第一篇：江西卷英語(yǔ)作文講評(píng)
2013 年江西高考英語(yǔ)作文講評(píng)學(xué)案
時(shí)間：2014.4.23制作人：馬愛新審核人：王美紅
一：審題：
1.人稱：__________ 2 格式:____________ 3時(shí)態(tài)：___________4要點(diǎn):__________________ ___________________________ 5 段落層次：_________________________________ 二：知識(shí)積累：
（一）詞匯：1.鼓勵(lì)某人去做---_________________________2 舉行/組織_________________ 3 參加___________________4 聚集___________________5在山腳下___________________ 6 出發(fā)前往____________________________7興致勃勃_____________________________ 8 一路上_____________________9欣賞景色________________________________________ 10落后_______________11相互幫助___________________12 到達(dá)______________________ 13 高興地歡呼___________________14 有益于______________________________________ 15 促進(jìn)友誼________________________16 遠(yuǎn)離壓力困擾_________________________
（二）句型： 1.為了----，我們學(xué)校組織了-----______________________________________ 我們學(xué)校組織了------以便于我們能---：____________________________________ 2 登山兩個(gè)小時(shí)之后，我們終于到達(dá)了山頂。
____________________________________________________________________________ 3不但----而且----：_________________________________________________ 通過這次活動(dòng)我們可以-----還有-------：__________________________________ 4.---到達(dá)了山頂。在那里，我們-----：_________________________________ 三：要點(diǎn)積累及潤(rùn)色：介紹活動(dòng)的目的，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)和參與者。
表達(dá)一：為了鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們參加戶外活動(dòng)，我們學(xué)校在4月10號(hào)組織了一次登山活動(dòng)。有數(shù)百人參加。
______________________________________________________________________________ 表達(dá)二： 我們學(xué)校在4月十號(hào)組織了一次登山活動(dòng)，目的是以便于我們能多進(jìn)行戶外活動(dòng)。_______________________________________________________________________________2.發(fā)揮想象，詳細(xì)敘述登山過程。
（1）晴空萬(wàn)里。8點(diǎn)鐘，我們聚集在大青山腳下，朝著山頂興致勃勃地出發(fā)了。_______________________________________________________________________________(2)一路上，我們有說有笑，呼吸著新鮮空氣，欣賞著美麗的景色。
_______________________________________________________________________________(3)當(dāng)有人落在后邊時(shí)，別人就會(huì)來(lái)主動(dòng)幫助。
_______________________________________________________________________________(4)登山兩個(gè)小時(shí)后，我們終于到達(dá)了山頂。
_______________________________________________________________________________(5)在山頂上，雖然很累，但沐浴在陽(yáng)光之中，沉浸在這迷人的景色之中，我們禁不住高興地跳了起來(lái)。
______________________________________________________________________________ 3對(duì)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)價(jià)。
（1）這次活動(dòng)對(duì)我們很有益。它不但使我們親近了大自然，使我們遠(yuǎn)離了壓力的困擾，得
到了放松，而且還促進(jìn)了我們之間的友誼。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）多么難忘的快樂時(shí)光?。__________________________________________________
四：連句成篇。(注意段落安排)
第二篇：2014年高考英語(yǔ)江西卷滿分作文
絲路教育 2014年高考英語(yǔ)江西卷滿分作文 夏繼超
第二節(jié) 書面表達(dá)
假定你是星光中學(xué)的高中畢業(yè)生李華，母校將為高一新生舉辦主題為“What to learn in senior high school?”的英語(yǔ)沙龍活動(dòng)，特邀請(qǐng)你結(jié)合自身經(jīng)歷談?wù)勛约旱捏w會(huì)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示準(zhǔn)備一份英語(yǔ)發(fā)言稿。
1.學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)：方法，習(xí)慣等；
2.學(xué)會(huì)做人：真誠(chéng)，友善；
3.學(xué)會(huì)其他：考生自擬。
注意：1.詞數(shù)120左右；
2.發(fā)言稿開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不須抄在答題卡上，不計(jì)入總次數(shù)。
Good morning, everyone!It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.Generally speaking, the first and the most important thing for us is study.Learning how to learn and developing the good habit of learning are the two vital parts in the process of study.For instance, we are suppose to preview before class, pay close attention to what our teacher are saying, and review the knowledge we have gained from time to time.Only in this way, can we form the good habit of learning.Moreover, how to be a man is the second required.We had better grow up to learn to be honest and kind.It is suggested that we should spend more time in helping others and cooperating with others.In that way, we can learn how to get along well with others and know who we are, what we should do and what we’d better not do.Besides, we are advisable to learn how to live and how to deal with the difficulties in daily life.Learn to wash our own clothes, clean rooms, cook, etc.That’s what I’ d like to share with you.How about your opinions?
