第一篇：自動化專業(yè)英語匯總版[最終版]

1..while some first require data to be recorded on an input medium.Notes

有些首先要求數(shù)據(jù)被記錄在一個輸入介質(zhì)上

雖然2.Tdegree emperature, for example may be measured to the nearest tenth of a 的十分之on 一的程the Celsius 度.scale.例如,溫度可以被測量精確到攝氏溫標3.The program of instructions is such 器里.a machine.程序的指令固化wired into 為還是永久儲or permanently 存在這樣的一stored in 臺機5.Only a model 織需要 ,might not do anyone else any good.few might needed by one organization, and the specialized 而且專門的模型可能不適合于其他方只有面.少數(shù)可能被一些組 6.Yprocess a payroll one minute and a billing application the next.ou’ve seen that by using different instructions such a machine can 看到通過使用不同指令,這樣的一臺機器可以在1分鐘內(nèi)處理你可一個以工資單并接著開出賬單.7.The input can be either speech, music , or data that is produced at one location faithful and transmitted efficiently over long distances, permitting在一個地方產(chǎn)生并通過遠距離有效傳送過來的有可 recovery of the original input.輸入可以是語言能如實復現(xiàn)初.音樂,或者是始輸入的數(shù)據(jù).8.Normally a bimetallic strip that bends as its temperature is varied.常雙金屬片的彎曲程度隨著溫度變化.通9.This can be as simple as making the temperature in a room stay at 21a ℃accomplish spacecraftoras complex as manufacturing an integrated circuit or guiding toJupiter In general, all the elements necessary system.集成電路或?qū)⒁运姨诊w船導航到木星一樣復雜這可以the 像讓一control 個房子 objective 的溫度are 保持described 21°Cby 一樣簡the.總的來說單term ,或像control to,制造對于完成控制目標必要的所有元素都由術(shù)語-控制系統(tǒng)來描述.10,If the output flow rate is not exactly equal to the input flow rate , the tank 口流量不是恰好等于入口流量 will either empty if Qout>Qin , or overflow ,if QoutQin槽將變空,或者如果如果出Qout

human can bring the level to the set point value H and maintain it there by 通過持續(xù)增加閥門的開關(guān)度 continuous monitoring of the sight tube and adjustment of the valve.,人們可將液位控制到設定點H,并通過連續(xù)的監(jiān)視液位指示管和調(diào)整閥門可將液位保持在那.12.This measurement performs the function of the human in evaluating the setting via an actuatorand providing an output signal u to change the valve 這個執(zhí)行了人在評估測量值和通過向與閥門有機械 connected to the valve by a mechanical linkage.連接的執(zhí)行機構(gòu)提供一個輸出信號u以改變閥門設定值活動中的功能.13.Around controllers 1960,digital around 1970,programmable logic controllers started replacing in continuous computers process started control replacing applications;and analog relay banks in discrete control applications.1960字計算機開始替換在連接過程控制中應用的模擬控制器，年左右，數(shù)1970應用的繼電器組。年左右，可編程控制器開始替換在開關(guān)量信號控制中

14.A process-initiated interrupt is often triggered by abnormal operating must be taken promptly.conditions ,indicating that some corrective action 作條件觸發(fā)，表示必須迅速采取一些正確的動作。一個程序初始化中斷常常由異常操

15.Timer intervals, ranging from very low values(e.g.,100μs)to several initiated actions can be generated at regular time minutes, or they can be generated at distinct points in time.時器初始化動作可在規(guī)定的時間間隔中產(chǎn)生，范圍從很低定的值（如100μs）到幾分鐘，或者它們可在非常嚴格的點上準時發(fā)生。16.A non-process-related action is called for in the program, such program-initiated event is when some as the printing or display of reports on a printer or monitor.個程序初始化事件指在程序中調(diào)用一些與過程不相關(guān)的一動作，諸如在打印機上打印或在監(jiān)視器上顯示報告。17.In generally process control, system process occupy a low level and of program-initiated priority compared events initiated events.interrupts, 及時間初始化事件相比，在過程控制中，commands 系統(tǒng)和初始化事件一般占用一個與過程中斷、to the process, 向過程發(fā)指令and timer with 低的優(yōu)先級。

