第一篇：短文改錯的重要突破口——查行文的一致性

短文改錯的重要突破口——查行文的一致性

通過分析近幾年NMET中的短文改錯題，筆者認(rèn)為約百分之五十的錯誤設(shè)置與行文的一致性有關(guān)。因此，答題時查文章在行文中是否保持一致是發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤并加以糾正的一個重要突破口。在尋查錯誤時，必須打破行的界限，通篇考慮，起碼也要以一個完整的句子為單位。下面筆者就以近幾年的高考試題為例，談?wù)劙涯膸讉€方

面作為突破口去查尋行文不一致的錯誤。

一、查時態(tài)是否一致

時態(tài)錯誤幾乎是每年NMET短文改錯中必設(shè)的改錯題。要有目的地去檢查文中的每一個謂語動詞的時態(tài)與上下文、語境以及該句的時間狀語是否相符和一致。例如：

1.Today,itismucheasiertobehealthythanitisinthepast.(NMET'93)is應(yīng)改為was，使之與時間狀語inthepast一致。

2.Ihadalwayswantedtoreturntothevillageaftermovingaway.Anditisreallygreattoseemostofmyoldfriendsagain.(NMET'95)is應(yīng)改為was，與前面分句的時態(tài)一致。

3.Theyofferedmecoffeeandotherdrinks.Wehaveagoodtimetalkingandlaughingtogether.(NMET'96)have與前面句子中offered時態(tài)不一致，應(yīng)改為had。

4.Hello,IlearnaboutyoufrommyEnglishteacher,MiFang.(NMET'97)learn（得知）在這里不是表示一個經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，應(yīng)改為過去時learned。（本來此處還可改為havelearned，由于“短文改錯”題要求，每行只允許改一個錯誤，故havelearned不能接受。）

5.Myfavouriteortisfootball.Iwasamemberofourfootballteam.(NMET'98)全文都是用的一般現(xiàn)在時，此句中的was顯然與上下文語境不符，應(yīng)改為am。

6.LastSunday,policecarshurrytothetallerbuildinginNewYork…(NMET'92)hurry應(yīng)改為hurried，才可與時間狀語lastSunday一致。

二、查主謂是否一致

在檢查謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是否正確的同時，還要注意檢查該動詞在人稱和數(shù)上是否與主語保持了一致。例如：

1.Anyonemayborrowbooks,anditcostnothingtoborrowthem.(NMET'94)cost應(yīng)改為costs，因其主語是it（為形式主語），且上下文均為一般現(xiàn)在時。

2.Thenewboyorgirlinschoolquicklybecomeoneofthecla…(NMET'93)由or連接的兩個以上的主語應(yīng)由靠近謂語的主語來決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，故become應(yīng)改為becomes。

3.Playingfootballnotonly…butalsogiveusaseeoffairplayandteamirit.(NMET'98)此句的主語是playingfootball，視為第三人稱單數(shù)，其謂語give應(yīng)改為gives。

4.Therearebranchlibraryinmanyvillages.(NMET'94)句中主語library應(yīng)改為復(fù)數(shù)形式libraries，因為前面是thereare，主謂應(yīng)一致。主謂語一致的情況較為復(fù)雜，考生平時學(xué)習(xí)要留心歸納。有些特殊句式的主謂一致問題很容易被忽視，如倒裝句、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語的情況等，答題時要高度重視。

三、查指代是否一致

對于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個代詞都要查一下它所指代的內(nèi)容以及在句中的作用，注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后一致，包括人稱代詞、指標(biāo)代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞以及疑問代詞等。指代錯誤也是高考改錯題中常設(shè)的改錯題。例如：

1.Weclimbeverywhere,notonlyinAmerica.TheyhavebeentoEurope…(NMET'92)根據(jù)上下文，句中的They屬指代不一致，應(yīng)改為We。

2.Thegameeaksforthemselves.(MET'90)句中的反身代詞themselves應(yīng)改為單數(shù)itself，因為指代的是單數(shù)主語thegame。

3.AndIcan'tforgetthefoodyoucookedforI.(NMET'95)人

稱代詞在作介詞的賓語時用賓格，I應(yīng)改為me。

4.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.(NMET'96)句子的主語theSmiths表示的是復(fù)數(shù)概念“史密斯一家人”，故其指代詞應(yīng)該用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)their而不是his。

5.IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.(NMET'97)關(guān)

系副詞where在引導(dǎo)定語從句時不可作主語，應(yīng)將其改為關(guān)系代詞which。

6.Theortteachesustheimportanceofobedience.Eachplayermustobeythecaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.(NMET'98)縱觀全篇短文，都是用的第一人稱。這里突然冒出一個第三人稱they，顯然不一致，應(yīng)改為we。

四、查平行結(jié)構(gòu)是否平行一致

由and，or，but，either…or…，neither…nor…，notonly…butalso…，aswellas等并列連詞和詞組連接的結(jié)構(gòu)可稱為平行結(jié)構(gòu)。平行結(jié)構(gòu)在詞性、時態(tài)、非謂語動詞的形式上往往要求前后一致。答題時要留心平行結(jié)構(gòu)前后是否對等平行，這也是常設(shè)的錯誤。例如：

1.Modernpeopleknow…，havebetterfood，andtoliveincleanersurroundings.(NMET'93)應(yīng)將tolive前的to刪掉，因為and連接的是know，have，live三個并列平行的謂語動詞，其時態(tài)和形式必須一致。

