第一篇：自動化專業(yè)英語4.1

（中間幾段沒修改）

4.1 Fields , Circuits And Circuit Parameters

Potential and Potential Difference

Electric charge is as fundamental a constituent of our Universe as the mass and energy.Indeed ,present physical theory supposes that all matter consists of particles ,the principal attributes of which are mass and electric charge.4.1場，電路和電路參數

勢和電位差

電荷是基本的組成為我們的宇宙物質和能量。事實上，目前的物理理論假設，所有的物質粒子組成，其中的主要屬性是質量和電荷。

Two kinds of charge are know ,arbitrarily designated positive and negative ,which are characterized by the experimental observation that ,understatic conditions ,separated like charges exert a mutual force of repulsion ,whilst unlike charges ,under similar conditions ,exert a force of attraction.Under these conditions the field of force associated with charge is referred to as an electric field

兩種已知的，被任意指定為正和負的電荷，通過實驗觀察表現出的特征是，它們在靜態(tài)條件下，分開的同類電荷受到一個相互排斥的作用力，同時，不同類的電荷，在相同條件下，受到一個吸引的作用力。在這種情況下，與電荷有關的力場被稱為電場。

The smallest known charge is that of a single electron, and, since this is much too small to adopt as a unit for all but a few special purposes ,a unit, the COULOMB, equal to 6.24*electrons ,has been chosen as the practiced(S.I.)unit.已知最小的電荷是單電子，因為單電子太小了而不采用它作為一個單位，除了個別特殊的目的外。所以引用了另一個單位庫倫，一庫倫等于6.24*個電子。被選為國際標準單位(SI)。

the magnitude of which is dependent upon the charges and their relative positions.As a consequence of their mutual forces, any system of charges possesses potential energy, since ,unless constrained ,the individual charges will move and energy will be released.As part of the theoretical structure this energy is ascribed to the electric field, and so it is possible to identify with every point in the field a level of energy

電場力大小取決于電荷之間他們的相對位置。因為是它們相互作用力的結果，任何有電荷的系統(tǒng)都存在電勢量，因為，如果沒有約束，自由電荷將移動和釋放能量。作為理論結構的一部分，這種能量歸因于電場。因此可以確定電場中每個點的能量大小。

When one of the charges is of unit magnitude ,and positive, the energy at the point defining its position is referred to as the POTENTIAL at that point ,and hence is measured(in S.I.units)in JOULES per COULOMB(J/C)or VOLTS.The POENTIAL DIFFERENCE between two points in a field is therefore the difference in energy ,per unit charge, at the two points.一個單位正電荷，在其定義的位置的能量稱為在這點的電勢，因此測量時用（在國際單位）焦耳每庫倫或伏特。因此在電場中兩點之間的電勢差是指這兩點每單位電荷的能量

Observation shows that the force experienced by a charge—measure of the electric field strength—arise with distance and diminishes to zero only at an infinite distance from the source charge(s).Therefore a point at infinity may be considered to be at zero potential.觀測表明，通過測量電場強度的電荷的力隨著距離產生然后只在距離源電荷無窮遠處減少到零。因此認為在無窮遠處的點為零電勢。

In practice, however, we are generally concerned with a datum of potential which is not zero—the most common being the earth’s surface considered as an equipotential.Since most of our experiment are earth-bound there is no need to take into account the potential of the earth with respect to the true zero datum.然而，在現實中，我們研究的對象通常不是零勢點，而最常見的是以地球表面作為等勢面參考。因為我們的大多數實驗是地球上沒有必要考慮地球的電勢是否是真正的零電勢。

The negative sign means that energy is required from an external source to move the charge from A to B.This energy is recoverable when the charge moves from B to A.Point B is said to be at a higher potential than point負號的意思是外部的能量移動電荷發(fā)從a到b所做的功。單電荷從b移動到a的時候這種能量是可恢復的。那么就說b是一個高電勢點。

Note that, since energy is scalar, it is not necessary to know the path followed by the charge in passing from A to

B(or from B to A)nor the law of variation of force with distance over this range.注意，因為能源是標量，它不需要知道電荷是從A到B的路徑（或從B到A的路徑）和在這個范圍內力的的變化規(guī)律。

If ,however, the data were in terms of force at each point of the field, this potential difference would be given by integrating the scalar product of the force(per unit charge)and displacement vectors over the distance AB: 然而，如果數據是根據電場中每一點處的力，那么電勢差用ab的距離與單位電荷所受電場力的標量積來表示。

Electric Current

When a charge is in motion relative to a “fixed” frame of reference, an additional force appears to an observer(equipped with a suitable detector)in the fixed frame, this force being referred to as a magnetic force.Analogously, the region of magnetic influence associated with the moving charge is called a magnetic field, because it has similar characteristics to the field of force of a magnet.It is usual to refer to moving charge by the term ELETRIC CURRENT, the intensity（強度）of which is equal to the time rate of charge transference between two points in a field.電流

當電荷相對于“固定”的參照物移動，會在固定參照物的觀察儀器上產生另一種力（用適當的檢測器），這個力被叫為電磁力。類似地，由運動電荷產生磁作用的區(qū)域被稱為磁場，因為它與磁力場有類似的特征。術語電流通常是指運動的電荷，其強度等于電場中兩個點間的單位時間內所通過的電荷。

In consequence, the relation connecting charge and current is:i(t)=dq/dt, where i=current ,and q=charge.因此，電荷與電流的關系為：i(t)=dq/dt,，其中i 指電流，和q指電荷

Unit current, therefore, flows when charge is transferred at the rate of 1 COULOMB/sec, i.e.6.24*electronic charges/sec, this current being designated 1 ampere(1A).It is important to appreciate, however, that when a current be from A to B it is not necessary for every individual charge to move the whole distance AB, but only that the average rate of charge transference should conform to equation i(t).。

因此，單位電流是指電荷以1庫倫每秒即6.24*10的18次方個電子每秒進行移動，這個電流稱為1「安培」

（A）。而且，這很好的去說明了，當電流從a流到b時并不需要每個自由電子去從a一直移動到b整段距離，而是只需要考慮電荷移動的平均速度，就能構造i（t）的方程。

The Electric Circuit

These and an other aspects of stationary.moving and accelerating charges are truly encompassed by Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory, but accepting certain restrictions, it is possible to apply a much simplified theory which is sufficiently accurate to describe a wide range of electrical phenomena and applications.Such a theory is referred to as CIRCUIT THEORY and is concerned with the transmission of energy from one point to another through the use of real devices such as generators wires, batteries, motors and transformers.電子電路

