第一篇：英語形容詞教師用

一，形容詞 副詞

大多數(shù)的形容詞、副詞都有三個(gè)等級(jí)：

原級(jí)：比較級(jí)： 比較...，更...一些

最高級(jí)： 最...（A）1.構(gòu)成：(規(guī)則情況)情況 變 化 方 法 例 詞

單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞: 一般情況 加er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest 以字母e結(jié)尾 加r, st nice-nicer-nicest

重讀閉音節(jié)、末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí) 雙寫加er, est big-bigger-biggest 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾

變y為i加er, est early-earlier-earliest

部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞 在詞前加more, most slowly-more slowly-most slowly

2.不規(guī)則變化，須熟記： good/well-better-best

many/much-more-most

far-farther-farthest bad/badly/ill-worse-worst

little-less-least

(B)常見的使用情況

1.as ? as ? 和...一樣（中間用原級(jí)）

2.not as(so)? as 和...不一樣（中間用原級(jí)）

3? than ?...比...（用比較級(jí)）

4.有范圍修飾的用最高級(jí)

如:in, of, among或用從句修飾的

eg.⑴Winter is the coldest season of the year.⑵This is the best film that I have ever seen.5.比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí) 意為“越來越?.eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful

6.The+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí) 越?...就越?...eg:The more, the better.越多越好

(C)注意點(diǎn)：1.形容詞最高級(jí)前一定要用the,副詞最高級(jí)前可省略。

2.可用much, a little, even, still等修飾比較級(jí)。

3.在比較級(jí)中為了避免重復(fù)，在than后常用one,that,those等詞來替代前面提到過的名詞。

eg:The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.(D)掌握三種同義句轉(zhuǎn)換：

1.He is taller than any other student in his class.=He is the tallest(student)in his class.2.This film is less interesting than that one.=This film isn't as interesting as that one.=That film is more interesting than this one.3.I prefer maths to English.=I like maths better than English.Which do you like _____, fish, meat _____ eggs? A.best, or B.better,or C.best, and D.better,and

此外，關(guān)于形容詞、副詞的內(nèi)容同學(xué)們還須掌握：

1.形容詞修飾名詞作定語，跟在連系動(dòng)詞之后作表語。

2.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其它副詞

enough屬例外詞：形/副+enough to do enough+名詞

例如;She is old enough to go to school.她夠上學(xué)的年齡了。

3.區(qū)別幾組易混淆的副詞: 也 too用于肯定、疑問句

also 較為正式書面語

either 用于否定句

已經(jīng) already 常用于肯定句、疑問句 yet 常用于否定句、疑問句

不再 no(not any)longer 從時(shí)間上講

no(not any)more 從動(dòng)作上講

如此這樣 such 修飾名詞 eg: such a big box

so 修飾形容詞、副詞 eg: so big

單獨(dú)、獨(dú)自 alone 作表語 =by oneself 孤獨(dú)的 lonely 可作表語、定語

eg:A group of girls are singing and dancing ______ over there.(happy)

二,知識(shí)拓展：合成形容詞

英語中有許多種形式的合成形容詞，僅在初中階段需要學(xué)習(xí)使用的就達(dá)九種?，F(xiàn)分述如下：

1．?dāng)?shù)詞＋單數(shù)名詞。

如：20－minute 20分鐘的 It＇s 20－minute walk．步行20分鐘的路程。

second－class 二等的 That＇s the second－class room．

那是個(gè)二等房間。500－word 五百字的

This is a 500－word composition．

這是一篇五百字的文章。2．?dāng)?shù)詞＋單數(shù)名詞＋形容詞。

如：8－year－old 八歲的 Mr Green has an 8－year－old child．

格林先生有個(gè)八歲的孩子。

3．?dāng)?shù)詞＋名詞的ed形式。如：three－legged 三條腿的 Tom bought a three－legged table yesterday．

昨天湯姆買了一張三條腿的桌子。4．形容詞＋名詞。如：

round－trip來回的；往返的 Do you need a round－trip ticket﹖

你想要一張往返的車票嗎？

part－time 非全部工作時(shí)間的；兼職的He found a part－time job．

他找到了一份額外的工作。

5．形容詞＋名詞的ed形式。

如：kind－h(huán)earted 好心的Father Christmas is very kind－h(huán)earted．

圣誕老人的心腸非常好。

6．名詞＋過去分詞。如：man－made人造的

China has sent up many man－made satellites． 中國已發(fā)射了許多人造衛(wèi)星。7．名詞＋名詞的ed形式。如：glass－topped帶有玻璃罩的

I want to own a glass－topped table．

我想要一張帶有玻璃罩的桌子。8．副詞＋過去分詞。如：so－called所謂的

I don＇t like those so－called singers．

我不喜歡那些所謂的歌星。9．副詞＋副詞。

如：so－so馬馬虎虎；不好不壞的My English is just so－so．

我的英語很一般。． Eg:To an American,a Chinese is a ______.(foreign)

前綴 例詞 派生詞

un-“不” happy unhappy like unlike usual unusual

friendly unfriendly

im-“不” possible impossible

后綴 例詞 派生詞

-er“人” teach/play/clean teacher/player/cleaner

drive driver（以e結(jié)尾，-r）

run runner（重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫-er)

win winner travel traveller-or“人” invent inventor

visit visitor

-ly（副詞后綴）

bad badly

quick quickly careful carefully happy happily

deep deeply

lucky luckily

usual usually

noisy noisily

slow slowly

angry angrily strong strongly quiet quietly

特例：

trueterribly possible-possibly

-ful（形容詞后綴）

care careful

help helpful

use useful

forget forgetful

-y（形容詞后綴）

rain rainy

luck lucky

cloud cloudy

noise noisy（以e結(jié)尾，去e，加-y）

snow snowy

sun sunny（雙寫，加-y）

wind windy

-ion（名詞后綴）

invent invention operate operation

-ness（名詞后綴）

busy business good goodness

一些特例：

動(dòng)詞 形容詞

動(dòng)詞 現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞

sleep asleep

boat boating

die dead

build building

enjoy enjoyable begin beginning

cross crossing

名詞 形容詞

meet meeting friend friendly turn turning

south southern shop shopping wool woolen

danger dangerous 動(dòng)詞 過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)為形容詞

difference different fry

fried

worry worried

動(dòng)詞 名詞

break broken

know knowledge lose lost

fly flight

please pleased

please pleasure colour coloured

名詞 名詞

動(dòng)詞 現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)為形容詞

farm farmer 農(nóng)夫

follow following

interest interested“感興趣的” 只作表語，僅用于be interested in develop interesting “有趣的” 可作表語和定語

developed “發(fā)達(dá)的”

developing “發(fā)展中的”

