第一篇：法律英語教程第2單元text a翻譯[最終版]

例如，在重申了其1973年的墮胎裁定的1992年裁定中，最高法院以“一種強烈地分裂的爭議”的方式談及了墮胎案，這種爭議“有尋常案件的判決所不具有的維度”。這種“罕見的有先例的力量”在“最高法院對憲法的解釋要求國家級爭議中爭先的一方通過接受一項普通的指令來停止其國家分裂行為，這一指令通常是有礙的而且有先例的會產(chǎn)生尋常非憲法案件中產(chǎn)生的司法裁定。（？）”

第二，嘗試都沒有考慮“測試性的個案”訴訟，這種訴訟現(xiàn)在在最高法院以及下級的聯(lián)邦法院例行公事地考慮。許多訟案都是超越了任何一方的私人利益的真正地“公開法律訴訟”。在整體上，焦點反而幾乎只在被提起的議題以及他們對公眾的影響上。一個例子就是集體訴訟案，在其中，最初的原告以及他/她的問題可能就是全部，但卻有可能被遺忘，但是訴訟無論如何會代表著處于相似境遇的待定的一群人繼續(xù)下去。

最終，一如將要在下一部分被討論和在案件中被展示的，憲法條款的解釋將遠異于法庭將涉及的“尋?！鳖C布的法律的解釋。確實，一些人暗示美國的憲法審查根本就不是司法的，它被更準確地描述為被“小心地隱藏”在法庭終止法律的“謊言”背后的。我們早已看到“司法的哲學”是怎樣被感受到/在司法決策中發(fā)揮著重要的作用的。許多“司法哲學”的元素都觸及了基本的政治價值這一點是很清楚的。如果這一點需要證據(jù)，那只需要看一看司法選舉的過程即可，尤其是在最高法院級別的，它們作為一種黨派選舉運動是最政治化和最懷惡意的。

第二篇：大學英語口譯教程答案第2單元

Unit 2 Passage 1 英國女王2009 圣誕致詞

過去每年似乎都各具特點。一些年份讓我們心滿意足，一些年份則最好忘卻。2009 年對很多人來說都是艱難的一年，尤其是那些深受經(jīng)濟衰退之苦的人們。

我相信，我們所有人都受到阿富汗戰(zhàn)事影響，為英軍士兵傷亡感到悲傷。我們向這些 士兵的家人和朋友表示慰問，他們面對巨大個人損失表現(xiàn)得無比高尚。

但我們應該為我們的士兵與盟友一道作出的積極貢獻而感到驕傲。英國和包括加拿

大、澳大利亞、新西蘭和新加坡在內的英聯(lián)邦國家眼下共有超過1.3 萬名士兵在阿富汗服 役。我們對這些年輕士兵以及先前在阿富汗服役過的士兵表示深深感激。

今年是英聯(lián)邦成立60 周年，今天其成員國25 歲以下人口超過10 億，為它保持長 久的強大和實力提供了力量源泉。

最近我剛剛參加了在特立尼達和多巴哥舉行的英聯(lián)邦政府首腦會議，聽到聯(lián)邦對年輕

人是多么重要。新的通訊技術使他們能夠接觸到更廣闊的世界，分享他們的經(jīng)驗和觀點。對于許多人來說，英聯(lián)邦的實際援助與網(wǎng)絡可以提供技能，給予意見和鼓勵進取。令人鼓舞的是，我了解到一些年輕人正在做著一些事情，他們面對挑戰(zhàn)，富于創(chuàng)造力 和創(chuàng)新精神。

對關系到我們所有人的問題保持討論很重要，它讓我們的大家庭產(chǎn)生更大的價值。在 英聯(lián)邦成立以來的大部分時間里，我都同它聯(lián)系緊密。

我珍視同各國領袖、人民之間在個人和生活上的緊密聯(lián)系，這不單是象征意義上的，也能促進我們的團結。

英聯(lián)邦并非只是一個具有某種使命的組織，更是一個讓各國人民合作、解決實際困難 的平臺。在涉及我們生活的許多方面，不論是體育、環(huán)境、商業(yè)或文化，英聯(lián)邦國家之間 的聯(lián)系生動活潑而且豐富多彩。在很多方面這展現(xiàn)未來的前景。隨著不斷的支持和貢獻，我相信多元化的英聯(lián)邦國家之間能加強超越政治、宗教、種族和經(jīng)濟環(huán)境的凝聚力。眾所周知，圣誕節(jié)是歡慶與家人團聚的時候，但我們也可以借這個時機反思那些國內 外不幸者面臨的困境。

