第一篇:糧農(nóng)FAO立場文件示例
立場文件
代表:李岱勛 蔣昀含 學校:西安市鐵一中學
國家:大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國 委員會:聯(lián)合國糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織
議題:全球合作應(yīng)對世界糧食危機
2008年4月22日,聯(lián)合國世界糧食署執(zhí)行干事希蘭在英國舉行“糧食峰會”上指出,全球正在遭遇第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來首次大范圍糧食危機,糧食危機的爆發(fā),致使全球性的糧食價格飆升。近年來,國際小麥價格上漲181%,食品價格整體上漲83%,世界糧食儲備降低至1980年來最低水平。至今已有50余國家爆發(fā)糧食危機。在非洲一些發(fā)展中國家,民眾幾乎將微薄的收入全部用于糧食,更有無數(shù)人處于忍饑挨餓之中,糧食危機引發(fā)的多種問題已到不可忽視的地步。
糧食危機所帶來的多方問題已引起了國際社會的廣泛關(guān)注,聯(lián)合國和眾多有關(guān)國家、機構(gòu)和組織紛紛作出努力改善糧食的動蕩局勢。面對糧價上漲的挑戰(zhàn),希蘭在“糧食峰會”上呼吁各國政府、聯(lián)合國機構(gòu)、非政府組織等多方合作,采取“大規(guī)模、高級別”行動,尋求綜合解決之道。目前世糧署已計劃與合作伙伴從三方面應(yīng)對“無聲海嘯”(希蘭2008年4月發(fā)言將糧食價格上漲比作無聲的海嘯)。在短期應(yīng)急救援方面:短期緊急籌集足夠資金,保障糧食援助行動能夠有力進行,以避免部分國家因糧食危機所爆發(fā)社會動蕩;中期方面:利用后勤能力支援救援物資輸送網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)平均每小時30艘船、5000輛車和70架飛機,通過海、陸、空交通為受災(zāi)地區(qū)運送糧食;長期方面:支持各國政府實施改革,為農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展項目提供技術(shù)和建議。大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國作為負責任、愛好和平的國家,有能力與義務(wù)呼吁各國家攜手抵御糧食危機的加劇,已采取多項有力舉措,積極參與糧食局勢的改善與對處于糧食危機之中的國家人道主義援助。
大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國歷來以國際問題為己任,對遇到困難的國家采取慷慨、積極的態(tài)度。大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國首相布朗于2008年4月2日承諾為世糧署提供3000萬英鎊(約合6000萬美元),幫助其在這輪糧食危機“重災(zāi)區(qū)”——津巴布韋、索馬里和肯尼亞開展救援。
此次世界糧食危機的爆發(fā)與以往糧食危機相比,影響強度更大,危害性更強。有的國家重新啟用糧食配給卡,有的國家憑證發(fā)放評價大米,急劇攀升的糧價已在世界各地引起動蕩和騷亂。部分地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力處于欠發(fā)達狀態(tài),尤其是在撒哈拉以南的非洲,世界銀行等組織已開始向發(fā)展中國家,尤其是非洲投入數(shù)以億計的美元,培訓貧窮農(nóng)民和當?shù)匮芯咳藛T,力爭改善土壤的肥沃程度,提高農(nóng)民種植技術(shù),并最終提高糧食產(chǎn)量。世界銀行將把對非洲農(nóng)業(yè)提供的貸款提高一倍,從4.5億美元增加到8億美元,在管理干旱等系統(tǒng)性風險方面向國家及農(nóng)民個人提供幫助。美國等發(fā)達國家也已發(fā)布有關(guān)糧食政策,呼吁國民減少鋪張浪費,節(jié)約糧食,這將緩解緊張的糧食供求市場。同時一些發(fā)達國家將遏制過剩的全球化資本把目標轉(zhuǎn)向資源和糧食為主的商業(yè)投機,許多國家的糧食安全也將得到逐步保證。
(圖為世界部分國家生物能源使用情況)
可以看到,這些舉動已正在逐步緩解世界糧食危機的加劇,是卓有成效的。但也要看到,糧食危機的根源并沒有根除,仍有加劇的勢頭,且部分國家仍未在共同解決糧食危機的問題上意見保持一致,國際社會迫切需要各個國家共同合作來抵御“無聲的海嘯”。大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國在共同合作解決糧食危機問題上提出以下立場與主張:
