第一篇：高三英語(yǔ)課文詳解

In June 2013 to April 2014(essence)1, the current political affairs 11 June 17 38 points when the manned spacecraft shenzhou 10 successful launch, flight crew consists of nie, palitzsch kd and ya-ping wang.On 13 June 13 at 18 points, tiangong 1 target aircraft and the shenzhou spacecraft ten successful automatic rendezvous and docking.2, June 5 is the world environment day, the theme is “after reflection, before eating, saving”;China's theme: “destiny” struggle “.3, June 18, the party's mass line education practice work conference held in Beijing, xi stressed it is to implement the party's eighteen big determine the goals of the inevitable requirement of, is to keep the party's advanced nature and purity, consolidate the party's ruling foundation and inevitable requirement of the ruling status, is inevitable for solve those outstanding problems that the masses feel strongly about.4, on June 22, 37 session of the world heritage committee by the culture of honghe hani terrace landscape on the world heritage list.5, on July 1, nanjing to hangzhou(hangzhou), hangzhou and ningbo fully operational(hangzhou)high speed railway.On the morning of June and July 3, fightersxiluodu power station formally put into production power generation in China.On August 4, 8, night in Barcelona, Spain world championships in the 1500 m freestyle final, China's sun Yang won the gold medal.On August 9, 9, wang with the jiaolong dive to the maximum depth of 5268 meters, become China's first diving in the ocean research scientists.10 and the state council formally approved by China(Shanghai)free trade area.11, jinan of shandong province intermediate people's court of guangdong on August 22, bo to public hearing bribery, corruption and abuse of power.12, on August 24, the world's largest single capacity of nuclear power generators, taishan nuclear power plant no.1 1750 mw nuclear power generator factory for delivery.13, a few days ago, the ministry of public security, ministry of education jointly issued notice, all primary and secondary schools are to put fire safety knowledge into the teaching content.Each semester in the first week and cold(heat)fake arrange not less than 4 hours before fire control knowledge education courses.14, the country's biggest water desalination project, investment in northern power plant built in tianjin in the first phase of desalination.15, the People's Republic of China on the afternoon of August 31, 12 games grand opening in shenyang, liaoning province.This is the first time nearly thirty years since the opening ceremony of the national games held in the daytime.In shenyang on September 12th at the closing.Shandong delegation to a 65 gold MEDALS at the top.16, western plan implementation of the 10th anniversary of the symposium on September 1, held in urumqi.17, on September 2, the third Chinathe BBS for economic cooperation and development in Asia and Europe held in urumqi.18, former South African President nelson mandela late on September 22, 2013 in New York ”south-south cooperation“ award ceremony was awarded the ”humanitarian award“ south-south cooperation.19, on September 8, by the international Olympic committee voted to wrestling will be 2020 and the 2024 summer Olympic Games official competition projects.September 20, 12(Reuters), ”new Europe“ chongqing international railway passage in November 2011 the official opening operation, has become Chinese goods shipped to Europe's new strategic channel quickly, is known as the ”new silk road“.21, on September 12, the state council recently issued the action plan for the control of air pollution, to improve the overall air quality in the whole country after five years.22, September 16 ”to commemorate the 120th anniversary of comrade MAO zedong academic seminar“.The theme ”MAO zedong and the great revival of the Chinese nation“.23, the 2020 Olympic Games have been decided as a result, easily won in Tokyo, Japan.24, on November 9, guangzhou Evergrande football team won the champions league.Since this is a Chinese football professionalism won the first Asian champion.25, on November 9 to 12, 2013, 18 the third plenary session held in Beijing.The plenum listened to and discussed the working report xi jinping, reviewed and adopted the ”the central committee of the communist party of China on comprehensively deepen reform certain major issue decision“.Point to comprehensively deepen the overall goal of the reform is: to improve and development of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, promoting the modernization of national management system and management ability;We will deepen reform of the economic system should be closely around the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources;Pointed out that comprehensively deepen reform: is the focus of the economic system reform.Content: a, of great significance to comprehensively deepen reform and the guiding ideology;Second, uphold and improve the basic economic system;Third, to improve the modern market system;Fourth, to speed up the transformation government function;Fifth, we will deepen reform of the fiscal and taxation system;Sixth, improve the system of the integration of urban and rural development mechanism;Seven, build a new system of the open economy;Eight, to strengthen the construction of socialist democratic political system;Nine, promoting the construction of China's rule of law;Ten and strengthen power restriction and supervision system;Eleven, promote cultural system mechanism innovation;Twelve, promote the reform of social undertakings innovation;13, social management system innovation;14, to speed up the construction of ecological civilization system, 15, deepen the reform of national defense and the army;16, strengthen and improve party leadership for comprehensively deepen reform.26, the central decided to let go of the ”second child alone“, namely a one-child couples can have two children.On November 18, 27, international rank group released its latest global top 500 supercomputer list list, developed by China ”tianhe ii to faster than the second American Titan nearly double the speed of the top again.28, on November 11, 2013, the United Nations climate change conference in Warsaw, Poland, open negotiations again.29, on November 12, 68 session of the UN general assembly elected 14 new members at the UN human rights council, China's high vote.30, on November 22, Qingdao economic and technological development zone, sinopec yellow weifang diesel oil pipeline a pipeline explosion accident killed 55 people.31, 2013, the year of food to an all-time high, to achieve continuous decade increase in grain production since the founding of the first.32, the Chinese government issued a statement on November 23, announced that identify area delimited on the east China sea air defense.33, on December 2, 1, xichang satellite launch center in China with the “l(fā)ong March 3 b rocket, success will be the goddess of the moon three spacecraft launch.Chang 'e no.3 will be the first to realize lunar soft landing and lunar surface patrol survey, open new journey for Chinese lunar exploration project.34, 4 December the United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization passed a resolution, will Chinese abacus calculation program included in the UNESCO human non-material cultural heritage list.35, December 4, 2013, is a national legal awareness day, 13 propaganda theme is ”vigorously carry forward the spirit of rule of law, build the great Chinese dream“.34.The third national economic census on-site registration work on January 1, 2014 officially launched.35.The party central committee and the state council was held in Beijing on the morning of January 10th national science and technology awards assembly.Xi jinping to obtain 2013 annual national highest science and technology institute of physics cun-hao zhang, the Chinese people's liberation army general armaments department Cheng Kaijia award certificate.36, 2014, the central and state organs of various types of training fees will have limit, no more than $450 a day.In Washington, dc, January 10, 37, at the world space, director of the summit, China aerospace science and technology experts and international aerospace academy of sciences academician wu semillon von karman was awarded.38, Beijing normal university, the independent research and development of sea ice desalination of complete sets of technical achievements to transfer 7.5 million yuan prices to Hyde source technology co., LTD, Beijing China.The technology for the world first, fill the gaps at home and abroad.39, January 16(Reuters), led by recreation academician of cas animal research institute, shenzhen bgi and the Chinese academy of sciences Beijing life science research institute and other units to participate in a study, successfully deciphered the whole genome sequence of the migratory locusts map, this is the biggest animal genome has deciphered.40, the ministry of culture, at a news conference in Beijing announced a full national gallery collection.41, jan 22(Reuters), guangxi, guangdong will be hand in hand to build the pearl river, west river economic belt, this will be our first across the province river economic belt.42, January 25, Australian open women's singles final player li na, China has become the first in 41 years to more than 30 years old Australian open women's singles champion, but also become the first Asian player to Australian singles championship.43, Feb.6(Reuters), by the end of 2012, the country has built desalination project 95.44, China taishan station to be built and put into use at the South Pole.45, Feb.13(Reuters), in 2013 China's increasing farmers' income for the first time since the reform and opening up ”ten even faster.46, February 14(Reuters), learn from Beijing astronautics flight control center: chang 'e 2 satellite again refresh the explorations of new heights, China has now fly 70 million km away from the earth, become China's first man-made satellite chang 'e 2 of the solar system's asteroid.47, on Feb.20, according to the data published by the state intellectual property office in 2013, the state intellectual property office of 825000 to accept an application for a patent for invention, up 26.3% from a year earlier, the three consecutive years in the world.48, 23 February 22 the sochi in sochi.17 days of competition, the host Russia 11 to 13 golden nine silver copper grade is located in the MEDALS table.The Chinese team won 3 gold, 4 silver and 2 bronze in finished 12th.49, on February 27th afternoon, 12 by the seventh session of the standing committee of the National People's Congress meeting voting by the two decisions, respectively on September 3, determine the victory for the Chinese people's Anti-Japanese War memorial day, confirm on December 13 as the nanjing massacre victims national symbol of day.50, on March 1, preliminary statistics, the secretariat of the world trade organization in 2013, China has become a great nation in the world trade in goods.51, 9 p.m.on March 1, 20 points, 10 more than the dressing the mob of masked with a knife in the yunnan kunming railway station square, at the place such as cut and kill innocent people.52, the 12th session of the second session of the National People's Congress on March 5 in the morning at the great hall of the people.53, 1 20 points on March 8, the horse boat MH370 flights in ho chi minh Vietnam air zone lost communication with control departments, lose radar signals at the same time.153 of them come from mainland China, there is a Chinese passengers in Taiwan.54, our country only has complete independent intellectual property rights of the three generations of nuclear power brand“a beautiful rural construction regulations will take effect on April 6.66, with ”the new Asian future: look for momentum and free development“ as the theme of the boao Asia BBS annual meeting on April 8, 2014 registered peak.This annual meeting ends on April 11, centered on reform and innovation, and sustainable development of the three main discussion.67, reporters from the standing committee of the National People's Congress held 10 minors protection law enforcement inspection group learns the plenary meeting for the first time, minors protection law enforcement inspection.68, ”2014 · elegant Chinese“ series of reading activities and reading ”scholarly China fourth Beijing season kicked off in Beijing on April 19.On April 22, 69, is the 45th “world earth day”.The United Nations will be the theme of the activities in 2014 as a “green city”.China's ministry of land and resources in China this year's world earth day activity theme identified as “cherish the earth's resources transformation of the mode of development, economical and intensive use of land and resources to protect the natural ecological space”.On the same day, the United Nations environment programme(unep)to establish Chinese KuBuJi desert ecological control to be global desert “ecological economic demonstration zone”, and put it as the world's first desertification region ecosystem research object, make scientific evaluation.On April 23, 70, 19 “world reading day”, theme is “the earth” with me.On April 26, 71, 2014, the world intellectual property day, theme: “movie”a beautiful rural construction regulations will take effect on April 6.3, take “the new Asian future: look for momentum and free development” as the theme of the boao Asia BBS annual meeting on April 8, 2014 registered peak.This annual meeting ends on April 11, centered on reform and innovation, and sustainable development of the three main discussion.4, reporters from the standing committee of the National People's Congress held 10 minors protection law enforcement inspection group learns the plenary meeting for the first time, minors protection law enforcement inspection.5, “2014 · elegant China” series of reading activities and reading “scholarly China fourth Beijing season kicked off in Beijing on April 19.6, April 22 is the 45th ”world earth day“.The United Nations will be the theme of the activities in 2014 as a ”green city“.China's ministry of land and resources in China this year's world earth day activity theme identified as ”cherish the earth's resources transformation of the mode of development, economical and intensive use of land and resources to protect the natural ecological space“.On the same day, the United Nations environment programme(unep)to establish Chinese KuBuJi desert ecological control to be global desert ”ecological economic demonstration zone“, and put it as the world's first desertification region ecosystem research object, make scientific evaluation.7, 23 April 19th ”world reading day“, the theme is ”the earth“ with me.8, on April 26, 2014, the world intellectual property day, theme: ”movie-global love“.9, and the state oceanic administration has issued the state oceanic administration for approving a file set up yuanyang ditch national Marine park and other 11 national special Marine reserve(Ocean Park)notice, new 11 national special Marine reserve(Marine)park.10, domestic new regional aircraft ARJ21-700 ”104“ machine, after the successful completion of the north American natural icing flight test safety return to xi 'an Yan Liang.This is China's first home-grown turbofan jet regional jet in overseas for the first time to carry out the test flight.11, South Korea ”years" passenger ship sunk accident.

