)Meaning: Her room is extremely untidy: The quilt is dropped on the floor, and the sheets are thrown to one side.9.There are comics clipped from newspapers and magazines.(Para.13)Meaning: There are comics that were cut from newspapers and magazines.10.I reverse myself and bring back the garbage bags from the car and the curb.(Para.16)Meaning: I change my mind and bring back the garbage bags I have put in the car and at the curb.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：

1.I catch myself reading through poems and essays, admiring high scores on tests and reading her name, ….（L2, Para.6）

我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己竟然在翻看她的詩歌和作文，欣賞著考卷上的高分，端詳著她的名字??

Sb.catch oneself doing sth.用于表達“突然意識到自己在做某事”。

應用：當突然意識到自己犯了和他一樣的錯誤時，她羞得滿臉通紅。When she caught herself making the same mistake as he did, she blushed.2.The job grows larger the longer I am at it.(L2, Para.9)我越理，要理的東西就越多。The more …, the more ….用于表達“越?? 越??”。

應用：讀這本書越久，就越能領會其韻律和情感。

The longer you read this book, the more you get into its rhythm and mood.3.Tokens of her childhood will await her.So will we, with open arms.(L2, Para.22)家里有她童年的紀念品在等著她。我們也在等著她，在張開雙臂等她回來。sb.do sth.So/Neither/Nor will/do/does/did sb.else.用于表達“同樣的情況也適用于其他人”。

應用：那次事故之后他父親對他不報太高的期望了，他母親也一樣。

His father didn’t have great hope for him after that accident.Nor did his mother.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.If you were the daughter, what response would you have when you read the article? 2.Some young people refuse to take their parents’ advice or even do the opposite as they think they are adults.How do you think about it?

3.Some say a good relationship starts with good communication.What can you do to strengthen communication with your parents? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Write an essay on the following topic.Suppose you were the daughter in the text who was to leave home for college.Write an essay titled “A baby no more, an adult already” illustrating the change of your emotion on the way striving for independence.You may apply as many expressions from the text as possible to your writing.Unit 3, Book One

Section A: College life in the Internet age Teaching Objectives: To talk about digital education To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the paragraph writing skill Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities

Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Look at 3 pictures and answer the questions based on these pictures.1.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each way of teaching and learning? 2.Which way do you prefer? Give your reasons.3.Do you think the Internet is indispensable in teaching and learning nowadays? Why or why not? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 4 parts.Part1(para.1)Introduction Part 2(para.2-6)How the transformation influences student’s campus life Part 3(Para.7-11)How the transformation influences college Part 4(Para.12)Conclusion Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

Access to up-to-date information is essential to our research.利用最新信息對我們的研究至關重要。

2.(Para.2)instant-message: v.exchange written messages over the Internet with people what you know 發(fā)送即時消息

She doesn’t like instant-messaging.When she has something to say, she will make a phone call.他不喜歡發(fā)即時消息。有話要說時，她就打電話。3.(Para.3)accessible： a.easy to obtain or use 易得到的；易使用的

He has made some attempts to make opera accessible to a wider public.他做了一些嘗試，想讓歌劇能有更多的受眾。

4.(Para.5)add to sth.: make a feeling or quality stronger and more noticeable 增加；增添

Her rejection of our request has added to the uncertainty of the situation.她拒絕了我們的要求，這使得形勢更加不確定。

5.(Para.6)indispensable: a.difficult or impossible to exist or do sth.without 不可缺少的；必不可少的

Good dictionaries are indispensable in English learning.對英語學習來說，好詞典是必不可少的。

6.(Para.6)visit with sb.: talk socially with sb.敘談；閑談 He is so busy that he hardly has time to visit with his friends.他忙得幾乎沒時間和朋友聊天。7.(Para.7)take the lead樹立榜樣，帶頭

The chairman always takes the lead in everything and is deeply trusted by the

masses.主席做事總是一馬當先，深受廣大群眾信任。8.(Para.7)account for解釋，說明，引起

Many countries are trying to find out what accounts for the disappearance of MH370 airplane.很多國家都在盡力弄清楚MH370失蹤的原因。

9.(Para.7)bank balance: n.[C] the amount of money sb.has in their bank account 賬戶余額；銀行存款余額

I check my bank balance about once a month.我大約每個月查一下我的賬戶余額。

10.(Para.8)inferior差的，次的

It is stupid to think that women are inferior in intelligence to men.認為女性的智力低于男性的想法是愚蠢的。11.(Para.9)focus on（把??）集中（于）

Millions of people focus their attention on commodities which are good in quality and low in price.優(yōu)質價廉的商品令萬眾矚目。

12.(Para.9)wired: a.connected to, and able to use the Internet（指計算機系統(tǒng))聯(lián)網(wǎng)的，連線的

Many colleges now have high-tech libraries and wired dormitories.許多大學現(xiàn)在都有高科技圖書館和聯(lián)網(wǎng)的宿舍。

13.(Para.9)keep up with.①跟上；保持同步；②和（朋友）保持聯(lián)系 Young people now have more and more means to keep up with their friends.現(xiàn)在的年輕人可以通過更多的方式和朋友們保持聯(lián)系。14.(Para.10)stand out ①出色；②顯眼；突出

Her long, blonde hair and bright pink dress made her stand out in the crowd.她那長長的金發(fā)和鮮亮的粉色裙子使她在人群中顯得很突出。15.replace with用??替換, 以??接替

Many people believe that it will be a matter of time before they completely replace cash with credit cards.很多人相信信用卡替代現(xiàn)金只是個時間問題。

16.(Para.12)in large part: mostly, or in most places 多半；在很大程度上；大多數(shù)地方

The state is becoming stronger, thanks in large part to the emergency measures taken to guard against economic collapse.這個國家正在變得日益強大，這主要歸功于采取了預防經濟崩潰的緊急措施。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.In her dorm, she instant-messages her roommate sitting just a few feet away.(Para.2)Meaning: In her dorm room, she even sends instant messages to her roommate, who is sitting only a few feet away from her.2.“ I always feel like I have a means of communication-in class and out of class,” says engineering major.(Para.4)Meaning: “I always have the feeling that I have a way to communicate with others, whether in class or out of class,” says a student majoring in engineering.3.“It’s adding to students’ sense of excitement about the subject.”(Para.5)Meaning: “It makes students feel more excited about the subject.”

4.Professors have been encouraged to tape their lectures and post them online.(Para.5)Meaning: Professors have been encouraged to record their lectures and put them online.5.More than just toys, thes instruments are powerful tools for the storage and management of virtually every kind of information.(Para.6)Meaning: These instruments are not just toys.They are powerful tools to store and deal with almost any kind of information.6.In the past few years, schools have taken the lead by turning their campuses into bubbles of Wi-Fi networks.(Para.7)Meaning: In the past few years, school have been the first to transform their campuses into places connected with Wi-Fi networks.7.Other colleges are straining to stand out from their peers(Para.10)

Meaning: Other colleges are trying very hard to do better than their fellow colleges.8.For those who prefer to travel laptop-free, colleges supply several computer labs.(Para.11)

Meaning: For those students who do not like to take a laptop with them, colleges provide several computer labs for them.9.The anywhere-anytime access has already yielded amazing benefits in education.(Para.12)Meaning: The fact that the Internet is available anywhere and anytime on campus has produced surprising benefits in education.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：

1.The college campus, long a place of scholarship and frontiers of new technology, is being transformed into a new age of electronics by a fleet of laptops, smartphones and connectivity 24 hours a day.大學校園長久以來都是學術之地，也是新技術的前沿。現(xiàn)在隨著手提電腦和智能手機的大量出現(xiàn)，加上每天24小時不間斷的網(wǎng)絡連接，大學校園正在轉而進入電子設備的新時代。

sth., long a … of …, is being transformed into …, and …用于形容“某物的變化”。

應用: 太空長久以來都是一個充滿神秘色彩的地域，現(xiàn)在隨著尖端技術和先進材料的大量出現(xiàn)，加上專業(yè)的宇航員，太空已經正在轉為人類探索活動的戰(zhàn)場。

The space, long a place of mystery, is being transformed into a battlefield of human exploration by a fleet of top technology, advanced material and professional astronauts.2.In fact, a recent study in the US found that information technology accounted for 5% to 8% of college budgets, up from an estimated 2% to 3% in the mid-1980s.事實上，美國最近的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，信息技術的投入占高校預算的5%-8%，比20世紀80年代中期約2%-3%的投入有所增加。

A recent study/ research/ experiment found/ discovered/ indicated that … 用于表達“某些研究、實驗等所發(fā)現(xiàn)的結果”。

應用：最近的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與動物進行積極的互動能降低一個人的血壓。A recent research discovered that interacting with animals in an active way may lower a person’s blood pressure.3.With the widespread application of laptops and computer science, we are going to produce a generation of problem-solvers and intelligent thinkers, which is indispensable for the future of the world.隨著計算機技術的廣泛應用，我們將培養(yǎng)出善于解決問題和善于思考的一代人，這對于世界的未來是至關重要的。

With the widespread application of …/With the fast/rapid development of …用于表達“某事或某物的發(fā)展或應用”。

應用：隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的迅猛發(fā)展和廣泛應用，網(wǎng)絡信息安全問題變得越來越嚴峻。

With the rapid development and widespread application of Internet, the seriousness of Internet information security is on the rise.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.Do you think the university should provide Internet access anywhere and anytime on campus? Why or why not? 2.Some people predict that in the future students will learn only at home by attending online courses.How do you like this idea? 3.What would life be like without the Internet or smartphones? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Writing Topic: Popularity of e-books or Peer pressure in college

Unit 4, Book One

Section A: Heroes among us Teaching Objectives: To talk about heroism To understand the text fully To apply the phrases and patterns To master the paragraph writing skill Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities

Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Let them talk to each other about the following questions: 1.Who is the greatest hero in your mind? And Why? 2.What makes a hero in your eyes? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 4 parts.Part1(para.1)

Question Part 2(para.2-4)

Example 1(civilian heroes)Part 3(Para.5-12)Example 2(First responder heroes)Part 4(Para.13)

Conclusion

Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

You can apply pressure on the injury to make the blood bleed slower.你可以按壓傷口讓血流的慢些。

2.(Para.3)shield sb.from sth.使? ?免受? ?

It is the duty of servicemen to shield their country from invasion.保護祖國不受侵略是軍人的職責。

3.(Para.3)remarkable: a.unusual or surprising and therefore deserving attention or praise 非凡的；不尋常的；顯著的

It is that kind of courage and determination that make him a most remarkable person.正是那種勇氣和覺醒使他成為一個非凡的人。4.(Para.4)be/get caught up in被卷入；陷入

The safety of those students caught up in the demonstration must be guaranteed.那些被卷入游行示威的學生的安全必須得到保證。

5.(Para.5)in the words of sb./in sb.’s words: as sb.says or writes 用某人的話來說

Michael and his sister went to the concert, and in the words of his sister, it was a night to remember.邁克爾和他姐姐一起去了音樂會，用他姐姐的話來說，那是難忘的一夜。6.(Para.6)goodwill: n.[U] kind feelings toward or between people and a willingness to be helpful 好意；親善；友善

A knowledge of other cultures will promote goodwill among people of different backgrounds.了解其他文化將會是不同背景的人們之間更加友善。7.(Para.7)reserve sth.for sb./sth保留；預留 This question must be reserved for further discussion.這個問題必須留待進一步討論。

8.(Para.7)personnel: [pl.] the people who work in a company, organization, or

military force（公司、組織或軍隊中的）人員；員工；職員

The personnel responsible for processing all these letters shall stay until the job is done.負責處理所有這些信件的人員要留下來，直到工作結束。9.(Para.8)relate to sth./sb.理解；認同

I know he was very frustrated when his job application was rejected.I can relate to that.我知道他的求職申請被拒后他很沮喪。我能理解他的感受。(Para.9).make sense of sth.理解，弄懂某事

I can’t make any sense of his giving up the competition at the last minute.我無法搞懂他為什么在最后一刻放棄比賽。

11.(Para.10)off-duty: a.if sb.such as a policeman, nurse, or soldier is off-duty, they are not working 不在值班的，下了班的

I can go to a movie with you because I’m off-duty today.我可以和你一起去看電影，因為今天我不值班。

12.(Para.10)grief : n.[U] extreme sadness, esp.because sb.you love has died(尤指因所愛之人去世而產生的)悲痛，極度悲傷

Her grief over her child’s death was not al all relieved with passing time.她的喪子之痛并未因時間的推移而減輕。13.(Para.10)give authority to授權

The contract gives authority to research members to use anything in the laboratory.合同授權研究人員使用實驗室里的任何東西。

14.(Para.10)intense: a.having a very strong effect or felt very strongly 劇烈的；強烈的

It is not scientific for a normally inactive person to start a program of intense exercise suddenly.一個平時不活動的人突然開始進行高強度的鍛煉，這是不科學的。15.(Para.12)heroic：a.extremely brave or determined, and admired by many people 英雄的；英勇的

She jumped into the icy water and saved two little boys;all the people in the town admire her heroic action.她跳入冰冷的水中救起了兩個小男孩。全鎮(zhèn)的人都為她的英勇行為所折服。16.(Para.12)count on依靠；指望

They decided not to count on foreign aid to relieve the famine.他們決定不依靠外援來緩解饑荒。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.In an era of heightened heroism, the word hero has become more common.(Para.1)Meaning: In a time when there is an increasing number of impressive actions of great courage, the word hero has been used more frequently.2.Daniel held her head up so she could breathe and applied pressure to her wounds.(Para.2)Meaning: Daniel held her head up so she could breathe, and he pushed hard on her wounds in order to stop the bleeding.3.Dory gave his life for his wife, Mary.(Para.3)Meaning: Dory died in order to save his wife, Mary.4.These are civilian heroes, who acted instinctively with courage and grace when caught up in extraordinary circumstances.(Para.4)Meaning: These are not military people or police officers;they are ordinary people.But they are heroes because they acted out of their instinct with courage and grace when they were involved in unusual conditions.5.It used to be that the word hero was reserved for those who performed acts of distinct courage beyond the call of duty.(Para.7)Meaning: In the past, the word hero was used particularly to refer to those who acted with remarkable courage and who did something that they did not have the duty to do.6.But today, our heroes are average men and women,” everyday heroes” to whom we can relate, people like us.(Para.8)Meaning: But today, our heroes are average men and women;they are “everyday heroes” that we are able to understand;they are people like us.7.I asked road safety advocate Eleanor McMahon whether she thought Sgt.Russell was a hero.(Para.10)

Meaning: I asked Eleanor McMahon, who publicly supported actions to improve road traffic safety, whether she thought Sgt.Russell was a hero.8.We count on first responders to rush toward danger, especially when it involves us or those we love.We expect nothing less.(Para.12)Meaning: We depend on first responders to rush toward danger to help, especially when we ourselves or those we love are involved.That is exactly what we expect.9.Will we be heroes when circumstances call on us to act heroically?(Para.13)Meaning: Will we act heroically when situations require us to do so？ Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：

1.It used to be that the word hero was reserved for those who performed acts of distinct courage beyond the call of duty.在過去，“英雄”一詞僅限于稱呼那些做出超乎職責范圍的特別英勇的行為的人們。

It used to be that …用于表達“過去的某一習慣或情況現(xiàn)在已不存在”，表示與目前習慣或情況有所不同。

應用：在過去，只有享受至高無上權利的皇家才能使用龍的形象。It used to be that the image of dragon could only be used by royal families that enjoyed the supreme power.2.A soldier who runs through gunfire to rescue other military personnel is seen as a hero.So are larger-than-life leaders such as Nelson Mandela, who emerged after 27 years of jail, confined in a solitary chamber.一位戰(zhàn)士冒著槍林彈雨去搶救其他戰(zhàn)友，他被看作英雄。同樣，超凡卓越的具有傳奇色彩的領袖人物也是英雄，比如納爾遜· 曼德拉。被囚禁于單人牢房27年后，曼德拉終于擺脫了牢獄生活。

Sb./Sth.is ….So is sb./sth.else./ So are some other people/some other things.用于表達“兩個人或事物之間的相似之處”。

應用：在你的人生中，通過不懈努力取得的成功是寶貴的財富。同樣，幫助你逐步走向成熟的人生挫折也是財富。

Success that you achieve through painstaking efforts is seen as valuable asset in your life.So are the setbacks that help you to become mature gradually.3.We count on first responders to rush toward danger, especially when it involves us or those we love.我們指望應急人員沖向危險，尤其是當我們自身或我們所愛的人身處險境時。

Sb.do sth., especially when….用于表達“某人最有可能做某事的一種條件”。應用：我喜歡回憶過去，特別是當孤寂來襲之時。

I love recalling the past, especially when loneliness strikes.4.We honor the fireman, the policeman, and the average citizen by recognizing their heroism.Perhaps, even more importantly, we honor them by working to change the circumstances that led to their death.我們向消防隊員、警察和普通平民致敬，贊揚其英雄精神。也許，甚至更為重要的是，我們要通過努力改變讓他們遭遇不幸的環(huán)境來向他們致敬。

Sb.do sth.by….Perhaps, even more importantly, sb.do sth.by…用于表達“對于某人而言更為重要的行為方式”。

應用：我們通過傳授知識培養(yǎng)學生，也許，更為重要的是，我們通過傳授學習方法培養(yǎng)學生。

We cultivate students by imparting knowledge.Perhaps, even more importantly, we cultivate students by teaching them learning methods.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.How do you define a hero? 2.Do you think people who give their life to save their family members should be considered heroes? Why or why not? 3.What do you think we should do to honor heroes?

Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Write an essay entitled “A Great Hero in My Mind” by following the writing pattern of the text.You may apply as many expressions from the text as possible to your writing.Unit 5, Book One

Section A: Cliff Young, an unlikely hero Teaching Objectives: To talk about the sporting spirit To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the paragraph writing skill Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities

Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Let them talk to each other about the following questions: 1.What sports do you like doing? 2.How much time do you spend on sports every day? 3.Do you think playing sports is important to students? Why? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1(para.1-10)Cliff Young took part in the Australian marathon in 1983 and finally won it.Part 2(para.11-13)Cliff Young’s life after the race of 1983 Part 3(Para.14)Cliff Young sets a good example for other people.Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief

presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

The Olympic Stadium will hold up to 80,000 spectators.奧林匹克體育場將可容納多達8萬觀眾。2.(Para.2)in attendance出席

The Duke of York will be in attendance at tonight’s gala concert.約克公爵將出席今晚的節(jié)日音樂會。

3.(Para.2)assert: state firmly that sth.is true(堅決)主張；斷言

“Our soccer team,” he asserts, “ is the best college team in the whole country.” 他堅稱：“我們的足球隊是全國最好的大學足球隊。4.(Para.7)leave sth.behind把??拋在后面

With the seven-day holiday at hand, many people are planning to leave the city behind and head into open country for relaxation.隨著七天長假的臨近，許多人都準備離開城市，到廣闊的鄉(xiāng)村旅游。5.(Para.7)fall ill 生病

Researchers found that people with a cheerful disposition were less likely to fall ill when facing the pressure from the stressful work and life.研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)當面對緊張工作和生活壓力時，性格開朗的人生病的幾率較小。

6.(Para.8)have no intention of doing sth.不打算做某事

Once stuck in a dilemma, a wise man has no intention of heading blindly for a dead end but reverses his course in time to find his way out.一旦陷入困境，聰明的人不會一味地鉆牛角尖，而是適時地另辟溪徑以謀求出路。

7.(Para.10)endear sb.to sb..使受歡迎

His consideration and generosity endeared him to his colleagues.他的體貼和慷慨使他深受同事們的喜愛。

8.(Para.14)to this day直到現(xiàn)在；至今

To this day, Comrade Bethune remains a role model for the whole society to follow in that his holy spirit has become our spiritual asset 直到今天，白求恩同志依然是我們整個社會學習的榜樣，因為他的崇高精神已經成為我們的精神財富。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.No one paid any attention to this odd-looking man who might as well have been invisible.(Para.2)Meaning: Cliff Young looked strange.His presence at the race did not draw anyone’s attention.It was just as if he had not attended the race at all.2.It takes a week to run this race on no more than six hours of sleep a night！(Para.5)Meaning: You need a week to finish this race, and you will have less than six hours’ sleep each night.3.I’ve run sheep for two or three days at a time.(Para.6)Meaning: Every time I run sheep, it takes about two or three days.4.As the race progressed along, of course, the attention of the sports commentators and viewers alike was on the athletes at the front of the pack.(Para.7)Meaning: Of course, as the race went on, both the sports commentators and the viewers paid attention to the athletes in the leading position.5.Over the years, despite increasing age and physical challenges, he participated in many races and won a number of them.(Para.12)Meaning: In all those years, he took part in many races and won a number of them, although he was getting older and not as strong as before.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：

1.When he asserted his intention to compete, the world-class athletes around him reacted with apparent disbelief and then with disrespect.(Para.2, L5)

當克里夫明確表示自己是來參賽的時候，他周圍的世界級選手先是表示出明顯的懷疑，繼而予以鄙視。

When sb.asserted his intention to do sth., other people reacted with …用于表達“當某人明確表示自己要做某事時，其他人的反應”。

應用：當這醫(yī)務工作人員表示他們準備用自己的生命換得大眾的健康時，公眾先是表現(xiàn)出驚訝，繼而予以敬佩。

When these medical workers asserted their intention to give their lives for the public health, the public reacted with surprise and then with respect.2.To this day, Cliff Young remains a magnificent reminder and brilliant example of how ordinary individuals can inherently achieve remarkable results.(Para.14, L1)直到今天，克里夫.楊依然是一個偉大的標桿和輝煌的榜樣，他向世人表明普通人也能憑潛在的能力取得非凡成就。

To this day, sb.remains + adj.+ reminder and + adj.+ example of how ….用于表達“某人樹立的榜樣精神”。

應用：直到今天，雷鋒同志依然是一個輝煌的標桿和杰出的榜樣，他向世人表明一個普通人也能為我們的社會做著不平凡的貢獻。

To this day, Lei Feng remains a glorious reminder and outstanding example of how an ordinary person can make unusual contribution to our society.3.With determination and preparation, we can achieve distinction and be a brilliant example to others.（Para.14, L3）

有堅定的決心和充分的準備，我們就能取得榮耀，也能成為別人的光輝榜樣。With

sth.we can ….用于表達“達到目的所需要的條件”。

應用：十年的婚姻生活使他明白了一點：只有彼此寬容與體貼，才能分享歡樂與幸福。

Ten year’s marriage life made it clear for him that with tolerance and consideration towards each other people can share in joy and happiness.Step7.Consolidation

Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1 Which three of the following qualities most characterize the spirit of sports? Why? 2 What values do you think people can cultivate by playing sports? 3 Do you think winning is the most important thing in sports? Why or why not? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Write an essay on the topic “What Success Brings to People” by the following writing pattern of the text.You may apply as many expressions from the text as possible to your writing.Unit 6, Book One

Section A: To work or not to work-That is the question Teaching Objectives: To talk about the effects of part-time employment To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the paragraph writing skill Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities

Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Let them talk to each other about the following questions: 1.Why do some students like to take part-time jobs?

2.What problems will students face with when they take part-time jobs? 3.What suggestions will you put forward toward students planning to work part-time? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1(para.1)

Research methods Part 2(para2-4)Research findings Part 3(Para.5-8)Explanations for the negative effects Part 4(Para.9)Conclusion of the research Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen

Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

The experts also contrasted smokers with non-smokers, on different indicators of their commitment to conduct.專家們還對比了吸煙者和不吸煙者在行動力投入程度方面的不同指征。2.(Para.2)interfere with妨礙；阻止

Sharpening the axe will not interfere with the cutting of firewood.磨刀不誤砍柴工。

3.(Para.3)take a / its toll on對?產生不良影響

The difficult curriculum, and fierce competition have taken a serious toll on students’ physical and mental health.高難度的課程和激烈的競爭嚴重影響了這些學生的身心健康。4.(Para.4)cut back on削減；縮減

Experts suggest that as the concentration of PM2.5 in the air exceeds 200, the general population should cut back on the social and recreational activities.專家建議當大氣中的可入肺顆粒物濃度超過200時，一般人群最好減少外出社交和娛樂活動。

5.(Para.7)drop out退學；輟學；退出；脫離

We should help those students who have dropped out of school because of poverty, enabling them to return to school.我們應該幫助那些由于貧困而失學的學生，使他們重返學校。

6.(Para.8)be accustomed to doing sth.習慣于做某事

Love is mutual, which needs to pay, also wants to harvest.We, as parents, please do not be blindly accustomed to paying for our children.愛是相互的，它需要付出，也要去收獲。作為家長的我們，千萬不要一味習慣為孩子付出愛。

7.(Para.9)contribute to促成，造成（某事發(fā)生）

Animal fats and sugar contribute to a weight problem and can be a factor in heart disease.動物脂肪和糖會導致體重增加，而且可能是引起心臟病的一個因素。8.(Para.9)hold on to繼續(xù)感到；仍然相信

Thousands of miles apart, we met with quarrels, and sometimes even a cold war, but we still hold on to love.我們相隔千里，有爭吵，也有冷戰(zhàn)，但我們依然相信愛情。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.There are numerous and reliable ways by which one can measure the impact of employment on student achievement, and we used several in our research(Para.1)Meaning: There are many reliable methods to study how work affects students’ school performance, and we used a few of the methods in our research.2.We have simplified and classified the data and the results are clear: The stakes are high.(Para.2)Meaning: We have processed the data by making them simpler and grouping them into different categories.The research results are clear: The risks for working students are high.3.On the other hand, we also detected a different pattern.Working for approximately 10 hours per week or less seemingly does not take a consistent toll on school performance.(Para.3)Meaning: However, we also found out a different pattern, that is, when students work for about 10 hours or less every week, it does not seem to have a continuous bad effect on students’ school performance.4.In other words, over time, the more students work, the less committed to school they become.(Para.4)Meaning: That is to say, as students work longer hours, they gradually become less devoted to study.5.Over time, as these become established practices, students’ commitment to school is eroded bit by bit.(Para.5)Meaning: Gradually, as these practices of cutting corners have been in use for a long time, students become less and less committed to school.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：

1.Nevertheless, given that half of all employed seniors, about one-third of all juniors, and about one-fifth of all second-year students work above the 20-hour limit, indications are that a large number of students are at risk of compromising their school careers with their part-time jobs.(Para.3, L3)不過，鑒于一半的大四打工學生、約三分之一的大三打工學生、以及五分之一的大二打工學生的打工時間都超過20小時的上限，因此種種跡象表明，有眾多學生面臨因打零工而危及學業(yè)的風險。

Nevertheless, given that …, indications / proofs / investigations are that sb.are at risk of doing sth.用于表達“在某種證據(jù)下，某人做某事所產生的風險”。

應用：不過，由于滑坡事件導致18人死亡，因此種種跡象表明，當?shù)卣畬⒚媾R失去公眾信任的風險。

Nevertheless, given that the landslide killed 18 people, indications are that the local authority is at risk of losing the public’s trust.2.In other words, over time, the more students work, the less committed to school they become.換言之，隨著時間的推移，學生打工時間越長，他們對學習的投入就越少。In other words, the more sb.do, the less / more sb.become / do.用于表達“某人做某事產生的相反效果”。

應用：換言之，他越是堅稱自己是無辜的，他們就越不相信他。

In other words, the more he insisted he was innocent, the less they seemed to believe him.3.According to our studies, alcohol and drug use, in turn, may be linked to disengagement from school, and therefore, is likely to depress school performance.我們的研究表明，飲酒和吸毒相應地可能造成學習興趣減弱，因此很可能導致學習成績下降。

According to sb.’s studies / surveys / investigations, sth., in turn, may be linked to sth., and therefore, is likely to do sth..用于表達“某事造成的影響”。

應用：他們的調查表明，癌癥村的出現(xiàn)和當?shù)夭话踩娘嬎?、糟糕的居住環(huán)境和空氣污染有關，因此很可能增加了疾病的發(fā)生。

According to their investigation, the occurrence of cancer villages, in turn, may be linked to the local unsafe drinking water, dirty living conditions and air pollution, and therefore, is likely to create an increase in illness.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.Do you think early employment can build character? Why or why not? 2.Many people believe that the only task of college students is to study hard and they should not spend time on part-time job.What do you think?

