第一篇：初中英語定語從句教學(xué)反思

初中英語定語從句教學(xué)反思

輝南八中 姚春艷

本節(jié)課我設(shè)計(jì)的是定語從句的語法教學(xué)。定語從旬是初中英語語法教學(xué)的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也是初中英語教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)。它是一個(gè)常見的語言現(xiàn)象，在初中階段，定語從句只要求初步掌握，會運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞填空就可以了，可是為了能讓學(xué)生在日常生活和學(xué)習(xí)中，能充分運(yùn)用這一種句型，也是為學(xué)生進(jìn)入高中繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)定語從句打基礎(chǔ)，所以我大膽的將定語從句的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)擴(kuò)大和加深。定語從句的運(yùn)用，在歷屆中考試題中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。并且廣泛分布于單選、完型填空和閱讀甚至短文改錯(cuò)等各種題型當(dāng)中。因此，對于初中階段的學(xué)生來說，學(xué)好定語從句對中考乃至將來的高考都是十分重要的。下面是我的教學(xué)反思:

一、設(shè)計(jì)意圖

我設(shè)計(jì)的整體教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)是這樣的：我準(zhǔn)備用三節(jié)課時(shí)間來學(xué)習(xí)定語從句，第一節(jié)為感性認(rèn)知階段，即讓學(xué)生通過大量的定語從句發(fā)現(xiàn)定語從句的規(guī)率，認(rèn)識定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)、連接詞，如何根據(jù)一個(gè)句子找到先行詞并對其進(jìn)行定語從句的書寫。由于定語從句比較難懂，所以很多學(xué)生一定不是很清楚，也不一定很容易就能說出如何構(gòu)造一個(gè)定語從句，這也不要緊，本節(jié)的重點(diǎn)是觀察和理解，主要在說上下功夫。第二節(jié)課為感性認(rèn)知到理解階段，即在復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)課定語從句的構(gòu)成規(guī)率、各部分的概念和基本句式的基礎(chǔ)上，讓學(xué)生由說到寫的過程，通過讓學(xué)生用定語從句書寫自已喜歡的人和物（如最喜歡的天氣、歌手、運(yùn)動、電影、服裝等）來深化對定語從句的理解和運(yùn)用。主要在寫上下功夫。第三節(jié)，為綜合運(yùn)用階段,即在上兩節(jié)課的基礎(chǔ)上，說寫之后，學(xué)生對定語從句已經(jīng)有了一定的理解和運(yùn)用，本節(jié)的重點(diǎn)是句型操練，書寫句子和練習(xí)題鞏固。最后完成一個(gè)相應(yīng)的聽力練習(xí)。三節(jié)課學(xué)生達(dá)到運(yùn)用定語從句的目的。本節(jié)只是整個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的三分之一。

二、各環(huán)節(jié)完成情況：

（一）、要準(zhǔn)確理解定語從句的概念

在復(fù)合句中用于限定或修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫做定語從句，被定語從句所限定或修飾的名詞、代詞叫做先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞之后。通過例句進(jìn)行教學(xué)：This is the engineer who give us a talk on science and technology(這就是要給我們作關(guān)于科學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告的工程師)，這句話中who give us a talk on science and 1 technology就是定語從句，修飾先行詞engineer，從旬中的who是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從旬。完成較好。

（二）、理解定語從句的構(gòu)成

關(guān)系代詞或副詞+陳述旬。其中關(guān)系代詞有：who，whom whose，which，that，as等，關(guān)系副詞有：when，where，why等 關(guān)系代詞在句中有雙重功能：

1、代表前面所修飾的先行詞，將從句和主句連接起來；

2、在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。

例如上面的例旬中關(guān)系代詞“who”，它一方面起連接先行詞和定語從句的作用，另一方面在從句中充當(dāng)主語成分，在句子中不能翻譯成為“誰”，而相當(dāng)于“……的”。在講述構(gòu)成時(shí)，我沒有太說清楚，應(yīng)再重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)下從句部分為關(guān)系代詞或副詞+陳述句就更好了。

