第一篇：對于大學生厭學的原因分析中英文對照（最終版）

對于大學生厭學的原因分析中英文對照

For the analysis of the causes of study-weariness in Chinese

and English

少年強，則國強，大學生是祖國未來現(xiàn)代化建設的接班人，肩負著實施科教興國和中華民族復興的歷史重任。在尊重知識、尊重人才的今天，許多大學生埋頭苦讀，發(fā)憤圖強，取得了優(yōu)異的成績。但是，如果我們仔細觀察就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，在我們的大學校園里，還有部分大學生學習勁頭不足，存在明顯的厭學現(xiàn)象。厭學的定義：所謂厭學是指學生對于學習感到厭倦的心理現(xiàn)象，是學生對學校的學習生活不能滿足自己需要而產生的一種不滿意、不愉快、厭煩學習生活的情緒體驗，其表現(xiàn)為消極地對待學習、不積極主動學習等。具有厭學心理的學生是指那些對學習認識存在偏差、情感上消極、行為上遠離學習活動的學生。造成大學生厭學的原因是很復雜的，因此，剖析問題的實質，改革教育教學乃是當務之急。我校自2000年開始招收第一屆護理本科學生，至今為止本人具有7年護理本科學生的授課經驗，在授課過程中，本人體會到護理本科生有厭學情緒，表現(xiàn)在在學習上態(tài)度散漫，甚至完全懈怠下來。在課堂上，這種厭學情緒表現(xiàn)為，學生精神萎靡不振，做一些與課程毫不相干的事情，甚至頻繁逃課。在課下，則表現(xiàn)為，部分學生不上圖書館，不看專業(yè)書籍，不按時完成作業(yè)。就目前的研究結果顯示，造成大學生厭學的原因主要有四個方面：

The young are strong, Guo-Qiang, college students are the future of our country modernization successor, shoulder the important historic task of revitalizing China through science and education and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.In the respect knowledge, respect talent today, many college students knuckled down to study, to strive for progress with determination, and achieved excellent results.However, if we are careful observation is not difficult to find, in our university campus, there are some students study strength is insufficient, existence of study-weariness obvious.Definition: the so-called weariness weariness is that students feel tired psychological phenomenon in learning, students' school life can not satisfy their needs and have a dissatisfied, unhappy, tired of learning life emotional experience, its performance is a negative attitude towards learning, not active learning.With the psychological weariness of students is far away from the learning activities of students who learning deviation in cognition, emotion, behavior of negative.Causes of study-weariness is very complicated, therefore, analyze the essence of the problem, the reform of education and teaching is a pressing matter of the moment.Our school began to enroll undergraduate nursing students from 2000, until now I have 7 years of undergraduate nursing students teaching experience, in the teaching process, I feel the baccalaureate nursing students are weary, lies in learning lax attitude, or even completely slack down.In the classroom, the weary performance, student spirit cachexia, do things and curriculum irrelevant, even frequent truancy.In the next lesson, also, some students do not go to library, do not look at the professional books, not to finish the homework on time.The present study showed, causes of study-weariness mainly has four aspects:社會因素（1）教育體制因素：我國仍以應試教育為主，十幾年超負荷的運轉，學生們早學夠了。所以，一旦跨進了大學的門檻，學生們再也沒有向前沖刺的力氣了[1]。（2）一些教育管理規(guī)定、教育制度束縛了落后生、困難生的手腳。有43.6%的大學生由于高等教育招生政策的改變，原本升學無望而僥幸進入大學的學生，入學后感到學習壓力大，不適應大學生活和學習[4]。由于學費昂貴，一部分來自貧困家庭的學生，為了貼補家庭經濟的不

足，不得不去當家教或者去打工，這必然影響到學業(yè)的完成，學校又不允許停學一年去掙學費，這也必然影響部分學生的學習積極性[2]。（3）社會上拜金主義思潮的影響。55.79%的大學生受社會不良風氣的影響和干擾，有52.44%的學生受“腦體倒掛、知識貶值”的影響，產生讀書無用的想法，厭倦學習[4]。學校的培養(yǎng)，教師的教導對學生的影響作用越來越小，而社會環(huán)境變化對學生的負面影響與日俱增[5]。（4）大學生畢業(yè)后就業(yè)困難。86.89%的大學生認為現(xiàn)行的分配制度改革使就業(yè)難問題變得十分突出，成為影響大學生厭學心理的最大因素[4]。很多大學生對未來的就業(yè)形勢非常擔心，他們在學校的時候，特別是在畢業(yè)前一年就已經把大量的精力投入到找工作當中去：去參加各種各樣的招聘會、去考各種各樣的資格證書，甚至拉關系、請客送禮。在校大學生對此極為不滿，對就業(yè)憂心忡忡，形成了有門路的感到學無壓力，無門路的學習失去了目標和動力，從而對學習逐漸產生了厭倦心態(tài)[6]。