1.進行緊急援助。對于正身處于糧食危機的水深火熱國家給予緊急經(jīng)濟與物資援助,以緩解因糧食不足導(dǎo)致的社會動蕩,引發(fā)更多的社會問題。世界上每一個國家均有義務(wù)與責任對處于困難的國家給予人道主義援助;
2.加強全球協(xié)作。世界糧食危機需要全世界各個國家共同協(xié)作,共同應(yīng)對,共同解決。特別是發(fā)達國家要增加向不發(fā)達地區(qū)和國家的援助力度。發(fā)達國家和國際組織不應(yīng)簡單地向缺糧國家和地區(qū)捐糧,還應(yīng)向他們派遣農(nóng)業(yè)專家,提供資金和技術(shù),幫助他們培育人才提高產(chǎn)業(yè)能力,增加糧食儲存和銷售收入,使這些國家逐步達到自給自足的能力,因地制宜地采取多種經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易政策;
3.減少生物能源。科學引導(dǎo)生物能源發(fā)展,堅持把糧食安全放在首位,減少不合理使用糧食來充當生物燃料的行為,鼓勵人們多使用省油型汽車或新能源汽車(包括太陽能汽車、電動力汽車等),并努力研發(fā)出能夠代替生物燃料的更加環(huán)保高能的燃料。
4.厲行節(jié)約糧食。在全球范圍內(nèi)積極倡導(dǎo)人民節(jié)約糧食,反對鋪張浪費。努力降低不必要的用糧需求,加大釀造業(yè)(含釀酒、釀醋等)飼料業(yè)等用糧行業(yè)改造,減少原料中糧食占用比例,降低糧食消耗;
5.創(chuàng)建長效體系。建立公平合理的貿(mào)易秩序,創(chuàng)造良性循環(huán)的貿(mào)易環(huán)境。聯(lián)合國及各區(qū)域組織應(yīng)協(xié)助產(chǎn)糧國建立穩(wěn)定的糧食銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò),減少中間商對糧食價格的控制影響,促進糧食價格的穩(wěn)定,增加產(chǎn)糧國的生產(chǎn)積極性;
6.加強優(yōu)勢互補。本著平等自愿的原則,積極倡導(dǎo)不同國家和地區(qū)間在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的各個方面(如技術(shù)、資金、人力、土地等)相互合作。通過農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)發(fā)達國家對于欠發(fā)達國家提供技術(shù)培訓,經(jīng)濟發(fā)達國家向以農(nóng)業(yè)為基礎(chǔ)的欠發(fā)達國家提供貸款和投資,擁有先進技術(shù)的國家代理開發(fā)技術(shù)落后國家的多余土地等形式,提高全球產(chǎn)量,從根本上解決全球糧食危機。
大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國將致力于解決世界糧食危機所帶來的種種問題,并將肩負起大國應(yīng)有的國際責任,積極與世界各國商討糧食問題的前景,對處于危機之中的國家伸出援助之手,與全球攜手合作。大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國代表希望在會上與各國代表積極磋商,相信這次會議會取得豐碩成果。
參考文獻:
[1]黃瑩瑩,張明之.強勢國家的能源控制與全球經(jīng)濟增長中的能源瓶頸[J] [2]《解析糧食危機根源》聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織網(wǎng)
[3]《糧食情況及糧食展望》聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織共用文件庫
第二篇:立場文件
立場文件 新中國成立以來,我們國家發(fā)生了巨大變化,特別是改革開放,極大地調(diào)動了人們的積極性和創(chuàng)造性,開創(chuàng)了國家經(jīng)濟、政治、文化、社會全面發(fā)展的嶄新局面,綜合國力大幅提升,人民生活顯著改善,城鄉(xiāng)面貌日新月異,國際地位不斷提高。我們走的中國特色社會主義道路,是一條富民強國、振興中華的康莊大道。
在我們這樣一個有著十幾億人口的大國進行現(xiàn)代化建設(shè),是人類歷史上前所未有的壯舉。我們已經(jīng)取得了偉大的成就,但前面的路還很長。在前進的道路上既有機遇也有挑戰(zhàn)。我們堅信,只要堅定不移地走中國特色社會主義道路,堅持改革開放,就一定能夠把中國建設(shè)成為富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家。我們對中國的未來充滿希望,我們偉大祖國的前程無限光明!
