第一篇：上海教育出版社牛津上海版英語(yǔ)四年級(jí)第二學(xué)期[模版]

Module 1 Using my five senses What can you smell and taste ?

Look and say

Is it …or..? It’s …

對(duì)話1 Look ,Danny.I have a glass of watermelon juice，a glass of cherry juice and a glass of grape juice..2—— What’s this,Danny? Pleseae look and guess.——— It’s purple.Is it grape juice?

---------Yes,you are right.3_--------Now smell it.Is it cherryjuice or wartermelon juice?

-------------It’s watermelon juice,I think.4-------------Taste it.What is it ?--------------It’s watermelon juice.It ‘sweet.I like it.Look and Learn

圖：Watermelon grape plum cherry strawberry

A sk and answer

對(duì)話 圖

What do you have ?

Close your eyes.Smell it.Is it a peach or an apple ?

It is an apple ,I think.Now taste it.How does it taste ?

It’s sweet and nice.What is it ?

It’s an apple.S1:What do you have ? S2:Close your eyes.Smell it.Is it … or…? S 1:It?s …,I think.S 2:Now taste it.H ow does it taste? S 1:It?s … S2:What is it ? S1:It?s …

Say and act

At Alice?s home 圖

Alice:Look,I have some fruit.They?re grapes,plums and apples.What do you like? Kitty:I like apples.Alice:Do you like red ones or green ones? KittyI like red ones.Alice:Ok.A red apple for you and a green apple for me.Kitty:thanks.Alice:How does the red apple taste? Kitty:It?s sweet.It?s very nice.How about the green one ? Alice:It?s nice too,and it?s very crunchy..Read a story

The fox and the grapes 圖 Oh,grapes!They are purplr and round.What nice grapes!I want them.2 圖 These grapes are very sweet.Yum!3 圖 The grapes are on a tall vine.I can?t eat them.4圖 Those grapes are sour.They are noe sweet at all.Answer The questions 1 Are the grapes purple or green? 2 Are the grapes sweet or sour? 3 Who can eat the grapes, the bird or the fox? 4.Does the fox like the grapes ?

Listen and enjoy 圖

In summer we often sit around.And enjoy fruit.It?s green and round.It?s red and sweet inside.W hat is this fruit ,can you guess? The watermelon!Yes,yes,yes!

Learn the sounds

圖

car park blue school

Mark has a liitle car.The car is yellow and blue.He often rides it in his yard,with his sisiter Sue.He also rides it around the park on sunny afternoons.But Mark never rides his car, when he goes to school.How does it feel ? Look and say

Whose … is this /that/ are these/those? It?s /They?re…

1.圖------Whose knife is this ? It?s very sharp.------It?s very sharp.2.圖------Whose pencils are these ? They ?re blunt.------They?re Peter?s.3.圖-----Whose pencil case is this ?It?s very soft.------It?s Jill?s.She likes it very much.4圖------Whose books are those?They?re so thick.------They?re Miss Fang?s.She has many books.Look and Learn

圖：hard

soft

Rough smooth

Sharp

blunt

Thick

thin

Play a game

圖 1 Danny ,put your pencil in the bag.圖2 Kitty,put your ball in the bag.圖 3 Peter,put your toy bear in the bag.圖4------Alice ,put your hand in the bag,Touch one thing,H ow does it feel ?

--------It?s big and round.It?s smooth and soft.It?s a ball.----------Yes,your are right.Whose ball is it?----------It?s Kitty?s ball.Say and act On the beach Kitty and her parents are walking on the beach.1.圖D：The sand is very soft.Can I take off my shoes.? M: Yes,of course you can.2.圖 D：Ouch！

M:：What?s the matter? Kitty: There?s something in the sand.It?s hard!

3.圖D: Oh,look.It?s a key.Whose key is this ?

Kitty: Let?s ask the man over there.4.圖D: Hello,is this your key?

The man: No, it isn?t.D:Let?s take it to the lost-property office.Kitty: Ok.Let?s go.Read a story

The bilnd brothers and the elephant 1圖 Under the tree,there are four brothers.They are all blind.2 圖 Here comes a man on an elephant.The brothers can hesr the elephant,but they cannot see it。圖--------“What?s that ?”asks one of the brothers.-----------“It?s an elephant,” answers the man, “You can touch it,How does it feel?”

4圖

The brothers all the elephant.“I know,” says one of the brothers , “The elephant is smooth and hard!”

“ No, it isn?t!” says another brother, “It?s big and thick” “No.The elephant is big and soft ,” says another brother.“No!” says the last brother , “The elephant is long and thin”

Answer the question What do the four brothers say about the elephant? Listen and enjoy Some fruit is rough.Some fruit is hard.Some drinks are hot.Some drinks are cold.Some toys are soft.Some toys are hard.I like eating and drinking, And playing in the school yard.Learn the sounds

圖 skirt purse Laura floor Laura is a beautiful girl.She is young,slim and tall.She wants to buy a new red skirt.The old one is too small.But she cannot find her purse.It is not on the floor.“It?s over there” says her mum, “Just behind the door!” Look at the shadow Look and say It …(does)1 Look at the sun.In the morning ,it rises behind the hill.The tree?s shadow is long.It is on the lawn.2 At noon,the sun is high in the sky.The tree?s shadow grows shaort.It is on the bench.3 The sun goes down in the evening.The tree?s shadow grows long again.It is on the path.Look and learn 圖：hill lawn path bench

Make and say 1.圖 Paint a tree and a hill 2.圖 cut them out 3.圖 Stick a pencil 4.圖 in the morning 5.圖 at noon 6.圖 in the evening Shine the torch and make a shadow.圖 ：In the morning,the sun rises behind the hill.The tree?s shadow is long Say and act

圖1.This is my shadow.She ?s also my friend.2.I go to school at seven o?clock in the morning.My shadow often goes with me.3.Sometimes my shadow syays behind me.4,Sometimes my shadow walks in front of me.5.Sometimes my shadow grows short andsmall.6.Sometimes my shadow grows big and strong.I like my shadow.Read a story Henry the dog 圖1 It is abeautiful sunny day.Henry the dog walks down the road.2 “What?s that?Is it a big black dog?” Henry hears a sound.He looks back and sees a black shape behind him.3.“Please don?t bite me!”Henyr is afraid.4.“This black dog runs very fast.”Henry runs away,but the black shape follows him.5.“Wait!You are like me.You are my shadow!” Henry stops.He looks at the black shape.It stops too.He is not afraid now.6.“Let?s plasy together.” Henry likes his new friend.He likes playing with it.True or false

（）1 Henrysees a big black dog.()2The black shape runs after Henry.()3 The black shape is Henry?s shadow.()4 Henry does not like his new friend.Listen and enjoy The shadow?s song 圖 Boom dee ah dah Boom dee ay Sometimes it?s long and tall.Sometimes it?sshort and small.Sometimes it?s on the wall.Sometimes it?s on thefloor.And when the light goes off, You won?t see it any more.Boom dee ah dah Boom dee ay… Boom,boom,boom.Learn the sounds 圖

Bee tea deer tear

Mr Bee is having tea With his friend miss Deer.Suddenly he falls into the tea, And Miss Deer cries in fear.“Don?t worry,”says Mr Bee.“I can even swim in beer.” Miss deer says “You scared me!” And then she bursts into tears.