二，形容詞()1.Let’s go and have a drink.We’ve got ________ time before the train leaves.A.little B.few C.a little D.a few()2.The ______ you eat, the better your health will be.A.little B.few C.less D.fewer()3.They have just cleaned the windows, so the room looks _______.A.more brighter B.more bright C.less bright D.much brighter()4.Which is the _______, the train station, the bus station or the airport? A.far B.farthest C.father D.more far()5.Now the air in our home town is ________ than it was before.Something must be done.A.much better B.more worse C.more better D.much worse()6.I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed _______ than usual.A.early B.earlier C.late D.later()7.Either of them can take this job, but what I’m interested in is who is _______.A.the most careful B.more careful C.careful D.even careful()8.In our city, it’s _______ in July, but it is even _______ in August.A.hotter;hottest B.hot;hot C.hotter;hot D.hot;hotter()9.I think Yao Ming, the famous basketball player, will be ______ new star in NBA.A.hot B.hotter C.hottest D.the hottest()10.Of the two Australian students, Masha is _______ one.I think you can find her easily.A.tallest B.the taller C.taller D.the tallest()11.It’s good for your health to do _______ sports.A.much B.least C.more D.most()12.–Our holiday was _______.–Yes.I’ve never had _______.A.such;a better one B.greatly;a good one C.so great;a better one D.very good;the best one()13.–Mum, could you buy me a dress like this?--Certainly, we can buy _______ one than this, but ________ this.A.a better;better than B.a worse;as good as C.a cheaper;as good as D.a more important;not as good as()14.–Why don’t you ask Tom to do it?--I don’t know whether he is ______ to.He sometimes makes things worse.A.possible B.able C.afraid D.easy()15.Lots of visitors come to Nanjing because she is ______ city.A.so a beautiful B.very a beautiful C.such beautiful a D.quite a beautiful()16.If you like the chicken, you may have as _______ as you can.A.much B.many C.more D.little()17.The Changjiang River is one of _______ rivers in the world.A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest()18.______ children there are in a family, _______ their life will be.A.The less;the better B.The fewer;the better C.Fewer;richer D.More;poorer()19.The boy is _______ young to carry the box.Let’s go and help him.A.too B.so C.very D.quite()20.The coat I bought last week is too big for me.I’d like to change it for a _____ one.A.small B.large C.nicer D.smaller()21.30,000 dollars is a large amount of money, but it’s ______ than we need.A.far more B.very much C.far less D.very little()22.China has _______ population in the world.A.bigger B.larger C.the biggest D.the largest()23.Lucy’s handwriting is good, but Rose’s handwriting is much ______.A.good B.best C.better D.the best()24.The day is bright and ______.Let’s go for a walk.A.sunny B.dark C.cloudy D.windy()25.As a result, _______ people like to travel by air than before.A.much more B.many more C.more much D.more many()26.Why not make a kite yourself? You don’t need _______ for it.A.anything special B.something special C.special anything D.special something()27.This computer is as good as a new one but _______ expensive.A.much less B.more less C.more much D.much more()28.The young scientist decided to work _______ in the _______ forest.A.lonely;alone B.alone;lonely C.alone;alone D.lonely;lonely()29._______ you eat butter, cream and chocolate, _______ you will become.A.The more;the thinner B.The less;the fatter C.More;fatter D.The more;the fatter()30.The old man next door was found _______ in the living room.Maybe he died from a heart attack.A.dead B.die C.dying D.death()31.I paid a visit to Mrs Smith yesterday evening.She didn’t look _______, but she said she was getting on all right.A.as worried as ever B.as happy as usual C.happier than D.as happily as usual()32.The ______ boy had been sent to hospital before his mother got back home.A.ill B.dangerous C.sick D.sleeping()33.She is ______ she can not reach the top of the blackboard.A.such a tall person that B.much shorter than C.as short that D.so short that()34.Try to make as _______ mistakes as possible.A.less B.little C.few D.a few

