第一篇：中學(xué)英語賓語補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)象和用法小結(jié)

中學(xué)英語賓語補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)象和用法小結(jié)

賓補(bǔ)的定義：有些及物動(dòng)詞帶了賓語后還需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足成分才能使句子完整，這個(gè)補(bǔ)足成分就叫做賓語補(bǔ)足語。用來說明賓語的行為、特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。賓語和賓補(bǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。主要有下面幾種類型：

1.名詞（或代詞）+名詞

She found him a very clever boy.2.名詞（或代詞）+形容詞

He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting.3.名詞（或代詞）+副詞或介詞短語

Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister.To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.4.名詞（或代詞）+分詞（分詞短語）

I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window.I was absent-minded when I heard my name called.注意：

在用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞中，有些只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語；有些只能用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語；還有的動(dòng)詞既能用現(xiàn)在分詞又可用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：

1）、只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop(阻止)等。She caught her son smoking a cigarette.His words started me thinking.2）、只能用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, worry, advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, command, require, make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe, allow, prove, declare等。

Their parents don’t allow him to stay out late.他父母不允許他在外面呆到很晚。3）、既能用現(xiàn)在分詞又可用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等。

She was seen running away from the scene of the crime.有人看見她從犯罪現(xiàn)場跑開。I saw you put the key in your pocket.我見你把鑰匙放進(jìn)了口袋。5.名詞（或代詞）+不定式 1).to do The villagers did not allow them to build a factory there.（ask tell beg

force wish

want expect advise permit order persuade）2)省略 to 的不定式

使用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式符號(hào) to 的取舍問題： 1）、在hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe 等動(dòng)詞后的不定式需省去 to。

2）、feel 一詞，跟 to be 型不定式帶 to；跟 to do 型不定式不帶 to。3）、help 一詞后的不定式，可帶 to，也可以不帶 to。6.名詞（或代詞）+從句

We will make our hometown what your hometown is now.7.常見with+復(fù)合賓語有下列幾種形式： 1）with＋名詞／代詞＋形容詞

It is not good manners to speak with your mouth full． 滿嘴食物去說話是不禮貌的。2）with＋名詞／代詞＋副詞

The city looks more beautiful with all the lights on． 所有的燈亮起來，這座城市看起來更漂亮了。3）with＋名詞／代詞＋介詞短語

The woman with a baby on her back lives downstairs．

這個(gè)背著嬰兒的婦女住在樓下。

4）with＋名詞／代詞＋不定式，不定式表示主動(dòng)、將來的動(dòng)作。With you to help us, we are sure to finish the work on time． 有你來幫忙，我們會(huì)按時(shí)完成任務(wù)的。

With so much work to do, we can’t kill any time by playing cards． 有這么多工作要做，我們沒有時(shí)間打撲克。

5）with＋名詞／代詞＋-ing形式，-ing形式表示主動(dòng)或動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village． 由一個(gè)男孩帶路，他們朝那個(gè)村子走去。

6）with＋名詞／代詞＋過去分詞，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。

With the problems settled, we all felt very happy問題解決了，我們都感到很高興。7）with＋名詞／代詞＋名詞

China is a great country, with its capital Beijing.中國是一個(gè)偉大的國家，首都是北京。8.結(jié)構(gòu)：主+謂語+ it +賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語 I found it pleasant to be with your family.We think it out duty that we should help the poor.在復(fù)合賓語中，賓語通常為名詞或代詞，但有時(shí)也可以用不定式（短語）、動(dòng)名詞（短語）或that從句來充當(dāng)。這時(shí)，應(yīng)使用先行it代替賓語，而將真正的賓語移到句子的后部，如：

I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.Do you consider it any good trying again? We all thought it a pity that you couldn’t join us.注意：在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語通常為名詞或形容詞；常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有： feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider 等。

賓語補(bǔ)足語專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

一、單項(xiàng)選擇：

1.The missing boy was last seen ____ near the river.A.playing

B.to be playing

C.play

D.to play 2.I feel ____ unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.A.that