3.Do you agree with the author on all the negative impacts of working while studying? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Write a report about survey on the effects of part-time employment on students’ performance.You are expected to conduct a survey on university students taking part-time jobs, then summarize your findings and report them to the class.Unit 7, Book One

Section A: When honesty disappears Teaching Objectives: To discuss some social phenomenon about dishonesty To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the paragraph writing skill Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities

Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Show them some pictures on the screen, and ask them: 1.What does each picture depict? 2.What are the common problems these pictures expose? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1(para.1)

Problem Part 2(para.2-4)Causes and Solutions Part 3(Para.5-6)Evaluation Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

All they have to do is pressing a button, and they can see shows of every kind, not to mention the latest exciting football match.他們只需按一下開關就可以看到各種各樣的文藝節(jié)目。至于最近的激動人心的足球賽更是不在話下。2.(Para.1)rip off 盜竊

He was arrested by the police for ripping off a watch after he walked into the store.他被警察抓了，因為他走進商店后偷了一塊手表。

3.(Para.2)exaggerate: v.make sth.seem better, larger, worse, etc.than it really is 夸大；夸張；言過其實

Shelly admitted that she did sometimes exaggerate the difficulty of her job.謝莉承認，她有時候確實夸大了自己的工作難度。4.(Para.4)cope with（成功地）處理

To my delight, he was able to cope with the stress of his study.令我高興的是，他能夠處理學習的壓力。5.(Para.4)Launch / wage a campaign發(fā)起一場運動

To improve the staff’s comprehensive quality, the company launched a massive educational campaign.為了提高員工的綜合素質，該公司發(fā)起了一場大規(guī)模的教育運動。6.(Para.4)plagiarism: n.[U] when sb.uses another person’s words, ideas, or work and pretends they are their own 剽竊；抄襲

More than half of the teachers in the survey said they thought plagiarism from the Internet was a serious offense.7.(Para.4)all but: everything or everyone except sth.or sb.除…外全部

All but one of the passengers were killed in the accident.除了一個乘客外，其他人都在這起事故中喪生。

8.(Para.4)reveal：vt.Make known sth.that was previously secret or unknown 揭

示；揭露；透露

Many women do not want to reveal their true age in front of others.很多女性不愿意在別人面前透露自己的真實年齡。9.(Para.6)be confined to sth.局限于···

For the young, the hunger for knowledge is strong, and it is not confined to any time or place.年輕人對知識的渴望是非常強烈的，并不受任何時間或地域的限制。10.(Para.6)descend into … 陷入···狀況

They have taken effective measures so as to prevent the city from descending into chaos and bloodshed.他們采取了有效措施，阻止了整個城市陷入混亂和流血。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.As numerous accounts of cheating, lying, and fraud crowd our newspaper pages and TV news, it seems that honesty is a rapidly vanishing value.(Para.1)Meaning: From our newspapers and TV news, we read countless reports about people cheating, lying, and deceiving.Honesty as a valuable merit seems to be disappearing quickly.2.But are these reports truly accurate or do they exaggerate the situation?(Para.2)Meaning: But are these reports correct and exact or do they make the situation look worse than it really is? 3.If this is indeed the case, it’s deeply troubling as today’s students are tomorrow’s leaders!(Para.2)

Meaning: If such a situation does exist, it is very worrying because today’s students will become leaders in the future!4.Modern students who want to fake a term paper don’t have to browse long.(Para.3)Meaning: Nowadays, students don’t need to spend a long time “stealing” online papers and ideas to be used in their own term paper.5.Long ago, all American schoolchildren knew the historical story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny he had overcharged a customer.(Para.5)Meaning: According to historical records, Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny he had overcharged a customer.The story with its moral virtue has been passed on from generation to generation.The author uses this story to show what

he is to convey in this article.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：

1.Travelers ripped off so many towels last year that it cost a major hotel chain $3 million to replace them.Especially troubling are the reports that dishonesty is increasing amongst student populations around the world.去年一年，一家大型連鎖酒店的大量毛巾被游客偷走，酒店因此花費了300萬美元來添置新毛巾。尤其令人擔憂的是，世界范圍內有關學生不誠實行為的報道越來越多。

Sb.did sth../ sth.happened.Especially troubling / surprising/annoying are the reports / facts that…用于表達“表述一種更令人擔憂/吃驚/煩惱的現(xiàn)象或者事實感受”。

應用：投幣坐車本來是給市民提供方便，然而僅一個月公交公司收就收到很多的殘幣，更令人氣憤的是僅假鈔的數(shù)額就多達三萬元。

The use of slot machine was aimed at facilitating the citizens, but within one month alone the public bus company received lots of incomplete coins.Especially irritating is the fact that fake money alone amounted to 30,000 Yuan.2.Some people worry that the Internet, once hailed as the ultimate learning tool, could become the best aid yet for cheating.有些人擔心，曾經被奉為最棒的學習工具的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)會成為作弊者最得力的幫手。

Sth., once hailed as sth., could become sth.用于表達“表述一種事物或者一個人今昔境況的對比”。

應用：曾經是一位美國警察，被稱贊為英雄，現(xiàn)被控告有強奸等幾項罪名，已被抓捕。

A former US police officer, once hailed as a hero, has been arrested and charged with rape and other crimes.3.Whether discovered or not, dishonesty has an undesirable effect on anyone who practices it.不管是否會被發(fā)現(xiàn)，不誠實都會給任何一個作弊者帶來不利影響。Whether discovered or not(whether conscious or unconscious), sth.will have an effect on sb.用于表達“表述不管在什么情況下某事都可能產生影響”。

應用1：不管是否被查出，剽竊他人的思想會對一個人的名聲造成壞的影響，甚至會毀了前程。

Whether checked out or not, presenting another person’s ideas as one’s own may have bad effect on his name or even damage his future.應用2：不管承認與否，今天，我們學會了追趕時間，卻沒有學會耐心等待；我們擁有的財富越來越多，道德品質卻日益淪喪。

Whether admit it or not, today we’ve learned to rush, but not to wait;we have higher incomes, but lower morals.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.In some universities, students are asked to sign an Honesty Declaration in the exam.Do you think this is an effective way to prevent cheating? Why or why not?

2.Sometimes people tell white lies to avoid hurting others’ feelings.Should these people be considered honest or dishonest?

3.Sometimes doctors do not tell the truth to their patients about their conditions.Do you approve of this practice? Why or why not? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Write a speech or essay entitled with What Steals Our Leisure Time.You may apply as many expressions from the text as possible to your writing.

第二篇：新視野大學英語

Unit6a 4月7日，星期六

我和史蒂夫已拖運垃圾整整四個小時了，中間只停下來說了約五分鐘的話。

每次我將滿滿的一桶垃圾扛上肩，肩膀就痛得厲害，有時候扛著垃圾朝街上走，腿都打顫，可我心里卻對自己說：“挺住，垃圾工，要挺住?！?/p>

我原本就沒有想過這工作會有什么快樂可言。倒、扛、走、扛、走。時間過得飛快。

星期六意味著一路上大多數(shù)成年人會呆在家里。上學的孩子也一樣。

我心里琢磨，這可能意味著我挨家挨戶收垃圾時可以和人們多搭上幾句話了。很多人在花園里或花房里干活兒。多數(shù)人看上去是可以說說話的。

雖沒有工夫聊很久，但問候幾句以示禮貌還是有時間的。

但我吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)并不是這么回事。

直到我在幾家院子里問候了幾次以后，才意識到這么做是不常見的。

偶爾，有人也會看著我，微笑一下，對我說一聲“你好”，或者“今天天氣真好”。這時，我還是感到有人情味兒。

可多數(shù)情況下，人們的反應要么是不理我，要么是因為我這個垃圾工竟然也和他們說話而驚訝地盯著我看。

一個身著家常便服的婦女見我繞過她家的拐角，臉上露出驚訝之色。

聽到我向她打招呼，她就趕緊用衣服把自己嚴嚴實實地遮了起來，并匆忙退回屋里。我還聽到咔嗒一聲門被鎖上了。

另一個婦女，院子里養(yǎng)了一只巨大古怪的動物。我問她那是什么動物，她兩眼盯著我。

我以為她耳背，所以提高了聲音。她好像給嚇著了似的，冷冷地轉身走了。

這兒離垃圾場有很長一段路，在駕車去垃圾場的路上，史蒂夫氣憤地敘說著這些事情。

“從多數(shù)人看你的那種眼光，就知道在他們眼里垃圾工是怪物。如果你對他們問聲好，他們就驚奇地看著你。他們根本沒想到我們也是人?！?/p>

“有個女人往垃圾箱里倒煙灰。我說，我們這樣沒法裝運。

她說，‘我倒什么你管得著嗎，你算什么東西? 你不過是個垃圾工罷了?！?/p>

我說，‘聽著，太太，我的智商是137，高中畢業(yè)時是班上的尖子生。我干這活是為了掙錢，不是因為我只能干這個。’”

“我真想對他們說，‘你瞧瞧，我跟你們一樣干凈?！蛇@沒用。我從不對任何人說我是垃圾工。我說我是卡車司機。

我家里人知道，可我妻子的家人不知道。

如果有人正好碰到，問‘你是給垃圾公司開車嗎?’我就說是。我相信我們做的事是人們所需要的，就像當警察或者消防隊員一樣。我并不為此而感到見不得人，可我也不會到處去吹噓自己的工作?！?/p>

“有一天，我妻子的一個朋友見到她孩子從家里跑出來看垃圾車，她就大聲叫嚷起來，‘離那些垃圾工遠點，他們身上臟’。我很生她的氣。

我說，‘那些垃圾工和我們一樣干凈?！?‘你好像很同情他們似的，’她說?！堑?，我是很同情他們?！?可我從沒有告訴她這是為什么?！?/p>

這活兒我原先只打算干兩天，可現(xiàn)在我要干下去。

這可鍛煉人呢，雖然肩部肌肉酸痛，可我扛垃圾桶越扛越得心應手了。我越干越快，越干越利索。在室外干活還可以呼吸新鮮空氣，而且完全不像人們認為的那樣，我干的活兒其實很干凈。

我還決定繼續(xù)在人家的院子里向人們說“你好”。這不會有什么壞處，而且感覺依舊不錯。

說實話，我感到驕傲，我在做一項必不可少的工作。每晚工作結束時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個國家比早上更干凈了。并不是許多人每晚都能這樣說的。

約翰·加德納曾寫道，一個只贊揚哲學家而蔑視管道工的社會必定會出現(xiàn)麻煩。他警告說：“這個社會的管道和理論都會出問題?！?/p>

他也許應該進一步要求人們既尊重經濟學家又尊重垃圾工；不然的話，他們都會在身后留下垃圾。Unit6b 星期天凌晨三點整，他終于把自己累死了。

當然，訃告并沒有這么說，只說他死于心臟病。但是他的朋友和熟人很快就明白了是怎么回事。

他是個典型的A型人，工作成癮。相互間他們這么說，搖著頭，并且沉思五或十分鐘，反思他們的生活方式。

此君叫菲爾，星期天凌晨三點整，把自己累死了。那天是他的休息日，可他卻在工作。他把自己生命中的最后18年獻給了那項工作。他51歲，是公司的一位副總裁。更確切地說，他是六位副總裁之一，而且，假如公司總裁去世或者很快退休的話，他是有可能升至最高職位的三位副總裁之一。菲爾是休息不起的。

他每周工作六天，其中五天每天工作到晚上八點或九點，而此時他的公司除了當官的，其他人都已開始每周工作四天。

他撥不出時間來做戶外活動，除非你把他每月打一次高爾夫球也算在內。對于菲爾來說，那也是工作。他總是在辦公桌上吃雞蛋色拉三明治。當然，他比較胖，患有高血壓。

每逢星期六，菲爾就穿運動茄克衫而不是西服去辦公室，因為是周末。

他手下有很多人，大約60個，多數(shù)時候大多數(shù)人都喜歡他，敬慕他。其中三人將被認真考慮來接替他的工作。訃告對此避而不談。

然而訃告卻一一列出了被他“留下的人”。

在他身后有妻子海倫，她48歲，心地善良，但卻沒有特別的職業(yè)技能，結婚生子之前曾做過辦公室工作。據(jù)她女兒說，多年前孩子們還小時，她就放棄了與他的工作競爭。公司的一位朋友說：“我知道你將多么思念他?！?而她回答道：“我早已這樣了?！?/p>

“這些年來思念著他，”她已經放棄了自己的一部分，這部分的她太關心這個男人了。從此她將“得到很好的關照”。

他“親愛的孩子”中“親愛的長子”在南方的一家制造公司當經理，工作很努力。在安葬父親的前一天，他走訪了鄰居，試圖多了解他的父親。鄰居們很尷尬，只能裝作比事實上更了解他的父親。

他的第二個孩子是個女兒，今年24歲，剛剛結婚。

她住在她母親附近，兩人關系親密。但是，以前每當她和父親單獨在一起時，比如開車去什么地方時，兩人幾乎無話可說。

最小的是個男孩，今年20歲，是個高中畢業(yè)生。和他的許多朋友一樣，他滿足于打零工，以維持吃飯和吸大麻。

他父親的工作不適合他。

雖然如此，他依然努力理解他父親，努力表明自己對他很重要，以此將他拴在家里。他是他父親的最愛。

在過去的兩年里，菲爾常為擔心這個男孩而睡不著覺。

這男孩有一次說道：“我和我父親只住在這里。”

在葬禮上，60歲的公司總裁告訴48歲的寡婦，51歲的死者對公司非常重要，公司會思念他，很難找到人來代替他。寡婦不敢正面看他。

她擔心他會看出她的不快。畢竟，她需要他來理清他們之間的財務——優(yōu)先認股權等等之類。

菲爾身體胖，弦總是繃得緊緊的，工作太賣力。如果他不在辦公室，他就放心不下。他是容易患心臟病的那種人。

在一大群人中，你一眼就能將他辨認出來。

因此，當他星期天凌晨三點整終于把自己累死時，沒有人真正感到吃驚。

安葬的那天下午五點，公司總裁開始（當然非常謹慎地）向他的左右詢問接替菲爾的人選（三者之一）的情況。

他問大家：“誰工作最賣力？” Unit7a 和大多數(shù)城里人一樣，我非常小心謹慎。

在把車開進車庫前，我會掃視街道和周圍的小路，看看有沒有異常的人或物。那天晚上也不例外。

可是當我手里拿著肯德基炸雞走出車庫時，一個身材圓胖、留著短髭、頭戴絨線帽、身穿深色尼龍夾克的年輕人從停車處旁的灌木叢中鉆出來，把手槍頂在我的雙眼之間。

“交出來，他媽的──，”他威脅道，“交出來?！?/p>

“嗨，”我說，“拿去吧。”

我一邊說，一邊把肯德基快餐盒放在小路旁邊的花盆上，同時設法把我房子的鑰匙扔進灌木叢中。

“你的錢在哪兒? 你的錢在哪兒?”他吼道。

在我們遭遇的全過程中，他會重復自己說的每一句話；出于本能，我也同樣重復著自己的話。

“在我錢包里，在我錢包里?！蔽艺f。

他走到我的背后，把槍頂在我的脖子上，開始搜我的褲子口袋。

“錢包在哪兒?”他問。

“在后面的口袋里?！?/p>

“還有呢?”

“我就這么多錢了?！?/p>

“手表在哪兒?”

“在這兒，”我邊回答邊把左臂伸出去。就在這時，他的同伙出現(xiàn)了。

他很瘦小，手持一支加大的藍色鋼制手槍。

他深色的眼睛里閃著光，好似擦亮了的玻璃；他手臂和雙腿毫無預示地移動著，就好像是連著看不見的電線似的。

他厲聲說道，“不許看我們，不許看我們?！?/p>

他并不蠢。

我看過許多刑事審判，因而知道在那些武裝襲擊的受害者中，很少有人能夠辨認出襲擊他們的人，因為他們的注意力全集中在槍上，而沒有注意持槍人。我有意識地留意了一下他們的面部細節(jié)。

“我沒有看你們?！碑斈莻€大個子劫匪把手表從我的手腕上扯下來時，我撒了個謊。

“趴下，趴下，”那小個子命令我，并一把摘下了我的眼鏡，把它扔到草坪上。

這時，我已面朝下趴在了地上，前額緊貼著地面的泥土。

那個大個子劫匪用槍頂著我的后腦勺，小個子用手槍緊緊頂著我左邊的太陽穴。

我當時想，“這下完了。萊斯利會受不了的。主啊，可憐可憐我這個有罪的人吧?！?/p>

“這是什么?”大個子問道。

我把頭轉向右邊。

“是肯德基炸雞，”我說。

“我們要帶走，”大個子厲聲說道。

于是，突然間，劫匪們手里拿著錢包、手表和炸雞，腳步聲在黑暗的街道上越來越遠。

我轉過身，看見他們的影子鉆進了一輛汽車，急速地開走了。

他們沒有殺我，但他們?yōu)槭裁催@么做呢? 是仁慈? 是因為時間太緊而顧不上? 還是因為饑餓?

“多奇怪啊，”我心中暗想，“竟然是炸雞救了我的命。我看到的是死亡，而他們看到的是食物?！?/p>

我站起身來，找到了鑰匙，進了屋，然后撥通了911。接線員記下了我對劫匪的描述，然后派了輛警車來。

我為自己倒了一杯烈性酒，不一會兒，兩個穿制服的洛杉磯警察局的警察就到了。他們對此事作了筆錄，說“幸好”沒有受傷。

“但是，” 臨走時一個警察對我說，“他們拿走了你的炸雞，這實在太不像話了?！?/p>

后來，一個警察打電話來詢問其他細節(jié)。

他說這兩個劫匪的作案手法表明他們可能就是過去幾個月里這一地區(qū)多起搶劫案的實施者。他讓我到警察局去看一下疑犯的照片。

于是，上周一我翻看了相簿大小的幾本照片，多數(shù)是年輕人的──令人驚訝的是其中有相當一部分實際上還是孩子。

一張張翻看并研讀這些照片，仿佛漂流在一條讓人傷心的河流上，就像身處英國詩人布萊克筆下的泰晤士河，似乎“看見每一個過往行人都是滿臉饑色，一副苦相”。

這些年輕人聚合在一起構成了一條河流──一條已失去控制的河流，這條河流正吞噬著我們所珍視的東西的基礎：我們的行動自由，我們的勞動果實，我們的生命，以及那些我們所珍視的人的生命?？傆幸惶?，我們將不得不面對這條河流，并探索其對現(xiàn)實不滿的深層原因。

而目前，我們所能做的就是看看罪犯的照片，并參與到構筑抑制犯罪的大壩中去。Unit7b 我有一支黑色手槍，手柄是棕色的。

手槍就擱在我的床頭，里面裝著五顆子彈，并且總是上了膛的。

我一貫主張控制槍支，奇怪的是我現(xiàn)在依然主張控制槍支。

以前我沒有槍，并不是因為我對有關犯罪的統(tǒng)計資料不了解，也不是因為我自認為可以不受暴力的襲擊。

以前我認為自己不相信暴力，我自己也沒暴力傾向，所以我不會受到暴力的侵襲。我還認為我對人性本善的信念會使這一假想成為現(xiàn)實。

我應該把槍從住所帶到車上，但是我沒有這樣做。

這支槍可以做的、被用來做的，比它所能阻止的更讓我感到恐懼。

如果我?guī)е鴺尩臅r候遭到了襲擊，那我就一定會用它來殺人，而不僅僅是傷人。

我曾想象自己遭遇歹徒的襲擊，并不是真的遇到這種事：一個男子正在街上走。

我鎖上車，朝公寓走去，拿著鑰匙準備開門。

還沒有走到門口，我覺得我聽到一個聲音在說，“把錢給我?！?/p>

在我打開門之前我又聽到了一個聲音，然后我轉過身，看到了一個持槍的人。

他很害怕。

我害怕我會嚇著他，致使他朝我開槍，我還擔心我把錢給他以后，他仍然會朝我開槍。我同樣也很生氣，因為一個我從未見過、也從未傷害過的人在用槍指著我。

我想象的這起搶劫中有某種令我不安的東西，這是我不愿承認的東西，這是因為羞愧而被我有意略去的東西。

我明白我為什么會想象自己遭到一個男子的搶劫：他們在身體上占有優(yōu)勢，而且我也從沒聽說有誰遭到過一個女人的搶劫。

但為什么這個人是個黑人呢?

為什么是個穿著破舊T恤, 雙眼發(fā)亮的黑人男子呢? 為什么不是個白人?

我想象我站在克萊爾本街和杰克遜街拐角處的一個加油站等待付款，這時，一個黑人從我身后走來。我沒有回頭，而是正眼朝前看，等著付款。

我盡量不表現(xiàn)出自己的焦慮，而這種焦慮的產生僅僅是因為在一個名聲不好的街區(qū)的加油站有一個黑人從我身后走來，而且他沒有汽車。

我又想象另一種可能性。

當我聽見那個聲音時，我正帶著槍在街上走。那人一定沒看見我的槍。

我很生氣，因為我受到了威脅，因為有人為了得到我口袋里的錢而危及著我的生命。

于是我轉過身，既憤怒又恐懼，還未細想就開了槍。我也許只是因為50或100美元就殺了一個人。他曾試圖搶劫我，可這一點并不重要。

一個人因為錢而死，不一定是我的錢或者是他的錢，只是錢。是誰給他的生命如此標價的呢?

我記得有一個晚上和朋友一起開著她父母的車，在卡爾頓街和圖蘭街交叉處遇到紅燈，車停了下來。這時有一個黑人從我們車前穿過馬路。我的朋友便不由自主地鎖上了車門。

我很討厭她一看到那個黑人就鎖上車門的舉動。不知他是否注意到了我們這一舉動。

不知當別人一看到你就鎖上車門，那會是一種什么樣的感覺。

我又設想另外一種在我的公寓前遭遇歹徒的情景。當一個人向我要錢時我正帶著槍。我很生氣又很害怕，但我沒有用槍。

我害怕在我不使用槍的情況下可能發(fā)生的事情，但我更害怕殺死別人，害怕在因為殺了人而使良心遭受的無盡譴責中活著。

于是我以生命做賭注，希望他拿了我的錢就會離開。但愿我能贏。

現(xiàn)在我走進了我家附近的一家加油站。一個黑人已經在排隊等候。

他突然跳起來并轉過身，在看見我以后才放松下來，對我說我嚇著他了，因為這一帶常出事。

“對不起，”我微笑著說。我意識到擔驚受怕的并不只是我一個人。Unit8a 奇思妙想是如何形成的，現(xiàn)在還沒有令人滿意的解釋。

你對某一個問題思考了很久，直至感到疲勞，把它忘掉了，也許暫時不去想它了，可后來卻忽然來了靈感!當你不去想它的時候，答案卻突然從天而降，仿佛上蒼賜予你的一份禮物。

當然，并非所有的思想都是這樣產生的，但許多思想的產生確實如此，尤其是那些最為重要的思想。它們猛然間躍入人的腦海，閃爍著創(chuàng)造的光芒。

它們是如何出現(xiàn)在人的腦海中的呢?這還是個謎。但這些思想一定來自某個地方。我們姑且假定它們是來自“潛意識”吧。

這是有道理的，心理學家就是用這一術語來描述不為人知的思維過程。創(chuàng)造性思維有賴于未知的東西變成已知的東西。

我們都有過靈機一動、突然有了一個新想法的經歷，而這在那些富有創(chuàng)造性的天才人物身上最顯而易見。他們中的許多人對這種經歷有著強烈的感受，并在回憶錄和信函中將其記錄了下來。

無論是宗教、哲學、文學，還是藝術、音樂，甚至數(shù)學、科學、技術發(fā)明，在任何領域的天才人物身上，我們都能找到這樣的例子，雖然人們常常認為數(shù)學、科學以及技術發(fā)明所依賴的僅僅是邏輯和實驗。一切真正創(chuàng)造性的活動都在某種程度上依賴于潛意識中的這些信號；一個人洞察力越強，這些信號就越鮮明、越引人注目。

以理查德·瓦格納創(chuàng)作《萊茵河的黃金》的前奏曲為例。

有關“鐘聲”的創(chuàng)意瓦格納已經構思了幾年時間，而他竭盡全力著手進行作曲也已經數(shù)月。

1853年9月4日他抵達斯佩齊亞，當時他正在生病。他去了一家旅館。由于旅館外面噪音太大，而他又在發(fā)燒，所以他無法入睡。第二天，他出去散步，走了很長的路，下午，他一頭扎進沙發(fā)想睡一覺。這時候，他的潛意識長期以來一直在尋找的奇跡發(fā)生了。

他進入了似睡非睡的朦朧狀態(tài)，驟然間感覺到自己仿佛掉進了滔滔洪水之中, 不斷地下沉，很快，洪水的沖擊聲和咆哮聲以音樂的形式呈現(xiàn)在他的腦海里。

他意識到，久存于心中、卻始終未能譜寫成的《萊茵河的黃金》管弦樂前奏曲終于在他腦海里形成了。在這個事例中，意識在創(chuàng)作的時候對發(fā)現(xiàn)答案的實際過程一無所知。

作為對照，我們可以舉一個有名的事例，即法國偉大的數(shù)學家亨利·龐加萊發(fā)現(xiàn)被稱為富克斯函數(shù)的數(shù)學新方法的故事。

我們看到，在這位天才人物身上，意識活動事實上一直注視著潛意識所起的作用。一連幾個星期，他每天伏案工作，花上一兩個小時嘗試著大量的組合，但毫無結果。一天夜里，他一反常規(guī)，喝了些清咖啡，無法入睡。

許多想法在他腦子里不斷涌現(xiàn)；他幾乎能感覺到這些想法在相互碰撞，直到其中的兩個結合在一起，形成了一個穩(wěn)定的組合。

到了早晨，他已經確證了一類富克斯函數(shù)的存在。他只需去證明其結果，而這只需要幾個小時即可以解決。

在這件事中，我們看到意識一直注視著在潛意識中形成的新組合，而瓦格納的例子則顯示了一個新想法在意識中的突然迸發(fā)。笛卡爾23歲時所做過的、決定了他的人生道路的一些夢，可以作為第三種創(chuàng)造性經歷的例證。在這之前，笛卡爾一直在尋找確定性，先是在書本里，然后是在人群中，但均未成功。

然后，在1619年11月10日的一次睡夢中，他有了一個意義重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即確定性只存在于自己的思想中，“我思，故我在”。

這場夢使他充滿了強烈的宗教熱情。

瓦格納、龐加萊和笛卡爾的經歷代表了各個文化領域中無數(shù)其他的經歷。潛意識無疑是本能活動產生的源泉。

然而，在創(chuàng)造性思維過程中，正是潛意識使得相對無序的成分變成新的有序形式。Unit8b 客人已經到了, 但我又一次忘了把葡萄酒放進冰箱里?！皠e擔心，” 一位朋友說，“我馬上就能替你把酒冰好。”

五分鐘后，她拿著完全冰鎮(zhèn)好的葡萄酒從廚房走出來。

當被問到有什么秘訣時，她說：“我把葡萄酒倒進塑料袋里，再把袋子浸入冰水中?！?/p>

客人們鼓掌喝彩。

其中一個說，“要是我們大家都能這么聰明, 該多好啊!”