第二篇：2014—2015學(xué)第二學(xué)期上海版牛津英語(yǔ)三年級(jí)下冊(cè)教學(xué)計(jì)劃

南關(guān)小學(xué)2014—2015學(xué)第二學(xué)期上海版牛津英語(yǔ)三年級(jí)下冊(cè)教學(xué)計(jì)劃

一、學(xué)生情況分析：

本學(xué)期我?guī)昙?jí)三個(gè)班的學(xué)生。經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)，大部分學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)抱有比較濃厚的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，但也有少數(shù)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣不端正，有待于端正學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度，掌握良好的學(xué)習(xí)方法，使之有所進(jìn)步。所以，在教學(xué)中，我會(huì)面向全體學(xué)生，尊重個(gè)體差異，始終把激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣放在首位，提高學(xué)生的聽說(shuō)讀寫技能和靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。

本學(xué)期要著重強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生的會(huì)話和用英語(yǔ)思考并表達(dá)思考內(nèi)容的能力，同時(shí)鞏固26個(gè)英文字母的聽說(shuō)讀寫，學(xué)會(huì)感知字母在英語(yǔ)中的發(fā)音。在新學(xué)期里我會(huì)進(jìn)一步貼近學(xué)生，讓他們加深學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣，從而能在新學(xué)期里取得好成績(jī)。

二．教材分析：

本套教材按“話題—功能—結(jié)構(gòu)—任務(wù)”體系編寫。話題、功能、結(jié)構(gòu)、任務(wù)四個(gè)方面緊密聯(lián)系、融為一體，既吸取國(guó)外教材注重交際、情景真實(shí)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，又發(fā)揚(yáng)國(guó)內(nèi)以往教材結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、系統(tǒng)性強(qiáng)的長(zhǎng)處，以利于學(xué)生在掌握語(yǔ)言基本結(jié)構(gòu)的同時(shí)獲得聽、說(shuō)、讀、寫的基本技能和能力。

3B的教材包含了4個(gè)模塊，共12個(gè)單元。新授單元由這幾個(gè)板塊組成： Listen and say 中的句型是每個(gè)單元的教學(xué)重點(diǎn)。Look and learn，主要呈現(xiàn)詞匯。

Say and act是情景對(duì)話板塊。該板塊通過(guò)情景會(huì)話，著重訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的聽說(shuō)技能，提高會(huì)話能力。

Sing and song 的任務(wù)是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生初步的語(yǔ)感、閱讀能力和良好的朗讀習(xí)慣。

三、本冊(cè)教學(xué)目標(biāo)：

1、感知字母在英語(yǔ)中的發(fā)音。

2、能使用日常交際用語(yǔ)，進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單交流，做到大膽開口，發(fā)音正確。

3、初步培養(yǎng)良好的書寫習(xí)慣，作到書寫規(guī)范整潔。

4、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生聽的技巧，讀英語(yǔ)和說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)感。

四、教材重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：

1、能根據(jù)教師的簡(jiǎn)單指令做事情，自己也能發(fā)號(hào)簡(jiǎn)單的指令；

2、能運(yùn)用所學(xué)的對(duì)話進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的交流；

3、能唱簡(jiǎn)單的英文歌曲，能說(shuō)簡(jiǎn)單的英文歌謠；

4、能看圖說(shuō)出單詞，聽到單詞說(shuō)出物品。

五、提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量的主要措施

針對(duì)目前學(xué)生剛開始接觸英語(yǔ)和所學(xué)英語(yǔ)水平參差不齊的現(xiàn)狀，以及本冊(cè)書所提出的教學(xué)要求，為提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量，讓學(xué)生能夠順利進(jìn)入英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)生活中來(lái)，我準(zhǔn)備采取以下幾項(xiàng)措施：

1、通過(guò)聽、說(shuō)、讀、寫、唱、游、演、畫、做等形式，進(jìn)行大量的語(yǔ)言操練和練習(xí)。加大游戲及歌曲在課堂中出現(xiàn)的頻率，充分利用低年級(jí)學(xué)生好動(dòng)的年齡特點(diǎn)，通過(guò)課堂活動(dòng)調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性。

2、將直觀教具和電教手段，多媒體課件相結(jié)合，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的朗讀習(xí)慣，打下良好的語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)基礎(chǔ)。

3、規(guī)范學(xué)生的字母書寫，養(yǎng)成良好的書寫習(xí)慣。

4、總結(jié)、積累和歸納語(yǔ)言素材，包括詞匯、詞組、短語(yǔ)、短句，并加大靈活運(yùn)用的力度，使學(xué)生扎扎實(shí)實(shí)的掌握每課書所出現(xiàn)的詞匯；

5、做好每節(jié)課后的教學(xué)隨筆，及時(shí)反思自己的教學(xué)方法和教學(xué)手段是否有效，并及時(shí)根據(jù)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)情況做出調(diào)整；

6、做好每一課、每一單元、期中、期末各個(gè)階段的檢測(cè)工作，及時(shí)查缺補(bǔ)漏。

第三篇：上海牛津英語(yǔ) 6B 作文

My Favourite City

Shanghai is my favourite city.It is one of the biggest cities in China.It is also an international city in the world.There are many tall buildings and department stores in Shanghai.Many tourists enjoy shopping in Shanghai.You can buy anything you want.What’s more, it is famous for its night views.You can also visit many interesting places in Shanghai.I like Shanghai best.A trip to ___________

Last summer holidays I went to Hainan Island with my parents.We went there by plane.The weather is very nice.We went swimming in the sea and played volleyball at the beaches.We visited many beautiful places.We also enjoyed eating seafood there.I have a good time and I will never forget it.Dragon Boat Festival

Dragon Boat Festival is an important festival in China.It is on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.People eat rice dumplings and have dragon boat races to celebrate the festival.There are two kinds of rice dumplings.They are sweet rice dumplings and salty rice dumplings.I like the salty ones with meat best.They are delicious.People celebrate the festival to remember a great man, Qu Yuan.I like Dragon Boat Festival very much.How to keep healthy

It is very important for us to keep healthy.How to keep healthy? First, we should have good diets.We must eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, a lot of rice, noodles and bread.We must not eat too much fried food or drink too many soft drinks.Second, we should have good eating habits and a good lifestyle.In addition, we should take an active part in sports and have some exercises.I would like to be a _____________

I would like to be a policeman because I think that being a policeman is a good job.In 15 years’ time, I will be taller and stronger and I will help many people.Now I am good at English and Chinese.But I am poor at sports.So I have to do more exercises to stay healthy.I hope that my dream will come true.Travelling in the future

I think travelling in Shanghai will be much better in the future.Perhaps there will be more roads and flyovers, so there will be fewer traffic jams.And there will be more underground stations.Perhaps people won’t travel by ferry any longer.They will travel by underground.And also there will be more car parks and railways.I think it will be very convenient to travel in Shanghai in the future.Typhoon

A typhoon is a very strong wind.When there is a typhoon, heavy objects in the streets may fall onto the cars.So it is dangerous to walk outside when there is a typhoon.When a typhoon is coming, we should stay inside our flats.We should remember to take flower pots from outside the windows and close the windows tightly before a typhoon arrives.Water

Water is very important to us.We can’t live without water.But water pollution is the most serious problem now.We can’t put any rubbish into rivers, lakes and seas.And also we should do many things to save water.We can save water by fixing dripping taps.We can save water by not brushing our teeth under a running tap.It is a good habit to save water.Forests

The forests are very important to us.They can provide shelter and food for animals, birds and insects.We can get a lot of things from forests.We get wood from trees.We can use wood to make furniture and paper.We get fruits from forests, too.They also make our city more beautiful and less noisy.But people cut down millions of trees every year.We must try to stop cutting down too many trees and plant more trees.Fire

Fire is very useful.People do not only use fire to cook food or boil water.In factories, workers use it to melt metals and make glass.But fire can also be very harmful.It can destroy everything.People may lose their lives and homes or they may be seriously injured in a fire.So we have to be careful when we use fire.