2.Hesaiditwasbesttostayuntilhelparrivedratherthangointotheforestandgettinglost.(NMET'91)go…andgetting顯然不平行，應(yīng)將getting改為get。

3.Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.(NMET'96)句中的drove顯然與and前面的tomeet不平行，應(yīng)改為drive。

五、查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與修飾詞語或上下文是否一致

名詞數(shù)的錯誤也是高考常設(shè)的改錯題。要查一下名詞是否可數(shù)，與其修飾語是否一致。例如：

1.…TheyhavebeentoEuropemanytime.(NMET'92)time（次）顯然與修飾語many不一致，應(yīng)改為times。

2.(They)…askedmelotsofquestion.(NMET'96)question是可數(shù)名詞，其修飾詞是lotsof，當(dāng)然應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)questio。

3.Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths,Chinese…(NMET'97)quiteafew只能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故subject應(yīng)改為subjects。

4.(We)…oftenwatchfootballmatchonTVtogether.(NMET'98)根據(jù)上下文和該句中的often來判斷，句中的match應(yīng)該是matches。

六、查行文邏輯是否一致

查這方面的錯誤應(yīng)從文章整體內(nèi)容出發(fā)，通篇考慮，以行為單位是難以發(fā)現(xiàn)這種錯誤的。邏輯不一致主要是由肯定與否定、關(guān)聯(lián)詞語以及動詞（如come與go，take與bring）的誤用所造成的，應(yīng)多從這方面去查找。例如：

1.Mostpeoplecanquicklygethelpfromadoctororgotoahoitalsincetheyareill.（NMET'93）根據(jù)行文邏輯，這里不應(yīng)該由since來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，而應(yīng)該是when/whenever或if來引導(dǎo)時間或條件狀語從句。

2.Wetriedtofixitandtherewasnothingwecoulddo.（NMET'91）根據(jù)行文邏輯，表示并列關(guān)系的and應(yīng)改為表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but。

第二篇：短文改錯十見十查

高考短文改錯解題思路 短文改錯“十見十查”

短文改錯所考查的范圍，都屬典型、常見的病句，很少出現(xiàn)偏、難、怪句。做這類題，一般要依照考綱要求，對可能出現(xiàn)的病句進(jìn)行分類，按照結(jié)構(gòu)混亂，成分殘缺，用詞贅余，搭配不當(dāng)，詞義不通，不合邏輯等進(jìn)行改錯。但以上幾種做題要求比較籠統(tǒng)，操作性比較差，效果不太明顯。

在學(xué)生完全清楚以上做題原則的情況下，最有效的方法是注意每行中的關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)。由于這個詞或這個結(jié)構(gòu)的存在，人們在運(yùn)用語言時常常出錯，而命題者也往往在這里設(shè)錯考查。

一、見有平行結(jié)構(gòu)，查是否患有用詞不一致或成分缺失而引起的句子不均衡病。

1.The doctor suggested plenty of food, rest and exercising

句中并列的應(yīng)是三個結(jié)構(gòu)相同的賓語，但exercising用了動名詞形式，與前兩個名詞不對稱，故應(yīng)改為exercise.2.She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when l arrived.主句中并列謂語一個用了過去進(jìn)行時，一個用了一般過去時，在時態(tài)上不一致。應(yīng)把:“drank ”改為“drinking”。

二、見有比較結(jié)構(gòu)，查是否患有形容詞、副詞的級，程度副詞，比較的對象及冠詞誤用之病。

1.People in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.比較級形式重復(fù)，去掉 more.2.There are more trees in villages than cities.比較的對象有誤，應(yīng)在介詞結(jié)構(gòu)“in villages”, “ in cities” 之間對比。故在 cities 前加介詞 in.又如：The weather here is colder than in Shanghai.句中對比的雙方是“The weather here”和“The weather in Shanghai”，所以應(yīng)在 than 后加that ,代替名詞the weather,補(bǔ)全對比的雙方。但該句也可以這樣說：It is colder here than in Shanghai.3.In some places you may borrow many books as you want.這應(yīng)是一個包含 as...as 結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，但句中只有一個as，前一個遺漏了，所以要在 many 前加上as。

三、見有轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對比等句子結(jié)構(gòu)，查是否患有行文邏輯不一致病。

1.I like singing，my brother likes dancing.漢語中有時不需要連詞，講完一個分句接下去講另一個分句。英語中連詞使用比漢語廣泛得多。該句應(yīng)在后一個分句前加 while ,表示對比。

2.A lady came to the window with the ball and shouted at the boy, and he ran away.男孩跑開了，是因為打破了人家的窗子，而受到喝斥。按邏輯，上下文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)把后一個 and 改為so。

3.Mr.Lee’s company publishes books and he buys books all over the world.前后敘述事實(shí)矛盾，不合邏輯，應(yīng)把 buys 改為sells。

四、見有多重句，查是否患有時態(tài)、語態(tài)混亂，引導(dǎo)詞不當(dāng)，成分缺失病。

1.I always wanted to return to the village after moving away and is really great to see most of my old friends again.該句后一個分句與前一個分句時態(tài)和人稱不一致，應(yīng)把 is 改為 was。

有了思路，要在聯(lián)系中不斷的體會，才能融會貫通。

學(xué)貴有恒，每天堅持練兩篇試試！高考短文改錯解題思路 2.Tom asks Mary if she knows the man is speaking to her.句法成分多余或缺少?？梢栽?is 前加 who 或去掉 is。

3.And whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you.whether 改為if。whether 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，作“是否”解，有時可換用if，這里是條件狀語從句，只用 if

4.He lives in Beijing, where is capital of China.在這個非限制性定語從句中，引導(dǎo)詞要作主語，所以應(yīng)把關(guān)系副詞where改為關(guān)系代詞which。

5.He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there.該句錯在連詞重復(fù)使用。immediately 在這里是連詞，與 as soon as 同義，引導(dǎo)后面的從句，所以應(yīng)去掉一個連詞。

五、見有特殊疑問句，查是否患有疑問詞使用不當(dāng)病。

1.---How much was the price of your car?