十年來的研究使我確信, 我們都能變得那樣聰明。

普通人與愛迪生、畢加索或者莎士比亞之間的差別不在于是否有創(chuàng)造力, 而在于是否有通過激發(fā)創(chuàng)造性靈感并將這種靈感付諸實踐來利用創(chuàng)造力的能力。

我們大多數(shù)人很少能充分發(fā)揮自己的創(chuàng)造潛力，可蘊藏在我們每個人大腦里的思想寶庫是能夠被開啟的。

下面介紹幾種提高創(chuàng)造力的具體方法。

捕捉稍縱即逝的想法。

好的想法就像兔子，會飛快地溜走，有時我們只能看到它的耳朵或者尾巴。所以, 要抓住它必須有所準備。

有創(chuàng)造力的人總是隨時準備采取行動——這也許是我們與這些人之間的唯一差別。

1821年，路德維?！し病へ惗喾以诮o朋友的一封信中談到他在馬車上打盹時想到了一首美妙的曲子，“可我一醒來, 那首曲子便無影無蹤了，我怎么也記不起來?！?/p>

好在當貝多芬第二天乘坐同一輛馬車時，那首曲子又回到了他的腦海，于是他把它記錄了下來，這對于貝多芬和我們都可謂是一件幸事。

有好主意的時候，把它寫下來——必要時就寫在手臂上。并非所有的想法都有價值, 但先捉住它, 以后再作評價。

冥思遐想。

畫家薩爾瓦多·達利經常手拿著勺子躺在沙發(fā)上。當他要入睡時，勺子就會掉到地板上的盤子里。

響聲會將他驚醒，他便立刻把在那個似睡非睡時的豐富世界里腦海中所浮現(xiàn)出來的眾多形象繪成草圖。人人都會經歷這種奇特的狀態(tài)，并可以加以利用。不妨試一試達利的方法或者干脆讓自己隨心所欲地遐想。

身處“三地”——床、浴室和公共汽車——常常會使你產生奇思妙想。只要你的思維不受干擾，你就會才思如泉涌。

尋找挑戰(zhàn)。

試一試邀請你生活中不同領域的朋友和商業(yè)伙伴來參加晚會。

把不同年齡、不同社會地位的人組合在一起，會促使你用新的方法來思考問題。

美國最具創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)明家之一埃德溫·蘭德說，使他產生發(fā)明寶麗來相機這一想法的是他三歲的女兒。1943年在去圣菲游覽時，女兒問他，為什么她無法看到他剛剛拍攝的照片。

在接下來的一小時里，蘭德一邊在圣菲游覽，一邊在腦中匯聚著他學過的所有化學知識。“照相機和膠片對于我變得清晰可見。在我的腦海里，它們如此真實，我用了好幾個小時琢磨它們?！?/p>

拓展你的視野。

許多理工和人文科學方面的發(fā)現(xiàn)都融合了不同領域中的思想。以“兩繩問題”為例。

兩根相距甚遠的繩子分別從天花板上垂下來。

盡管你無法同時夠到兩根繩子，但有沒有可能只用一把鉗子就把兩根繩子系到一起呢?

一位大學生把鉗子系到一根繩子上，然后讓它像鐘擺那樣擺動起來。在繩子來回擺動的時候，他迅速走到另一根繩子那兒，將其盡量向前拉。當擺動的繩子靠近他時，他把它抓住，然后將兩根繩子系到一起。

當被問到是如何取得成功時，這個大學生解釋道，他剛剛上完一堂有關擺動的物理課。他是把課堂上學到的知識應用到了一個完全不同的地方。

這個道理在其他方面也同樣有效。要提高創(chuàng)造力，就得學習新的知識。

如果你是銀行家，就學一學跳踢踏舞；如果你是護士，就學一學維他命療法。讀一本關于某一門新學科的書，不要總是讀同一家日報。

新的東西與舊的東西會以全新的、可能是非常誘人的方式結合起來。

要變得更有創(chuàng)造力意味著你得留心你那些無窮無盡的想法, 學會捕捉你腦子里的新東西，并將之付諸行動。Unit9a 一個大學教授的學生可能多達百人或百人以上，也可能少至三人。不管有多少學生，這當中總有一個學生與眾不同，甚至是出類拔萃。不管教授的問題有多艱深，這種學生似乎都知道該如何作答。而且不管要求什么時候交功課，他都能按時交，而且不犯一點錯誤。

你當然知道有這樣的學生，也許他會激起你心中的怨氣。

當然了，能成為這樣的人會是一件非常美妙的事情，但是因為不是你本人表現(xiàn)得那么優(yōu)秀，你拿不出高分，也不能游刃有余地完成作業(yè)，于是怨氣越積越多。你也許會自問：“為什么我就不能像那家伙一樣呢？為什么我就成不了出類拔萃的人呢？” 那我現(xiàn)在就告訴你，你能成為那樣的人。

作為一個大學生，我對好學生和差學生所體現(xiàn)出的不同之處非常感興趣。

我并沒有坐著不動，也沒有嫉恨好學生，相反，我決定以此為己任去調查是什么神秘的原因讓他們表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異。

在訪談了很多優(yōu)秀學生及其教授后，我通過分析得出了幾條建議，任何人都可以采納這幾條建議來激發(fā)自己身上的優(yōu)秀潛質，使自己更上一層樓。

第一條建議是：不要拖欠。

對于學習，開始動手就很難，但如果你想把三周的學習任務在一個周末就搞定，幾乎是不可能的。即使閱讀速度最快的人也難以完成。

再說了，如果該交的書面作業(yè)你拖欠了的話，就是老師后面收了也會扣你的分?；蛟S他根本就不接受遲交的作業(yè)。

大多數(shù)老師都認為，你應該有合理的學習計劃，并且要認真對待。不能處理好學習和時間問題的學生是難以有機會出頭的。

學習中的一個大問題就是如何應付大量的學習資料；東西太多了，你簡直不知道何從下手。很多人可能想從最容易的做起，然而，這種想法是錯誤的。得考慮換種方式。

應該總是從最困難的地方入手，先除掉攔路虎。也許這需要你投入更多的精力。

如果你開始就選擇從難的部分下手，你就會投入更多的精力。

如果任務個個都看起來一樣簡單（或困難），那就把最喜歡的留到最后做。

在十一點半的時候你會更愿意去閱讀那些聽起來都的確有趣的政治學文章，而不太情愿去學習法語不規(guī)則動詞，那任務讓人覺得十分枯燥，但又不能不做。完成困難的后再做有趣的會讓人覺得這是對自己的犒勞。這是第二條建議。

第三條建議跟考試有關。

盡管我們在學校里參加過千百次的考試，但我們卻很少停下來想想怎樣考好試。考試考得好的人并不是馬不停蹄做到底，見一個問題就答一個。首先，他們快速通讀試題。

接著，他們集中精力完成自己掌握得最好的部分，因為有自信，所以回答得也快。最后他們才處理有一定難度的問題。

對你來說，適應這一套應付考試的做法可能顯得怪異，但它確實會對你有好處。

這三條建議會讓你學業(yè)更加成功。

如果你問一下自己周圍表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異的同學，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的好點子。

要向他人學習，采用他們的方法來改善自己的學習狀況，這樣你肯定會提高自己的學業(yè)成績。過一段時間后，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，你自己就是一個“與眾不同”的人。然后你也會注意到其他學生正妒忌你或者想方設法去發(fā)現(xiàn)你的秘訣。Unit9b 這個問題無處不在。從走廊到校園的每個角落到處都能聽到這個問題。每個人都在問這個問題。它是新的流行詞匯，新的搭訕語，比“你是什么星座的？”用得還多。不過我卻難以作答。我討厭這個問題。

我的專業(yè)尚未確定，就跟那些尚在腹中剛剛開始孕育的嬰兒一樣。而且，按照我的態(tài)勢，我只能等著流產了?？粗晒┻x擇的專業(yè)目錄，我還是拿不定主意。我會因為猶豫不決而不得不退學嗎？

如果這個難題解決不了，我的生活會沒有了快樂嗎？

明天是確定專業(yè)的最后一天。最后一天哪！

其他每個人都在快樂地生活著，他們都選定了學習目標，憧憬著未來。這個決定實在是重大之極，我仍然沒有取得大的進展?！氨轮?，”朋友們會說，“你總還可以學商業(yè)”。

商業(yè)？我不干。我是個藝術家。寧死也不學商業(yè)。

實際上，我甚至連大學都可以不上，只要出去闖世界就行了，我出眾的技藝和能力很快就會得到認同。就在我命運即將被決定的前夜，我父母設宴款待他們的兩個朋友。

終于可以歇口氣了！

難道我父母的朋友會關心專業(yè)什么的？

我可以心平氣和地吃飯，可以暫時擺脫這個問題休息幾小時了。不過我錯了，他們談的內容都跟專業(yè)有關。

他倆都把自己的專業(yè)講給我聽，還對我該選什么專業(yè)發(fā)表意見。盡管如此，他們的建議根本不能讓我在選專業(yè)的道路上有任何進展，而是讓我更加糊涂。

我們的客人似乎都不太適合他們所選的工作。

就說艾爾肯斯醫(yī)生吧，他宣稱自己是外科手術專家，可連切肉都成問題。而艾伯森先生雖然是個海軍飛行員，卻連飯都喂不到嘴里去。他老是把飯往地板上掉。

我無法想象他開戰(zhàn)斗機的技術會是什么樣子。

飯吃完了，客人也離開了，夜更深了，而我的專業(yè)還是處于“未定”狀態(tài)。

我把專業(yè)目錄拿出來，又開始一頁頁地翻看起可選的專業(yè)來，這都翻得有上百萬次了。計算機？學計算機的人已經數(shù)不勝數(shù)了。漢語？

我倒是一直想去中國，但似乎我到中國也用不著學漢語專業(yè)，甚至也不需要流利地說漢語。機械？不。廣告？還是不行。真是沒指望了。

像其他大學生常常做的一樣，我決定只管睡上一陣子，只要早點醒來，我就能給這個巨難的問題找到答案。我也鬧不太清楚為什么大學生會認為他們的大腦在凌晨兩點到六點之間會發(fā)生特殊的處理過程，讓他們一下子把事情都弄清楚。

這辦法過去對我是管用的，但這次卻失效了。

實際上，跟其他大學生也常常可能遇到的情形一樣，我睡過頭了，早上10點才醒過來, 錯過了第一堂課──英語文學概況。我還有三個小時來決定將來致力于哪個工作，或者做隨便什么事情。我總還可以學商業(yè)。

在沖向學校的時候，我路過了一家電影院，那里正在上映《一次不夠》。這部電影取材于杰奎琳·蘇珊的暢銷小說，大衛(wèi)·簡森主演。等等！電影，我喜歡電影！

我可以學習電影專業(yè)。不行，沒有電影這個專業(yè)。

“但有電影制作專業(yè)”，我想起來了。就是它了！

我曾經迷茫，但現(xiàn)在我找回自我了。我有專業(yè)了！

十五年后，我想起了我那些朋友，他們當時確定了專業(yè)，滿懷信心地開始自己的大學生涯。

想起那些到處問“你學什么專業(yè)？”的朋友們，現(xiàn)在他們中極少有人從事自己當初所選專業(yè)方面的工作。我最后也沒有成為電影制作人。有時候我仍然感到自己專業(yè)“未定”。

只要你的大學生活是豐富多彩的，你學什么專業(yè)真的無關緊要。你要參加自己感興趣的活動，樂于了解這個世界。你有充足的時間來決定將來做什么工作。Unit10a 我祖父母認為，一個人要么誠實，要么不誠實，兩者之間沒有折中可言。

在他們起居室的墻上掛著一句樸實無華的格言：“生活如新雪覆蓋的大地，走過之處必定留下足跡。” 他們沒有必要去用語言作出解釋, 因為他們用自己的生活方式印證了這一真理。

他們生來就認為，所謂正直，就是有自己的道德界定標準，既不貪財圖利，也不因所處的環(huán)境而妥協(xié)。正直是判斷自身行為的心靈標尺。

遺憾的是，正直這一品格如今已不多見，而且越來越難尋覓了。

但它卻是社會各領域的真正基礎，也是我們必須要求自己遵循的一條原則。

檢驗這一價值觀的一個好辦法就是運用本人所說的“正直三角原則”，即下列三大原則：

在面對個人壓力的時候要堅定自己的信念。

有這樣一個故事，講的是一位外科護士第一天到一家知名醫(yī)院的醫(yī)療小組協(xié)助手術的故事。她的責任是確保將手術中的每樣手術器械和手術材料都如數(shù)清點好。

這位護士對主刀醫(yī)生說：“您只拿出了11塊止血紗布，而我們一共用了12塊。我們必須找到最后那一塊紗布?！?/p>

“我全拿出來了，” 外科醫(yī)生肯定地對她說?！艾F(xiàn)在開始縫合刀口?！?/p>

“您不能這樣做，先生，”護士堅決反對，“我們應該為病人著想?！?/p>

醫(yī)生露出了笑容，他抬起腳，讓護士看到了第12塊紗布。

“你在這家醫(yī)院或其他任何一家醫(yī)院都會干得很出色的。”他用肯定的語氣對她說。

所以，當你確信自己是正確的，就決不能讓步。

總是給予別人他們應得的表揚。

不要害怕那些主意比你妙甚至比你聰明的人。

戴維·奧格爾維是奧美廣告公司的創(chuàng)始人，他送給新任命的各部門主管每人一個俄羅斯套娃，每個套娃從大到小依次有五個娃娃，以此來說明這個道理。

最小的那個娃娃里面裝著奧格爾維要告訴他們的話：“如果我們每個人都聘用比我們小的人，那么我們的公司就會變成一個矮子公司。但是如果我們每個人都聘用比我們大的人，那么奧美廣告公司就會變成一家巨人公司?！?/p>

而奧美廣告公司后來真的變成了巨人——國際上規(guī)模最大、名望最高的廣告公司之一。

要誠實坦白地表現(xiàn)真正的自我。

缺乏實實在在內涵的人會去依靠外部因素——如長相或地位——來保持良好的自我感覺。他們必然會不擇手段地去維護自己的這種假面具，而不太會去努力提高自己的內涵和素質。

因此，要表現(xiàn)出真正的自我。

別去設法掩蓋生活中那些不盡人意的方面。

正如羅伯特·舒勒所說，“艱苦的時光終將過去，堅強的人必將苦盡甘來。” 換言之，要正視現(xiàn)實，要以成熟的心態(tài)去迎接生活的挑戰(zhàn)。

自尊和問心無愧是正直的兩個重要組成部分，也是加深你與他人關系的基礎。

為人正直意味著去做你應該做的事，因為那是對的，而不是因為合乎潮流或迎合了政治上的需要。在生活中如果能堅持原則，抵制住放松道德標準的種種誘惑，那你就會永遠立于不敗之地。這樣，你在跨入21世紀的時候，就不必為自己過去的所做所為而抱憾。這就是我祖父祖母教給我的做人的道理。Unit10b 對一代又一代的學生來說，寫學期論文即使不是最可怕的作業(yè)，也至少一直是讓他們頭疼和沮喪的主要原因。

但是對于那些可以上網(wǎng)的人來說，借助幾次鏈接就可以竊取到相關的資料。

當代學生若想抄襲學期論文，用不著費勁去查找。

他只要找對網(wǎng)址，就可以在那兒購買、預定或免費下載網(wǎng)上的論文。

例如在“大學關心網(wǎng)助研中心”就能辦到。

你想“寫”一篇關于“哈姆雷特所面臨的不可調和的道德困境”的論文嗎? 只要交上29.75美元，文章就歸你了。

對于那些覺得這還太貴的人來說，可以另覓他法。

“大學關心網(wǎng)”以每頁5.95美元的價格出售收錄在檔的現(xiàn)成論文，且“論文質優(yōu)價低”。這樣，對于那些在乎價格的學生來說，買上幾頁就可大功告成了。

“論文精粹”是另一個學生援助網(wǎng)站，它提供“優(yōu)質” 而“價廉”的學期論文?！白屇Q心、保您成功”，這是該網(wǎng)站向潛在客戶夸下的海口。

如果你實在太懶或實在太忙，沒時間寫學期論文，那么“論文精粹”時刻恭候著你。只要一次性交費9.95美元，你就能在一整學期看到別人的論文。

有的網(wǎng)址，如“學期論文大賣場”和“絕對免費：網(wǎng)上論文”免費提供課程論文。也就是說，只要你找到了想要的文章，你只需按一下鍵，然后下載即可。

當然，學生們對這些網(wǎng)上資源了如指掌，于是有人擔心，因特網(wǎng)一旦成為廣受歡迎的最佳學習工具，也可能會變成作弊的最佳輔助手段。

對于教師來說，他們面對的問題是要分辨學生是否是論文的真正作者。

不過，據(jù)簡·莫里森助教解釋，對于眼光敏銳的老師來說，這件事也許不太難。

“如果文章是來自因特網(wǎng)，學生會不敢正眼看我，他們會表現(xiàn)出不安，只是低頭看著自己的雙腳。而如果論文是自己一字一句寫出來的，這樣的學生能就自己的文章侃侃而談，而且敢正視我?！蹦锷f。

抄襲學期論文并不是什么新鮮事，多年來人們一直在用盜來的知識財富做交易。但是因特網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)提出了這樣一個問題：這種新技術是否在使作弊變得更為普遍?

伯克利大學的一位高級管理人員對此表示懷疑?！皩ο胍鞅椎膶W生來說，不管技術水平如何，他都會作弊。認為因特網(wǎng)這種新工具會提高作弊的發(fā)生率，我覺得這是一種偏激的觀點?！奔永铩h德曼說。

這一觀點得到了伯克利大學一位名叫阿里亞尼·徹諾克的研究生的支持。他說，學生們最終還是要靠自己來判斷怎樣做對自己最有利。

“這是個關乎誠實與否的問題。我們來這兒是學知識的，所以我們應該充分利用這個學習機會?！?/p>

再則，有創(chuàng)造力的教師可以布置出學生無法作弊的作業(yè)來。

“如果你布置的作業(yè)新穎獨特，比如學生們必須根據(jù)給定的內容寫一份講義、寫一個劇本，或用第一人稱寫一篇敘述文，那么你就能制止來路不正的作業(yè)?！眻D書館媒體教師萊斯利·法默如是說。

有的專家說，這種策略將從根本上迫使學生去更多地學習，而不只是下載網(wǎng)上的資料。

第三篇：新視野大學英語1教案

New Horizon College English 1.1

Unit 1 Preview The days of a “one-size-fits-all” education system have passed.Traditional classrooms no longer provide the only means of meeting one?s learning needs.Some students are taking courses online and finding advantages to this new way of learning.The number one advantage is that online learning is more convenient.Students can choose when and where they learn.Another advantage is that students do not feel intimidated by teachers who lack patience or by students with higher skill levels.Students can take time to think through answers before making a reply.There are still many advantages to the traditional classroom, ?out if a student studies well independently, he or she might do well to try learning online.Section A Pre-reading Activity The Internet may be able to help you overcome your frustrations with learning English.I started learning English when I was in junior middle school.I didn?t, however, gain command of the language in the classroom.It was only when I tried learning English through an online course that I finally became proficient.The online course was just as difficult as classroom study, but it provided better results.There were many other advantages to online learning as well.It taught me how to manage my time better to include my online studies in my busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.1.The speaker started to learn English when he was in junior middle school.He gained command of the language after he took English through an online course.2.Online learning has taught the speaker to better manage his time so that he could include his online studies in his busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.Text: Learning a Foreign Language

New Words

<1>reward vt.give sth.in return for good and valuable doings |獎賞；回報 He was rewarded handsomely for his efforts.|他的努力得到了可觀的回報。

It is often necessary to reward people for their hard work, if you want them to continue working hard for you.|如果你想要人們繼續(xù)努力工作，就有必要獎勵他們的工作。

n.|[C, U] sth.as a return for good and valuable doings |獎賞；回報

As a reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents.|因為通過了考試，父母獎勵給她一輛新自行車。

She got no reward for all the hard work she did.|她辛苦的工作并沒有得到嘉獎

<2>rewarding a.|giving sb.satisfaction, pleasure, or profit |值得做的，有益的，有意義的 Doing exercise can be very rewarding for everyone.|鍛煉身體對每個人都會有好處。She finds her career very rewarding.|她覺得自己的工作很有意義。

<3>frustrate

vt.1.cause sb.to have feelings of disappointment |使沮喪，使灰心

The lack of evidence in this case is frustrating the police.|警方因案件缺乏證據(jù)而感到傷腦筋。The difficulties of learning a new language frustrated the students who wanted to use the language right away.|學習一門新語言的困難使那些想立即使用那種語言的學生沮喪不已。

2.cause the failure of sth.|使挫敗，使受挫折

The bad weather frustrated our hopes of going out.|壞天氣使我們打消了外出的念頭。The police frustrated his attempt to escape.|警方挫敗了他逃跑的企圖。

<4>junior |a.|having a low position, level, or rank |（地位、水平、層次）較低的

She started work as a junior reporter on a local newspaper before working her way up to higher positions.|她從本地一家報社當初級記者干起，通過努力職位不斷上升。

Students spend six years in elementary education and three years in junior middle school.|學生在小學上六年，初中上三年。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is younger |年少者 He is my junior by several years.|他比我小幾歲。

She married a man seven years her junior.|她跟一個比自己小7歲的男人結了婚。

2.[C] sb.of low or lower position |（地位或等級）較低者；晚輩

She joined the firm a year ago and is now my junior.|她一年前到公司工作，現(xiàn)在是我的下屬。

The senior officer should have been aware of what his juniors were doing.|那位上司早該清楚自己下屬的所作所為。

<5>positive |a.|1.helpful and encouraging in achieving sth.|積極的

Everyone went to Mary for advice, because Mary was known for having a positive attitude and being able to make other people feel good.|大家都向瑪麗討教，因為眾所周知她總是態(tài)度積極, 會使大家感覺良好。

We need to take positive steps to improve the situation of families in poverty.|我們必須采取積極措施改善貧困家庭的處境。

2.definite;allowing no room for doubt |確實的，明確的

It seems unlikely to me, but she seemed very positive.|這在我看來是不可能的，但她卻非?？隙?。

I'm absolutely positive I haven't made a mistake.|我沒有錯，這一點我絕對肯定。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is older |較年長者

Seniors can get a 10% discount in this department store.|老人在該百貨店可得到九折的優(yōu)惠。Her husband was nine years her senior.|她丈夫比她大9歲。

2.[C] sb.of high or higher position |（地位或等級）較高者；長輩 Only the seniors made the decisions among us.|在我們中間只有年資較高的人才有決定權。The three vice ministers are my seniors.|三位副部長都是我的上司。

<7>former |a.|of an earlier period |在前的，以前的，舊時的

In former times, people were hanged for stealing in Britain.|以前，在英國小偷被處以絞刑。

The park has been reduced to half its former size.|公園的規(guī)模已被縮減到以前的一半大了。

n.|(the ~)the first of the two people or things just mentioned |前者

Between small changes and big changes, the former is more likely.|在小變化和大變化兩者之中，前者的可能性更大。

Given the choice between a white T-shirt and a green one, most people would choose the former because green is not popular.|如果讓大家選擇是要白T恤還是綠T恤，大多數(shù)會選擇前者，因為綠色不流行。

<8>unlike |prep.|not like;different from |不像；和...不同

He was firm and steady unlike other men she knew.|他堅毅、穩(wěn)健，跟她認識的其他男人不一樣。

Her recent report is quite unlike her earlier work.|她最近的報告與以前的大不相同。

<9>intimidate |vt.|create a feeling of fear |恐嚇，威脅

They intimidated him into doing what they wanted.|他們脅迫他干他們要干的事。

John intimidated his brother into not telling their parents the truth.|約翰威脅他弟弟，不準他把真相告訴父母。

<10>opportunity |n.|[C, U] a good moment or chance for doing sth.|機會，時機

He loved music, but because his family was poor, he didn't have an opportunity to take lessons.|他喜愛音樂，但因家里太窮，他沒有機會去學。

All he needs is an opportunity to show his ability.|他需要的只是展現(xiàn)自己才能的機會。

<11>online |a.|connected to other computers through the Internet |聯(lián)線的；聯(lián)網(wǎng)的；在線的

He took an online course to improve his English.|他選了網(wǎng)上課程以提高英語水平。The result of the online survey has proved to be positive.|在線調查結果證明是積極的。

ad.|doing sth.online |聯(lián)線地；聯(lián)網(wǎng)地

I'll just go online and look up her address.|我剛好要上網(wǎng)查她的地址。

Today more than 80% of customer's questions are answered online.| 現(xiàn)今，顧客80%以上的咨詢都給予在線答復。