（三）、掌握引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法

1、由who，whom whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句的用法

在這類定語從旬中，當(dāng)定語從旬所修飾的先行詞是人的時(shí)候用who，whom和whose，who充當(dāng)主語或賓語的成分，但多作主語，whom充當(dāng)賓語，而whose充當(dāng)定語。關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)定語從句中謂語的數(shù)取決于先行詞的數(shù)。例如：

(1)This is the thiefwho stole my bike．這就是偷我自行車的那個(gè)賊。

(2)He is the boy whom you wanted to find．他就是你想要找的那個(gè)男孩。

(3)The missing pilot whose[1ame is Wang Wei is known as a hero of our country．失蹤的那位名字叫王偉的飛行員被認(rèn)為是我們國家的英雄

2、由that、which引導(dǎo)的定語從句

當(dāng)定語從句所修飾的先行詞是物的時(shí)候，用關(guān)系代詞that、which，當(dāng)然that可以指人也可以指物，當(dāng)作物的時(shí)候可以和which替換使用，在從句中作主語或賓語。例如：

(1)The comrade that(who)is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker．正在會上講話的那個(gè)同志是個(gè)先進(jìn)工人。

(2)Is this the doctor that(whom)you talked about yesterday?這就是你們昨天談?wù)摰哪俏会t(yī)生嗎?

3、由when，where and why引導(dǎo)的定語從句

它們引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，分別在句子中作時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和原因狀語。where在從旬中作地點(diǎn)狀語，when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，Why在從旬中作原因狀語。如：

(1)I will never forget the day when I joined the League．我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我入團(tuán)的那一天。

(2)He will go back to the school where he studied next week．下周他要回到他曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過 的學(xué)校。

(3)I don’t know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin．我不知道他同張琳吵架的原因。

（四）、注意掌握初中英語語法“定語從句”中的一些特殊情況

1、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)

(1)The school(that／which)he once studied in is very famous．

(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous．

(3)Tomorrow 1 will bring here a magazine(that／which)you asked for．

(4)Tomorrow I ll bring here a magazine for which you asked．

(5)we’l1 go to hear the famous singer(whom／that／who)we have often talked about．

(6)we’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked．

注意：1．含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for，]ook after，take care of等

(1)This is the watch which／that I am looking for．(T)

(2)This is the watch for which I am looking．(F)

2、只能用that作為定語從旬的關(guān)系代詞的情況

(1)當(dāng)先行詞為 anything，nothing，everything，the one，all，much，few，any，little只用that，不用which。例如；You should do all that is useful to yourself．

(2)當(dāng)先行詞為the only，the very，the same，the last，just 修飾時(shí)，只用that。例如：This is the last place that I want to visit．

(3)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí)，只用that。． 例如：This is your second time that you tell us the story．

(4)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。

We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in．

3、不能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

(1)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。

Last night I saw a very good film，which was about the Anti——Japanese War 4

(2)介詞后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food．

We depend on the land that／which we get our food from

以上所提到的內(nèi)容都屬于定語從句中的限定性定語從旬，英語語法中，還有另外一種定語從句叫做非限定性定語從句。限定性定語從句為先行詞不可少的定語，如果將這個(gè)定語從句省去，主句的意思就會不完整，這種定語從句和主句的關(guān)系非常密切，不可用逗號將主句和從句隔開。然而非限定性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，如果省去也不至于影響主句的意思，和主句之間往往用逗號來隔開。由于初中階段主要要求的是學(xué)生初步掌握限定性定語從旬，同學(xué)們到高一級學(xué)校后將進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)非限定性定語從句，在這里就不詳細(xì)講解了。

第二篇：初中英語定語從句(學(xué)生)

初中英語定語從句練習(xí)題

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.where C.what D.in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke

B.to who spoke

C.I spoke to

D.that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A.which B.that C.when D.on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.A.where B.that C.which D.there 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.about which you talked B.which you talked C.about that you talked D.that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A.whom B.who C.which D.that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D.with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose

29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A.in which B.with which C.that D.for which 30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.A.after which I have looked B.which I have looked after C.that I have looked after D.I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A.why;that B.that;why C.for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way ______I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which B.either of which C.both of that D.both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _____ was very kind of them.A.who B.which C.that D.it 37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.A.that B.which C.from that D.from which 38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.A.that B.which C.who D.as 39.You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.A./ B.why C.when D.whose 40.Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A.that B.which C.it D.though 41.---Did you ask the guard _______ happened?---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what;that B.what;what C.which;which D.that;that 42.I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.4-