---I bought the car at a cheap price, only 2,000 dollars.英語中問價格（price）常以what提問，以high或low回答。所以該句中How much應(yīng)改為What, cheap改為low。只有在敘述某物的價值時，才用cheap或expensive.如；The car is cheap.2.China’s population is more than any other countries in the world.問population也不用how much/ many, 而要用what，回答時用large或big, little。所以文中的more應(yīng)改為larger。另外，address, weight, phone number 等抽象名詞，也要用what提問。

六、見有名詞和代詞，查是否患有數(shù)、格、指代不一致病。

1.Different people speak different language.這里是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)不一致，應(yīng)該把 language 改為 languages。

2.Some people read the books or watch television While others have sports.句中books前多一定冠詞the。books 在該句中為泛指，而不是特指哪些書。

3.What a lovely weather we are having today.去掉a.weather是不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加冠詞a。

七、見有并列主語，從句作主語，不定代詞、集合名詞、非謂語動詞作主語，時間、距離、金錢作主語，together with等引導(dǎo)的成分修飾主語等，查是否患有主謂不一致病。

1.Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.but also 后面的分句的主語是動名詞 “playing football”, 承前省略了。所以give改為gives，與前一個分句的謂語makes一致。

2.She as well as her brothers are fond of studying English.are 改為 is，使主謂保持一致。with, together with, as well as, but, besides, including等起連接作用的詞引導(dǎo)的部分只對主語起修飾作用，不視作主語。

3.About 2,000 dollars have been spent in buying new dress for his beautiful wife this year.have 改為has, “about 2,000 dollars” 作為 “一筆錢” 常視作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)。

八、見有短語、詞組，查是否患有固定結(jié)構(gòu)中副詞、介詞或冠詞使用不當(dāng)病。

1.Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.有了思路，要在聯(lián)系中不斷的體會，才能融會貫通。

學(xué)貴有恒，每天堅持練兩篇試試！高考短文改錯解題思路 去掉a，“看見” 的固定短語是 “catch sight of”.2.When he came back he found someone had broken in his house.把in改為into, “break into”是固定搭配，為 “破門而入”之意。

九、見有特殊動詞，查是否患有非謂語動詞或虛擬語氣使用不當(dāng)病。

1.He made me to post a letter for him.去掉to。在make, have, feel, let 及感官動詞后的復(fù)合賓語中，用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。(但變成被動語態(tài)后，主語補(bǔ)足語要用帶to的不定式)

2.Don’t forget taking your umbrella when you leave here.taking改為to take.forget, remember, regret等詞后跟動詞時，動名詞所表示的動作先于謂語動作；后跟不定式，表示“要去做……”。

3.I suggested to go there with him after work.to go 改為going.suggest及在中學(xué)課本中常見的advice, finish, mind, enjoy, require, practice, consider, miss, avoid, admit, delay, imagine, risk, keep, escape, resist等動詞，要接動名詞作賓語。

4.He ordered that the work must be started at once.去掉must, 或改為should。order及demand, require, request, insist, propose, advise, suggest等動詞后的賓語從句，常用虛擬語氣 “should十原形動詞” 作謂語，should可以省略。

十、見有非謂語動詞作狀語，查是否患有邏輯主語或邏輯賓語使用不當(dāng)病。

1.If it heated, water can be changed into steam.顯然句中的條件狀語是從一個If引起的從句簡化而來，這種 “連詞十非謂語動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語動詞的邏輯主語就是句子主語。所以這里it是多余的，應(yīng)去掉。又如：When hearing the news, he burst into tears.hearing前也不再加he.2.The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it.該句型中不定式“to carry”邏輯上的賓語就是句子的主語，所以句中代詞it重復(fù)，應(yīng)去掉。

短文改錯可能出現(xiàn)的情況不止這些，在你的練習(xí)當(dāng)中還有那些值得總結(jié)的呢？ 例如：

有了思路，要在聯(lián)系中不斷的體會，才能融會貫通。

學(xué)貴有恒，每天堅持練兩篇試試！

第三篇：短文改錯十見十查

短文改錯十見十查

短文改錯所考查的范圍，都屬典型、常見的病句，很少出現(xiàn)偏、難、怪句。做這類題，一般要依照考綱要求，對可能出現(xiàn)的病句進(jìn)行分類，按照結(jié)構(gòu)混亂，成分殘缺，用詞贅余，搭配不當(dāng)，詞義不通，不合邏輯等進(jìn)行改錯。但以上幾種做題要求比較籠統(tǒng)，操作性比較差，效果不太明顯。筆者在多年的復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)中體會到，在學(xué)生完全清楚以上做題原則的情況下，最有效的方法是注意每行中的關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)。由于這個詞或這個結(jié)構(gòu)的存在，人們在運(yùn)用語言時常常出錯，而命題者也往往在這里設(shè)錯考查。