第四篇：上海英語(yǔ)牛津版四年級(jí)下冊(cè)教輔資料

上海牛津版小學(xué)四年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)資料

M1U1xK b1.C om

watermelon 西瓜 vine 葡萄藤 car 小轎車 when 在??時(shí)候 a glass of 一杯 grape juice 葡萄汁 not…at all 一點(diǎn)也不 grape 葡萄 often 經(jīng)常 park 公園 think 想

blue 藍(lán)色 fruit 水果

watermelon juice 西瓜汁 at Alice’s home 在愛麗絲的家

plum 李子

enjoy 享受??的樂趣

school 學(xué)校

cherry 櫻桃

inside（在）里面

yard 院子

cherry juice 櫻桃汁 sit around 圍坐

strawberry 草莓

crunchy 脆的 guess 猜 never 從不

1.What can you smell and taste? 你能聞到和嘗到什么？

2.I have a glass of watermelon juice, a glass of cherry juice and a glass of grape juice.我有一杯西瓜汁，一杯櫻桃汁和一杯葡萄汁。3.Is it a peach or an apple? It’s an apple, I tink.它是一個(gè)桃子還是一個(gè)蘋果？ 我想它是一個(gè)蘋果。4.Taste it.What is it? 嘗嘗它。它是什么？ 5.How does it taste? 它嘗起來(lái)怎么樣？

6.Do you like red ones or green ones? 你喜歡紅色的哪些還是綠色的哪些？（前句出現(xiàn)的名詞，單數(shù)就用one）7.How about the green one? 綠色的那個(gè)怎么樣。8.It’s nice too, and it’s very crunchy.它也很好，而且它非常脆。9.They are purple and round.他們又紫又圓。10.What nice grapes!=How nice the grapes are!多好的葡萄呀！11.They are not sweet at all.它們一點(diǎn)也不甜。12.I don’t like the horse at all.我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡這匹馬。

13.In summer we often sit around and enjoy a fruit.在夏天我們經(jīng)常圍坐一圈并吃水果。14.It’s red and sweet inside.它的里面又紅又甜。

15.He often rides it in his yard with his sister Sue.他經(jīng)常在他的后院和他的姐姐一起騎它。16.He also rides it around the park on sunny day afternoon.他也在陽(yáng)光燦爛的下午在公園里附近騎它。17.But Mark never rides his car when he goes to school.但是馬克從來(lái)不在上學(xué)的時(shí)候騎他的小車。M1U2

hard 硬的 thick 厚的，粗的 parent 父（母）親 blind 瞎的，盲的 slim 苗條的 soft 軟的 thin 薄的，細(xì)的 all 所有，全部的 ask 問 man(men)男人

rough 粗糙的 knife(knives)小刀，刀 another 另一個(gè) answer 回答 round 圓的 take off(put on)脫下（穿上）

one of the … ??中的一個(gè)

take … to 把??拿到

smooth 光滑的 pencil case 鉛筆盒 beach 沙灘 last 最后的 something 某物

sharp 尖的 sand 沙子 find 找到 skirt 短裙 thing 東西，物品 over there 在那里

on the beach 在沙灘上

X|k |B| 1.c| O |m

blunt 鈍的 key 鑰匙 floor 地板 purse（女式）錢包 whose 誰(shuí)的

know(同音詞no)知道

lost-property office 失物招領(lǐng)處

1.Whose knife is this? It’s Danny’s.這是誰(shuí)的小刀？它是丹尼的。2.Whose books are those? They are so thick.哪些是誰(shuí)的書？ 他們是如此厚。3.They are Miss Fang’s.She has many books.它們是方老師的。她有很多書。4.Peter, put your toy bear in the bag.皮特，把你的玩具熊放進(jìn)包里。5.Touch one thing.How does it feel? 摸一個(gè)東西。它的感覺是什么？ 6.Yes, you are right.是的，你是對(duì)的。7.Can I take off my shoes? 我能脫下我的鞋嗎？ 8.Yes, of course you can.是的，你當(dāng)然可以。

9.What’s the matter? There’s something in the sand.發(fā)生什么事了？沙子里有一些東西。10.Let’s ask the man over there.讓我們問那邊的一個(gè)男子。11.Let’s take it to the lost-property office.讓我們把它拿到失物招領(lǐng)處。12.Under the tree, there are four brothers.在樹下有四個(gè)兄弟。13.Here comes a man on an elephant.來(lái)了一個(gè)坐在大象上的男子。14.‘What’s that?’ asks one of the brothers.“那是什么？”兄弟中的一個(gè)問道。15.‘No!’says the last brother，‘The elephant is long and thin.’

“不！”最后的兄弟說(shuō)，“這個(gè)大象是又長(zhǎng)又瘦的?！?/p>

16.I like eating and drinking, and playing in the school yard.我喜歡吃和喝，并且喜歡在學(xué)校后院玩。17.She wants to buy a new red skirt.她想要買一件新的紅色的裙子。18.The old one is too small.舊的那件太小了。19.But she cannot find her purse.但是她找不到她的錢包。

20.‘It’s over there,’says her mum, ‘Just behind the door!’ X k B “它在那兒，”她的媽媽說(shuō)，“就在門后面?！?M1U3

hill 小山 grow 變得 bite 咬 suddenly 突然地 in the morning 在早上 at noon 在中午 at seven o’clock 在七點(diǎn)鐘 look back 回頭看 run after = chase 追趕 lawn 草坪 again 又，再 follow 跟著 cry 哭

path 小路 torch 手電筒 bee 蜜蜂 fear 害怕 in the afternoon 在中午 grow short/long 變短/變長(zhǎng) go with sb.和某人一起走 be afraid of 害怕 go off 熄滅

bench 長(zhǎng)椅 also 也 tea 茶 beer 啤酒

rise(go down)升起，上升 sometimes 有時(shí) deer（deer）鹿 sound 聲音 in the evening 在晚上 go down go up 落下去 升起 walk down the road 沿著馬路走 play with sb.和某人一起玩 in front of(behind)在??前面（在??后面）

shadow 影子 noon 中午 tear 眼淚

1.In the morning, it rises behind the hill.早晨，它從小山后面升起。2.The sun goes down in the evening.晚上太陽(yáng)落下了。3.The tree’s shadow grows long again.太陽(yáng)的影子又變成長(zhǎng)的。4.Cut them out.Stick a pencil.把他們剪下來(lái)。

粘一支鉛筆。5.Shine the torch and make a shadow.照手電筒制造出影子。6.My shadow often goes with me.我的影子經(jīng)常和我一起走。7.Sometimes my shadow stays behind me.有時(shí)候我的影子待在我的后面。8.Sometimes my shadow walks in front of me.有時(shí)候我的影子走在我的前面。9.Sometimes my shadow grows big and strong.有時(shí)候我的影子變的又打又強(qiáng)壯。10.He looks back and sees a black shape behind him.它回頭看，看到他后面有一個(gè)黑色的形狀。11.Henry runs away, but the black shape follows him.亨利逃跑，但這黑色的形狀跟著它。12.Let’s play together.讓我們一起玩。