基督徒接受的教義是要愛他們的鄰居，有同情心，樂于慈善和志愿工作，以減輕貧困 和弱勢者的負擔。

我們自己會面臨一連串的困難和挑戰(zhàn)，這些困難和挑戰(zhàn)會令我們感到困惑，但我們絕 不能停下腳步，而應該繼續(xù)努力，為自己和他人創(chuàng)造更美好的未來。不論你們現(xiàn)時身在何處，我都祝愿你們圣誕快樂！Passage 2 美國第一夫人米歇爾· 奧巴馬在英國倫敦伊斯靈頓伊麗莎白· 安德森女校的演講（節(jié)選）這是我的第一次出訪，作為第一夫人的第一次外事出訪。你們能相信嗎？雖然這不是 我第一次來英國，但我得說很高興我的首次官方訪問是來英國。美國和英國之間的特殊關 系，不只是基于政府間的關系，還基于我們有共同的語言和價值觀?？匆娔銈兇蠹揖褪刮?想到這一點。在訪問期間我特別榮幸地會見了英國一些最出色的女性，她們在為你們所有 女孩子鋪路。

我也很榮幸見到你們這些英國和世界未來的領導者，盡管我們的生活背景好像相差很 遠，我是作為美國第一夫人站在這里，而你們還正在上學。

但我想讓你們了解我們其實有很多共同之處。因為在我生命歷程中沒有任何東西曾經(jīng)

預示我會作為美利堅合眾國的第一位非洲裔第一夫人站在這里。我的資歷里沒有什么東西 能使我站在這個位置上。我不是被財富和資源養(yǎng)大的，也談不上有什么社會地位。我生長 在芝加哥市的南部，那個地方是真正的芝加哥。我出身于工人階級。父親一輩子是個市政 工人，母親是個家庭婦女。她待在家里照顧我和我哥哥。我父母都沒上過大學。我爸爸正 值壯年的時候被診斷患有多種硬化癥。但就在他難以行走，而且早上難以穿衣的時候—— 我看著他掙扎得越來越厲害——我父親卻從來沒有抱怨過他的困難。他對于自己擁有的一 切心存感激。他只是起得更早一點，工作得更努力一點。哥哥和我在成長過程中得到了人 生真正需要的一切：愛，強有力的價值觀：以及一個信念：就是靠著良好的教育，還有大 量的辛勤工作，沒有什么是我們做不到的。

我個人的例子表明女孩子能創(chuàng)造奇跡，只要她們從生命最開始的時候，就受到周圍人 的愛護和教養(yǎng)。非凡的女性圍繞著我的生活：祖母，老師，姨媽，表姐妹，鄰居，她們教 會我沉默的力量和尊嚴。還有我母親，她是我生命中最重要的榜樣，她和我們住在白宮幫 著照顧我們的兩個小女兒，瑪麗婭和薩莎。她在孩子們和我的生活中都很活躍，并正在給 她們灌輸那些她曾教給我和我哥哥的價值觀：同情心、正直、自信和堅定。所有這些都包 含在無條件的愛之中，那是只有一個祖母才能給予的愛。

我也很幸運地從一些男性榜樣那里得到珍愛和鼓勵，包括我父親、哥哥、叔伯和祖

父。我生命中的男人們也教會我一些重要的東西。他們教會我互相尊重的男女關系應該是 什么樣子的。擁有一個牢固的婚姻是什么感覺：那是建立在信念和承諾之上，以及對彼此 獨特天賦的贊賞。他們教我怎樣為人父母、養(yǎng)育家人；不僅要關注自己的家庭也要伸手去 幫助養(yǎng)育更廣泛的社區(qū)里的孩子。