一、見有平行結(jié)構(gòu)，查是否患有用詞不一致或成分缺失而引起的句子不均衡病。1．The doctor suggested plenty of food，rest and exercising．

句中并列的應(yīng)是三個語法結(jié)構(gòu)相同的賓語，但exercising用了動名詞形式，與前兩個名詞不對稱，故應(yīng)改為exercise。

2．She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived． 主句中并列謂語一個用了過去進(jìn)行時，一個用了一般過去時，在時態(tài)上不一致。應(yīng)把“drank”改為“drinking”。

二、見有比較結(jié)構(gòu)，查是否患有形容詞、副詞的級，程度副詞，比較的對象及冠詞誤用之病。

1．People in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past． 比較級形式重復(fù)，去掉more。

2．There are more trees in villages than cities．

比較的對象有誤，應(yīng)在介詞結(jié)構(gòu)“in villages”與“in cities”之間對比。故在cities前加介詞in。又如：The weather here is colder than in Shanghai．句中對比的雙方是“The weather here”和“The weather in Shanghai”，所以應(yīng)在 than后加that，代替名詞the weather，補(bǔ)全對比的雙方。但該句也可以這樣說：It is colder here than in Shanghai． 3．In some places you may borrow many books as you want．（NMET '94）這是一個包含“as．．．a(chǎn)s”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，句中只有后一個as，前一個遺漏了，所以應(yīng)在 many前加上as。

三、見有轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對比等句子結(jié)構(gòu)，查是否患有行文邏輯不一致病。1．I like singing，my brother likes dancing．

漢語中有時不需要連詞，講完一個分句接下去講另一個分句。英語中連詞使用比漢語廣泛得多。該句應(yīng)在后一個分句前加 while，表示對比。2．A lady came to the window with the ball and shouted at the boy，and he ran away． 男孩跑開了，是因為打破了人家的窗子，而受到喝斥，按邏輯，上下文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)把后一個and改為so。

3．Mr Lee's company publishes books and he buys books all over the world． 前后敘述事實(shí)矛盾，不合邏輯，應(yīng)把buys改為sells。

四、見有多重句，查是否患有時態(tài)、語態(tài)混亂，引導(dǎo)詞不當(dāng)，成分缺失病。

1．I always wanted to return to the village after moving away and is really great to see most of my old friends again． 該句后一個分句與前一個分句時態(tài)和人稱不一致，應(yīng)把is改為was。2．Tom asks Mary if she knows the man is speaking to her． 句法成分多余或缺少?？梢栽趇s前加 who或去掉is。

3．And whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard，the librarian will write to you．

whether改為if。whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，作“是否”解，有時可換用if，這里是條件狀語從句，只用if。

4．He lives in Beijing，where is the capital of China．

在這個非限制性定語從句中，引導(dǎo)詞要作主語，所以應(yīng)把關(guān)系副詞where改為關(guān)系代詞which。

5．He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there．

該句錯在連詞重復(fù)使用。immediately在這里是連詞，與as soon as同義，引導(dǎo)后面的從句，所以應(yīng)去掉一個連詞。

五、見有特殊疑問句，查是否患有疑問詞使用不當(dāng)病。

1．—How much was the price of your car？—I bought the car at a cheap price，only 2，000 dollars． 英語中問價格（price），常以what提問，以 high或low回答。所以該句中How much應(yīng)改為What，cheap改為low。只有在敘述某物的價值時，才用cheap或expensive。如：The car is cheap． 2．China's population is more than any other countries'in the world． 問population也不用how much ／many，而要用what，回答時用large或big，little。所以文中的more應(yīng)改為larger。另外，address，weight，phone number等，也要用what提問。

六、見有名詞和代詞，查是否患有數(shù)、格、指代不一致病。1．Different people speak different language．

這里是名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)不一致，應(yīng)該把 language改為languages。

2．Some people read the books or watch television．While others have sports． 句中books前多一定冠詞the。books在該句中為泛指，而不是特指哪些書。

3．What a lovely weather we are having today！去掉a，weather是不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加冠詞a。

七、見有并列主語，從句作主語，不定代詞、集合名詞、非謂語動詞作主語，時間、距離、金錢作主語，together with等引導(dǎo)的成分修飾主語等，查是否患有主語不一致病。1．Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit．（NMET '98）

but also后面的分句的主語是動名詞 playing football，承前省略了，所以give改為 gives，與前一個分句的謂語makes一致。

2．She as well as her brothers are fond of studying English． are改為is，使主謂保持一致。with，together with，as well as，but，besides，including等起連接作用的詞引導(dǎo)的部分只對主語起修飾作用，不視作主語。3．About 2，000 dollars have been spent in buying new dress for his beautiful wife this year． have改為has，“about 2，000 dollars”作為“一筆錢”常視作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)。

八、見有短語、詞組，查是否患有固定結(jié)構(gòu)中副詞、介詞或冠詞使用不當(dāng)病。1．Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd． 去掉a，“看見”的固定短語是“catch sight of”。

2．When he came back，he found someone had broken in his house． 把in改為into，“break into”是固定搭配，為“破門而入”之意。