三．副詞

()1.They young man is _______ carry that heavy bag.A.strong enough to B.enough strong to C.not strong enough D.strong enough()2.Yang won the women’s 500 meters in the sports meeting.She did _______ of all.A.best B.better C.well D.good()3.–It’s so cold today.–Yes, it’s _______ colder than it was yesterday.A.some B.more C.very D.much()4.--_____ did it _____ the conductor to check the tickets this morning.--Half an hour.A.How soon;take B.How long;cost C.Hoe often;spent D.How long;take()5.–Excuse me, _______ is the nearest bookshop?--Go down the street and turn left at the second corner.A.how B.what C.where D.who()6.--_______ is it from our school to Lupu Bridge?--About half an hour’s bus ride.Shall we go and visit it? A.How long B.How often C.How far D.How much()7.Tom does his homework _______ Lucy.A.as carefully as B.so careful as C.as careful as D.so carefully as()8.Pass my glasses to me, Jack.I can _______ read the words in the newspapers.A.hardly B.really C.rather D.clearly()9.–Please write to me when you have time.--Sure.But _______ is your e-mail address? A.when B.where C.what D.which()10.–How far is it from your home to your school?--It’s a quarter’s walk, _______.A.here and there B.now and then C.up and down D.more or less()11.–It’s a nice car._______ have you been in it?--Just to Shanghai.A.How much B.How long C.How soon D.How far()12.--_______ were you away from school last year?--About two weeks.A.How often B.How soon C.How long D.When()13.–George looks strong.Has he ever been sick?--He’s a superman!He _______ goes to the doctor.A.already B.even C.often D.seldom()14.–Does Liu Hua ever guess the meanings of English words?--He _____ guesses the meanings of new words.He uses his dictionary all the time.A.usually B.always C.never D.sometimes()15.You must drive _______ next time, or there may be another accident.A.more carefully B.carefully C.careful D.more careful()16.--_______ do you go to the library?--Four times a month.A.How often B.How soon C.How long D.How much()17.I can’t say _______ I want to see you again.It’s a year since I last saw you.A.how long B.how often C.how much D.how soon()18.Don’t worry, sir.I’m sure I can run _______ to catch up with them.A.slowly enough B.enough slowly C.fast enough D.enough fast()19.This question is _______ more difficult than that one.A.rather B.quite C.very D.a little()20.It’s twelve o’clock at night, but he is _______ working.A.already B.ever C.still D.yet()21.A noise was coming from _______, and after a while a man in black came downstairs and disappeared in the street.A.the bedroom over B.the bedroom below C.the above bedroom D.the bedroom above()22.–What a nice motorbike!________ have you been on it?--Just to Beijing.A.How long B.How soon C.How far D.How often()23.All the black people refused to take the city buses.________.A.Neither did some whites B.So some whites did C.Neither some whites did D.So did some whites()24.–What about having a picnic here, John?--Good idea!I’m feeling ____ hungry, too.A.much B.a bit C.not a bit D.a bit of()25.It’s a pity that I didn’t think of ringing you _______.A.soon B.sooner C.early D.earlier()26.–It’s very dark.Let’s go _______.–All right.Let’s return.A.not far B.no far C.no farther D.not farther()27.I got to the station _______ than Jim.A.early 20 minutes B.earlier 20 minutes C.20 minutes early D.20 minutes earlier()28.John came to work ______of them all yesterday because his bike had broken down.A.late B.later C.latest D.latter()29.Asia is _______ the largest continent in the world.A.by far B.far away C.in the distance D.a little()30.Mike is still _______ with his work as he was when I saw him last.A.more careful B.the most careful C.as careful D.as carefully()31.There was _______ to weight the elephant.A.nothing enough big B.big nothing enough C.nothing big enough D.big enough nothing()32.Kate said that she didn’t feel very _______ today.A.well B.good C.nice D.better()33.--_______ will Jim be back?--In five minutes.A.How long B.How often C.How soon D.How about()34.The old gentleman has ________ been to the Great Wall before, has he? A.always B.already C.ever D.not()35.Now China has joined WTO, so I think English is _______ useful than before.A.more B.most C.much D.many()36.Jane’s brother didn’t work so _______ as the others did in his class.A.harder B.hard C.hardest D.hardly()37.I was ill yesterday.But now I feel much _____.I think I can go to school tomorrow.A.worse B.bad C.better D.well()38.My parents are _______ busy that they have no time to do housework.A.so B.very C.too D.quite()39.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home.A.much too heavy B.too much heavy C.heavy too much D.too heavy much

第二篇：英語形容詞

英語形容詞大全匯編

positive adjectives good 好的clever，聰明的beautiful 美麗的lovely 可愛的delicious 美味的nice 美好的honest 誠實(shí)的trustful 信任的brave 勇敢的generous 慷慨的enthusiastic 熱心的 radient光芒四射的，喜悅的 rapture全神貫注的，歡天喜地的reasonable合情合理的responsible負(fù)責(zé)的romantic浪漫的 hearty，衷心的親切的helpful有益的honesty誠實(shí)的honey甜蜜的 humor幽默的bright 輝煌的useful 有用的Brilliant 英明的United 和睦的beautiful 美麗的smart 靈巧的obedient，服從的objective，客觀的 obliging，樂于助人的，禮貌的diligent 勤奮的

negative adjectives bad cunning 狡詐的dishonest 不誠實(shí)的 money-minded 愛錢如命的evil 惡毒的narrow-minded blinkered 目光狹窄的faceless 無個(gè)性的jump-up 妄自尊大的greedy 貪心的corrupt貪污的violent 血腥的hateful可惡的unholiness 邪惡的careless粗心大意的calculating工于心計(jì)的coward膽小鬼，懦夫cozy互相勾結(jié)的cold-blooded無情的cold-hearted鐵石心腸的crappy差勁的，不好的crazy瘋癲的，愚蠢的cruel殘忍的crummy劣質(zhì)的crusty暴躁的 critical吹毛求疵的，愛挑剔的cynical憤世嫉俗的，冷嘲熱諷的crude粗魯，粗俗的 cuckoo瘋瘋癲癲的，傻的brutal冷酷的able有才干的，能干的active主動(dòng)的，活躍的adaptable適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的adroit靈巧的，機(jī)敏的aggressive有進(jìn)取心的alert機(jī)靈的

ambitious有雄心壯志的amiable和藹可親的amicable友好的

analytical善于分析的apprehensive有理解力的aspiring有志氣的，有抱負(fù)的audacious大膽的，有冒險(xiǎn)精神的capable有能力的，有才能的careful辦事仔細(xì)的candid正直的charitable寬厚的competent能勝任的confident有信心的

conscientious認(rèn)真的，自覺的considerate體貼的constructive建設(shè)性的contemplative好沉思的cooperative有合作精神的creative富創(chuàng)造力的

dashing有一股子沖勁的，有拼搏精神的dedicated有奉獻(xiàn)精神的devoted有獻(xiàn)身精神的dependable可靠的

diplomatic老練的，有策略的disciplined守紀(jì)律的

discreet(在行動(dòng)，說話等方面)謹(jǐn)慎的來源：個(gè)人求職簡歷

dutiful盡職的dynamic精悍的earnest認(rèn)真的

well-educated受過良好教育的efficient有效率的energetic精力充沛的enthusiastic充滿熱情的expressive善于表達(dá)

faithful守信的，忠誠的forceful(性格)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的frank直率的，真誠的friendly友好的

frugal儉樸的

generous寬宏大量的genteel有教養(yǎng)的gentle有禮貌的hard-working勤勞的hearty精神飽滿的honest誠實(shí)的hospitable殷勤的humble恭順的humorous幽默的impartial公正的

independent有主見的industrious勤奮的ingenious有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的initiative首創(chuàng)精神