我也在自己的丈夫身上尋找到同樣的品質，他就是巴拉克· 奧巴馬。在我們最初相識 的時候，我記得，他帶我出去約會，而約會內容是和他一起去開一個社區(qū)會議。是啊，夠 浪漫的吧。我們相識的時候，巴拉克是一個社區(qū)組織者。他的工作是幫助人家找工作，以 及努力把資源帶給有困難的鄰里。當他同那個社區(qū)中心里的居民交談的時候他談到兩個概 念：“現(xiàn)實世界”和“理想世界”。我在競選的整個過程中也談到這些。他說，我們常常接 受了這兩種觀念之間的差距；有的時侯我們滿足于現(xiàn)實世界，即使它沒有反映我們的價值 14 觀和愿望。但是那天巴拉克提醒了我們，包括在那間屋子里的所有人，我們都知道世界應 該是什么樣子的。我們都知道公平、正義和機會是什么樣子的，我們全都知道。他敦促到 會的人們，那個社區(qū)里的人們，使他們獻身于縮小那兩種觀念之間的差距，一起努力把現(xiàn) 實世界變成和理想世界一樣。

我今天想起這些是因為我確信，在這所學校里，你們所有人都是縮小這差距非常重要 的因素。你們是要建立理想世界的女性。你們將寫出歷史的下一個篇章，不只是為你們自 己，而且是為你們這一代人以及未來的幾代人。這就是為什么得到良好的教育是這么的重 要。這就是為什么你們正在這經(jīng)歷的所有這一切—— 一切的成功與失敗，所有的老師，無 論你喜歡與否——都很重要，因為社區(qū)和國家，還有歸根結底這個世界，它們的強大取決 于其中女性的健康。記住這一點很重要。我們知道你們能做到。我們愛你們。謝謝大家。Passage 3 在“2009 金融與重慶可持續(xù)發(fā)展研討會”上的開幕致詞 倫敦金融城市長陸毅安先生

尊敬的副市長先生，總領事先生，女生們、先生們：

今天很高興跟各位一道啟動“2009 金融與重慶可持續(xù)發(fā)展研討會”。非常感謝重慶 市金融辦和諾實公司的曹平先生對本次研討會的贊助！

幾周前，我與全國人大外事委員會的幾位委員進行了會晤，并聆聽了全國人大環(huán)資委 的資深委員楊庚宇先生講述中國正在采取的節(jié)能減排措施。在實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)的低碳復蘇方 面，我們一致認為經(jīng)濟滑坡給了我們大家投資綠色技術并出臺相應政策的機會，同時，我 還要指出，這次機遇也肯定會給中國和英國創(chuàng)造大量的就業(yè)。將這一切變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實的諸多政策已經(jīng)到位。這些政策包括： ●“英中可持續(xù)城市行動計劃”，該計劃是去年溫家寶總理訪問英國的時候簽訂的； ● 2009 年英中峰會達成的在氣候變化、低碳示范區(qū)和氣候變化技術轉讓方面的協(xié)議； ● 中國“十二五”規(guī)劃中的環(huán)境目標；

● 最近英國政府和重慶市政府簽署的備忘錄；

● 同時，英國政府還致力于跟中國政府緊密合作，解決任何突出的知識產(chǎn)權問題。因此，我們非常希望利用這個契機讓重慶成為21 世紀世界版圖上致力于環(huán)保的中心 城市。

我們知道，一個重視提高能效和推廣可再生技術的綠色財政刺激方案，在全球愈發(fā) 認識到我們必須走向綠色的時候，肯定能有效地推動就業(yè)、刺激經(jīng)濟，并帶來競爭優(yōu)勢。正如英國外務大臣幾周前指出的一樣：“綠色不再是議事日程上的一項議題，它就是整個 議程?！?/p>

雖然接下來要采取的措施需要這次研討會討論決定，但這里我想說，英國非常愿意盡 可能地為重慶提供必要的融資和技術上的支持，并且已經(jīng)在這么做了。渣打銀行與亞洲開 發(fā)銀行的能效提升計劃就是諸多例子之一。另一個案例則是諾實公司力推的極富想象力的“兩河技術產(chǎn)業(yè)園”項目。根據(jù)其企劃