B.how

C.it

D.what 3.It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.A.put away

B.kept up

C.given away

D.laid up 4.He slipped into the room, without himself ____.A.seen

B.being seen

C.seeing

D.to see 5.He found the street much ____.A.crowd

B.crowding

C.crowded

D.crowdly 6.I think ___ necessary to learn English well.A.its

B.it

C.that

D.that is 7.Paul doesn’t have to be made ____.He always works hard.A.learn

B.to learn

C.learned

D.learning 8.You can’t have the horse _____ all the way.It’s too hot.A.run

B.to run

C.running

D.to be running 9.When I came back, I found the house _____ and everything _____.A.was broken;took away

B.broken into;taken away C.had been broken;taken

D.break into;take away 10.I heard that you were elected _____ this time.A.monitor

B.the monitor

C.a monitor

D.my monitor 11.When I came back, I found nobody ___.It was empty.A.on

B.out

C.in

D.away 12.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ______.A.hear

B.to hear

C.hearing

D.heard 13.For a time his grandmother found _____ accept his new idea.A.hard

B.it hard

C.it hard to

D.it is hard to 14.Tell him _____ the window.A.to shut not

B.not to shut

C.to not shut

D.not shut 15.----There’s a hole in your bag.----I know, I’m going to have it _____.A.mend

B.mending

C.mended

D.to be mended 16.Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.A.cry;to cry

B.crying;crying

C.cry;cry

D.to cry;cry 17.They would not allow him _____ across the enemy line.A.to risk going

B.risking to go

C.for risk to go D.risk going 18.I found the door _____ when I got home.A.opened

B.close

C.unlocking

D.open 19.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___.A.not to

B.not to do

C.not do

D.do not to 20.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise____.A.going on

B.goes on

C.went on

D.to go on 21.With a lot of difficult problems_____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled

B.settling

C.to settle

D.being settled 22.I advised _____ at once.A.him to starting

B.him to start

C.to starting

D.to start 23.When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still ____.A.beat

B.to be beating

C.beating

D.was beating 24.You had better get a doctor _____ your bad tooth.A.pull out

B.to pull out

C.pulled out

D.pulling out 25.He managed to make himself____ with his____ English.A.understand;breaking

B.understand;broken C.understood;breaking D.understood;broken

二、單句改錯(cuò)：

1.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself understand.2.We all elected Jason the monitor.3.The teacher asked us not make so much noise.4.---What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!

---During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.5.Don’t leave the water run while you brush your teeth.6.He pushed the door opening.7.She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.8.With a lot of difficult problems settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.9.When I came in, I found a boy hide behind the door.10.I really don’t know what to do if you always keep your eyes fixing upon me.三、句子翻譯：

1.他告訴我要盡快完成作業(yè)。2.課后他們被允許在教師里講話。

3.醫(yī)生勸我爸爸戒煙，吸煙對身體不好。4.有人聽到他們唱了一首歌。5.他們給那個(gè)男孩取名為查理。6.我們看見學(xué)生們在打籃球。

7.我覺得很奇怪竟然沒有人能回答這個(gè)問題。8.你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這幅地圖對你游覽英國是很有價(jià)值的。

參考答案：

單項(xiàng)選擇： 1—5 ACABC 6—10 BBCBA 11—15 CDCBC

16—20 AADAA 21—25 CBCBD 單句改錯(cuò)：1.understand—understood 2.the去掉 3.not后加to 4.warmly—warm 5.run—running 6.opening—open 7.put—putting 8.settle前加to 9.hide—hidden 10.fixing—fixed 翻譯句子：

1.He told me to finish my homework as soon as possible.2.They are allowed to talk in the classroom after class.3.The doctor advised my father to stop smoking, it was harmful to health.4.They were heard to sing a song.5.they named that boy Charlie.6.we saw the pupils playing basketball.7.I found it strange that no one could answer the question.8.you’ll find this map of great value in helping you to go round Britain.

第二篇：賓語補(bǔ)足語復(fù)習(xí)教案

賓語補(bǔ)足語復(fù)習(xí)教案

1.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞有。(v +sb/sth + to do sth 的結(jié)構(gòu))Advice/invite/persuade/encourage/expect/ask/allow/permit/forbid/wish/want/order/get/cause/ 2.帶動(dòng)名詞作賓語補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞有。（v + sb/sth + doing的結(jié)構(gòu)）

see/watch/observe/notice/find/catch ☆ /have /get ☆ /keep/send/leave/ 3.帶形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞有。（v + sb/sth + adj的結(jié)構(gòu)）

believe /prove/feel/find/think/consider /suppose/make/turn out(to be)+adj 4.帶過去分詞或動(dòng)詞原形作賓語補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞有。（v + sb/sth +do或doing或done三種形式）