（5）網絡對大學生的影響。沉迷于網絡有時候也成為大學生厭學的原因[8]。social factors(1)education system factors: China is still dominated by the examination-oriented education, more than ten years of overload operation, early school students enough.So, once entered the threshold of the University, students are no longer sprint forward strength [1].(2)some educational regulations, education system constraints, difficult students and backward students.43.6% of the students as a result of higher education enrollment policy changes, the original school hopeless and got into university students, students feel great pressure of study, do not adapt to the university life and learning [4].Because the tuition is expensive, a part of the students from poor families, in order to supplement the family economy, have to go when the tutor or go to work, it is bound to affect the completion of school, the school is not allowed to be suspended for a year to earn my tuition, which will inevitably affect the enthusiasm of learning [2] students.(3)on the social impact of the worship of the thoughts.55.79% of the students affected by the bad social ethos and interference, 52.44% of the students are influenced by the “ cerebral body is hanged, intellectual devaluation”, produce useless thoughts, tired of learning [4].School culture, teachers' teaching effect on the students' role is more and more small, and the negative effects of social environment on students grow with each passing day [5].(4)college students after graduation employment difficulties.86.89% of the students think that the reform of current distribution system and make the difficult employment problem has become very prominent, to become the greatest impact factors for college students mental weariness [4].Many students are very worried for the future employment situation, they are in school, especially in the year before graduation has put a lot of effort into looking for work: qualifications to participate in a variety of recruitment, to test a variety of, or even pull relationship, treat or gift.College students are extremely dissatisfied, on employment heavy-hearted, forming a way to feel no pressure, no learning goals lost and power, so as to study gradually have tired psychology [6].(5)the impact of Internet on College students.Indulge in the network can sometimes become [8] causes of College Students' weariness.2 學校因素（1）課程結構設置不夠合理。1/3的學生認為學校提供的學習環(huán)境一般或較差，沒有良好的學習氛圍也容易助長厭學情緒的彌漫[7]。有54.27%和45.12%的大學生對所選擇的學校感到失望，認為學校的基礎設施差、教學設備落后、圖書資料少，與心目中的學校反差太大，內心失落感增強，厭倦學習；學校體制還存在一些弊端需要改善[4]。有43.29%的大學生覺得專業(yè)不理想、課程設置不合理、教學方式陳舊，是造成厭學的重要原因[4]。調查顯示有近35%的學生認為教學管理還不嚴格，久而久之，敗壞了學風[7]。（2）教材內容陳舊，學生看不到學科的發(fā)展，看不到最新的知識，認為還沒有學，課本上的東西就已經落伍的了，從而難以激發(fā)其自身內在的學習主動性，產生厭學情緒。教學過程單調，教學方法單一。（3）教學方法缺乏創(chuàng)新，教師講授方式的單