案，該項目在吸引高科技企業(yè)入園的同時，將幫助重慶實現(xiàn)在最近雙方簽署的“重慶－英 國可持續(xù)城市備忘錄”中提出的城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調發(fā)展的目標。當然，“兩河技術產(chǎn)業(yè)園”項目還需要重慶市政府的最終批準，而且，我們很高興看 到該項目迅速得到了重視。這是好消息！

女士們，先生們，我們任重而道遠！雙方的良好意愿已經(jīng)以備忘錄和政策的形式得以 體現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)在需要的就是具體落實！謝謝大家！

Passage 4 斐濟總理沃雷恩蓋· 姆拜尼馬拉馬上海世博會電視致詞 致2010 年中國上海世博會：

很高興斐濟可以和其他太平洋國家一同參加2010 年上海世博會。2010 年上海世界 貿易博覽會是一個極好的機會，它將227 個參加這次世界文化盛會的國家聚集在一起，探索并分享各國的寶貴創(chuàng)新與經(jīng)驗。毫無疑問，今天世界正見證著一個巨大的成功，一個 至少會吸引全球七千多萬訪客的盛大博覽活動，一個以視覺、嗅覺、味覺、聽覺、感覺來 呈現(xiàn)各國文化魅力的展示平臺。

此次博覽會首次由一個發(fā)展中國家舉辦，而且規(guī)模如此宏大，體現(xiàn)了中國政府在籌備

組織的帶領指導下，奉獻、擔當與勤勉的精神。在此，我謹代表斐濟，向為此次盛會成功 籌備和舉辦而付出了不懈努力的中華人民共和國表示感謝與祝賀，代表我們代表團，向中 國政府世博會的主辦機構及辛勤努力的工作人員，表示最誠摯的感謝，感謝你們的幫助和 奉獻。我要祝賀你們團隊，并保證太平洋國家館將會盡展我們的祝愿和我們這個地區(qū)的獨 特之處，而斐濟展臺更將是一份獨特的體驗。我還想感謝中國主辦機構提供的財政幫助。這是一個讓世界了解中國的有利時機，是發(fā)展并加強與各參展國之間合作關系的絕佳契 機，斐濟非常榮幸可以成為其中的一員。

這次博覽會為我們提供的跨文化對話的創(chuàng)新和互動，集中體現(xiàn)了今年的主題“城市，讓生活更美好”。這一主題體現(xiàn)了我們要改善身處其中的社會環(huán)境的追求，而科學技術的 發(fā)展以及此次博覽會的質量則反映了這一主題，并且提醒我們在提供人類基本需求的同時 還應改善和豐富城市人民的生活。

能夠參加2010 年上海世博會是斐濟以及其他太平洋島國的驕傲，我們覺得我們也為

此次博覽會的成功作出了貢獻。我相信2010 上海世博會必將長久地留存于我們的記憶。預祝博覽會圓滿成功，謝謝你們。

Passage 5 奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在歡迎胡錦濤主席訪美儀式上的致詞

各位早上好！胡主席、中國代表團的各位成員：我謹代表米歇爾，并以我個人的名 義，歡迎你們光臨白宮。我還要代表美國人民，歡迎你們訪問美國。年前，也是在一月的一天，另外一位美國總統(tǒng)曾經(jīng)站在這里，歡迎另外一位中國 16 領導人，共同慶祝美國和中華人民共和國關系正?；@一歷史事件。那一天，鄧小平在講 話中談到了我們兩國展開合作的偉大前景。

如今回首1979 年的那個冬日，就可以明顯地看出，在那之前的30 年里，我們兩國 彼此隔絕疏遠；而其后的30 年，是我們不斷交流和理解增長的年代；這次訪問可以為今 后30 年打下基礎。

當前，有些人對美中合作所帶來的好處持懷疑態(tài)度，而這次訪問也是展示一個簡單

真理的時機，那就是，對方的成功，對我們本方的利益是事關重大的。在一個相互關聯(lián) 的世界里，在全球經(jīng)濟中，各個國家，包括我們兩國在內，齊心協(xié)力就會更加繁榮、更 加安全。