感官動(dòng)詞：

see/watch/observe/notice/find/catch/ + sb/sth + do 看到/發(fā)現(xiàn)某人或某事已經(jīng)。。

see/watch/observe/notice/find/catch/ + sb/sth + doing 看到/發(fā)現(xiàn)某人或某事正在。。

see/watch/observe/notice/find/catch/ + sb/sth+ done 看到/發(fā)現(xiàn)某人或某事被。。

使役動(dòng)詞：

have/make/get/ + sb/sth +do 叫或使某人或某事去。（注意被動(dòng)語態(tài)中省略的to必須還原）。

have/get/ + sb/sth +doing 叫或使某人或某事一直正在。。

have/make/get/ + sb/sth +done 叫或使某人或某事被。。

高考真題：1.Who would you rather _____ the report instead of you?

A.have write B.have to write C.write D.have written

2.We must stop pollution _____ longer.A.living B.from living C.to live D.live

3.Thank you for the trouble you have _____ to help me.A.paid B.taken C.had D.asked

4.Hellen had to shout _____ above the music.A.making herself hear

B.to make herself hear C.making herself heard

D.to make herself heard

5.When he took the exam,he was caught _____.A.cheating B.cheat C.cheated D.to cheat

6.The girl was made _____sbe didn’t love at all.A.marry a man B.to marry a man C.to marry to a man D.to marry with a man 1.I couldn't understand ______ at the poor child.A.you to laugh

B.you laugh

C.why laugh

D.you laughing 2.Remember ______ the book, when you have finished it.A.putting back

B.having put back

C.to put back

D.will put back 3.Though he failed, he tried _______ it again and again.A.to do

B.doing

C.do

D.done.4.You'll regret ______ those words.You may hurt her feelings.A.say

B.to say

C.having said

D.to have said 5.We are looking forward to ______ another chance ______ it again.A.be given, to try

B.give, to try

.C.giving, trying

D.having, to try 6.Most of the students enjoy_____ stamps.A.collect

B.to collect

C.collecting

D.collected 7.Excuse me for _____ in without ______.A.coming, asking

B.coming, being asked C.to come, asking

D.to come, being asked 8.People couldn't help ______ the foolish girl.A.laugh at

B.to laugh at

C.laughing at

D.laughing

: 9.“What do you think of the book?” “Oh.excellent, it's worth _______ a second time.” A.to read

B.to be read

C.reading

D.being read 10.Our monitor suggested ___a discussion on this subject.A.to have B.should have C.have D.having 11.-I must apologize for ____ahead of time.-That’s all right.A.letting you not know B.not letting you know C.letting you know not D.Letting not you know 12.I would appreciate ____back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you’re calling

13.While shopping people sometimes can’t help _____into buying something they really don’t need.A.to persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded

DCBCDCBCCDBC

第三篇：賓語從句用法小結(jié)

賓語從句用法小結(jié)

一、賓語從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引出。

我們根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞不同，可把賓語從句分為三類：

以從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。(陳述句)

I hear(that)you have passed the examination.以從屬連詞if 和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(一般疑問句)

I don‘t know if you can come tomorrow.以連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(特殊疑問句)

Please tell me how you can get here.二、賓語從句三要素：一連詞, 二語序, 三時(shí)態(tài)。

1)從句為陳述句時(shí)用that連接(常省略), 從句語序不變;

主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可為任何時(shí)態(tài)。

主句為過去時(shí)態(tài), 從句用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)

I think(that)she is a clever girl.We all know(that)they reached Shanghai yesterday.Do you know(that)there is going to be a football

match tonight?

I saw(that)they were swimming in the river.1There will be a meeting in five days.Jack didn’t know.Jack didn’t know that there would be a meeting in five days.2.These flowers are from Guangdong.He said.He said that these flowers were from Guangdong 3.Tony can come to the school.I think.I think that Tony can come to the school 4.They returned to Shanghai.I am afraid.I am afraid that they returned to Shanghai 2)從句為特殊疑問句時(shí)連接詞用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)，從句改為陳述句語序;

主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可為任何時(shí)態(tài)。

主句為過去時(shí)態(tài), 從句用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)

Do you know who she is? Please tell me how long I can keep this book.Nobody knows when he came back.He asked the policeman which is the way to the school.1What size shoes does Mary wear? She wanted to know.She wanted to know what size shoes Mary wore.2.When will the train leave? I want to know.I want to know when the train will leave 3.Who is the new girl in the class?