20.An permits the execution of the current program to be suspended interrupt system is a computer control feature that to incoming signal indicating a higher priorty event.execute another program or subroutine in response 計算機控制的一個特性，它允許暫停（掛起）當前正在執(zhí)中斷系統(tǒng)是to an 行的程序，而執(zhí)行其他程序或子程序以響應一個具有更高優(yōu)先級的輸入信號

21.This first-come,first-served means that overlapping hazardous consequences if an important process interrupt was basis,which interrupts could are have serviced potentially on a forced operator to wait its turn while a series of 套中斷是基于先到先服務的服務策略，這樣，如果一個重and system interrupts were serviced.這就意味著嵌less-important 要的過程中斷在一系列次要的操作員中斷和系統(tǒng)中斷正在被響應時，被迫按順序等待，那么這個服務策略會造成潛在的危險結(jié)果

22.Its primary brain large, to use if translating a bit of ―mental structure‖ from one common highly another similar, under surrounding circumstances in which each brain possesses 一般上下文服務的、大的、高度相似的環(huán)繞智力結(jié)context.它的基本用途是，在mental 每個大腦都structures 擁有可作為that serve as a 構(gòu)的環(huán)境下，一個將一點―智力結(jié)構(gòu)‖從一個大腦翻譯到另一個大腦中。

18.Furthermore, allows each participant to knew that the other possesses this common part of these similar, contextual mental structures structure and that the other can and will perform certain process using it during 構(gòu)部分允許每個參與者知道其他人也擁有這一般的communication ―acts‖.另外，這些相似的上下關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)，并且知聯(lián)的智力結(jié)道其他人能夠病可以在通訊動作過程中用它來執(zhí)行某些處理 23.The opportunity evolution of language use has apparently exploited the resources condensed and streamlined messages: Aand for shared participants knowledge to use to their generate considerable and understand computational highly is sufficient.與者使用他們大量的計算資源和共享知識來概括和理解高濃縮語言應用的發(fā)展顯然是為了參與 word to the wise from the wise 者開拓了機遇，它使參的、流線型的信息：從一個只能到另一個只能的一個字就足夠了。24.Alanguage would seem, then, to require(no less than world a human)computer system capable of understanding a message in natural both inferences(the contextual knowledge and the processes for making assumed by the message generator.from this contextual knowledge the 的計算機系統(tǒng)看上去要有（不少于人類世界的）上那么一個能夠and 理解自from the message)下文關(guān)聯(lián)的知然語言信息識和根據(jù)信息制造者的假設（從信息和上下文知識中）形成推理的處理能力。

25.Even if the language-understanding problem is dodged by specifying some remains of how to deduce answers from stored facts.formal machine—understandable query language, the problem 題可由指定某種正式的機器理解詢問語言來回避，即使但是如何從存語言理解問儲的事實中演繹出答案這一問題仍然存在。

26.Not hypotheses, but demands intuitive skills such as guessing about which only does it require the ability to make deductions from lemmas should be proved that in order to help prove the main theorem.它不但要有從假設中形成演繹的能力，而且還要求有知覺技術(shù)，諸如為了有助于證明一個主要定理，要猜出先證明哪個推理。27.Alarge amount of specialized knowledge)to guess accurately about whichskilled mathematic uses what he might call judgment(based on a previously proven theorems in a subject area will be useful in the present proof and to break his main problem down into sub problems to work on 的特定知識）的技術(shù)來精確地推測，哪些以前在一independency.一個老練的數(shù)學家使用被稱之為判斷（基于個學科領(lǐng)域內(nèi)大量證明了的定理可以用到當前的證明以及將他的主問題分解成可以獨立證明的子問題。

28.It has been found that it is often much more efficient to produce an inexpensive, error solution to a programming or robot control problem and then modify it(to make it work correctly), than to insist on a first solution completely free of defects.題中產(chǎn)生一個便宜、錯誤的解決方案，然后再修改現(xiàn)已發(fā)現(xiàn)，先在編程或它（使它能正機械控制問確的工作）的方法，常常要比堅持第一個解決方案就是完全無懈可擊的方法高效得多。

29.Routine attempts at solving these types of problems, soon generate a combinatorial explosion of possibilities that exhaust even the capacities of large computers.盡即使是大型計算機容程序試量的可圖解決能性連這類的鎖爆炸問題。不

久就產(chǎn)生了能夠耗30.The point of the whole perception process is to produce a condensed representation to substitute for the unmanageably immense, raw input data.些無法管整個感知過程的關(guān)鍵點是產(chǎn)生一個精煉的表達，用以代替那理的、海量的原始輸入數(shù)據(jù)。