第二篇：高三英語(yǔ)課文理解1（本站推薦）

高三英語(yǔ)課文理解1 1.This time he has more difficulty in getting through.這次電話比較難打通。

have difficulty in doing something有困難做某事: Some students have a lot of difficulty(in)doing math problems.一些學(xué)生做數(shù)學(xué)題有很大困難。Do you have any difficulty in supporting such a large family? 你供養(yǎng)如此大的家庭有困難嗎？

2.It'll be the biggest live concert the world has ever seen.這將是世界上從未有過(guò)的最大的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。

句型the + 最高級(jí) + 名詞 + that 定語(yǔ)從句: This is the most wonderful film that I have ever seen.這是我有史以來(lái)看過(guò)的最精彩的電影。注意從句中的時(shí)態(tài)：He is one of the best men(that)I have ever met.他是我碰到的最好的人之一。

3.His greatest success has not been in singing but in organizing other singers to sing for him for free!他的最大成功不在演唱，而在于組織其他的歌唱家為他演唱，而且是免費(fèi)演唱。not?but 是一個(gè)連詞詞組，作“不是..而是”解釋，連接兩個(gè)并列的成分，表示意思上的轉(zhuǎn)折。如：He is not English but American.他不是英國(guó)人，而是美國(guó)人。They need not money but hi-tech.他們需要的不是錢(qián)，而是高科技。The servant can't read and write in English, but can speak English fluently.這個(gè)仆人不能讀英語(yǔ)和寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)，但能流利地說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。Not the students but the teacher is hoping to go there.不是學(xué)生，而是老師想去那兒。注意：“not...but” 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與緊靠它的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上一致。試比較：Not the teacher but the students are hoping to go there.不是老師而是學(xué)生們想去那兒。

4.He left school and worked first in a food factory and later as a worker building roads.中學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他先在一家食品廠工作，后來(lái)當(dāng)了一名筑路工人。work as ? 當(dāng)?: His father works as a truck driver.他父親當(dāng)卡車司機(jī)。She worked as a nurse and had a large family to support.他當(dāng)護(hù)士，要養(yǎng)活一大家人。

5.From 1979 to 1982 they were the top group in Britain, but in 1982 the group stopped playing together.從1979年到1982年，他們的樂(lè)隊(duì)是英國(guó)最好的樂(lè)隊(duì)，但是1982 年這個(gè)樂(lè)隊(duì)就停止在一起演出了。stop doing sth.是從那時(shí)起停止做某事;stop to do sth.是停止正在做的事情而去做其他的事情。如：We all stopped talking!我們都停止了講話。She stopped to enjoy the view.她停下來(lái)欣賞風(fēng)景。