He asked her.He asked her who was the new girl in the class..4.What do the words mean? The boy asked the teacher.The boy asked the teacher what the words meant..從句為一般疑問句時(shí)，連接詞用whether 或 if，從句改為陳述句語序;主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可為任何時(shí)態(tài)。主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)

Can you tell me whether/if you can mend the bike?

I don't know whether/if they lived in Paris last year.I want to know whether/if she will lend you the money.I don't know whether/if he'll come the day after tomorrow.She wondered if/whether it rained last night 1.Is there a hotel near here?(Can you tell me).Can you tell me if/ whether there is a hotel near here? 2.Would they be back in three days?(She wants to know).She wants to know if / whether they would be back in three days 3.Do people like watching boat races.I wondered.I wondered if / whether people liked watching boat races.4.Does the goddess give him the magic medicine? She asked.She asked if/ whether the goddess gave him the magic medicine.幾個(gè)需要注意的問題：

賓語從句為客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí), 從句只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The teacher told me(that)the earth is bigger than the moon.2.If 和 whether的區(qū)別。

1）Whether 后能跟 or not, if 不行。

I’d like to know whether he will come or not.2）Whether 后能加 to do, if 不行。

He doesn’t know whether to work or play.3）在介詞后只能用whether不能用if.He is trying to find out whether the medicine works 4）whether 置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。

Whether this is true or not , I can't say.Complete the sentences with if / whether.1.Uncle Wang came up to see __________ there was anything wrong with the machine.2.The shop keeper asked my father ________ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.3.I don’t know __________ to go or stay.4.________ that is true, what should we do? 5.________ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell.3.人稱問題。一說二聽三不改。

從句中第一人稱改成說話的人，第二人稱改成聽話的人 We are going to pick apples for the farmers.The students said

The students said they were going to pick apples for the farmers.2.Will you go there with my parents?(He asked her)

He asked her if she would go there with his parents.3.Can I finish it by myself ?(The old man didn’t know)

The old man didn’t know if he could finish it by himself.3.Can I finish it by myself ?(The old man didn’t know)

The old man didn’t know if he could finish it by himself.連詞that不能省略的幾種情況

在下列that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that 2.that從句中含有主從復(fù)合句。

I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.則不能省略。3.主、從句之間有插入語時(shí)。如：

It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.4.若出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩上以上的由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，且由并列連詞連接時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)連詞that可以省略。如：

She said(that)she would come and that she would also bring her son.她說她要來，還要帶她的兒子來。

第四篇：過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語簡明筆記及練習(xí)

過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語簡明筆記

動(dòng)詞+ 賓語+ done(及物動(dòng)詞，表被動(dòng)，完成 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于形容詞)1．表感覺，心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞

feel / hear / notice / watch / observe / find / + 賓語 + done 2．使役動(dòng)詞

make / get / have sb/ sth done have sth done : 1)請別人為自己做某事

2）遭遇到不幸的事

3）完成某事（自己可能參與）

3．表希望，要求動(dòng)詞

wish/ like / order/ want sb./ sth done 4．Find sb./sth done

find sb.doing 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在干。。5．With 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 即：

With + 賓語+ 賓語補(bǔ)足語 翻譯句子：

參照英語周報(bào)語法練習(xí)題

１． 我準(zhǔn)備叫人給我的摩托車估價(jià)(value)。

２． 他昨天錢包被偷了

３． 從山上看，那個(gè)被許多山脈環(huán)饒的小城鎮(zhèn),看起來很有吸引力。

４． 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的日記被人動(dòng)過。

５． 你什么時(shí)候要叫人裝飾你的新房？

６． 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這些小孩被只老虎吃掉了。７． 這些小孩被發(fā)現(xiàn)給只老虎吃掉了。

８． 由于有很多學(xué)?？蛇x擇(用with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))，他們覺得很高興。