翻譯

1organized、A computer is a fast and accurate symbol manipulating system that is under explains why a computer is a system and how a computer system is the to direction accept, of store, a stored and process program data of and instructions, produce this out section results organized.接收、存計儲、處算機是理數(shù)據(jù)并一種快速、在存儲精確的符程序指號操作令指導系統(tǒng)下產(chǎn)生,這結(jié)果是有組,這織的部分解釋了計算機系統(tǒng)和計算機系統(tǒng)組成的。

2plastic tapes or flexible or floppy plastic disks are popular.、Devices that read data magnetically recorded on specially 方式記錄在專門涂粉塑料磁帶或軟盤上的數(shù)據(jù)的設備很常讀取以coated 見的。磁化 3system: the primary storage section, the arithmetic、There are three main sections found in the CPU of a typical computer the control section.But these three sections aren’t unique to personal – logic section, and computer: they are found in CPUs of all sizes.統(tǒng)中央處理器(CPU)中發(fā)現(xiàn)有三個主要部分：在一:個典型主存儲器部分、算的計算機系術(shù)-邏輯部件、控制部分。但這三個部分并非是個人電腦中獨一無二的:他們被發(fā)現(xiàn)在各種規(guī)格的cpu中。

4called peripheral devices(or just peripherals).This terminology refers to、The input/output and secondary storage units shown are sometimes the fact that although these devices are not a part of the CPU, they are often located near it.設備(或只是周邊設備輸入)。這一術(shù)語指的是這樣一個事實/輸出和二次存儲單元顯示有時被稱為:盡管這些外圍設備并不CPU的一部分,但他們通常很靠近它。

5computers that do not computer directly with numbers.Rather, they deal、In contrast to digital processors, however, there are also analog with recorded to some predetermined degree of accuracyvariables that are measured analog a continuous 器對照，也存在模擬計算機不直接與數(shù)字計算機關(guān)聯(lián).然而scale ,。相反與數(shù)字and ,處理are 他們處理一些模擬連續(xù)的被測變量和記錄下來的預定精確度的變量。6those with CPUs the size of a dime.Generally、Modern computers vary in physical size from those that fill rooms to greater is its processing speed, storage capacity, the larger the system, the system are better equipped to handle a greater number of more powerful , and cost.Also, the larger input and output devices.中央處理器(cpu)不同。一現(xiàn)般來說代計算,機在外系統(tǒng)越表尺寸大,其處上和那理速度些小容、存儲量的容量和成本就越大。同時,系統(tǒng)越大，就越有更好的條件來裝備更多的更強大的輸入和輸出設備。7the relatively weak signal obtained from the antenna , to filter or select、The functions of the receiver are to amplify or increase the strength of the desired radio frequency signal from the signals of all other broadcast stations , to recover the audio signal from the amplitude variations of the radio frequency signal , and to drive a loudspeaker with this audio signal.接收器的功能放大或增加從天線處獲得的強度相對較弱信號,從其他所有的廣播信號中過濾或者選擇所需的射頻信號,從振幅的變化的無線電頻率信號中恢復音頻信號，并用此音頻信號驅(qū)動揚聲器。8with locating and removing any small errors that might be added to the、In measurement system , therefore , one expects to be concerned signal at each step of the processing sequence.任何一項希望涉及定位和消除任何微小錯誤的程序因此,在測都可能被添加量控制系統(tǒng),到處理程序的每一步

9the、In this case , the thermostat contains the input device for determining temperature is varied), a mechanism for setting the desired temperature room temperature(normally a bimetallic strip that bends as its(the set point dial), and mechanical switches, activated by the bimetallic strip, which control the furnace.室溫的輸入設備(通常隨著溫度變化而彎曲雙金屬片在這種情況下,自動調(diào)溫),器設置所需溫,包含確定度的機械設備（設定值刻度盤）,和經(jīng)控制爐雙層金屬片活化了的機械開關(guān).10OFF、(if the furnace were on all the time)or drop to some minimum(if the , the temperature of the room would either rise to some maximum Suppose there were no mechanism for turning the furnace ON of furnace were off all the time).將上升到某一最大值(如果爐一直是開的設想爐上沒有關(guān))或下降到某一最小值閉的旋鈕，房間的溫度(如果爐一直是關(guān)的).11maintain、In fact, the same strategy is employed in living organisms to functions.This is natural process control.temperature, fluid flow rate, and 持生物溫度、流體流量,以及一大堆其他事實上a host of other biological 的生物,相同的策功能。略是用這是自于保然的過程控制。

