第一篇:口語演講范文
Life
I've been thinking for a long time about what we do in our life...We start by being taught in school how to become good citizens.We spend a great part of our childhood studying,and finally we get the diploma that will
ensure us “the position we deserve”.We participate to the increaseof unemployment...until we find a job.Through hard tests we are accepted in the world of work.We perform a good professional career filled with activity and efforts?a lot, a lot of efforts...till we fall down exhausted...BUT we are great professionals with our valuable market share
Time keepsonpassing, and...we selectnew targets.We meet the sweetheart of our life....and promise a neverending love.Passionate ,and here comes a baby into our home.Damned night,couldn’t close my eyes!We keep on advancing in the society trying to make the best ofour time.We are the stars wherever we go and we are finally RICH!But we need some time more to triumph completely.Gosh!One day they tell they can dowithout you.By this time, you think gettingcrazy, you feeldestroyed you feel you lost means of communication You realise you arecut off from everything.Now time does not pass any longer, still you areloosing it.You realiseyou’ve been living in the fog in search of a silly target You becomea walking ghost trying to escape your enemies.You are theonly one longing for the hours to pass till your time comes.Upon this evaluation, an idea came to my mindon how to improve my life.I'll take things Easy.I'll try to openmy heart to my love.I'll listen more to the ones surrounding me
I'll save more time to spend itwith my friends.I'll try to travelmore.No,karaoke I'll never do, but I believe I'll sing more.I'll gomore times to the seaside.I'll make my best to cook tasty food.I'll joinmy friends’ warmth.A bit love more.I'll be happier to get newsfrom my friends
and achievetogethercommon objectives I can’t be sure, but I believe it worths trying.“Well, saywhat you want, but I am a nice guy!” I'll co-operateclean the world from nasty people No harm froma glass more.HIC!And I hope they won’t stop me when my timecomes.I do not know whether it is good for everybody, butI’m sure that at least I will have had a wonderful time? which by the way is what counts more.DON’T YOU THINK SO?
第二篇:口語交際.演講
《演講》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1.知識目標(biāo):理解演講的重要性,掌握演講的基本知識。
2.能力目標(biāo):培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的分析能力、理解能力和語言表達(dá)能力,鍛煉學(xué)生的理性思維與思辨能力。
3.發(fā)展性目標(biāo):提高學(xué)生的社會交際能力、文化素養(yǎng)與理論水平,提升學(xué)生的自信心和克服困難的決心。
教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
1.掌握演講的基本知識。
2.分析能力、理解能力和語言表達(dá)能力的訓(xùn)練。
教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
如何在演講中提高學(xué)生的社會交際能力、文化素養(yǎng)與思辨水平,提升學(xué)生的自信心。
課時(shí)安排 2課時(shí)
教學(xué)方法: 案例教學(xué)法
一、課前準(zhǔn)備
1.分小組(小組活動教學(xué)形成模式之后,學(xué)生自然會按照要求進(jìn)行組合分組)。2.用多媒體課件或小黑板展示課程的教學(xué)目標(biāo)。3.案例材料上課時(shí)發(fā)給學(xué)生。
二、演講話題:禮貌待人的好處 讀書的樂趣
三、生開始練習(xí)試講
四、指名上臺試講
1、(師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生點(diǎn)評:儀態(tài)、語言、聲音,側(cè)重于他圍繞這個(gè)主題具體講了哪些內(nèi)容?(禮貌待人的好處、舉例、怎樣做的)(從哪些方面講了禮貌待人的好處?)有條理 舉例有說服力,能打動人
2、我相信下一個(gè)同學(xué)一定會在此基礎(chǔ)上講得更好。指名上臺講“讀書的樂趣”。講完后引導(dǎo)學(xué)生評價(jià),師小結(jié)。
3、演講各有各的特點(diǎn),同學(xué)們看,這些同學(xué)在演講的時(shí)候,哪些方面給你留下了深刻的印象?
4、生觀看視頻(課件出示一段小學(xué)生演講視頻)
師:同學(xué)們,他們的演講怎么樣?