6.If they managed to sell lots of copies, then the money from the record sales could be spent on food and other things for Africa.假如他們?cè)O(shè)法銷售大量的唱片，那么，銷售唱片得來(lái)的錢(qián)就可以用來(lái)為非洲購(gòu)買(mǎi)食品和其他物品了。manage是及物動(dòng)詞，后面多跟不定式作賓語(yǔ) : manage to do sth “設(shè)法完成某件困難的事”。如: It's heavy, but I can manage to carry it.東西很重，不過(guò)我可以設(shè)法把它搬走。注意：manage to do sth.的意思和try to do sth.相似，但千萬(wàn)不要把他們弄混淆了：try to do sth.是設(shè)法去做，但不提及成功與否。而且去做的事情不一定都是困難的。manage to do sth.有兩層意思，第一是完成的事是困難的事情，第二設(shè)法去做的結(jié)果是完成了。如：He tried to pass the message to his boss, but he failed.他設(shè)法將消息傳給他的老板，但是沒(méi)有傳到。He managed to pass the message to his boss.他設(shè)法把消息傳給他的老板。

7.Bob made sure that the record was played many times on the radio.鮑勃努力通過(guò)無(wú)線電廣播把這碟唱片播放了多次。make sure 弄肯定、設(shè)法做到: I will make sure that he arrives there safely.我一定設(shè)法使他安全到達(dá)那兒。Please make sure that the facts are right.請(qǐng)注意把事實(shí)弄清楚。

8.He wanted to see for himself what the problems were.他要親自看看是什么問(wèn)題。see ? for oneself 親眼看看。如：If you don't believe it's snowing, come here and see for yourself.你要是不相信這兒在下雪，你來(lái)這兒親眼看一看。see for oneself還能表達(dá)“親身體驗(yàn)”之意。如：This is a very good method to lose weight.Try it and see for yourself.這是減肥的好方法，試試看，親身體驗(yàn)一下吧。

9.He soon realized that hunger was only one of the problems in the African countries which he visited.他很快認(rèn)識(shí)到饑餓僅僅是他所走訪的非洲國(guó)家的問(wèn)題之一。掌握realise/realize的用法：⑴認(rèn)識(shí)到；了解: He realizes his mistake.他認(rèn)識(shí)到他的錯(cuò)誤。She realized that he had been lying.她明白了他一直在說(shuō)謊。⑵實(shí)現(xiàn): He realized his hopes.他實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的希望。

10.He also persuaded other people to provide money or to give help.他還說(shuō)服其他人提供資金或給予幫助。persuade 說(shuō)服、勸服。如：Do you think you can persuade me? 你以為你能說(shuō)服我嗎？persuade sb to do sth.說(shuō)服某人去做某事，如：I persuaded my mother to let me join the army.我說(shuō)服媽媽讓我參軍。還可以說(shuō)：persuade sb into doing sth.英語(yǔ)中還有一個(gè)表示勸說(shuō)、勸告的單詞advice，兩者的區(qū)別如下：persuade 強(qiáng)調(diào)勸告的效果已經(jīng)達(dá)到；advice 不涉及勸說(shuō)的效果,有可能勸而不服。如: I persuaded my friend to see a doctor.我說(shuō)服朋友去看醫(yī)生。I advised my friend to see a doctor, but he refused.我勸我的朋友去看醫(yī)生，但他拒絕前去。注意persuade somebody to do something在做謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，一般表示勸說(shuō)成功。

11.By the end of the year, the total money collected had come to over 92 million dollars, all of which were sent to Africa.到這年底，全部所得總計(jì)達(dá)到9200多萬(wàn)美元，所有這些錢(qián)都被寄往非洲。掌握total的用法：⑴adj.全部的；完全的(通常作定語(yǔ)): The total number of tractors produced this month comes to 17,000.本月生產(chǎn)的拖拉機(jī)總數(shù)打一萬(wàn)七千輛。⑵n.總數(shù): What does the total come to? 總數(shù)是多少？That will cost you $70.5 in total.你總共要花70.5元。⑶v.合計(jì): Your debts totalled one thousands pounds.你的債務(wù)總計(jì)1000英鎊。12.live ,alive 和living 都是形容詞，且具有共同的詞義“活著的”，但用法不盡相同。三者的區(qū)別如下：live 在此作形容詞，表示“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)播出”,讀音作[laiv]。如：There will be a live TV broadcast of football match between China and US.

第三篇：高三英語(yǔ)課文翻譯篇

高三英語(yǔ)課文翻譯篇

1.在1951年，吉尼斯啤酒廠當(dāng)時(shí)的廠長(zhǎng)休-畢沃先生想要解決關(guān)于歐洲最快的鳥(niǎo)的爭(zhēng)論。和他的朋友們交談后，他認(rèn)定能回答這樣一些問(wèn)題的書(shū)可能會(huì)受歡迎。吉尼斯公司聘用諾里斯和羅斯-麥科沃寫(xiě)了一本后來(lái)成為吉尼斯記錄的書(shū)。第一版在1955年出版，從那以后一直是一本最暢銷的書(shū)。

2.每年送來(lái)6,000多個(gè)記錄，但它們不能都出版。然而編輯們記下這些記錄，并以其他方式繼續(xù)了解情況。這些記錄被分成不同的目錄?！都崴故澜绱笕逢P(guān)于人體的篇章、令人驚嘆的偉績(jī)篇章、自然世界篇章、科學(xué)技術(shù)篇章、藝術(shù)和媒體篇章、現(xiàn)代社會(huì)篇章、旅游和交通篇章以及體育和娛樂(lè)篇章。你可以了解到年紀(jì)最大的人是一個(gè)活了122年164天的婦女，最長(zhǎng)的胡須長(zhǎng)達(dá)1.6米，最長(zhǎng)的毒蛇有5.71米長(zhǎng)。書(shū)中還有令人不可思議的記錄，如一個(gè)英國(guó)人頭頂重159.6公斤的小汽車長(zhǎng)達(dá)33秒鐘。

3.書(shū)中也有一些中國(guó)記錄，例如，天安門(mén)廣場(chǎng)是世界上最大的廣場(chǎng)，占地大約40公頃。中國(guó)的醫(yī)院數(shù)量昌世界上最多的，烏魯木齊是離海最遠(yuǎn)的城市，離最近的海岸2,500公里。在1997年慶祝香港回歸中國(guó)時(shí)創(chuàng)了一個(gè)特別的美味的記錄，做了世界上最大的一個(gè)餃子，餃子重得驚人，為480公斤。

4.許多在《吉尼斯世界記錄大全》的記錄來(lái)自世界體育。在許多杰出的體育成就中，一些記錄尤為突出，因?yàn)橛涗浀谋澈笥懈腥说墓适隆＜崴故澜缬涗?，在環(huán)法自行車大賽平均最快的速度是1999年由美國(guó)自行車運(yùn)動(dòng)員蘭斯-阿姆斯特朗創(chuàng)下的，雖然這個(gè)記錄令人難忘，但阿姆斯特朗與疾病抗?fàn)幍墓适卤冗@更令人矚目。在1996年，阿姆斯特朗，世界排名第一的自行車運(yùn)動(dòng)員被確診患有癌癥，許多人認(rèn)為這意味著他運(yùn)動(dòng)生涯的盡頭。然而在1998年阿姆斯特朗返回世界賽場(chǎng)。他繼續(xù)創(chuàng)下了速度記錄，2004年實(shí)現(xiàn)了他連續(xù)6次獲得環(huán)法自行車賽冠軍的目標(biāo)

5.為什么人們對(duì)世界記錄這么感興趣？我們感興趣的部分原因也許是和使得Hugh先生率先寫(xiě)了《吉尼斯世界記錄大全》一樣的好奇心。我們想知道什么是可能的，我們能夠推進(jìn)多遠(yuǎn)。顯而易見(jiàn)，一些奇妙的、不同尋常的行為和事實(shí)敘述使我們快樂(lè)。無(wú)論我們是親自破記錄，還是欣賞閱讀有關(guān)別人的奪冠壯舉，《吉尼斯世界記錄大全》都算得上是一本有趣的書(shū)籍。