在這些固定的方面。麥克斯韋電磁理論是講關于加速移動的電子理論，雖有一定的限制。但可應用于比較簡單的實驗的理論。足夠準確的描述廣泛的電現象和應用。這個理論被作為對電路理論和一個點到另一個

點能量傳輸而言的標準理論。例如電機電線，電池，馬達和變壓器。

In this process, interest is focused less upon electric and magnetic fields than upon their circuit equivalents, potentialdifferences and currents.As the above section indicates, the field and circuit concepts are inseparably related, so it is a matter for philosophical argument whether energy transfer is effected by fields or by voltages and currents.Nevertheless, the usefulness of the circuit concept lies in the relatively simple solution of such problems which it permits.在這個過程中，主要集中電場和磁場和他們電路的電位差電流有密切的關系，正如上面所說，電場與電路是密不可分的。能量的轉換是通過電場改變電壓，電流而改變的。這是一個科學的觀點也存在問題他只適用于簡單的電路。

The transformation from field to circuit conceptualization consists in regarding currents as flowing from one physical device to another only through wires, which connect them together, and the characteristics of each device as being purely local;that is to say, the currents may be constant or time-dependent but not dependent on space coordinates in the circuit.Such a circuit is said to consist of lumped(rather than distributed)elements, and the restriction imply that only conduction currents are considered and that displacement currents are not.從現場的概念轉化為電路中包括關于為流動從一臺物理設備到另一只通過導線，電流，連接在一起，并作為being純粹的每個設備的local characteristics，這是對say，may be的currents常數或時間依賴性，但不依賴于空間坐標的電路。這種電路可分為集中（而不是分散）等元素的限制意味著，只有傳導電流，位移電流考慮是不是。

Conduction currents flow particularly easily in most metals, this property being due to the extremely large number of free electrons available as charge carriers in the crystal lattice.Thus, at normal temperatures, silver is the best of all conductors, with copper and aluminum only slightly inferior.傳導電流的流動，特別是在大多數金屬容易，此屬性是由于自由電子在晶格中電荷的數量極其龐大的。因此，在正常溫度下，銀是最好的所有導體，與只有稍差的銅和鋁。

Drift velocity is, under normal conditions of temperature, a much larger but random thermal agitation velocity which, since it does not contribute to the net transference of charge, is of no concern in the macroscopic view of current adopted here.The essential part of an electric circuit consists in its simplest form, of an energy source and an interconnected energy dissipation or conversion device, known as the load.漂移速度是，在正常條件下的溫度，一個更大的，但隨機熱攪拌速度，因為它沒有貢獻的凈轉移的電荷，是不關心在這里通過的電流的宏觀圖。的電路的主要部分的包括在其最簡單的形式中，能量源和一個相互關聯的能量耗散或轉換裝置的，被稱為負載。

practical energy source may take one of many Energy Source

A forms, depending, for example, on electro-chemical, electromagnetic, thermo-electric, photo-electric, etc.., principle, but for the purpose of circuit analysis only two idealized form are recognized, to one of which all practical sources approximate.These are: 1 the voltage source and 2 the current source.實際的能源來源可以采取許多能源來源之一

一個形式，這取決于例如，在電化學，電磁，熱，電，光電等。，原則，但對于只有兩個電路分析的目的是公認的理想形式，其中之一便是一切可行的來源近似。它們是：1，電壓源和電流源2。

The voltage source maintains a constant terminal voltage irrespective of the current supplied to the load.It is important to appreciate that the voltage may be afunction of, for example, time, temperature, pressure, etc.;it is constant only with respect to variations of load.電壓源的端電壓保持恒定的，不論對當前提供給負載。重要的是要明白，電壓可能是一個函數關于，例如，時間，溫度，壓力等，它是恒定的只考慮負載的變化。

The current source maintains a constant current in the load irrespective of the terminal voltage-which, in the case, is determined by the magnitude of the load.As with the voltage source, the generated current may depend on many other factors, but its one essential attribute is its independence of load.電流源保持恒定的電流在負載里，不論末端電壓如何，既然這樣，是由負載的大小決定的。與電壓源一樣，生成的電流可能取決于其他許多因素，但其本質屬性是它獨立負載。

Power and Energy

The definitions of potential and potential difference lead to the following relationships: the energy, w, expanded in moving a charge q through a potential difference(p.d.)v is given by: w= qv, hence,dw/dt=v*dq/dt=vi.The rate of expenditure of energy is define as the power p.Hence, in general the power is givens by p(t)=v(t)*i(t)and is measured in WATTS when v and I are in volts and amperes, respectively.If power p(t)is expended for time T, the total energy expended(or stored)is :

電力和能源

潛在的定義和潛在的差異導致的以下幾個關系：能源，功，動議通過電位差（PD）的V是給予一個電荷q擴大為：w= qv，因此，dw/dt=v*dq/dt=vi。

對能量消耗率定義為權力頁因此，在一般的權力是由P吉文斯（噸）=五（噸）*我（噸），并以瓦時測v和我為伏特和安培，分別。

如果功率P（t）是為時間T，總能量消耗（或存儲）花費是：

The load

By a method similar to that adopted for energy sources, the load-or passive element of a circuit---may be idealized and defined by its terminal voltage/current relationship.All practical passive devices possess energy dissipative properties, often accompanied by energy-storage properties so that three distinct idealized types are possible.負載

通過類似的方法，對能源通過負載或電路---可能是理想化，其端點電壓/電流關系因素。所有實際的被動設備具有能量耗散屬性,常伴有儲能屬性,這樣三個不同的理想化的類型是可能的。

1.The resistance parameter

A circuit which dissipates energy but stores none is said to consist solely of resistance.The property is defined by the relationship: R=v(t)/i(t), where R is the resistance in OHMS if v(t)and i(t)are volts and amperes, respectively, and this equation is known as Ohm’s Law.1，電阻參數

一個電路只消耗能量而不儲存能量，那只含有電阻。該屬性由關系式R=v(t)/i(t)定義的，如果V（t）和i（t）的單位分別是伏特和安培，那么R的單位為歐姆，這個公式被稱為歐姆定律。