(生評:很大方 有的加上了動作;有的唱歌。為什么大方?快板節(jié)奏鮮明,歌聲引人入勝,演講形式多樣所以能打動人)
【多媒體設(shè)計(jì)意圖:課件出示學(xué)生演講的精彩片段,旨在讓學(xué)生感受演講形式的多樣化,體態(tài)語言的輔助作用,同時(shí)更直觀地感受到真正能打動人的演講,為接下來的“個(gè)人風(fēng)采展示”提供了示范?!?/p>
5、師:同學(xué)們,我們在演講的時(shí)候要做到有內(nèi)容有條理,如果要真正打動別人,語言還要有魅力。下面我們的小小即興演講會進(jìn)入到“個(gè)人風(fēng)采展示階段”,課前老師從同學(xué)中搜集了一些話題(課件示話題)
6、師:我們每個(gè)同學(xué)“八仙過海,各顯神通”,選擇一個(gè)話題稍作準(zhǔn)備,待會兒上來做即興演講。如果你對這些話題不感興趣,也可自定話題。
7、學(xué)生自主準(zhǔn)備演講話題
現(xiàn)在哪位同學(xué)愿意上來?(指名演講)
此次評價(jià)側(cè)重于個(gè)人魅力(知識豐富、語言有激情、配上動作、充滿自信)
五、課后延展
1、師:同學(xué)們,演講是一門語言藝術(shù),著名演講大師卡內(nèi)基曾經(jīng)說過??
2、課件示名言,生齊讀
3、師:大師這段話中的準(zhǔn)備是不是指我們今天演講前短短的5分鐘?(生答)
4、師:這里的準(zhǔn)備指的是什么?(生:查閱資料師歸納總結(jié):多觀察多收集;生述:經(jīng)歷師:對,生活中的積累很重要;)
結(jié)束語:口才是人生的必修課。當(dāng)你競選班干時(shí),當(dāng)你和同學(xué)辯論時(shí),當(dāng)你上臺領(lǐng)獎時(shí),將來你去求學(xué)、求職時(shí)都需要用到演講。而精彩的演講來自于生活的積累。同學(xué)們在今后的生活中只要多多練習(xí),鍛煉自己,就一定能掌握更多更好的即興演講的方法和技巧。
板書: 小小即興演講會
有內(nèi)容
有條理
打動人
《口語交際<演講>》說課稿
一、說教材
我說課的內(nèi)容是九年義務(wù)教育六年制語文第十二冊積累?運(yùn)用五的口語交際。
二、說學(xué)生
這次口語交際的形式是演講,主題是讓學(xué)生聯(lián)系自己的興趣、愛好、向往,暢談自己的理想。
三、教學(xué)目標(biāo),重難點(diǎn)
根據(jù)本次口語交際的要求,我明確了以下幾個(gè)教學(xué)目標(biāo):
1、知識目標(biāo):初步了解演講的定義和演講的方法
2、情感目標(biāo):認(rèn)識到人生早期樹立理想的重要性。
3、能力目標(biāo):通過口語交際,使學(xué)生學(xué)會組織語言,表達(dá)時(shí)做到準(zhǔn)確清晰 讓學(xué)生有條理、有感情地進(jìn)行演講教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
四、說教法、學(xué)法。
《語文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》指出:“口語交際是聽與說雙方的互動過程。教學(xué)活動主要在具體的活動情境中進(jìn)行?!?我根據(jù)“以學(xué)生為本,以促進(jìn)學(xué)生的發(fā)展為本”這個(gè)教學(xué)理念,在教學(xué)過程中既有扎實(shí)的知識基礎(chǔ),也有生動的競賽《口語交際<演講>》說課稿《口語交際<演講>》說課稿。讓學(xué)生課前收集資料,老師課堂上運(yùn)用多媒體輔助,掃請知識障礙,為演講的精彩、順利進(jìn)行做準(zhǔn)備。
五、教學(xué)策略
本節(jié)課,我設(shè)計(jì)了四個(gè)教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié):(共80分鐘)
開宗明義,掃請障礙——交流啟發(fā),懂得方法——暢談理想,理清思路——實(shí)踐活動,升華情感
第一步:開宗明義,掃請障礙(5分鐘)讓學(xué)生了解什么叫演講,我會先顯示一段精彩演講片段,然后投影介紹什么是演講。目的是讓學(xué)生有一個(gè)清晰是概念。第二步:交流啟發(fā),懂得方法(15分鐘)
首先我會(投影)演講的要求(按),然后根據(jù)板書理清學(xué)生思路 1)這次演講的主題是什么——理想