<12>communication |n.|[U] the action of sending and exchanging information |交流；交際；通訊

Mobile phone is an important means of communication.|手機是重要的通訊工具。

Generation gap arises from a lack of communication between the young and the old.|代溝的產生是由于青老年間缺乏交流。

a.|of middle size, amount, or quality |中等的

They have a medium-sized house in the heart of the city.|他們在市中心有幢中等大小的房子。

What size shirt does he wear—medium or large? |他適合穿哪個尺碼的襯衣——大號還是中

號？

<14>modem |n.|[C] |調制解調器

He forgot to get a modem when he bought his computer.|他買計算機時忘記拿調制解調器了。A modem is necessary for connecting to the Internet.|連接因特網(wǎng)必須用調制解調器。

<15>access |n.|1.[U] the right to have or use sth.|享用權

The people in the school have access to that computer lab for free.|這個學校里的人可以免費使用那間電腦室。

Students have access to many different courses to satisfy their individual interests and career plans.|學生可以選擇多種課程以滿足他們的個人興趣和職業(yè)規(guī)劃。

2.[U] the means of entering a place |通道；入口 That is the only access into the building.|這是通向大樓的唯一通道。

The road was the only access into and out of the small village.|這條路是進出這個小村子的唯一通道。

<16>participate |vi.|take part |參與，參加

Some members refused to participate.|有些成員拒絕參加。

Only persons aged 8 years or over may participate in the spelling contest.|只有年滿8歲或8歲以上的人才可參加拼寫比賽。

<17>virtual |a.|1.created by the computer to be similar to the experience of real life |虛擬的

This device helps make virtual reality a more usable and accessible technology.|該設備有助于提高虛擬現(xiàn)實技術的實用性和易用性。

Their recent online studies began with an introduction to the demands of the virtual classroom.|他們新近的在線研究是以對虛擬教室需求介紹開始的。

2.almost what is stated |實質上的；實際上的

It is a virtual certainty that you will become the best student in this class;you've always been the best in everything.|事實上已肯定你將是班上最好的學生；你一直在各方面都是最棒的。Finding a parking space in the busy season is a virtual impossibility.|想在旺季找到停車位是不現(xiàn)實的。

<18>commitment |n.1.[U] the hard work and loyalty that sb.gives to an organization, activity, etc.|投入, 致力，獻身

My commitment to study has made me the most successful person in my small town.|我對學習的投入使我成為小鎮(zhèn)上最成功的人。

It's a part-time program, but it's still a big time commitment.|這雖然不是個全職項目，但卻需要投入大量的時間。

2.[C] a promise to follow certain beliefs or actions |承諾，許諾，保證 Marriage is a lifelong commitment.|婚姻是終生的承諾。

The governor has made a strong commitment to creating more jobs in the state.|州長信誓旦旦地保證要給州里創(chuàng)造更多工作機會。

2.[C] a branch of learning |學科

She has not yet decided which discipline to take at college, but she might study history.|她沒有決定在大學選修哪門學科，但她可能學歷史。

The traditional academic disciplines are less popular among students, who now prefer subjects such as business studies.|傳統(tǒng)的學術科目受學生歡迎的程度有所降低，而今工商類的課程更受他們青睞。

<20>minimum |a.|the least, or the smallest possible |最低的，最小的 The minimum age to buy cigarettes is 18.|購買香煙最低年齡是18歲。

The minimum amount of money to open an account at that bank is ten dollars.|在那個銀行開戶至少要有10美元。

n.|[sing.] the smallest amount |最低限度；最少量 You have to stay for a minimum of seven days.|你起碼要呆上7天。

The price is her minimum;she refuses to lower it any more.|這是她開的最低價，她拒絕再降價。

<21>assignment |n.|[C] a piece of work given to a particular person |任務；作業(yè)

Half the workers were given different assignments.|有一半的工人被分配到不同的任務中。The teacher asked her students to finish their assignments every day.|老師要求學生每天完成作業(yè)。

<22>embarrass |vt.|make sb.feel ashamed, nervous, or uncomfortable |使尷尬，使難堪 Getting up on stage without knowing what to say embarrassed me.|上臺不知道說什么使我感到尷尬。

I hope I didn't embarrass you in front of your friends.|但愿我沒有讓你在朋友面前感到尷尬。

<23> embarrassing a.|making sb.feel embarrassed |使人尷尬的；令人難堪的 Don't ask me such embarrassing questions.|別問我這種尷尬的問題。The situation is embarrassing.|這種情形令人很尷尬。

<24>frustration n.[C, U] the feeling of being disappointed, annoyed, or upset |沮喪；不安；灰心

Poetry helps me express some of the frustrations I feel at the world.|詩歌一定程度上表達了我對世事的挫折感。

I was close to tears with frustration while trying to complete the difficult math exam, but I held back.|數(shù)學考試很難，做題時我沮喪得差點掉淚，但還是忍住了。

<25>post |vt.|put up sth.on a screen, wall, or notice board |發(fā)帖子；張貼

Could you photocopy the advertisement and post it on the notice board for us? |你能不能幫我們把廣告復印一份貼到公告欄里？

They post notices on the Internet, recommending that all users, whether frequent or casual, have

their disks checked.|他們在網(wǎng)上貼出通知，告誡所有用戶檢查自己的軟盤。

<26>continual |a.|1.continuing without stopping |不間斷的，不停的 The continual noise is making me angry.|噪音不斷，我很生氣。

Despite continual pain, he refused all drugs.|盡管疼痛不止，他仍然拒絕使用任何藥物。

2.happening again and again |多次重復的；頻繁的

There have been continual requests for improved working conditions.|人們不斷要求改善工作環(huán)境。

The continual news reports about the economy have scared many manufacturers.|有關經濟狀況的頻繁新聞報道使很多生產廠家擔心不已。

<27>continually ad.1.continuing for a long time without stopping |不間斷地，不停地 The Museum is continually developing—there's something new to see every year.|博物館不斷地擴展——年年都可看到新東西。

No matter how hard you try not to think about past failures, they continually cross your mind.|不管你怎樣努力不去想以往的失敗，這些事老在心頭縈繞。

2.repeatedly for many times and over a long period of time |多次重復地;頻頻地 The child was continually changing his mind.|小孩的想法老是在變。

<28>reap vt.1.get sth., esp.sth.good, as a result of what one has done|獲得，得到

Now they have come to reap the benefits of their hard work.|現(xiàn)在他們該摘取他們的勞動成果了。

Those who take risks often reap great rewards.|肯冒風險，才有大收獲。

2.cut and gather a crop of grain |收割；收獲

The women were all out reaping the fields.|婦女們都出去收割莊稼了。

Summer is the time for reaping a harvest of fruits and vegetables.|夏天是收獲水果和蔬菜的季節(jié)。

<29>benefit n.[C] anything that brings help or profit |益處，好處

Some countries offer newcomers many benefits, such as job training and language lessons.|有些國家為初來者提供許多優(yōu)惠，如工作培訓和語言課程。

Tourism has brought many benefits to the area.|旅游業(yè)給這個地區(qū)帶來了豐厚的收益。

v.be useful or helpful to |有益于

The new teaching program will benefit many students.|這個新的教學項目會使許多學生受益。He expects stocks to continue to rise higher, benefiting from falling interest rates.|他指望股票還能持續(xù)漲高，這樣就可從下跌利率中賺上一把。

<30>insight n.[C, U] an accurate or deep understanding of sth.|洞悉；深刻的見解 The lecture provides new insights into the way we process language.|這次講座使我們對語言處理有了新的認識。

Her research has given us some insight into what sparks a child's curiosity.|她的研究使我們對誘發(fā)孩子好奇心的因素有所了解。

<31>communicate vi.exchange feelings, opinions, or information with other people |交

流；交際

He is slow in speaking and cannot communicate with other people very well.|他說話慢慢吞吞，與人交流能力比較差。

They couldn't communicate in writing, because William was illiterate.|他們不能書信交流，因為威廉不識字。

vt.|make(opinions, feelings, or information)known or understood by others |傳達；傳播

Our teachers communicate their ideas very clearly.|我們的老師表達思想非常清楚。She tried to communicate her fears to her mother.|她盡力向母親表明自己的擔憂。

<32>favorite a.(BrE favourite)best liked or most enjoyed |最喜歡的

Of the many colors in nature, red is my favorite color because it is the most beautiful.|在自然界的諸多顏色中，我最喜歡紅色，它最美。

Most people at the stadium will be cheering on their favorite players.|在運動場上，大多數(shù)人都會為自己喜愛的運動員加油。

n.|[C] sb.or sth.that is loved above all others |特別喜愛的人或物 I like all her books but this is my favorite.|她寫的書我都喜歡，但最喜歡這本。

Conflicts in the home often result from one child being thought of as his parents' favorite.|父母視其中一個孩子為掌上明珠常會引發(fā)家庭沖突。

<33>gap n.[C] a big difference between two amounts, situations, or groups of people|差距；分歧

There's a ten-year gap between Kay's two children.|凱的兩個小孩年齡相差10歲。

The age gap between us didn't seem to matter until we decided to have children.|在我們決定要孩子以前，年齡差距對我們似乎沒什么影響。

Phrases and Expressions

<34>at times

|sometimes but not usually |有時，偶爾

He used to go to the theater at times.|他以前偶爾會去看看戲。At times he feels that he wants to leave his job.|有時他真想辭職。

<35>be worth sth./doing sth.|be rewarding enough for the time, effort, money, etc.|值得...的

The watch is worth more than the price.|這表的價值超出標價。

Doing morning exercises is worth the time.|花點時間做早操是值得的。

<36>not only...but also...|不僅...而且...Not only did I find the game very boring, but I also felt it was meaningless.|我覺得這場比賽非常枯燥而且沒什么意義。

Not only the story is interesting to us but also the English is good for us to learn.|這故事不僅有趣，而且其英語地道，值得一學。

<37>far from

| not...at all;rather than |一點都不

The composition is far from perfect.|這篇作文太糟了。

I know he was hurt, but he was far from being the person who was hurt most.|我知道他受了傷害，但他還不是受傷害最深的人。

<38>a couple of| two;a small number of |兩個；一些，幾個

I will need a couple of minutes to complete the report to my boss.|我還需要幾分鐘時間完成給老板的報告。

I met him a couple of times last year.|去年我遇見過他幾次。

<39>get/have/obtain access to

|have the right to have or use sth.|有權享用；可以使用 People living here have access to that swimming pool for free.|住在這里的人可以免費去那個游泳池游泳。

If I could get access to the head offices, I could tell the management my new ideas about how to improve this company.|如果我可以到總部辦公室去，我就能向管理部門提出改善公司狀況的新主意。

<40>participate in

|take part in |參加

We are expected to participate actively in English class.|我們要積極參與英語課的活動。

She participated in several sports in senior middle school.|在高中時，她參加過好幾項運動項目。

<41>keep up with

|keep the same speed as |趕上；不落后

The small child had to run in order to keep up with his brother.|這小孩為了趕上他哥哥只好跑了起來。

I'm having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.|我要趕上班上其他人還有困難。

<42>feel like sth./doing sth.|want to have or do sth.|想要；想做 I feel like a cup of tea.|我想要杯咖啡。

I just don't feel like doing anything tonight.|今晚我什么事情都不想干。

<43>give up |stop doing or stop trying to do sth.|停止，放棄

My teacher told me not to give up no matter how difficult things become.|老師要我無論如何困難都不要放棄。

I've given up trying to get her to change her mind.|我已不再爭取讓她改變主意。

<44>think out |consider all the aspects and details of sth.before doing it |仔細考慮；推敲；琢磨

I need time to think things out.|我需要時間好好想一下。

She hadn't thought out what she was going to say at the party.|她還沒有想清楚自己在聚會上要說些什么。

<45>come across |meet, find, or discover sb.or sth.by chance |偶然遇到；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn) I've never come across anyone like her father before.|我從來沒有遇到像她父親那樣的人。While I was cleaning the house, I came across some old baby pictures of my father that I had

never seen before.|在打掃房間時，我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾張我父親還是嬰兒時的老照片，這些照片我過去從未見過。

<46>reap the benefit(s)|get sth.as a reward for sth.done |獲得益處，得到好處

Only a part of the people have reaped the benefits from the new policy.|只有一部分人從新政策中受益。

But the teenagers should reap the benefits of a more personal, better-run service.|然而青少年應該享受到更加個性化、實施質量更好的服務。

<47>trade for |exchange for |用...換...I traded my old car for a new one.|我把舊車換成了新車。

In order to pay off his debts, he had to trade his piano for money.|為了還債，他只好把鋼琴拿去換錢。

<48>give sb.insight(s)into |give sb.a deep understanding of sth.|深刻理解

The discussion gave us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.|這場討論使我們對當前經濟危機的原因有了真正的認識。

The story gave us insight into his determination to win and his desire to become the best.|這件事使我們對他決心獲勝、渴望完美的心情有了深刻的認識。

<49>now that

|because of sth.or as a result of sth.|既然，由于

Now that you have come, you may stay here.|你既然來了，就留在這里吧。

Now that we know each other better, we get along fine.|既然大家相互了解更深了，相處也就融洽了。

<50>instead of |而不是；代替

They raised prices and cut production instead of cutting costs.|他們又是提價，又是減產，卻沒有降低成本。

He took English as his major instead of Japanese.|他選擇學英語，而沒選日語。

<51>reach out to |communicate with;contact |接觸，聯(lián)系

Online learning helps us reach out to new friends.|網(wǎng)絡學習使我們接觸新朋友。

I realized at the same time he was reaching out to me；he was also asking for help.|我同時也察覺到他正在聯(lián)系我；他在尋求幫助。

學外語

學習外語是我一生中最艱苦也是最有意義的經歷之一。雖然時常遭遇挫折，但卻非常有價值。

我學外語的經歷始于初中的第一堂英語課。老師很慈祥耐心，時常表揚學生。由于這種積極的教學方法，我踴躍回答各種問題，從不怕答錯。兩年中，我的成績一直名列前茅。

到了高中后，我渴望繼續(xù)學習英語。然而，高中時的經歷與以前大不相同。以前，老師對所有的學生都很耐心，而新老師則總是懲罰答錯的學生。每當有誰回答錯了，她就會

用長教鞭指著我們，上下?lián)]舞大喊：“錯！錯！錯！”沒有多久，我便不再渴望回答問題了。我不僅失去了回答問題的樂趣，而且根本就不想再用英語說半個字。

好在這種情況沒持續(xù)多久。到了大學，我了解到所有學生必須上英語課。與高中老師不同，大學英語老師非常耐心和藹，而且從來不帶教鞭！不過情況卻遠不盡如人意。由于班大，每堂課能輪到我回答的問題寥寥無幾。上了幾周課后，我還發(fā)現(xiàn)許多同學的英語說得比我要好得多。我開始產生一種畏懼感。雖然原因與高中時不同，但我卻又一次不敢開口了。

看來我的英語水平要永遠停步不前了。

直到幾年后我有機會參加遠程英語課程，情況才有所改善。這種課程的媒介是一臺電腦、一條電話線和一個調制解調器。我很快配齊了必要的設備并跟一個朋友學會了電腦操作技術，于是我每周用5到7天在網(wǎng)上的虛擬課堂里學習英語。

網(wǎng)上學習并不比普通的課堂學習容易。它需要花許多的時間，需要學習者專心自律，以跟上課程進度。我盡力達到課程的最低要求，并按時完成作業(yè)。

我隨時隨地都在學習。不管去哪里，我都隨身攜帶一本袖珍字典和筆記本，筆記本上記著我遇到的生詞。我學習中出過許多錯，有時是令人尷尬的錯誤。有時我會因挫折而哭泣，有時甚至想放棄。但我從未因別的同學英語說得比我快而感到畏懼，因為在電腦屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根據(jù)自己的需要花時間去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我說起英語來靈活自如。盡管我還是常常出錯，還有很多東西要學，但我已嘗到了刻苦學習的甜頭。

學習外語對我來說是非常艱辛的經歷，但它又無比珍貴。它不僅使我懂得了艱苦努力的意義，而且讓我了解了不同的文化，讓我以一種全新的思維去看待事物。學習一門外語最令人興奮的收獲是我能與更多的人交流。與人交談是我最喜歡的一項活動，新的語言使我能與陌生人交往，參與他們的談話，并建立新的難以忘懷的友誼。由于我已能說英語，別人講英語時我不再茫然不解了。我能夠參與其中，并結交朋友。我能與人交流，并能夠彌合我所說的語言和所處的文化與他們的語言和文化之間的鴻溝。Exercises IX.1．我永遠都不會忘記那位老師，是他告訴我學外語是有趣的、有價值的。如果沒有他，我的英語說得不會像現(xiàn)在這樣好。

2．沒有任何其他語言能像英語那樣讓你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了過硬的英語知識，你就可以體驗奇妙的文化之旅。

3．寫作不僅僅要寫老師布置的話題，而且要寫自己感興趣的東西，例如，給朋友寫電子郵件。

4．遠程教學課程是指授課者與學生通過計算機通信技術進行交流的課程。

5．語不但是世界上最有用的語言，也是世界上最易學、易用的語言之一。

6．遠程教學課程在時間安排止給予學生更多的自由，但與其他課程比，這些課程要求學生有更強的自律能力。XI．

The topic of the paragraph-My learning experience in junior middle school.The cause: I had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students.The effect:I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes.I was at the top of my class for two years.XII.I am proud to say that I succeeded in learning a foreign language.It was a real challenge and, needless to say,it took a lot of practice.I carried a small dictionary with me everywhere I went as well as a notebook in which I listed new words I came across.I also managed my time carefully so that I met the standards of the course and finished assignments on time.After years of persistence, I reaped the benefits of all my hard work.Section B Reading Skills: Finding Out Word Meanings Text: Keys to Successful Online Learning

New Words

<1>community n.1.[C] a group of people who have the same interests, religion, race, etc.|團體；界

There are four ways you can help provide this important service to our academic community.你可以通過四種方式協(xié)助向我們學會提供這項重要服務。

According to Mr.Ellison, business online will quickly evolve into a Web-based business community.|艾立森先生認為，網(wǎng)上交易會很快演變?yōu)榛诰W(wǎng)絡的商務社團。

2.[C] the people who live in the same area, town, etc.|社區(qū)居民；社區(qū)

The murder has shocked the local community who never expected such a thing to happen in their small town.|這樁兇殺案讓當?shù)鼐用窈苷痼@, 他們誰都沒想到在這小鎮(zhèn)上會發(fā)生這樣的事。They made regulations to better manage the community.|他們確立規(guī)章制度，以更好地管理社區(qū)。

<2>expand v.make or become larger in size, number, or amount |（使）變大；（使）擴張；（使）膨脹

Ever since he started school, he has tried to expand his mind with new information.|從開始上學起，他就想用新知識充實頭腦。

Pepsi has aggressive plans to expand overseas.|百事可樂雄心勃勃，計劃拓展海外市場。

<3>aware

a.having knowledge or understanding |意識到的；知道的

New babies are sometimes not aware of other people.|新生兒有時意識不到他人的存在。We were not aware of the rain until we went outside.|直到我們走出門才意識到下雨了。

<4>unique a.1.unusually good and special |極不尋常的，極好的

We have developed a unique method for preparing beef.|我們發(fā)明了一種加工牛肉的好方法。The exhibition provided a unique opportunity to see the artist's work.|這次展覽是一次欣賞該藝術家作品的好機會。

2.being the only one of its type |唯一的，獨特的，獨一無二的 The music is unique to that country.|這是那個國家特有的音樂。

Each person's fingerprints are unique.|每個人的指紋都是獨一無二的。

<5>ideal a.1.the best or most suitable that sth.could possibly be |最好的；理想的 An ideal place for a home would be near a park.|理想的家居應靠近公園。

I'm afraid the working conditions here are far from ideal.|恐怕這里的工作條件不夠理想。

2.as good as one can imagine, but not likely to be real |想象的；理想化的 The ideal design would never be put into practice.|脫離實際的設計永遠不會付諸實施。Plato dreamed of an ideal society.|柏拉圖夢想有一個理想社會。

<6>forum n.[C] a place where people publicly discuss sth.|論壇；討論會

The association began as a forum for sharing ideas about management problems.|那個協(xié)會開始時是個論壇，交流關于管理方面的問題。

It also provided a forum for the latest research results.|它還為最新研究成果提供了一個論壇。

<7>remove vt.1.get rid of sth.so that it does not exist any longer|消除 I can't remove this stain from the carpet.|我去不掉地毯上的污漬。

It would be best for the government to remove, rather than reduce, the tax burden placed on poor farmers.|最好是由政府免除貧困農民的繳稅負擔，而不是減輕負擔。

2.take sth.away from the place where it is |移開，挪走 Tom paused to remove his sunglasses.|湯姆略作停頓，取下了太陽鏡。

Remove the pot from the heat and allow it to cool.|把罐子從火上拿開，使其冷卻。

<8>visual a.relating to seeing |視覺的

Children learn to read by understanding visual symbols.|兒童是通過理解視覺符號來學會閱讀的。

Even if you don't buy anything, shopping is enjoyable for the visual experience alone.|你就是不買東西，逛逛商場也大飽眼福。

<9>barrier n.[C] sth.that prevents sb.from doing sth., or limits what they can do 障礙 Dance is an entertainment without a language barrier.|舞蹈是一種沒有語言障礙的娛樂形式。A lack of education is a barrier to a good job.|受教育程度不夠是找好工作的一大障礙。

<10>hinder vt.make it difficult for sb.to do sth., or for sth.to develop |阻礙，妨礙，阻止 The high cost of the vaccine has severely hindered its use.|疫苗價格昂貴嚴重影響了它的使用。The project has been somewhat hindered by financial restraints and much remains to be done.|項目在一定程度上受到資金限制，許多事仍然沒做。

<11>addition

n.1.[U] the act of adding sth.to sth.else |添加

The addition of more meat into my diet has caused me to gain weight.|在飲食中添加肉食使我體重增加。

In 1987, the house was rebuilt with the addition of a second floor.|1987年房子翻修了一次，增加了一個樓層。

2.[C] sth.that is added to sth.else |增加物

A bottle of wine would make a pleasant addition to the meal.|這頓飯要再有一瓶葡萄酒可就錦上添花了。

Additions are made to the name list from time to time.|那份名單在不斷進行補充。

<12>reflect v.1.think quietly and deeply |深思，考慮，反省

Things were very different before the war, he reflected.|他想，戰(zhàn)前的局勢真是大不一樣。She reflected for a moment and then decided to change her mind about getting married at such a young age.|她考慮了一陣子，最后決定改變主意, 不那么年輕就結婚。

2.show or be a sign of a particular situation or feeling |反映, 體現(xiàn) After listening to her friends, she believed that their anger did not reflect their real attitudes.|聽了朋友的話后，她相信他們生氣并不說明他們的真正態(tài)度。

His ideas reflected the influence of his family background.|他的想法反映了家庭背景的影響。

<13>environment|n.[C, U] the physical and social conditions in which people live |環(huán)境；周邊狀況；自然環(huán)境

Do girls learn better in an all-female environment? |女孩在純女性的環(huán)境下學習狀況是否會更好呢？

It's not a very safe environment for children there.|兒童處在那樣的環(huán)境下不太安全。

<14>critical

a.|1.very important |極為重要的，關鍵性的

His help is critical to our success.|他的幫助對我們的成功非常關鍵。

Practice is a critical factor in learning a language.|練習是學習一門語言的關鍵因素。

2.giving a careful judgment of the qualities of sth.|評論的

His assignment was to write a 20-page critical review of Jane Austin.|他的作業(yè)是寫一篇20頁的文章評論簡·奧斯汀。

He made a critical analysis of the event.|他對這一事件作了評論性的分析。

<15>perspective|n.|[C] a way of thinking about sth.|視角；觀點

Lawyers and economists often approach problems from different perspectives.|律師與經濟學家看待問題的角度往往是不同的。

We must look at the problem in the right perspective if we are to make positive change in the way we do things.|如果要積極地改變我們做事的辦法, 必須以正確的眼光看待這個問題。

<16>peer n.[C] a person of the same age, class, or position |同齡人；同等地位的人 The boy was popular with his peers.|那個男孩很受同齡人的歡迎。

American children did not do as well in math as their peers in China.|美國兒童在數(shù)學方面的表現(xiàn)不如中國兒童。

<17>instruct vt.1.teach sb.sth., or show them how to do sth.|教育，指導

Without anyone to instruct me on values, I learned the difference between right and wrong by myself.|沒有人教，我自己就學會了判斷價值的正誤。

He was sent to instruct the workers in operating the new machine.|他被派去教工人們操作新機器。

2.officially tell sb.what to do |指示，命令；通知

Tourists are instructed not to take pictures inside the building.|游客被告知樓內禁止拍照。The manager instructed his secretary to cancel all his appointments.|經理要秘書取消他所有的預約。

<18> instructor |n.|[C] a teacher |教師；指導者

He worked as a dance instructor in London.|他在倫敦擔任舞蹈教師。

Teaching methods and techniques may vary by instructors.|教授方法和技巧因教師而異。

<19>arise vi.(arose, arisen)1.come into being;appear;happen|出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生

What can teachers do when legal problems arise? |如果出現(xiàn)法律問題，老師們能做些什么呢？ All staff members are expected to work overtime, if the need arises.|如果有需要，全體員工都要加班工作。

2.(from)come from |（由...）引起，（由...）產生

Errors and mistakes often arise from poor judgment.|差錯與過失往往來自于判斷失誤。The civil war arose from the social injustices present in the country.|內戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)是因為該國存在社會不公現(xiàn)象。

<20>absolute a.complete or total|完全的；十足的

There was absolute certainty in his voice and no doubt about the actions he should take next.|他的口氣絕對的肯定，下一步怎么辦是不容置疑的。

He has absolute confidence in what was about to happen.|他對即將發(fā)生的事完全有信心。

<21>

absolutely ad.completely and in every way|完全地；十足地

This statement should be absolutely clear in the minds of everyone concerned and should not be misunderstood under any circumstances.|所有相關人員必須對該聲明做到心中完全有數(shù)，在任何情況下都不允許曲解。

The work of the sales team was absolutely critical to the mission of the company.|銷售組的工作對完成公司的任務至關重要。

<22>explicit

a.expressed in a clear and direct way |清楚的；直截了當?shù)?/p>

He's not being very explicit about his plans, is he? |他對他的計劃有意含糊其辭，是嗎？

Mr.Smith left explicit instructions that he wasn't to be disturbed.|史密斯先生明確指示不允許任何人打擾他。

<23>comment n.[C] an opinion about sb.or sth.|意見；評論

The author gives useful comment on many of the ideas discussed.|作者對于許多議題都給予了有用的意見。