The corresponding diagrammatic representation is shown in Figure 4.2(a)which also shows the positive directions of p.d.and current.It should be noted that, unlike an active element, a passive element develops a potential difference in opposition to the current flow so that there is a fall of potential through the element in the direction of the current flow.相應的圖解見圖4.2（1）該表注明了電流和電勢差的正方向。應當指出的是，不同于有源元件，無源元件是與電流流向相反產生電位差的，使得無源元件中電勢是隨著電流的流向逐降低的。

For this reason the terminal p.d.is called a potential drop or voltage drop.The element which possesses resistance is termed is a resistor.由于這個原因，端電壓稱為一個電勢的下降或電壓下降。具有電阻的元件被稱為是一個電阻器。

The reciprocal of resistance is conductance designated by the symbol G.Thus, G=1/R, the units of G being siemens, or reciprocal ohms.Hence, an alternative form of Ohm’s Law is: i(t)=v(t)G.電阻的倒數為電導，用符號G的表示，因此，G=1 / R，G的單位是西門子，或歐姆的倒數。因此，另一種形式的歐姆定律是：I（T）= V（T）G

The Power dissipated, v(t)i(t),may be written in terms of resistance(or conductance)and voltage or current only;thus,因此，功率，v(t)i(t)，也可以只用電流或者電壓中一個來和由電阻（電導）組合表示.：

2.The Inductance Parameter

A circuit is said to possess inductance if it is able to store magnetic field energy.The property is defined by the relationship v(t)=L*di(t)/d(t), where L is the inductance, the units of which are HENRYS if v and I are in volts and amperes, respectively, and t is in seconds.A p.d.of 1 V will, therefore, cause the current to change at the rate of 1 A/sec in an inductance of 1H.The circuit representation of the inductance parameter is shown in Figure 4.2(b).2，電感參數

如果一個電路是能夠存儲磁場能量，則這個電路是感性電路。該性質是由v(t)=L*di(t)/d(t)定義的，其中L是電感，單位是亨利,電壓的單位是伏特,電流的單位是安培，時間單位是秒。因此，1 V可導致電流變化率1A / 1秒的1H電感。該電感參數電路如圖所示代表4.2（b）項。

Equation may also be written in general integral form:

The element which possesses inductance is termed an inductor.And the power, v(t)i(t), may be writen: p(t)=L*I(t)*di(t)/dt, and is non-zero only when di(t)/dt has a value.Hence for a steady current i(t)=I, p(t)=0, but for the current I to have been established, p(t)has contributed to the stored energy:where T is the time taken for the current to build up to I.公式也可以寫成一般積分形式：

擁有的元素被稱為電感的電感。

功率，電壓電流，可寫：p(t)=L*I(t)*di(t)/dt,，di(t)/dt不等于零，有一個值。因此，對于一個穩(wěn)定的電流i（t）=I，p(t)=0，但對目前我已經確定，功率有助于儲存能量，其中T是所用的時間，I是電流。

3.The capacitance parameter 3。電容參數

A circuit which is able to store electrostatic field energy is said to possess capacitance.The property is defined in terms of the electric charge stored per unit of potential difference at its terminals, according to the equation: q(t)=Cv(t), where C is the capacitance, the units of which are FARADS when v and q are in volts and coulombs, respectively.Hence, a capacitance of 1 F stores a charge of 1C for a terminal p.d.of 1V.Combining equations gives: I(t)=C dv(t)/dt with t in seconds.一個電路能夠存儲靜電場能量便是具有容性。性質由其端子在電荷存儲每單位電勢定義的，其根據公式：q(t)=Cv(t)，當v和Q分別是伏特和庫時，其中C是電容，單位是法拉。因此，一個1F電容存儲1C的電荷時末端電勢1V。結合方程可得：I(t)=C dv(t)/dt，時間電位是秒。

Thus, a current of 1A flows into a capacitance of 1 F when the terminal voltage changes at the rate of 1V/sec.因此，1A電流流入1 F的電容時，端電壓變化率為1V/sec。

And the equation may be rewritten in general integral form :

而方程可重寫為一般積分形式：

The element which possesses capacitance is termed a capacitor, and its circuit representation is illustrated in Figure 4.2.(c).該元素具有電容被稱為一個電容器，其電路圖說明如圖4.2。

The power,v(t)i(t), may be written: p(t)=C*v(t)*dv(t)/dt and is non-zero only when dv(t)/dt has a value.Hence, for a steady voltage v(t)=V, say, p(t)=0,but for the voltage V to have built up on the capacitor, p(t)has contributed to the stored energy,where T is the time taken for the voltage to have built up to V.功率，v(t)i(t)，可寫為：p(t)=C*v(t)*dv(t)/dt，當dv(t)/dt不等于零時才有意義。因此，對于一個穩(wěn)定電壓v(t)=V，表示p(t)=0，但對有電壓V的電容器，功率有助于儲存能量，其中T是所用的時間，V是電壓。

Equations v(t)= L*di(t)/dt and I(t)=C*dv(t)/dt show that step discontinuities are not possible in the current through inductance nor in the voltage across capacitance, since such steps would require, respectively, infinite voltage and infinite current.The ideas implicit in these restrictions are important in the analysis of circuits containing inductance and capacitance since they enable the initial conditions to be defined.方程v(t)= L*di(t)/dt和I(t)=C*dv(t)/dt顯示，步驟不連續(xù)電流是不可能通過電感或電壓儲在電容，由于這樣的步驟分別需要無限大的電壓和無限大的電流。在這限制的條件下，對電感和電容的電路的分析是重要的，因為這是定義它們的初始條件

第二篇：自動化專業(yè)英語

1)the parameterization of the0controller0isC=X+MQ/Y-NQ。where N,M are right coprime factors of P,X,Y satisfy NX+MY=1,Q∈RH∞

2)According to the right coprime factorization of P, N=,M=,X=,Y=By the performance of the closed-loop system

N(0)[X(0)+M(0)Q(0)]=1 N(10j)[Y(10j)-N(10j)Q(10j)]=0，So take Q in the form Q(s)=x1+x2·1/s+1+x3·1/(x+