進(jìn)而讓學(xué)生理解什么是理想(投影)(按)
2)在找資料方面,讓學(xué)生交流收集資料,目的是進(jìn)一步開拓學(xué)生的視野,從而知道可以從多方面收集材料。
A、收集故事:說說經(jīng)過努力奮斗,終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的理想的名人故事《口語交際<演講>》說課稿文章《口語交際<演講>》說課稿出自http://,轉(zhuǎn)載請保留此鏈接!。如:毛澤東、雷鋒、周恩來、諾貝爾、孔明等。
B、收集有關(guān)理想方面的名人名言。(老師可以提供古今中外的名人名言,供學(xué)生選擇,如:蘇軾、巴金、居里夫人、伏爾泰等)
3)準(zhǔn)備演講稿(引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在選好主題和資料,還不能立刻進(jìn)行演講,還要整理好自己的思路,并準(zhǔn)備演講稿)讓學(xué)生根據(jù)口語交際講出要求,老師投影(按)第三步:暢談理想,理清思路(20分鐘)
1)、先讓學(xué)生起來說說自己的理想是什么。教師隨機(jī)板書:畫家,教師,工程師??老師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生的思路有了理想,你就一定會實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的理想嗎?我們應(yīng)該怎樣實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的理想呢?
2)、個(gè)人準(zhǔn)備演講稿。(讓學(xué)生有充分的時(shí)間作準(zhǔn)備)第四步:實(shí)踐活動,升華情感(40分鐘)
1)、小組交流(目的是全班參與,一層層篩選)1把自己準(zhǔn)備的內(nèi)容,在小組里講給其他同學(xué)聽 淘寶精品
2大家都說過以后,推薦一名講得好的同學(xué),代表小組參加班級“乘著理想的翅膀飛翔”的演講比賽,比賽前本組同學(xué)可以共同幫助參賽選手修改演講的內(nèi)容《口語交際<演講>》說課稿學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié)。2)、班級演講比賽
1由同學(xué)共同討論制定演講比賽的評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(投影顯示)2各組參賽選手進(jìn)行演講。(6~8人)3其他同學(xué)評議,選出“最具創(chuàng)意獎”、“最佳口才獎”(用舉手投票的形式評出)3)、小結(jié)
4)、布置作業(yè)
將你今天演講的內(nèi)容講給父母聽。
師隨機(jī)點(diǎn)評:××同學(xué)一開始就和在坐的同學(xué)主動問好,很有禮貌,如果能和在坐的老師也打個(gè)招呼就更有禮貌了。指導(dǎo)學(xué)生再重述一次。生繼續(xù)(他接下來就告訴我們他要講什么,開門見山,這種方法真好!生講述(先從××方面介紹了我們的學(xué)校,指導(dǎo)生看著板書繼續(xù)演講,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生結(jié)束)
師評:第1個(gè)吃螃蟹的人最勇敢,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生評價(jià),他從怎么多的方面介紹了我們的學(xué)校,說得很具體,他是怎么選擇材料的呢?生評價(jià),他先講了××,接著講了××,最后講了××
師:還有誰來給大家講講?歡迎你育才實(shí)驗(yàn)的小主人(生講述)
師:大家把掌聲送給她。同學(xué)們,人們常說”耳聽為虛,眼見為實(shí)”,這節(jié)課,你們讓我們客人老師感受到的卻是“耳聽為真,眼見為實(shí)”。
師:同學(xué)們剛才精彩的介紹就是一次(引學(xué)生答:即興演講)
前一段時(shí)間,我們學(xué)習(xí)了一篇課文《談禮貌》,文章告訴我們”君子不失色于人,不失口于人”這個(gè)道理,禮貌待人有哪些好處呢?這學(xué)期,老師給大家推薦了許多的課外書,如《上下五千年》《呼蘭河傳》等,很多同學(xué)在課外閱讀中收獲很多,不少同學(xué)也想和大家分享自己讀書的樂趣,這個(gè)話題就請3、4組的同學(xué)給大家談?wù)劇?/p>