13.When the light goes off, you won’t see it any more.當(dāng)燈關(guān)上，你將看不到任何東西。14.Mr Bee is having tea with his friend Miss Deer.蜜蜂先生和鹿女士正在喝茶。15.Suddenly he falls into the tea, and Miss Deer cries in fear.突然他掉進(jìn)茶里，鹿女士害怕地哭了。16.You scared me!你嚇壞我了。M2U1

play football 踢足球 play badminton 打羽毛球 club 俱樂部 remember 記得 fun 有趣的事 badminton club 羽毛球俱樂部 talk with sb.和某人說(shuō)話

a pair of swimming goggles 一副游泳眼鏡 French fries 薯?xiàng)l sport 體育運(yùn)動(dòng) before 在??之前 line 排成一行

play table tennis 打乒乓球 play basketball 打籃球 join 加入，參加

after 在??之后 mine 我的 favourite sport 最喜歡的體育運(yùn)動(dòng) swimming class notice 游泳課通知 do warm-up exercises 做熱身運(yùn)動(dòng) enjoy yourself（祝你）玩得開心

健康的 smile 微笑 never 從不

healthy

業(yè)余愛好 five 五 join the club 參加俱樂部 swimming cap 游泳帽 swimming pool 游泳池 spare time 業(yè)余時(shí)間 play volleyball 打排球 poster 海報(bào) notice 通知，布告

swimsuit 泳衣 hobby(hobbies)

pie 派

1.Do you like playing badminton? Yes, I do.No, I don’t.你喜歡打羽毛球嗎？ 2.It’s my favourite sport.它是我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

3.Let’s join the club together, then.那么，讓我們一起參加這俱樂部。4.Who else would like to join? =Would you like to come with us? 還有其他人想要加入嗎？ 5.Does Kitty like playing volleyball? Yes, she does.No, she doesn’t.Kitty喜歡打排球嗎？ 6.Let’s go and ask her.讓我們?nèi)査?/p>

7.Peter and Danny are talking with Alice in the classroom.Peter和Danny在教室里正在和Alice交談。8.She never plays badminton.她從來(lái)不打羽毛球。

9.The swimsuit cannot be too big or too small.游泳衣不能太大或者太小。10.So the water does not get in your eyes.所以水不會(huì)進(jìn)入你的眼睛。

11.Do warm-up exercises.Do them before you go into the water.做準(zhǔn)備練習(xí)。在你進(jìn)入水中之前做他們。12.It makes you healthy and strong.它使你健康和強(qiáng)壯。13.In my spare time I sing and dance.在我的業(yè)余時(shí)間我唱歌和跳舞。He gives me five and puts four in a line.他給我五個(gè)并把四個(gè)排成行。

M2U2

bone 骨頭 cute 可愛的 afraid 害怕的 dirty 臟的 favourite food 最喜愛的食物 every day 每一天 fall down 落下 run away 逃跑 cat food 貓糧 animal 動(dòng)物 vet 獸醫(yī) sad 傷心的

fish 魚 basket 籃子 pet 寵物 leaf(leaves)葉子 a large bowl of 一大碗 want to do sth.想要做某事 go back to 走回到 jump off 跳離

dog food 狗糧 hungry 餓的 add 加 maths 數(shù)學(xué)

parrot 鸚鵡 hole 洞 goat 山羊 camp 營(yíng)地 not … at all 一點(diǎn)也不 shake the tree 搖晃樹 climb onto 爬到??上面 catch the mouse 抓老鼠

tortoise 烏龜 angry 生氣的 toe 腳趾 wake up 醒來(lái)

1.What animals do you like? I like…? 你喜歡什么動(dòng)物？ 2.What food does a cat eat/like? It eats/likes…

一只貓吃/喜歡什么食物？ 3.He doesn’t eat dog food at all.他第一點(diǎn)兒不吃狗糧。4.What do you have, Mog? I have…

你有什么？我有。。5.Do you want the fish, Min? Yes/No…

你想要這條魚嗎？是/不 6.Milly sees an apple on the tree.Milly看到書上有一個(gè)蘋果。7.She wants to eat it, but the tree is tall.她想要吃它，但是這樹太高了。8.The apple falls down.Some leaves fall down too.那蘋果掉下來(lái)。一些樹葉也掉下來(lái)。9.A cat is sleeping in his basket.一只貓正在它的籃子里睡覺。10.The mouse is hungry, so he eats the food.這老師餓了，所以他吃食物。11.The mouse is afraid and runs away.這老鼠很害怕并且逃跑了。12.The mouse climbs onto a door.這老師爬上一扇門。

13.The mouse jumps off the door and runs away again.這老鼠跳下門病再次逃跑。14.The mouse goes back to his hole.這老鼠回到他的洞里。15.He wants to be a vet.他想要成為一個(gè)獸醫(yī)。

16.She took her dog to maths camp and taught him how to add.她曾把她的狗帶到數(shù)學(xué)夏令營(yíng)并教他加法。17.Flo is playing with a goat in the boat.Flo在小船里正在和山羊玩。18.Flo and Joe in the boat say to the goat,“Hello!Let’s go!”

Flo和Joe在小船里對(duì)三羊說(shuō)：“你好！讓我們走?！?M2U3

bedroom 臥室 shell 貝殼 living room 客廳 talk 說(shuō)話

bathroom 衛(wèi)生間 walk 走

kitchen 廚房 toy 玩具

usually 通常 noise 噪音 wash one’s hair 洗頭發(fā) read a book 看書 watch TV 看電視

turn off the lights(turn on)關(guān)燈

（打開）read storybooks 看故事書 chat with sb.和某人聊天 play beach ball 打沙灘球 the Chens 陳家人

bedtime 就寢時(shí)間 sand 沙子

do one’s homework 做作業(yè) cook dinner 燒飯 wash the dishes 洗碟子 Earth Hour 地球一小時(shí) go and have a look 去看一看 a fairy tale 一個(gè)童話故事 summer holiday 暑假 over there 在那里

make a model plane 做飛機(jī)模型 write a letter 寫信 dry the dishes 擦干碟子 many people 許多人 tell sb.about sth.告訴某人關(guān)于某事 a lot of interesting stories 許多有趣的故事 have a holiday 度假 go swimming 去游泳

1.Kitty, where are you? I’m in the living room.I’m doing my homework.Kitty, 你在哪里？ 我在客廳。我正在做我的回家作業(yè)。2.Come and help me, please.請(qǐng)過(guò)來(lái)幫我。3.It is Earth Hour now.現(xiàn)在是地球一小時(shí)時(shí)間。4.Let’s go and have a look.讓我們?nèi)タ匆豢础?/p>

5.I usually watch TV with my parents at night.我經(jīng)常晚上和我的父母親一起看電視。6.My dad is telling me a lot about the stars.我的爸爸正在給我講很多關(guān)于星星的事。

7.My brother Ben and I usually read storybooks before bedtime, but now Grandma is telling us a fairy tale.我的兄弟Ben和我經(jīng)常在睡覺前看故事書，但是現(xiàn)在奶奶正在給我們講童話故事。8.They are telling us a lot of interesting stories about themselves.他們正在給我們講很多他們有趣的故事。

9.The Chens are having a holiday on the beach in Sanya.陳一家在三亞的海灘上度假。10.What a beautiful beach!= How beautiful the beach is!多美的海灘呀！But Joyce still doesn’t make any noise!