９． 由于很多工作已完成，他們坐在一起喝茶聊天。

１０． 為了使自己能被注意，他穿了一件紅色襯衫。

１１． 在來中國之前，他從未聽過一個(gè)漢語

課外翻譯

我們要給她透視

（X-ray）

你聽過用日語唱的歌嗎？

我從未見過他如此激動(dòng)。

他看著床被搬出屋去。

我們都希望這問題得到解決。

她不希望天黑后女兒被帶出門。

少說多看

你喜歡把頭發(fā)剪成什么式樣？

整個(gè)下午他都鎖著門在家工作

那一年什么事也沒解決就結(jié)束了。

The keys : 1.I am going to have my motorcycle valued.2.He had his wallet stolen yesterday.3.Seen from the mountain ,the small village surrounded by many moutains looks very attractive.4.I found my diary moved.5.When will you have your new house decorated? 6.These children were found eaten by a tiger.7.With many schools chosen ,they felt very happy.8.With much work done ,they sat down to have tea and talked 9.To make himself noticed , he wore a red shirt.10.He had never heard a single Chinese spoken before he came to China.We’ll get her X –rayed Have you ever heard a song sung in Japanese? Never had I seen him so excited He watched the bed carried out of the door.We all wished the problem settled She didn’t want her daughter taken out after dark.Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open How would you like your hair cut? All afternoon he worked with the door locked.That year ended with nothing settled.2

第五篇：賓語從句的用法

賓語從句

一、基本講解

一、概念:在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語的從句叫賓語從句，賓語從句可作謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可做介詞的賓語。

eg, He said he was good at drawing.(動(dòng)詞賓語)

He asks him how long Mike has been down.(動(dòng)詞賓語)

Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.(介詞賓語)

二、連接詞

(1)陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that,口語中常常省略。e.g, She told me(that)she would like to go with us.(2)以 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句, 主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意思或選擇疑問句意思的賓語從句，從句同樣是陳述語序

eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei.注意：一般情況下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情況例外。

a.當(dāng)從句做介詞的賓于是只用whether 不用if

eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.b.引導(dǎo)詞與動(dòng)詞不定式或 not 連用時(shí)，只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next.Could you tell me whether u go or not?

c.if當(dāng)如果講，引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，這時(shí)不能用whether.(3)特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問詞；引導(dǎo)詞后要用陳述句語序。

E.g.Could you tell me what's the matterwrong with you? 特殊情況：：當(dāng)do you think后接特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時(shí)，句式結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為引導(dǎo)詞＋do you think＋陳述句語序。

三、時(shí)態(tài)

a.當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)或祈使句時(shí)，從句不受主句的限制，根據(jù)自身的需要選用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。例如：

Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）? b.當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去時(shí)的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)。例如： I didn't know（if/whether he had seen the film.）

注意：當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，而從句表示的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象，科學(xué)原理，格言等，從句仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如： He said（that the earth moves round the sun.）

The teacher told us（that light travels much faster than sound.）

三、直接引語和間接引語在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用 1.直接引語和間接引語概述

我們把引述別人的話語可歸納為兩種方式，一種時(shí)直接引述別人的話語，并置于引號(hào)之內(nèi)的稱為直接引語，另一種是用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話語，稱為間接引語，間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。例如：

The teacher asked, “Do you like English? 老師問：“你喜歡英語嗎？”（直接引語）

The girl said that she liked English very much.女孩說她非常喜歡英語。（間接引語）

一般在直接引語或間接引語當(dāng)中都有一個(gè)引述動(dòng)詞，如 tell, ask, say 等。這些引述動(dòng)詞和它們的主語所放位置比較靈活，可以放在直接引語之前、之后或其中。主語如果是名詞時(shí)，可以倒裝?！爸髡Z+引述動(dòng)詞”放在間接引語當(dāng)中就相當(dāng)于賓語從句的主句部分。例如：

He told me, “I am going to Changchun tomorrow.”

他告訴我：“明天我打算去長春?！?/p>

"Where are you from?” asked Linda.“你來自哪里？”琳達(dá)問。2.直接引語變間接引語的變化形式

1.人稱代詞和指示代詞的變化

指示代詞this和these通常變?yōu)閠hat和those。人稱代詞也要根據(jù)情況做適當(dāng)調(diào)整。從句中的第一人稱多變?yōu)榈谌朔Q，第二人稱根據(jù)情況改為第一人稱或第三人稱，第三人稱不變。例如：He said, “I came to help you.” 他說：“我是來幫助你的?！?/p>