第三篇：2012高考作文江西卷
知足與進(jìn)取
知足與進(jìn)取，其實(shí)是我們?nèi)松膬蓚€(gè)態(tài)度，其中的度量，自己應(yīng)該拿捏準(zhǔn)確。
首先，知足，說明你已經(jīng)滿足于已經(jīng)得到的東西，所謂知足者常樂，指的就是這個(gè)意思。它表明你很滿足周圍的一切，雖然吃不好，但能夠吃得飽；衣著不華麗，但樸素暖和；住房不華美，但可以遮風(fēng)擋雨。那么，你很樂意接受這一切的話，于己，可以整天快快樂樂地生活，不用擔(dān)心，不用為官場(chǎng)的勾心斗角、商場(chǎng)的爾虞我詐、工廠的汗流浹背所憂慮，能夠坦然接受。于社會(huì)，可以促進(jìn)穩(wěn)定和諧。不再有人仇富，抵觸甚至破壞富人的一切；不再有人去偷盜，偷盜一些東西來(lái)是自己滿足。世界將處處充滿和諧。
也許有問說這樣的社會(huì)是令人向往的。但試想一下，如果真的那樣的話，人類還能進(jìn)化？社會(huì)還能進(jìn)步？世界還能發(fā)展？所以還必須有進(jìn)取之心。
進(jìn)取，有努力向前和立志有所作為之意。我們?nèi)ス膊糠郑τ兴鳛?。說白了，就是不滿足與現(xiàn)狀。吃得不好努力掙錢；穿得不好，拼命工作；住得不好，死命奮進(jìn)。于是，整個(gè)社會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出一派競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的景象，一派欣欣向榮的景象。那這樣的社會(huì)更是令人向往的，到處是生產(chǎn)力高度發(fā)達(dá)的景象，充滿令人向往的活力。于己，可以得到自己想要的一切；滿足自身需要；于社會(huì)，可以取得更大更快的進(jìn)步；于世界，可以以更加充實(shí)的物質(zhì)文明點(diǎn)綴輝煌燦爛的精神文明。
但任何失誤都有兩面性，一些人的“進(jìn)取”心太強(qiáng)，以至出現(xiàn)許多類似拜金主義的不良風(fēng)氣，出現(xiàn)偷盜等。所以進(jìn)取是對(duì)的，但千萬(wàn)別用錯(cuò)了地方。
人類要在知足中進(jìn)取，在進(jìn)取中知足，這樣才能更快更好地發(fā)展。
第四篇：高考0分作文(江西卷)
題目：2007年，洞庭湖大水導(dǎo)致20億只田鼠大遷徙，所過之處農(nóng)田一片狼藉。專家認(rèn)為，田鼠為害之烈，原因之一是人類熱衷于吃野味，致使田鼠的天敵（蛇、貓頭鷹、黃鼠狼等）數(shù)量急劇下降。
根據(jù)上述材料，請(qǐng)你為田鼠或田鼠的天敵帶擬一封給人類的信。
要求： 必須按書信格式作文。題目自擬。所寫內(nèi)容必須與給定的材料相關(guān)。不少于800字。不得抄襲、套作。
嘰嘰和喵喵
田鼠寫信
嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰
嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。
嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰；嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰；嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰？嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。
嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰；嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰；嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰
嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰？嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。
嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰；嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰；嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰，嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰嘰。
嘰嘰嘰嘰
嘰嘰
天敵回信
喵喵喵喵喵喵
喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵
喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵
喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵
喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵喵
喵喵喵喵
喵喵
點(diǎn)評(píng)：實(shí)在是史家的絕唱，沒有韻的離騷！我做老師已經(jīng)很多年，也閱過無(wú)數(shù)高考作文，但是這篇作文，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)啊，原諒我吧，我實(shí)在挑不出一出錯(cuò)來(lái)！我看不懂??！我要給他打零分啦
第五篇：江西專升本英語(yǔ)作文
（一）感謝信
常用句型
1．I am grateful／obliged to you for．．．我非常感謝你的……
2．I am greatly indebted to you for what you have done． 我為你所做的一切表示感激。
3．I am thankful／obliged to you for your unselfish assistance during… 感謝你在……期間給予我無(wú)私的幫助。
4．I deeply appreciate your courtesy and we hope to have the opportunity of rewarding your kindness．
我非常感謝你的好意，并希望有機(jī)會(huì)回報(bào)你。
5．I take this opportunity to express my deep appreciation of your kind help you rendered me．
我借此機(jī)會(huì)對(duì)你所給予我的幫助表示深深的感謝。
6.It was kind and generous of you to do this for me，and l appreciate it more than l can say．
你為我這樣做真是太好了，我感激不盡。
7．My appreciate to you for your generous help is beyond my words．I wish I could repay it some day．