但是Joyce仍然不制造任何噪音。

M3U1

quiet 安靜的 ring 響 doze 打瞌睡 bear 熊 be careful 小心 fly away 飛走 loud 大聲的 wind-bell 風(fēng)鈴 awake 醒的

hair 頭發(fā)

have a nap 打個(gè)盹.a week later 一周后 bell 鈴 crayon 蠟筆 puzzled 困惑的

television 電視 stick 小棒 unhappy 不高興的 a pair of scissors 一把剪刀

sound 聲音 string 線 wheel 輪子

doorbell 門鈴 different 不同的 square 正方形

each shape 每一個(gè)形狀

have a bath 洗澡新-課-標(biāo)-第-一-網(wǎng) In the end 最后

1.Grandma, it’s noisy outside.奶奶，外面很吵。2.Yes, there are some students outside.是的，外面有些學(xué)生。3.Draw different shapes on the thick card.在厚卡片上畫不同的形狀。4.Make two holes in each shape.在每個(gè)形狀里開兩個(gè)洞。

5.Tie the shapes and the bell together with some string.用一些細(xì)繩把形狀和鈴系好。6.Excuse me!I’m sorry.Be careful!

請(qǐng)?jiān)彛∥液鼙?。小心點(diǎn)。7.They are awake now and feel angry.他們正醒來(lái)并很生氣。8.An old tortoise lives by a small pond.一只老龜住在一個(gè)小池塘旁邊。9.She always has a bath in the pond and sings some songs.她總是在池塘邊唱歌邊洗澡。10.“I’m sorry,”the little bird says and flies away.“對(duì)不起，”那小鳥邊說(shuō)邊飛走了。11.The wheel s on the bike go round and round.自行車上的輪子在轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。12.Don’t go near that square, Clare!

不要走進(jìn)那個(gè)方形。

M3U2

clock 鐘 get up 起床

have/eat breakfast 吃早飯 do a puzzle 玩拼圖 talk to sb.對(duì)某人說(shuō)話 be late for school 上學(xué)遲到

battery 電池

mouse(mice)老鼠

brush one’s teeth 刷牙

be back home from work 下班回家 on the sofa 在沙發(fā)上 the next morning 第二天早上 last night 昨天晚上

owl 貓頭鷹

leave 離開 wash one’s face 洗臉

watch the cartoon 看卡通 read a storybook 看故事書 wake up 醒來(lái) finish doing sth.完成做某事

start=begin 開始

時(shí)間的表達(dá)方式：

seven o’clock 七點(diǎn)整

a quarter past seven = seven fifteen 七點(diǎn)十五分 half past seven = seven thirty 七點(diǎn)半

a quarter to eight = seven forty-five 七點(diǎn)四十五分X k B 1.c o m 1.What time is it now? It’s a quarter past seven.現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)鐘了？七點(diǎn)十五分了。2.It’s five forty-five.Mum is back home from work.五點(diǎn)四十五分。媽媽下班回家了。3.It’s time for bed.上床時(shí)間到了。

4.Can I finishing watch the cartoon? 我能看完卡通嗎？

5.It’s nine fifteen.Kitty is watching TV on the sofa.現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)十五分。Kitty在沙發(fā)上看電視。6.The next morning, Tom wakes up and looks at his clock.第二天早上，Tom起來(lái)看他的鐘。7.Tom runs all the way to school.Tom走在去學(xué)校的路上。

8.His clock stopped at ten thirty last night.他的鐘在昨晚十點(diǎn)三十分停了。9.A big brown owl is flying in the clouds.一個(gè)大的棕色的貓頭鷹在云中飛。10.It hits the cow and calls out ’Ouch!Ouch!’ aloud.它撞擊奶牛并大聲叫。

M3U3

always 一直 while 然而 from…to… 從…到… have a good time 玩得開心 days of the week 一周的七天 Music Club 音樂俱樂部 have meetings 開會(huì) usually 通常 shy 害羞的

often 經(jīng)常 activity 活動(dòng)

sometimes 有時(shí) chess 象棋

never 從不

at weekends 在周末 see a film 看電影

on Monday afternoon 在周一下午 have music shows 表演音樂劇

smile 微笑

Chinese chess club 中國(guó)象棋俱樂部 visit my grandparents 看望我的爺爺奶奶 have a party 開派對(duì)

have a Music class 上音樂課 in the music room 在音樂教室里

星期的表達(dá)方式：

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 星期天

星期一

星期二 星期三 星期四

星期五

星期六

注意：根據(jù)國(guó)外的習(xí)慣一周的第一天是從星期天開始的。從星期一到星期五稱之為weekdays，星期六 和星期天稱之為weekends。

1.I’m always busy on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.我周一、周二和周三總是很忙。2.I’m never busy on Saturday and Sunday.我周六和周日從來(lái)不忙。3.I’m usually busy, but I’m always happy.我常常很忙，但我總是開心。4.Peter goes to school from Monday to Friday.Peter周一到周五去上學(xué)。

5.He often goes to the school library on Monday afternoon.他經(jīng)常在周一下午去學(xué)校圖書館。6.At weekends, Peter’s family sometimes go to Rainbow Park.在周末，Peter一家有時(shí)去彩虹公園。7.They always have a good time there.在那兒他們總是很愉快。8.What do you usually do at weekends? 你在周末通常做什么？ 9.I usually play badminton with my father.我通常和我的父親打羽毛球。10.The days of the week are having a party.一周的每天們?cè)谂e行派對(duì)。11.“Let me get everyone a drink,”he says.“讓我給每位一杯飲料，”他說(shuō)。12.What’s the date today? It’s the fifth of May.今天的日期是什么？今天五月15日。13.What day is today? It’s Sunday.今天星期幾？今天星期日。M4U1

piano 鋼琴 piper 吹笛人 a bag of 一包 rubber band 橡皮筋 sit on her back 坐在她的背上

violin 小提琴

gold 金子

triangle 三角鐵

drum 鼓

recorder 笛子

be full of 充滿

a musical instrument 一件樂器 good table manners 飯桌禮儀

guitar 吉他

play a guessing game 玩猜謎游戲

play beautiful music 吹奏美妙的音樂 want to do sth.想要做某事

樂器相對(duì)應(yīng)的聲音

the piano----Ding-ding!the triangle----Ting-ting!the violin----Zing-zing!the drum----Boom-boom!play+ the+樂器, 例如play the piano

play直接加球類, 例如 play football 新 課

標(biāo)

第 一 網(wǎng)

1.What can you play? I can play the piano.你會(huì)彈奏什么？我會(huì)拉小提琴。2.The city of Hamelin is full of mice.哈梅林城充滿了老鼠。

3.A man comes to help the people of Hamelin.一個(gè)男人來(lái)幫助哈梅林的人們。

4.The people of Hamelin do not want to give the piper his gold.哈梅林的人不想給吹笛人他的黃金。5.Now all the children of the city walk behind him.現(xiàn)在城里所有的孩子都走在他后面。6.Tie some rubber bands on a pencil case.在鉛筆盒里系一些橡皮筋。