師:他至少講了3個(gè)方面,有內(nèi)容夠具體,言之有物,言之有序,言之有理,好三星級的演講,讓我們把掌聲再次送給他。師:大家給予了你熱烈的掌聲,你應(yīng)該怎么做?你很有禮貌,謝謝你!當(dāng)我們走上講臺面對聽眾,就要把自己以最文明的舉止展現(xiàn)在大家面前,這樣的舉止也能打動臺下的聽眾。
師:接下來,誰代表你們組來給大家講講“讀書的樂趣”。注意觀察和傾聽,他能得幾顆星。
師:這個(gè)小組的同學(xué)有什么要補(bǔ)充的嗎?掌聲送給他,你覺得他可以得幾顆星?(指名評價(jià))想不想得第4顆星?他在演講時(shí),引用了一些名言,這些名言給我們留下深刻的印象,我們在演講的時(shí)候,要看你的語句是不是能打動人,老師要給這位同學(xué)4顆星,動人之星,掌聲再次送給他。
師:你覺得你今天的演講和你平時(shí)在和同學(xué)討論這個(gè)話題的時(shí)候有沒有進(jìn)步? 生答
師:哪些方面有進(jìn)步?生述 師隨機(jī)點(diǎn)評 內(nèi)容具體了,一個(gè)一個(gè)地講述的很有條理,你的演講成功了!我們的演講做到這兩點(diǎn)就很棒了。
指名上臺演講 教師隨機(jī)指正 讓學(xué)生重復(fù)自己最能打動人的語句 好極了!謝謝你
師:同學(xué)們,即興演講除了我們今天課上所講的4點(diǎn)要求外,還有更高的要求,學(xué)無止境。因?yàn)闀r(shí)間關(guān)系,今天,我們的小小演講會就到這里。
師述:我們大家來做做評委看看她能得幾顆星。
《我有一個(gè)夢想》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
⊙總體構(gòu)思
依據(jù)《新課標(biāo)》7-9年級階段目標(biāo)中“能就適當(dāng)?shù)脑掝}作即席講話和有準(zhǔn)備的主題演講,有自己的觀點(diǎn),有一定說服力”“注意表情和語氣,使說話有感染力和說服力”的要求,進(jìn)行一次主題演講,通過這次語文實(shí)踐,使學(xué)生了解演講的基本要求,并能初步進(jìn)行主題演講,提高學(xué)生邏輯思維能力和聽說能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自信大方的氣質(zhì)。
⊙過程設(shè)計(jì)
【教法學(xué)法】
在教師的引導(dǎo)下,學(xué)生列出演講提綱,并依據(jù)提綱合理的組織語言進(jìn)行演講實(shí)踐。通過聽名家演講、獨(dú)立準(zhǔn)備、小組演講、上臺演講、同學(xué)點(diǎn)評、教師點(diǎn)評等環(huán)節(jié),對“主題演講”進(jìn)行全面的體驗(yàn),達(dá)到提高演講欣賞水平和語言表達(dá)能力的目的。
【教學(xué)流程】
一、課前準(zhǔn)備
1、《我有一個(gè)夢想》中文演講磁帶;
2、學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備以《我有一個(gè)夢想》為題的演講提綱;
3、準(zhǔn)備一份演講評議表;
4、制作好電子幻燈片。
二、導(dǎo)入
同學(xué)們,說起口才,我們就會想起古今中外涌現(xiàn)出的一大批能言善辯的雄辯家,這些杰出的口語藝術(shù)家們不單為我們留下了寶貴的精神財(cái)富,甚至引領(lǐng)了人類精神文明的歷史。如我國古代的孟軻、晏子、墨子??近代的嚴(yán)復(fù)、孫中山、李大釗、肖楚女,外國的馬克思、恩格斯、列寧、斯大林、華盛頓、林肯等等,因此,有人說當(dāng)今世界有三大武器,即原子彈、電腦和口才,“一言可以興邦,一言亦可誤國”更是說明了口才的重要性。作為口語中一個(gè)非常重要的內(nèi)容——演講,歷來被各行各業(yè)的人們重視。今天,我們口語交際課的內(nèi)容就是演講。
三、聽名家演講:《我有一個(gè)夢想》
1、播放磁帶:馬丁?路德?金的演講《我有一個(gè)夢想》。
剛才同學(xué)們聽的是馬丁?路德?金的著名演講,他是美國黑人民權(quán)運(yùn)動領(lǐng)袖、出色的演說家,被譽(yù)為“黑人之音”,請同學(xué)們說一說,這篇演講給你留下了怎樣的印象?