have an inquiring mind愛動(dòng)腦筋

intellective有智力的intelligent理解力強(qiáng)的

inventive有發(fā)明才能的，有創(chuàng)造力的just正直的

kind-hearted好心的knowledgeable有見識(shí)的learned精通某門學(xué)問的liberal心胸寬大的logical條理分明的loyal忠心耿耿的methodical有方法的modest謙虛的

motivated目的明確的objective客觀的open-minded虛心的orderly守紀(jì)律的original有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的

painstaking辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的practical實(shí)際的precise一絲不茍的persevering不屈不撓的punctual嚴(yán)守時(shí)刻的purposeful意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的qualified合格的rational有理性的realistic實(shí)事求是的reasonable講道理的reliable可信賴的

responsible負(fù)責(zé)的self-conscious自覺的selfless無私的

sensible明白事理的sincere真誠的smart精明的

spirited生氣勃勃的sporting光明正大的steady塌實(shí)的

straightforward老實(shí)的strict嚴(yán)格的

systematic有系統(tǒng)的

strong-willed意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的sweet-tempered性情溫和的temperate穩(wěn)健的tireless孜孜不倦的

good weather：sunny /fine

nice/lovely/glorious：天氣非常好，陽光充足

bright：陽光明媚；光芒四射

there isn't a cloud in the sky：天空晴朗

dry：天氣干燥的，不下雨的fair：晴朗的（無風(fēng)無雨），常用于天氣預(yù)報(bào)

rain: wet/rainy/damp 多雨的

unsettled：天氣多變的（常下雨）drizzle：細(xì)雨，毛毛雨

shower：陣雨

downpour：傾盆大雨，暴雨

it's pouring down（British English）/it's pouring rain（American English）下著瓢潑大雨

it's drizzling：下著毛毛細(xì)雨

snow: snowy 多雪的sleet：雨夾雪

slush：雪泥；部分融化了的雪和冰混合物

hail/hailstones：冰雹

blizzard：暴風(fēng)雪

frost：霜

wind: windy 刮風(fēng)的，多風(fēng)的blustery ：風(fēng)特別大的

breeze：微風(fēng)，和風(fēng)（breeze and drizzle和風(fēng)細(xì)雨）

hurricane(in the Atlantic Ocean)/typhoon(in the Pacific Ocean)：颶風(fēng)（大西洋）/臺(tái)風(fēng)（太平洋）

cloudy: 多云的

grey/dull：灰蒙蒙的；陰沉的

overcast：多云的，陰沉的（要下雨）

hazy：煙霧彌漫的，霧蒙蒙的

hot: boiling /scorching /sizzling/blazing/burning/baking/broiling(hot)都表示“非常熱” sweltering 悶熱的，濕熱的

warm 暖和的

balmy 溫和的，和煦的heatwave 熱浪；酷暑期

cold: freezing(cold)特別寒冷

arctic 極為寒冷的（常常冰天雪地）

wintry 嚴(yán)寒的，像冬天的crisp 清新的，干冷的

chilly 比較冷（讓人感覺不舒服）

cool 涼快的；涼爽的

cold snap/cold spell 寒流/春寒

形容詞講解1)用作定語,修飾名詞。一般放在所修飾的名詞之前。當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞前有多個(gè)形容詞修飾時(shí),其排列順序較復(fù)雜,可參照下列順序排列:限定詞(冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞)+數(shù)詞(序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞)+描繪形容詞(如:beautiful,interesting,kind,good等)+特征形容詞(大小、長短、高低+形狀+年齡、新舊)+顏色形容詞+國籍、出處+物質(zhì)、材料+用途、類別+名詞。例如:a beautiful little red flower,some sour green eating apples,those three beautiful large square old brown wood tables,the first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge。

2)形容詞修飾由some,any,every,no等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞時(shí),須后置。例如:I have something interesting to tell you.3)某些表語形容詞充當(dāng)定語時(shí)須后置。例如:He is the greatest man alive.4)用作表語,與系動(dòng)詞

be,become,go,grow,get,become,feel,appear,prove,seem,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,turn,remain等連用。例如:feel soft,prove difficult,smell bad,sound wonderful,remain unsolved,turn yellow,go deaf/hungry/dead/bad/white/red/mad/blind/wrong

5)英語中有些形容詞只可作表語,不可作(前置)定語。這類形容詞主要有:①表示健康狀況的形容詞。如:ill,well。②以a開頭的狀態(tài)形容詞。如:afraid,alike,awake,alone,alive,asleep等。③其它:sure,unable,worth,drunk(喝醉的)。注意:修飾這類形容詞一般不用very,而用much或其它副詞(ill和well除外)。如:much afraid,fast/sound asleep(酣睡),wide awake(完全清醒),well worth(doing)(很值得)。

6)用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:The news made every one happy.I think the text very interesting.7)與定冠詞一起表示某一類人或物,在句中可作主語、賓語。例如:The rich and the poor live very different lives.(主語)

8)作狀語,表示伴隨狀況、原因、結(jié)果等。例如:He went to bed,cold and hungry.9)英語中有些形容詞不能用來修飾人,只能修飾事物。例如(im)possible,necessary,surprising等。He was impossible to find it out.(×)He was unable to find it out.(√)It was impossible for him to

find it out.(√)

10)構(gòu)詞法中,以ly結(jié)尾的詞并不都是副詞,也存在形容詞,常見的有:el-derly(漸老的),lively(生動(dòng)的),lovely(可愛的),orderly(整齊的),silly(傻的)等。有些表示人、人際關(guān)系的詞,加“l(fā)y”之后,表外表、氣質(zhì)等:friendly(友好的),motherly(母親般的),manly(有男子漢氣質(zhì)的)。表示時(shí)間的名詞,加“l(fā)y”后,表頻率:a monthly magazine月刊,daily newspaper日?qǐng)?bào)。特例:China Daily(n.),published daily(adv.)