1)2

we can get the solution of Q。x1=,x2=,x3=,Q=Finally,the controller is C=

步驟:S=1-λ/λ代人 P(λ)=λ2/6λ2-5λ+1

X=-q2/r2 ,y=1+q1q2/r2 λ=1/s﹢1

N(S)=1/(s+1)2

M(s)=(s-1)(s-2)/(s+1)2 X(s)=19s-11/s+1Y(s)=s+6/s+1

C=X+MQ/Y-NQ

N(0)[X(0)+M(0)Q(0)]=1 N(10j)[Y(10j)-N(10j)Q(10j)]=0

Q(0)=6，Q(10j)=-94+70j Q(s)=x1+x2·1/s+1+x3·1/(x+

1)2

x1=-79 x2=-723 x3=808 Q(s)=(-79s2-881s+6)/(s+1)2C(s)=[-60s4-598s32

2+2515s-1794s+1]/[s(s+100)(s+9)]

A control system is stable if the number of encirclements of the(-1,0)point by the GH plot is equal to the number of poles of GH with positive real parts.The direction of encirclement must be in a direction opposite to τs.GH is on open loop transfer function.τs is open right half of s-plane.一個控制系統(tǒng)是穩(wěn)定的數量是否包圍的(1,0)點的GH圖的數量相等的兩極與積極的真實部分GH。被包圍的方向都必須在一個τs的相反方向。

“GH”是在開環(huán)傳遞函數上。τs在s-plane的右半平面開放。

二．The process of designing a control system generally involves many steps.A typical scenario is as follows:

1.Study the system to be controlled and decide what types of sensors and actuators will be used and where they will be placed.2.Model the resulting system to be controlled.3.Simplify the model if necessary so that it is tractable.4.Analyze the resulting model;determine its properties.5.Decide on performance specifications.6.Decide on the type of controller to be used.7.Design a controller to meet the specs, if possible;if not, modify the specs or generalize the type of controller sought.8.Simulate the resulting controlled system, either on a computer or in a pilot plant.9.Repeat from step 1 if necessary.10.Choose hardware and software and implement the controller.11.Tune the controller on-line if necessary.r．reference or command inputvsensor outputuactuating signal, plant inputdexternal disturbanceyplant output and measured signaln．sensor noise

第三篇：自動化專業(yè)英語中英對照

自動化專業(yè)英語中英文對照 retarding torque 制動轉矩

inductive component 感性（無功）分量 abscissa axis 橫坐標

induction generator 感應發(fā)電機

synchronous generator 同步發(fā)電機automatic station 無人值守電站hydropower station 水電站

process of self – excitation 自勵過程auxiliary motor 輔助電動機

technical specifications 技術條件voltage across the terminals 端電壓steady – state condition 瞬態(tài) 暫態(tài)reactive in respect to 相對….呈感性active in respect to 相對….呈阻性synchronous condenser 同步進相（調相）機

coincide in phase with 與….同相synchronous reactance 同步電抗algebraic 代數的algorithmic 算法的biphase 雙相的bilateral circuit 雙向電路bimotored 雙馬達的corridor 通路

shunt displacement current 旁路位移電流

leakage 泄漏

lightning shielding 避雷harmonic 諧波的insulator string 絕緣子串neutral 中性的zero sequence current 零序電流sinusoidal 正弦的square平方

corona 電暈,放電bypass 旁路

voltmeter 電壓表ammeter 電流表micrometer 千分尺thermometer 溫度計watt-hour meter 電度表wattmeter 電力表private line 專用線路diameter 直徑centimeter 厘米

restriking 電弧再觸發(fā)magnitude 振幅oscillation 振蕩auxiliary 輔助的protective gap 保護性間隙放電receptacle 插座

lightning arrester 避雷裝置bushing 套管trigger 起動裝置stress 應力

deterioration 損壞,磨損spark gap 火花放電隙traveling-wave 行波

wye-connected 星形連接enclosure 設備外殼live conductor 帶電導體fuse 熔斷器

structural 結構上的out-of-step 不同步的resynchronize 再同步synchroscops 同步指示器

automatic oscillograph 自動示波器nominally 標稱sampling 采樣

potential transformer 電壓互感器fraction 分數

switchyard 戶外配電裝置hazard 危險bushing 高壓套contact 觸點

energize 勵磁trip coil 跳閘線圈

over-current relay 過電流繼電器armature 銜鐵

pickup current 始動電流release current 釋放電流solenoid relay 螺管式繼電器

induction-disc relay 感應圓盤式繼電器cast-aluminum rotor 鑄鋁轉子bronze 青銅horsepower 馬力random-wound 散繞insulation 絕緣

ac motor 交流環(huán)電動機end ring 端環(huán)alloy 合金

inverse time relay 反時限繼電器hydraulic 液力的dashpot 阻尼器pneumatic 氣動的permanent magnet 永磁體electrical stressing 電氣應力mechanical stressing 機械應力deviation 偏差

third harmonic voltage 三次諧波電壓induction machine 感應式電機horseshoe magnet 馬蹄形磁鐵magnetic field 磁場eddy current 渦流

right-hand rule 右手定則left-hand rule 左手定則slip 轉差率

induction motor 感應電動機rotating magnetic field 旋轉磁場winding 繞組stator 定子rotor 轉子

induced current 感生電流time-phase 時間相位

exciting voltage 勵磁電壓solt 槽

lamination 疊片

laminated core 疊片鐵芯short-circuiting ring 短路環(huán)squirrel cage 鼠籠rotor core 轉子鐵芯coil winding 線圈繞組form-wound 模繞

performance characteristic 工作特性frequency 頻率

revolutions per minute 轉/分motoring 電動機驅動generating 發(fā)電

per-unit value 標么值

breakdown torque 極限轉矩breakaway force 起步阻力overhauling 檢修

wind-driven generator 風動發(fā)電機revolutions per second 轉/秒number of poles 極數

speed-torque curve 轉速力矩特性曲線plugging 反向制動

synchronous speed 同步轉速percentage 百分數

locked-rotor torque 鎖定轉子轉矩full-load torque 滿載轉矩prime mover 原動機

inrush current 涌流magnetizing reacance 磁化電抗

line-to-neutral 線與中性點間的staor winding 定子繞組leakage reactance 漏磁電抗no-load 空載full load 滿載