一、教材的陳舊、刻板、脫離現(xiàn)實生活也在一定程度上影響學生學習的積極性，出現(xiàn)厭學的現(xiàn)象[7]。有調查顯示，目前的教學方法與學生期望的教學方法存在較大差距。目前的教學方法以“填鴨式”為主，而最能調動學生學習積極性的“啟發(fā)式”教學只占教學的33.6%。這種教師講、學生記、考試背的“三段論”教學方式，磨蝕了學生的激情和個性，使學生覺得呆板、枯燥、毫無趣味，學習的失落感便“油然”而生。（4）教師素質因素：有38.41%和36.59%的大學生認為部分授課教師道德素質不高、業(yè)務能力差、考評機制不健全，對學生的基礎知識、專業(yè)知識、操作能力、創(chuàng)新能力、思想品德不能客觀評價，嚴重挫傷學生對課堂學習的信心[4]。教師的“權威”不斷受到“質疑”，學生找不到敬佩的為人榜樣。在對教師的評價中，只有16%的學生認為老師學識很淵博，能學到很多東西，73%的學生認為老師講課還可以，但學問一般，近6%的學生認為老師都不怎么樣。學生對老師“威信”的質疑，特別是人格魅力方面的不敬佩，使學生失去學習的動力和興趣，也是導致厭學的原因之一[7]。（5）師生之間缺乏教學互動。大班教學時，教師對學生更多的是疏遠、漠然、不認識、不了解，“一把尺子量到底”致使這些學生失去學習的樂趣、教師的關愛和班集體的溫暖，產生了一系列的心理疾病及相應的反常表現(xiàn):如自卑自賤、自暴自棄、一蹶不振；受委屈受迫害的多疑癥；在眾人面前矯揉造作故作姿態(tài)以顯示自己的存在；憎恨學校、班級、教師，并因此產生一些破壞性的行為；有的甚至走向精神分裂。所以，學生厭學并因此產生一系列的不良行為，大概與我們有些教師對學生缺乏愛心不無關系[2]。（6）考試形式和方法單一。大部分考試課程均采用閉卷考試的方法，這樣的考試形式，導致學生普遍存在臨考前抱佛腳，死記硬背的現(xiàn)象，不能對所學知識深入理解、靈活應用。在考試內容上多數(shù)只是局限于教材內容，重視理論知識的考核，輕視能力的考查、素質的培養(yǎng)和檢測。而這樣的考試方法產生的漏洞加上學生的厭學情緒使考試作弊成為學生應付學習和考試的重要手段。（7）高校學生評價體系不夠合理。在當前的大學教育評價體系中，考試成績仍然是衡量一名學生優(yōu)劣的最主要依據(jù)。它決定著獎學金發(fā)放、三好學生評比、學位的獲得、組織的發(fā)展以及畢業(yè)后的擇業(yè)等一系列與學生切身利益息息相關的問題。因此，一方面盡管大學生們在中小學就已經厭倦了各種考試，但為了應付，不得不花費大量時間進行機械練習，使一部分大學生產生了厭學心理、厭學行為。另外一方面，由于個別教師不完全以學生學習的好壞而是以親疏、好惡給分數(shù)，使一些平時學習刻苦勤奮的學生成績反而不如貪玩的學生。為了分數(shù)，大學生們平時可以少學或者不學習，而考試時則不擇手段爭取高分[8]。（8）學校管理存在缺陷。46.65%的大學生認為學校寬進寬出、疏于管理，使厭學學生有可乘之機[4]。學生進校后專業(yè)思想教育、就業(yè)觀教育的工作沒能及時跟上，對專業(yè)前景，發(fā)展方向認識不足，使得部分學生的專業(yè)思想不明確，思想上有失落感，學習上不感興趣。個別高校的日常管理工作也存在著不少問題，學生逃學上網、打撲克、玩麻將，夜不歸宿，無人過問。上課遲到、早退，課堂上睡大覺、玩東西，任課老師聽之任之。在考場上，對于學生的作弊行為，有些監(jiān)考老師常常是睜一只眼閉一只眼。有些學生平時學習很認真，但期末考試成績卻不盡如人意，而另一些學生，平時根本沒有用心學習，通過作弊卻考出了高分，這種不正常現(xiàn)象對于努力學習的學生來說，無疑是一個打擊。由于考試容易蒙混過關，許多學生平時也就不愿專心學習，得過且過，“當一天和尚，撞一天鐘”[6]。3 家庭因素（1）家庭教育的失衡：家庭教育作為學校教育的基礎和補充，起著不可替代的作用，而家庭教育的失衡又是學生產生厭學情緒的搖籃[5]。（2）家庭經濟困難：29.27%的學生由于家庭經濟狀況差，家庭教育缺乏合理性等因素[4]。school factors(1)the curriculum structure is not reasonable.1/3 of the students that the school provides a learning environment in general or poor, no good learning atmosphere is also easy to encourage weariness pervaded [7].54.27% and 45.12% of the college students feel disappointed to the school, that school infrastructure, teaching facilities, books, and in the eyes of the school too