11)下列形容詞用作定語和表語,含義不同: the present address 現(xiàn)在的地址

He is present at the meeting.他出席了會(huì)議。

a certain factory 某個(gè)工廠

It is certain that he will succeed.他一定會(huì)成功。ill news 壞消息

He is ill.他病了。

形容詞大全（考試虛開頭使用）

英語中描述人品質(zhì)、性格的形容詞大全 able 有才干的，能干的 active 主動(dòng)的，活躍的 adaptable 適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的 adroit 靈巧的，機(jī)敏的 aggressive 有進(jìn)取心的 alert 機(jī)靈的 ambitious 有雄心壯志的 amiable 和藹可親的 amicable 友好的 analytical 善于分析的 apprehensive 有理解力的 aspiring 有志氣的，有抱負(fù)的 audacious 大膽的，有冒險(xiǎn)精神的

capable 有能力的，有才能的

careful 辦事仔細(xì)的

candid 正直的 charitable 寬厚的 competent 能勝任的 confident 有信心的 conscientious 認(rèn)真的，自覺的 considerate 體貼的 constructive 建設(shè)性的

contemplative 好沉思的 cooperative 有合作精神的 creative 富創(chuàng)造力的 dashing 有一股子沖勁的，有拼搏精神的 dedicated 有奉獻(xiàn)精神的 devoted 有獻(xiàn)身精神的 dependable 可靠的 diplomatic 老練的，有策略的 disciplined 守紀(jì)律的 discreet（在行動(dòng)，說話等方面）謹(jǐn)慎的 dutiful 盡職的 dynamic 精悍的

earnest 認(rèn)真的 well-educated 受過良好教育的 efficient 有效率的 energetic 精力充沛的 enthusiastic 充滿熱情的 expressive 善于表達(dá) faithful 守信的，忠誠的

forceful（性格）堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的 modest 謙虛的 frank 直率的，真誠的 motivated 目的明確的 friendly 友好的 objective 客觀的 frugal 儉樸的 open-minded 虛心的 generous 寬宏大量的 orderly 守紀(jì)律的 genteel 有教養(yǎng)的 original 有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的 gentle 有禮貌的 painstaking 辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的 hard-working 勤勞的 practical 實(shí)際的 hearty 精神飽滿的 precise 一絲不茍的 honest 誠實(shí)的 persevering 不屈不撓的 hospitable 殷勤的 punctual 嚴(yán)守時(shí)刻的 humble 恭順的 purposeful 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的 humorous 幽默的 qualified 合格的 impartial 公正的 rational 有理性的 independent 有主見的 realistic 實(shí)事求是的 industrious 勤奮的 reasonable 講道理的 ingenious 有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的 reliable 可信賴的 initiative 首創(chuàng)精神 responsible 負(fù)責(zé)的 have an inquiring mind 愛動(dòng)腦筋 self-conscious 自覺的 intellective 有智力的 selfless 無私的 intelligent 理解力強(qiáng)的 sensible 明白事理的 inventive 有發(fā)明才能的，有創(chuàng)造力的 sincere 真誠的 just 正直的 smart 精明的 kind-hearted 好心的 spirited 生氣勃勃的 knowledgeable 有見識(shí)的 sporting 光明正大的 learned 精通某門學(xué)問的 steady 塌實(shí)的 liberal 心胸寬大的 straightforward 老實(shí)的 logical 條理分明的 strict 嚴(yán)格的 loyal 忠心耿耿的 systematic 有系統(tǒng)的strong-willed 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的sweet-tempered 性情溫和的temperate 穩(wěn)健的 methodical 有方法的 tireless 孜孜不倦的 描述物的和其他

tasteful 可口的，誘人香味的 delicious 1)historic: famous in history, 歷史上著名的 associated with past times 與過去時(shí)代有關(guān)的 a ~ event/speech/spot historical: belong to history 歷史上的 a ~ people/novel/play/film/painting ~ trend

2)electric: worked by, changed with，producing electricity 用電的，帶電的, 有電的 ~ current/cable

electrical: relating to electricity, an idea of a less close connection with electricity ~ engineering/apparatus

3)economic: of economics ~ policy/geography/crisis/crops economical: careful in the spending of money and time, not waste 經(jīng)濟(jì)的，節(jié)儉的 an ~ housewife/store

4)industrial: of industries 工業(yè)的 the ~ revolution/products/system industrious: hard-working, diligent ~ people

5)considerable: great much 相當(dāng)多（大）的 a ~ income/distance considerate: thoughtful 體諒的，體貼的 周到的 She is ~ to others.6)sensible: reasonable, having good sense 實(shí)用的，明知的 a ~ woman/idea/ 豁達(dá)的婦女/明知的觀點(diǎn) ~ clothes 實(shí)用的衣服

sensitive: quick to receive impression 敏感的 a ~ skin ~ paper 感光紙

7)continual: going on all the time without stopping or with only short breaks, stop and go repeatedly, 連續(xù)的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的 ~ rain/noise continuous: going on without a break, an uninterrupted flow 連續(xù)不斷的 ~ fight/work

8)intense: high in degree 強(qiáng)烈的，劇烈的，高度的 ~ heat熾熱/pain an ~ lady 熱情的女子

intensive: deep and thorough 精深的，集中的 ~ reading/study徹底研究/agriculture密集農(nóng)業(yè)

9）respectable: deserving respect, 值得尊敬的，有名望的 a ~ man/profession respectful: showing respect 尊敬人的，有禮貌的，He is always ~to the elders.respective: belongs to each of these 分別的，各自的 They sat on their ~ chairs.10)imaginable: that can be imagined 可象想的 ~ difficulties imaginary: existing only in the mind, unreal 想象中的，不真實(shí)的 ~ figure imaginative: of, having, using imagination 有想象力的，運(yùn)用想象力的 a ~ writer

11)intelligent: having, showing intelligence, clever 有才智的, 聰明的 an ~ looking girl ~ answer intelligible: clear to mind, that can be easily understood.易了解的, 易領(lǐng)悟的 an ~ speech/explanation intellectual: possessing a great deal of knowledge 知識(shí)的, 智力的

12)contemptible: deserving contempt 可卑的 a ~ lie contemptuous: showing contempt 表示輕視的 a ~ look