6.任何人都能努力創(chuàng)記錄。然而，有些記錄這書(shū)不接受。任何對(duì)自己或他人有危險(xiǎn)的記錄都是不允許收入的，如果你想創(chuàng)記錄，你應(yīng)該首先與吉尼斯記錄大全聯(lián)系，編輯將判定你的想法是否合適，然后將你所需要申請(qǐng)記錄的規(guī)則和表格寄給你。以后如果一切順利的話，吉尼斯官員將來(lái)檢驗(yàn)?zāi)阌袊L試。如果能成功，吉尼斯官員會(huì)證實(shí)你的記錄，你會(huì)得到《吉尼斯世界記錄大全》的證書(shū)，說(shuō)明你是世界記錄保持者。

第二Unit 2 reaching out across the ocean跨越大洋

貿(mào)易和好奇常常構(gòu)成了人類巨大努力的基礎(chǔ)。對(duì)于早起文明的人們來(lái)說(shuō)，世界地圖是一個(gè)困惑。馬可波羅的故事激勵(lì)了可里斯托弗.哥倫布和其他的歐洲探險(xiǎn)家去探索能到達(dá)遙遠(yuǎn)、富饒的亞洲大陸的海上航線。然而，之前很久，勇敢的商人是真正的西部海洋的探險(xiǎn)者。

眾所周知，很早很早以前，非洲就與印度和紅海文明有聯(lián)系。中國(guó)的絲綢沿絲綢之路運(yùn)往印度、中東和羅馬去交換香料和玻璃——這些在中國(guó)根本沒(méi)人知道的東西。沿印度洋海岸也有絲綢貿(mào)易。錫蘭，憑借其中心位置，成為中國(guó)商人會(huì)見(jiàn)阿拉伯商人和了解西方先進(jìn)科技文化的地方。因此，漢朝人了解非洲并且有書(shū)籍描述了紅海和非洲沿岸國(guó)家。公元97年，甘英，一位中國(guó)大使，從陸路到東羅馬并且把一位非洲國(guó)王所贈(zèng)的禮物——犀牛角帶回到洛陽(yáng)。在以后的幾百年間，索馬里王國(guó)以及非洲沿海的島嶼發(fā)展成為世界貿(mào)易中心，主要經(jīng)營(yíng)象牙、香料、犀牛角、貝殼、動(dòng)物皮毛和糖。這些物品遠(yuǎn)銷到阿拉伯國(guó)家、埃及、希臘、羅馬、印度、錫蘭和中國(guó)的商人手中。這些阿拉伯人與非洲海岸國(guó)家的接觸未后來(lái)一位中國(guó)人和黑人的會(huì)談準(zhǔn)備了條件。公元751年，中國(guó)的旅行家——杜環(huán)被阿拉伯軍隊(duì)所俘虜。他逃跑了，在經(jīng)歷了阿拉伯國(guó)家的長(zhǎng)途跋涉之后，于公元762年乘小船回到祖國(guó)。回國(guó)后，他寫(xiě)了《經(jīng)行記》，講訴了中亞、阿拉伯以及非洲國(guó)家的情況。在十一世紀(jì)，非洲人曾幾次通過(guò)海路到達(dá)宋朝王宮。這是非洲人開(kāi)始了解中國(guó)的一次大發(fā)展。在非洲發(fā)現(xiàn)的最早 亞洲文化遺產(chǎn)也是從這一時(shí)期開(kāi)始的。一個(gè)小青銅獅子塑像已經(jīng)在尚加的索馬里城發(fā)現(xiàn)了。還沒(méi)有類似的東西在東非被發(fā)現(xiàn)。中國(guó)和非洲幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的接觸讓雙方知道了彼此的存在，但當(dāng)時(shí)還沒(méi)有精確的地圖描述印度洋周圍的國(guó)家。到了15世紀(jì)除，召開(kāi)了一次大型會(huì)議的時(shí)機(jī)已經(jīng)成熟。東非沿岸城市正鼎盛時(shí)期。而在東方，中國(guó)在一個(gè)新的朝代的統(tǒng)治下也繁榮起來(lái)了。明朝政府擁有一只強(qiáng)大的海軍并且也有發(fā)揮這只海軍作用的想法。從1405年到1433年，7艘大型的珠寶商船到東方進(jìn)行貿(mào)易和探險(xiǎn)航行。在鄭和的帶領(lǐng)下，這個(gè)船隊(duì)從中國(guó)南海出發(fā)，跨越印度洋到達(dá)紅?？?，然后繼續(xù)向南，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)了非洲東海岸。鄭和常常被成為“中國(guó)的哥倫布”。鄭和增進(jìn)了和非洲東部海岸國(guó)家的聯(lián)系。非洲國(guó)王送給明朝皇帝一個(gè)皇室的禮物：兩只長(zhǎng)頸鹿。這個(gè)精美的禮物和與非洲王室的接觸令中國(guó)人對(duì)非洲如此好奇，以至于鄭和給那個(gè)國(guó)王和別的非洲國(guó)家送信，邀請(qǐng)他們派大使并在明朝首都——北京開(kāi)辦大使館。這些非洲國(guó)王很慷慨，他們給明朝皇帝送來(lái)了斑馬、長(zhǎng)頸鹿、貝殼、大象象牙和犀牛角藥品。作為往來(lái)，明朝皇帝給他們送去了金子、香料、絲綢和各種別的禮物。這種禮物的交換的象征意義遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)重于這些物品價(jià)值本身。通過(guò)和這個(gè)船隊(duì)的貿(mào)易，非洲國(guó)王開(kāi)始表示對(duì)中國(guó)皇帝的友誼。這個(gè)船隊(duì)在結(jié)束探險(xiǎn)之前或許是為了經(jīng)濟(jì)原因進(jìn)行了幾次遠(yuǎn)征。短期內(nèi)，中國(guó)成為海上霸主。1433年以后，明朝意識(shí)到國(guó)內(nèi)存在著巨大的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。

Unit 3 the portrait of a nation

一個(gè)國(guó)家的描述現(xiàn)代的澳大利亞是由六個(gè)州和兩大區(qū)組成的：西澳洲、南澳州、昆士州、新南威爾士州、維多利亞州、塔斯馬尼亞州，澳大利亞首都區(qū)和北部區(qū)。澳大利亞有很多大洋環(huán)繞著：西邊有印度洋，南邊有南印度洋，東北部是太平洋。澳大利亞的最大城市是悉尼，但是首都是堪培拉，堪培拉位于悉尼和墨爾本之間。澳大利亞的國(guó)旗未英國(guó)國(guó)旗圖案并帶有一顆最大的七角星。七角星中的六個(gè)角象征組成澳大利亞聯(lián)邦的六個(gè)州，第七個(gè)角代表聯(lián)邦區(qū)（北部地區(qū)和首都直轄區(qū)）。國(guó)旗上其他小星代表南十字星座（是南天小星座之一，星座雖小，但明亮的星很多）——那是一組映在南方天空的星星，人們可以借助它們找到南極。

最初的澳大利亞人

澳大利亞是一個(gè)古老大陸上的年輕的國(guó)家。澳大利亞最早的居民是土著居民和托雷斯海峽的島上居民。這些人群的祖先早在五萬(wàn)年前就到了澳洲而且創(chuàng)造了復(fù)雜的社會(huì)。他們的文化發(fā)展很快，而且他們與非洲人及其他一些鄰近地區(qū)有強(qiáng)大的連結(jié)。一些澳大利亞土著人仍然過(guò)著和他們的祖先一樣的生活方式而其他的一些則生活在城市里、城鎮(zhèn)上和農(nóng)村。