第三篇：初中英語定語從句練習(xí)題

定語從句講解及練習(xí)

一．定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。如：1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2)You must do everything that I do.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。

引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有：關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)

關(guān)系副詞where, when、why 關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：

1、引導(dǎo)定語從句

2、代替先行詞

3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分

二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1.who指人，在從句中做主語

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，常可省略。

(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。

(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略

(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(which 在句子中做主語)

(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.(which 在句子中做賓語)4.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。

(5)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主語)

(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?(在句子中做賓語)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語

(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替

(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三．關(guān)系副詞的用法：

1.when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語

It happned in November when the weather was wet and cold.2.where 指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中做地點(diǎn)狀語 Let’s look for a place where we can swim.3.why指原因，其先行詞常是reason，在句中做原因狀語 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.關(guān)系代詞只用that,不用which的情況

1.先行詞為：all,everything,anything,nothing ,little,much等不定代詞時(shí)。

He told me everything that he knows.2.先行詞被all ,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時(shí)

All the books that you offered has been given out.3.先行詞有形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾，或先行詞本身就是最高級或序數(shù)詞時(shí)。This is the best novel that I have ever read.4.先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。

We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.先行詞被the only,the very 修飾時(shí)。He is the only man that can do the work.6.句中已經(jīng)有who或which ,為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)，Who is the girl that is drawing a picture?

定 語 從 句 練習(xí)

用關(guān)系代詞填空：that、which、who、whom、whose 1.This is the man ________ wants to see you.2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man __________ you went to see has come.4.The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.6.The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.7.The person ______________ you should write to is Mr.Ball.8.The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.13.This is shirt ___________I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book ________ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book ____________ is on the table is mine.16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? 19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.單項(xiàng)選擇

（）1.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.A.who

B.which

C.whom

D.whose（）2.What’s the name of the program________.A.which are listening

B.you are listening to

C.to that you are listening

D.that you are listening（）3.The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.A.in which

B.in that this

C.all that

A.whom

B.whose

A.where

D.in everything

D.which D.in that D.who（）4.He was the only person in his office______ was invited.C.that

（）5.This is the museum______ we visited last year.B.in which

C.which

C.which

（）6.Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.A.that

B.what

（）7.Do you know the student_____?

A.whom I often talk

C.I often talk with

B.with who I often talk D.that I often talk

C.it's

D.its（）8.I like the house_____ windows face south.A.whose

B.who’s

A.what I need

B.I need

A.who

（）9.Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?

C.which I need it

D.that I need it

C.whom

D.that（）10.The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.B.to whom

（）11． Did you find the notebook ______ Jim had given me for my birthday?

A.who

B.whom

C.which

D.whose（）12.That's all ______ I have seen and heard.A.which

B.that

C.where

D.what（）13.Have you seen the man _____ plan we were talking about______ yesterday ?

A.who, them B.its, them

C.whose,/

D.whose, them（）14.The Oscar is one of the film prizes ____ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.A.which are not

B.that have not been C.that has not

D.that has not been（）15.He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.A.that

B.as

C.who

D.which（）16.The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate.A.who's

B.whose

C.that

D.of which（）17._________ cleans the classroom can go home first.A.Anyone

B.those who

C.However

D.The one who（）18.The police caught the man _______ stole my handbag.A.he

B.that

C.whom

D.which（）19.The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister.A.which, is

B.whom, was

C.who , is

D.who, was（）20.George Mallory was an English teacher _______ loved climbing.A.who

B.whom

C.he

D.which

第四篇：初中英語定語從句練習(xí)題

初中英語定語從句練習(xí)題

（一）一、選擇填空

1.Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure.A.which

B.What

C.as

D.those 2.Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A.that

B.Where C.in which

D.the one 3.Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one 4.Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one 5.The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.A.that

B.Where

C.in which

D.in that 6.The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.A.at which

B.on that C.in which

D.of what 7.This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..A.how you have observed

B.what you have observed C.that you have observed

D.how that you have observed 8.The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.A.because

B.why

C.that

D.whether 9.I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.A.all which

B.That C.all that

D.which 10.That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.A.whose

B.of which

C.in which

D.on which 11.I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.A.as

B.That

C.which

D.what 12.He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A.which

B.it

C.that

D.what 13.We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______ were in the concert we attended last night.A.Which

B.whom

C.who

D.that 14.The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.A.who is singing

B.is singing

C.sang

D.was singing 15.Those ___ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn

B.Who

C.that learns

D.who learn 16.Anyone ________ this opinion may speak out.A.that against

B.that against

C.who is against

D.who are against 17.Didn’t you see the man ________?