→He said that he had come to help me.他說他是來幫助我的。2.時(shí)態(tài)的變化

引述動(dòng)詞如果用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)不變。

引述動(dòng)詞如果用一般過去時(shí)，間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)要變成相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)的一種。具體變化如下：

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過去時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)

一般將來時(shí)→過去將來時(shí) 【注意】

含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的直接引語變成間接引語是，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)地變成過去時(shí)態(tài)。

若直接引語為客觀真理或自然規(guī)律，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。有時(shí)由于直接引語有特定的過去時(shí)間狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。

時(shí)間狀語的變化

now → then last month → the month before today → that day three days ago → three days before tonight → that night tomorrow → the next day

this week → that week next month → the next month yesterday → the day before the day after tomorrow → in two days 地點(diǎn)狀語的變化 here → there

謂語動(dòng)詞的變化 come → go 3.直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語的情況 1.直接引語為陳述句

(1)將直接引語變?yōu)橛蓆hat 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，接在謂語動(dòng)詞之后(that 可以省略。)例如：

He said, “I forgot to call you yesterday.”

他說：“我昨天忘記給你打電話了?！?/p>

→He said that he had forgotten to call me the day before.他說她前一天忘記給我打電話了。

(2)如果引述動(dòng)詞是say to sb.,則通常改為tell sb.sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

He said to me, “Your bike is broken.” 她對我說：“你的自行車壞了?！?/p>

→He told me that my bike was broken.他對我說我的自行車壞了。2.直接引語為一般疑問句

直接引語為一般疑問句，將直接引語變?yōu)橛蒳f /whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，句中時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等要做相應(yīng)的變化。其語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序，若直接引語的引述動(dòng)詞為say，應(yīng)改為ask.例如：

Mary asked me, “Is Helen from the United States?”

瑪麗問我，“凱倫是美國人嗎？”

→Mary asked me whether/if Helen was from the United States.瑪麗問我海倫是否是美國人。3.直接引語為特殊疑問句

直接引語為特殊疑問句，將直接引語變?yōu)橛商厥庖蓡柧湟龑?dǎo)的賓語從句，語序是陳述語序。例如：

John asked me, “Where does Zhou Xun come from?” 約翰問我，“周迅是哪兒的人？”

→John asked me where Zhou Xun came from.約翰問我周迅是哪兒的人。4.if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句

(1)主句用一般將來時(shí)，if 從句用一般過去時(shí)。例如：

We will go to Bao Du Zhai if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天好的話我們就去抱犢寨。

We will to travelling if we have time tomorrow.如果明天我們有時(shí)間我們就去旅行。

(2)主句祈使句，if 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：

Please call me if you need help.如果你需要幫助請打電話給我。

Sing a song if you feel happy.如果感到快樂就唱首歌吧！(3)主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，if 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

You can make a lot of money if you run a company.如果你經(jīng)營一家公司的話你會(huì)裝很多錢。

You can get number one if you study hard.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)你就可以得第一。

—Mary, what about going boating if it doesn’t rain?

瑪麗，如果明天不下雨，我們就劃船好嗎？

—Good idea.好主意。

四、賓語從句與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)化

1.2.當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時(shí)，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths.→She agreed to help me with my maths.2.當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面帶特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化的賓語時(shí)，主從句的主語也須一致這時(shí)從句可以簡化成“疑問詞＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。例如：

I don't know which sweater I should buy.→I don't know which sweater to buy.3.當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是ask，tell, show, teach等后面帶雙賓語時(shí)，從句的主語和間接賓語一致，且從句是由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化來時(shí)，從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化成“疑問詞＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”,或者在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為“連接代詞/副詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：→Could you tell me how to get to the park? 4.當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡化為“賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.相應(yīng)練習(xí)：

（一）1.Have you decided ________for Australia? A.when will you leave

B.when do you leave C.you will leave when

D.when you will leave 2.Can you tell me _________ ? A.where does Tom live B.where Tom lived

C.Tom lives where D.where Tom lives 3.The old man asked me ________.A.where was the cinema

B.where is the cinema C.where the cinema was

D.where was the way to the cinema 4.I think _______ you will like him.A.that

B.if

C.why

D.how 5.I didn’t know _______ he will come or not.A.that B.whether C.weather

D.how 6.I wonder _________.A.how much cost these shoes

B.how much do these shoes cost C.how much these shoes cost

D.how much are these shoes cost 7.She asked me _________.A.who he was

B.who was he C.who is he D.who he is 8.Ask him ___.A.whose cup this is B.whose cup is this C.this is whose cup D.whose is this cup 9.I don’t know _________.A.what time the movie starts