一個(gè)罪犯的國(guó)家？

七世紀(jì)，歐洲探險(xiǎn)者開(kāi)始到達(dá)這塊大陸。西班牙人、葡萄牙人、荷蘭人和后來(lái)的英國(guó)船只到達(dá)了塔斯馬尼亞州的北海岸和西海岸。1770連，詹姆斯。庫(kù)克船長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行了一次科學(xué)考察旅行，聲稱這個(gè)大陸的東海岸屬于不列顛王國(guó)。后來(lái)美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使得英國(guó)不能向北美輸送囚犯，澳大利亞也就被選為一個(gè)新的囚犯和罪犯流放地。1788年，第一批流放犯人的11艘船到達(dá)澳大利亞。英國(guó)總督登陸的日期是1月26日，也就是現(xiàn)在的澳大利亞日。在隨后的80年里，大約有16萬(wàn)囚犯被流放到澳大利亞。這些新來(lái)的移民改變了這里的管理方式，引進(jìn)了對(duì)澳大利亞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有害的動(dòng)植物。結(jié)果，原始澳大利亞受到了傷害。很多土著人和島上居民被剝奪了土地搬走了。

另一個(gè)新大陸：一個(gè)國(guó)家的誕生

二十世紀(jì)早期，澳大利亞和十八世紀(jì)的美國(guó)一樣：她是一個(gè)沒(méi)有統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的“新世界”。1901年，澳大利亞聯(lián)邦組成了。這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)管理著規(guī)定人都是平等自由的六個(gè)州，解釋他們自己的人權(quán)，描述新的政府。當(dāng)?shù)氐耐林撕头菤W洲人不能享有平等的權(quán)利。直到很多年后，澳大利亞才學(xué)會(huì)了尊重土著人并且承認(rèn)一個(gè)不同社會(huì)的重要性。

第一次世界大戰(zhàn)對(duì)澳大利亞有很大的影響。戰(zhàn)后，這個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)歷了社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的動(dòng)蕩不安局面，遭受了二十世紀(jì)三十年代的蕭條。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后，澳大利亞開(kāi)始把自己變成了一個(gè)和今天一樣的現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家。經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)了，澳大利亞從移民中受益匪淺。在二次世界大戰(zhàn)后的五十年里，大約200這個(gè)國(guó)家的人民遷到了澳大利亞。在二十世紀(jì)六十年代后期，這個(gè)國(guó)家也開(kāi)始改變對(duì)待當(dāng)?shù)赝林说膽B(tài)度，政府通過(guò)了法律來(lái)加強(qiáng)當(dāng)?shù)赝林撕蛵u上居民的權(quán)利并且改善他們的生活條件。

講澳大利亞語(yǔ)言？一切良好！

英語(yǔ)是澳大利亞的官方語(yǔ)言。澳大利亞英語(yǔ)在發(fā)音與英國(guó)英語(yǔ)和美國(guó)英語(yǔ)不同，其中，在澳大利亞用的一些詞匯與你在英語(yǔ)課堂上學(xué)的完全不同。澳大利亞人喜歡他們的語(yǔ)言并喜歡用它開(kāi)玩笑?！癗o worries”在澳大利亞語(yǔ)中意為”everything is OK”.“mate”通常意為“friend”或”companion”,但可以跟任何人說(shuō)?！癝heila”是“女子”，“outback”是指“未開(kāi)墾的土地”，“billabong”是干河道，uni是大學(xué)，而go walk about 則指到灌木叢中閑逛。而一些土著人的語(yǔ)言已經(jīng)不被人所知，人們正在努力去保護(hù)和記錄他們說(shuō)留下的。大概澳大利亞英語(yǔ)最著名的例子可能就是客人到澳大利亞一定會(huì)聽(tīng)到的友好的“G’day mate”.第四

一個(gè)科學(xué)的誕生

十八世紀(jì)以前，植物學(xué)只不過(guò)是醫(yī)學(xué)的一個(gè)分支。直到那時(shí)，醫(yī)生和外科醫(yī)生們大都在研究藥草。另一些人嘗試按植物種類分類，但是突破性的進(jìn)展來(lái)自卡爾.林尼厄斯的工作。在林尼厄斯確立這個(gè)系統(tǒng)之前，要說(shuō)明植物之間的關(guān)系是一個(gè)復(fù)雜而陌生的事情。給植物以雙名這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)并不新，但是名字不能真實(shí)地被固定和被接受。一些科學(xué)家根據(jù)果實(shí)的形狀以及開(kāi)花與否把植物分成藥草和樹(shù)狀物。但是林尼厄斯以家族進(jìn)行分類的觀點(diǎn)是獨(dú)特的。在他的系統(tǒng)中，他是基于花中雄性和雌性的排列而進(jìn)行不同種類的鑒別的。結(jié)果，像桃子、梨這樣的果實(shí)盡管第一眼看上去不同，而事實(shí)上是相關(guān)的

林尼厄斯的系統(tǒng)很快征服了世人。1759年，林尼厄斯的學(xué)生丹尼爾.索蘭德去了英國(guó)，以便進(jìn)一步發(fā)展這個(gè)系統(tǒng)。索蘭德在倫敦與約瑟夫.班克斯結(jié)成了終生好友，約瑟夫后來(lái)邀請(qǐng)他參加了自己的“奮力號(hào)”船的植物考察隊(duì)，那是在1768年。

約瑟夫出生在一個(gè)特權(quán)的家庭梨，他是一位富有家庭的兒子。當(dāng)他的父親于1761年去世時(shí)，班克斯只有十八歲。像處于他那樣位置的很多年輕人都愿意過(guò)一個(gè)非常舒適的生活，但是班克斯卻渴望知識(shí)。盡管他很富有，但他謀求在科學(xué)上有一番成就。1766年，他第一次旅行去研究野生植物。他的第二次探險(xiǎn)是隨著詹姆斯.庫(kù)克到太平洋去的偉大航行。

1768年，英國(guó)皇家海軍指定詹姆斯.庫(kù)克為“奮力號(hào)“船的船長(zhǎng)，帶領(lǐng)皇家學(xué)會(huì)成員去塔希替島遠(yuǎn)征。國(guó)家?guī)炜舜L(zhǎng)接到的指示，這次探險(xiǎn)有三個(gè)目標(biāo)。最主要的目的是研究橫過(guò)太陽(yáng)的金星。這將會(huì)給天文學(xué)家們提供一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)研究地球和太陽(yáng)之間的距離。第二，是對(duì)在探險(xiǎn)過(guò)程中觀察到的動(dòng)植物的生命進(jìn)行記錄、分類和描述。第三，庫(kù)克船長(zhǎng)接到秘密指令，搜找不知名的南方大陸。

因?yàn)樘煳膶W(xué)是一個(gè)重要的科學(xué)分支，因此英國(guó)政府贊助了天文學(xué)部分所有的設(shè)備和經(jīng)費(fèi)。因?yàn)橛?guó)政府不為植物學(xué)這種新興的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域出資，25歲的約瑟夫.班克斯不得不自己支付了約10000英鎊來(lái)進(jìn)行這次考察探險(xiǎn)。

在他們的三年航行探險(xiǎn)中，約瑟夫.班克斯不僅研究、描述了他所發(fā)現(xiàn)的新植物，而且他還調(diào)查了一些新的經(jīng)濟(jì)物種：在英國(guó)和世界其他地區(qū)生長(zhǎng)其谷物能夠被賣的植物。約瑟夫.班克斯是第一位大規(guī)模的把植物從一個(gè)大陸移到另一個(gè)大陸的人，用這些進(jìn)口的東西來(lái)幫助發(fā)展當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)。有些植物像可可、大麻和茶以這種方式傳遍全球。