He was new to the team and wasn't sure whether or not he should give his comments on their direction.|他是新來的，不知道是否應該對他們的指示發(fā)表意見。

vi.express an opinion about sb.or sth.|評論

Officials for those companies refused to comment on this issue.|負責那些公司事務的官員拒絕對此事發(fā)表評論。

I am in no position to comment on the matter.|我無權對此事發(fā)表評論。

<24>reinforce vt.make sth.stronger |強化；加固

Cultural and family values often reinforce traditional beliefs.|文化和家庭價值觀往往強化傳統(tǒng)信仰。

When the wall began to fall apart, it became clear that somebody should reinforce it with new materials.|大墻開始倒塌，顯然要用新材料來加固。

<25>requirement|n.sth.that is needed or necessary |要求；要求的東西

I knew that concentration was the first requirement for learning.|我知道專心致志是學習的首要條件。

The faculty agreed on a change in the requirements.|系里同意對要求進行修改。

<26>likely ad.probably |可能地

He very likely does not understand the nature of the risk that he describes.|他很有可能并不理解自己所談的風險的實質。

Profit will most likely have risen by about $25 million.|利潤極有可能要增加2,500萬美元左右。

a.probably going to happen, or probably true |可能的；有希望的 It is likely that investors will face losses.|投資者有可能受到損失。

An unsuitable bed is the most likely cause of back trouble.|背部的不適極有可能是因為床鋪選用不當。

<27>commit vt.1.decide to use for a particular purpose |使用；用于

They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poor nations.|他們呼吁西方國家向貧窮國家投入更多資金。

A lot of money and time has been committed to this project.| 大量資金和時間都已投入到該項目。

2.do sth.wrong or illegal |犯（錯誤、罪行等）；干（蠢事、壞事等）The crime had been committed in cold blood.|這宗犯罪真是殘酷。

He said this was the worst mistake that he had ever committed.|他說這是他犯的最大的錯誤。

<28>assimilate vt.take in new ideas, information, etc.| 吸收，理解，掌握 It will take time to assimilate all these new ideas.|消化吸收這些新想法需要時間。

The person we are looking for must be flexible, creative, and able to assimilate new ideas.|我們在物色的人必須能隨機應變，有創(chuàng)造力，能吸收新想法。

<29>provide

vt.give sth.to sb.or make sth.available to sb.|提供

New Horizon College English provides a new way of learning English and its Web site is definitely worth visiting.| 新視野大學英語教材為英語學習提供了新模式，其網(wǎng)站無疑值得訪問。

The money will be used to provide the school with new computer equipment.|這筆資金將用于為學校添置新的計算機設備。

<30>input n.[U] information or some other kinds of resources that are put in/into |輸入；投入

Any information that you put into a computer is taken as input.|輸進計算機的任何信息均被視為輸入。

Almost everyone involved had some input into what went wrong, so they should all share the

blame.|幾乎所有人都參與了，所以都要對出現(xiàn)的錯誤承擔一定責任。

<31>essential a.completely necessary |必不可少的，非常重要的 It is essential to remember every detail.|記住每個細節(jié)非常重要。

Summarize your essential points on one page.|把你的要點總結在一張紙上。

n.[C](usu.pl.)sth.necessary |要素；要點 the essentials of English grammar |英語語法要點

Details may hide the essentials.|細節(jié)會使要點難以辨認。

<32>challenge vt.1.question the rightness of sth.|質疑，對...表示懷疑

They challenged the authority of what he said.|他們對其發(fā)言的權威性提出了質疑。

Six states have challenged the law in federal court.|有六個州已就該法律向聯(lián)邦法院提出質疑。

2.invite sb.to compete against oneself |向...挑戰(zhàn)

To prove that he was faster than his friend, John challenged him to a race.|為了證明他比他的朋友跑得快，約翰提出與他賽跑。

Growing forces of opposition are challenging this government.|反對派力量不斷增長，對這屆政府正形成威脅。

n.[C, U] sth.that needs a lot of skill, effort and determination to achieve |挑戰(zhàn)，考驗

I like the challenge of learning new things.|我喜歡了解新事物要面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。

You may find your first couple of months on the job quite a challenge.|在工作的頭幾個月，你會感到巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。

<33>normally

ad.in the usual way or to the usual degree |通常；正常地 The museum isn't normally as crowded as this.|博物館通常不像這樣擁擠。

Although they normally work a 40-hour week, much overtime is often required.|盡管他們一般一周工作40小時，還是常常被要求加班。

<34>sequence n.1.[C, U] a series of related events, actions, etc.that happen or are done in a particular order |連續(xù)；一連串

a sequence of good news |一連串的好消息

the sequence of events leading to the war |導致戰(zhàn)爭的一連串事件

2.[C, U] the order that sth.happens or exists in |次序，順序 The chairs are numbered in sequence.|椅子按順序編號。The numbers are out of sequence.|這些號碼順序亂了。

<35>sequential a.connected with or happening in a particular order |連續(xù)的 The numbers are arranged in sequential order.|這些號碼是按順序排列的。It's not sequential;it's more like a web.|這不是連續(xù)的，而更像一個網(wǎng)絡。

<36>vital a.1.very important |極其重要的

His evidence was vital to the defense case.|他的證詞對辯護案件極其重要。

In this job, the ability to remain calm is vital.|在這個工作崗位上，保持鎮(zhèn)靜的能力非常重要。

2.full of life and force |有生命的，充滿生機的

He is a strong, vital man.|他是一個身體強壯、充滿活力的人。

The music sounds fresh and vital.|這種音樂聽起來清新且富有活力。

<37>personally ad.by oneself |親自

The President wrote to us personally to thank us for our hard work.|總統(tǒng)親自寫信給我們，感謝我們所付出的艱辛勞動。

The teacher wants to talk to you personally.|老師想親自和你談談。

<38>effective a.1.producing the desired result |有效的，起作用的

Effective communication is vital in problem solving.|有效溝通對解決問題十分重要。

The advertisement was simple but remarkably effective.|廣告雖然簡單，但效果卻非常顯著。

2.being put into practice |生效的

The effective date of the agreement has been delayed to January 1 next year.|這個協(xié)議的生效日期推遲到了明年的1月1號。

The new law will be effective from April 16th.|這部新法律要從4月16號起生效。

<39>facilitate vt.make it easier for sth.to happen |使容易；有助

With modern technology, the process of communication is greatly facilitated.|有了現(xiàn)代化設備，交流的過程大大便利了。

Guests take advantage of local transportation in order to facilitate cultural exchanges.|旅客利用當?shù)氐倪\輸系統(tǒng)促進文化交流。

<40> facilitator n.[C] sb.who helps people do things effectively |促進者，推動者

The tutor is the facilitator of learning, while the learner is active.|家教固然能促進學習，學習者自身才起主動作用。

I hope that we will continue to have the same facilitator as last semester;she was a lot of help.|我想繼續(xù)聘用上學期的學習輔導員；她有很大幫助。

Phrases and Expressions

<41>play a role |1.do sth.and have an influence on it |起作用

Online learning is playing a very important role in education.|網(wǎng)絡學習在教育中起著重要的作用。

Clearly there are many factors that play a role in the decision-making process.|顯然，在決策的過程中，有許多因素在起作用。

2.act a role in a play or film |扮演一個角色

Many famous actors dreamed of playing the role of Hamlet.|很多著名的演員夢想著能夠扮演哈姆雷特這一角色。

<42>be/become aware of

|know about a situation or a fact |認識到，知道，覺察到 Are you aware of my coming? |你知道我要來嗎？

I was not aware that you had already heard of the news.|我不知道你們已經聽說了這個消息。

<43>in addition |what is more;moreover |另外，加之

In addition, we usually spend a week of the first term in Paris.|此外，我們通常會在春季去巴黎呆上一周。

In addition to the 40,000 students taking class on campus, the University has over 300 students on distance-learning.|除了在校的40,000名學生外，該校還有300多名遠程學習的學生。

<44>reflect on

|think carefully about sth.|深思，考慮

She sat reflecting on how much had changed since she'd bought the farm.|她坐在那里，想著自從自己買下農場后所發(fā)生的變化。

He had time to reflect on his successes and failures.|他有時間對自己的成功和失敗進行反思。

<45>speak up

|1.say sth., esp.to express an opinion |說出意見或看法

There was a brief silence, then he spoke up.|先是短暫的沉默；接著他發(fā)了言。

If you never speak up, people will not know how you feel.|如果不把想法說出來，大家不會知道你是怎么想的。

2.speak louder |大聲說

Could you speak up so I can hear you, please? |麻煩您聲音大點好么？ Speak up so grandma can hear you.|說大聲點, 祖母才會聽得到。

<46>be finished with |complete the job that one was doing |做完，完成 Aren't you finished with the wash up yet? |你還沒把餐具洗完嗎？

When you are finished with the book, give it back to me.|書看完后就還給我吧。

<47>allow for |consider sth.when making a plan or decision |為...留出余地；考慮到

We must start early to allow for troubles we might have in finding her house.|考慮到她的房子不好找，我們得早點出發(fā)。

It will take you an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.|把路上耽擱的時間算進去，你要用一個小時才能到車站。

<48>on sb.'s part/on the part of sb.|done or experienced by sb.|某人所做的；就某人而言 It was the mistake on my part.|這是我的錯。

There are still doubts on the part of the students.|這些學生仍然心存疑慮。

<49>catch up(with)|improve and reach the same standard as other people |趕上，追上 He is studying hard to catch up with his classmates.|他正努力學習以趕上其他同學。Run faster!They are catching up with us.|跑快點！他們快追上咱們了。

<50>remind sb.of sth.|make sb.remember sth |使想起；提醒

The photo always reminds me of college days.|這張相片總讓我想起大學里的日子。

She never forgets to remind her husband of his promises.|她從不忘記提醒丈夫他曾許下的諾言。

網(wǎng)絡學習的成功秘訣

雖然常規(guī)的學校依然存在，但虛擬課堂在今天的教學領域中起著重要的作用。隨著學生就業(yè)機會的迅速增多，越來越多不同年齡層的人開始意識到這種在家就學的網(wǎng)上學習方

式。然而，網(wǎng)絡學生需要具備一些特別的素質才能取得成功。以下是網(wǎng)上學生要取得成功必備的一些理想素質。

1.與人分享生活、工作及學習經驗，這些是網(wǎng)上學習的一部分。許多人發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上學習需要他們運用各自的經驗，同時又為他們提供了相互交流的場所。這一交流場所消除了一些學生自我表達的視覺障礙。此外，學生在答題之前有時間進行思考，這就使得網(wǎng)上環(huán)境開放而友好。

2.能通過書寫進行交流。虛擬課堂的交流幾乎都是書面形式。因而很重要的一點是學生要具有書面表達能力。有些學生書面表達能力差，有待提高，可以在網(wǎng)上學習之前提高或將其作為網(wǎng)上學習的一部分。這常常需要他們加倍努力。不管是單獨學習還是小組學習，學生們就學習內容交流觀點和見解，并展開討論，同時了解其他同學的意見。這樣，學生可以從同齡人那里得到啟發(fā)，既跟老師學，又互相學習。

3.說出你的困難。記住，虛擬課堂里老師看不見學生。這就意味學生必須直接明了地表達自己的看法和要求。如果碰到技術方面的問題，或在理解課程中遇到困難，必須大膽說出來，否則任何人都無從知曉問題所在。如果某人不理解某個問題，或許別人也有同樣的問題。如果有哪個學生能解決，他(她)也許就會幫助你。學生在給他人解釋問題時，自己對該問題的認識也加深了。

4.認真對待課程。網(wǎng)上學習并不比課堂學習容易。事實上，許多學生說它需要花更多的時間和努力。網(wǎng)絡課程的要求不低于其他任何一種優(yōu)質課程。然而，取得成功的學生認為網(wǎng)上學習是一種便捷的受教育方式，但并不容易。晚上或周末，為了完成作業(yè)，許多網(wǎng)絡學生在電腦前一坐就是幾個小時。別人已完成作業(yè)和學習，開始玩耍，而此時網(wǎng)絡學生卻很可能還在上課。他們每門課程每周要上4到15小時。

5.把批判性思維和決策作為網(wǎng)上學習的一部分。網(wǎng)絡課程要求學生根據(jù)事實和經驗做出決定。對學生來講，理解并消化信息，并通過批判性思維做出正確的決定是十分必要的。在積極的網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境中，學生從老師、同學那里感受到自己的價值，對自己的學習也感到滿意。

6.三思而后答。在虛擬課堂上做出有意義、高質量的回答是網(wǎng)上學習的重要部分。要花時間斟酌并仔細作答，提倡對不同觀點進行驗證和質疑。網(wǎng)絡學生往往并不總是對的；他們應做好準備，迎接挑戰(zhàn)。

7.跟上課程進度。網(wǎng)上學習通常是循序漸進的，要求學生專心投入。與網(wǎng)絡課程保持同步，并按時完成所有功課至關重要。一旦落后就很難趕上。學生要有成功的欲望，而且也要渴望這種經歷。老師可能會與學生面對面交流，提供幫助并提醒他們跟上進度的必要性。

正如許多優(yōu)秀教師并不能有效地用網(wǎng)絡輔助教學一樣，并不是所有學生都具備在網(wǎng)上學習中取得成功所需的素質。具備上述素質的人通常能夠成為優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)絡學生。一旦擁有這些素質，網(wǎng)上學習說不定將是你最有價值的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。

Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 2 Preview Do you ever have difficulty talking to your parents? You?re not alone.Young people and their parents usually fail in their attempts to communicate with each other.As a result, their two different worlds can move in separate directions or collide head-on.This is what is known as the “generation gap”

What can be done about this problem? The best solution is for both sides to practice better listening skills.Hearing what has been said and actually listening are entirely different matters.Listening means making the effort to truly understand and connect with what someone else is trying to say, and it is the key to effective communication.Section A Pre-reading Activity You are about to read an early morning exchange between daughter and her parents.From the exchange, you will find that they think about the same things in very different ways.You will also find how they misunderstand each other.They seem to be blind to what is important in each other?s lives.This creates the so-called gap between the older and the younger generations.Yet, from another point of view, the exchange also shows the parents? deep concern for their daughter, who doesn?t seem to know it.1.They have an early morning exchange.2.2.They misunderstand each other and seem to be blind to what is important in each other?s lives.This creates the so-called gap.Text: Deep Concern

Language Point

Language Point 1 | The radio clicked on.Rock music blasted forth.(Para.1)|Meaning: As soon as the radio turned on with a short, sharp sound, rock music began playing loudly.Language Point 2 | Sandy sang along with the words as she lay listening to her favorite radio station.(Para.1)| Meaning: Sandy sang the song that was playing on her favorite radio station while she was still in bed.Language Point 3 | Sandy, turn that music off!(Para.2)| Meaning: Sandy, stop that music!

Language Point 4 | Steve Finch burst into her room.(Para.2)| Meaning: Steve Finch entered her room suddenly.Language Point 5 | Why do you have to listen to such horrible stuff?(Para.2)| Meaning: Why do you have to listen to such bad music?

|Language Point 6 |...though it does have rhythm.(Para.2)| Meaning:...though it really has rhythm.Here “does” is used for emphasis(強調)and should be followed by the bare infinitive form of the verb.More examples:| He does have a brother in England.他的確有個弟弟在英國。She did go to

see the doctor yesterday.她昨天的確去看病了。

Language Point 7 | I can't stand it.(Para.4)| Meaning: It is too much for me to bear.Language Point 8 | Then she grabbed the soap and washed thoroughly, including her hair.(Para.5)| Meaning: Then she took the soap suddenly and washed herself all over, including her hair.Language Point 9 | It isn't healthy to eat standing up.(Para.7)| Meaning: It isn't good for your health if you have your breakfast while standing up.Language Point 10 | I'll brush my teeth when I'm done.(Para.12)| Meaning: I'll brush my teeth when I have finished my breakfast.|Language Point 11 | It's disgusting.(Para.13)| Meaning: It's bad, and I don't like it.Language Point 12 | Stop bugging me.(Para.16)| Meaning: Stop bothering me.Language Point 13 | Sandy Finch, you're too young to wear that much makeup.(Para.19)| Meaning: Sandy Finch, you're not old enough to wear so much makeup.Notice that the mother greeted the daughter by full name, which means the mother was very firm in her opinion and/or wanted to be sure to get her daughter's full attention.Language Point 14 |...and bolted out of the house.(Para.20)| Meaning:...and left the house quickly.Language Point 15 | After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down in peace and quiet to drink her coffee.(Para.21)| Meaning: After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down calmly to drink her coffee.Language Point 16 | No, thanks, honey.My stomach feels upset—like its full of knots.(Para.23)| Meaning: No, thanks, dear.I am not feeling well in stomach.It seems full of knots.Notice that the expression “it's full of knots” may come from the idiom “knots in ones stomach”, which means a tight uncomfortable feeling caused by a strong emotion such as fear or anger.Language Point 17 | I don't think I'm old-fashioned, but hearing those tuneless, offensive lyrics repeatedly makes my blood boil.(Para.23)| Meaning: I don't think I am unwilling to accept new ideas, but hearing those unpleasant songs over and over makes me angry.Language Point 18 |...different music appeals to different generations...(Para.24)| Meaning:...people of different age groups like different types of music...Language Point 19 | Maybe eating breakfast will help me get rid of some of the knots in my stomach.(Para.25)| Meaning: Maybe eating breakfast will help me feel better.Language Point 20 |...that music could have a negative influence on Sandy.(Para.27)| Meaning:...the music could have a bad effect on Sandy.Language Point 21 |...she and Sandy could still talk things over.(Para.29)| Meaning:...she could still have a good discussion with Sandy about these things.Language Point 22 | She knew she had to have patience and keep the lines of communication with her daughter open.(Para.29)| Meaning: She knew she had to be patient and keep communication with her daughter effective.Language Point 23 | She wanted to be there as an anchor for her, but at the same time she would give her freedom to find her own identity.(Para.29)| Meaning: She wanted to be a person who can make her feel safe and supported but at the same time let her find out who she is by herself.New Words

<1>concern n.1.[U] a feeling of worry |擔心；憂慮

In the story the parents show their great concern for their daughter.|故事里，父母對他們的女兒表現(xiàn)出極大的擔心。

The recent rise in crime is a matter of great public concern.|近來犯罪的增多是公眾非常擔憂的事情。

2.[C] sth.that makes sb.worried |關心的事；擔心的事

His main concern is to be able to provide money for his family.|他主要關心的是為家里賺錢。Your private life is not my concern.|你的私生活與我無關。

vt.|1.make sb.feel worried |使擔心；使憂慮

It isn't your problem—don't concern yourself with it.|這不是你的問題，你用不著擔心。

What concerns me most is that despite pay increases, production has not improved.|最令我擔心的是雖然工資增加了，生產卻沒有上去。

2.be about sth.|涉及，與...有關系

This article concerns the issue of generation gap.|這篇文章講的是代溝問題。

This study concerns couples' expectations of marriage.|這項研究涉及夫妻對婚姻的期待。

<2>click vi.make a short, sharp sound |發(fā)出咔嗒聲 The key clicked in the lock.|鑰匙在瑣里咔嗒響了一聲。

Her shoes clicked against the floor as she walked.|她走動時，鞋在地板上咔噔咔噔作響。

n.|[C] a short, sharp sound |咔嗒聲

The door opened with a click.|門咔嗒一聲開了。

I heard a click, and then the phone went dead.|我聽到咔嗒一聲電話就掛了。

<3>blast vi.produce a lot of noise, esp.music |發(fā)出響亮的聲音（尤指音樂）Music blasted from the radio.|收音機里猛地響起了音樂。

A machine gun blasted just outside the tent.|帳篷外，機關槍突然嘟嘟嘟地響起來。

vt.|break up by explosion |爆破

They had to blast their way through the mountainside.|他們不得不沿著山坡炸出一條路來。The first shot missed and blasted a hole in the wall.|第一槍打偏了，在墻上炸出了一個洞。

n.|[C] an explosion |爆炸

The blast completely destroyed the building.|爆炸徹底摧毀了這棟建筑。

The blast killed 168 people and hurt hundreds.|爆炸炸死了168人，炸傷了數(shù)百人。

<4>forth ad.out;forward |出來；向外

The sun came forth from behind the clouds.|太陽從云后出來。

The house was still burning with thick black smoke pouring forth.|房子還在燃燒，冒出濃濃的黑煙。

<5>burst vi.(burst, burst)move somewhere suddenly or quickly, esp.into or out of a place |沖，闖

Several students burst into the schoolmaster's office just as he was about to leave.|校長正要離開時，幾個學生闖進了他的辦公室。

She burst out of the room without saying a single word.|她什么也沒說，沖出了房間。

<6>horrible a.1.very bad or unpleasant |糟糕的；使人不愉快的 This tastes horrible!|真難吃！

The weather has been really horrible all week.|這一周天氣真是糟糕透了。

2.shocking;frightening |可怕的；令人恐懼的

What a horrible story!|可怕的故事!It's horrible to hear that so many people in the world are hungry and don't have food.|聽到世界上有這么多人挨餓，沒東西吃，感到很可怕。

<7>stuff n.[U] sth.that one does not know the correct name |東西

What's the green stuff at the bottom of the bottle? |瓶底上那綠色的是什么東西？

I don't know how we're going to get all this stuff into the car.|我不知道我們如何將這些東西全部搬進車里去。

vt.|push sth.into a space |填；塞

The pillow was stuffed with feathers.|枕頭里塞滿了羽毛。

The rooms are stuffed with antiques and priceless treasures.|這幾間房子都塞滿了古董和無價之寶。

<8>rhythm n.[C, U] a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements |節(jié)奏 I'm not keen on the tune but I love the rhythm.|我不特別喜歡那曲調，但喜歡它的節(jié)奏。You need to feel the rhythm of the music in order to dance properly.|為了跳好舞，你需要感受音樂的節(jié)奏。

<9>grab vt.take sth.suddenly or roughly |抓住，奪得

Helen grabbed the toy car from her little brother.|海倫搶去了弟弟手上的玩具汽車。

She grabbed her clothes and ran out when the alarm went off.|警報響起時，她抓起衣服就往外跑。

<10>thorough a.including every possible detail |全面的，徹底的 The doctor gave the patient a thorough check-up.|醫(yī)生為病人做了全面檢查。

The police made a thorough search of the house and found the child hiding under a chair.|警察徹底搜查了那所房子，發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子藏在椅子下。

<11> thoroughly ad.carefully and completely |完全地；徹底地 We thoroughly enjoyed our holiday.|我們假期玩得非常開心。

Eating only thoroughly cooked foods will reduce your risk of illness.|只吃完全煮熟的食物可以減少生病的危險。

<12>makeup n.[U] paint, powder, creams, etc.that people put on their face |化妝品 She hadn't taken off her stage makeup yet when I saw her.|我見到她時她還沒有缷去戲妝。After I put on my makeup, I'll be ready to go with you to the restaurant.|我化好妝后，就準備和你去飯館。

<13>toast n.1.[U] bread made brown by heating |烤面包 He had toast for breakfast.|他早餐吃了烤面包。

She had a slice of toast and a cup of coffee.|她吃了一塊烤面包，喝了一杯咖啡。

2.[C] an act of drinking, esp.in order to thank sb., wish sb.luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

We drank a toast to our teacher's health.|我們干杯祝老師身體健康。

I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.|我提議為新娘新郎干杯。

vt.|hold up one's glass and wish sb.success, happiness, luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

Let's toast the friendship between our two countries.|讓我們?yōu)閮蓢挠颜x干杯。Let's toast Edward for a job well done.|讓我們?yōu)閻鄣氯A出色的工作干杯。

<14>disgusting a.very unpleasant |令人厭惡的，令人反感的 A bad egg has a disgusting smell.|臭蛋味道很難聞。

Rubbish was piled everywhere—it was disgusting.|到處堆著垃圾，真叫人惡心。

<15>bug vt.(infml.)bother;annoy;trouble |打擾；使煩惱

It really bugs me when people come around without calling first.|有些人不先打電話就來，實在討厭。

It just bugs me that I have to work so many extra hours for no extra money.|我必須加班加點地干這么多小時，卻沒有額外的工錢，實在讓人煩惱。

<16>eyeliner n.[C] |描眼膏；眼線筆

French eye-liners are well-known to the world.|法國眼線筆世界有名。She was wearing thick, black eyeliner.|她描了濃濃的黑色眼線。

<17>tattoo n.[C] patterns made by putting ink into the skin |文身

She said she hated to see the tattoo on his arm.| 她說她討厭看見他手臂上的刺紋。He has a tattoo of a snake on his left arm.|他的左臂刺了一條蛇。

vt.|have patterns made by putting ink into the skin |在身上刺文身

He had the words “I love you” tattooed on his chest.|他胸前文著“我愛你”的字樣。The man's left arm was tattooed with a snake.|這男人的左臂刺了一條蛇。

<18>pierce vt.make a hole in |穿孔于，打眼于

Many women have pierced their ears.|很多女士都扎了耳朵眼。

Rose underwent emergency surgery after a bullet pierced her lung.|一顆子彈穿了她的肺后，羅斯做了緊急手術。

<19>bolt vi.move fast or run away suddenly |奔；竄

The noise of the explosion made the horses bolt.|一聲爆響，把那些馬嚇跑了。

Before I could say a word, she turned and bolted out the front door.|不等我說話，她轉身就竄出了前門。

<20>upset a.feeling ill, worried, or anxious |不適的；心煩的；苦惱的

Phone and tell the teacher that you get an upset stomach.|打電話告訴老師你的胃不舒服。I was quite upset at losing my purse.|我丟了錢包，心里非常不快。

vt.|(upset, upset)make sb.worried, anxious, or ill |使心煩；使苦惱；使不適

The news of his son's disappearance upset him.|他兒子失蹤的消息使他心煩意亂。What upsets me most is the fact that she told a lie.|最讓我不安的是她撒了謊。

<21>knot n.1.[C] an uncomfortable feeling, esp.in the stomach, caused by fear, anger, etc.|緊張（感）；心窩揪緊 a knot of fear |一陣恐懼

There was a knot of tension in his stomach.|他感到一陣緊張。

2.[C] a join made by tying rope, cloth, etc.|（繩索、布條等打成的）結

Please tie a knot at the end of rope.|請在繩子的一端打個結。Can you help me undo the knot? |幫我打開這個結好嗎？

<22>awful a.very bad or unpleasant;terrible |糟糕的；可怕的 It would be awful if they found out.|如果他們知道了真相，那就糟了。I felt awful about not being able to help.|我?guī)筒簧厦?，心里很難受。

<23> tune n.[C] a number of musical notes that form a pleasing pattern of sound |曲調；旋律

I can't remember the tune of that song.|我記不起那首歌的調子。

I've heard that tune before, but I don't know the words to the song.|我聽過這個曲子，但記不起歌詞了。