A.I nodded just now

B.whom I nodded just now C.I nodded to him just now

D.I nodded to just now 18.Can you lend me the novel ______ the other day? A.that you talked

B.you talked about it C.which you talked with

D.you talked about 19.Is there anything _______ to you? A.that is belonged

B.that belongs C.that belong

D.which belongs 20.----“How do you like the book?”

----“It’s quite different from _______ I read last month.” A.that

B.which

C.the one

D.the one what 21.Mr.Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _____ who had lready taken them.A.the ones

B.ones

C.Some

D.the others 22.The train _______ she was travelling was late.A.which

B.Where C.on which

D.in that 23.He has lost the key to the drawer _______ the papers are kept.A.where

B.in which

C.under which

D.which 24.Antarctic _______ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A.Which

B.Where

C.That

D.about which 25.It’s the third time _______ late this month.A.that you arrived

B.when you arrived C.that you’ve arrived

D.when you’ve arrived

26.It was in 1969 _______the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A.that

B.which

C.when

D.in which 27.May the fourth is the day ______ we Chinese people will never forget.A.which

B.When

C.on which

D.about which 28.We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _______ live my grandparents and some relatives.A.Which

B.That

C.Who

D.where 29.The hotel _______ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A.we stayed at

B.where we stayed at C.we stayed

D.in that we stayed 30.Is it in that factory _______ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A.in which

B.Where

C.Which

D.that 31.It is the Suez Canal _______ separates Asia ______ Africa.A.which, to

B.where, from

C.that, from

D.that, with 32.Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, _______ was a small canoe, with a boy in it.A.There

B.Where

C.it

D.which 33.He is not ______ a fool _______.A.such, as he is looked

B.such, as he looks C.as, as he is looked

D.so, as he looks 34.Is that the reason _______ you are in favour of the proposal? A.Which

B.what

C.Why

D.for that 35.He must be from Africa, _______ can be seen from his skin.A.that

B.as

C.Who

D.what 36.He has two sons, _______ work as chemists.A.two of whom

B.both of whom

C.both of which

D.all of whom 37.I, _______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A.who is

B.who am

C.that is

D.what is 38.He is a man of great experience, _______ much can be learned.A.who

B.that

C.from which

D.from whom 39.----Do you know the town at all?---No, this is the first time I ________ here.A.was

B.have been

C.Came

D.am coming 40.I don’t like _______ you speak to her.A.the way

B.the way in that C.the way which

D.the way of which 41.The two things _______ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.A.about which

B.of which

C.in which

D.for which 42.The dinner was the most expensive meal we ______.A.would have

B.have had

C.had never had

D.had ever had 43.Do you know which hotel _______? A.she is staying

B.she is staying in C.is she staying

D.is she staying in 44.There is only one thing _______ I can do.A.what

B.that

C.all

D.which 45.Who can think of a situation ________ this idiom can be used? A.Which

B.that

C.Where

D.in that 46.I have many books, some of _______ are on chemistry.A.them

B.that

C.Which

D.those 47.They were interested _______ you told them.A.in which

B.in that

C.all that

D.in everything 48.The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, ________ much help for knowing space.A.which we think it is

B.which we think are of C.of which we think is

D.I think which is of 49.The great day we looked forward to _______ at last.A.come

B.came

C.coming

D.comes 50.I like the second football match _______ was held last week.A.which

B.who

C.that

D./ 初中英語定語從句練習(xí)題

（二）1.A football fan(球迷)is _____ has a strong interest in football.A.a thing that

B.something that

C.a person who

D.what 2.The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.A.the roof of which