13)credible: that can be believed 可信的，可靠的 a ~ witness credulous: too ready to believe things.輕易相信的，易上當(dāng)?shù)?He always cheats ~ people.creditable: that brings credit.可稱贊的 a ~ record/deed/effort

14)alternate: changing by turns 輪流的，交替的

alternative: giving a choice between two things 選擇的，兩者選一的

15)comparable 可比較的，有類似之處的 comparative 比較而言的，相當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

There is no scenery comparable to that of the West lake.He lived in comparative comfort recently.16)politic 精明的 political 政治的

17)beneficial 有益的 beneficent 多多行善的

18)official 官方的 officious 多管閑事的

19)potent 強(qiáng)有力的

potential 潛在的，可能的

20)confident 有信心的，自信的 confidential 機(jī)密的

21)negligent 忽視的，粗心大意的 negligible 可忽視的

22)momentary 瞬時(shí)的，短時(shí)的 momentous 重大的

23)memorable 值得記憶的，不能忘卻的 memorial 紀(jì)念的

24)social 社會(huì)的 sociable 善社交的

25)childish 幼稚的 childlike 孩子般的

26)distinct: clear 明顯的，清晰的

distinctive: characteristic 獨(dú)特的，有區(qū)別的

27)classic 一流的 classical 古典的

28)comprehensible 可理解的 comprehensive 全面的，綜合的

29)disinterested 公平的 uninterested 冷淡的

30)earthly 人間的，塵世的

earthy 泥土似的

31)effective 有效的 efficient 有效率的 effectual 奏效的

32)exceptionable 反對(duì)的 exceptional 非凡的

33)fatal 致命的 fateful 決定性的

34)fleshly 肉體的 fleshy 肥胖的

35)homely 家常的 homelike 象家的

36)im(un)practical 不切合實(shí)際的impracticable 無法使用的

37)ingenious 有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的 ingenuous 直率的，天真的

38)manly 男人氣派的 male 男的

masculine 男性的

39)movable 可移動(dòng)的，變動(dòng)的 mobile 可動(dòng)的，活動(dòng)地

40)mysterious 神秘的 mystical 奧妙的

41)notable 著名的（指事）noted 著名的（指人）

42)practical 實(shí)際的

practicable 可行的，通行的

43)regretful 遺憾的(指人）regrettable 遺憾的（指事）

44)seasonable 及時(shí)的

seasonal 季節(jié)的

45)spiritual 精神的 spirituous 酒精的

46)tortuous 彎曲的 torturous 受刑的

47)transitory 短時(shí)間的（指事）transient 瞬時(shí)的（指人）

48)elementary 基本的 elemental 自然的

49)healthy 健康的

healthful 有易于健康的

50)likely 可能的 likable 可愛的

51)desirable 合意的 desirous 渴望的

52)clean 干凈的

cleanly 有干凈習(xí)慣的 Are cats cleanly animals?

53)kind 慈善地

kindly 友好的，親切的

54)temporal 一時(shí)的, 暫時(shí)的, 世俗的 temporary 暫時(shí)的, 臨時(shí)的 optimistic樂觀

independent獨(dú)立的out-going外向的

active 活潑的 主動(dòng)的，活躍的 able 有才干的，能干的；

adaptable 適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的 aggressive 有進(jìn)取心的ambitious 有雄心壯志的；

amiable ['em??bl] 和藹可親的amicable ['?mik?bl]友好的；

analytical 善于分析的apprehensive [??pri'hensiv]有理解力的；

aspiring [?s'pai?ri?]有志氣的，有抱負(fù)的

audacious 大膽的，有冒險(xiǎn)精神的；

capable 有能力的，有才能的careful 辦理仔細(xì)的；

candid 正直的

competent ['k?mpit?nt]能勝任的；

cooperative 有合作精神的；

creative 富創(chuàng)造力的

dedicated 有奉獻(xiàn)精神的；

dependable 可靠的

diplomatic 老練的，有策略的；

disciplined 守紀(jì)律的dutiful 盡職的；

well--educated 受過良好教育的efficient 有效率的；

energetic 精力充沛的expressivity 善于表達(dá)；

faithful 守信的，忠誠的frank 直率的，真誠的； generous 寬宏大量的

genteel [d?en'ti:l]有教養(yǎng)的；

gentle 有禮貌的humorous 有幽默；

impartial [im'pɑ:??l]公正的independent 有主見的；

industrious 勤奮的

ingenious 有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的；

motivated 目的明確的intelligent 理解力強(qiáng)的；

learned 精通某門學(xué)問的 logical 條理分明的；

methodical 有方法的modest 謙虛的；

objective 客觀的

precise [pri'sais]一絲不茍的；

punctual ['p??ktju?l] 嚴(yán)守時(shí)刻的realistic 實(shí)事求是的； responsible 負(fù)責(zé)的sensible 明白事理的；

porting 光明正大的steady 踏實(shí)的；

systematic 有系統(tǒng)的purposeful 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的； sweet-tempered 性情溫和的

temperate 穩(wěn)健的；

tireless 孜孜不倦的adroit [?'dr?it]靈巧的，機(jī)敏的aggressive 有進(jìn)取心的alert 機(jī)靈的argumentative 好爭辯的

aspiring 有志氣的，有抱負(fù)的attractive 有魅力的

audacious 大膽的，有冒險(xiǎn)精神的 choleric 易怒的

phlegmatic 性子慢的,就是做事不著急的 melancholic 憂郁的 sanguine 性格樂觀的 easygoing 隨和的

compassionate 有同情心的 good-natured 性格好的 bad-tempered 性格不好的 pessimistic 是悲觀的

第三篇：英語形容詞順序

一．如果你記住Opshacom這個(gè)為幫助記憶而杜撰的詞，就能掌握英語中形容詞排列的順序。

Opshacom中

p代表opinion，指表示人們觀點(diǎn)的形容 詞，如beautiful，horrible，lovely，nice等；

sh代表shape，指表示形狀的形容詞，如long，short，round, narrow等；

a代表age，指表示年齡、時(shí)代的形容詞，如old，new，young等；

c代表colour，指表示顏色的形容詞，如red,black, orange等；

o代表origin，指表示國籍、地區(qū)的形容詞，如British，Canadian，German等；

m代表material，指表示材料的形容詞，如plastic，metal，aluminium等。

英語中這六類形容詞連用時(shí)就按上述先后順序排列，如a nice long new black British plastic pen 當(dāng)然，實(shí)際語言使用中不太可能出現(xiàn)這么多形容詞連用的情況。