“奮力號(hào)”探險(xiǎn)船于1771年返回英國(guó)。這次航行是一個(gè)偉大的勝利。得到了令人驚奇的發(fā)現(xiàn)：驚奇的新大陸、文化、動(dòng)植物等。在那之后，庫(kù)克船長(zhǎng)又進(jìn)行了兩次環(huán)世界旅行，但是約瑟夫.班克斯再也沒(méi)有參加另一次旅行。然而，班克斯參加了其他的一些工作如：非洲和澳大利亞的殖民地的探險(xiǎn)。1788年，班克斯被選為皇家協(xié)會(huì)的主席，在這個(gè)位置上他一直干了42年。在這些年里，班克斯幫助把皇家花園變成了一個(gè)世界上最大的植物園。他在植物和農(nóng)業(yè)方面積聚了大量的知識(shí)。在種草莓時(shí)，班克斯采用了早已廢棄的在果實(shí)下鋪稻草的方法來(lái)降低用水量。他還建了一個(gè)溫室來(lái)試驗(yàn)種菠蘿。就是約瑟夫.班克斯使英國(guó)皇家植物園成了一個(gè)科學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究中心

第四篇：基于話題進(jìn)行高三英語(yǔ)課文復(fù)習(xí)

基于話題進(jìn)行高三英語(yǔ)課文復(fù)習(xí)----2010高考英語(yǔ)第一輪

瑞安四中高三英語(yǔ)備課組 執(zhí)筆人 黃劍茹

2009年的高考中，我校高三畢業(yè)班學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)無(wú)論是文科還是理科都取得了優(yōu)異的成績(jī)。但是成績(jī)屬于過(guò)去，希望在于明年。新的高三備課組秉承一貫的優(yōu)秀作風(fēng)，面臨壓力，接受挑戰(zhàn)，致力于提高教育教學(xué)質(zhì)量。今天我代表瑞安市四中高三英語(yǔ)備課組主要談兩點(diǎn)：過(guò)去成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和現(xiàn)在的做法。

一、過(guò)去成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)(一)思想重視，方向明確。

高三年級(jí)是學(xué)校教學(xué)的主陣地，高考是牽動(dòng)千家萬(wàn)戶的大事。學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一直把高三工作當(dāng)作學(xué)校的重中之重，對(duì)高三給予極大的關(guān)注。瑞安市教研室對(duì)高三的復(fù)習(xí)多次進(jìn)行調(diào)研指導(dǎo)，促進(jìn)了教學(xué)工作。

（二）積極進(jìn)取，精誠(chéng)團(tuán)結(jié)。

我們學(xué)校生源一般，高三備課組老師制定了切實(shí)可行的“提高課堂效率，優(yōu)化課內(nèi)外練習(xí)，落實(shí)基礎(chǔ)檢測(cè)，促進(jìn)能力發(fā)展”的工作方針。他們積極參加各類教研活動(dòng)，獲取信息并吸收兄弟學(xué)校的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在每周的集體備課時(shí)間，八位老師都會(huì)精心討論。從單元和課時(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)、重難點(diǎn)，到每節(jié)課的練習(xí)和家庭作業(yè)，無(wú)不考慮周全，細(xì)而又細(xì)。因?yàn)橹挥羞@樣，通過(guò)優(yōu)化課堂結(jié)構(gòu)，提高課堂教學(xué)效率，精講結(jié)合精練，才能保證在完成教學(xué)任務(wù)的前提下，確保教學(xué)質(zhì)量。

（三）學(xué)生刻苦，善于學(xué)習(xí)。

我們上屆大部分學(xué)生刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，努力上進(jìn)，班級(jí)學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)氣濃厚。

09年高考結(jié)束了，我們要學(xué)習(xí)上屆高三備課組的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在接下來(lái)的一年中做到：認(rèn)真研究考情生情，穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)；努力探究新措施、新辦法，集體攻關(guān)。

二、現(xiàn)在的做法

（一）復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃的制定——認(rèn)真研究考情生情，穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)

要想搞好高三英語(yǔ)的備考復(fù)習(xí)工作，就要有一條明確的復(fù)習(xí)思路，有一套系統(tǒng)、完整、科學(xué)、實(shí)用的復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃，并且能夠根據(jù)各階段的復(fù)習(xí)效果不斷地進(jìn)行反思、調(diào)整和順利地實(shí)施。復(fù)習(xí)思路的確定和復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃的制定都必須符合高考的考情和學(xué)生的學(xué)情。從暑假上課開(kāi)始，我們就制定出了本學(xué)期的復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃。計(jì)劃的指導(dǎo)思想是:一輪復(fù)習(xí)要堅(jiān)持知能并舉，既要系統(tǒng)鞏固基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，又要重視讀寫(xiě)基本能力的訓(xùn)練提高?；A(chǔ)知識(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)要把重點(diǎn)放在知識(shí)梳理和強(qiáng)化薄弱環(huán)節(jié)、解決重點(diǎn)疑難問(wèn)題上。復(fù)習(xí)中要調(diào)動(dòng)和發(fā)揮學(xué)生的積極性和主動(dòng)性，重視自學(xué)，對(duì)教材的處理要簡(jiǎn)明扼要，突出重點(diǎn)。

(二)復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃的落實(shí)——努力探究新措施、新辦法，集體攻關(guān)

新課程理念下的外語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)，提出了“創(chuàng)設(shè)以學(xué)生為主體，以教師為主導(dǎo)的和諧互動(dòng)的外語(yǔ)課堂”，而對(duì)于高三英語(yǔ)學(xué)科的復(fù)習(xí)備考而言，教師的主導(dǎo)地位顯得尤為重要，教師的科學(xué)的指導(dǎo)和精辟的歸納，不僅能在客觀上提高學(xué)生的復(fù)習(xí)效率，更有助于激發(fā)學(xué)生的信心和學(xué)習(xí)熱情，提高學(xué)生的主觀能動(dòng)性。本屆高三英語(yǔ)備課組共計(jì)8名英語(yǔ)老師，中青的組合帶來(lái)了陣容優(yōu)勢(shì)。為了更好地落實(shí)復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃，真正做到“資源共享”；同時(shí)又能促進(jìn)備課組教研氛圍，發(fā)揮備課組的實(shí)體作用和團(tuán)隊(duì)精神，在借鑒和學(xué)習(xí)以往高三教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，本屆高三英語(yǔ)組在復(fù)習(xí)策略、集體備課、質(zhì)量分析和推進(jìn)落實(shí)復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃等四方面采取了嘗試性的新舉措：

1、復(fù)習(xí)策略“重基礎(chǔ)，求實(shí)效”

針對(duì)近年來(lái)高考英語(yǔ)試題難度降低的走勢(shì)和本屆高三學(xué)年學(xué)生層次參差不齊的特點(diǎn)，在遵循和借鑒以往三輪復(fù)習(xí)策略（復(fù)習(xí)詞匯和語(yǔ)法、專題訓(xùn)練、實(shí)戰(zhàn)模擬)的基礎(chǔ)上，我們擯棄了盲目求速度、加練習(xí)的“題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)”，我和組里的張飛蓮、葉玲俐兩位老師組成一個(gè)課題組，在第一輪復(fù)習(xí)中對(duì)教材進(jìn)行重組，以話題模塊組織課文復(fù)習(xí)。