九、見有特殊動詞，查是否患有非謂語動詞或虛擬語氣使用不當(dāng)病。

1．He made me to post a letter for him． 去掉to。在make，have，feel，let及感官動詞后的復(fù)合賓語中，用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。（但變成被動語態(tài)后，主語補(bǔ)足語要用帶to的不定式）

2．Don't forget taking your umbrella when you leave here． taking改為to take。forget，remember，regret等詞后跟動名詞時，動名詞所表示的動作先于謂語動作；后跟不定式，表示“要去做……”。3．I suggested to go there with him after work． to go改為going。suggest及在中學(xué)課本中常見的advise，finish，mind，enjoy，require，practise，consider，miss，avoid，admit，delay，imagine，risk，keep，escape，resist等動詞，要接動名詞作賓語。

4．He ordered that the work must be started at once． 去掉must，或改為should。order及demand，require，request，insist，propose，advise，suggest等動詞后的賓語從句，常用虛擬語氣“should ＋原形動詞”作謂語，should可以省略。

十、見有非謂語動詞作狀語，查是否患有邏輯主語或邏輯賓語使用不當(dāng)病。1．If it heated，water can be changed into steam．

顯然句中的條件狀語是從一個If引導(dǎo)的從句簡化而來，這種“連詞＋非謂語動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語動詞的邏輯主語就是句子主語。所以這里it是多余的，應(yīng)去掉。又如：When hearing the news，he burst into tears．hearing前也不再加he。2．The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it．

該句型中不定式“to carry”邏輯上的賓語就是句子的主語，所以句中代詞it重復(fù)，應(yīng)去掉。

第四篇：短文改錯

短文改錯

高考英語短文改錯題要求考生判斷一篇短文中十行(自1995年以來)文字是否有錯，如果有錯誤就將其改正。

此題型旨在測試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷并改正短文中錯誤的能力，以及考查考生準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞法、句法、行文邏輯等的綜合能力。

本題型側(cè)重考查考生的詞匯和語法基礎(chǔ)知識，但并不是單純的知識檢測，而是考查考生在閱讀的過程中運(yùn)用語法知識解決實(shí)際問題的能力。

縱觀近幾年高考短文改錯，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其設(shè)題方式比較固定：正確為1個，多詞或缺詞共計3個，錯詞為6個，其比例為1：3:6。

下面引用近幾年的高考題來分析一下此題的三種錯誤類型：多詞、缺詞和錯詞。

一、多詞

1.多冠詞

(l)Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacherin the crowd.【解析lsight是不可數(shù)名詞，且catch sight of是固定搭配，意為“看見”。

(2)For e】cample, when l was a child, the rain was amystery.【解析】，am為不可數(shù)名詞，泛指時前面不用冠詞。

【知識拓寬】

(1)不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時不用冠詞。

Modern people know more about the health, havebetter food，and?

(2)與by連用的交通工具及air，land，sea等名詞前不用冠詞。

by bike騎自行車，by sea由海路，乘船

(3)有些名詞(如school，class，hospital，church，prison，bed，table，town等)與相應(yīng)介詞連用，表示進(jìn)行和這些詞直接相關(guān)的活動時，前不用冠詞。

___ _去上學(xué)，_______坐牢，_______在吃飯

(4)球類運(yùn)動、棋類游戲前，不用冠詞。

___ _打籃球，_______下棋

(5)mo。t副詞作“非常”解時，前面不用定冠詞the。

She is most pretty.她非常漂亮。

(6)?；騮hough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，前置的單數(shù)名詞前不用任何冠詞。

Child as he is,he knows a lot.雖然他只是孩子，知道的卻很多。

2.多介詞

(l)ln fact,they are planning to visit China in next yeaL

(2)We practice for three times every week..(3)So l'm really sorry that l won't be able to come inthis time.【解析】以上三例都是作時間狀語的名詞短語前多了介詞。

(4)?but we do not seem to get much time to talkabout together.【解析】talk about意為“談到??”，是及物動詞短語，后須接介詞賓語，但根據(jù)本句語境，此處不必接賓語，故去掉about。

【知識拓寬】

(1)last night, next week, this year, one day,threetimes等名詞詞組直接充當(dāng)時間狀語，前面不用介詞。

(2)有些動詞在漢語中是不及物動詞，在英語中卻是及物動詞，由于受漢語影響，可能多一個介詞。

serve for the people, follow after the teacher, marrywith her,make him as our monitor,play with Tom in amatch(畫線介詞多余)

(3)有些表示地點(diǎn)的副詞，其意義中已包含to，如果再加to，則多余。

on one's way to there, return to home, go to upstairs(畫線介詞均多余)

(4)有些副詞或介詞詞組后加另一個介詞，構(gòu)成復(fù)合介詞，若后面沒有介詞賓語，介詞則多余。同樣，有些動詞短語是“動詞十介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，若后面沒有介詞賓語，介詞則多余。

①If you won’t go，I'll go instead of.(畫線介詞多余)

②She listened to but heard nothing(畫線介詞多余)

(5)有些動詞或形容詞后接名詞或代詞時，須加一個介詞，但接從句時，必須去掉介詞。

①l never knew about a ride down a river could be soexciting.(畫線介詞多余)

②I am sorry for that he won't come(畫線介詞多余)

3.詞義重疊

(1)Whenever I see them l will often think of myEnglish teacher.【解析】在whenever l see them這一時間狀語從句后再用often顯得重復(fù)，應(yīng)去掉。