M4U2

festival 節(jié)日 remember 記得

the Spring Festival 春節(jié) relative 親戚 chopsticks 筷子

dumpling 餃子 knife(knives)刀

mooncake 月餅 fork 叉子

money 錢 during 在…期間

important 重要的the Dragon Boat Festival 端午節(jié)

the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋節(jié) the Double Ninth Festival 重陽(yáng)節(jié) Class 3 Grade 4 四（3）班 traditional food 傳統(tǒng)食物 red envelopes 紅包

eat Double Ninth cakes table manners 餐桌禮儀

rice dumpling 粽子

on New Year’s Eve 除夕夜

watch colourful fireworks 看彩色的煙火 climb mountains blow bubbles 吹泡泡

the old people’s home 老人院X k B 1.c o m talk about sth.談?wù)撃呈?have a big dinner 吃團(tuán)圓飯

watch dragon boat races 看龍舟比賽 special food It’s not polite to do sth.做某事不禮貌

1.Miss Fang and the students are talking about festivals in China.芳老師和學(xué)生們?cè)谡務(wù)撝袊?guó)節(jié)日。2.What do you usually do during the Spring Festival? 春節(jié)期間你通常做什么？ 3.My favourite festival is the Dragon Boat Festival.我最喜歡的節(jié)日是端午節(jié)。4.Many old people live in the old people’s home.許多老人住在養(yǎng)老院。5.The students in Class 3 Grade 4 often go to visit them at the Double Ninth Festival.四年級(jí)三班的學(xué)生經(jīng)常在重陽(yáng)節(jié)去探望他們。6.This is me in the classroom.在教室里的是我。

7.The Spring Festival is an important festival in China.春節(jié)是中國(guó)一個(gè)重要的節(jié)日。8.People also call it the Chinese New year.人們也叫它做中國(guó)新年。

9.On New Year’s Eve, families have a big dinner together.在新年除夕，家庭們一起吃一頓大餐。10.Children can get money in red envelopes.孩子們可以從紅包里得到錢。11.It is not polite to talk with your mouth full, and don’t run around or play with your food.滿口說(shuō)話、不環(huán)繞或者玩你的食物是不禮貌的。12 Never blow bubbles when you drink milk.喝牛奶時(shí)永遠(yuǎn)不要吹氣泡。

月份的表達(dá)方式：新|課 |標(biāo)| 第|一| 網(wǎng)

January February March April May June July 一月

二月

三月

四月

五月

六月

七月

August September October November December 八月

九月

十月

十一月 十二月

M4U3

duckling 小鴨子 worm 蟲子 make a nest 做窩 swim away 游走

swan 天鵝 heavy 重的

nest 巢，窩 lonely 孤獨(dú)的 feed…with… 給…喂… drive sb.away 把某人趕走

ugly 丑陋的

beautiful 美麗的 Mother Duck 鴨媽媽

stay with sb.和某人呆在一起 look into the pond 向池塘里看

grey 灰色的 the fourth 第四

基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞:

one-----first two-----second three----third four----fourth five----fifth six----sixth seven----seventh eight----eighth nine----ninth ten----tenth eleven----eleventh twelve----twelfth thirteen----thirteenth fourteen----fourteenth fifteen----fifteenth sixteen----sixteenth seventeen----seventeenth eighteen----eighteenth nineteen----nineteenth twenty----twentieth

（這里一共給出了1到20的基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，其中1-12必須掌握，前者是基數(shù)詞，后者是序數(shù)詞，比如說(shuō)基數(shù)詞是一，相對(duì)應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞就是第一，在句子中序數(shù)詞必須要加the）1.Mother Duck is making a nest.鴨媽媽在造窩。2.Now there are four eggs in the nest.現(xiàn)在窩里有四個(gè)蛋。

3.Mother Duck feeds her babies with small worms.鴨媽媽給他的孩子喂小蟲。4.The big grey duckling eats all of them.那灰色的大小鴨吃掉所有小蟲。

5.The ugly duckling is too heavy so he swims behind them.丑小鴨太重了以至于游在他們后面。6.The ugly duckling goes into a house, but an old woman drives him away.丑小鴨走進(jìn)一個(gè)房子，但一個(gè)老婦人趕走他。

第五篇：上海牛津英語(yǔ)高二上第一學(xué)期全部課文

S2A

Chapter 1

Reading My favorite sport

Skiing is my favorite sport, even though I have only skied for four days in my whole life.Last year, my father promised to take me on a holiday if I did well in my exams.When I got straight A’s, Dad said’ ‘How about a weekend at the Botanical Gardens? ’

However, my mu said, ‘No, you promised a special holiday.I think you ought to keep your word.’ And, despite the expense, he did，M y dream was to see some real snow, so in the Christmas vacation we flew to Seoul, South Korea, and then took a shuttle bus which runs back and forth between Seoul and Muju Resort.As the bus climbed through the mountains, we saw the snow in the trees.I was dying to get out of the bus.No one in my family had ever touched snow before.We were all like little children---we picked it up, made snowballs, and threw them at each other!Then we checked in at the hotel.Our room overlooked one of the ski slopes.The slope was floodlit, so we watched people skiing until 10 p.m.We could not wait to try it ourselves.The next day we had our first skiing lesson.We rented our ski suits, boots ad skis, and went outside onto the snow.Wearing skis for the first time makes you feel very strange.Suddenly you find you cannot even walk.Our instructor took us onto a gentle slope, and showed us some basic skills.In order to do up a hill, you have to stand sideways, and go up step by step.You must point the tips of your skis together so that you can stop.However, the tips must not cross, or you will fall.You should not ski alone in case you fall and get injured.To be honest, that first lesson was not a great success, and I kept falling down!

However, the next day I definitely improved.I only fell over a few times, and I managed to do a few longer runs.I felt pleased with myself, and the instructor congratulated me, so I felt great.Although it was very cold, I spent most of that holiday skiing.It was the most wonderful time of my life.Nevertheless, it was all over too soon.Now I have decided to work part-time this summer, so I can earn enough money for another super skiing holiday.More reading Faster, Higher, Stronger

The Olympic Games have a long history.The first modern Games were held in Athens, Greece in 1896.Every four years, athletics from all over the world compete in various sports at the Games.The largest group participates in athletics.‘Athletics’ refers to sports in four areas: track, field, road and combined events.Track events, such as running and hurdling, test a person’s speed.In order to win a track event, a person needs to go faster than everyone else.Field events, however, test how high or far someone can jump in events such as the long jump or high jump.They also test how far someone can throw in events such as the shot-put, discus or javelin.The marathon and race walks are road events.They test endurance.In combined events, athletes are required to compete in a series of competition from each category.The most famous combined event is the decathlon.The decathlon involves ten different athletics events that take place over two days.Since the decathlon involves ten different athletics events that take place over two days.Since the decathlon tests all-around physical ability, the winner of the decathlon is often called ‘the world‘s greatest athlete.’ Although all Olympic sports are equal in importance, athletics is, in many ways, the best picture of the Olympic motto ‘Faster, Higher, Stronger”.The desire of humanity to do better---to run faster, to soar higher and to push farther---is what the Olympics are all about.Chapter 2

Reading Tutorial centres

Helpful

I have been studying at a tutorial centre for two years.The fees are very reasonable, and my command of English has improved greatly since I started.My tutors are all qualified teachers.They are sincere and kind.I have been helped a lot by them.One of my teachers was British.At first, I could not say anything to her.However, later I learnt how to communicate in English with a westerner.I think that the tutorial centre has given me a lot of confidence in using English.I go to sleep

I have been attending a tutorial centre for two months.I have been forced to attend by my parents, but I do not think it is useful for me.I am always very tired after school.Sometimes I even sleep during the classes in the evening.Furthermore, the teachers are very boring.They give us a lot of supplementary exercises but they teach us nothing.I usually read comics during class.Sometimes I go to a video arcade instead.I think tutorial centres are useless Waste of money

I have studied at a tutorial centre for one year.However, I think that I have been cheated.These tutorial centres are only interested in making money, so they accept too many students for each class.However, they do not want to pay for good teachers.My English teacher was a university student who studied physics, not English!