美國歡迎中國作為國際社會強大、繁榮和成功的一員而崛起。的確，中國的成功給我 們兩國人民都帶來了經(jīng)濟實惠，而我們在一系列問題上的合作也推進了亞太地區(qū)乃至世界 的穩(wěn)定。

我們也知道這一點：歷史表明，當所有國家和人民的權利和責任，包括每一個人所

享有的普世的權利得到維護時，社會就會更加和諧，國家就會更加成功，世界就會更加 公正。

主席先生，我們可以向我們的人民學習，中國和美國的學生和教育家、企業(yè)界人士、游客、研究人員和科學家，包括今天在場的華裔美國人，每天都在并肩合作，共同努力。他們知道，即使我們兩國在某些領域彼此競爭，我們還可以在許多其他領域本著相互尊重 的精神，為了我們共同的利益進行合作。

鄧小平先生多年前說過的話仍然符合實際，我們兩國合作的可能性依然十分廣闊。

胡主席，中國代表團的成員，讓我們共同抓住這些可能性吧。歡迎來到美利堅合眾國。歡迎！Passage 6 Minister Cheng Deming’s Opening Address at the 6th China-ASEAN Expo Your Excellency Vice Premier Li Keqiang, Ladies and gentlemen, Today, we are gathered in the beautiful city of Naning to welcome a magnificent exposition, to enjoy the fruits of our partnerships and envision a promising common future.On behalf of the Ministry of Commerce of China, I would like to extend a warm welcome and heartfelt gratitude to the many old and new friends who have been supporting and participating in the 6th China-ASEAN Expo.China and the ASEAN are good friends, good neighbors and good partners.Recent years have seen our bilateral economic and trade ties breaking successive new grounds.We have worked together to build this 17 platform of the China-ASEAN Expo, bringing benefits of investment and trade facilitation to the enterprises and people of this region and accelerating construction of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.We shall be very happy to see the launching of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area as scheduled in the beginning of next year.This FTA, as one of the largest of its kind in the world and benefiting 1.9 billion people, will push the China-ASEAN partnership to new heights.This year’s Expo, taking advantage of this strategic timing, will be more pragmatic in contents, more in-depth in cooperation and more wide-ranging in communication.It will surely contribute to the efforts of all parties to deal with the international financial crisis, promote investment and trade facilitation, tide over current difficulties and achieve mutual win-wins.I wish the 6th China-ASEAN Expo a full success and thank you all very much!Passage 7 Governor Jiang Jufeng’s Remarks at the Welcoming Banquet for the South Asia-Sichuan Regional Business Promotion Seminar Your Excellency Vice Chairman Yu Ping of CCPIT, Your Excellency President Annisul Huq of SAARC Chamber of Commerce, Ladies and gentlemen, Good evening!The Sichuan Provincial People’s government is hosting a reception banquet here tonight to welcome the distinguished leaders and guests attending the South Asia-Sichuan Regional Business Promotion Seminar.As a major province in West China, we in Sichuan will spare no efforts in promoting the friendly exchanges and common development between Sichuan and South Asian countries.I am convinced that the ever more wideranging and sincere and mutually beneficial cooperation between our two sides will be conducive to the regional common development, bringing more rewards to the people in Sichuan and South Asia.Presented at tonight’s welcoming banquet are leaders of the chambers of