much contrast, inner sense of loss enhancement, tired of learning;school system also has some disadvantages to improve [4].43.29% of the students think that the professional is not ideal, the curriculum is not reasonable, the teaching method is old, is [4] important cause of weariness.Survey shows that nearly 35% of the students thought that the teaching management is not strict, in the course of time, corrupted the style of study [7].(2)the old teaching material, students not to see the development of the subject, not to see the latest knowledge, believe that there is no school, things on textbooks have been behind the times, thus making it difficult to stimulate their own learning initiative, resulting in emotional weariness.The teaching process dull, monotonous teaching methods.(3)the lack of innovation in teaching methods, teaching methods, teaching materials, the single old stereotypes, divorced from real life to a certain extent, affected the enthusiasm of the students, appear the phenomenon of weariness [7].Investigation shows, there is a big gap between the present method of teaching and student expectations.The current teaching methods mainly to “ cramming ”, but most can mobilize the enthusiasm of students “heuristic ” teaching only accounted for 33.6% of teaching.The teacher speaks, students write, test back “ syllogism ” teaching mode, the students' passion and abrasive personality, so that students feel dull, boring, no fun, learning frustration “ spontaneously ”.(4)the teacher quality factors: there are 38.41% and 36.59% of the students believe that part of teachers' moral quality is not high, business ability, evaluation mechanism is not perfect, the students' basic knowledge, professional knowledge, operation ability, innovation ability, ideology and morality is not an objective evaluation, serious contusion of students' classroom learning confidence [4].Teachers “authority ” has been “ questioned ”, students are unable to admire for example.In the evaluation of teachers, only 16% of the students think the teacher knowledge is extensive, can learn a lot of things, 73% of the students think that the teacher can also, but the knowledge in general, nearly 6% of the students think that the teacher is not how.The student questioning of teachers “ authority ”, especially the personal charm does not respect, make the students lose learning motive and interest, but also lead to “ one of the reasons [7].(5)the lack of interaction between teachers and students.Class teaching, teachers are more of students, indifference, do not know, do not understand, ” a ruler of what “ the students lose the fun of learning, caring teachers and class collective warmth, produced a series of mental diseases and abnormal expression of the corresponding: such as humbled himself, then, unable to get up after a fall;suffer persecution paranoia;in the presence of all pretentious posturing to show their existence;hate school, class, teacher, and as a result of destructive behavior;some even towards schizophrenia.Therefore, students weariness and therefore produce a series of bad behavior, probably with some of our teachers lack of love for the students is [2].(6)the examination form and method of single.Most courses are a closed book examination method, the examination form, causes the student to exist before it, the phenomenon of rote, cannot learn the knowledge of the understanding, flexible application.The examination content most is only confined to the teaching content, pay attention to theoretical knowledge examination, training and detection ability, quality.The examination method such that the resulting loopholes and students' mood to cheat in the exam has become an important means for students to study and test.(7)the evaluation system of college students is not reasonable.At the University of current education evaluation system, test scores still is a measure of a student or the main basis.It determines the scholarships, ”three good“ student assessment, degree, organizational development and after graduation employment and a series of closely linked with the vital interests of the problem.Therefore, on one hand, although the students in primary and secondary

schools have been tired of the examinations, but in order to cope with, had to spend a lot of time for mechanical practice, that a part of students have mental weariness, weariness behavior.On the other hand, because of individual teachers to students' learning is incomplete but in solidarity, likes and dislikes to score, so that some of the usual study diligent student achievement but not naughty students.For grades, students can learn or not learn at ordinary times, but when the exam is use unscrupulous divisive tactics for high score [8].(8)the school management defects.46.65% of the students think management out of school into the wide, wide, make the weary students taking advantage of [4].Students ideological education, employment education work could not keep up with the professional development direction, prospects, lack of understanding, so that part of the student's professional thinking is not clear, there is a sense of loss on the thought, learning not interested.The individual university's daily management work is facing many problems, the students play truant surfing the Internet, playing poker, playing mahjong, broken curfew, nobody.Class late, leave early, sleep, play something in class, the teacher allow someone to continue.In the exam, the students' cheating, some of the teachers are often turn a blind eye.Some students usually study very hard, but the final exam scores are not just as one wishes, while other students, usually don't study hard, cheat by earn high marks, this is not a normal phenomenon for the students who study hard, is undoubtedly a blow.Because the exam is easy to slip by, many students usually don't concentrate on learning, muddle along, ” when a monk, hit a day clock " [6].3 family factors(1)imbalance of family education: family education as the foundation and supplement for school education, plays an irreplaceable role, while the imbalance of family education and students ' School-weariness cradle [5].(2)the family economic difficulties: 29.27% students due to family economic status, family education is lack of rational factors such as [4].4 個人因素大學生產生厭學情緒，固然有著深刻的學校、社會的原因，而作為學習主體的學生個人來說，更有著許多不容忽視的個人因素在影響著他們。歸納起來有以下幾個原因：（1）許多學生進入大學以后，便喪失了奮斗目標。（2）一些學生存在著重智育輕德育的心態(tài)。學習的目的不是為了國家的繁榮富強、國力的強大，而是為了自己的舒適的工作環(huán)境、較高的工作地位?？紤]最多的是自己的一切，愛國心、集體主義淡薄。國家花費大量的資金培養(yǎng)出來的大學生，為的卻是能出國定居國外。不愿在平凡的工作崗位上默默地做貢獻，這給當代高校的德育教育提出了一個新的課題[2]。（3）專業(yè)與興趣不符，學習目標不明確。厭學的原因很大一部分是由專業(yè)因素引起的，主要表現(xiàn)在大學生對所學專業(yè)缺乏興趣，混學現(xiàn)象嚴重，沒有明確的學習目標和動力[7]。對于上大學后該如何完成學業(yè)，自己將來應成為怎樣的人，諸如此類的問題根本沒有思考過，沒有奮斗目標。調查顯示，同學們課余時間上網的比上自習的要多出3.9個百分點，逛街和閑聊的同學也占很大比例。（4）心理不夠成熟，心態(tài)容易失衡。很多大學生不能夠適應從高中到大學生活、學習狀態(tài)的改變，不會與其他同學交流，變得孤僻自閉；有些在戀愛、學習過程中受到挫折。（5）沒有掌握正確的學習方法。大學的學習方法不同于中學，大學培養(yǎng)目標要求大學生具有一定的自學能力和獨立分析、解決問題的能力；在要求學生學習好專業(yè)知識的同時，也提供了鍛煉能力，擴充知識面所需的足夠的時間和空間。而許多大學生進入大學后，不能適應這種變化，缺乏科學的學習方法，對學習產生畏難情緒，導致厭學[8]。（6）學生控制能力弱、抗挫能力差：過分強調自我意識和個人愛好，加之自我調控能力差，缺乏科學的學習方法，不能適應大學學習生活，必然會對學習產生畏拒情緒，導致學生厭學[5]。（7）學習專業(yè)興趣不高：據(jù)調查，認為學習是一種樂趣的學生只占被調查者的13.8%。調查顯示，被調查的學生中有48.6%非第一志愿錄取，有44.1%的學生對自己所學的專業(yè)不很滿意或不滿意[3]。（8）學生自我管理