我無(wú)法用言語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)你的感激之情。但愿有朝一門能回報(bào)你的幫助。
8．Please accept my most cordial thanks for your timely help，which l will never forget．
請(qǐng)接受我誠(chéng)摯的謝意，感謝你及時(shí)的幫助，我將難以忘懷。
9．Words fail me when I want to express my gratitude to you．感激之情難以言表。
10．Again，I would like to express our warm thanks to you．再次向你表示感謝。
范文
July 7, 2008
Dear Prof.James，As one of your students, I am writing to ask for your kind assistance.I wish to enroll in College of Computer at Oxford University, for which I am required to provide a letter of recommendation.As a senior professor in your field, one of my most respected college teachers and a person who knows me very well, you are the most suitable referee for me.As you know, I have laid a solid foundation in computer science.I would be grateful if, in the letter, you would confirm that I have adequate qualifications to follow the course.Would you be so kind as to give a brief introduction to my academic performance during my undergraduate studies, especially that under your supervision? Besides, your personal opinion of me will carry special weight.I have to submit the letter next month.Thank you so much for your generous help in this matter.Yours sincerely，Henry Scott
(二)歡迎信
范文
Dear Xiao Wang，Words failed me to express my excitement when I learned that you would like to spend your holiday together with me.It has been three years since we graduated from high school.I miss you so much that I even can't wait to see you.Now that it will be the first time you visit Beijing, I am sure that your journey will be exciting, rewarding and full of a lot of fun.I've made a rough plan for this holiday as follows.On the first day you arrive here, I will show you around our new campus.Especially, I will take you to visit our newly-built modem library.During the second three days, we'd better go sightseeing around Beijing.We can visit some famous scenic spots and historical sites, such as Summer Palace, the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, etc.On the fifth day, we can visit the Beijing Zoo, since you are quite interested in wild animals.The next day, we can do some shopping.There are many splendid markets and plazas in Beijing.On the last day, you can have a good rest before setting off.If there is anything inconvenient for you in this plan, please let me know immediately.By the way, since lots of people will go traveling in this holiday, it must be crowded on the train.So you should take care of your luggage.Bring more clothes with you because Beijing is much colder than Kunming at this time.And don't forget to tell me when you will arrive so that I'll pick you up at the airport.I am looking forward to your reply and wish you a god journey.Yours，Zhang Ying
（三）道歉信與解釋信
寫作策略
開頭段：表明寫作意圖，對(duì)某事表示歉意。
主體段：說明道歉的具體原因。
結(jié)尾段：再次表明歉意，請(qǐng)求收信人的諒解，并表示你愿意為此做補(bǔ)救。
常用句型
1．I must apologize to you for...我必須為……向你道歉。
2．I am terribly/awfully sorry that...我感到很抱歉，因?yàn)椤?/p>
3．It is thoughtless/inconsiderate of me to do...我做……，實(shí)在太欠考慮了。
4．I am afraid what I have done has caused many inconveniences to you.恐怕我給您添了許多麻煩。
5．I sincerely hope that you can understand that I offended you unintentionally.我真心希望您能理解我并非有意冒犯你的。