第三篇:口語演講話題
1、pesonel statement(introduction)
Good morning,my dear teachers, i am very glad to be here for your
interview.my name is xushifang ,i am 22 years old.i come from quzhou,a very beautiful aicent city.There are four people in my family,my parent ,my borther and i.The first half, I graduated from Zhejiang Vocational Institute of commercial technology,in june;and now,i am trying my best for obtaining a key to shanghai university.Generally speaking ,i work hard especially do the thing i am interested in.i will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.when i was sophomore, i found the examination for the qualifications of teachers very interesting, so i learned it very hard.To prepare for the exam, I was in the library for material, to found the news from my classmates, use of all available resources.During the days preparing for the first examination,i insist on reading every day, no matter what the weather was like.and just owning to this,i could concentrate on my study and may succeeded in the end.Well ,in my spare time,I like basketball and badminton, reading a book, sometimes I run to a no one place to read aloud, and to feel the breath of nature.Also english is my favorate.i often go to English BBS to practise myenglish on ,and write compositions to improve my witten ability.but i know my english is not good ,i will continue studying.Ok, that is all,thank you for your attention.2、Equality between men and women
No,I don’t think so.Nowadays, more and more graduate student step in society to find a satisfied job.At the same time, we have a serious problem.When these
students were finding jobs, the male were easier to get a job than the female.Now the discrimination in employment became a common phenomenon.Even the tall educational background daughter graduate student is also very difficult to find the good job.But even a family life without having children means compromise to women.It's natural for the women who have a full-time job not to have the strength to do all that housewives do.The woman's duties at home are more numerous than the men's, but at the same time, the equality between women and men force them to work the same time and way at their jobs.This situation is due to the fact that there are still a lot of men who think in the terms of the patriarchate system.There are also men who treat women socially right, but this situation isn't quite the happiest, as they somehow forget their manners or act thinking something like: “ If we're equal and we do our own laundry, why should I hold her coat or open the door for her?!” This is also an abnormal situation.While in the first case the problem was that women were equal to men only when it came to work, in the second one the issue is about the equality that takes away women's right of being respected as women.In conclusion, what the feminist movements have achieved is not all good.It's obvious that they didn't only establish the normal equality between the sexes, but also the abnormal one, the one that gives women a lot of issues to solve.Ok, that is all,thank you for your attention.3、Education(life Education/Examination system)
4、Sports(Favorite/Olympics)
Sport is something that everyone can enjoy.It can be played by individuals and as a team.There are many type of sport, the most common ones are basketball, tennis, table tennis, netball, swimming and a lot of others that i can't possibly name.i bet no one on this world can name all of them.And I like basketball and badminton.The reason why sport is so popular for all age groups is because Sport help us to a healthier and fitter body and life.Everyone wants to stay health and fit, so they won't be sick very often.Sport always help our body function properly and build muscles.i believe many people love sport.those who doesn;t like sport, may i suggest you to try one of two.it is a chance to exercise and be health and fit.During sport, you can make new friends and feel the team spirt.Well,The Olympic Game held in our country in 2008.Athletes and spectator from all parts of the world will gather in Beijing and in this grand meeting of sports: Athletics, cycling, fencing, gymnastics, weightlifting, wrestling, swimming,shooting……and so on.It′s said that the Green Olympics are