B.what time starts the movie C.the time to start the movie

D.the movie what time starts 10.The doctor asked me how long ________.A.was I ill

B.have I been ill

C.I have been ill

D.I had been ill 11.The weather forecast doesn’t say _________.A.if it rains tomorrow

B.if does it rain tomorrow C.if it will rain tomorrow

D.if will it rain tomorrow 12.Do you know _________? A.whose pen is this

B.whose pen this is C.whom does the pen belong to

D.whom the pen belong to 13.Could you tell me where _________? A.the tape was

B.was the tape

C.the tape is

D.is the tape 14.They want to know _________? A.where is the hospital B.how old are you C.when the train will leave D.why is the boy crying 15.Tony wanted to know _________.A.what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B.when Father Christmas had put in his stocking C.what Father Christmas had put in his stocking D.where Father Christmas had put in his stocking 16.No one knows ___ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A.when

B.whether

C.where

D.if 17.July didn’t know_________.A.where is Tim’s father

B.when was the first watch made C.who the old man is

D.what was wrong with her watch 18.No one told us _________, so we need your help.A.how should we do

B.what we should do

C.what to do

D.what should we do 19.We don’t know _________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A.how do it

B.how to do

C.what do it

D.what to do 20.He asked me _________.A.whether I find out the sender of the money

B.whether did I find out the sender of the money C.whether the sender of the money found out

D.whether I found out the sender of the money

（二）（）1.Your T-shirt is so cool.Could you tell me ________? A.where you buy it B.where do you buy it C.where you bought it D.where did you buy it（）2.—Excuse me.Could you tell me _____I can get to the Space Museum(太空博物館)?

--Of course.You can take bus No.1.A.where

B.how

C.if

D.why（）3.—Do you know ________the new mobile phone last week?--Maybe 900 yuan.I’m not quite sure.A.how much she paid for B.how much will she pay for

C.how much did she pay for（）4.Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that’s ____ he succeeds.A.what B.when C.why

D.where（）5.--Excuse me, could you tell me ________?--Certainly.Go straight ahead and you’ll see it on your left.A.where the post office is

B.when you will visit the museum C.where is the post office

D.when will you visit the museum（）6.—Do you know ________the girl in red is ?

—I’m not sure.Maybe a teacher.A.when B.how

C.where D.what（）7.—What did your parents thank about your decision?--They always let me do_______I think I should.A.when B.that

C.how

D.what（）8.I want to know ________.A.when we should arrive at the airport

B.when should we arrive at the airport C.when the airport we should arrive at

D.when the airport should we arrive at（）9.--Would you please tell me __________?

--At 10:00 this evening.A.when will the train leave

B.when the train will leave

C.when does the train leave（）10.--Do you think ________ a concert in our school hall this weekend?--Yes, there will.A.there will have

B.there will be

C.will there be

D.will there have（）11.I don’t know if my uncle ________.If he ________, I will be very happy.A.comes;will come

B.will come;will come

C.comes;comes

D.will come;comes（）12.--Tommy, do you know if Frank ________ to the zoo this Sunday if it ________?

--Sorry, I have no idea.A.will go;is fine

B.goes;is fine

C.will go;is going to be fine

D.goes;will be fine

（）13.No one can be sure_________ in a million years.A.what man looks like

B.what will man look like

C.what man looked like

D.what man will look like（）14.Sue told me that she _________ shopping with her sister the next day.A.will go B.would go C.goes D.has gone（）15.The new-designed car is on show now.I wonder _________.A.how much it cost B.how much did it cost C.how much it costs D.how much does it cost

（三）將下列句子中的直接引語改為間接引語： 1.“I am very happy.” said Fisher proudly.2.Dinny said: “I saw Mr Muskam yesterday.”

3.He said: “I will have finished my work by that time.”

4.“I have never seen anything more beautiful than this.” he said.5.Mr Rochester said;“I’ve settled everything;and we will leave Thornfield tomorrow.”

6.“It is too late.” he said.7.“Here is Miss Eyre, sir,” said Mrs Fairfax.8.“I will try it,” said Kate.9.“I’ve studied biology,” he said.10.“We will go back to the house,” he said.