<24>tuneless a.without tune;not having a pleasant tune |不成調的；不悅耳的

A young man walked by, singing a tuneless song.|一個年輕人從身邊走過，哼著不成調的歌。The song is tuneful, but her voice is tuneless.|歌很有旋律，可她的嗓子不動聽。

<25>offensive

a.causing offense;unpleasant |討厭的；令人不快的

There are complaints that the advertisement was offensive to women.|有人投訴說這則廣告是對女性的冒犯。

There is an offensive smell in the room.|房間里有難聞的氣味。

<26>lyric n.[C](~s)words of a song, esp.a popular song |歌詞 I like the lyrics of this song.|我喜歡這首歌的歌詞。

He wrote some great music, but the lyrics he wrote weren't that good.|他創(chuàng)作了一些好音樂，但他寫的歌詞不怎么樣。

<27>appeal vi.1.(to)attract;interest |使喜歡；吸引

This music is too old-fashioned to appeal to young people any longer.|這音樂太老，不能再吸引年輕人。

The idea of working abroad really appeals to me.|到國外工作對我真的有吸引力。

2.make a strong request for help, support, etc.|懇請；呼吁

The police are appealing to the public for any information about the murder victim.|警方呼吁公眾提供有關被害者的情況。

The police have appealed to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.|警察呼吁所有知情的人來和他們談談。

<28>rid a.no longer annoyed by sb.or sth.unpleasant or unwanted |擺脫...的 Just give him the money and you can be rid of him.|給他點錢，你就可以擺脫他了。Take the medicine, and you can get rid of this cold.|把藥吃了，感冒就好了。

vt.|(rid, rid)make sb.or sth.free from sth.unpleasant or unwanted |使擺脫，使去掉

You must rid yourself of these old-fashioned ideas.|你必須拋掉這些陳舊的觀念。Will science finally rid us of this disease? |科學最終會讓我們根除這種疾病嗎？

<29> piercing n.[C] a hole made through part of one's body in order to wear jewelry there |刺穿的孔

She has piercings in both of her ears.|她兩耳都打了耳朵眼。

Body massage and ear piercing are offered at the small shop.|這家小店提供身體按摩和穿耳孔服務。

<30>negative a.1.bad or harmful |不好的；負面的；消極的

I'm feeling very negative about my job—in fact I'm thinking about finding a new one.|我覺得我的工作很沒勁，事實上我正考慮找一份新工作。

All this had a negative effect on my work.|所有這些對我的工作都產生了負面影響。

2.saying or meaning no |否定的

What is the negative form of this word? |這個詞的否定形式是什么？

He gave a negative answer without any explanation.|他沒有解釋，只是給了否定回答。

<31>influence n.[C, U] an effect on sb.or sth.|影響；作用

The fact that he's rich and famous had no influence on our decision.|他有錢有名氣，但這不會影響我們的決定。

The parents were worried about the influence of Western films and TV programs on their children.|父母們擔心西方電影和電視節(jié)目會影響孩子。

vt.|have an effect on |影響

You must decide for yourself.Don't let anyone else influence you.|你必須自己決定，別受他人的影響。

How much does TV advertising really influence what people buy?| 電視廣告對人們購物的影響到底有多少？

<32>patience n.[U] the quality of being able to remain calm, esp.when there is a difficulty or one has to wait a long time |耐心；忍耐（性）

I'm sorry.I've got no patience with people who don't even try.|對不起，我不能容忍那些連試一下都不肯的人。

This type of medical research requires great patience.|這種醫(yī)學研究需要極大的耐心。

<33>anchor n.1.[C] sb.or sth.that provides support and a feeling of safety |依靠，靠山 Parents need to be an anchor for their children.|父母應當是孩子的靠山。

Dad was the anchor of the family and I could always go to him for help.|爸爸是家里人的依靠，我隨時可以去找他幫忙。

2.[C] a heavy metal object that is dropped into the water from a boat in order

to keep the boat in one place |錨

In the morning we weighed anchor and sailed on.|清晨我們起錨繼續(xù)航行。We dropped anchor a few yards offshore.|我們在離岸幾碼遠的地方拋錨。

<34>identity n.[C] who or what a person or thing is |身份；本體

To escape the police, he had to conceal his identity.|為了躲避警方，他不得不隱瞞身份。She applied for a teaching job under a false identity.|她用假身份申請從事教書工作。

Phrases and Expressions <35>along with |together with |一起，一道

Along with hundreds of others, she lost her job when the factory closed.|工廠倒閉，她和其他幾百名工人一起失去了工作。

The mother was saved from the fire along with her baby.|母親和嬰兒都被從火中救了出來。

<36>turn off |stop using a piece of equipment by moving a switch |關閉

Please turn all the lights off as you leave the building;we can't afford to waste power.|離開時請將所有的燈關掉，我們浪費不起電。

She turned off the water, dried herself, and dressed in jeans and a shirt.|她把水關掉，擦干身上的水，然后穿上牛仔褲和襯衫。

<37>burst into |1.enter a place suddenly |闖入

She burst into the manager's office and demanded to speak to him.|她沖入經理辦公室，要求當面跟他說話。

His partner was so excited about the news that he burst into the room to tell him.|他的伙伴聽到這消息非常激動，沖進房間去告訴他。

2.start suddenly |突然開始

She burst into laughter.|她突然笑了起來。

Afterwards, she went straight to the ladies' room and burst into tears.|然后，她徑直走進衛(wèi)生間

哭了起來。

<38>over and over | again and again;repeatedly |一再，反復

Read the word over and over until you can say it correctly.|一遍一遍地讀這個單詞，直到你讀對了為止。

They kept asking the same question over and over again.|他們反復問同一個問題。

<39>reach for |move one's hand or arm in order to touch or hold sth.|伸手去摸；伸手去取 There was no time for me to reach for my gun.|我來不及伸手掏槍。

There was a noise outside, so Bill reached for his flashlight.|比爾聽到外面的聲響，便伸手去拿手電筒。

<40>turn up |increase the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |調大，開大 He turned the heat up because it was very cold inside the house.|他把暖氣開大了點，因為屋里非常冷。

Is the sound turned up too loud for you? |你看這聲音是否開得太大了？

<41>turn down |reduce the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |調小，開小 She could not bear the music and turned down the volume.|她受不了這種音樂，于是把音量關小了。

Can you turn the TV down? I'm trying to work.|你能把電視的聲音開小點嗎？我正想靜心工作呢。

<42>as well as |in addition to |除...之外；和

He's worked in Japan as well as Italy.| 他在日本工作過，也在意大利工作過。

Flowers are chosen for their scent as well as their look.|選花既要聞其香，又要觀其色。

<43>turn on |cause water, gas, etc.to flow or equipment to operate |打開開關 Please turn on the light for me;it's getting dark.|天黑了，請給我開開燈。

Jack turned on his computer and checked his email.|杰克打開電腦，查看電子郵件。

<44>as usual

|in the way that happens most of the time |像往常一樣，照例

Everything went on as usual, as if nothing had happened.|一切照常進行，好像什么也沒發(fā)生過。

As usual, they'd left the children at home with the babysitter.|像往常一樣，他們將孩子留在家里由保姆看管。

<45>in peace and quiet |calmly;in a peaceful state |平靜地

I'm tired—can't you just leave me in peace and quiet? |我累了，你不能讓我靜一靜嗎？

I wish she would just leave me in peace and quiet so that I can think about the problem without interruption.|我希望她能讓我靜一靜，這樣我可以不受干擾，好好想一想這個問題。

<46>wake up |(cause to)stop sleeping |（使）醒來 Wake up, Jimmy, it's 8: 00.|醒醒，吉米，八點鐘了！

I'll wake you up when it's time to leave.|到了走的時候我會叫醒你。

<47>make one's blood boil | make sb.angry |使某人生氣

Her tuneless music made her father's blood boil.|她那難聽的音樂使她父親很生氣。Whenever I think about it, it makes my blood boil.|我一想起它就生氣。

<48>get rid of

|1.free oneself from sth.unwanted or unpleasant |擺脫；除去

I've tried all sorts of medicines to get rid of this cold.|為了治好感冒，我已經試了各種藥物。This is an effective way to get rid of weeds.|這是一種除草的有效方法。

2.throw away or destroy sth.that one does not want|丟棄；扔掉

We're moving, so we have to get rid of a lot of our old furniture.|我們要搬家，不得不扔掉很多舊家具。

We should encourage the governments of the world to get rid of all nuclear weapons.|我們應該鼓勵各國政府銷毀所有的核武器。

<49>knots in one's stomach |an unpleasant tight feeling |緊張，不安 He said he felt knots in his stomach.|他說他感到不安。

She had knots in her stomach before meeting his parents for the first time.|她第一次見他的父母時感到緊張。

<50>in any case |no matter what happens |無論如何；不管怎樣

The cost may be lower than we first thought, but in any case it will still be a lot.|費用也許比我們當初想象的低，但無論如何仍相當可觀。

I don't understand why you're against it.In any case, I'm going to try.|我不明白為什么你不同意，無論如何我要試一試。

<51>talk sth.over |talk about sth.thoroughly and seriously, esp.in order to settle a problem or reach a decision |商議；討論

If you're worried about this change of career, why don't you talk it over with your family? |如果你對這次變換職業(yè)擔心的話，為什么不和家人商量一下呢？

She wanted me to go to her office to talk things over.|她要我到她辦公室把事情談清楚。

深深的憂慮

收音機“咔嗒”一聲，搖滾樂就大聲地響開了。音樂像槍聲似的將桑迪吵醒。她看了一下鐘，早上6點一刻。她躺在床上，聽著她喜歡的電臺廣播，嘴里哼著歌詞。

“桑迪，” 她父親喊道，“桑迪，把音樂關了！”史蒂夫·芬奇沖進她的臥室?！澳銥槭裁匆欢ㄒ犨@么糟糕的音樂？還聽了一遍又一遍。雖然有節(jié)奏，可恐怕不是真正的音樂?！?/p>

“我喜歡這種音樂，爸爸。這是我最喜歡的。您聽一下吧，您肯定會喜歡的。” 桑迪伸手把音樂開得更響。

“別，別開那么響，我受不了。把收音機音量調低點，這樣我和你媽媽就聽不到了。我敢肯定，那音樂既傷你的耳朵，又傷你的大腦?！?/p>

桑迪走進浴室，打開淋浴噴頭。然后她抓起香皂，渾身上下洗個遍，連頭發(fā)也洗了。

淋浴后，桑迪梳了梳頭發(fā)，穿上一件舊的綠色圓領衫和一條牛仔褲。接著她化好妝，走進了廚房。和往常一樣，她不知道早餐該吃什么，便抓了杯牛奶，站在洗滌槽旁吃烤面包。就在此時，她媽媽簡走進了廚房。

“桑迪，你怎么不坐下吃飯？站著吃飯對身體不好?！?“我知道，媽媽，可我沒時間坐著吃?！?“昨天做作業(yè)了吧，寶貝？” “做了?！?/p>

“刷過牙了？”

“媽媽，我還沒吃完飯呢。吃完了再刷?！?/p>

“桑迪，你怎么穿那件舊圓領衫呢？難看死了?！?“媽媽，請別這樣。” “別怎么樣？” “別這樣煩我?！?/p>

“桑迪，你怎么描起眼線來了？”

“我是描了，媽媽。我都描了幾個月了。難道不漂亮？” “桑迪·芬奇，你還小，不能化這么濃的妝。”

“媽媽，我都15歲了，到了可以化妝的年齡了。給您說實話吧，學校的女孩子都化妝有些還文身，有的還戴耳環(huán)、鼻環(huán)、舌環(huán)呢。媽媽，我現(xiàn)在沒時間給您說，我快遲到了，得走了。再見?！?桑迪匆匆吻了一下媽媽的臉頰，拿起書沖出了屋子。

桑迪離家上學后，簡·芬奇平靜地坐下來喝咖啡。沒過一會兒，她丈夫走了進來。

“史蒂夫，喝點咖啡吧？”簡問道。

“不，謝謝，親愛的。我胃不舒服，心亂如麻?？赡苁且驗槟怯憛挼囊魳访刻煸缟习盐页承选Ｎ蚁胛疫€不至于老得落伍吧，可沒完沒了地聽那毫無韻律、令人討厭的歌曲實在讓我生氣。”

“你知道，親愛的，不同年齡的人喜歡不同的音樂，” 簡勸說道?！斑€記得我們聽過的一些音樂嗎？”

史蒂夫笑了，“你說得有道理。也許吃點早飯能讓我感覺好一點。” “你注意到了嗎，今天早晨我們15歲的女兒都化了什么樣的妝？我真不敢相信自己以前沒有注意到。我想我們應該感到幸運，因為我們女兒的最大問題還只是化妝。我看到其他年輕人在鎮(zhèn)上游手好閑，還文身，渾身穿了許多洞?！?/p>

“令我擔心的是，”史蒂夫說，“那種音樂對桑迪可能有負面的影響。我不知道我們的女兒到底怎么回事。她在變，我很擔心她。化妝品，糟糕的音樂，誰知道以后還會有什么花樣？

我們得和她談談。新聞里報道的盡是惹上麻煩的青少年，可他們的父母卻不知道自己的孩子有什么問題。”

“哦，我倒不認為她的音樂如此糟糕。但不管怎么說，你還是說得對，我們需要和桑

迪談談，” 簡說道。

去上班的路上，簡·芬奇一面開著車，一面想著她的桑迪。她知道自己想說什么，得對桑迪說什么。她和桑迪之間還可以進行交流，這令她很高興。她知道自己得有耐心，得保持自己和桑迪之間溝通的渠道暢通。她想在桑迪的身邊，做她的保護人，同時又給她尋找自我的自由。Exercises IX．

1．我認為那些在鎮(zhèn)上游手好閑、在身上又文身又穿洞的青少年是在表達他們的個性。

2．因特網(wǎng)提供了一種更快捷的方式，讓我們與全球的新老客戶取得聯(lián)系，并保持溝通渠道暢通無阻。

3．父母與自己十多歲的孩子的溝通問題不僅僅在于“代溝”，而且還在于雙方都不完全理解對方的思想。

4．當父母與子女間有了這類溝通障礙時，青少年面臨的問題可能更大。

5．青少年常常要經歷這么一個階段，在這個階段，他們覺得父母會讓他們沒面子，害怕他們達不到自己朋友的標準。

6．比如，青少年希望在外呆到很睌，但是當?shù)诙煸缟弦鸫采蠈W時，那又是另一回事了。

Structured Writing XII.The first thing you should do to make tea is to boil water.While waiting for it to boil, you can get your teapot out and put the right amount of tea leaves into it.When the water has come to boil, pour it into the teapot.Then wait for a few minutes to 1et the leaves steep.Next? Enjoy the tea.Section B Reading Skills: Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions Text: Is There a Generation Gap? Language Point Language Point 1 | As a result, many parents fear that peer opinions will become more highly valued and that they in turn will lose influence.(Para.1)| Meaning: Because of this, many parents worry that their children will pay more attention to peers' opinions than to theirs.Language Point 2 | Several questions were asked to tap into basic beliefs and values...(Para.2)| Meaning: Several questions were asked to learn about people's basic beliefs and values...Language Point 3 | Across the generations, there was great consistency in the responses.(Para.2)| Meaning: All four generations have nearly the same answers.Language Point 4 | These studies show that while young people tend to value their peers' evaluations over parents on things like music, clothing and what's “cool”...(Para.3)| Meaning: These studies show that while young people are more likely to prefer their peers' opinions to their parents about such things as music, clothing, and what's “cool”...Language Point 5 |...they continue to look to parents for basic values and guidance in the more important areas of life, such as career and lifetime goals.(Para.3)| Meaning:...they continue to

depend on their parents for basic values, help, and advice in the more important areas of life, such as profession and lifetime goals.Language Point 6 | Perhaps, though, the problem does not lie in a difference of opinions or values, but in the way we relate to and communicate with each other.(Para.4)| Meaning: Perhaps, though, the problem is not that there is a difference of opinions or values between the old and the young, but that they have different ways of understanding and communicating with each other.Language Point 7 | Here are some tips from an article entitled “Bridging the Generation Gap” that might help.(Para.4)| Meaning: Here are some pieces of useful advice taken from an article with the title “Bridging the Generation Gap”.Language Point 8 | An attitude of respect and trust can be contagious.(Para.5)| Meaning: An attitude of respect and trust can bring about the same feelings in other people.In other words, if you respect and trust others, others will respect and trust you.Language Point 9 | Questioning can sound like interrogation.(Para.6)| Meaning: To children the questions parents ask may seem to be questions police ask criminals.Language Point 10 | Instead, adopt an attitude of curiosity rather than control.(Para.6)| Meaning: Instead, you should show your desire to know about your child, not to control him or her.Language Point 11 | If your object is only to listen, you should be careful not to be preparing your response while your teen is still talking.(Para.6)| Meaning: If you just want to listen to your child, you should pay attention to what he or she says rather than think about how to give a reply.Language Point 12 | Ask whether your child wants to hear it before sharing your point of view.(Para.7)| Meaning: Ask whether your child wants to hear your opinion before telling him or her about your ideas on that particular subject.Language Point 13 | If you state your case with a “This is what makes sense to me” attitude as opposed to “This is the right way to see things”, he or she can listen more openly instead of planning rebellion.(Para.7)| Meaning: If you tell your story with a friendly attitude instead of a commanding one, he or she will listen more willingly to you rather than rebel against you.
Notice that “This is what makes sense to me” is taken as a modifier that describes attitude.Language Point 14 | Any way you can get across the message “We're in this together” can help bridge gaps that conflicts might otherwise create.(Para.8)| Meaning: Any method by which you make your teen understand “We shall work on this together” can help bridge gaps that might be caused by other differences between you and your teen.
Note that “you get across the message” is a clause that modifies “any way” while “that conflicts can otherwise create” is a clause that modifies gaps.“We're in this together” is in apposition(同位)to “the message”.The word “in” here means involved in.32

Language Point 15 | Instead of “You're ruining your life!”, say “I'm concerned about what might happen if...” “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”(Para.9)| Meaning: Do not say “You're ruining your life!” Just say “I worry about what might happen if...” or “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”

Language Point 16 | Whether it's about checking in by the phone, putting things away, or drinking out of the milk carton, “Do as I say and not as I do” will not improve the relationship.(Para.10)| Meaning: Whether it is about reporting ones arrival at a place by the phone, about putting things where they are usually kept, or about drinking out of the milk carton, parents will not make the relationship better if they themselves do not follow the rules that they give to their children.
The implied meaning of this sentence is that whatever the rule is about, parents should follow it before asking their teens to obey it.Language Point 17 | Showing self-acceptance and tolerance for imperfection is very encouraging to teenagers(as well as other people around you)and tends to make you easier to approach with questions, regrets, and challenges.(Para.11)| Meaning: Accepting yourself and admitting that you are not perfect is very encouraging to teenagers(and to other people around you)and is likely to make you an easier person for other people to ask questions, express regrets, and present challenges.Language Point 18 |...like losing your cool or saying something hurtful during an argument.(Para.11)| Meaning:...like losing your self-control or saying something hurtful during a discussion.Language Point 19 | The humor, energy and sense of possibility teenagers often have can awaken parents to positive sides of themselves they had forgotten or neglected.(Para.12)| Meaning: Teenagers are full of humor and energy, and they think that everything is possible.This can make parents aware of their own strong points which they had forgotten or given little attention to.
Note that “teenagers often have” is a clause modifying “the humor, energy and sense of possibility”.New Word

<1>concept

n.[C] a thought, idea, or principle |概念；觀念

The concept that “big is beautiful” is no longer as popular as it was.|“大就是美”這種觀念不再那么流行了。

This section has introduced some of the basic concepts used by many sociologists.|本節(jié)介紹了許多社會學家使用的某些基本概念。

<2>consistency n.[U] the quality of always being the same |一致性；連貫性

Your work lacks consistency.Sometimes it's excellent but at other times it's full of mistakes.|你的工作缺乏穩(wěn)定性，有時做得很好，有時則錯誤百出。

Consistency of performance depends on several factors.|表演的穩(wěn)定依賴于幾種因素。

<3>response

n.1.[C] a reply |回答

I've sent out 20 letters of inquiry but I haven't had any responses yet.|我發(fā)出了20封詢問信，但還沒有收到回復。

Her response was to leave the room and slam the door.|她的反應是離開房間把門砰地關上。

2.[C, U] an action done as a reaction to sth.|反應，回應 She opened the door in response to the knock.|聽到敲門后她便開了門。

The report has aroused a strong response from the readers.|這篇報道引起了讀者的強烈反應。

<4>refute

vt.prove that sb.or sth.is not correct |反駁，駁斥

I knew he was lying but I had no evidence with which to refute his story.|我知道他在撒謊，但我沒有證據(jù)反駁他。

<5>tend vi.be likely to do sth.|傾向于，趨于

People tend to need less sleep as they grow older.|隨著年齡增長，人們對睡眠的需求往往在減少。

It tends to rain here a lot in the spring.|這里春天往往雨水很多。vt.|take care of;look after |照料，照顧

She tended her husband during his long illness.|丈夫長期臥病，她一直照料他。

ane was outside tending the garden when the fire broke out.|發(fā)生火災時，簡在外面護理花園。

<6>evaluate vt.judge the value, quality, or degree of sth.|評價；評估

|The school has only been open for six months, so it's hard to evaluate its success.|該學校僅開辦了六個月，現(xiàn)在很難估計其成績。

It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments.|很難評估不同治療方法的效果。

<7> evaluation n.[C, U] a judgment about the value, quality, or degree of sth.|評估；評價 We need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system.|我們需要對這個新的系統(tǒng)做適當評估。

They took some samples of products for evaluation.|他們取了一些樣品進行評估。

<8>guidance n.[U] help and advice |指導，引導

They offer practical guidance to people starting their own businesses.|他們給開始自己創(chuàng)業(yè)的人提供切實可行的指導。

Your teacher can give you guidance on choosing a career and writing a job application.|你的老師可以指導你如何選擇職業(yè)和寫就業(yè)申請。

<9>career n.[C] a job or profession one is trained for and intends to follow for part or the whole of one's life |職業(yè)；一生的事業(yè)

His career in politics is rather successful.|他的政治生涯很成功。

Overall, I am very pleased about this new turn in my career.|總的說來，我對自己事業(yè)中的轉機很滿意。

<10>trend n.[C] a change toward sth.new or different |趨勢；傾向

Lately there has been a trend towards hiring younger employees.|近來的一種趨勢是雇用年輕的員工。

A lot of the students don't think for themselves;they just follow the latest trends.|很多學生不用腦思考，他們只會跟隨最新潮流。

<11>apply vt.use sth.such as a method, idea, etc.|使用，應用

New technology is being applied to almost every industrial field.|新技術被應用到幾乎每個工業(yè)領域。

These ideas are often difficult to apply in practice.|這些思想在實踐中往往難以應用。

vi.|request sth., esp.in writing |申請

She said she would apply to the department for a computer.|她說她會向系里申請要部電腦。How many jobs had you applied for before you were offered this one? |在得到這份工作之前，你申請了多少工作？

<12>individual a.single or particular |單個的；個別的

The education department decides on general teaching policies, but the exact details are left to the individual schools.|教育部門決定總的教育方針，但確切的細節(jié)留待各個學校自己處理。He has his own individual method of organizing his work.|他以自己獨特的方式組織自己的工作。

n.[C] one single person or thing |個人；個體

Are the needs of society more important than the rights of the individual? |社會的需求比個人的權利更重要嗎？

Effects of the drug vary from individual to individual.|這藥的效果因人而異。

<13>teen n.[C](infml.)a teenager |少年，十幾歲的孩子

Many teens continue to look to their parents for guidance in their studies.|許多十多歲的孩子學習時依然依賴父母給予幫助。

Seeing the police, the teens ran away.|一看到警察，這些少年就跑開了。

<14>relate vi.(to)be able to understand a situation or the way sb.feels or thinks |理解；適應；和睦相處

The magazine deals with scientific subjects that ordinary people can relate to.|該雜志討論的科學話題一般人都能看懂。

Laurie finds it difficult to relate to children.|勞利感到很難與孩子溝通。

V.show or make a connection between two different things |把...聯(lián)系起來

I don't understand how the two ideas relate.|我不明白這兩個觀點之間有什么聯(lián)系。

The report relates heart disease to high levels of stress.|這篇報告認為心臟病與精神壓力過大有關。

<15>entitle vt.1.give a title to a book, play, etc.|給（書、劇本等）題名；定名

Have you read the novel entitled Crime and Punishment? |你讀過《罪與罰》這部小說嗎？

The last song is entitled “Into the Woods”.|最后一首歌叫《走進森林》。

2.give sb.the right to have or do sth.|使有權做；給予...的資格

Only members of the company are entitled to use the facilities.|只有公司職員有權享用這些設施。

Being a member entitles you to discounts on tickets.|成為會員可以使你享受折扣票。

<16>attitude n.[C] a way of feeling or thinking about sb.or sth.|態(tài)度；心態(tài) She shows a very positive attitude to her work.|她的工作態(tài)度很積極。

Officials took the attitude that the problem was not their responsibility.|官員的態(tài)度是，這問題不是他們的責任。

<17>contagious a.1.(of an action, thought, etc.)that is likely to cause a similar response in others |有感染力的

Her contagious smile impressed me most.| 她的微笑富有感染力，給我留下深刻印象。

Trust is contagious.You trust other people and they will trust you.|信任是有感染力的。你信任他人，他人就信任你。

2.(of a disease)that can be passed from one person to another |傳染的

Measles is highly contagious.|麻疹的傳染性很強。

Most eye infections are contagious.|多數(shù)眼睛感染是會傳染的。

<18>confidence n.1.[U] the belief that one can do sth.well |信心，把握

The company is looking forward with confidence to the next five years.|那家公司對未來五年充滿信心。

I developed much more confidence in my ability and I've pushed my grades up.|我對自己的能力信心更足，而且我的成績也提高了。

2.[U] the belief that sb.or sth.is good and one can trust them |信任，信賴

We have complete confidence in your ability to do the job.|我們完全相信你有能力做這項工作。

What is most important is to maintain the customers' confidence in our product.|最重要的是要保持消費者對我們產品的信賴。

<19>self-confidence n.[U] confidence in oneself |自信

Passing the test helped her gain self-confidence.|她通過了考試，這幫助她獲得了自信。

He's new on the job, but he has plenty of self-confidence.|他干這項工作是個新手，但是他非常自信。

<20>sound vi.(linking verb)seem |聽起來；好像

This proposal sounds good to me, and I'm interested in seeing how it actually works.|這個建議聽起來很好，而且我很想看如何實施它。