Very often, he could not answer our questions about the use of the language.In my opinion, it is better to spend more time on school work than to waste money at a ‘money-making’ tutorial centre.Good and bad

I have experienced both good and bad tutorial centres.In my first centre, I was in a very big class.My teacher was an Australian.He just talked about his travels.I could learn nothing from him.I left within a month.Then I ask all my friends for their advice.As a result of their recommendations, I enrolled on a course at another centre.The teachers are excellent here and the classes are small.We have been taught many good techniques for developing our language and studying skills.There are both good and bad tutorial centres, so you must do some detective work before you enroll.However, the most important thing is whether you are willing to learn and to work hard.The key factor is yourself.More reading Independent learning Independent learning is one solution for those who want to continue their education, nut have no time for it.It is often described as ‘a(chǎn) class of one’, because you work alone.You study at your own pace, at a time and place convenient for you.These courses can help you get a degree, help your career, or help you learn what interests you.One type of independent learning is the correspondence course, In a correspondence course, a school sends you textbooks, study guides, and materials such as video and audio discs.You communicate with your teacher by mail.Your teacher reads your papers and makes comments, Your marks are recorded by the school before they are mailed back to you.A newer style of independent learning is e-learning.With e-learning, you study using computer software or the Internet.You can learn on your own, or you can enroll on a course.Usually, in an e-learning course, students communicate with their teachers through e-mail.However, some students have been using video recently.This allows the teacher and the students to see and communicate with each other at the same time.Independent learning gives you the freedom to adapt your learning to your lifestyle.However, it requires self-discipline and hard work, so not everyone is successful at it.Those who are successful receive a real sense of achievement and satisfaction.Chapter 3

Reading Fashion

My topic is ‘Fashion’.Fashion is important to almost all of us.By fashion, we usually mean popular trends in styles of dress.When we do out or to a party, we usually like to wear fashionable clothes.To illustrate my talk, I have brought along five objects.My first object is this blouse.It looks beautiful, doesn’t it? It’s my most expensive piece of clothing, and I love it.It cost me $200.It may seem very extravagant, but I could afford it with my own savings.It wasn’t easy for me to earn the money, but when buying clothes, I think the more you spend the better the quality.So you see, fashion is quite important to me.However, I’m not as keen on fashion as my brother Gary.Last summer, he won a free trip to London in a contest.The organizers wanted to show him some famous sights.But he didn’t appreciate old buildings.He just spent all his time searching for the coolest pair of trainers!For him, fashion was more important than culture.These are the trainers he bought.Was it worth a trip to London to buy these? Well, I don’t think so.It was a waste of time and money.Fashion is very big business.Changes in fashion can create or ruin jobs.As an example, I have brought this blonde wig to show you.It belongs to one of my mum’s friends.In the 1960s, these were very fashionable.But a few years later fashions changed, and women wore wigs much less often.Many wig factories closed down, and hundreds of workers lost their jobs, which was terrible!

Fashion can affect the natural world, as well.I’m holding an old hat borrowed from a drama company.It’s made of beaver fur.These hats were very fashionable about 200 years ago.As a result, beavers almost became extinct.Luckily, in the 1850s, these hats went out of style and the beavers were saved.Finally, we should remember the saying,’ never judge a book by its cover.’ Clothes will not make us more or less clever, better or worse, more or less honest.I once saw a movie about Mother Teresa.She spent all her life helping poor people in India, most of whom were dying.In 1979, she was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.When she flew to get the award, she wore the same old clothes as usual, and carried all her possessions in a little bag like this, which I bought in a market.This reminds us that fashion is not the most important thing in life.Thank you.More reading Uniform fashion good for young students

School uniforms are not part of the traditional way of life in the USA.In 1987, Cherry Hill Elementary, which is in the Maryland, went against tradition by becoming the first public school in the USA to make students wear uniforms.The school did this to reduce trouble caused by the students’ love of fashion.Since this new programme has proved to be a good way to promote safety and discipline, other schools soon followed.By 2000, 12 pert cent of American public schools required school uniforms.The introduction of school uniforms has helped reduce school violence.Much of school violence is linked to the wearing of gang colours, which are the clothes worn by different youth gangs.In schools with youth gangs, the number of fights decreased by 40 per cent after uniforms wre introduced.Uniforms also send a message that students are at school to study, not to play.They reduce peer pressure and create school pride.These things help raise the academic level of the students.Although school uniforms are popular in some areas, this new tren has met strong resistance from many parents, some of whom angrily complain that uniforms keep students from showing their individuality.A few parents have even gone too curt to stop school uniforms from being introduced.For this reason, it is unlikely that uniforms will ever be adopted nationwade.Chapter 4

Reading The hamburger business

In 1954, an American businessman called Ray Kroc was selling milkshake machines.One small drive-in hamburger stand in California bought not one but eight of these expensive machines.Surprised by this Kroc decided to go and visit it.Arriving before the hamburger stand opened, Kroc sat in his car and watched.A team of young people in uniforms appeared and started cleaning the stand and its car park, making everything neat and tidy.When opened for business, the hamburger stand was immediately filled with customers.The staff were cheerful, fast and polite.The food was excellent.Impressed by the cleanliness, service and food, Kroc looked up at the name over the hamburger stand.It read, ‘McDonald’s Hamburgers’.Although started six years earlier, in 1948, McDonald’s was still a small business owned by two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald.Kroc suggested that they should set up more outlets, but the brothers were happy with their life and did not want to expand further.However, they did allow Kroc to launch other branches of McDonald’s for them.That was the start of the biggest fat-food company in history.In 1955, Kroc opened his first McDonald’s near Chicago, and many more swiftly followed.In 1959, the 100th McDonald’s was opened.In 1961, Kroc took over complete ownership of the business from the brothers by paying them US $2.7 million.By 1972, a new McDonald’s was being opened every day, and by 1974 there were over 3,000 restaurants.McDonald’s came to Hong Kong in 1975, and was introduced into Shenzhen in1990.Two years later, the first McDonald’s in Beijing opened with more than 40,000 customers on its first day.Why has McDonald’s been so successful? Back in 1956, McDonald’s adopted the motto ‘Q.S.C.&V.’ These letters stand for’ Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value’.In all of these areas, McDonald’s pay great attention to detail.For example, after years of planning, McDonald’s established its largest ever restaurant in Moscow in1990.To achieve the right quality, potatoes are imported into Russia, and farmers are taught how to farm them properly, as well as how to harvest and pack them.To achieve good service, McDonald’s has one of the best training programmes in the world.It even has seven Hamburger Universities(one in Hong Kong)where top personnel can learn management and customer service skills.By 2005, McDonald’s had over 30,000 outlets in 119 countries and regions.It sells more than 100 hamburgers every second of the day.While it does not yet have a restaurant on the Moon, no doubt a plan is already being made for one.More reading The rise of chain stores in China