能源是支持人類文明進步的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),也是現(xiàn)代社會發(fā)展須臾不可或缺的基本條件。近年來,綠色發(fā)展在全球蓬勃興起。其核心是減少對能源資源的過度消耗,追求經(jīng)濟、社會、生態(tài)全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。為此,世界各國進行了積極探索,中國也做出了不懈努力。我們積極調(diào)整經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu),加大節(jié)能減排力度;加大政策扶持,加快清潔能源發(fā)展;加快傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)改造,提高能源利用效率;倡導(dǎo)低碳生活方式,推行綠色消費。我們面臨的困難很多,付出的代價很大,但我們毫不動搖。
為了減少能源資源問題帶來的困擾和不平等,世界各國應(yīng)當進一步行動起來,共同做出更大努力。第一,要把節(jié)能增效放在首位,推動建立節(jié)約型生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式和消費模式,通過采用先進科技提高能效,建設(shè)低投入、高產(chǎn)出、低消耗、少排放、能循環(huán)、可持續(xù)的國民經(jīng)濟體系。第二,要大力發(fā)展可再生能源和清潔能源。各國應(yīng)加強政策扶持,擴大應(yīng)用規(guī)模,逐步降低成本,越來越多地替代化石能源。第三,要積極推動能源科技革命。政府應(yīng)當加大投入,推進能源科技創(chuàng)新的工程示范和產(chǎn)業(yè)化。發(fā)達國家應(yīng)當在保護知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的前提下,向發(fā)展中國家和不發(fā)達國家提供、轉(zhuǎn)移技術(shù)。第四,要有效保障能源安全。可考慮在G20框架下,本著互利共贏的原則,建立一個包括能源供應(yīng)國、消費國、中轉(zhuǎn)國在內(nèi)的全球能源市場治理機制。要通過協(xié)商對話,制定公正、合理、有約束力的國際規(guī)則,構(gòu)建能源市場的預(yù)測預(yù)警、價格協(xié)調(diào)、金融監(jiān)督、安全應(yīng)急等多邊協(xié)調(diào)機制,使全球能源市場更加安全、穩(wěn)定、可持續(xù)。
中國一貫尊重西亞北非地區(qū)國家和人民的自主選擇,支持其依靠資源稟賦和優(yōu)勢發(fā)展本國經(jīng)濟。中國將繼續(xù)同世界各國人民一道,加強國際合作,推動可持續(xù)創(chuàng)新,致力于發(fā)展未來能源,共同建設(shè)一個綠色和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的新世界。
第三篇:立場文件11-05-04
Delegates:
School: College of Foreign Language.Country: The United Kingdom Committee: ECOSOC Topic: Ocean Protection.Ocean protection has become a world focus, for it has close relationship to many other important issues.On one hand, the high seas are parts of country.Each of us thinks highly of them.We will take a good use of them and protect them well.On the other hand, the ocean is the property of the whole human.As the water flowing, the pollution of ocean will affect many countries.So the UK government has created the world's largest marine reserve around the Chagos Islands.As UK Foreign Secretary David Miliband commented: “Its creation is a major step forward for protecting the oceans, not just around BIOT [British Indian Ocean Territory] itself, but also throughout the world.This measure is a further demonstration of how the UK takes its international environmental responsibilities seriously.”