It sounds to me as if he needs professional help.|我覺得他好像需要職業(yè)幫助。

<21>interrogation n.[C, U] the process of asking sb.questions for information, sometimes using threats |審問，盤問

He said he had the right to silence during the police interrogations.|他說警察審問時他有權保持沉默。

The interrogation of terrorist suspects gave the police a lot of information.|通過審問恐怖分子嫌

疑犯警察獲得了很多信息。

<22>adopt vt.1.decide to use sth.|采用；采取

She decided not to adopt her husband's name when she got married.|她決定婚后不從夫姓。These standards have been adopted by many cities;others have established their own standards.|很多城市采用了這些標準；其他城市建立了自己的標準。

2.take sb.else's child into one's family and legally become its parent |收養(yǎng)，領養(yǎng)

The couple adopted a baby boy.|那對夫婦領養(yǎng)了一個男嬰。She was adopted when she was four.|他四歲時被人領養(yǎng)了。

<23>curiosity n.[U] the desire to know or learn |好奇心；求知欲 She asked the question out of curiosity.|她問這個問題是出于好奇心。

The news aroused a lot of curiosity among local people.|這條新聞引起了當?shù)厝说臉O大好奇心。

<24>view n.1.[C] an opinion or idea about sth.|觀點，意見 In my view, she has done nothing wrong.|依我看，她沒有做錯。

I don't agree with the view that longer prison sentences stop people from committing crime.|我不同意判重刑會阻止人們犯罪這一觀點。

2.[U] ability to see sth.;sight |視力；視線

The car turned the corner and was no longer in our view.| 那輛車拐過街角就從我們的視線中消失了。

Frank hit him in full view of all the guests.|弗蘭克當著所有客人的面打了他。

<25>oppose vt.disagree with sth.such as a plan or idea and try to change or stop it |反對 Some people oppose the use of death penalty.|有的人反對使用死刑。

The local people opposed the building of an airport nearby.|當?shù)鼐用穹磳υ诟浇藿C場。

<26>rebellion n.[C, U] opposition to sb.in authority;refusal to obey |反抗；反對；對（權威等的）蔑視

As a result of the workers' rebellion, their working conditions have been improved.|工人們反抗的結果是，他們的工作條件得到了改善。

Teenage rebellion is something that many parents are concerned about.|青少年叛逆是很多父母關心的事情。

<27>chore n.[C] a regular piece of work or job, esp.in a house |家庭雜務；日常零星工作 Everyday chores like shopping and housework take much of her time.|購物、家務等日常雜務占去了她很多時間。

Husbands should do their share of the household chores.|丈夫也應該承擔部分家務活。

<28>conflict

n.[C, U] a state of disagreement or argument between people or groups |沖突；爭論

There is a conflict between what they are doing and what we need.|他們所做的事與我們的需要有沖突。

I came into conflict with one of my key managers.|我與我的一個重要經理發(fā)生了沖突。

vi.(of ideas, beliefs, etc.)cannot exist together or both be true |沖突；抵觸

His statement and yours conflict.|他的話和你的話相互矛盾。

The company's desire to make large profits often conflicts with consumers' interests.|公司想賺大錢，這往往與顧客的利益沖突。

<29>credibility n.[U] the quality of deserving belief and trust |可信性；可靠性

The accident has damaged the credibility of the nuclear power industry.|這一事故損壞了核能工業(yè)的可信度。

There are questions about the credibility of these reports.|對于這些報道的可靠性，有人提出了質疑。

<30>ruin vt.|destroy or spoil completely |毀壞，毀掉 The war ruined the ancient city.|戰(zhàn)爭毀掉了那座古城。

A long strike would ruin the company.|長期罷工會毀掉這家公司。

<31>carton n.[C] a box made from stiff paper or plastic |硬紙盒；塑料盒 a carton of orange juice |一盒橙汁

I took a ballpoint pen and punched a hole in the carton.|我拿了一支圓珠筆，在盒子上戳了個洞。

<32>admit vt.accept or agree that sth.is true or sb.is right |接受；承認 He admitted his guilt.|他承認有罪。

You may not like her, but you have to admit that she's good at her job.|你可能不喜歡她，但你得承認她工作很出色。

<33>acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting or being accepted |接受；認可

The new theory is gaining acceptance among the experts.|這一新理論正被專家所接受。His calm acceptance of whatever comes his way surprised us.|無論發(fā)生什么，他都能冷靜接受，這使我們很吃驚。

<34>Self-acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting oneself |自我接受

Self-acceptance may be even more difficult than getting other people to accept you.|自我接受也許比讓別人接受你更難。

Self-acceptance is important to most youngsters.|自我接受對多數(shù)青少年來說很重要。

<35>tolerance n.[U] the ability to accept or allow sth.that one does not like or agree with |包容；寬容

We should have tolerance for those with different views.|我們應該包容不同意見的人。

My biggest weakness was my lack of tolerance for any error.|我最大的缺點是我不能容忍任何錯誤。

<36>perfection n.[U] the state of being perfect or without fault |完美 He aims at perfection in everything he does.|他做事樣樣追求完美。

The perfection of a person's looks is only skin deep.True beauty comes from the inside.|外貌的完美是膚淺之美。真正的美來自內心。

<37>imperfection n.[C, U] the state or quality of not being perfect |不完美

He admits that there are imperfections in the social system.|他承認社會制度有不完美的地方。The design of the test has some imperfections.|這一考試的設計有不完美的地方。

<38>approach v.move closer |接近，靠近

She heard footsteps approaching from behind.|她聽到身后有腳步聲向她靠近。As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs.|在我靠近房子時，我注意到樓上有盞燈亮著。

vt.begin to consider or deal with |處理

What is the best way to approach this problem? |著手處理這個難題的最好辦法是什么？

It might be possible to approach the issue in a different way.|或許可以用另一種方式來處理這個問題。

n.1.[C] a method of doing sth.or dealing with a problem |方法；途徑

Parents don't always know what approach to take with teenage children.|父母往往不知道怎樣對待十多歲的孩子。

The company needs to adopt a different approach to this matter.|處理這個問題，公司需要一種不同的方法。

2.[U] the act of moving closer |接近，靠近

With the approach of winter, animals begin collecting food.|冬天來臨，動物開始儲藏食物。At their approach the boy ran away.|他們走近時，小男孩跑開了。

<39>hurtful a.painful to the feelings |傷感情的；刻薄的 His words were hurtful.|他的話很傷感情。

Don't say such hurtful things to your friend.|別對你的朋友說這樣傷感情的話。

<40>argument n.1.[C] a disagreement, esp.one that is noisy |爭論，爭吵

She had an argument with her father about music.|她和她父親為了音樂問題而爭吵。She told the police that she and her husband had an argument before he left.|她告訴警察，在丈夫離開前，她和他吵了架。

2.[C] a reason given to support or oppose sth.|論據(jù)；論點

His argument was that if they bought a smaller car, they would save money.|他的理由是，如果買輛小的車，他們就可以省點錢。

Do you agree with the argument that violence on TV makes people behave violently? |電視里的暴力使人們行為充滿暴力，你同意這種觀點嗎？

<41>humor n.[U](BrE humour)the quality of causing fun |幽默；詼諧

|It's an awful situation but at least you can see the humor in it.|處境雖然尷尬，但你至少可看到其中的幽默。

Do the best you can, hope for the best, and try to keep a sense of humor.|盡力干，往好的方面想，力求保持幽默感。

<42>possibility n.[C, U] sth.that might happen or be true |可能（發(fā)生）的事；可能性 There is a strong possibility that they will win the election.|他們很有可能在選舉中獲勝。

What's the possibility of the weather getting better before the weekend? |周末之前天氣好轉的可能性有多大？

<43>awaken v.wake up or make sb.wake up |醒來；喚醒

He awakened to see it was already 10 in the morning.|他醒來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)已是上午10點。We were awakened by a loud knock at the door.|敲門聲音很大，把我們吵醒了。

<44>neglect vt.give little or no attention to |忽視，忽略

The garden has been neglected for a long time.|花園已很久沒有人照管了。

Four security guards were accused of neglecting their duties.|四位保安人員被指控失職。

n.[U] failure to look after sth.or sb.properly |忽略，疏忽

The accident was caused by neglect of duty.|事故是由于玩忽職守引起的。

After years of neglect, the road was in poor condition.|由于幾年無人維護，這條路的路況很糟糕。

Phrases and Expressions <45>as a result |because of sth.that has happened |結果是

There was a heavy snow and, as a result, she was late.|她由于下大雪而遲到了。

A terrible earthquake took place last week.As a result, 2,500 people were killed.|上周發(fā)生了可怕的地震，結果死了2,500人。

<46>in turn |1.as a result of sth.|因此，轉而

One of the members told the story to his friend who, in turn, leaked it to a reporter.|一名成員將情況告訴了他的朋友，這個朋友轉而將消息告訴了記者。

Stressful environment leads to unhealthy behavior, which in turn increase the risk of heart disease.2.one after the other, esp.in a particular order |依次；輪流

There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn.|女士們依次發(fā)言，聽眾對每個人報以歡呼。

We drove in turn so that each of us could rest a bit.|我們輪流開車，以便大家都能休息一會。

<47>tap into |understand sth.such as people's ideas, beliefs or attitudes |了解

The survey is aimed to tap into people's attitudes toward the new policy.|這項調查旨在了解人們對新政策的態(tài)度。

The program helps people tap into more job opportunities.|這個項目幫助人們了解更多的就業(yè)機會。

<48>get ahead |make progress or be successful |取得進步；成功

The best way to get ahead is through hard work.|成功的最佳途徑是努力工作。

She soon found that it wasn't easy to get ahead in the movie business.|她很快發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在電影業(yè)發(fā)展。

<49>look to |depend on sb.to do sth.|依賴；指望

He always looked to his father for advice.|他經常依靠父親給他提供意見。

They're looking to the new manager to make the company profitable.|他們正指望新經理能使公司贏利。

<50>feel like |feel as if |感覺好像；似乎

They felt like they were giving away company secrets.|他們覺得好像在泄露公司秘密。I stayed there two days, but it felt like a week.|我在那里呆了兩天，但覺得好像呆了一周。

<51>the way |(used to introduce a clause)in the way that |以...方式，以...方法

He does not bother about small matters the way his elder brother does.|他不像他哥哥常為瑣事而操心。

He tried to decorate his house the way we did.|他盡力像我們一樣裝修房子。

<52>sound like |seem |聽起來；似乎

Becoming a doctor sounds like a good idea.|當醫(yī)生似乎是個好主意。

Malta sounds like a great place for a holiday.|馬耳他似乎是個度假的好地方。

<53>rather than |instead of |而不是

It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me.|讓我生氣的是他話中的意思，而不是他所說的話。

Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them.|發(fā)展核科學應該是為了造福人類而不是傷害人類。

<54>point of view |a particular way of seeing or judging a situation, person, event, etc.|觀點，意見

He always put his point of view with courage.|他總是大膽地說出自己的觀點。

From an economic point of view, the new development will benefit the town greatly.|從經濟角度看，新的發(fā)展大大有利于這個城鎮(zhèn)。

<55>as opposed to |used to compare two things and show they are different from each other |與...對照；而不是

This is a book about business practice as opposed to theory.|這本書講的商業(yè)實務而不是理論。Students have discussions as opposed to just listening to the teacher.|學生們展開討論，而不是單純地聽老師講。

<56>get across |(cause to)become understood or accepted |（被）理解；（被）接受

It is hard to get some Chinese jokes across to foreigners because of cultural gap.|由于文化差異，一些中國笑話很難被外國人理解。

We must get across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous.|我們必須讓人知道這個簡單的事實：毒品是很危險的。

<57>be concerned about

|give one's attention to or worry about sb.or sth.|擔心

If you are concerned about your baby's health you should consult a doctor immediately.|如果你

擔心嬰兒的健康，就立刻帶他去看醫(yī)生。

She is concerned about her son's performance at school.|她很擔心兒子在學校的成績。

<58>check in |1.(AmE)call a person to say where one is and what one is doing |打電話報平安

He called to check in and tell us how he was doing.|他打電話報平安，告訴我們他的情況。She checks in with her mother at least once a week.|她一個星期至少打一次電話給媽媽報平安。

2.report one's arrival, as at a hotel desk, airport, etc.|登記入?。晦k登機手續(xù)

We've checked in at a local hotel.|我們已在當?shù)匾患衣灭^辦理了入住手續(xù)。

Passengers should check in two hours before the time their plane leaves.|旅客要在起飛前兩小時辦理登機手續(xù)。

<59>put sth.Away |put sth.where one usually keeps it |把某物收好或放好 Put the books away on the bookshelf.|把書放回到書架上。He put his toys away every night.|他每晚都把玩具收拾好。

<60>lose one's cool

|lose one's calmness and self-control |失去冷靜

His teacher lost his cool when the boy was late again.|男孩又遲到了，他的老師很生氣。

I should not have lost my cool and behaved in that manner.|我真不該生氣，做出那樣的行為。

<61>awaken sb.to sth.|make sb.aware of sth.|使某人意識到某事

We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment.|我們必須使人們認識到保護環(huán)境的必要性。

The program awakens us to the danger of pollution.|這個節(jié)目讓我們認識到污染的危害。

有代溝嗎？

“代溝”這一術語出現(xiàn)于20世紀60年代。代溝的概念之一是指父母和孩子有不同的價值觀和信仰。因此，很多父母害怕孩子贊成伙伴的觀點，父母轉而失去影響力。雖然這個術語還是常常被使用，有人卻開始問這個問題：“今天的社會還有代溝嗎？”

有一項研究比較了四代人：18-30歲的人，31-48歲的人，49-62歲的人，63歲和63歲以上的人，問了幾個問題以了解人們對一些問題的基本信仰和價值觀，如“努力工作是成功之道”，“美國是世界上最佳的生活地”。四代人給出的答案非常接近。

許多對年輕人的研究駁斥了代溝這一觀念的存在。這些研究顯示，較之父母對音樂、服裝和何為“酷”的評價，年輕人更趨于贊同伙伴的見解，與此同時，在生活中更重要的方面，如職業(yè)生涯、終身目標等，他們還是繼續(xù)依賴父母的基本價值觀和指導。

當然，總趨勢是不能時時用于個例的。覺得在我們和我們的十多歲孩子之間好像存在令人不快的“代溝”，需要彌合它，這是自然的。然而，問題也許不在于見解和價值觀的不同，而在于我們相互理解和溝通的方式。下面的建議摘自于一篇題為“彌合代溝”的文章，也許對彌合代溝有所幫助。

尊重他人。尊重與信任是能感染人的。年輕人往往以父母看待他們的方式看待自己。反過來，當你表示你尊重他們有能力決策和從錯誤中學習時，他們會因此而獲得自信和自尊。

多聽少說。詢問聽起來可能像審問，不要這樣。應該抱有好奇的態(tài)度而不是控制之心。問些這樣的問題：“怎么會這樣？你現(xiàn)在怎么看？當時吃驚嗎？現(xiàn)在打算怎么做？你有什么計劃？這事你是不是需要幫助？”如果你的目的只是聽，在孩子說話時，你就需小心別在心里琢磨怎么回答。這樣你會聽得更好，而孩子也會受到鼓勵說得更多。

先問孩子是否想聽，然后才說你的觀點。只有當孩子說“是”時才繼續(xù)說下去，而且要簡潔。不要說教，不要期待孩子同意你的觀點。說話時，如果你的態(tài)度是“我是這樣理解的”，而不是“這樣看問題才對”，孩子就可能更愿意聽，而不會有逆反心理。

用“我們”而不用“你”?！半x開家之前我們要做家務，我們怎么料理必須做的事呢？” 不論你用什么方式，只要能將“這是我們共同的事”這一信息傳達給孩子，就有助于彌合本可能由沖突帶來的鴻溝。

保持冷靜。交談時生氣或者太激動，你就可能輕易地毀了自己的可信度。不要說“你毀了你的一生！”而要說“我擔心如果......會怎么樣。在這種情況下，你想你可能怎么辦？”

不要使用雙重標準。青少年非常警惕雙重標準。別指望他們遵守你自己都不遵守的規(guī)則。無論是打電話報平安，還是叫他們收拾東西，或用奶盒喝牛奶，“照我說的做”而不是“照我做的做”是不會改善關系的。

承認自己的錯誤，說說你從他們身上學到了什么。表現(xiàn)出自我接受和對不完美的容忍能很好地鼓勵青少年（以及你身邊的其他人），也往往能讓他們更容易接近你，向你提出問題、表達遺憾甚至對你提出挑戰(zhàn)。當你認為自己做錯了事或說錯了話，比如發(fā)了脾氣或爭論時說了令人傷心的話，就道歉。

有欣賞之心。青少年常有幽默感，充滿活力，看什么事都覺得可能，這些能使父母意識到自己身上已被忘記或忽略的好的方面。當十多歲的孩子體驗到被人愛時，他們通常表現(xiàn)得更可愛。Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 3 Preview When we are faced with a problem that we are unable to solve, a simple act of kindness from a stranger may provide a solution, lift our spirits, and even change our lives.Further, their actions may give us an example to follow in our own lives.Even when facing personal problems of our own, we need to choose to make other people?s lives better with our courage, imagination, and generosity.We should live our daily lives with the goal of helping others, and provide support without thinking of our own gains.If we live our lives in this way, we will find the satisfaction and purpose that we seek.Section A Pre-reading Activity In this story, a man describes that he felt ashamed when walking down the street with his crippled father when he was younger.He did not like the way people stared at the two of them.His father, on the other hand, never showed that he noticed others? reactions to his disability.He was very active and often took part in activities with his son.Over time, the son learned that his father had a very good heart.His father has been gone for many years now and he regrets not telling him how much he admired him.He often remembers the example his father set 1.Because his father was crippled.2.2.He felt ashamed to be with his father when he was younger.Now he regrets not telling his father how much he admired him.Text: A Good Heart to Lean On

Language Point

Language Point 1 | More than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance.| Meaning: Dad supported me emotionally and mentally more than I knew.Language Point 2 | He was severely crippled and very short...(Para.1)| Cultural Notes: Whereas at one time it might have been acceptable to call a person a “cripple” if injuries or deformities kept him from walking properly, it is no longer so.Nowadays we use the terms “handicapped person” or “disabled person”/individual instead of “cripple”.Some especially sensitive people prefer the terms “handi-capable person” and “specially-abled person”.Language Point 3 | I would inwardly struggle at the unwanted attention.(Para.1)| Meaning: I tried to overcome my feelings of embarrassment caused by the people who watched us;I did not want them to watch us.Language Point 4 | If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on.(Para.1)| Meaning: He never showed that he was aware of it or troubled.Note that the conjunction “if” is used here to mean “although”.| More examples:| If she's poor, at least she's honest.
她雖然窮，至少她是誠實的。
It was a nice meal, if a little expensive.
那是一頓美餐，雖然貴了點。

Language Point 5 | It was difficult to coordinate our steps—his halting, mine impatient...(Para.2)| Meaning: We had difficulty walking together at the same speed because he was slow and unsteady and I walked quickly, having no patience to wait for him...Language Point 6 | But as we started out, he always said, “You set the pace.I will try to adjust to you.”(Para.2)| Meaning: But when we began our walk, he always said, “You set the speed of our walk and I will try to change my speed to keep up.”

Language Point 7 | He went to work sick...(Para.3)| Meaning: He went to work even when he was ill...| Here the adjective “sick” indicates a clause “even when he was sick”.| More examples:| He went to bed hungry last night.
他昨晚是餓著肚子上床睡覺的。
The tomatoes should be picked green.
這些西紅柿應該青的時候摘。

Language Point 8 |...despite nasty weather.(Para.3)| Meaning:...although the weather was very bad.Language Point 9 |...and would make it to the office even if others could not.(Para.3)| Meaning:...and he would arrive on time at the office even if others could not.Language Point 10 | It was a matter of pride.(Para.3)| Meaning: It(getting to the office on time)was something that my father was proud of.Language Point 11 | Once there, he would cling to the handrail...(Para.4)| Meaning: As soon as he got there, he would hold on to the handrail for support...| “Once” as a conjunction introduces an adverbial clause in which the subject and the verb “be” can often be omitted.| More examples:| Once(they are)in bed, the children usually go to sleep very quickly.
一上床，這些孩子通常很快就睡著了。
Once(it is)damaged, it takes many years for the environment to recover.
環(huán)境一旦遭到破壞，需要許多年才能恢復（正常）。

Language Point 12 |...the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept free of ice.(Para.4)| Meaning:...the lower steps that had no ice on them because of the warm air from the tunnel.Language Point 13 | When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must have taken...(Para.5)| Meaning: When I think of it now, I am surprised at how brave he must have been...Language Point 14 |...subject himself to such shame and stress.(Para.5)| Meaning:...make him experience such shame and stress.Language Point 15 | And at how he did it—without bitterness or complaint.(Para.5)| Meaning:(I am amazed)at how he subjected himself to shame and stress without pain or complaining.45

Language Point 16 | He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able.(Para.6)| Meaning: He never said that other people should feel sorry for him.And he didn't show any jealousy of those who were luckier or could do things he could not.| “Nor” is used after a negative statement in order to add something else that the negative statement applies to.Note the use of the past auxiliary “did” and the reversed order.| More examples:| I have never been dishonest, nor do I plan to start being so now.
我從來沒撒過謊，現(xiàn)在我也不打算開始破這個例。
I have never been to Paris, nor has my wife.
我從未去過巴黎，我妻子也沒去過。

Language Point 17 | What he looked for in others was a good heart...(Para.6)| Meaning: He tried to find qualities of, kindness, honest, etc.in other people...| Note that “good heart” is used to refer to the kind, honest, and generous nature of a person.|

Language Point 18 |...I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people...(Para.7)| Meaning:...I believe that it is suitable to judge whether a person is good or bad by whether he or she has a good heart or not...Language Point 19 | But I know at times I don't have one myself.(Para.7)| Meaning: But I know sometimes I don't have a “good heart”.Language Point 20 | Unable to engage in many activities...(Para.8)| Meaning: Although he was unable to take part in many activities...| Here “unable to...” is used to show concession.In English, adjectives or adjectival phrases are often used, especially at the beginning of a sentence, to show reason, concession, etc.| More examples:| Glad to accept, the boy nodded his agreement.
那男孩樂意接受，點頭表示同意。
Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.
主席急于作出決定，要求投票表決。
Rather nervous, the man opened the letter.
那個人很緊張，拆開了信。

Language Point 21 |...my father still tried to participate in some way.(Para.8)| Meaning:...my father still tried to take part in some activities in one way or another.Language Point 22 | When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going.(Para.8)| Meaning: When a local baseball team had no manager, my father managed to make it run smoothly.| Pay attention to the structure of “find oneself + prep./V-ing/V-ed”.| More examples:| At dusk, they found themselves at a valley.
黃昏時，他們來到一個山谷。
I found myself agreeing with everything she says.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)她說什么我都同意。
They woke up to find themselves surrounded by water.
他們醒來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)被水包圍了。|

Language Point 23 |...where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.(Para.8)| Meaning:...where he could enjoy himself by just sitting and watching.| In English, “have a good(hard, difficult, etc.)time” is usually followed directly by

-ing verb phrases without using any preposition.|

More examples:| I had a hard time finding you.
我費了好大勁才找到你。
She had a difficult time persuading him to accept the job.
她好不容易勸說他接受了那份工作。
In Spain she had a good time swimming and sunbathing on the beach.
在西班牙，她又游泳又在海灘上曬太陽，過得很愉快。

Language Point 24 | On one occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving.(Para.9)| Meaning: Once a fight suddenly started at a beach party and everyone at the party struck and pushed each other.Language Point 25 | He wasn't content to sit and watch...(Para.9)| Meaning: He wasn't satisfied just sitting and watching...Language Point 26 |...but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft sand.(Para.9)| Meaning:...but he couldn't stand on the soft sand without help.| The adjective “unaided” is used here to show the condition of being without help.|

Language Point 27 | But the next day people kidded him by saying...(Para.10)| Meaning: But the following day people made fun of him and said...Language Point 28 |...it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive before the fight began.(Para.10)| Meaning:...it was the first time any fighter was asked to admit defeat before the fight started.Language Point 29 | And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office.(Para.11)| Meaning: And when I came home from the Navy for a holiday, he made sure that I visited his office.Language Point 30 |...and I could have done this, too, if things had been different.(Para.11)| Meaning:...and I could have done the same thing too, if I had not been severely crippled like this.| Pay attention to the subjunctive mood used in the sentence.|

Language Point 31 | He has been gone many years now...(Para.12)| Meaning: He has been dead for many years now...| “Be gone” is a more pleasant, less direct way of saying “be dead”.This use of language is called euphemism(委婉語).| Another example:| His father passed away(= died)last year.
他父親是去年過世的。

Language Point 32 | I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks.(Para.12)| Meaning: I don't know(even today)whether he realized that I was unwilling to be seen with him during our walks.Language Point 33 | If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was，47

how I regretted it.(Para.12)| Meaning: If he did realize that I was embarrassed, I regret not telling him that I was sorry, and that I didn't deserve to be his son, and that I regretted having behaved that way.Language Point 34 | I think of him when I complain about trifles...(Para.12)| Meaning: I think of him when I express feelings of unhappiness about unimportant things...|Language Point 35 |...I am envious of another's good fortune...(Para.12)| Meaning:...I wish I had another person's good luck...New Words

<1>lean vi.1.be against a wall or other surface |倚，靠

There is a ladder leaning against the wall.| 有一架梯子靠在墻上。

The old man leaning upon his stick at the gate is John's grandfather.| 那位在大門邊倚著拐杖的老人是約翰的祖父。

2.bend in a certain direction |傾斜，傾向，偏向

Don't lean out of the window when the bus is moving.|公共汽車開出時，別把身子探出窗外。Just lean forward for a moment, please.|請向前靠一會兒。

<2>balance n.1.[U] mental or emotional calm |平靜，鎮(zhèn)靜

She soon recovered her balance after she lost her temper.|她發(fā)脾氣后不久就恢復了平靜。His wife helped him keep his balance during difficult times.|他的妻子在他困難時候幫助他保持沉著心態(tài)。

2.[U] a state in which all weights and forces are evenly spread so as not to fall |平衡，均衡

Horse riders need a good sense of balance.|騎馬的人需要有良好的平衡感。

It's difficult to keep one's balance on an icy street.|在結冰的街道上保持平衡是不容易的。

v.(cause to)be even and keep in balance |（使）平衡，（使）均衡

When you ride a bicycle you must learn to balance.|騎自行車必須學會保持平衡。

Balancing my cup of coffee in one hand, I managed to open the door.|我拿穩(wěn)手中的咖啡杯，設法打開了門。

vt.|consider in relation to sth.else;compare |權衡，比較

You have to balance the positive points of living in a big city against the negative ones.|你必須權衡居住在大城市的利弊。