B.which roof

C.its roof

D.the roof 3.Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day? A.that you talked

B.you talked about it C.which you talked with

D.you talked about 4.The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled.A.That

B.What

C.why

D.for which 5.They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.A.which

B.that

C.who

D.whom 6.Who _____ has common sense（常識）will do such a thing? A.which

B.who

C.whom

D.that 7.All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A.that

B.those

C.Which

D.what 8.They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.A.what

B.that

C.which

D.where 9.I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night.A.all which

B.all what

C.that all

D.all 10.A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.A.who

B.who’s

C.whose

D.which 11.Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day? A.that

B.Where

C.in which

D.the one 12.Is this museum _____ some German friends visited last Wednesday? A.that

B.Where

C.in which

D.the one 13.-How do you like the book?-It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.A.that

B.which

C.the one

D.the one what 14.Which sentence is wrong? A.The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.B.Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform? C.Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.D.People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.15.The train _____ she was traveling was late.A.Which

B.where

C.on which

D.in that 16.He has lost the key to the drawer _____ the papers are kept.A.Where

B.on which

C.under which

D.which 17.Antarctic _____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A.which

B.where

C.that

D.about which 18.It’s the third time _____ late this month.A.that you arrived

B.when you arrived C.that you’ve arrived

D.when you’ve arrived

19.He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.A.Whom

B.Who

C.when

D.because 20.The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A.When

B.during that

C.in which

D.which 21.He was born in the year _____ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.A.Which

B.When

C.on which

D.during which 22.Mr.Crossett will never forget the day _____ he spent with his various students.A.when

B.which

C.during which

D.on which 23.This is just the place _____ I am longing to visit these years.A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.to where

24.We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _____ live my grandparents and some relatives.A.Which

B.that

C.Who

D.where 25.The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A.we stayed at

B.where we stayed at

C.we stayed

D.in that we stayed 26.I have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing.A.as

B.that

C.which

D.than 27.He is not _____ a fool _____.A.such/as he is looked

B.such/as he looks C.as/as he is looked

D.so/as he looks 28.Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal? A.which

B.what

C.Why

D.for that 29.Some of the roads were flooded, _____ made our journey more difficult.A.which

B.it

C.what

D.that 30.He must be from Africa, _____ can be seen from his skin.A.That

B.as

C.who

D.what 31.He has two sons, _____ work as chemists.A.two of whom

B.both of whom

C.both of which

D.all of whom 32.The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A.most of that

B.which most

C.most of which

D.that most 33.My glasses, _____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A.which

B.with which

C.without which

D.that 34.Mr.Wu, _____ everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry.A.whom

B.That

C.which

D./ 35.This is Mr.Smith, _____ I think has something interesting to tell us.A.Who

B.Whom

C.that

D./ 36._____, the compass was first made in China.A.It is know to all

B.It is known that

C.We all know

D.As is known to all 37.I, _____ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A.who is

B.who am

C.that is

D.what is 38.He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned.A.who

B.that

C.from which

D.from whom 39.It was such a serious mistake, _____ caused by carelessness.A.which I think was

B.which I think it was C.I think which was

D.I think which it was 40.He lived in London for 3 months, during _____ he picked up some English.A.This

B.Which

C.that

D.when 41.The general at last got a chance to visit the village _____ he used to fight, _____ he had been dreaming of for years.A.that/which

B.where/that

C.in which/what

D.where/which 42.I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.A.Who B.That

C.which

D.whom 43.He has to work on Sundays, _____ he does not like.A.and which

B.which

C.and when

D.when 44.I gave him a warning, _____ he turned a deaf ear.A.of which

B.for which

C.to that

D.to which 45.My father has made me _____ I am.A.who

B.which

C.what

D.that 46.She is one of the few girls who _____ passed the examination.A.Was

B.were

C.has

D.have 47.He is my son, _____ a better son does not exist.A.but

B.than who

C.against whom

D.than whom 48.As many members _____ were present agreed to the plan.A.Who

B.that

C.which

D.as 49.You may call on me from one to five o’clock, during _____ I am always at home.A.the time

B.what time

C.that time

D.which time 50.China is the birthplace of kites, _____ kiteflying（放風(fēng)箏）spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.A.from there