Polyphase 多相(的)iron-loss 鐵損

complex impedance 復數阻抗rotor resistance 轉子電阻leakage flux 漏磁通locked-rotor 鎖定轉子chopper circuit 斬波電路separately excited 他勵的compounded 復勵dc motor 直流電動機de machine 直流電機speed regulation 速度調節(jié)shunt 并勵series 串勵

armature circuit 電樞電路optical fiber 光纖interoffice 局間的waveguide 波導 波導管bandwidth 帶寬

light emitting diode 發(fā)光二極管silica 硅石 二氧化硅

regeneration 再生, 后反饋放大coaxial 共軸的,同軸的high-performance 高性能的carrier 載波mature 成熟的Single Side Band(SSB)單邊帶coupling capacitor 結合電容propagate 傳導 傳播modulator 調制器demodulator 解調器line trap 限波器shunt 分路器

Amplitude Modulation(AM 調幅

Frequency Shift Keying(FSK)移頻鍵控

tuner 調諧器attenuate 衰減incident 入射的two-way configuration 二線制generator voltage 發(fā)電機電壓dc generator 直流發(fā)電機

polyphase rectifier 多相整流器boost 增壓

time constant 時間常數

forward transfer function 正向傳遞函數

error signal 誤差信號regulator 調節(jié)器

stabilizing transformer 穩(wěn)定變壓器time delay 延時

direct axis transient time constant 直軸瞬變時間常數

transient response 瞬態(tài)響應solid state 固體buck 補償

operational calculus 算符演算gain 增益pole 極點

feedback signal 反饋信號dynamic response 動態(tài)響應

voltage control system 電壓控制系統(tǒng)mismatch 失配

error detector 誤差檢測器excitation system 勵磁系統(tǒng)field current 勵磁電流transistor 晶體管high-gain 高增益boost-buck 升壓去磁

feedback system 反饋系統(tǒng)reactive power 無功功率feedback loop 反饋回路

automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自動電壓調整器

reference Voltage 基準電壓magnetic amplifier 磁放大器amplidyne 微場擴流發(fā)電機self-exciting 自勵的limiter 限幅器

manual control 手動控制block diagram 方框圖linear zone 線性區(qū)

potential transformer 電壓互感器stabilization network 穩(wěn)定網絡stabilizer 穩(wěn)定器

air-gap flux 氣隙磁通saturation effect 飽和效應saturation curve 飽和曲線flux linkage 磁鏈per unit value 標么值shunt field 并勵磁場magnetic circuit 磁路

load-saturation curve 負載飽和曲線air-gap line 氣隙磁化線

polyphase rectifier 多相整流器circuit components 電路元件

circuit parameters 電路參數electrical device 電氣設備electric energy 電能primary cell 原生電池

energy converter 電能轉換器conductor 導體

heating appliance 電熱器direct-current 直流

time invariant 時不變的self-inductor 自感mutual-inductor 互感the dielectric 電介質storage battery 蓄電池

e.m.f = electromotive fore 電動勢unidirectional current 單方向性電流circuit diagram 電路圖

load characteristic 負載特性terminal voltage 端電壓

external characteristic 外特性conductance 電導volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性carbon-filament lamp 碳絲燈泡ideal source 理想電源internal resistance 內阻

active(passive)circuit elements 有（無）源電路元件

leakage current 漏電流circuit branch 支路

P.D.= potential drop 電壓降potential distribution 電位分布

r.m.s values = root mean square values 均方根值

effective values 有效值

steady direct current 恒穩(wěn)直流電

sinusoidal time function 正弦時間函數complex number 復數

Cartesian coordinates 笛卡兒坐標系modulus 模real part 實部

imaginary part 虛部

displacement current 位移電流

trigonometric transformations 瞬時值epoch angle 初相角

phase displacement 相位差signal amplifier 小信號放大器mid-frequency band 中頻帶

bipolar junction transistor(BJT)雙極性晶體管

field effect transistor(FET)場效應管electrode 電極 電焊條polarity 極性gain 增益

isolation 隔離 分離 絕緣 隔振emitter 發(fā)射管 放射器 發(fā)射極collector 集電極base 基極

self-bias resistor 自偏置電阻triangular symbol 三角符號

phase reversal 反相

infinite voltage gain 無窮大電壓增益feedback component 反饋元件differentiation 微分integration 積分下限impedance 阻抗fidelity 保真度

summing circuit 總和線路 反饋系統(tǒng)中的比較環(huán)節(jié)

Oscillation 振蕩inverse 倒數admittance 導納transformer 變壓器turns ratio 變比 匝比ampere-turns 安匝(數)mutual flux 交互(主)磁通vector equation 向(相)量方程power frequency 工頻

capacitance effect 電容效應induction machine 感應電機shunt excited 并勵series excited 串勵separately excited 他勵self excited 自勵

field winding 磁場繞組 勵磁繞組speed-torque characteristic 速度轉矩特性

dynamic-state operation 動態(tài)運行salient poles 凸極excited by 勵磁field coils 勵磁線圈

air-gap flux distribution 氣隙磁通分布direct axis 直軸

armature coil 電樞線圈

rotating commutator 旋轉（整流子）換向器

commutator-brush combination 換向器-電刷總線

mechanical rectifier 機械式整流器armature m.m.f.wave 電樞磁勢波Geometrical position 幾何位置magnetic torque 電磁轉矩spatial waveform 空間波形

sinusoidal – density wave 正弦磁密度

external armature circuit 電樞外電路instantaneous electric power 瞬時電功率

instantaneous mechanical power 瞬時機械功率

effects of saturation 飽和效應reluctance 磁阻

power amplifier 功率放大器compound generator 復勵發(fā)電機rheostat 變阻器

self – excitation process 自勵過程commutation condition 換向狀況

cumulatively compounded motor 積復勵電動機

operating condition 運行狀態(tài)

equivalent T – circuit T型等值電路rotor(stator)winding 轉子（定子繞組）winding loss 繞組（銅）損耗prime motor 原動機