12regardless of external influences.、To regulate means to maintain that quantity at some desired value 保持在某一期望值。調(diào)節(jié)意味著不管外界的影響將數(shù)量13human can bring the level to the set point value H and maintain it there、By a succession of incremental opening and closing of the valve, the by continuous monitoring of the sight tube and adjustment of the value.The height is regulated.控制到設定點H，并通過通過持續(xù)增連續(xù)的加閥門監(jiān)視液的開關(guān)位指示度，人管和調(diào)們可將整閥門液位可將液位保持在那。

14systems, but the dynamic differences between regulation and tracking、The strategy for servomechanisms is similar to process – control result in differences in design and operation of the control system.器與過程-控制系統(tǒng)相似,但是，調(diào)控和跟蹤的動態(tài)差異導致了跟蹤它在設計和控制系統(tǒng)操作方面的差別

15control , or both , there are certain basic requirements that tend to be、Whether the application involves continuous control , discrete common to nearly all process control applications.涉及連續(xù)控制,離散控制,或者兩者都有,都有一些常見的對幾乎所不論這些應用是否有的過程控制都應用的基本要求。16process.、The controller must be able to respond to incoming signals from the computer Depending on the relative importance of service interrupt is often triggered by abnormal operating conditions, indicating a may higher need priority to interrupt need of execution the process.of a A current the signals, process program the – initiated to that some corrective action must be taken promptly夠回應從過程中引入的信號。根據(jù)信號的相對重要性.該控制器,計算機必須可能能經(jīng)常需要中斷一個當前的程序而去執(zhí)行一個具有更高優(yōu)先級的程序。一個過程啟動中斷經(jīng)常是在不正常的工作條件下調(diào)用,表明一些校正動作必須及時執(zhí)行。

17means that the continuous signal is substituted with a series of numerical、When the data consist of a continuous analog signal, sampling values that represent the continuous signal at discrete moments in time.當這些數(shù)據(jù)是由一個連續(xù)的模擬信號組成時,采樣意味著連續(xù)信號被一系列在時間上離散的代表連續(xù)信號的數(shù)值取代。18of two or more devices and preventing one device from interfering with、An interlock is a safeguard mechanism for coordinating the activities the other(s).In process control, interlocks provide a means by which the controller is able to sequence the activities in a work cell, ensuring that the actions piece of equipment begins its activityof one piece of equipment are completed 夠協(xié)調(diào)兩個或兩個以上設備的各項活動并且防止設.聯(lián)動裝置是一種保障機before the next 備受其他設備制，它能的干擾。在過程控制中，聯(lián)鎖裝置提供了一種方式,利用它控制器能夠使一個工作單元順序動作,以確保設備的一個部件的動作完成后，下一個部件才開始動作。

19generating and ―understanding‖ even fragments of a natural、It has been very difficult to develop computer systems capable of such 言的碎片as English.,如英語開，是非發(fā)計算機常困難系統(tǒng)能的。夠產(chǎn)生

和―理解‖甚至是自 language , 然語20computer science , and many techniques have been developed to enable、The design of database systems is an active subspecialty of the efficient representation , storage , and retrieval of large numbers of facts.多技術(shù)已經(jīng)發(fā)展到使有效表示法、存儲和檢索大量數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)的設計是計算機科學的一個活躍的附屬專業(yè)的事實成為可,許能。

21knowledge in many important fields is often imprecise , uncertain , or、This problem is made more difficult by the fact that the expert anecdotal(though human experts use such knowledge to arrive at useful conclusions)或有趣的(盡管人類專家使用這些知識得到有用的結(jié)論在許多重要領(lǐng)域的專家知識常常是不嚴密的、)這個事實不確定使問題變得更加困難.22problem is to find a minimum distance tour , starting at one of several、A classical example is the traveling salesman’s problem , where the cities , visiting each city precisely once , and returning to the starting city.The problem generalizes to one of finding a minimum cost path over the edges of a graph containing n nodes such that the path visits each of the n nodes precisely once.題是要找到一個最小距離的旅游旅行商的問題就是,從幾個城市中的一個出發(fā)一個經(jīng)典的例子，這,個問每一個城市都精確訪問一次,并回到起始的城市。這個問題的概括了尋找在圖的邊包含n個節(jié)點的花費最少的路徑,如此能使這個路徑能一次性訪問每一個節(jié)點.詞匯