能力差，意志力薄弱。調查顯示，25%的學生一天能堅持學習一到兩個小時，9%的學生每天學習不到一個小時，甚至還有5%的學生回答為不清楚，沒堅持學習過；還有一部分學生容易受到周圍環(huán)境的影響，意志力較差，沉湎于網絡等虛擬世界中不能自拔；還有一部分學生，由于抗挫能力不強，得不到老師和同學們的特別關注，因此在心理上產生不適感；也有一部分學生理想和現(xiàn)實的差距過大，心理上就處于消極防御的狀態(tài)，把大部分時間都放在與學習無關的事上[7]。individual factors of College Students ' School-weariness, is why there is a profound school, society, and as the students individual learning subject, many more ignored personal factors affect their.There are several reasons:(1)after many students enter the University, then lost the goal.(2)some students focus on intellectual and moral light mentality.The purpose of learning is not for the country's rich, strong and prosperous, strong national strength, but to their own comfortable working environment, high working status.Consider the most is his all, patriotism, collectivism is weak.Countries spend a lot of money for students in college, is to go abroad to settle abroad.Unwilling to do contribution in ordinary jobs, it puts forward a new topic for the moral education of the contemporary college [2].(3)the professional interest and inconsistent, learning objectives are not clear.A large part of weariness was caused by major factors, mainly in the college students' studies on the lack of interest, mixed phenomenon serious, there is no clear learning objectives and dynamic [7].For the university how to complete their studies, their future should be what kind of person, and so on question no thought, no goal.Investigation shows, the students spare time surfing the Internet 3.9 percentage points more than the top self-study, shopping and gossiping students also accounted for a large proportion.(4)psychology is not mature enough, mind easy balance.Many students can not adapt to the transition from high school to university life, learning state change, the exchange will not with other students, become autism;some frustration in love, the learning process.(5)does not have the correct learning methods.Learning method in university is different from the middle school, the target requires students to have a certain ability of self-study and independent analysis, problem solving skills training in University;students are required to learn professional knowledge, but also provides the ability to exercise, expand enough required knowledge of time and space.While many college students after entering the University, they can not adapt to this change, the lack of scientific learning method, have the fear of emotions on learning, leading to learning [8].(6)the student control ability is weak, poor resistance to setbacks: too much emphasis on the sense of self and personal hobbies, and self control ability is poor, the lack of scientific learning method, meet the university life can not, will have to fear emotion on learning, leading to the students [5].(7)learn professional interest is not high: according to the survey, think learning is fun students accounted for only 13.8% of the respondents.Investigation shows, the students surveyed in 48.6% non first volunteer admission, 44.1% of the students of their own professional learning is not very satisfied or not satisfied with [3].(8)the student self-control ability is poor, weak willpower.Investigation shows, 25% of the students can learn from one to two hours a day, 9% of the students to study every day in less than an hour, or even 5% of the students answered is not clear, did not insist on learning;some students easily affected by the environment, poor willpower, indulge in the network virtual world in inextricably bogged down in;there are some students, because of anti-frustration ability is not strong, not to pay special attention to the teacher and the students, resulting in discomfort in the psychology;there is also a part of students' ideal and the reality gap is too large, the psychological defense is in negative state, spend most of their time on nothing to do with learning [7].