active component 有功分量reactive component 無功分量electromagnetic torque 電磁轉矩

第四篇：電氣工程及其自動化專業(yè)英語

induction machine 感應式電機 horseshoe magnet 馬蹄形磁鐵 magnetic field 磁場 eddy current 渦流 right-hand rule 右手定則 left-hand rule 左手定則 slip 轉差率 induction motor 感應電動機 rotating magnetic field 旋轉磁場 winding 繞組 stator 定子 rotor 轉子 induced current 感生電流 time-phase 時間相位 exciting voltage 勵磁電壓 solt 槽 lamination 疊片 laminated core 疊片鐵芯 short-circuiting ring 短路環(huán) squirrel cage 鼠籠 rotor core 轉子鐵芯 cast-aluminum rotor 鑄鋁轉子 bronze 青銅 horsepower 馬力 random-wound 散繞 insulation 絕緣 ac motor 交流環(huán)電動機 end ring 端環(huán) alloy 合金 coil winding 線圈繞組 form-wound 模繞 performance characteristic 工作特性 frequency 頻率

revolutions per minute 轉/分 分 motoring 電動機驅動 generating 發(fā)電 per-unit value 標么值 breakdown torque 極限轉矩 breakaway force 起步阻力 overhauling 檢修 wind-driven generator 風動發(fā)電機 revolutions per second 轉/秒 秒 number of poles 極數 speed-torque curve 轉速力矩特性曲線 plugging 反向制動 synchronous speed 同步轉速 percentage 百分數 locked-rotor torque 鎖定轉子轉矩 full-load torque 滿載轉矩 prime mover 原動機 inrush current 涌流 magnetizing reacance 磁化電抗 line-to-neutral 線與中性點間的 staor winding 定子繞組 leakage reactance 漏磁電抗 no-load 空載 full load 滿載 多相(的 Polyphase 多相 的)iron-loss 鐵損 complex impedance 復數阻抗 rotor resistance 轉子電阻 leakage flux 漏磁通 locked-rotor 鎖定轉子 chopper circuit 斬波電路 separately excited 他勵的 compounded 復勵 dc motor 直流電動機 de machine 直流電機 speed regulation 速度調節(jié) shunt 并勵 series 串勵 armature circuit 電樞電路 optical fiber 光纖 interoffice 局間的 wave guide 波導 波導管 bandwidth 帶寬 light emitting diode 發(fā)光二極管

silica 硅石 二氧化硅 regeneration 再生 后反饋放大 再生, coaxial 共軸的 同軸的 共軸的,同軸的 high-performance 高性能的 carrier 載波 mature 成熟的 Single Side Band(SSB)單邊帶 coupling capacitor 結合電容 propagate 傳導 傳播 modulator 調制器 demodulator 解調器 line trap 限波器 shunt 分路器 Amplitude Modulation(AM 調幅 Frequency Shift Keying(FSK)移頻鍵控 tuner 調諧器 attenuate 衰減 incident 入射的 two-way configuration 二線制 generator voltage 發(fā)電機電壓 dc generator 直流發(fā)電機 polyphase rectifier 多相整流器 boost 增壓 time constant 時間常數 forward transfer function 正向傳遞函數 error signal 誤差信號 regulator 調節(jié)器 stabilizing transformer 穩(wěn)定變壓器 time delay 延時 direct axis transient time constant 直軸瞬變時間常數 transient response 瞬態(tài)響應 solid state 固體 buck 補償 operational calculus 算符演算 gain 增益 pole 極點 feedback signal 反饋信號 dynamic response 動態(tài)響應 voltage control system 電壓控制系統(tǒng) mismatch 失配 error detector 誤差檢測器 excitation system 勵磁系統(tǒng) field current 勵磁電流 transistor 晶體管high-gain 高增益 boost-buck 升壓去磁 feedback system 反饋系統(tǒng) reactive power 無功功率 feedback loop 反饋回路 automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自動電壓調整器 自動電壓調整器 reference Voltage 基準電壓 magnetic amplifier 磁放大器 amplidyne 微場擴流發(fā)電機 self-exciting 自勵的 limiter 限幅器 manual control 手動控制 block diagram 方框圖 linear zone 線性區(qū) potential transformer 電壓互感器 stabilization network 穩(wěn)定網絡 stabilizer 穩(wěn)定器 air-gap flux 氣隙磁通 saturation effect 飽和效應 saturation curve 飽和曲線 flux linkage 磁鏈 per unit value 標么值 shunt field 并勵磁場 magnetic circuit 磁路 load-saturation curve 負載飽和曲線 air-gap line 氣隙磁化線 polyphase rectifier 多相整流器 circuit components 電路元件 circuit parameters 電路參數 electrical device 電氣設備 electric energy 電能 primary cell 原生電池 電能轉換器 energy converter 電能轉換器 conductor 導體 heating appliance 電熱器 direct-current 直流 time invariant 時不變的 self-inductor 自感 mutual-inductor 互感 the dielectric 電介質 storage battery 蓄電池 e.m.f = electromotive force

電動勢 generator 發(fā)電機 gas insulated substation GIS 氣體絕緣變電站 氣體絕緣變電站 turbogenerator 汽輪發(fā)電機 neutral point 中性點