B.Where

C.from where

D.there Keys [參考答案]

一、1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA

11—15 AADAD

16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC

26—30 AADAD 31—35 CABCB

36—40 BBDBA

41—45 BDBBC

46—50 CDBBC

二、1-5 CADAB

6-10 DABDC

11-15 ADCAC

16-20 ADCBC 21-25 BBADA

26-30 ABCAB

31-35 BCCAA

36-40 DBDAB 41-45 DABDC

46-50 DCDDC

一、定語從句的概念

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語從句的重要成分。

三、定語從句的分類

根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時(shí)不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。（that作主語）

The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語）

The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語）

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國人。（作主語）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？ 正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語）

注意：（1）當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

（2）含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。

（3）that 作介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。

（4）關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：

a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？

c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰？

f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

（5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：

a.先行詞為that，those時(shí)，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？

b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。

五、關(guān)系副詞的用法

（1）when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語。例如： This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。

（2）where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如：

This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。

（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.自我測試 / Test Yourself

1.-Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？

-Yes，he’s our headmaster.A.he B.who C.which D.whom

2.Is this the river _____I can swim？

A.which B.in which C.that D.the one

3.This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.A.where B.which C.that D.it

4.Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？

A.that you bought B.you bought it

C.that you bought it D.which you bought it

5.Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.A.which agrees B.who agree

C.who agrees D.which agree

6.My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.A.that B.it C.which who

7.The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate

A.who’s B.whose C.that of which.8.The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.A.which； is B.whom； was C.who； is D.who； was

9.I love places ______the people are really friendly.A.that B.which C.where D.who

10.The world ______ is made up of matter.A.in that we live B.on which we live

C.where we live in D.we live in

Ⅱ.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that，which，who，whom填空。

1.The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.2.April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.3.The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4.The house _____we live in is very old.5.Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？

參考答案：

I.1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD Ⅱ.1.that 2.which / that 3.who / that 4.that / which 5.who/ whom/

第五篇：2017初中英語定語從句詳解

2017年最新

一、考查以that與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1．通常只能用that的情況

1）當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞a11，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing，everything等時(shí)。2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級以及被a11，any，every，each，few，little，no，some，the only．the very．the last等修飾時(shí)。

3）如果先行詞既指人又指物，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that。

【考例】Without friendship, one can't be happy although he is rich enough.As for me, I will never forget the days __ I spent with my dearest friend.[哈爾濱市] A.that

B.when

C.who [答案]A。[解析]在定語從句中，引導(dǎo)詞who(指人)which(指物)that(指人或物)。由先行詞the days作spent的賓語可判定用that引導(dǎo)。2．通常只用which的情況

(1)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，用關(guān)系代詞which指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。(2)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，而且先行詞指物時(shí)只能用which，不用that。(3)如果句中有兩個(gè)定語從句，如果兩個(gè)從句都可以用that引導(dǎo)，那么其中一個(gè)應(yīng)改用which引導(dǎo)。

【考例】Many young people love the songs _________have great lyrics.[成都市] A.who

B.those

C.which [答案]C。[解析]考查定語從句。定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有which，who，where，that，故排除B，who指人，又排除了A，先行詞是物，故選C。

二、考查以who，whom與whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句(1)如果先行詞是指人的不定代詞anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，nobody，one，ones，those，all(指人)等作先行詞，作主語用who，作賓語用whom。who而不用which。

(2)在非限制性定語從句中，指人作主語用who，作賓語用whom，who。(3)在定語從句中，作定語的關(guān)系代詞只能用whose，它相當(dāng)于the+名詞+of +which／whom；非限制性定語從句中還有“代詞／數(shù)詞+of +which／whom“結(jié)構(gòu)。

【考例The man _________ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist.[廣東省] A.who

B.whose

C.which

D.whom [答案]A。[解析]本題考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。先行詞為the man，指人，排除which；連接代詞在從句中作主語，排除 whose和whom。故本題選who。--Do you know the man __is running along the street?--Yes.He is our English teacher.[長沙市] A.who

B.which

C.whom [答案]A。[解析]考查定語從句。限制性定語從句，如果修飾人，一般用關(guān)系who，有時(shí)用 that(作主語時(shí)用who較多)。