They balanced the profit and loss to see what had been gained.|他們比較盈虧情況，看看賺了多少。

<3>severe a.1.very bad or serious |惡劣的，嚴重的；劇烈的 She is suffering from a severe headache.|她頭疼得厲害。

The dry season is becoming more and more severe.|旱災日益嚴重。

2.strict or hard in thinking or treatment|嚴格的，嚴肅的，嚴厲的

Drug dealers face a severe punishment.|販毒者會受到嚴厲的懲罰。

The president came under severe criticism for the new tax policy.|新的稅收政策使總統(tǒng)受到嚴厲抨擊。

<4> severely ad.in a strict way |嚴重地；嚴格地，嚴厲地

The house was severely damaged in the hurricane.|房屋在颶風中遭受嚴重損壞。My mother was suffering severely from a cold.|我母親正患重感冒。

<5>cripple vt.make sb.unable to walk or move properly |使跛，使殘廢 He was crippled in an accident.|他在一次事故中變成了殘廢。He has been crippled with pain.|他感覺很疼，走路一瘸一拐。

n.[C] sb.who is physically disabled, esp.unable to walk |跛子，瘸子

Though he is a cripple, he supports his family by working hard.|雖然腿腳不便, 他還是努力干活養(yǎng)家。

She has gone from being a healthy young woman to being a cripple.|她從一個健康的年輕女子變成了殘疾人。

<6>inward a.1.located within;inside, esp.in the mind or spirit |在內的，內部的（尤指頭腦中、精神上）

inward doubts |內心的懷疑

He helped others to achieve inward peace.|他幫助別人以獲得自己內心的平靜。

2.going toward the inside |向內的

an inward curve |向內的弧線 an inward movement |向內移動

<7> inwardly ad.in mind or spirit |內心（或精神）方面

She was inwardly sad but she would not say anything about it.|她內心痛苦，卻不會在言辭中表現(xiàn)出來。

She hates him inwardly.|她從心底恨他。

<8>bother vt.make sb.feel worried or upset |使苦惱

What bothers me most is my inability to keep up with others.|令我煩心的是我跟不上其他人。His rudeness bothers me.|我討厭他的粗魯。

vi.|make an effort to do sth.|盡力，費心

Few people ever bothered to talk to him.|很少有人費心和他講話。

I never bother to iron my shirts, so they're often a bit wrinkled.|我從不愿意花精力去熨襯衣，所以它們常常有點皺。

<9>coordinate vt.cause different parts, body parts, etc.to work together very well |使協(xié)調 The plan was not very well coordinated.|那項計劃協(xié)調得不好。

We must coordinate our efforts to help people who have been affected by the flood.|我們必須齊心協(xié)力去幫助遭受水災的災民。

<10>halt v.stop |暫停，中斷，中止

The project halted for lack of fund.|那個項目因缺乏資金而停了下來。No one can halt the advance of history.|誰也阻擋不了歷史的前進。

n.|[sing.] a stop or pause |暫停，中斷，中止

The car came to a halt in time to prevent an accident.|汽車及時剎住，避免了一場事故。Production was brought to a halt by a strike.|由于罷工，生產停頓了。

<11>impatient a.1.easily annoyed;not patient |不耐煩的，沒有耐心的

Don't be so impatient!The bus will be here soon.|別這樣不耐煩！公共汽車很快就來。You're too impatient with her.She's only a child.|你對她太沒耐心了，她還只是個孩子。

2.very eager to do sth.or for sth.to happen;anxious |急切的，渴望的

They were already impatient to try.|他們已經迫不及待，躍躍欲試了。

Many business students are impatient to become managers.|許多商科學生急切地想成為經理。

<12>pace n.1.[sing.] speed of walking or running |步速；走（跑）的速度

They quickened their pace as they approached their cars.|他們接近汽車時加快了步伐。She slowed down her pace so I could keep up with her.|她放慢了速度，以便我能跟上她。

2.[sing.] the speed at which sth.happens |速度，速率；節(jié)奏

The pace of change in the computer industry is very fast.|計算機工業(yè)發(fā)展變化速度很快。I like the pace of life in the city.| 我喜歡這個城市的生活節(jié)奏。

vi.walk with slow, regular, even steps |踱步，慢步走

The policeman paced up and down the street.|警察在街上踱來踱去。

Sarah paced back and forth in the hallway, waiting for the doctor to come back.|莎拉沿著走廊走來走去，等醫(yī)生回來。

<13>adjust v.(to)become or make suited(to new conditions)|（使）適應

The former soldiers had difficulty in adjusting to ordinary life.|退役軍人難以適應普通人的生活。

The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.|人體能很快自行調節(jié)以適應氣溫變化。

<14>subway n.1.[C](AmE)a railway under the ground in a city |地鐵 He travels to work by subway every day.|他每天乘地鐵上班。I don't ride the subway late at night.|夜間太晚時我不乘地鐵。

2.[C](BrE)a path for walking under a road or railway|地下通道，人行隧道

The subway to the other side of the road was under repair.|過街地下通道正在維修。

|People are advised to walk through a subway to cross a street.|人們過馬路時應走地下通道。

<15>despite prep.in spite of |盡管，不管

They had a wonderful holiday despite the bad weather.|盡管天氣不好, 他們的假日仍然過得很愉快。

Despite the fact that she wants to see him, she turned down his invitation.|盡管想看到他，她還是拒絕了他的邀請。

<16>nasty a.1.unpleasant;horrible;disgusting |令人不快的，令人厭惡的 She could never forget that nasty sight.|她永遠也忘不了那令人作嘔的情景。I'm so glad you didn't get that nasty flu.|你沒染上那討厭的感冒，我很高興。

2.unkind|不友善的，惡意的

第四篇：新視野大學英語一試講教案

新視野大學英語（1）讀寫教程

Unit 1 Fresh Start Section A Text A: Toward a brighter future for all

1.LEAD IN Pre-reading questions:(1)What was the impression of your first day in the university?(2)What expectations do you have for the university?(3)Are you ready for all the challenges in this new environment?

2.READ THE TEXT

3.WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS(1)triumph n.[C] an important victory or success after a difficult struggle

（尤指苦戰(zhàn)后獲得的）勝利，成功，成就

e.g.Winning the championship was a great personal triumph for this young player.(2)pledge

①vt.make a formal, usu.public, promise that you will do sth.發(fā)誓；作保證

e.g.The new president pledged to cut taxes and increase employment.②n.[C](fml.)a serious promise or agreement, esp.one made publicly or officially

（尤指公開或正式作出的）誓言，誓約；保證

e.g.All the candidates have given pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected.(3)remind sb.of sb./sth.① make sb.remember sb.that they know or sth.that happened in the

past 使某人想起某人或某事

e.g.The song always reminds me of the my holiday in Hawaii.② be very similar to sb.or sth.else 使某人想起（相似的）人或事

e.g.Nancy was tall and slim, and reminds me of my cousin Sarah.(4)rewarding a.giving you satisfaction, pleasure, or profit

值得的；有意義的；有回報的

4.GRAMMAR 構詞法word formation形容詞后綴-ing ①-ing 加在某些及物動詞后，構成形容詞，主要用于表示事物的性質或特征，或某物或某事給人的感覺、情感、印象等。這類詞包括welcoming, charming, disgusting, surprising等。例如，a welcoming smile 熱情熱微笑

②-ing 加在某些及物動詞后，構成形容詞，表示某事或某人仍處于某種狀態(tài)。例如，a recurring problem 一個反復出現(xiàn)的問題

his aging mother 他那日漸蒼老的母親

第五篇：大學新視野英語3

Unit 1 1.deviate from英 [di:vieitfr?m] 美 [divi·et fr?m]不同于…;背離，偏離…;1）.The bus had to deviate from its usual route because of a road closure.因為道路封閉，公共汽車只得繞道而行。

2）.Deviate from socialism and China will inevitably retrogress to semicolonialism.中國離開社會主義就必然退回到半封建半殖民地.2.had he not been…..if 虛擬條件句類似：Were should 1）.Had it not been for his family, He'd have gone away long ago.要是沒有家眷拖累, 他早就遠走高飛了.2）Had he not saved me, I might have been drowned.我可能溺死了, 若非他救了我.3.preclude…from…英 [pr?klu:d] 美 [pr?·klud] 1)A prior engagement will preclude them from coming.他們因為有約在先,不能來了.2)That will preclude him from escaping.那將使他無法逃走.3)We try to preclude any possibility of misunderstanding.我們努力排除任何誤解的可能性.4).My present finances preclude the possibility of buying a car.按我目前的財務狀況我是不可能買車的.4.premier 英 [premi?(r)] 美 [pr?m?r] n.總理;首相;adj.第一的，首位的;首要的;最先的;最早的

1)The Prime Minister played host to French Premier Jacques Chirac.首相接待了法國總理雅克·希拉克。

2)He has acquired a reputation as this country's premier solo violinist.他已經贏得了該國首席小提琴獨奏家的名譽。3)The premier was in expansive mood.總理心情開朗。

5.whereby adv.通過…;借以;與…一致;1)They have introduced a new system whereby all employees must undergo regular training.他們采用了新的制度，所有的雇員都必須定期進行培訓。2）Whereby shall we know her? 我們靠什么認出她呢 ? 6.civic adj.城市的;公民的，市民的;1）I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我認為投票選舉是我作為公民的義務.2）It's almost ten miles from here to the civic center.從這兒到市中心差不多有十英里.7.clear-cut 英 [kl??(r)k?t] adj.輪廓鮮明的;清晰的;● This was a clear-cut case of the original land owner being in the right...這個案例中明顯是原土地所有人有理。● The issue is not so clear cut.這個問題不是那么清楚。8.no...too...不...太?

No mountains too high for you to Climb.沒有山是你爬不過去的。

No job is too small.沒有任何一種工作是微不足道的

9.write off認定?不重要(或無用)；忽視 If you write someone or something off, you decide that they are unimportant or useless and that they are not worth further serious attention.● He is fed up with people writing him off because of his age...他很討厭大家因為他的年紀而小看他。

● His critics write him off as too cautious to succeed...批評他的人不把他當回事，認為他太過謹慎，不能成事。

10.bypass(VERB)（通常為更快地實現(xiàn)某事）越過，避開，繞開 If you bypass someone or something that you would normally have to get involved with, you ignore them, often because you want to achieve something more quickly.● A growing number of employers are trying to bypass the unions altogether...越來越多的雇主試圖完全繞過工會行事。●...money for new roads to bypass cities.建造新的城市外環(huán)道所需的資金

11.persecution 英 [p?:s?'kju:?n] 美 [p?s?kju??n] n.迫害或受迫害，煩擾;苛求，困擾;.For pity's sake try to stop this persecution.做做好事,設法制止這場迫害吧..In many cases religious persecution is the cause of people fleeing their country.A case in point is colonial India.很多情況下，宗教迫害是導致人們逃奔異國他鄉(xiāng)的原因。一個典型的例子是殖民統(tǒng)治時期的印度。

12.spur|sp?:(r)| n.& v n.[常用單數(shù)形式] ~(to sth)a fact or an event that makes you want to do sth better or more quickly 鞭策；激勵；刺激；鼓舞同義詞motivation His speech was a powerful spur to action.他的講話很有鼓動力。v.1)(VERB)鼓勵;激勵 If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.● It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats...是金錢驅使這些漁民駕著破舊小船冒險出海遠航。2)cause sth to happen 使發(fā)生

.The discovery of diamonds and gold spurred（雙r）wealth and immigration in this region ……使該地區(qū)財富激增，并引發(fā)了移民潮 13.triumph|tra??mf| ~(over sb/sth)a great success, achievement or victory 獲勝;克服;打敗;戰(zhàn)勝;.It was a personal triumph over her old rival.這是她對老對頭的個人勝利。.She was confident that she would ultimately triumph over adversity.她相信自己最終能戰(zhàn)勝逆境.14.commend 英 [k?`mend] 美 [k?`m?nd] 1)(VERB)贊揚;贊許 If you commend someone or something, you praise them formally.● I commended her for that action...我贊揚了她的那一舉動。

● I commend Ms.Orth on writing such an informative article...我對奧思太太寫出內容如此翔實的文章表示贊許。

2)(VERB)推薦;舉薦 If someone commends a person or thing to you, they tell you that you will find them good or useful.● I can commend it to him as a realistic course of action.我可以把這作為一個切實可行的處理方法推薦給他。15.keep one`s eyes on the prize 執(zhí)著的追求成功.Keep your eyes focused on the prize and never giveup.16.work one`s way to throughinto(通過努力)逐步達到

.He spent 16 years with one company, and worked his way into a top management position.。。通過努力最后成為了公司高層 17.unprecedented|?n`pres?dent?d| that has never happened, been done or been known before 前所未有的；空前的；史無前例的

The situation is unprecedented in modern times.這種情況在現(xiàn)代還沒有出現(xiàn)過。Such a move is rare, but not unprecedented.這種做法很罕見，但也不是沒有先例的。

18.appoint|?`p??nt|

1)~ sb(to sth)| ~ sb(as)sth to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility 任命；委任 They have appointed a new head teacher at my son's school.我兒子讀書的學校任命了一位新校長。

They appointed him(as)captain of the English team.他們任命他為英格蘭隊隊長。

A lawyer was appointed to represent the child.一位律師被指定為這個孩子的代表律師。

2)[動詞 + 名詞短語][常用被動態(tài)](formal)to arrange or decide on a time or place for doing sth約定，指定（時間、地點）A date for the meeting is still to be appointed.會議日期尚待確定。

Everyone was assembled at the appointed time.全體人員均按規(guī)定時間召集到場。

19.handicap 英 [h?ndik?p] 美 [h?ndi`k?p] 1)（生理或智力上的）殘障，殘疾 A handicap is a physical or mental disability.● He lost his leg when he was ten, but learnt to overcome his handicap.他10歲時失去了一條腿，但他學會了克服自己的殘疾。

2)(N-COUNT)不利條件;障礙 A handicap is an event or situation that places you at a disadvantage and makes it harder for you to do something.● She was away from school for 15 weeks, a handicap she could have done without...她有15周沒上學，這給她帶來了本不該有的障礙?！?Being a foreigner was not a handicap.身為外國人并不是一個障礙。

Unit 2 1.portray ①(VERB)扮演；飾演 When an actor or actress portrays someone, he or she plays that person in a play or film.● In 1975 he portrayed the king in a Los Angeles revival of 'Camelot'.他1975年在洛杉磯重新上演的劇目《卡米洛》中扮演國王。

●...the busty and rumbustious Mrs Hall, excellently portrayed by Toni Palmer.由托妮·帕默精彩演繹的胸部豐滿、吵吵嚷嚷的霍爾太太

②(VERB)描繪；描述 When a writer or artist portrays something, he or she writes a description or produces a painting of it.●...this northern novelist, who accurately portrays provincial domestic life.這位準確描述外省家庭生活的北方小說家

●...the landscape as portrayed by painters such as Claude and Poussin.克勞德和普桑等畫家所描繪的風景

2.Exemplary |ig?zempl?ri| providing a good example for people to copy 典范的；可作榜樣的；可作楷模的 Her behaviour was exemplary.她的行為堪作楷模。

a man of exemplary character 一個具有模范品德的人 3.Takehold sb captive They were taken captive by masked gunmen.他們被蒙面的持槍歹徒劫持了。

The picture gave rise to speculation that the three were still alive and being held captive.這張照片讓人們猜測這3個人還活著，而且被囚禁起來了。

4.Dart |dɑ:t;美 dɑ:rt| [動詞 + 副詞或介詞短語] to move suddenly and quickly in a particular direction 猛沖；突進；飛奔

A dog darted across the road in front of me.一條狗突然在我面前竄過馬路。

Her eyes darted around the room, looking for Greg.她環(huán)視了一下房間，尋找格雷格。

~ a glance/look(at sb)to look at sb suddenly and quickly（朝某人猛然）看一眼，瞥一眼

[動詞 + 名詞短語, 動詞 + 名詞短語 + 名詞短語] He darted an impatient look at Vicky.他不耐煩地朝維基瞥了一眼。He darted Vicky an impatient look.他不耐煩地瞥了維基一眼。

5.Anonymous |??n?n?m?s;美??nɑ:n-|(of a person 人)with a name that is not known or that is not made public 不知姓名的；名字不公開的

an anonymous donor 不知姓名的捐贈者

The money was donated by a local businessman who wishes to remain anonymous.這筆款子是當?shù)匾晃徊辉竿嘎缎彰钠髽I(yè)家捐贈的。詞根

Onym英 ['?n?m] 美 ['?n?m] =nam,表示“名字” adj.anonymous 匿名的

an無+onym名字+ous??的→匿名的

Homonymous 英 [h?'m?n?m?s] 美 [ho?'m?n?m?s] adj.同音異義的，雙關的，同名的;

homo英 ['h?m??] 美 ['ho?mo?] 同+onym名字+ous??的→homonymous同名的 Onymous署名的 anonymous letter 匿名信

6.rigorous 英 [?r?g?r?s] 美 [?r?ɡ?r?s] adj.嚴密的;縝密的;嚴格的;枯燥的;雙語例句

1.Taxis must conform to the rigorous standards laid down by the police.出租車必須遵守警方的嚴格規(guī)定。

2.The selection process is based on rigorous tests of competence and experience.選拔過程是基于對能力和經驗的嚴格測試.7.Land |l?nd| 1)JOB 工作

(informal)to succeed in getting a job, etc., especially one that a lot of other people want 成功得到，贏得，撈到（尤指許多人想得到的工作）

[動詞 + 名詞短語] He's just landed a starring role in Spielberg's next movie.他剛得到一個機會，在斯皮爾伯格執(zhí)導的下一部電影里擔任主角。[動詞 + 名詞短語 + 名詞短語] She's just landed herself a company directorship.她剛在一家公司謀到一個主管的職位。

2)[單獨使用的動詞] to come down through the air onto the ground or another surface 落；降落；著陸

The plane landed safely.飛機安全著陸了。A fly landed on his nose.一只蒼蠅落在他的鼻子上。take off 3)ARRIVE IN PLANE/BOAT 乘飛機 / 船到達

[單獨使用的動詞] to arrive somewhere in a plane or a boat（乘飛機或船）著陸，登陸

We shall be landing shortly.Please fasten your seatbelts.我們很快就要著陸，請您系好安全帶。The troops landed at dawn.部隊已在黎明登陸。

They were the first men to land on the moon.他們是首批登上月球的人。

8.Compliment |?k?mpl?m?nt;美?kɑ:m-| ①(N-COUNT)贊美;恭維(話)A compliment is a polite remark that you say to someone to show that you like their appearance, appreciate their qualities, or approve of what they have done.to pay sb a compliment(= to praise them for sth)對某人表示贊揚

● You can do no harm by paying a woman compliments...對女人說些恭維話沒有壞處。

②(VERB)贊美;恭維 If you compliment someone, you pay them a compliment.● They complimented me on the way I looked each time they saw me...每次見到我，他們都稱贊我的外貌.9.as they are 通常用在詞尾，表示“照現(xiàn)在的樣子;照現(xiàn)在的情形”，單數(shù)則用 as it is.The wise person accepts things as they are.智者對一切事物隨遇而安，泰然處之。I learned long ago to face life as it is, not as I wish it to be.直面現(xiàn)實生活 10.calling 英 [?k?:l??] 美 [?k?l??]

n.（從事某職業(yè)或活動的，尤指幫助他人的）強烈沖動；使命感；天職;Some think teaching is a profession;but for me,it is a calling.一個使命 11.embark 英 [?m?bɑ:k] 美 [?m?bɑrk] vi.上飛機，上船;著手，從事;vt.使?上船或飛機;使從事，使著手;投資于;embark on/upon sth ①(VERB)著手；開始做 If you embark on something new, difficult, or exciting, you start doing it.● He's embarking on a new career as a writer...他即將開始新的職業(yè)生涯——當一名作家。②(VERB)登(船);上(船)When someone embarks on a ship, they go on board before the start of a journey.We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked.我們站在突碼頭上目送他們登船。They embarked the troops by night.他們讓部隊在夜里上了船。

12.deprive of 英 [di?praiv?v] 美 [d??pra?v ?v].deprive sb/sth of sthto prevent sb from having or doing sth, especially sth important 剝奪；使喪失；使不能享有

They were imprisoned and deprived of their basic rights.他們遭到監(jiān)禁并被剝奪了基本權利。

Why should you deprive yourself of such simple pleasures? 你為什么連這種簡單的娛樂也不讓自己享受一下呢？ 13.Lead by example 以身作則

Good parents lead by example rather than only tell their children what to do.14.Majesty |?m?d??sti|(pl.-ies)[不可數(shù)名詞] the impressive and attractive quality that sth has 雄偉，壯觀；莊嚴；威嚴;崇高

the sheer majesty of St Peter's in Rome 羅馬圣彼得大教堂的雄偉莊嚴 the majesty of the music 那音樂的莊嚴氣氛

[可數(shù)名詞] His/Her/Your Majesty a title of respect used when speaking about or to a king or queen（對國王或女王的尊稱）陛下

15.live on 英 [liv ?n] 美 [liv ɑn] 繼續(xù)活著;繼續(xù)存在;住在?上;以?為食;.I live on my own in a studio flat.我自己住在一個單間公寓里。

.They are still having to live on very low incomes.他們現(xiàn)在還得靠微薄的收入過日子。

.The press conference was broadcast live on Polish television.波蘭電視臺現(xiàn)場直播了記者招待會。

.The family was forced to live on credit from local merchants.這家人不得不靠向當?shù)厣倘速d賬生活。

.You'll have enough to live on.你會有足夠的錢生活下去。.I live on an invalidity pension.我靠傷殘養(yǎng)老金過活。.It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary.他越來越難以靠他的工資維持生計了。.I live on the ground floor.我住在一樓。

(PHRASAL VERB)繼續(xù)活著；存在下去 If someone lives on, they continue to be alive for a long time after a particular point in time or after a particular event.● I know my life has been cut short by this terrible virus but Daniel will live on after me.我知道這種可怕的病毒會讓我的生命提前結束，但丹尼爾會在我死后繼續(xù)活下去。

央視網(wǎng)消息：在接受央視兩會面對面的采訪中，全國政協(xié)委員、演員陳道明對圈內一些演員的職業(yè)精神發(fā)表了自己的看法。

全國政協(xié)委員、演員陳道明

有些演員職業(yè)精神遠遠不夠

記者：當您看到這些，一夜就能成為爆紅的一些明星，可能他們的片酬，比您不知道高多少的時候，您什么心態(tài)？

陳道明：并不是我們拿多少錢，應該不應該，也不是他們拿多少錢，應該不應該，是不是你認真地完成了你的職業(yè)。

記者：您理解的您的職業(yè)，應該是什么？

陳道明：職業(yè)操守。

記者：是什么？

陳道明：認真工作，全心創(chuàng)作，各行各業(yè)的職業(yè)精神，我覺得都是一樣的。

記者：如果用這樣的職業(yè)精神，您去衡量一下，現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)的所謂的明星的話？

陳道明：我覺得好的還是大多數(shù)，我也跟很多年輕演員接觸過，他們有的時候也說，說我們沒辦法，他們也要存活呀，有時候不能不隨波逐流，這個天體這個漩渦，它的力量之大，是每一個粒子組成的，這粒子是誰呢，就是我們，當你卷進這漩渦的時候，你好像是被動卷進去的，但是你到了里頭就成了動力。

記者：可以不進去嗎？陳道明：可以。

記者：要付出什么？

陳道明：被邊緣化，所以我也非常理解他們，現(xiàn)在我覺得問題出在，不出在他們年輕上，也不出現(xiàn)在貌美上，是他們沒有一個正確的職業(yè)觀，你干這個職業(yè)，現(xiàn)在動不動，什么手破了，什么哪兒摔傷了，什么冬天在水里頭，夏天穿著大皮襖，變成了一個演員的功勞，你就是干這個的，你拿的就是這份錢，人家清潔工早上4點起早，你還在被窩里怎么說呢你的職業(yè)就是這個，然后還把它當作敬業(yè)，你演員就應該吃苦，就應該吃這樣的苦。

演員自我要求必須嚴格

演員是文化作品的重要承載者，演員的職業(yè)和道德情操，直接影響精神產品的質量和社會效果。而一個民族文化欣賞水平的高低，決定了整個民族的文化氣質，作為一名演員，陳道明對自己有明確的要求。

陳道明：有些劇我不拍。

記者：什么劇不拍？

陳道明：抗日神劇我就不拍。它不光是一個電視劇的問題，牽扯到一個正確的歷史觀問題，我想“90后”“00后”“10后”，將來看現(xiàn)在的抗日劇，是不是認為抗日就是那樣，穿著皮大衣，拿著駁殼槍，男的像潘安，女的像柳如是，是不是都是那樣。

記者：還有什么不拍？

陳道明：偽歷史劇，我說的偽歷史劇，就是這個劇是完完全全不靠邊的。

記者：您不覺得，您能做的實在是太少了？

陳道明：這個只有靠行業(yè)的文化自覺，我作為我們演員，提高自己的一個鑒別意識，文化覺悟一點點提高，辨識度一點點提高，這得需要多漫長的爬坡，反正我是這樣，有些東西我是堅決不拍的，我就覺得文化問題，是一個特別重要的問題，給老百姓到底端上什么樣的菜，吃什么樣的飯，喝什么樣的湯。

記者：作為一名演員，可以給這個社會輸出一些什么？

陳道明：情感，人類良性的情感，對國家的情感，對親人的情感，對族人的情感，其實每個人如果都有一種情懷的話，良性的情懷，我覺得不愁出好片子。

記者：所以從這個角度，演員對社會的責任是什么？

陳道明：你必須要鑒別這個東西，輸出給社會，是不是能起到溫暖人改變人的作用？記者：因為演員他和普通人不一樣，有一種放大的效應，別人會向你學的，所以你必須得用更嚴格的要求，去要求自己。

陳道明：我昨天在跟劉恒老師聊天，他就說我覺得我生活上拘謹，我說魚和熊掌不能兼得，沒有說你又可以花天酒地，你又功名利祿。

記者：您要舍哪一塊兒？

陳道明：盡量凈化自己吧。

記者：你要付出的是什么？

陳道明：我要付出的是約束，對自己的約束，不是什么話什么事都能做。

記者：所以這就是您明白了，現(xiàn)在有不少演員，他沒明白這一點。

陳道明：慢慢碰釘子，我也再重復一遍，并不是他拿多少錢，我們不要聚焦這個，我覺得你拿這么多錢，是不是干了這么多的事，是不是你對得起觀眾，工作是怎么做的，我覺得我更看重的是這個。

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