a dream that can′t come true.Look at the circumstance around us.No.I believe the circumstance can be created by ourselves.The dream of the Green Olympics will do come true by our efforts.The Green Olympics are not a dream any more.Everyone has a lot of nice dreams.It is a common wish that we can live in comforting environment.For the Chinese, September 23,1993 is a regretful and unforgettable day.It was because of environmental problems that Beijing failed to sponsor the Olympic Games of 2000,which is a big regret for every Chinese.We successfully bid for the qualification for the 2008 Olympics after we solve the problem of environment.The color green gives the olympic game a deeper meaning, green is in flowers, grasslands and in trees;green is in the sky, in the earth and in the sunshine.but to my opinion, green’s also in our minds, in our smiles and in the great love.That's all.Thank you.Sport I like Best
Of all the sports, I like table-tennis best.I think it is not only a sport but also an art, because it is a game that needs strength and skill.Some people think that playing table-tennis needs little strength, but I don't
think so.In playing table-tennis, we should judge the direction of the ball, and hit it back with great strength so that we can win the game.At the same time we need to pick up the ball which falls to the ground.So after one game you will be very tired if you have tried your best.But, as a sport, I think it more like an art.In the game, you can often find the ball moving quickly, and each of the players'movements is very beautiful.So I like the sport very much.Though I can't play it very well, I still show great interest in it.I think playing table-tennis can build our bodies,keep us healthy and train our brains.So I like it very much.5、Computer(Internet/Security/Games)
With the development of the Internet and the popularization of computers, shopping on the Internet has become a commonplace in our life.Here consumers can buy almost everything they need.Shopping on the Internet has a lot of advantages, of which the most important is perhaps its convenience.People don't have to waste a lot of their energy and precious time to go from one shop to another to choose the commodities they like.This is especially desirable to the old, the sick and the busy people who cannot go to the shops in person.The goods come in all shapes, sizes and colors on the Internet.All they need to do is to sit in front of their computers and click the mouses.The commodities they order will be delivered to them promptly.However, shopping on the Internet also has its disadvantages.The first disadvantage is that the consumers can't see the goods or try them on personally.Sometimes, the real goods may not be the same as what they have seen on the computer.The second disadvantage is that some shops on the Internet are not registered.They will never deliver anything to you after they get the money from you.Once cheated, you will find that you have nowhere to go to complain
第四篇:口語演講(旅游)
Hello.Teachers.Today my topic is travelling.Travelling is full of expectations and surprises.Maybe you travelled a lot of places.Which one is the best? Where will you remember forever? I think travelling with different people has different feelings.You can travel with your friends.You can travel with your parents.You also can travel alone.But I enjoy the family travelling.This is a photo of me.I was in Guilin City Guangxi Province.I went there with my parents in summer holiday.People say “The water and mountains of Guilin are the best in the world ” Guilin is really a wonderful place.The mountains here are beautiful and amazing.The water here is quiet, clear and green.The sky here is blue.The clouds here are so white.The people here are kind and pretty.The most memorable is that I took the Yulong River rafting.We sit on the bamboo raft along the Yulong River.We sang together and play with water together.At first the river was slow, but the farther it came, the more urgent it was.On the first descent, I shouted.After that, I was wet through but I was very happy.I'm so happy about this trip.This is a trip of my family.It left us a lot of memories in Guilin.I will remember it for a long time, and I can’t forget it for a long time.