三、考查關(guān)系副詞where、when與why引導(dǎo)的定語從句 它們相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”，其中where=in／at +which；when=at／in／during +which；why=for +which。

(1)關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，只能在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。（2）關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，只能在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示時(shí)間的名詞。

(3)關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，只能在定語從句中作原因狀語，其修飾的名詞必 須是表示原因的名詞。【考例】(2009·綿陽中考)Disney is an amusement park you can find a11 the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters．

A．which B．where C．that

D ．when 答案：B點(diǎn)撥：此題考查定語從句。先行詞為an amusement park指地點(diǎn)，故關(guān)系詞用where。

五、對“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的考查

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語動詞構(gòu)成固定短語時(shí)，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現(xiàn)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。先行詞指物，用“介詞+which”，指人則用“介詞+whom"，且兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞均不能省略。介詞的選擇要遵循兩個(gè)原則：根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定；根據(jù)先行詞的特殊用法而定。

【考例】Do you know the young lady ____your mother is talking?(湖北黃石)A.who

B.whom

C.with whom

D.which [答案]：C [命題立意]：本題考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。[試題解析]：先行詞為the young lady，被關(guān)系代詞whom代替在從句中作talk with 的賓語，介詞with 可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，故應(yīng)選C?！菊Z法回顧】

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞（that, which, who, whom, whose）或關(guān)系副詞(when, where)，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞與定語從句之間，起聯(lián)系的作用，同時(shí)又作定語從句的一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞、副詞

作用

先行詞

例句

that，who，whom(只做賓語)

主語、賓 語、表語

人

Do you know the girl who／that is standing under a tree?你知道站在樹下的女孩是誰嗎? that，which

主語、賓 語、表語

物、時(shí) 間、地 點(diǎn)、原 因

She got a computer which／that her parents bought for her． 她有一臺她的父母買給她的電腦。

whose 定語

人物

The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard．他的爸爸是醫(yī)生的男孩學(xué)習(xí)非?？炭?。The classroom whose window is open is mine．窗戶開著的那個(gè)教室是我的教室。

when 狀語

時(shí)間

I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing．我仍然記得你去北京的那一天。

where

狀語

地點(diǎn)

This is the school where my mother works．這就是我媽媽 工作的學(xué)校。

why 狀語

原因

Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎?

二、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的用法(關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可省略)： 1．that指人或物，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。

This is the pen that you are looking for.這是你要找的那支鋼筆。(賓語)The girl that has long hair is my sister.留著長發(fā)的那個(gè)女孩是我妹妹。（主語）2．which指物，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。

The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well.天津產(chǎn)的自行車銷售很好。（主語）The fish which we bought were not fresh.我們買的魚不新鮮。(賓語)3．who, whom指人，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。

The boy who broke the window is called Tom.打碎窗戶的男孩叫Tom.（主語）

The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他談話的那個(gè)人是我父親。(賓語)4．whose指人或物，在定語從句中作定語。

The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新書包的那個(gè)女孩叫Ann。(指人)He lives in a house whose widows open to the south.他住在窗戶朝南的那所房子。(指物)

三、只用which不用that的情況：

1．在介詞后只用which，不能用that。

This is the bank in which the robbery happened.這是那所發(fā)生搶劫案的銀行。2．先行詞本身是that時(shí)，只能用which，不能用that。The clock is that which tells the time.鐘表是用來報(bào)時(shí)的。

四、只用that不用which的情況：

1．先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)只能用that。

This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen.這是我所見過的最美麗的山。2．先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)只能用that。

The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我讀的第一本英文小說是《39級臺階》。3.先行詞前有all, any, no, little, much, many, the only, the very, the last等修飾詞時(shí)只能用that。Here are all the books that I have.這就是我所有的書。This is the only book that I like.這是我唯一喜歡的一本書。

4．先行詞是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that。

Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的東西。5．先行詞同時(shí)含有“人”和“物”的名詞時(shí)，只能用that。

I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能記得我在房間里看到的人和一些圖畫。

6．先行詞是the one時(shí)，只能用that。

This is the one that you want.這就是你想要的。

7．在以who引導(dǎo)的疑問句后，為了避免重復(fù)，只能用that。Who is the girl that is standing there? 站在那邊的那個(gè)女孩是誰？