peripheral devices摸屏 flexible or floppy 外圍設備plasticprocess speeddisks軟磁盤處 理速度discretetouch screendata離散數(shù)據(jù)觸 storage electromagnetic capacitythermometerwaves存儲量電磁波 work stationaudio signal工作站音radio frequency射頻 器 controlling variable溫度計 ice bath控制量冰點槽 controlled variable digital display register頻信號 thermocouple 被控量 set point數(shù)字顯示設定值 reference value參數(shù)值 sight tube指示管 tracking control systemplc 跟蹤控制系統(tǒng) robot arm機械臂 external influences外部擾動連續(xù)控制programmabletimer initiated actionslogic controller采可編樣周期程控制 real-time control器 continuous 實時control控制 priority level理 predicate logic優(yōu)先級謂詞邏limit switch輯 Tsp=travelling salesman’s problem限位開關(guān)deductive reasoning演繹推旅行商問題 Np_complete=nondeterministic polynomial_conplete Np完全問題 information retrieval 信息檢索

Now Vthat 既然.Secondary storage unit.輔助modulation.ary…..from….to….不同的規(guī)?；虿町?Models型號存.Amplitude 儲單元Proportional to...調(diào)幅與 …Radio 成比例frequency A digital display register..射頻 Ice bath.數(shù)字冰顯示器點槽

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第二篇：自動化專業(yè)英語

1)the parameterization of the0controller0isC=X+MQ/Y-NQ。where N,M are right coprime factors of P,X,Y satisfy NX+MY=1,Q∈RH∞

2)According to the right coprime factorization of P, N=,M=,X=,Y=By the performance of the closed-loop system

N(0)[X(0)+M(0)Q(0)]=1 N(10j)[Y(10j)-N(10j)Q(10j)]=0，So take Q in the form Q(s)=x1+x2·1/s+1+x3·1/(x+

1)2

we can get the solution of Q。x1=,x2=,x3=,Q=Finally,the controller is C=

步驟:S=1-λ/λ代人 P(λ)=λ2/6λ2-5λ+1

X=-q2/r2 ,y=1+q1q2/r2 λ=1/s﹢1

N(S)=1/(s+1)2

M(s)=(s-1)(s-2)/(s+1)2 X(s)=19s-11/s+1Y(s)=s+6/s+1

C=X+MQ/Y-NQ

N(0)[X(0)+M(0)Q(0)]=1 N(10j)[Y(10j)-N(10j)Q(10j)]=0

Q(0)=6，Q(10j)=-94+70j Q(s)=x1+x2·1/s+1+x3·1/(x+

1)2

x1=-79 x2=-723 x3=808 Q(s)=(-79s2-881s+6)/(s+1)2C(s)=[-60s4-598s32

2+2515s-1794s+1]/[s(s+100)(s+9)]

A control system is stable if the number of encirclements of the(-1,0)point by the GH plot is equal to the number of poles of GH with positive real parts.The direction of encirclement must be in a direction opposite to τs.GH is on open loop transfer function.τs is open right half of s-plane.一個控制系統(tǒng)是穩(wěn)定的數(shù)量是否包圍的(1,0)點的GH圖的數(shù)量相等的兩極與積極的真實部分GH。被包圍的方向都必須在一個τs的相反方向。

“GH”是在開環(huán)傳遞函數(shù)上。τs在s-plane的右半平面開放。

二．The process of designing a control system generally involves many steps.A typical scenario is as follows:

1.Study the system to be controlled and decide what types of sensors and actuators will be used and where they will be placed.2.Model the resulting system to be controlled.3.Simplify the model if necessary so that it is tractable.4.Analyze the resulting model;determine its properties.5.Decide on performance specifications.6.Decide on the type of controller to be used.7.Design a controller to meet the specs, if possible;if not, modify the specs or generalize the type of controller sought.8.Simulate the resulting controlled system, either on a computer or in a pilot plant.9.Repeat from step 1 if necessary.10.Choose hardware and software and implement the controller.11.Tune the controller on-line if necessary.r．reference or command inputvsensor outputuactuating signal, plant inputdexternal disturbanceyplant output and measured signaln．sensor noise

第三篇：自動化專業(yè)英語-復習資料

自動化專業(yè)英語復習資料

1、純電感電壓由法拉第定律定義，法拉第定律指出：電感兩端的電壓正比于流過電感的電流隨時間的變化率。因此可得到：U?Ldidt，式中didt?電流變化率，安培秒； L?感應系數(shù)，享利。

2、三相供電的機械和控制設備與相同額定容量的單相供電的設備相比： 體積小，重量輕，效率高。除了三相系統(tǒng)提供的上述優(yōu)點，三相電的傳輸需要的銅線僅僅是同樣功率大小單相電傳輸所需銅線的34。

?