commerce of the eight South Asian countries, diplomats from your embassies and consulates and representatives of the business communities.May I wish you all pleasant conversations and new friendships at the banquet, and a wonderful stay in our beautiful province!18 To conclude, may I wish the South Asia-Sichuan Regional Business Promotion Seminar a great success, and all the guests here great health and good appetite!Thank you!Passage 8 Chief Executive Ho Hau Wah’s Toast at the Dinner Marking the 10th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Macao SAR Your Excellency President Hu Jintao and Madame Liu Yongqing, Distinguished guests, friends, Ladies and gentlemen, On the eve of the 10th anniversary of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, I am honoured to welcome again our leader President Hu Jintao to Macao and join us here tonight.First of all, on behalf of the Government and the citizens of the Macao Special Administrative Region, I would like to extend our warmest welcome and highest respect to President Hu and Madame Liu, as well as all leaders from the Central Government’s delegation.At the same time, let me extend our cordial greetings and heartfelt gratitude to all guests and friends present.In the past ten years, under the leadership and support of the Central Government, and with the coordinated efforts of our citizens, the Macao SAR Government rigorously upheld the Basic Law of Macao in the course of our governance, and was fully committed to the implementation of the principle of “one country, two systems”.Today, the stability of our society in Macao is ensured.Overall strength of our city is raised.The livelihood of our residents continues to improve.The building of our institution is gradually enhanced.The tradition of patriotism is passed on through generations.The successful implementation of “one country, two systems”, “Macao people governing Macao” and a high degree of autonomy has achieved early results.This has demonstrated the objective correctness and ample vitality of these principles.Dear guests, ladies and gentlemen, On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the Macao Special Administrative Region, we deeply feel the wisdom and bold vision of Mr.Deng Xiaoping who founded the great cause of “one country, two systems”.We also remember the encouragement entrusted to us by President Jiang Zemin on the first anniversary of Macao’s return to our Motherland.We will also never forget the arrival to Macao of President Hu Jintao on the fifth 19 anniversary of the Macao SAR and his important four-point suggestion which has been giving us fundamental guidance.The ten-year course of development of the Macao SAR vividly shows that the successful implementation of “one country, two systems” in Macao relies on the unswerving concern and support from the Central Government and people all over the country.Here, I would like to extend our profound appreciation to President Hu Jintao, the Central Government and all Chinese people.I would also like to take this opportunity to thank President Hu and the Central Government for the trust and support bestowed on me.At the same time, allow me to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all citizens and civil servants in Macao for their understanding and support.The history of the Macao SAR will turn a new page tomorrow.I truly believe that under the leadership and support of the Central Government, our third term Chief Executive, Mr.Chui Sai On, will lead the new administration and the people in Macao to uphold the Basic Law and strive in unity in order to create a new wave of prosperity and harmony in Macao, and to bring the successful implementation of “one country, two systems” to the next new level.Ladies and gentlemen, May I now propose a toast, to the health of President Hu and Madame Liu, to the health of all guests and friends, to the prosperity of our motherland and the bright future of Macao.Cheers!Passage 9 President Xie Heping’s Introductory Speech Before Pakistan