五、在介詞后只能用whom，不能用who。

The girl to whom I talked just now is from America.我剛剛與之談話的那個(gè)女孩是來自美國的。

六、定語從句中主謂一致的問題： 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動詞要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致(我們要知道，關(guān)系代詞所代指的就是先行詞，這里有一個(gè)等量關(guān)系)。

Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.Tom是眾多來自美國的男孩中的一個(gè)。Tom is the only boy that is from the USA.Tom是惟一從美國來的男孩。

七、定語從句中的介詞與副詞的問題： 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，如果定語從句中的謂語動詞是不及物動詞時(shí)，要加介詞或副詞。(定語從句中的不及物動詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成固定的及物動詞短語后，不能把介詞或副詞提前到關(guān)系代詞前。)He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year.他是我們?nèi)ツ暾疹櫟哪莻€(gè)老人。That is the book which I am looking for.那就是我要找的書。

八、關(guān)系副詞when與where的使用： 1．when指時(shí)間：

I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我們在農(nóng)場勞動的那段時(shí)光。

2．where指地點(diǎn)(where=in等介詞＋which)：

This is the house where(=in which)he lived last year.這是他去年住的房子。

九、定語從句與作定語的①動詞不定式、②介詞短語、③現(xiàn)在分詞短語、④過去分詞短語的轉(zhuǎn)換：

She has much work that she must do.=She has much work to do.她有許多要做的工作。

The man in the car is Mr.Green.=The man who is in the car is Mr.Green.在車上的人是格林先生。The girl watering flowers there is my sister.=The girl who is watering flowers there is my sister.在澆花的女孩是我妹妹。

The boy saved in the river has come back to life.= The boy who was saved in the river has come back to life.從河里救起的男孩蘇醒過來了。【語法過關(guān)】

1.--Do you like the pop singer?

--No, I prefer the singer __________can sing folk music.A.which

B.who

C.where

D.how 2.The man _________is wearing a blue jacket is Jim's uncle.A.who

B.whom

C.which

D./ 3．Do you know the young lady ____your mother is talking?

A.who

B.whom

C.with whom

D.which 4．---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?---Yes, he does.A.which

B.whose

C.where

D.who 5．The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.A.who

B.where

C.what

D.that 6．---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?---He has gone back to Qinghua University.A.whom

B.who

C.whose

D.which 7．I hate people _______ talk much but do little.A.whose

B.whom

C.which

D.who 8．I'm looking at the photograph ___ you sent me with your letter.A.who

B.whom C.which D.it

9．I hate people

don’t help others when they are in trouble.A．who B．which

C．they 10．--Barbara, where do you work?--I work for a company _________sells cars.A.which

B.where

C.what

11．Do you know the young lady ____your mother is talking? A.who

B.whom

C.with whom

D.who D.which D.that 12．The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.A.who

B.where

C.what

【參考答案】

1．B[解析]考查學(xué)生對定語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的掌握。定語從句中先行詞是人時(shí)用who引導(dǎo)。2．A．[解析]考查學(xué)生對定語從句。先行詞是人且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故用who引導(dǎo)。3．C．[解析]本題考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。先行詞為the young lady，被關(guān)系代詞whom代替在從句中作talk with 的賓語，介詞with 可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，故應(yīng)選C。

4．D．[解析]本題考查引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。

5．D．[解析]本題考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語，所以只有that合適。

6． B．[解析]本題考查引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。

7．D．[解析]本題考查引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。

8． C．[解析]本題考查定語從句的用法。句中的先行詞是the photograph，同時(shí)在定語從句中作賓語，故關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which。其答案為：C。

9． A．[解析]本題考查定語從句的用法。句中的先行詞是people，同時(shí)在定語從句中作主語，故關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who。其答案為：A。

10．A．[解析]作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，which可修飾物，who指代人，that指人或物。定語從句修飾company，選用which。

11。答案C 解析：先行詞為the young lady，被關(guān)系代詞whom代替在從句中作talk with 的賓語，介詞with 可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，故應(yīng)選C。12．答案D 解析：因?yàn)橄刃性~是物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語，所以只有that合適。