第二篇：中小學生厭學原因分析報告

中小學生厭學原因分析報告

所謂厭學，是指學生在主觀上對學校學習活動失去興趣，產生厭倦情緒和冷漠態(tài)度，從而討厭學習、不愿學習、不愿主動求學的現(xiàn)象，并在客觀上明顯表現(xiàn)出來的行為。厭學現(xiàn)象是當今中學教育中存在的一種頑癥，直接影響著我國基礎教育的質量和水平。由于學生“厭學”現(xiàn)象而導致中學生“失學”現(xiàn)象，是“普高”的難點所在。為此，我們有必要去認真剖析一下當今中學生厭學的現(xiàn)象、成因，從而對癥下藥，去加以克服，從而在根本上杜絕由厭學而導致的“失學”現(xiàn)象，真正將“普高”工作落到實處。

一、學生“厭學”的幾種表現(xiàn)：

首先表現(xiàn)在聽課過程中。小學生在聽課過程中注意力始終不集中，打哈欠，東張西望，左顧右盼。第二，表現(xiàn)在作業(yè)不能順利完成，抄襲他人，甚至不做作業(yè)，不交作業(yè)。第三，表現(xiàn)在自理能力差，不會自學離開老師管制就不學習，考試時投機取巧，故意作弊。第四，表現(xiàn)在小病大養(yǎng)，無病呻吟，千方百計找理由，不上學甚至逃學等。

二、學生產生“厭學”現(xiàn)象的原因

第一，大氣候的情況作用。隨著我國升學和就業(yè)制度的改革，升學和就業(yè)已經取消了直通車，許多家長觀念和社會上的市井觀念中“讀書無用”論又悄然興起，甚至影響著中小學生的思想意識，使他們喪失了學習信念，產生求學無望的念頭，自暴自棄。第二，傳統(tǒng)的應試教育僅注意對尖子生培養(yǎng)，表現(xiàn)在課堂上，對學習成績好的學生注意多，提問多，表揚多。對差生提問，少管理，多批評，甚至歧視差生，從而導致“差生”厭學現(xiàn)象。第三，教學方法不得當也是學生厭學的主要原因。部分教師知識水平不高、教法陳舊、不認真研究新時代少年的心理特征和變化特點，用簡單的“注入式”、“填鴨式”教法進行講課，使得課堂缺乏生氣，內容枯燥無味。使學生產生厭學心理。第四，學生“根本不上班”，上課聽不懂，在家庭中又得不到家長的及時輔導和重視，使學生越學越不會，越學越糊涂，干脆不去思考，不去學。第五，課業(yè)負擔過重是學生產生厭學現(xiàn)象的一個重要成因。舊的教材設置模式、知識的難度系數(shù)比國外多數(shù)國家高，使學生不得不整日在題海中掙扎，久而久之，學生的“厭學”現(xiàn)象就油然而生……

綜上分析，中學生厭學的表現(xiàn)和成因，我們如果不克服和杜絕學生厭學現(xiàn)象，將會直接影響到下一代素質教育的推進，我們有必要認真去研究和解決學生厭學的問題。具體途徑有：

（1）培養(yǎng)孩子對學習的興趣，興趣是最好的老師?？膳c學生特長結合起來。其實特長與學習并不矛盾，眾多事實表明，有特長的學生，他的學習一般也不錯，因為它們可以相互影響，由于有特長、有興趣，他們會經常受到來自學校和家庭的表揚和鼓勵，他們的興趣勁頭也會潛移默化地移到學習方面來，從而相得益彰。讓厭學學生重新認識自我價值，形成良好的自我意識，這是變厭學為樂學的重要一環(huán)。