The UK government has long paid attention to the problem of ocean protection.In 2010, One year ago, the UK government established the Chagos Marine Reserve in the Indian Ocean, marking an historic victory for global ocean conservation.And more than 275,000 people from at least 200 countries and territories joined the call from the Chagos Environment Network, Pew’s joint initiative with eight leading conservation and scientific organizations, to protect the Chagos before it is too late.For now, the UK goverment has been accomplished to ensure that these islands and their surrounding waters will be protected for future generations.These efforts include initiating scientific and conservation projects to restore native vegetation on the islands, ending all legal fishing in the surrounding waters, and launching conservation training for Chagossians.UK is with no exception as together with all the other nations in the whole world faced with the problem of oceanic pollution as well as the over exploitation problem, and is facing it ,for generations.The optimistic achievement from UK so far is also pretty encouraging.In 2010, the UK government established the Chagos Marine Reserve in the Indian Ocean, which makes such a historic victory for global ocean conservation.This measure is a further demonstration of how the UK takes its international environmental responsibilities seriously." And also, according to a survey of Marine Conservation Society, the numbers of sharks, sea purses, stingrays, whales and seals have already been sharply reduced in the seas around UK.The UK government is always making effort in many aspects to provide better treatment to protect ocean.For instance, UK put forward the new bill on ocean protection, Marine and Coastal Access Act, in 2009, which also marked the UK's marine species and their habitats would be more comprehensive protection.UK would like to utilize the power of international legislation to standardize ocean exploitation.For now, the UK government has been accomplished to ensure that these islands and their surrounding waters will be protected for future generations.These efforts include initiating scientific and conservation projects to restore native vegetation on the islands, ending all legal fishing in the surrounding waters, and launching conservation training for Chagossians.UK would like to utilize the chance of cooperating with international countries.Meanwhile, UK would like to establish a new marine management institution, to strengthen the construction of marine protection laws and regulations.UK affirms its great intention of cooperating with other countries to promote this project.UK is firmly convinced that the ocean should be protected before it is too late.海洋保護已成為世界的焦點,因為它有著密切的關(guān)系,許多其他重要問題。一方面,公海是全國各地。我們每個人都認為他們的高度評價。我們將采取一系列用好,保護好。另一方面,海洋是整個人類的財產(chǎn)。由于水流,海洋污染將影響許多國家。因此,英國政府已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了世界上最大的查戈斯群島周圍的海洋保護區(qū)。正如英國外交大臣米利班德說:“它的建立是保護海洋的重要一步,不僅是圍繞畢奧[英屬印度洋領(lǐng)地]本身,而且在整個世界里,這種措施是英國如何采取進一步論證。其國際環(huán)境認真負責?!?/p>
英國政府長期以來一直重視對海洋的保護問題。2010年,一年前,英國政府設(shè)立了印度洋查戈斯群島海洋保護區(qū),標志著一個全球海洋保護的歷史性勝利。超過275,000名來自至少200個國家和地區(qū)的人加入從查戈斯環(huán)境網(wǎng)絡(luò),皮尤與八大的保護和科研機構(gòu)聯(lián)合倡議,呼吁保護查戈斯,以免為時過晚。目前,英國政府已經(jīng)完成,以確保這些島嶼及其周圍海域?qū)⒊蔀槲磥韼状说谋Wo。這些努力包括科學和保護項目的啟動,恢復(fù)原生植被的島嶼,終止于附近水域捕魚的所有法律,并開展節(jié)能方面的查戈斯培訓。
英國是沒有例外,連同所有與海洋污染,以及過度開采問題,面臨的問題,其他國家和整個世界面臨的世代。從英國樂觀的成就至今也相當令人鼓舞。2010年,英國政府在印度洋建立,這使得這樣一個全球海洋保護的歷史性勝利的查戈斯群島海洋保護區(qū)。這項措施是如何在英國的國際環(huán)境需要進一步論證認真負責?!斑€有,根據(jù)對海洋環(huán)境保護協(xié)會的調(diào)查,鯊魚,海皮包,黃貂魚,鯨魚和海豹的數(shù)量已經(jīng)急劇減少圍繞英國海域。英國政府總是做了多方面努力提供更好的治療,以保護海洋。例如,英國提出了關(guān)于海洋保護,新的法案海洋和海岸使用法,在2009年,這也標志著英國的海洋物種及其棲息地的保護將更加全面。