Prime Minister Aziz’s Talk at Sichuan University

Your Excellency Prime Minister Aziz of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Your Excellency Vice Governor Huang Xiaoxiang of the Sichuan Provincial People’s Government，Your Excellency Mr.Luo Zhaohui, ambassador of the People’s Republic of China to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Faculties, students, Ladies and gentlemen, Today, we are extremely honored to have with us His Excellency Mr.Shaukat Aziz, Prime Minister of Pakistan and an old friend of the Chinese people.On behalf of Sichuan University, I would like to extend our most 20 sincere gratitude and warmest welcome to Prime Minister Aziz and the other distinguished guests presenting here.Mr.Shaukat Aziz is a legend in both political and financial circles.He spent over 30 years in banking and finance in a number of countries including Jordan, the Phillipines, Malaysia, the United States and the UK.Since 1992 he served as Vice President of Citibank of America for 7 years.He was appointed as Pakistan’s Minister of Finance and in 2004, he became the Prime Minister of Pakistan.His rich experience and great wisdom in handling complicated problems have played a critical and profound role in promoting Pakistan’s social and economic development.During his tenure of office, Pakistan has enjoyed basic social stability.Pakistan’s industrial growth soared from 3.8 percent in 2001 to 14 percent in 2004.With an unprecedented annual economic growth rate of 8.4 percent, Pakistan ranks second in Asia, next only to China.With the new strategy of “open and moderate development” implemented in recent years, the Pakistani government has also made significant contributions to the international anti-terrorist campaign, world peace and stability and regional economic advancement.China-Pakistan friendship dates far back and runs a long course.The two countries have been treating each other with all sincerity and cooperating in a mutually beneficial manner, and this has set a good example to the stateto-state relations in the world.We are proud of our friendship, and cherish every moment of the communication and cooperation between the two countries.I believe Mr.Aziz’s speech today will open our eyes and broaden our minds, and will be of great significance to promoting our opening-up and regional social and economic cooperation.Now ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming our honorable guest, His Excellency Prime Minister Aziz.Passage 10 Remarks by President Hu Jintao at the White House at the Official Arrival Ceremony Mr.President, Mrs.Obama, ladies and gentlemen, dear friends, it gives me great pleasure to come to Washington and pay a state visit to the United States at the beginning of the new year, at the invitation of President Obama.At this point in time, let me extend, on behalf of the 1.3 billion Chinese people, sincere greetings and best wishes to the people of the United States.I have come to the United States to increase mutual trust, enhance 21 friendship, deepen cooperation, and push forward the positive, cooperative, and comprehensive China-U.S.relationship for the 21st century.Over the past 32 years, since the establishment of diplomatic ties, the China-U.S.relationship has grown into one with strategic significance and global influence.Since President Obama took office, with concerted efforts of the two sides, our cooperation in various fields has produced fruitful results and our relations have achieved new progress.This has brought real benefits to our two peoples, and contributed greatly to world peace and development.As we enter the second decade of the 21st century, the people of both China and the United States want to see further progress in our relations and people around the globe want to see greater prosperity in the world.Under the new circumstances, and in the face of new challenges, China and the United States share broad common interests and important common responsibilities.We should adopt a long-term perspective, seek common ground while resolving differences, and work together to achieve sustained, sound, and steady development of our relations.I hope that through this visit, our two countries will advance the positive, cooperative, and comprehensive relationship, and open a new chapter in our cooperation as partners.Ladies and gent lemen, our wor ld today is undergoing major development, major changes and major adjustments.To pursue peace, development and cooperation is the irresistible trend of our time.Let us seize the opportunity to forge ahead, hand in hand, and work together to enhance cooperation as partners, and let us work with all other countries to build a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity.Thank you once again, Mr.President, for your warm welcome.22

第三篇：研究生英語教程《法律英語》譯文2

在11世紀末,博洛尼亞大學開始教授羅馬法,尤其是《法律大全》。這在一開始是一項單純的學術活動，因為羅馬法在西歐任何一個地方不再是法律。這標志著之后被認為三羅馬法淵源的開端。之后其他西歐大學緊跟博洛尼亞的領導，幾世紀后由于一些復雜的原因這里就不再贅述，羅馬法在歐洲大陸幾乎任何一個地方都被接受。它成為歐洲大陸的“普通法”。

羅馬法事實上被接受限于我們所稱的“私法”（所有權，侵權，合同等）。那是為什么民法學家把我們所說的私法簡單的稱為“民法”。（公民權，物權和債權）。

盡管現(xiàn)在大部分民法國家都有一部民法典，但事實上法典化是近期的一種現(xiàn)象。第一部民法典僅僅可以追溯到1804年，而第一部日耳曼民法典可以追溯到1896年。

法國和日耳曼法典是兩個主要的民法類型。拿破侖把他的法典帶到了他和他的軍隊所到達的任何一寸土地。法國民法典類型在拉丁語國家包括歐洲和美洲都有深遠影響。在蘇維埃政權（蘇聯(lián)）占領之前，它也深深影響了前歐洲國家。日耳曼法已被日本接納。

2，法律方法——比較

你一定了解民法法律方法教程和你所學的會完全不一樣。在你法律職業(yè)生涯的開端，你意識到在不同的社會形態(tài)和文化形態(tài)中法律會扮演著不同的角色，這點相當重要。在美國，你將學習的不是應然法而是實然法。下面是關于民法與普通法的一些區(qū)別。

首先，在普通法國家，判例通常被認為是主要的法律淵源。法律方法教程是以判例教學為起點的。在羅馬法國家，判例至少在理論上不會被簡單的看作是一種法律的淵源。現(xiàn)實更可能是這樣的：在普通法國家立法變得更加重要，在羅馬法國家判例變得越來越重要。但是，羅馬法學家和普通法學家對立法和判例的態(tài)度卻截然不同。