hydrogenerator 水輪發(fā)電機 moving contact 動觸頭 hydraulic turbine 水輪機 fixed contact 靜觸頭 steam turbine 汽輪機 arc-extinguishing chamber 滅弧室 dynamo 直流發(fā)電機 stray capacitance 雜散電容 motor 電動機 stray inductance 雜散電感 stator 定子 sphere gap 球隙 rotor 轉子 bushing tap grounding wire 套管末屏接地線 power transformer 電力變壓器 electrostatic voltmeter 靜電電壓表 variable transformer 調壓變壓器 ammeter 電流表 taped transformer 多級變壓器 grounding capacitance 對地電容 step up(down)transformer 升(降)壓變壓器 voltage divider 分壓器 降 壓變壓器 circuit breaker CB 斷路器 surge impedance 波阻抗 dead tank oil circuit breaker 多油斷路器 Schering bridge 西林電橋 live tank oil circuit breaker 少油斷路器 Rogowski coil 羅可夫斯基線圈 vacuum circuit breaker 真空斷路器 oscilloscope 示波器 sulphur hexafluoride breaker SF6 斷路器 peak voltmeter 峰值電壓表 峰值電壓表 potential transformer PT 電壓互感器 conductor 導線 current transformer CT 電流互感器 cascade transformer 串級變壓器 disconnector 隔離開關 coupling capacitor 耦合電容 earthing switch 接地開關 test object 被試品 synchronous generator 同步發(fā)電機 detection impedance 檢測阻抗 asynchronous machine 異步電機 substation 變電站 Insulator 絕緣子 hydro power station 水力發(fā)電站 lightning arrester 避雷器 thermal power station 火力發(fā)電站 metal oxide arrester MOA 氧化鋅避雷器 nuclear power station 核電站 bus bar 母線 oil-filled power cable 充油電力電纜 overhead line 架空線 mixed divider(阻容 混合分壓器 阻容)混合分壓器 阻容 transmission line 傳輸線 XLPE cable 交鏈聚乙烯電纜(coaxial)cable(同軸 電纜 relay 繼電器 同軸)電纜 同軸 iron core 鐵芯 tuned circuit 調諧電路 winding 繞組 suspension insulator 懸式絕緣子 bushing 套管 porcelain insulator 陶瓷絕緣子 波頭(尾 電阻 front(tail)resistance 波頭 尾)電阻 glass insulator 玻璃絕緣子 inverter station 換流站 flash counter 雷電計數器 steel-reinforced aluminum conductor 充電(阻尼 阻尼)電阻 鋼芯鋁絞線 charging(damping)resistor 充電 阻尼 電阻 tank 箱體 point plane gap 針板間隙 earth(ground)wire 接地線 exciting winding 激磁繞組 grading ring 均壓環(huán) trigger electrode 觸發(fā)電極 highvoltage engineering 高電壓工程 glow discharge 輝光放電 highvoltage testing technology 高電壓試驗技術 harmonic 諧波 Power electronics 電力電子 Automatic control 自動控制 Principles of electric circuits 電路原理 Digital signal processing 數字信號處理

電氣工程專業(yè)英語詞匯表 2 power system 電力系統(tǒng) impulse current 沖擊電流 power network 電力網絡 impulse flashover 沖擊閃絡 insulation 絕緣 inhomogenous field 不均勻場 overvoltage 過電壓 insulation coordination 絕緣配合 aging 老化 internal discharge 內部放電 alternating current 交流電 lightning stroke 雷電波 AC transmission system 交流輸電系統(tǒng) lightning overvoltage 雷電過電壓 介質)損耗角 arc discharge 電弧放電 loss angle(介質 損耗角 介質 attachment coefficient 附著系數 magnetic field 磁場 attenuation factor 衰減系數 mean free path平均自由行程 anode(cathode)陽極 陰極 mean molecular velocity平均分子速度 陽極(陰極 陰極)breakdown(電)擊穿 negative ions 負離子 電 擊穿 bubble breakdown 氣泡擊穿 non-destructive testing 非破壞性試驗 cathode ray oscilloscope 陰極射線示波器 non-uniform field 不均勻場 cavity 空穴 腔 partial discharge 局部放電 空穴,腔 corona 電暈 peak reverse voltage 反向峰值電壓 composite insulation 組合絕緣 photoelectric emission 光電發(fā)射 critical breakdown voltage 臨界擊穿電壓 photon 光子 Discharge 放電 phase-to-phase voltage 線電壓 Dielectric 電介質 絕緣體 polarity effect 極性效應 電介質,絕緣體 dielectric constant 介質常數 power capacitor 電力電容 dielectric loss 介質損耗

quasi-uniform field 稍不均勻場 direct current 直流電 radio interference 無線干擾 divider ratio 分壓器分壓比 rating of equipment 設備額定值 grounding 接地 routing testing 常規(guī)試驗 electric field 電場 residual capacitance 殘余電容 electrochemical deterioration 電化學腐蝕 shielding 屏蔽 electron avalanche 電子崩 short circuit testing 短路試驗 electronegative gas 電負性氣體 space charge 空間電荷 epoxy resin 環(huán)氧樹脂 streamer breakdown 流注擊穿 expulsion gap 滅弧間隙 surface breakdown 表面擊穿 field strength 場強 sustained discharge 自持放電 field stress 電場力 switching overvoltage 操作過電壓 field distortion 場畸變 thermal breakdown 熱擊穿 field gradient 場梯度 treeing 樹枝放電 field emission 場致發(fā)射 uniform field 均勻場 flashover 閃絡 wave front(tail)波頭 尾)波頭(尾 gaseous insulation 氣體絕緣 withstand voltage 耐受電壓 Prime mover 原動機 Power factor 功率因數 Torque 力矩 Distribution automation system 配電網自動化系統(tǒng) Servomechanism 伺服系統(tǒng) Automatic meter reading 自動抄表 Boiler 鍋爐 Armature 電樞 Internal combustion engine 內燃機 Brush 電刷