(2)1'11 spend all the whole weekend reading andpreparing for it.【解析】the whole weekend意為“整個周末”，再加上all，詞義重疊。

【知識拓寬】

(1)有些詞受漢語影響，多一副詞或介詞，造成詞義重疊。

return back回來，repeat again重復(fù)，flee away逃走，enter into進(jìn)入，blue color藍(lán)色，stop down停下來，raiseup舉起來，unpack open打開

(2)定語從句中的一個名詞，已由關(guān)系代詞取代，再用其替代詞是多余的。

I do remember you having apologized to the old lady Imet her last week

(3)單音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞比較等級加-er.-est，多音節(jié)加more、most，但二者不能同時重疊使用。

As a result, people in the modern world generally livemuch more longer than people in the past.4.出現(xiàn)冗言現(xiàn)象

(l)Today l visited the Smiths-my first time visit toan American family.【解析】本句中的first修飾visit，visit此處為名詞，意為“我的第一次訪問”，time多余。

(2)Now I can't watch much television,but?【解析】根據(jù)上下文，此處應(yīng)是“我根本不能看電視”，因此受漢語影響，多了much，造成冗言。

【知識拓寬】

(1)狀語從句與主句之間多一并列連詞。

①Though he tried his best, but he failed.②The more he has, and the more he wants.(2)充當(dāng)狀語的介詞短語與主句之間多一關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。

①In the last five years that they have climbed churches一②?in other places where you are limited to a certainnumber...(3)充當(dāng)狀語的分詞與主句之間多一并列連詞。

Sitting down,and he began to work.(4)從屬連詞后多一個that。

She was absent from the meeting because that she was ilL(5)復(fù)合賓語前多一個that。

I found that her lying on the ground.5.固定搭配中多詞

(1)I was used to watch it every night.【解析】此處屬于used to do與be used to兩個固定搭配的誤用，應(yīng)去掉was，取“過去常?！敝狻?/p>

(2)?in any other words,Iam only a child.【解析lin other words為固定搭配，意為“換句話說”，而any other意為“任何別的??”，與本文上下文不符。

6.行文邏輯上多詞First, let me tell you something more about myself.【解析】由first可知是剛開始向別人講述自己的故事，故只能說something，而不能加more。

二、缺詞

1.名詞前缺限定詞

(1)Each player must obey^captain, who is theleader of the team.the【解析】此處應(yīng)加上the，特指“球隊的隊長”。

(2)The day before the speech contest^Englishteacher talked to me.my【解析】根據(jù)上下文分析，此處English teacher是有所指的，指的是“我的”英語老師，故加上my，表達(dá)一個更確切的概念。

(3)I'1I take this chance to wish you^ wonderful timeon your birthday.a【解析lwish sb.awonderful time為固定搭配，意為“祝某人玩得愉快”。

【知識拓寬】

(1)在“so+形容詞十可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞前不能缺a或an。

This is so good a book that we will buy it.=This is such a good book that we will buy it.(2)little,few表示肯定時，前面不能缺a，意為“一些”。

如a little water，但是“每隔幾分鐘”應(yīng)說成every fewminutesa

(3)有些不可數(shù)名詞(如metal, beauty, iron, tea,coffee, ice, youth, pleasure, success, failure等)，表示“一種”“一個“一份”時，應(yīng)加上a或an。

Work is a pleasure to me.(4)“the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”表示一家人時，the不能省。

The Browns like to go skating.(5)表示“兩者之中比較??的一個”時，比較級前應(yīng)加the。

He is the taller of the two boys.(6)在句中可數(shù)名詞不可單獨(dú)使用，前面應(yīng)有限定詞，如his,that,Tom's,the,a等。

When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook^head.his2.缺動詞不定式符號to(1)I'd like very much^come but I have anexamination on Monday morning.to【解析】like后面不能直接加動詞，需加to，構(gòu)成固定搭配“would like to do”，意為“想做??”。

(2)一.and will do all they can^ make sure that l geta good education to【解析】不定式作目的狀語，不定式符號to不可省。

【知識拓寬】

(1)不定式作后置定語，不定式符號to不能省。

But then there are always more mysteriesAlook into:_____to

(2)-般說來，兩個實(shí)義動詞不能并列使用，中間常用to連接。

①7Ihe World Health()rganization and other organizationsare workingAimprove health all over the world_____to

②i had always wantedA retum to the village _____to

(3)feel, hear, let, make,have, see, notice, watch,ob。rv。等動詞變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，充當(dāng)主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式不能省去to。

Little Tom was made to do heavy work

(4)為了避免重復(fù)前面的動詞，后面的不定式常常省略，但要保留不定式符號to。

We wanted to go to the lecture, but we weren't able to

3.缺系動詞

(l)neyA eager to Imow everything about China：.'were【解析】eager為形容詞，必須加系動詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

(2)What^ your favourite sport?IS【解析】本句缺謂語動詞，應(yīng)加is。

(3)I'd like to^ your pen-friend, and.be/become【解析】本句考查I'd like to do結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文，必須加上系動詞。

【知識拓寬】

(1)由于受漢語語法規(guī)則的影響，有些形容詞作表語時，常常缺少系動詞。

She is afraid of her boss.(2)在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中，由于缺少助動詞，變成了主動語態(tài)，造成錯誤。