During the last few years, the number of chain stores has greatly increased in big cities in China.Nowadays, within a short walk along a busy street, you are likely to find a chain store of some kind---a fast food restaurant, a bakery or a convenience store.Chain stores have become part of people’s daily lives.They may pop into a BreadTalk to buy a sweet roll for breakfast on their way to work.They may visit a Lianhua Supermarket in the evening to buy some food for dinner,For a birthday, they might celebrate with friends at a Little Sheep Hotpot Restaurant.At the weekend they may go to GoMe Appliances to buy a DVD or MP3 player.Chain stores have become so popular that some people include them as a factor when deciding where to live.Why have chain stores grown so fast in number and influence? Meeting the customers’ needs is the answer.Opened in convenient locations, the stores are usually next door to people’s homes and close to bus stops or underground stations.They offer a wide range of products in a clean, well-lit and relaxing environment.Every store in a chain operates in the same way as the others do.That way, everyone knows what to expect in case they shop there.The prices are reasonable too.It seems that chain stores are a welcome development in China.They are certainly a new force changing people’s way of life.Chapter 5

Reading Virtual reality

Only 50 years ago, computers were bigger than people.Today, people can carry their laptops with them anywhere they go.Soon, we may be able to step inside a computer world thanks to the magic of virtual reality.What is virtual reality, or VR? If something is virtual, then it is created by computer technology and appears as if it were real.Virtual reality is a computer system with a special headset.When you put on the headset, you look at two tiny television screens.They are so close to your eyes that your mind will see the image as one picture, and you will believe that you have entered a different world.In many systems, you also wear a special data glove.With this glove you can reach out and touch things in the artificial world.The first VR games, already sold round the world, enable you to drive a sports car, fly a plane, or fight an enemy.In the future, it may be difficult to distinguish the virtual world of the games from the real world outside.However, VR is not just for entertainment.One day, delighted children will be able to learn geography by observing exciting foreign countries without having to leave their classroom.They will be thrilled to learn history by visiting the pyramids of Egypt, or by hand-feeding friendly dinosaurs.In addition, business will be able to use VR for many tasks.Cars designed using computers can be tested as virtual machines first, before they are manufactures in metal.Architects will be able to make virtual buildings, which they can walk around and inspect before constructing.VR can help us in hundreds of ways.Despite this, concerned critics have warned that there could be dangers in this powerful new medium.Will we have VR games in which people can commit virtual crimes? After people get used to VR, will they want to return to reality? Will we forget how to live and work with real people? On the other hand, some people think that VR will help us improve the world.By experimenting harmlessly inside a VR world, we will be able to see the dangers we may face in the future.Then we will be able to avoid them in real life.No doubt there will be some problems with VR, as there are with all new inventions.However, one thing is for sure: VR is here to stay.Get ready to step into another world!

More reading Wearable technology

Did you know that some technology can be worn?

In fact, wearable technology has been around for some time.The first people to experiment with the idea were managers of sports teams.They wanted to know how athletes could use technology to improve their performance.Special vests, created to monitor an athlete’s body, can measure how fast the heart is beating and how hard the athlete is breathing.Scientists have also developed ‘cooling’ vests to help athletes perform better in difficult conditions, such as hot weather.Furthermore, an American company is currently researching clothes for soldiers to help them run faster, jump higher and lift heavier equipment.Before long, we will have technology in our everyday clothing.A computer hidden in a coat could be operated by a keyboard on one of the sleeves.Electronic sunglasses could show us maps of where we are standing and point us in the direction that we want to go.Our clothes could also monitor our bodies.They could tell us when we need to eat certain foods, take medicine or rest in order to stay healthy.There is only one problem with clothes like these: They may be difficult to wash.Electricity and water do not mix!You could remove the electronic parts before washing, but putting them back in again could take hours.Designers are now building small wires into the fabric of the clothing to solve this problem.These clothes could appear in shops any day now.Soon, we could all be wearing electronic clothes.Chapter 6

Reading Transforming Mars

Ever since the beginning of history, people have dreamt of interplanetary travel.For centuries, these dreams have always remained dreams.However, scientists now want to make these dreams come true.They are planning to transform Mars so that humans can live there.Within 30 years, the first people will land on Mars and, by the year 2185, we will have established cities.In many ways, Mars is the planet most similar to Earth.A Martian day lasts about 24 1/2 hours(although a year has 687 days).While there is no water, there is a lot of ice in the two polar ice caps.The average temperature is-60℃.The plan involves changing Mars so that it becomes more like Earth.This means using the ‘greenhouse effect’(which we are trying to stop on Earth).The suggested programme would have five main stages.Stage 1(AD 2030-2045).The first expedition arrives on Mars, after a journey by spacecraft of about six months.The members construct underground buildings, conduct experiments, look for good sites for future landings, and also check for signs of life.They can survive only as long as they wear spacesuits, because 95 per cent of the atmosphere is carbon dioxide.Nonetheless, the low gravity(one-third of Earth’s)means they can move around easily.Stage 2(AD 2045-2095)

More expeditions arrive.Huge mirrors are put in orbit round Mars to heat the polar ice caps.The ice caps are sprayed black, so that they do not reflect the heat away.Chemicals are released into the air.As a result, the atmosphere becomes thicker and retains more of the Sun’s heat.If the greenhouse effect can be started, the ice caps will melt, releasing water vapour, and the temperature will rise to-40℃.Stage 3(AD 2095-2130)Next, plants are introduced from Earth.If these plants can survive on Mars, carbon dioxide can be converted into oxygen.The first clouds appear, and the sky slowly turns from pink to blue.The temperature goes to-15℃.Stage 4(AD 2130-2145)

The warming continues, melting more ice.Rivers and small oceans are made.More people migrate from Earth and construct towns.Forests of trees are planted.Mars is looking greener.The temperature is 0℃.Stage 5(AD 2145-2185)

Mars is getting more like Earth.The amount of oxygen in the air rises, and the air becomes breathable.The inhabitants can go outside without spacesuits.The temperature reaches 10℃.(Since Mars is 228 million kilometers from the Sun, it can never be as warm as Earth)Cities, farms and industries are built all over Mars.The transformation is complete.More reading Chinese manned space flights

Chinese people have always dreamt of flying to space.Around AD 1500, a man named Wan Hu made the first attempt at space flight.He sat down in his chair, tried 47 rockets to it, and then lit them.There was a big boom.When the smoke cleared, Wan Hu was gone.The people watching might have thought that he was successful.However, we know now that his rockets were not powerful enough to send him into space.He most likely was consumed in the explosion.Jumping ahead nearly 500 years, in 1992 China began its manned space programme, leading to the space flight of Yang Liwei, China’s first astronaut, in Shenzhou 5 on 15 October 2003.China became the third country, after the USA and Russia, to send a man into space.Yang Liwei spent only about 21hours in space.This time was beaten by China’s next manned space flight, Shenzhou 6, which began on 12 October 2005.On this flight, Chinese astronauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng spent five days orbiting Earth.In the future, China plans to have its own manned space station orbiting Earth.China is also developing a programme, named Chang’e after the story of a beautiful young girl who floated to the Moon, of missions leading to a lunar station.Chinese scientists are already researching on the idea of sending women into space.If China sends a woman to the Moon, the story of Chang’e will no longer be so difficult to believe