英國想利用國際立法的權(quán)力,規(guī)范海洋開發(fā)。目前,英國政府已經(jīng)完成,以確保這些島嶼及其周圍海域?qū)⒊蔀槲磥韼状说谋Wo。這些努力包括科學和保護項目的啟動,恢復(fù)原生植被的島嶼,終止于附近水域捕魚的所有法律,并開展節(jié)能方面的查戈斯培訓。英國希望利用與國際各國合作的機會。與此同時,英國將要建立一個新的海洋管理機構(gòu),加強對海洋保護的法律法規(guī)建設(shè)。英國確認其與其他國家合作,以促進該項目的大的意向。英國堅信,海洋應(yīng)該受到保護,以免為時過晚。
第四篇:新西蘭立場文件
學校:青島第十六中學 國家:新西蘭
委員會:中文常規(guī)委員會 議題:農(nóng)業(yè)補貼 代表:黑俊銘 張笑恬
由于農(nóng)業(yè)的特殊性,農(nóng)業(yè)補貼是一個國家保護糧食安全、支持農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展、維持農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格穩(wěn)定、保障農(nóng)民收入最主要,最常用的政策工具。但另一方面,巨額的農(nóng)業(yè)補貼誤導(dǎo)了資源配置,導(dǎo)致資源從更有生產(chǎn)力的用途流向農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、增加了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的世界供應(yīng)從而壓低了世界價格、嚴重背離了自由貿(mào)易的基本原則。更重要的是,由于發(fā)展中國家的農(nóng)業(yè)部門通常比在出口、就業(yè)方面往往比發(fā)達國家占更大的比重,無疑發(fā)展中國家為農(nóng)業(yè)補貼負擔了更多的農(nóng)業(yè)補貼成本,并且深受其害。
新西蘭因生產(chǎn)效率低和資金缺乏而深受歐美國家出口補貼之苦,強烈要求糾正在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易上的扭曲現(xiàn)象。新西蘭總理約翰·基2012年9月7日發(fā)表言論表示,全球各國的農(nóng)業(yè)補貼浪費了數(shù)千億美元資金,在全球財政危機的背景下,巨額農(nóng)業(yè)補貼難以負擔。約翰·基說,根據(jù)新西蘭的自身經(jīng)驗,我們知道削減補貼不是易事。但補貼削減措施出臺后,農(nóng)民很快便通過削減成本、提高生產(chǎn)率,根據(jù)市場需求做出了調(diào)整。相關(guān)舉措最終使新西蘭在農(nóng)業(yè)及葡萄酒領(lǐng)域擁有了全球最高的生產(chǎn)率。約翰·基在符拉迪沃斯托克舉行的亞太經(jīng)合組織(APEC)峰會一個商業(yè)論壇上指出,目前日本、美國、歐盟均面臨著削減財政赤字,控制公共債務(wù)的巨大挑戰(zhàn),當前規(guī)模的補貼難以負擔,且不可持續(xù)。據(jù)了解,新西蘭上世紀80年代已經(jīng)廢除了農(nóng)業(yè)補貼。新西蘭是世界上少數(shù)幾個依靠農(nóng)業(yè)立國并進入發(fā)達國家行列的國家。依靠優(yōu)越的自然條件、科技創(chuàng)新以及制度改革等,形成了主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)清晰、自然環(huán)保、科技領(lǐng)先、質(zhì)量安全、低成本、高效率、競爭力強的由大企業(yè)和行業(yè)協(xié)會領(lǐng)銜的規(guī)?;?、一體化現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè),成為發(fā)達國家中對農(nóng)業(yè)沒有進行直接補貼但國際競爭力很強的外向型農(nóng)業(yè)典范。
在國際上面,新西蘭已加入凱恩斯集團,凱恩斯集團由15個國家組成的一個非正式聯(lián)合體,于1986年成立于澳大利亞凱恩斯。在烏拉圭回合多變貿(mào)易談判中,凱恩斯集團是一個堅強的聯(lián)合體,它要求撤消貿(mào)易壁壘并穩(wěn)定削減影響農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易的補貼。這些國家有澳大利亞、阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥倫比亞、匈牙利、印度尼西亞、馬來西亞、菲律賓、新西蘭、泰國、烏拉圭、斐濟和加拿大等14個國家,其農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口占世界出口量的25%,但是這些國家都沒有對其農(nóng)產(chǎn)品給予補貼。1999年11月29日,該集團決定吸收3個美洲國家為其成員,這三個國家是玻利維亞、哥斯達黎加和危地馬拉。在關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定烏拉圭回合農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易談判中,該集團發(fā)揮了舉足輕重的作用。其原因有二:一是在推動農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易自由化方面與美國的立場相近;一是在考慮實施農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易自由化的過渡辦法和期限上與發(fā)展中國家的觀點相近。前者是由于凱恩斯集團在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口上有著巨大的利益,因此積極主張以交通燈方案制約國內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)支持措施;同意把非關(guān)稅壁壘轉(zhuǎn)變成關(guān)稅措施;同意按一定的公式削減農(nóng)產(chǎn)品關(guān)稅等。后者是由于凱恩斯集團的絕大多數(shù)成員為發(fā)展中國家。凱恩斯集團成員國從1986年以來多次舉行會議,要求取消農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口補貼。美國主張逐步取消補貼,10年以后全部取消。歐洲共同體認為可以采取一些措施改變這種政策,但是不可能全部取消補貼。
在這么長時間取消農(nóng)業(yè)補貼的行動中,新西蘭認識到,要盡快解決農(nóng)業(yè)補貼問題,我們還需處理以下幾個方面:
1、世界上仍有許多國家困擾農(nóng)業(yè)補貼這項政策,我們應(yīng)繼續(xù)拉攏這些保持中立和飽受農(nóng)業(yè)補貼困擾的國家,擴大取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅這份力量在世界上的影響力。
2、與支持農(nóng)業(yè)補貼的國家繼續(xù)進行談判,表面農(nóng)業(yè)補貼的缺點與對發(fā)展中國家造成的不利影響,保證盡快的取消農(nóng)業(yè)補貼。
3、加強國際合作機制,由聯(lián)合國牽頭協(xié)調(diào)各國解決農(nóng)業(yè)補貼問題,找出解決此問題的關(guān)鍵,正確的聯(lián)合各個國家,保證各個聯(lián)合國家的利益。
長期以來,歐洲共同體成員國與美國對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口實行補貼政策,這種貿(mào)易保護主義的作法在國際市場上造成供過于求的混亂狀況,使其它沒有能力給予補貼的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口國,尤其是發(fā)展中國家,在國際市場上失去競爭能力,經(jīng)濟上蒙受嚴重損失。所以新西蘭再次呼吁各個國家反對農(nóng)業(yè)補貼,關(guān)注發(fā)展中國家因農(nóng)業(yè)補貼而承受發(fā)展上的損失,以建立國際合作機制來解決農(nóng)業(yè)補貼問題,促進世界人道主義事業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展。