（2）矯正學習心理。幫助厭學學生矯正厭學癥，首先要矯治其厭學心理。教育過程中，教師要用愛這把鑰匙開啟僵化的心靈，要愛得真，愛得持久，多關心了解。

（3）輔導學生提高學習能力，營造學習環(huán)境。教學過程中做到五優(yōu)先，即優(yōu)先提問，優(yōu)先答問，優(yōu)先演算，優(yōu)先批改，優(yōu)先輔導。四經常，即經?？疾?，經常指導，經常鼓勵，經常強化。很多厭學的學生一般都是由于學習跟不上，經常受到老師的批評，家長的責怪以及同學們的輕視。索性破罐子破摔，經常逃學，在外“鬼混”。因此，老師要及時想辦法，盡量創(chuàng)造環(huán)境，讓厭學學生在實踐中培養(yǎng)興趣，品嘗到學習的成功感和趣味感，并逐步養(yǎng)成良好的學習習慣和正確的學習方法，進而樹立信心、堅定信念，徹底矯治厭學的心理障礙。學生學習提高了，他們才會變得自信起來，那么學習的興趣自然而然就會產生。

（4）盡量減輕學生的心理和學業(yè)負擔。當孩子的心理和能力達不到和承受不了時，就會厭學。因此，老師要盡量減輕厭學學生學業(yè)負擔，結合中學生心理特點施教，做到寓教于樂，勞逸結合。

（5）輔導學生的人際關系。由于學生來自不同文化、經濟和涵養(yǎng)的家庭，他們的性格個性亦有很大差異，有些學生由于性格孤僻，不善交往，人際關系自然就差。如果老師和同學再對他們冷漠，他們就會更感孤獨和不安，不良情緒，甚至厭世情緒就會產生。因此，對這些性格存在缺陷的同學，要伸出友愛之手，關心他們，幫助他們。教師的重視、同學的友好都有利于營造一個重學、樂學的氛圍，消除厭學學生被拋棄、被歧視的感覺，對學習由厭惡感、恐懼感變?yōu)橛鋹偢小⑹孢m感，從而積極、主動、愉快地開始新環(huán)境中的生活、學習。

（6）老師要注意批評的尺度，成功時讓孩子感到成功的喜悅。中學生的承受能力遠不如成年人，但作為成年人的老師，在批評學生時，就要注意場合和尺度，以激勵為主，少用批評、責怪為妙。對學生學習上的任何進步都要及時給予肯定和表揚，讓孩子們嘗到成功的喜悅，這能克服學生的厭學心理。

（7）學校教育與家庭教育緊密結合，注意了解和掌握學生心理，因人而異，因材施教。做學生的“好朋友”、“知心人”。由“要我學”轉變?yōu)椤拔乙獙W”。

第三篇：中英文對照

Text5_EN

I don't know why I overlooked that problem.I haven't overlooked Chinese achievements in science.Sometimes you are too frank.High birthrates cannot be changed overnight.That book only told a pack of lies.They searched my room and found nothing.When it rained people in that small town had to stay in the house.

第四篇：中英文對照

AEROFLEX “亞羅弗”保溫 ALCO “艾科”自控 Alerton 雅利頓空調 Alfa laval阿法拉伐換熱器 ARMSTRONG “阿姆斯壯”保溫 AUX 奧克斯

BELIMO 瑞士“搏力謀”閥門 BERONOR西班牙“北諾爾”電加熱器 BILTUR 意大利“百得”燃燒器 BOSIC “柏誠”自控 BROAD 遠大

Burnham美國“博恩漢”鍋爐 CALPEDA意大利“科沛達”水泵 CARLY 法國“嘉利”制冷配件 Carrier 開利 Chigo 志高

Cipriani 意大利斯普萊力

CLIMAVENETA意大利“克萊門特” Copeland“谷輪”壓縮機 CYRUS意大利”賽諾思”自控 DAIKIN 大金空調

丹佛斯自控 Dorin “多菱”壓縮機

DUNHAM-BUSH 頓漢布什空調制冷 DuPont美國“杜邦”制冷劑 Dwyer 美國德威爾 EBM “依必安”風機

ELIWELL意大利“伊力威”自控 Enfinilan 英國“英菲尼蘭“閥門 EVAPCO美國“益美高”冷卻設備 EVERY CONTROL意大利“美控” Erie 怡日