第五篇:口語交際演講
口語交際演講
演講是指在公眾場所,以有聲語言為主要手段,以體態(tài)語言為輔助手段,針對某個(gè)具體問題,鮮明、完整地發(fā)表自己的見解和主張,闡明事理或抒發(fā)情感,進(jìn)行宣傳鼓動的一種語言交際活動。演講主要包括命題演講和即興演講。
一、怎樣寫好演講稿
不同類型、不同內(nèi)容的演講稿,其結(jié)構(gòu)方式也各不相同,但結(jié)構(gòu)的基本形態(tài)都是由開頭、主體、結(jié)尾三部分構(gòu)成。各部分的具體要求如下:
1、開頭要先聲奪人,富有吸引力
演講稿的開頭,也叫開場白,它猶如戲劇開頭的“鎮(zhèn)場”,在全篇中占據(jù)重要的地位。
開頭的方式主要有如下幾種:
開門見山,亮出主旨。這種開頭不繞彎子,直奔主題,開宗明義地提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。如1941年李卜克內(nèi)西《在德國國會上反對軍事?lián)芸畹穆暶鳌烽_頭就說:“我投票反對這項(xiàng)提案,理由如下:”。
敘述事實(shí),交代背景。開頭向聽眾報(bào)告一些新發(fā)生的事實(shí),比較容易引起人們的注意,吸引聽眾傾聽。如1941年7月3日斯大林《廣播演說》的開頭:“希特勒德國從6月
22日向我們祖國發(fā)動的背信棄義的軍事進(jìn)攻,正在繼續(xù)著。雖然紅軍進(jìn)行了英勇的抵抗,雖然敵人的精銳師團(tuán)和他們的精銳空軍部隊(duì)已被擊潰,被埋葬在戰(zhàn)場上,但是敵人又從前線調(diào)來了生力軍,繼續(xù)向前闖進(jìn)?!覀兊淖鎳媾R著嚴(yán)重的危險(xiǎn)?!?/p>
提出問題,發(fā)人深思。通過提問,引導(dǎo)聽眾思考一個(gè)問
題,并由此造成一個(gè)懸念,引起聽眾欲知答案的期待。如曲嘯的《人生·理想·追求》就是這樣開頭的:“一個(gè)人應(yīng)該怎樣對待自己青春的時(shí)光呢?我想在這里同大家談?wù)勎业那闆r?!?/p>
引用警句,引出下文。引用內(nèi)涵深刻、發(fā)人深省的警句,引出下面的內(nèi)容來。如一個(gè)大學(xué)生的演講稿,標(biāo)題叫《我的思考與奮起》,開頭就很精彩:“一個(gè)人如果一輩子都不曾混亂過,那么他從來就沒有思考過。”
開頭的方法還有一些,不再一一列舉??傊疅o論采用什
么形式的開頭,都要做到先聲奪人,富于吸引力。
2、主體部分要層層展開,步步推向高潮
演講稿的主體,要層層展開,步步推向高潮。所謂高潮,即演講中最精彩、最激動人心的段落。在主體部分的行文上,要在理論上一步步說服聽眾,在內(nèi)容上一步步吸引聽眾,在感情上一步步感染聽眾。要精心安排結(jié)構(gòu)層次,層層深入,環(huán)環(huán)相扣,水到渠成地推向高潮。
主體部分展開的方式有以下三種:
并列式。并列式就是圍繞演講稿的中心論點(diǎn),從不同角
度、不同側(cè)面進(jìn)行表現(xiàn),其結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)呈放射狀四面展開,宛若車輪之軸與其輻條。而每一側(cè)面都直接面向中心論點(diǎn),證明中心論點(diǎn)。
遞進(jìn)式。即從表面、淺層入手,采取步步深入、層層推
進(jìn)的方法,最終揭示深刻的主題,猶如層層剝筍。用這種方法來安排演講稿的結(jié)構(gòu)層次,能使事物得到由表及里的深入闡述和證明。
并列遞進(jìn)結(jié)合式。這種結(jié)構(gòu),或是在并列中包含遞進(jìn),或是在遞進(jìn)中包含并列。一些氣勢雄偉的演講稿常采用這種方式。
3、結(jié)尾要干脆利落,簡潔有力
演講稿的結(jié)尾,是主體內(nèi)容發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。結(jié)尾或歸
納、或升華、或希望、或號召,方式很多。好的結(jié)尾應(yīng)收攏全篇,卒章顯志,干脆利落,簡潔有力,切忌畫蛇添足,節(jié)外生枝。