第五篇:mun立場文件
Committee: Model United Nations Conference
Topic:Education for Sustainable Development
Country:Portugal
Delegate:Li Han
Education is the key to promoting the sustainable development and improve peoples ability to solve the problem of environment and development.It is a major force for sustainable development change, and for improving peoples ability to transform social ideals into reality.Education not only provides the scientific and technical skills, but also provide motivation, validation, and social support to pursue and apply to these skills.Everyone has equal right to education.However, on a global scale, current education exists many problems:education popularity is not enough, education gender imbalance, uneven distribution of education resources, education infrastructure is not perfect.In the long term, citizen quality is reduced and population quality gap caused the gap between rich and poor is widening , which will go against three pillars of sustainable development environment, social and economic problems.As a member of the committee, the Portuguese has always attached great importance to the sustainable development of education,improving the national education system.Since the United Nations put forward the concept of sustainable development, Portugal has held consultations on the Sustainable Development Goals.The government of Portugal spends 5.8% of the national GDP on education every year, and implements 12-year compulsory education.Public schools are free from primary to secondary school, and there are plenty of public and private universities.For the average level of education in European countries, 21.9% of the population aged 25-64 is below secondary school age.Portugal, however, more than doubled the figure, to 50.2%.In recent years, a number of relevant ACTS have been adopted, such as Principles and Tools for the Establishment of a Higher Education Region in Europe, On the Development and Quality of higher education, on the Financing of higher education, and on the Assessment of Higher education.For uneven distribution of education resources:
for the developed countries:
Country should increase the training of teachers:education workers, and teachers of basic education and secondary education should be through the higher education course to obtain the appropriate qualifications;the University provides educational training for middle school teachers;.Encourage talents to the backward area scattered.Accelerate setting up resources to rural configuration of incentive mechanism.Guiding elements such as capital, technology, talent and management to the rural gathered themselves together, and encourage college graduates to work in the countryside, Mobilizing talents in science and technology, education, health, culture and other fields to go to the countryside.Encourage more college students and the outstanding teachers to teach at education backward place, providing them with more favorable terms.Promote distance education.For developing countries:
the root cause of uneven distribution of resources lies in unbalanced development.Therefore, to achieve balanced education, the development gap between regions should be narrowed first.Portugal believes that all countries should speed up urbanization and new rural construction, and increase support for rural areas and other backward areas.We should increase support and security for poor areas, build a new countryside, cancel agricultural tax, exempt tuition and miscellaneous fees, establish a new rural cooperative medical care system, a rural minimum living allowance system and a new rural social endowment insurance system, etc.The