Deenergize 斷電 Commutator 換向器 Underground cable 地下電纜 Counter emf 反電勢 電氣工程專業(yè)英語詞匯表 3 退磁,去磁 Loop system 環(huán)網系統(tǒng) Demagnetization 退磁 去磁 Distribution system 配電系統(tǒng) Relay panel 繼電器屏 Trip circuit 跳閘電路 Tertiary winding 第三繞組 Switchboard 配電盤 開關屏 Eddy current 渦流 配電盤,開關屏 Instrument transducer 測量互感器 Copper loss 銅損 Oil-impregnated paper 油浸紙絕緣 Iron loss 鐵損 Bare conductor 裸導線 Leakage flux 漏磁通 Reclosing 重合閘 Autotransformer 自耦變壓器 Distribution dispatch center 配電調度中心 Zero sequence current 零序電流 Pulverizer 磨煤機 Series(shunt)compensation 串(并)聯補償 并 聯補償 汽包,爐筒 Drum 汽包 爐筒 Restriking 電弧重燃 Superheater 過熱器 Automatic oscillograph 自動錄波儀 Peak-load 峰荷 Tidal current 潮流 Prime grid substation 主網變電站 Trip coil 跳閘線圈 Reactive power` 無功功率 Synchronous condenser 同步調相機 Active power 有功功率 Main and transfer busbar 單母線帶旁路 Shunt reactor 并聯電抗器 Feeder 饋電線 Blackout 斷電、停電 Skin effect 集膚效應 斷電、Extra-high voltage(EHV)超高壓 Potential stress 電位應力 電場強度 電位應力(電場強度 電場強度)Ultra-high voltage(UHV)特高壓 Capacitor bank 電容器組 Domestic load 民用電 crusher 碎煤機 Reserve capacity 備用容量 pulverizer 磨煤機 Fossil-fired power plant 火電廠 baghouse 集塵室 Combustion turbine 燃氣輪機 Stationary(moving)blade 固定 可動 葉片 固定(可動 可動)葉片 Right-of-way 線路走廊 Shaft 轉軸 Rectifier 整流器 Kinetic(potential)energy 動(勢)能 Inductive(Capacitive)電 勢能 感的(電容的 電容的)感的 電容的 Pumped storage power station 抽水蓄能電站 Reactance(impedance)電抗 阻抗 Synchronous condenser 同步調相機 電抗(阻抗 阻抗)Reactor 電抗器 Light(boiling)-water reactor 輕(沸)水反應堆 沸 水反應堆 電抗的,無功的 Reactive 電抗的 無功的 Stator(rotor)定(轉)子 Phase displacement(shift)相移 轉子 Armature 電樞 Surge 沖擊 過電壓 Salient-pole 凸極 沖擊,過電壓 Retaining ring 護環(huán) Slip ring 滑環(huán) Carbon brush 炭刷 Arc suppression coil 消弧線圈 Short-circuit ratio 短路比 Primary(backup)relaying 主(后備 繼電保護 后備)繼電保護 后備 Induction 感應 Phase shifter 移相器 Autotransformer 自藕變壓器 Power line carrier(PLC)電力線載波 器)電力線載波(器 Bushing 套管 Line trap 線路限波器 Turn(turn ratio)匝(匝比 變比 Uninterruptible power supply 不間斷電源 匝比,變比 匝比 變比)Power factor 功率因數 Spot power price 實時電價 分時(電價 電價)Tap 分接頭 Time-of-use(tariff)分時 電價

Recovery voltage 恢復電壓 XLPE(Cross Linked Polyethylene)交聯聚乙烯(電纜 電纜)交聯聚乙烯 電纜 Arc reignition 電弧重燃 Rms(root mean square)均方根值 Operation

mechanism 操動機構 RF(radio frequency)射頻 電氣工程專業(yè)英語詞匯表 4 Pneumatic(hydraulic)氣 動(液 壓)Rpm(revolution per minute)轉 / 分 Nameplate 銘牌 LAN(local area network)局域網 Independent pole operation 分相操作 LED(light emitting diode)發(fā)光二極管 Malfunction 失靈 Single(dual, ring)bus 單(雙,環(huán)形 母線 環(huán)形)母線 雙 環(huán)形 Shield wire 避雷線 IC(integrated circuit)集成電路 Creep distance 爬電距離 FFT(fast Fourier transform)快速傅立葉變換 Silicon rubber 硅橡膠 Telemeter 遙測 Composite insulator 合成絕緣子 Load shedding 甩負荷 Converter(inverter)換流器 逆變器 Lateral 支線 換流器(逆變器 逆變器)Bus tie breaker 母聯斷路器 Power-flow current 工頻續(xù)流 Protective relaying 繼電保護 sparkover 放電 Transfer switching 倒閘操作 Silicon carbide 碳化硅 Outgoing(incoming)line 出(進)線 Zinc oxide 氧化鋅 進線 相位超前(滯后 滯后)Phase Lead(lag)相位超前 滯后 Withstand test 耐壓試驗 Static var compensation(SVC)靜止無功補償 Dispatcher 調度員 Flexible AC transmission system(FACTS)靈活交流輸電系統(tǒng) Supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA)監(jiān)控與數據采集 EMC(electromagnetic compatibility)電磁兼容 ISO(international standardization organization)國際標準化組織 GIS(gas insulated substation, geographic information system)氣體絕緣變電站 地理信息系統(tǒng) IEC(international Electrotechnical Commission)國際電工(技術 技術)委員會 國際電工 技術 委員會 IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)電氣與電子工程師學 會(美)美 IEE(Institution of Electrical Engineers)

電氣工程師學會(英 電氣工程師學會 英)scale 刻度 量程 calibrate 校準 刻度,量程 rated 額定的 terminal 接線端子 保險絲,熔絲 fuse 保險絲 熔絲 humidity 濕度 resonance 諧振 共振 moisture 潮濕 濕氣 諧振,共振 潮濕,濕氣 analytical 解析的 operation amplifier 運算放大器 numerical 數字的 amplitude modulation(AM)調幅 frequency-domain 頻域 frequency modulation(FM)調頻 time-domain 時域 binary 二進制 operation amplifier 運算放大器 octal 八進制 active filter 有源濾波器 decimal 十進制 passive filter 無源濾波器 hexadecimal 十

第五篇：自動化專業(yè)英語重點

歐姆定律

Ohm’s law states that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance.法拉第定律

Faraday’s states that the voltage across the inductor is proportional to the rate of change with time of the current through the inductor.基爾霍夫第一定律

Kirchhoff’s first law states that the algebraic sum of the voltages around a closed loop is 0,or,in any closed loop, sum of the voltage rises must equal the sum of voltage drops.運放

The first law states that in normal op-amp circuits we may assume that the voltage difference between the input terminals is zero, that is, U+=U-.The second law states that in normal op-amp circuits both of the input currents may be assumed to be zero: I+=I-電路理論 theory of circuit

模擬電子技術analog electronics technology

數字電子技術digital electronics technology

電力電子技術power electronics technology

電磁場electromagnetic field

電機與拖動electric motor and electric drive

電力拖動自動控制系統(tǒng)electric drive automatic control system 自動控制理論automatic control theory

現代控制理論modern control theory

智能控制intelligent control

微機原理principle of microcomputer

計算機接口技術computer interface technology

計算機控制技術computer control technology

自動調節(jié)裝置automatic regulators

過程控制系統(tǒng)process control system

過程檢測及儀表process measurement and instrument

單片機原理與應用principle and application of single-chip computer 可編程序控制器系統(tǒng)programmable logical controller system 現場總線技術fieldbus technology

嵌入式系統(tǒng)embedded system

供電技術power supplying technology

計算機仿真computer simulation

信號分析與處理signal analyzing and processing

集散控制系統(tǒng)distributed control system

樓宇自動化building automation

機器人學robotics

GTOgate turn-off thyristor門極可關斷晶閘管 GJTbipolar junction transistor雙極結型晶體管 SCR