3、第一個定律指出：在一般運算放大器電路中，可以假設輸入 端間的電壓為零，也就是說，U?U?。第二個定律

指出：在一般運算放大器電路中，兩個輸入電流可被假定為零：I??I??0。第一個定律是因為內(nèi)在增益A的值很大。例如，如果運算放大器的輸出是1V，并且A=100,000, 那么U?

因此可設U??U??10?5，這是一個非常小、可以忽略的數(shù)，?U?。第二個定律來自于運算放大器的內(nèi)部電路結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)使得基本上沒有電流流入任何一個輸入端。

4、簡單地說，半導體是這樣一種物質(zhì)，它能夠通過“摻雜”來產(chǎn)生多余的電子，又稱自由電子（N型）；或者產(chǎn)生“空穴”，又稱正電荷（P型）。由N型摻雜和P型摻雜處理的鍺或硅的單晶體可形成半導體二極管，它具有我們描述過的工作特性。晶體管以類似的方式形成，就象帶有公共中間層、背靠背的兩個二極管，公共中間層是以對等的方式向兩個邊緣層滲入而得，因此中間層比兩個邊緣層或邊緣區(qū)要薄的多。PNP 或 NPN(圖 1-2B-1)。這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)顯然是可行的。PNP或NPN被用于描述晶體管的兩個基本類型。因為晶體管包含兩個不同極性的區(qū)域（例如“P”區(qū)和“N”區(qū)），所以晶體管被叫作雙向器件，或雙向晶體管。

5、在十進制系統(tǒng)中，基數(shù)或底數(shù)為10，小數(shù)點左邊或右邊的每一個位都表示其權(quán)重增加或減少10的一次冪。在二進制系統(tǒng)中，底數(shù)為2，二進制小數(shù)點左邊或右邊的位具有的權(quán)重以2的冪次增加或減少。數(shù)字可被編碼為兩個電平的脈沖串，通常標為1或0，如圖1-3B-1所示。

6、二進制：1*2^5 + 0*2^4 + 1*2^3 + 0′*2^2 + 1*2^1 + 1*2^0 = 101011十進制： 32+0+8+0+2+1 =43。相反，在把十進制數(shù)43轉(zhuǎn)換為二進制形式的過程中，可使其連續(xù)被2除。每一次除后所得余數(shù)0或1即是二進制數(shù)的位數(shù)。十進制數(shù)43的轉(zhuǎn)化過程：等價于十進制數(shù)43的二進制數(shù)為101011。

7、十進制數(shù)24可被寫為八進制數(shù)30(3*8^1 +0*8^0)。八進制數(shù)字的二進制譯碼僅需要BCD表中三個最小的有效位，八進制數(shù)30的二進制譯碼為011 000。因為十進制數(shù)24用純二進制形式可寫為11000，用八進制譯碼形式可寫為011 000。

8、一個現(xiàn)代的電力系統(tǒng)由六個主要部分組成：（1）電站，（2）升壓變壓器（將發(fā)出來的電升壓至傳輸線所需高電壓），（3）傳輸線，（4）變電站（電壓降至配電線電壓等級），（5）配電線路，（6）降壓變壓器（將配電電壓降至用戶設備使用的電壓水平）。

9、這些互聯(lián)的電網(wǎng)是大型復雜系統(tǒng)，包括被不同組織操控的部分。這些系統(tǒng)可以節(jié)約開支，提高整體可靠性，但是也帶來了大范圍停電的風險。例如，2003年8月14日，美國和加拿大發(fā)生了歷史上最嚴重的停電事故。當時，這個區(qū)域-1-

61800兆瓦的電力供應中斷，五千萬人口受到影響。（一兆瓦大約可以滿足750居民的用電需求）。停電事件迫切要求更新老化設備，提出關(guān)于全國電網(wǎng)可靠性的問題。