?and let you know when the book you want has^returned and is ready for you to pick up.been4.缺介詞(l)We must keep in mind that we play for the teaminstead^ ourselves._____ of【解析linstead of為固定短語，意為“而非，而不是”，后接賓語。

(2)?but the others spent a lotA time arguing_____of【解析la lot of是固定習(xí)語，意為“許多，大量”，后加賓語。

【知識拓寬】

改錯題對介詞的考查，重點(diǎn)是一些固定搭配，再如：

WhenI have free timeI go^along walk..for，因此，同學(xué)們在學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)牢記一些固定搭配。

5.缺連詞In one class,l learned^ it rained.why【解析】本句因缺連詞而造成句子成分殘缺，只有加上why，句子的意義才完整。

【知識拓寬】

(1)在漢語中，分句與分句之間往往不用連詞，但在英語中卻不行。

It began to rain,^ they had to stop working.and

(2)受母語影響，幾個同類詞并列連用時，它們之間往往缺一連詞。

CDi told Mother, Father, Sister,^ all my friends herewhat a great time I had.and②He looked inside but saw nothing.(3)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句置于句首時，that常常不能省。

That light travels in straight line is known to all.(4)引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that，when等常不可省。

(DThe doctors came to the conclusion that the patientwas suffering from cancer.②i have no idea when he will return(5)在even if，even though，as if'as though等短語中，第二個連詞不能少。

He walks as if/though he were drunk

三、錯詞

1.可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)誤用

(l)They were eager to know everything about Chinaand asked me lots of question

(2)We study quite a few subject, such as maths,Chinese, English and physics.(3)We practise three times every week and oftenwatch football match on TV together.(4)She said that she and my schoolmate' all.wishedme success,.(5)?so that l'11 get good marks in all my subject.___

(6)?and many happy return of the day_____

(7)I used to love science class-all of them-biology,chemistry, geography, physics.【知識拓寬】

對名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的考查是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一，幾乎每年考查一處。因此，為了對名詞錯誤判斷準(zhǔn)確，應(yīng)該：

(1)弄清名詞是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞。

We stopped to rest for a while and to drink somewaters from a stream water

(2)掌握好可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則。

There are branch library in many villages libraries

(3)要熟練運(yùn)用名詞的所有格。

2.時態(tài)誤用

(l)We havea good tinte talking and laughing together.had

(2)I learn about you from my English teacher, MissFang.learned

(3)I was a member of our school football team am

(4)I arn happy with any programme but the othersspent a lot of time...was

(5)I remembered her words and calm down calmed

(6)They did not want me to do any w,ork at home do【知識拓寬】

動詞時態(tài)是短文改錯考查的熱點(diǎn)之一，一般說來每年考查一處，而且近幾年高考主要考查現(xiàn)在時與過去時的使用，再如：I had an examination on Monday moming.have

3.非謂語動詞誤用

(l)It was very kind of them to meet me.at the railwaystation and drove meto their home drive

(2)I look forward to hear from you soon hearing

(3)Play football not only makes us grow up...Playing

(4)I was often alittle tired after a day's work andwatch TV demands very little effort.watching【知識拓寬】

(1)由以上考例可見，v.-mg形式作主語、賓語或狀語是考查的熱點(diǎn)。

CDi'ii spend the whole weekend reading and preparefor it.preparing②After learn the basics of the subject, nothing elseseemed very practical to me.learning

(2)過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別是另一考查熱點(diǎn)。此時重點(diǎn)要看分詞與主語或邏輯主語的關(guān)系。

①After an hour or so, we began to feel veryfrightening.frightened②?but now l am interesting in football.interested(3)被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞誤用成動詞原形。

Books may be keep for four weeks.kept(4)掌握好動詞不定式帶to與不帶to的差異。

(5)有些動詞后接不定式，有些動詞后接動名詞，應(yīng)分別牢記這些動詞。

4.主謂不一致

(1)Playing football not only makes us grow up talland strong but alsoglve us a sense of fair play and teamspirit.gives

(2)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in thelibrary.are【知識拓寬】

(1)謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一般取決于前面主語的單復(fù)數(shù)。

Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing toborrow them.costs

(2)not only;一but also, neither.—nor.一，either.or..-等并列連詞連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)采取就近一致原則。

(3)There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動詞也應(yīng)采取就近一致原則。

But then there is always more mysteries to look into.are

(4)注意把集合名詞(如family，class，team等)和不定代詞(如all，none等)放在具體語境中，判斷其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

5.代詞不一致

(l)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.their

(2)And they must not break the rules too often if wewant to win the game.we(3)Now someone at home reads instead.everyone/everybody【知識拓寬】

(1)根據(jù)上下文判斷，出現(xiàn)了代詞不一致。

①1 felt that it helped me understand how the worldworks.they②They have been to Europe many timesWe

(2)傾向于考查學(xué)生對不定代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞以及代詞的主格與賓格等諸方面知識的掌握與運(yùn)用能力。

And I can’t forget the good food you cooked forl me

(3)人稱代詞性別上的誤用也是常見的錯誤形式之一。

6.連詞誤用

(l)~esaid that she and my schoolmates all wished mesuccass,but it didn’t matter thatI would win or notwhether【解析】it為形式主語，whether l would win or not是真正的主語，意為“我是否能贏”。

(2)lt looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor andaguest.or【解析】句意為：看起來我的父母親把我當(dāng)成了“visitor”或“guest”。二者為選擇關(guān)系而非并列關(guān)系，故將and改為or。