傳統(tǒng)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課多以基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和語(yǔ)法為主線，以“講授-操練-反饋”為主要教學(xué)方式，再加上大量的高考適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練題。我認(rèn)為，在高三英語(yǔ)課文復(fù)習(xí)中我們可以不拘泥于原來(lái)的單元教學(xué)，可以以話題為中心，將內(nèi)容相近的文章組合在一起，這樣既為任務(wù)型教學(xué)提供便利，又能提高復(fù)習(xí)效率。我們嘗試打破課本分冊(cè)順序和單元順序，按話題模塊重組現(xiàn)在教材的全部課文，來(lái)進(jìn)行第一階段的復(fù)習(xí)。所謂話題模塊，是指“幾個(gè)相近或相關(guān)的話題整合成一個(gè)高一層次的話題單元”。按照《考試說(shuō)明》上介紹的模塊項(xiàng)目，我們把課文分成“人物介紹與個(gè)人情況”、“ 友誼與人際關(guān)系”、“ 旅游和交通”等12個(gè)模塊，同一模塊集中起來(lái)進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)。以話題為單位，可以更有效地復(fù)習(xí)課文中的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)文章的文化思想，內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)篇邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，培養(yǎng)閱讀技能，提高寫(xiě)作能力。12個(gè)話題中有些話題課文所提供的內(nèi)容明顯不足，我們要適當(dāng)增補(bǔ)課外閱讀材料，以充實(shí)同一話題模塊的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。

參照《浙江新高考 英語(yǔ)》一書(shū)，具體操作如下：

（1）復(fù)習(xí)一個(gè)話題模塊須歸納話題語(yǔ)言，形成一個(gè)類義“詞典”，同一話題下的詞匯組合成話題“詞典” 首先我們分別復(fù)習(xí)話題涉及到各個(gè)單元的單詞、詞組、句型和語(yǔ)法，注重對(duì)教材基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的歸納、總結(jié)和升華。每個(gè)單元復(fù)習(xí)完進(jìn)行聽(tīng)寫(xiě)和測(cè)試，每個(gè)話題復(fù)習(xí)完后進(jìn)行一次階段性檢測(cè)。試題內(nèi)容的60%—70%來(lái)自于課堂復(fù)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，充分發(fā)揮考試的導(dǎo)向性和診斷性，使測(cè)試真正成為學(xué)生“看得見(jiàn)，摸得著”的診斷手段和學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)向。語(yǔ)法的復(fù)習(xí)結(jié)合近幾年高考，我們重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)主從復(fù)合句、主謂一致、倒裝句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣和句子的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)，其他語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目則根據(jù)不同班級(jí)的特點(diǎn)，自選講解，備課組提供資料和部分習(xí)題。然后以話題為中心，有意識(shí)地讓學(xué)生感知話題與詞匯的關(guān)系：發(fā)動(dòng)學(xué)生收集、整理與話題有關(guān)的專門(mén)詞匯并將其列成表，幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)話題和專門(mén)詞匯的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)，為學(xué)生針對(duì)某個(gè)話題知識(shí)的應(yīng)用打下基礎(chǔ)。按話題集中學(xué)習(xí)詞匯，正如圖書(shū)館的分類藏書(shū)，方便詞語(yǔ)的儲(chǔ)存，檢索和提取。在語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用中，無(wú)論是聽(tīng)、說(shuō)，還是讀、寫(xiě)、譯，一旦話題被激活，話題詞匯的意義聯(lián)系隨即接通，詞語(yǔ)檢索和提取進(jìn)入自動(dòng)化過(guò)程。話題語(yǔ)言聚合的最小單位最好為詞塊，如body language話題可以引出：eye contact, shake one’s head……因?yàn)閎ody language具有表情達(dá)意功能，還可引出：express one’s thoughts and opinions, communicate with other people等。如此連類擴(kuò)展，就可構(gòu)成一個(gè)龐大的詞匯系統(tǒng)。（2）話題、功能、結(jié)構(gòu)成一體

話題為語(yǔ)言反映世界的范疇，相當(dāng)于文章中的“題材”；功能是語(yǔ)言在一定語(yǔ)境和情景中表情達(dá)意從而實(shí)現(xiàn)交際意圖的作用；結(jié)構(gòu)是語(yǔ)言發(fā)揮話語(yǔ)交際功能的外在形式，主要是詞匯、語(yǔ)法，可以擴(kuò)大到文章結(jié)構(gòu)。三者并非獨(dú)立，而是相互聯(lián)系結(jié)成一體。

如：一篇話語(yǔ)功能為介紹著名人物或自我介紹或簡(jiǎn)歷的書(shū)寫(xiě)的文章，話題內(nèi)容必定涉及到“出生、家庭、婚姻、愛(ài)好、興趣、教育、奮斗、成功、信念、榮譽(yù)”等。相應(yīng)的詞匯便會(huì)有：birth, be born on… / in…，marry, get married, marriage，hobby, interest, be interested, prefer … to …, prefer to do sth, rather than do sth., have a good habit of …，education, be educated, receive,be admitted(in)to ,majored in,graduation,graduate from, receive a degree, work hard,struggle, fight, make great contributions to,devote…to…,be devoted to…,success,make success,succeed in,be successful in, successful,honor, be honored as, be rewarded等。句型如：When at college, I majored in… and received / got a bachelor’s / master’s / doctor’s degree.；

*… I graduated from … Middle School；With the help of …, he … ；*He worked / studied / trained so hard that he … ；He worked so hard at… as to…等。還有因類義關(guān)系在上列詞匯中共現(xiàn)的其它語(yǔ)言材料，如關(guān)于“家庭人員”、“各類學(xué)?！?、“年齡”；詞語(yǔ)搭配和句子結(jié)構(gòu)也都在話題語(yǔ)言中；這類文章的典型時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，順敘、倒敘、按時(shí)間順序行文是這類語(yǔ)篇的典型結(jié)構(gòu)和敘事方法。學(xué)習(xí)上述語(yǔ)篇類型的全部知識(shí)，就把話題、功能和結(jié)構(gòu)三者有機(jī)地結(jié)合在一起了。（3）體裁分類教學(xué) 同一模塊文章若屬于不同體裁，應(yīng)再次分類，每一體裁至少備足兩篇文章，若課本中沒(méi)有或不足，則從課外閱讀材料中選取，以每一體裁的典型語(yǔ)篇為主，適當(dāng)考慮變體，側(cè)重記敘文、議論文、說(shuō)明文、新聞報(bào)道、時(shí)政評(píng)述和廣告。在同一話題中，不必求全體裁。因?yàn)樘囟ㄔ掝}往往與特定體裁相聯(lián)系。例如：介紹著名人物文章往往為記敘文體，一般人物介紹還可能與求職信或推薦信相聯(lián)系。通過(guò)閱讀不同體裁的文章，學(xué)習(xí)其承載的文化與思想，從而學(xué)習(xí)話題語(yǔ)言，分析其交際語(yǔ)境及其交際功能，解析語(yǔ)篇的語(yǔ)言特征和語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)模式。通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)同樣話題體裁的新語(yǔ)篇進(jìn)行相互比較，進(jìn)而積累話題語(yǔ)言，并用所積累的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)構(gòu)建一個(gè)同一話題體裁的新語(yǔ)篇。

具體做法：加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)篇訓(xùn)練,進(jìn)行限時(shí)閱讀，注重學(xué)生解題思路的靈活性，培養(yǎng)應(yīng)試解題技巧。每周一節(jié)課進(jìn)行閱讀測(cè)試，題目為與本話題相關(guān)的高考試題（如完形填空、閱讀理解），測(cè)試后及時(shí)講評(píng)。（4）語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐

平常我們習(xí)慣于用考試代替語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐，如在閱讀后做選擇題，這種方式的訓(xùn)練其交際特征不強(qiáng)，只能算有意義的語(yǔ)言練習(xí)，而如果在閱讀后就文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行討論，或結(jié)合讀者的知識(shí)、學(xué)歷、價(jià)值觀展開(kāi)討論和寫(xiě)讀后感，則是一種交際性語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)，具有用語(yǔ)言做事的特點(diǎn)。