二、演講要注意以下幾個(gè)方面:
(一)演講者的心理調(diào)節(jié)
演講家斯德尼·史密斯說:“在缺乏勇氣的情況下,許多偉大的才能都消失了?!毖葜v者登臺演講出現(xiàn)怯場心理,主要有以下幾個(gè)方面的原因:1.缺乏自信;2.準(zhǔn)備不足;3.環(huán)境影響。
演講者要有強(qiáng)烈的成功欲。拿破侖說:“因?yàn)槲覜Q定要成功,所以凡是我做的事都得到了成功?!背晒τ涂刂片F(xiàn)場的欲望是信心的體現(xiàn)。信心還來源于充分的準(zhǔn)備,命題演講一般都事先準(zhǔn)備講稿,相對信心比較充足,而即興演講一般沒有足夠的準(zhǔn)備,容易信心不足,此時(shí)要調(diào)節(jié)心理,可以做深呼吸、面帶微笑,從容易的話題說開去,待心情平靜后漸入主題,切忌冷場。
(二)演講時(shí)的姿勢
演講時(shí)要保持輕松的姿勢,不要把自己的緊張情緒傳遞給聽眾。過度緊張不但會表現(xiàn)出笨拙僵硬的姿勢,而且對于舌頭的動作也會不靈活,造成語言不流暢。
演講時(shí)要張開雙腳與肩同寬,挺穩(wěn)整個(gè)身軀,想辦法擴(kuò)散并減輕施加在身體上的緊張情緒。例如將一只手稍微插入口袋中,或者手觸桌邊、或者手握麥克風(fēng)等等,但不宜總是重復(fù)這些動作。
(三)演講時(shí)的視線
在大眾面前說話,必須以平和的目光面對大眾。雖然并非每位聽眾都會對你報(bào)以善意的眼光,但你還是不可以漠視大眾的眼光,避開大眾的視線來演講。尤其當(dāng)你走到麥克風(fēng)旁邊站立在大眾面前的那一瞬間,你要用堅(jiān)定的目光掃視大眾,讓每一個(gè)人都能夠感覺到你的目光。
在演講時(shí),要從聽眾中尋找對于自己投以善意而溫柔眼光的人,這樣可以無視那些投以冷淡的眼光的人,把自己的視線投向強(qiáng)烈“點(diǎn)頭”以示首肯的人,對鞏固信心來進(jìn)行演說也具有效果。
(四)演講時(shí)的臉部表情
演講時(shí)的臉部表情會給聽眾極其深刻的印象。緊張、疲勞、喜悅、焦慮等情緒無不清楚地表露在臉上。演講的內(nèi)容即使再精彩,如果表情總覺缺乏自信,老是畏畏縮縮,演講就很容易變得欠缺說服力。
控制臉部的方法,首先“不可垂頭”。人一旦“垂頭”就會給人“喪氣”之感,而且若視線不能與聽眾接觸,就難以吸引聽眾的注意。其次是“緩慢說話”。說話速度一旦緩慢,情緒即可穩(wěn)定,臉部表情也得以放松,全身上下也能夠?yàn)橹┤蛔匀羝饋怼?/p>
(五)有關(guān)服飾和發(fā)型
服裝也會帶給觀眾各種印象。尤其是東方男性總是喜歡穿著灰色或者藍(lán)色系列的服裝,難免給人過于刻板無趣印象。輕松的場合不妨穿著稍微花俏一點(diǎn)的服裝來參加。不過如果是正式的場合,一般來說仍以深色西服為宜。其次,發(fā)型也可塑造出各種形象來。長發(fā)和光頭各自蘊(yùn)含其強(qiáng)烈的形象,而鬢角的長短也被認(rèn)為是個(gè)人喜好的表征,但任何打扮不宜過份,否則過猶不及。
(六)手勢語與體態(tài)語
在演講過程中為配合演講內(nèi)容,需要一定的手勢與相應(yīng)的體態(tài),這些是一種無聲的語言,雖然是輔助作用,但也不可忽視。手勢活動的范圍,大體分三個(gè)區(qū)間:在肩部以上為上區(qū)手勢,多表示積極向上或激昂;在肩到腹部間為中區(qū)手勢,多表示客觀冷靜;在腹部以下為下區(qū)手勢,多表示鄙夷、厭惡、決裂。手勢活
動的幅度往往隨著演講者的情緒和內(nèi)容而改變。
體態(tài)語是由多個(gè)人體動作組成的一種相對穩(wěn)定的身體形態(tài),同樣可以傳播信息和表達(dá)感情。在實(shí)際演講中,體態(tài)姿勢不是單一的,總是與手勢、面部表情等其他部位結(jié)合在一起,形成體態(tài)語言的節(jié)奏感,與有聲語言的節(jié)奏相吻合,從而形成演講的整體節(jié)奏。
最后預(yù)祝大家在演講比賽中取得優(yōu)異的成績!