government could introduce measures to provide student loans to students and increase financial assistance to students from poor families in ordinary universities.To conflict and war, the international crisis, since the outbreak of the 2010 crisis, Portugal is in financial difficulties and school enrolment is falling all the way.It took several years to rectify the situation before it returned to normal.Thus it can be seen that the political and economic environment a country is in and the peace or turbulence of the international community have a direct impact on the education of a country.Portugal called for :
Oppose hegemonism and power politics and respect the right of all countries and peoples to live and develop in their own way.To ease the economic and political crisis, the capitalist countries should moderate macroeconomic regulation and control to avoid overproduction.Raise the consumption capacity of producers, raise the national minimum wage standard, improve and implement the minimum wage system.Socialist countries should strengthen and improve all policies to support and benefit agriculture and strive to increase the income of grain farmers.Substantially increase direct subsidies for grain production, comprehensive direct subsidies for agricultural supplies, subsidies for superior seed varieties, and subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools.Increase the range of wages and incomes of enterprise employees.Uphold the basic principle of opposing willful use or threat of force in dealing with international issues.Increase national defense input in building up the armed forces so that the armed forces of all countries can truly act as a strong backing to protect national interests.Safeguard national sovereignty, security and territorial integrity.For gender equality:
promote equality between men and women.Strengthen the training of female thought and political education to make it clear that women have the political rights.There should be women in the election.Stipulate legal marriage time to reduce early marriage early childbearing.Portugal calls for countries to actively participate in the UN womens agencys activities in conformity with the charter of the United Nations and give financial support.For education infrastructure:
Raise funds through various channels, tap internal potential, save expenditure and open up a wide range of sources of fund.Take the initiative to contact key enterprises, social organizations, well-known people, mobilize them to actively support the cause of education in backward areas.Give play to the regulatory role of the competent educational authorities, integrate educational resources and strive to combine the strong with the weak.The school implements the first-person responsibility system for safety, and implements the safety work responsibility system at different levels.The school should strengthen the safety education of teachers and students and improve their safety consciousness and self-protection ability.Increase central and local government spending to build power, road and gas networks and other infrastructure in poor areas and improve basic public services.To sum up, Portugal actively supports the activities of the United Nations relating to education for sustainable development and the efforts of individual countries for sustainable development, and will carry out bilateral and multilateral exchanges and cooperation with member States in particular.Portugal is confident of the early realization of education for sustainable development, and believes that inclusive and equitable education and lifelong learning will one day be available to citizens all over the world.