二 形容詞順序口訣：縣（限）官（冠）叔（數(shù)）叔（數(shù)）美 小 圓 舊 黃 法國木書房 點(diǎn)撥：縣官叔叔有一個(gè)美的小的圓的舊的黃的法國的木質(zhì)的書房。

（a beautiful small round old yellow French wood study）

美小圓舊黃,法國木書房

縣代表限定詞，包括冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞，所有格，數(shù)字等。官代表冠詞a an等。

叔代表序數(shù)詞 first second third…

叔代表基數(shù)詞 one tow three…

美代表表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性的形容詞：fine ,beautiful, good, bad, easy ,difficult, clean, dirty, kind, nice,...等（注意：如果這類形容詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)，就按短前長后的原則，如： a clean beautiful school）

小代表表示大小的形容詞

圓代表描繪形狀的形容詞

舊代表描繪新舊的形容詞

黃代表描繪顏色的形容詞

法國 代表國籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞：English；American；mountain等

木代表形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞：wooden, silk, plastic, stone等

書房 代表被修飾的中心名詞

如： 他買了三件昂貴的俄國產(chǎn)的棕色皮大衣：He bought three expensive brown Russian fur coats.一只美麗的中國白孔雀：a beautiful white Chinese peacock.一座漂亮的舊石橋：a fine old stone bridge;

他的那輛新的黑色的外國小汽車：his large new black foreign car.

第四篇：英語形容詞的位置

形容詞在句中的位置及其語法功能舉隅

形容詞是英語中比較重要的一類詞，其主要功能是用來限制或描繪名詞、代詞。按其構(gòu)成可分為簡單形容詞和復(fù)合形容詞兩類。如：

簡單形容詞：new，interesting，known，musical，yellow，instructive等。

復(fù)合形容詞：water-covered，man-made，audio-visual，out-of-date，five-year-old等。

按其功能可分為限制性形容詞和描繪性形容詞兩類。如：

限制性形容詞：medical，English，hunting，Christian，chemical等。

描繪性形容詞：beautiful，grand，magnificent，good，nice，ugly等。

形容詞在句中的位置大致有四種：①在名詞前或名詞后做定語；②在系動(dòng)詞后做表語；③在動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)后做賓語補(bǔ)足語；④做狀語。

Ⅰ.前置形容詞與其它修飾語的排列順序

人們?cè)诿枋瞿骋皇挛飼r(shí)往往會(huì)加上許多修飾語來進(jìn)行描述或限定，許多人，特別是初學(xué)者，往往對(duì)多個(gè)修飾語的排列順序感到束手無策，有的干脆依照漢語的排列習(xí)慣去處理，結(jié)果出現(xiàn)了中式英語。例如，在翻譯“這兩頭憨態(tài)可掬的俄羅斯棕色大熊”時(shí)，按中文的順序排列為：

these two funny Russian brown big bears

顯然是錯(cuò)誤的。其實(shí)，英語中修飾語的排列順序還是有規(guī)律可循的。

首先，放在第一位的是限定詞。包括冠詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格和人稱代詞所有格等。例如：

the best way 最好的辦法

Tom's strict parents 湯姆的嚴(yán)格的父母

this pretty little daughter of yours 你的這個(gè)漂亮的小女兒

其次是數(shù)詞。包括基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞以及“next”和“l(fā)ast”。如果基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞放在一起，則序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后。例如：

the first two boys 開始的兩個(gè)小男孩

the last three lessons 最后的三課

接下來是描繪性形容詞。例如：

this country's famous singers and dancers

這個(gè)國家的著名歌唱家和舞蹈家

再就是表示大小、形狀、新舊年齡和顏色的形容詞。如：

a big vaulted hall 一個(gè)拱形大廳

the beautiful small garden 漂亮的小花園

that handsome tall young man 那個(gè)高個(gè)兒的英俊小伙子

the charming little white girl 這個(gè)迷人的白人小姑娘

最后是表示國籍、產(chǎn)地、用途以及制成材料等的詞（包括動(dòng)名詞）。例如：

the pure black German hunting dog這條純種德國黑色獵狗

把上面所舉的各種形式按順序排列在一起就是：

限定詞（冠詞、指示代詞、人稱代詞所有格、名詞所有格）＋序數(shù)詞＋基數(shù)詞＋描繪性形容詞＋大?。螤睿屡f年齡＋顏色＋國籍（產(chǎn)地）＋材料（用途）

筆者在教學(xué)中用一句順口溜完整、簡潔地概括了這一排列順序，收到了很好的效果，現(xiàn)恭錄如下：

縣婿雞苗大，刑令殺國才?！翱h”指限定詞；“婿”指序數(shù)詞；“雞”

指基數(shù)詞；“苗”通“描”；“刑”即指形狀；“令”指新舊年齡；“才”指材料。

依據(jù)上面的規(guī)則，我們可以輕易地將“這兩頭憨態(tài)可掬的俄羅斯棕色大熊”按英語順序排列為：these two funny big brown Russian bears

事實(shí)上，英語中出現(xiàn)堆砌修飾語的現(xiàn)象極少。名詞前的修飾語一般在兩、三個(gè)左右。但在運(yùn)用以上規(guī)則時(shí)還必須注意以下情況：

①有些程度副詞修飾形容詞時(shí)，詞序會(huì)發(fā)生變化，例如：

a hot day

a rather hot day

rather a hot day

such a hot day

so hot a day

as hot a day as yesterday

too hot a day

How hot a day it is!