10、CUP中央處理單元。計算機系統(tǒng)的核心是中央處理器單元（CPU）。一個典型的個人計算機系統(tǒng)的CPU有三部分：基本存儲部分，算術(shù)邏輯部分，控制部分。但是這三部分不是個人計算機獨有的，它們在所有型號的CPU中都能找到。

11、CAD是這樣的軟件，可以幫助工程師設計新產(chǎn)品、建筑、印刷線路板、橋梁和機場等土木工程；使他們從繪圖等繁瑣、累人和費時的工作中解脫出來。當工程師們著手設計時，他們要參考很多的有關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)、零件、材料和輔助材料的手冊以作為他們設計的選擇。CAD產(chǎn)品將以上內(nèi)容的手冊放在一系列的軟件庫中，因此可以給工程師提供各種信息，例如，元件、部件、工具和材料的名稱、尺寸、功能、性能、規(guī)格、形狀、顏色、制造商、價格等，所有這些都是工程設計所必須的。

12、CAM是工程師們用于分析產(chǎn)品和項目的軟件，它能給出制造或者構(gòu)造產(chǎn)品或者項目的建議。表示產(chǎn)品形狀、尺寸、結(jié)構(gòu)、組成和制造材料的數(shù)據(jù)、圖形和表格等將按軟件的需求輸入。接著，CAM軟件將給出加工的建議，例如，加工程序、加工所用的工具與設備、技術(shù)參數(shù)（如，公差、加工精度）以及特殊處理過程等。

13、計算機化的通訊。在這一領(lǐng)域的進步始于60年代初，那時的問題是把偏僻地區(qū)的計算機終端聯(lián)入中央計算機。這一問題的解決辦法是以異步的、低速的線為基礎(chǔ)，或者按星形拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)組成用專線聯(lián)絡每一臺終端機，或者以樹形拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)用多端線聯(lián)接多臺終端機。到了60年代末，由于出現(xiàn)分布式資源共享網(wǎng)絡，這一領(lǐng)域向前邁進一大步。目的是把地理上分布各處的計算機和用戶互聯(lián)起來，使連接到網(wǎng)絡中的全部用戶都可共享在這些地點開發(fā)出來的硬件和軟件資源。這些網(wǎng)絡的最顯著的一個例子就是ARPANET，它是1969年開始實施的一個網(wǎng)絡。

二、1、電路理論（Theory of Circuit）

2、模擬電子技術(shù)（Analog Electronics Technology）

3、數(shù)字電子技術(shù)（Digital Electronics Technology）

4、電力電子技術(shù)（Power Electronics Technology）

5、電磁場（Electromagnetic Field）

6、電機與拖動（Electric Motor and Electric Drive）

7、電力拖動自動控制系統(tǒng)（Electric Drive Automatic Control System）

8、自動控制理論（Automatic Control Theory）

9、現(xiàn)代控制理論（Modern Control Theory）

10、智能控制（Intelligent Control）

11、微機原理（Principal of Microcomputer）

12、計算機接口技術(shù)（Computer Interface Technology）

13、計算機控制技術(shù)（Computer Control Technology）

14、自動調(diào)節(jié)裝置（Automatic Regulators）

15、過程控制系統(tǒng)（Process Control System）

16、過程檢測及儀表（Process Measurement and Instrument）

17、單片機原理與應用（Principal and Application of Single-chip Computer）

18、可編程序控制器系統(tǒng)（Programmable Logical Controller System）

19、現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)（Field-bus Technology）

20、嵌入式系統(tǒng)（Embedded System）

21、供電技術(shù)（Power Supplying Technology）

22、計算機仿真（Computer Simulation）

23、信號分析與處理（Signal Analyzing and Processing）

24、集散控制系統(tǒng)（Distributed Control System）

25、樓宇自動化（Building Automation）

26、機器人學（Robotics）

三、45：four fifths

0.025：zero point zero two five

38.49：thirty-eight point four nine

2%：two per cent

52：the second power of five ；five to the power two

x：the square root of x

6?107：six times the seventh power of ten

?：plus； positive

?：minus； negative

?：Multiplied by； times

?；/：divided by

?：is equal to； equals

()：round brackets； parentheses

i；j：imaginary unit

a!：factorial a

sinx：sine of x

arcsinx：arc sine of x

?：the product of the terms indicated ?：the sum of the terms indicated

b'：b prime

b''：b second prime

b2：b sub two

bm''：b second prime sub m

dydx：the first derivative of y with respect to x dydx：the second derivative of y with respect to x 22