具體做法：設(shè)計(jì)出各種具有交際特征的“活動(dòng)”或“任務(wù)”，如閱讀后填表、排序、問(wèn)答、討論、寫(xiě)摘要、縮寫(xiě)、讀寫(xiě)、寫(xiě)讀后感或者學(xué)完一個(gè)話題模塊用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言寫(xiě)一篇相關(guān)話題的文章。

“Practice makes perfect”，我們有理由相信，按話題模塊組織高三英語(yǔ)課文復(fù)習(xí)，在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)盡可能多的進(jìn)行有意義的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐，會(huì)提高我們學(xué)生的實(shí)際語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力。

2、集體備課“講原則，重合作”

集體備課是發(fā)揮組內(nèi)集體合力進(jìn)行攻堅(jiān)克難的重要舉措。自進(jìn)入高三開(kāi)始，我們堅(jiān)持每周進(jìn)行實(shí)效集體備課。每位英語(yǔ)教師輪流充當(dāng)中心發(fā)言人，提前對(duì)每個(gè)單元或每項(xiàng)專題的基本知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納、整理、打印、下發(fā)。集體備課時(shí)，中心發(fā)言老師對(duì)全組匯報(bào)講解，細(xì)化知識(shí)點(diǎn)；再由全組討論通過(guò)，達(dá)成共識(shí)，進(jìn)而在班級(jí)授課中落實(shí)；同時(shí)，中心發(fā)言教師根據(jù)集體備課和實(shí)際授課情況，自行編撰單元測(cè)試卷，及時(shí)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。這種備課方式，能緩解個(gè)人備課壓力，激發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的熱情，使重難點(diǎn)得到提前解決。

3、質(zhì)量分析“重?cái)?shù)據(jù)，講落實(shí)”

對(duì)于考試每個(gè)小題進(jìn)行分析，分析的數(shù)據(jù)落實(shí)到全班每題正確人數(shù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)上，以班級(jí)為單位，得到精確的得分率，保證考情、學(xué)情分析的有效性，并據(jù)此及時(shí)調(diào)整教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和方向。針對(duì)每次單元測(cè)試，進(jìn)行了及時(shí)的批閱和講解，保證教學(xué)的連貫性，及時(shí)幫助學(xué)生鞏固基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。

4、實(shí)施周計(jì)劃“小步子，快節(jié)奏”

在實(shí)際教學(xué)中，我們要堅(jiān)持用周計(jì)劃來(lái)分解、細(xì)化和推進(jìn)總體教學(xué)計(jì)劃，使總體計(jì)劃更具有可操作性和靈活性。高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)備考時(shí)間緊、任務(wù)重，教師要根據(jù)高三英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的不同階段特點(diǎn)，設(shè)計(jì)課堂教學(xué)的內(nèi)容，安排教學(xué)的進(jìn)度。教無(wú)定法，每位老師都有各自的好方法。只要我們肯用心思考，愿意多研究，肯定會(huì)讓我們的英語(yǔ)課堂精彩起來(lái)。讓我們的一輪復(fù)習(xí)課“活起來(lái)，動(dòng)起來(lái)”，做到“堂堂有收獲，節(jié)節(jié)有效果”。以上是我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中的一些粗淺的計(jì)劃，有不妥之處敬請(qǐng)大家批評(píng)指正，謝謝大家！

第五篇：英語(yǔ)課文（模版）

Unit1 One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do.The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor.Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired;there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity.American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge;on the other hand, skills can be picked up later.However, I do not want to overstate my case.There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present.And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West.When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent(the “Standing on the shoulders of giants” phenomenon).But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this:

Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills? Unit2 Yet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other people have.My 1999 car shows the wear and tear of 105,000 miles.But it is still dependable.My apartment is modest, but quiet and relaxing.My clothes are well suited to my work, which is primarily outdoors.My minimal computer needs can be met at the library.In spite of what I don’t have, I don’t feel poor.Why? I’ve enjoyed exceptionally good health for 53 years.It’s not just that I’ve been illness-free, it’s that I feel vigorous and spirited.Exercising is actually fun for me.I look forward to long, energizing walks.And I love the “can do” attitude that follows.I also cherish the gift of creativity.When I write a beautiful line of poetry, or fabricate a joke that tickles someone, I feel rich inside.I’m continually surprised at the insights that come through my writing process.And talking with so many interesting writer friends is one of my main sources of enjoyment.Unit4 I’d never realized how important daily routine is: dressing for work, sleeping normal hours.I’d never thought I relied so much on co-workers for company.I began to understand why long-term unemployment can be so damaging, why life without an externally supported daily plan can lead to higher rates of drug abuse, crime, suicide.To restore balance to my life, I force myself back into the real world.I call people, arrange to meet with the few remaining friends who haven’t fled New York City.I try to at least get to the gym, so as to set apart the weekend from the rest of my week.I arrange interviews for stories, doctor’s appointments — anything to get me out of the house and connected with others.But sometimes being face to face is too much.I see a friend and her ringing laughter is intolerable — the noise of conversation in the restaurant, unbearable.I make my excuses and flee.I re-enter my apartment and run to the computer as though it were a place of safety.I click on the modem, the once-annoying sound of the connection now as pleasant as my favorite tune.I enter my password.The real world disappears.Unit5 The runway felt different this time.It startled him for a brief moment.Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay.The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best.That’s only one inch off the National record, he thought.The intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety.He began shaking the tension.It wasn’t working.He became more tense.Why was this happening to him now, he thought.He began to get nervous.Afraid would be a more accurate description.What was he going to do? He had never experienced these feelings.Then out of nowhere, and from the deepest depths of his soul, he pictured his mother.Why now? What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this? It was simple.His mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths.So he did.Along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid his pole at his feet.He began to stretch out his arms and upper body.The light breeze that was once there was now gone.He carefully picked up his pole.He felt his heart pounding.He was sure the crowd did, too.The silence was deafening.When he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he knew it was his time to fly.Unit6 Why are we so quick to limit ourselves? I’m not denying that most little girls love dolls and most little boys love videogames, and it may be true that some people favor the right side of their brain, and others the left.But how relevant is that to me, or to anyone，as

an

individual?

Instead of translating our differences into hard and fast conclusions about the human brain, why can’t we focus instead on how incredibly flexible we are? Instead of using what we know as a reason why women can’t learn physics, maybe we should consider the possibility that our brains are more powerful than we imagine.Here’s a secret: math and science don’t come easily to most people.No one was ever born knowing calculus.A woman can learn anything a man can, but first she needs to know that she can do it, and that takes a leap of faith.It also helps to have selective hearing.Unit7 Two centuries ago an English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin.A systematic study revealed that many modern languages descended from a common parent language, lost to us because nothing was written down.Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an Indo-European parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C.These people had common words for snow, bee and wolf but no word for sea.So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold.Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe.Some who made the earliest move westward became known as the Celts, whom Caesar’s armies found in Britain.New words came with the Germanic tribes — the Angles, the Saxons, etc.— that slipped across the North Sea to settle in Britain in the 5th century.Together they formed what we call Anglo-Saxon society.The Anglo-Saxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary, including sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work.They must have also enjoyed themselves because they gave us the word laughter Unit8 There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings.The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields.In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of colour that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines.Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the autumn mornings.Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wild flowers, delighted the traveller’s eye through much of the year.Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow.The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and autumn people travelled from great distances to observe them.Others came to fish the streams，which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay.So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells and built their barns.