(3)It is a very important exam butI can't afford tofail it.and/so【解析】此處應(yīng)是并列或因果關(guān)系，而非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

【知識拓寬】

(1)正確掌握各連詞的含義及其在從句中的應(yīng)用。

①?because I felt that they helped me understandwhat the world works.how②Most people can quickly get help from a doctor orgo to a hospital sir ce they areill when/if

(2)熟練應(yīng)用表示并列、選擇、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系的連詞：and, or, but, so, therefore, however等.①She was smiling but nodding at me.and②Therefore, there are still some countries wherepeople have shorter lives.However

(3)弄清whether和if的含義及用法區(qū)別。

?and whether you pay the cost of sending apostcard,the librarian will write to you.if

7.關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞誤用

I live inBeijing,where is the capital of China.which【解析】此處是非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系代詞which作主語。

【知識拓寬】

(1)正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞之間的區(qū)別，尤其是that和which的區(qū)別。

?in other places you are limited to.a certainnumber, of that some may be novels.which

(2)正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別，并掌握它們的用法。

However,there are still some countries there peoplehave shorter lives.where

8.詞性誤用

(1)Also the sport teaches us the important ofobedience.importance【解析】本句應(yīng)該用名詞importance作動詞teach的直接賓語。

(2)Unfortunate, there are too many people in myfamily.Unfortunately【解析】此處應(yīng)該用副詞unfortunately作狀語，意為“不幸的是”。

(3)After learning the basics of the subject,nothingelse seemed very practically to me.practical【解析】。eem為系動詞，后面應(yīng)接形容詞作表語。

【知識拓寬】

詞性誤用指的是動詞與名詞混淆，副詞與形容詞混淆等。這就要求我們在平時學(xué)習(xí)中重視詞性及各類詞在句中的基本功能。再如：

I'm sure we'IIhave 8 wonderfully time together.wonderful

9.限定詞誤用

(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to aAmerican family.an【解析】American為元音音素開頭的單詞，故應(yīng)用部定冠詞 an

(2)wemay be one family and live under a sameroof，?the【解析】same意為“同樣的”，前面應(yīng)加定冠詞the。

10.近義詞混用They did not want me to do any work at family......home【解析】family側(cè)重指“家庭這個結(jié)構(gòu)或家里的人。，而home則側(cè)重指“家庭的所在地”。因此，“在家里”應(yīng)用athome。

【知識拓寬】

在英語中，有許多同義詞、近義詞和反義詞，在平時學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)抓好基礎(chǔ)，牢記每一個詞的基本含義。再如：.Uncle Ben will alsogo back for Christmas.come總之，平時學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對基礎(chǔ)知識的積累，熟練掌握高考詞匯、基本詞法、句法，同時還應(yīng)加強(qiáng)閱讀能力的訓(xùn)練。因為，較快的閱讀速度、較好的語感和牢固的基礎(chǔ)知識是做好短文改錯的重要前提。平時訓(xùn)練短文改錯時，不應(yīng)只是為了做題而做題，而應(yīng)善于總結(jié)、摸索答題的規(guī)律。

參考答案

一、1.(3)go to school;in prison;at table(4)play basketball;play chess

三、1.(1)question-*questions(2)subject—subjects(3)match-*matches(4)schoolmate—+ schoolmates(5)subject-+ subjects(6)return—.retums(7)class-classes

第五篇：經(jīng)典短文改錯

動詞形，名詞數(shù)。還要注意形和副，物ing,修人用ed。遇連詞，必停住，多詞少詞須關(guān)注，介詞冠詞占多數(shù)，固定搭配非謂語，反身代時主賓同。短文改錯錯不錯，每句至少改一個。

1.The day is my dad’s birthday.This afternoon I went to the shopping center downtown, and hesitated for 猶豫(v)a moment,and then offered my seat to her.The old lady thanked me a lot and sat [be] ready to help others in the future.2.Two years ,I travelled to BT and Ia car.Unfortunate[~ly],I had an accident and hit another car,and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two Iaway,and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.Therefore,I told them stories and how I was enjoying BT.As a result,nobody knew[the] truth.I still think that it was the righ thing to do.3.The world is not only hungry,but also 渴的(adj).this may strange,since nearly 70 % of the earth’s surface is covered with water.Man and most of the animals can only drink and use the 10% of the water---fresh water.The need for water is day by day.Only when steps are taken to deal with this problem immediate [~ly],can we avoid a serve worldwide water shortage短缺(n)later on.One of the first [is]to develop ways to reuse to a water purifying it can be separated from waste matters and treated with 4.[2012唐山is a sick friend,or attend a wedding or[a] birthday party.I still remember one day last year when Tom,a disabled some flowers to his mother to express his gratitude.He life to his mother’s patient was finally admitted to a key university.’hurt.With tears in her eyes,she could do nothing butfor help.Zhang li ran “take it easy”he said.Then he sent her to a nearby hospital.That[it] was not long before the girl’6.Mr.smith had an 8-year-old son named tony,who enjoyed listening to music very much.So he a [for]Tony,hoping that he could become [a] famous pianist one day.The little boy into the piano day after day and seemd to enjoy if you don’tAttend v.出席，到場，參加bleed n.血 v.流血handkerchief n.手絹，紗布，絲綢confidence n.自信，信心