?b

a：Integral between limits a and b

x??：x approaches to infinity

a?b?c：a plus b is equal to c a?b?c：a minus b equals c

s?vt：s equals v multiplied by t v?st：v equals s divided by t

(a?b?c?d)e?f ：a plus b minus c multiplied byd , all divided by e equals f CR?G(1?GH)：C over R equals G divided by the sum of one plus H times G

第四篇：自動化專業(yè)英語重點

歐姆定律

Ohm’s law states that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance.法拉第定律

Faraday’s states that the voltage across the inductor is proportional to the rate of change with time of the current through the inductor.基爾霍夫第一定律

Kirchhoff’s first law states that the algebraic sum of the voltages around a closed loop is 0,or,in any closed loop, sum of the voltage rises must equal the sum of voltage drops.運放

The first law states that in normal op-amp circuits we may assume that the voltage difference between the input terminals is zero, that is, U+=U-.The second law states that in normal op-amp circuits both of the input currents may be assumed to be zero: I+=I-電路理論 theory of circuit

模擬電子技術(shù)analog electronics technology

數(shù)字電子技術(shù)digital electronics technology

電力電子技術(shù)power electronics technology

電磁場electromagnetic field

電機與拖動electric motor and electric drive

電力拖動自動控制系統(tǒng)electric drive automatic control system 自動控制理論automatic control theory

現(xiàn)代控制理論modern control theory

智能控制intelligent control

微機原理principle of microcomputer

計算機接口技術(shù)computer interface technology

計算機控制技術(shù)computer control technology

自動調(diào)節(jié)裝置automatic regulators

過程控制系統(tǒng)process control system

過程檢測及儀表process measurement and instrument

單片機原理與應用principle and application of single-chip computer 可編程序控制器系統(tǒng)programmable logical controller system 現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)fieldbus technology

嵌入式系統(tǒng)embedded system

供電技術(shù)power supplying technology

計算機仿真computer simulation

信號分析與處理signal analyzing and processing

集散控制系統(tǒng)distributed control system

樓宇自動化building automation

機器人學robotics

GTOgate turn-off thyristor門極可關(guān)斷晶閘管 GJTbipolar junction transistor雙極結(jié)型晶體管 SCR

第五篇：自動化專業(yè)英語03

PLC簡稱為可編程控制器PLC programmable controller for short

PLC開始應用于工業(yè)控制是在20世紀60年代PLC began to application in industrial control is in the 1960s

PLC的特點有PLC characteristic

編程簡單，可以現(xiàn)場修改程序，易于掌握Simple programming and can spot modify the program and easy to catch

維護方便Maintenance convenient

可靠性高，抗干擾性強High reliability and anti-interference is strong

體積小，重量輕，功耗低Small volume, light weight, low power consumption

功能強，通用性好Strong function, excellent versatility

PLC可以分為以下幾類PLC can be classified into the following categories

整體式PLC和模塊式PLCIntegral PLC and module type PLC

PLC的作用PLC role

用于開關(guān)邏輯控制，定時、計數(shù)控制Switching logic control, timing, counting control

用于閉環(huán)過程控制，數(shù)據(jù)處理，數(shù)字控制Used in closed loop of process control, data processing, digital control

隨著應用領(lǐng)域的日益擴大，PLC技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)品仍在繼續(xù)擴展As the fields of application, PLC technology and its growing product still continues to expand

其機構(gòu)不斷改進，功能日益增強，其性價比越來越高Its institutions continue to improve, the function, the ratio of growing increasingly high

PLC的組成PLC composition

中央處理單元The central processing unit 存儲器memory

輸入、輸出單元Input and output unit 單元電源Unit power

PLC programmable controller for short, Began to application in industrial control is in the 1960s.The characteristic of PLC, Simple programming and can spot modify the program and easy to catch, maintenance convenient.High reliability and anti-interference is strong.Small volume, light weight, low power consumption.PLC can be classified into the following categories.PLCIntegral PLC and module type PLC.PLC role, Switching logic control, timing, counting control.Used in closed loop of process control, data processing, digital control.As the fields of application, PLC technology and its growing product still continues to expand.Its institutions continue to improve, the function, the ratio of growing increasingly high.PLC composition, the central processing unit, memory,input and output unit, unit power.