羅馬法學家傾向于把民法典看作為一部包羅萬象的文書。他們愿意對其進行大量的解釋，使為了讓其達到調節(jié)整個司法的目的。該部法典適用于這種解釋是因為它的條款通常被制定的相當籠統(tǒng)抽象。

相對而言，在普通法管轄區(qū)立法更傾向于被認為是判例法的一種例外。因而法院傾向于更嚴格的解釋法律。結果，法院和立法者為了解決相當特殊的問題，就要傾向于用特殊條文來闡述法律規(guī)則。一般情況下，判例和立法不應該運用抽象條款或者闡述一般原則。

民法學生將研習“法律學說”而不是案例?！胺蓪W說”是法學教授對法律是什么和應該是什么的文章的匯集。在民法中，“法律學說”被認為是法源的一種并享有很高的贊譽。你應該記得的是：是高等學府，而不是法院，將民法再次引入了歐洲大陸。因而后不意外的是法學專家在給法律下定義的時候仍扮演著重要的角色。普通法專家一般在他們自己管轄區(qū)內沒有同等的地位，法官享有最高聲望。

每個國家的法學教育不盡相同，但可以很直接的說，美國法學教育很新穎并且在很多方面是獨一無二的。案例法或問答法對于美國是很獨特的。你一定很清楚的是，在民法國家“判和例”不被予以考慮。在那些國家（正如英國的案例中）法律就是學士學位。法學教育比在美國更悠久。教育方式具有權威性——教授講法律知識傳授給他或者她的那些做筆記并且不干擾課堂的學生。

第四篇：大學英語綜合教程2翻譯

To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking.Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important.Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English.It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result.As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year.We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material satisfaction.George, the son of Mr.Johnson, liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings, which made it hard for other residents in the community to fall asleep.Eventually the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interference.They called Mr.Johnson to tell him in a frank manner what they were thinking.Mr.Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue.As soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has come over you? You should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement.” In the end George traded his CDs for computer games software from his classmates.Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer.I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier.I can write, subm it and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss.With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news.But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times.The system may crash.Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret

Numerous facts bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry.You needn’t/don’t have to be ashamed of crying.Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears.Consider the case of /Take Donna.Her son unfortunately died in a car accident.The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry.She said, “It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry.And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders.It was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.”

Nancy Hopkins is a biology professor at MIT.She craves knowledge and works hard.However, as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of gender inequality on campus.Men and women professors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators were rather selective.It is ironic that after so much cultural progress, women were still at a disadvantage in institutions of higher education.When her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to fight.So she gritted her teeth and complained to the President.The fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a gender-equity advocate.Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people, linguists believe

that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language.English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century.They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English.In over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing.As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English.Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language

第五篇：大學英語綜合教程2翻譯

To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking.Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important.Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English.It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result.As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year.We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material satisfaction.George, the son of Mr.Johnson, liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings, which made it hard for other residents in the community to fall asleep.Eventually the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interference.They called Mr.Johnson to tell him in a frank manner what they were thinking.Mr.Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue.As soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has come over you? You should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement.” In the end George traded his CDs for computer games software from his classmates.Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer.I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier.I can write, subm it and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss.With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news.But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times.The system may crash.Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret

Numerous facts bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry.You needn’t/don’t have to be ashamed of crying.Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears.Consider the case of /Take Donna.Her son unfortunately died in a car accident.The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry.She said, “It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry.And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders.It was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.”

Nancy Hopkins is a biology professor at MIT.She craves knowledge and works hard.However, as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of gender inequality on campus.Men and womenprofessors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators were rather selective.It is ironic that after so much cultural progress, women were still at a disadvantage in institutions of higher education.When her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to fight.So she gritted her teeth and complained to the President.The fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a gender-equity advocate.Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people, linguists believe

that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: theIndo-European parent language.English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century.They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English.In over fifteen centuries of itsdevelopment, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing.As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the Englishlanguage: American English.Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language