FRASCOLD 意大利“富士豪”壓縮機 FRICO瑞典“弗瑞克”空氣幕 FUJI “富士”變頻器

FULTON 美國“富爾頓”鍋爐 GENUIN “正野”風機 GREE 格力

GREENCOOL格林柯爾 GRUNDFOS “格蘭富”水泵 Haier 海爾 Hisense 海信 HITACHI 日立

霍尼韋爾自控 Johnson 江森自控 Kelon 科龍

KRUGER瑞士“科祿格”風機 KU BA德國“庫寶”冷風機 Liang Chi 良機冷卻塔 LIEBERT 力博特空調 MARLEY “馬利”冷卻塔 Maneurop法國“美優(yōu)樂”壓縮機 McQuary 麥克維爾 Midea 美的 MITSUBISHI三菱

Munters 瑞典“蒙特”除濕機 Panasonic 松下 RANCO “宏高”自控

REFCOMP意大利“萊富康”壓縮機 RIDGID 美國“里奇”工具 RUUD美國“路德”空調 RYODEN “菱電”冷卻塔 SanKen “三墾”變頻器 Samsung 三星 SANYO 三洋

ASWELL英國森威爾自控 Schneider 施耐德電氣 SenseAir 瑞典“森爾”傳感器 SIEMENS 西門子

SINKO ",28商機網;新晃“空調 SINRO “新菱”冷卻塔 STAND “思探得”加濕器 SWEP 舒瑞普換熱器 TECKA “臺佳”空調 Tecumseh“泰康”壓縮機 TRANE 特靈

TROX德國“妥思”風閥 VASALA芬蘭“維薩拉”傳感器 WILO德國“威樂”水泵 WITTLER 德國”威特”閥門 YORK 約克

ZENNER德國“真蘭”計量

第五篇：中英文對照

醫(yī)院中英文對照

發(fā)熱門診Have Fever主治醫(yī)師Doctor-in-charge 供應室Supply Room謝絕入內No entering 紅燈亮時謝絕入內No entering when red light

彩超、心電圖Colorful Cardiogram/ECG住院樓Inpatient Building 透析血磁EndoscopeDept.護士Nueser康復理療科RehabilitationPhysiotherapyDept.中藥計價China medical price account肛腸科Ano-proctology

皮膚、肛腸、男性科、泌尿科候診Dermatology、Ano-proctology、male Urology Clinic 皮膚科、肛腸科、男性科、泌尿科Dermatology、Ano-proctology、male Urology Dept 中醫(yī)科Traditional Chinese Medicine五官科ENT Dept.男性科、泌尿科 Male urology Dept.安全出口Exit

預防保健科Medical center for health preventionand care

后勤科、藥庫Logistic Room、Seore入院登記In-patient Admisson 高壓氧治療Hyperbaric Oxygehation Therapy碎石中心ESWL Center 急救中心Emergency Center掛號收費Registration

中心藥房Cenreral Pharmacy內科門診Internal Medicine Clinic會議室Meeting Room手外科Hand Surgery 產科Obstentrics Dept.骨外科Orthopedics Dept.神經、燒傷外科Neurosurgery.Plaseric surgey Dept.麻醉科Anaesthesiology手術室Operation Room 泌尿、腫瘤外科Urologic.Gumorsurgery Dept.婦科Gynecology Dept.內二科Internal Medicine.Ward 2產房及愛嬰中心Delivery Room內一科Internal Medicine.Ward 1洗手間Toilet

普外、胸外科Surgey、Thoracic Surgey Dept.皮膚科Dermatology Dept.中醫(yī)骨傷科Traditional Mediaine or Thopaedics餐廳Dining Room 配餐室Pantry Room后勤科Logistics Dept.電工室Electrician Room接待室Dermatology Room 內、兒科候診 Internal medicine.Pediatrics功能檢查候診Function Exam 中醫(yī)科候診TCM Clinic放射科候診Radiology Clinic 婦科門診Gynecology Dept.產科候診Obstentrics Clinic 肛腸科候診Ano-proctology婦科候診Gynecology Clinic 產科門診Obstentrics Dept.五官科候診ENT.Clinic 外科候診Surgery Clinic輸液中心Transfusion Center 皮膚、泌尿科候診 Dermatology.Male Urology Clinic檢驗候診Clinical Laborotories 家屬休息Relation Rest Room口腔科門診Stomatology Clinic 內兒科Internal Medicine.Pediaarics鏡檢科Endoscope Dept.外科Surgrey Dept.檢驗中心Laboratory Center 功能檢查Function Exam Dept.登記處Registration 預防保健門診Hygine ＆ Public Health Dept.收費處Cashier 美容科、鏡檢科門診 Cosmetology Dept.Endoscope Clinic

收費健康發(fā)證Gharge lssue Bill of Health試敏觀察室Scratch Espial Room