②同類的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾同一名詞時(shí)，一般用逗號(hào)將其隔開，其詞序可以互換，但一般是短在前，長在后。如：

He is a good, earnest, diligent student.他是一個(gè)認(rèn)真勤奮的好學(xué)生。

This is comfortable, well-made furniture.這是一套舒服的、制作精良的家具。

③有時(shí)，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一個(gè)修飾成份，而將該成份提前。例如：

an old blind man

a blind old man

Ⅱ.作后置定語的形容詞

形容詞做后置定語通常有以下幾種情況：①以-ible和-able結(jié)尾的形容詞習(xí)慣上放在被修飾詞之后。如：

in every way possible 用各種可能的辦法

things available 能得到的東西

the most pleasant place imaginable 能想到的最好的地方

此類形容詞也可放在被修飾詞之前而意義不變。

②修飾不定代詞的形容詞必須放在不定代詞之后。如：

everything necessary

something important

nothing serious

③以a-開頭的某些表語形容詞做定語時(shí)必須后置。如：

child awake 醒著的孩子

lovers apart 分開的情人

cases alike 相同的情形

但如果這類形容詞本身帶有修飾語時(shí)，有些也可前置：

half-asleep kids 半睡半醒的嬰兒

somewhat-ashamed young man 稍許羞澀的年輕人

④修飾度量單位及時(shí)間段的形容詞必須后置：

a snow drift six feet high 六英尺高的雪堆

a river 500 metres wide 五百米寬的河流

a long time ago 很久以前

five years old 五歲

⑤固定或習(xí)慣說法：

secretary general 總書記，秘書長

Poet Laureate 桂冠詩人

president-elect 當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)

all the people concerned 有關(guān)人員

⑥兩個(gè)以上形容詞組成的詞組或形容詞短語一般需要后置。如：

He is the very man suitable for the job.他是唯一適合做這項(xiàng)工作的人。

It is the first time that I have ever seen a man so young and so wise.我是第一次看到這么年輕而又聰明的人。

It's the only matter worthy of attention.這是唯一值得注意的事情。

Ⅲ.可前置又可后置的形容詞

１．前置、后置意思不變這類形容詞常用的有：past，nearby，upstairs，downstairs，enough，total，follow等。

例：They live in a nearby village/a village nearby.There is a TV set in the upstairs room/the room upstairs.They led a miserable life in the past days/ the days past.We still have enough time/time enough to do it.但在下面的一句中enough一般后置。

I'm not fool enough to believe that.２．前置、后置意思不同這類詞常見的有：present，absent，involved，concerned等。例如：

the present situation 目前的形勢

all the people present 所有在場的人

Ⅳ.形容詞除做定語之外，另一個(gè)重要的語法功能就是在連系動(dòng)詞的后面做表語。例如：

That story is very interesting.Your idea sounds reasonable.The body of a hibernating snake feels cold.形容詞做表語須注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.表示人的性格特征及行為處事方式的形容詞可使用于祈使句。如：patient，kind，good，calm，careful，polite，cheerful，quiet等。例如：

Be quiet!安靜！

Please be good to me!請(qǐng)對(duì)我好點(diǎn)兒！

2.只能用作表語的形容詞

①表身體狀況的形容詞及a-形容詞只能做表語。（少部分可做后置定語，見“Ⅱ.做后置定語的形容詞③”）這些詞有：ill，well，unwell，fine，asleep，awake，alone，afraid等。這些a-形容詞往往不能使用程度副詞very，quite，rather等來修飾，而必須使用其它方式來表達(dá)。例：

fast/sound asleep wide awake much afraid very much/all alone

②形容詞后面接介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式或賓語從句后做表語（或補(bǔ)足語）。在英語中，可接介詞短語的形容詞很多，并且形容詞與介詞的搭配基本固定。例如：

be busy with

be angry at/with

be satisfied with

be interested in

be fond of

be good at

be proud of

在某些形容詞后可接不定式，且必須使用不定式的主動(dòng)形式來表示被動(dòng)含義。這類形容詞有：heavy，light，difficult，easy，hard，fit，nice，good，pleasant，tiresome等。

例：The book is easy to understand.That flat is pleasant to live in.The box is too heavy to move.可接賓語從句的形容詞通常有：certain，glad，afraid，sure，sorry，confident等。例：

I'm sure that he will come here.I'm afraid that they won't come to our help.We're very glad that you will go with us.Ⅴ.在動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)后做賓語補(bǔ)足語

They are working hard to make our country more beautiful.他們?cè)谂ぷ饕允刮覀兊膰腋馈?/p>

I laid him down dead.我把他放下，他死了。

Don't drink tea cold.勿飲涼茶。

They left the door open when they came out.他們出去的時(shí)候沒有關(guān)門。

Ⅵ.做狀語，表動(dòng)作的伴隨情況或動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)主語所處的狀態(tài)

Full of joy, they returned.他們高高興興地回來了。

He fell down dead.他死了，倒了下來。

She sat there, silent.她一聲不吭地坐在那兒。

Thirsty and eager to get a little rest, they went into a tea-house and seated themselves at a little table by the window.口干舌燥，又想稍事休息，他們走進(jìn)了一家茶館，坐在靠窗的一張小桌旁。

第五篇：英語形容詞教學(xué)方法(Adjective)

Adjective

i.Presentation ? Adjectives are words which give us more information about a noun.They describe nouns in more detail.For example:

形容詞的另一種用法： The cat is fat.The mat is dirty.The cat sat on the mat.? The adjectives add more information and help create a fuller picture.Now add adjectives to the following sentences.The boy bought some trousers.The house was empty.? Adjective use is not confined to narrative forms and it is important to instill in your pupils some understanding of how adjectives are used in non-fiction texts, too.An effective and simple way of doing this is by using(real or devised)advertisements, holiday brochures or property descriptions from estate agents.Again, remove the adjectives from the texts and ask pupils to replace them.Get the class to focus on how adjective choices are used as a form of persuasion.ii.Practice ? Give pupils passages where the adjectives are left out and ask them to fill in the gaps.Try to get them to think about the effect created.? Another exercise is to get pupils to describe something(or someone if you are confident that it will not turn nasty!)by adjective alone.For example, 'I am green, rectangular, chipped and scratched' may describe a classroom door;or 'I am red, white, jolly and fat' may describe Father Christmas.//or describing and guessing By Ann 版權(quán)所有，僅供教學(xué)使用，嚴(yán)禁用于商業(yè)用途。