6．I regret to inform you that I am unable to do...我很遺憾地告知您我不能……
7．I must make a sincere and humble apology to you for...我必須為……真誠(chéng)地向你道歉。
8．Please accept my sincere apology for.., once more.請(qǐng)?jiān)俅螢椤邮芪艺嬲\(chéng)的道歉。
9．I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies.我衷心希望你能接受我的道歉。
10．I am so sorry to have put you to so much trouble.不好意思給你添了很多麻煩。
范文：
June 23, 2008
Dear Mr./ Ms, I was very concerned when I received your letter of yesterday complaining that the central heating system in your new house had not been completed by the date promised.On referring to our earlier correspondence, I find that I had mistaken the date for completion.The fault is entirely mine and I deeply regret that it should have occurred.I realize the inconvenience our oversight must be causing you and will do everything possible to avoid any further delay.I have already given instructions for the work to have priority and the engineers working on the job to be placed on overtime.These arrangements should see the installation completed by next weekend.Yours faithfully
Zhang Ying
（四）邀請(qǐng)信
寫作策略
開頭段：表明寫作意圖，向某人發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)。
主體段：說明邀請(qǐng)的具體原因，邀請(qǐng)的內(nèi)容。
結(jié)尾段：表示強(qiáng)烈的期盼，并希望盡快得到答復(fù)。
常用句型
1．I am please to invite you to participate in …to be held from…to in…
我很高興邀請(qǐng)你參加從……到……在……舉行的……活動(dòng)。
2．It is my pleasure/a great honor for me to invite you to…如能邀請(qǐng)你參加……是我莫大的榮幸。
3．It is my pleasure to extend an invitation to you to go traveling with me.我很高興邀請(qǐng)你和我一起去旅游。
4．I hope that you won't decline my invitation．我希望你不會(huì)拒絕我的邀請(qǐng)。
5．I will cover all the expenses involved．我會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)有關(guān)費(fèi)用。
6．We were wondering if the session could consist of．．．我們想知道會(huì)議是否可以包括……
7．Would you please let me know as soon as possible if you can accept my invitation?
你能否早日告訴我是否能接受我的邀請(qǐng)？
范文：
June 23, 2008
Dear sir/madam:
We would like to invite you to an exclusive presentation of our new [product].The presentation will take place at [location], at [time] on [date].There will also be a reception at [time].We hope you and your colleagues will be able to attend.[company] is a leading producer of high-quality.As you well know, recent technological advances have made increasingly affordable to the public.Our new models offer superb quality and sophistication with economy, and their new features give them distinct advantages over similar products from other manufacturers.We look forward to seeing you on [date].Just call our office at [phone number] and we will be glad to secure a place for you.Sincerely yours，(name)
（五）英文求職信范文
April 7, 2002
Mr.Ray Hanks
Manager of Human Resources
Wayne Investments, Inc.1023 Central Avenue
Tempa, FL 19122
Dear Mr.Hanks:
I am writing to apply for the Client Account Coordinator, which was advertised May 4th with the Career Services Center at Florida State University.I have enclosed a copy of my resume for your review.I believe that I have the training, experience and qualities that you are looking for.According to the advertisement, your position requires excellent communication skills, computer literacy, and a B.S.degree in Finance.My studies have included courses in computer science, management information systems, speech communications, and business writing.I understand the position also requires a candidate who is team and detail-oriented, works well under pressure, and is able to deal with people in departments throughout the firm.These are skills I developed both in my course work and in my recent internship at Liberty Mutual, Inc.in Orlando, Florida.Your job description suggests that our relationship could be mutually beneficial.I am confident that I can perform the job effectively, and I am excited about the idea of working for a dynamic, nationally recognized investment management firm.I look forward to discussing my background and qualifications with you.If you would like to schedule an interview or otherwise discuss my interest in the position, I can be reached at(218)365-3333.Sincerely, Tom Sherman
（六）投訴信
當(dāng)你希望某事得到改善或者某個(gè)問題得到補(bǔ)救時(shí)，往往會(huì)寫投訴信。
寫作策略
開頭段：說明與收信人的相關(guān)性，并表明寫作意圖。
主體段：寫明投訴的原因，要展開說明，可以說具體的理由，也可以說問題的具體體現(xiàn)方式，比如，表達(dá)你對(duì)此事所帶來(lái)不便的感受、心情。此外，提出你對(duì)如何改進(jìn)或者解決問題的建議，清楚表明你希望問題如何得到解決。
結(jié)尾段：表達(dá)你希望所述問題得到迅速解決的強(qiáng)烈愿望，并對(duì)有關(guān)人員做出的努力表示感謝，希望盡快得到滿意的答復(fù)。
常用句型
1.I am writing to you to complain about...我現(xiàn)寫信向你投訴有關(guān)…
2.I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with...我現(xiàn)寫信向你表達(dá)對(duì)……的不滿。
3.I am afraid that I have to inform you that...我很遺憾地告訴你……
4.I am completely disappointed/upset to find...當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)……，我感到非常的失望(傷心)。
5.There are some problems with.., that I wish to bring to attention.In the lust place....in the second place....我希望你注意到在……方面的一些問題。一方面，……；另一方面，……
6.To reverse this situation, it is advisable/ desirable/ recommended/ suggested that...為了扭轉(zhuǎn)局勢(shì)，建議……
7.To improve the situation, it is advisable to take the following measures.For one thing....For another....為了改善局面，建議采取以下措施。其一，……；其二，……
8.I sincerely hope that it win review its management system, with the view to(doing)...找真誠(chéng)地希望……能檢討自已的管理方式，以便……
9.I look forward to a day when we could...我期盼著有—天我們能夠……
10.I do hope that the problems will be solved as soon as possible.我希望問題可以盡早得以解決。
11.I hope my suggestions will be taken into consideration to improve the situation.我希望你們能夠考慮一下我的建議以便改善局面。
12.If it is not properly settled, I would like to demand a refund, or I would complain to the Consumem' Association.如果此事未能妥善得到解決，我要求你們退款，否則，我將向消協(xié)投訴。
13.We believe that you will take this matter seriously from now on and make every effort to prevent its recurrence.我們相信你們從現(xiàn)在起會(huì)認(rèn)真對(duì)待這件事情的，并努力避免此事的再次發(fā)生。
（七）求學(xué)信
求學(xué)信的主要目的是寫信人中請(qǐng)某所學(xué)校就讀的信件。
寫作策略
開頭段：簡(jiǎn)單自我介紹，并說明寫作意圖。
主體段：介紹相關(guān)工作經(jīng)歷、學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷以及個(gè)人本性。
結(jié)尾段：表示強(qiáng)烈的期盼，并希望盡快得到答復(fù)。
常用句型
1．I wish to pursue my Master's degree in your prestigious university.我希望到貴校攻讀碩士學(xué)位。2．I wish to apply to admission to your department as a post-graduate student.我現(xiàn)申請(qǐng)攻讀貴系研究生。
3．I am greatly Interested in your graduate program in College of Law and wish to apply for admission.我對(duì)貴校法學(xué)院的研究生課程非常感興趣，并申請(qǐng)到貴系攻讀碩士學(xué)位。
4．Would you be so kind as to provide me with some relevant in formation?
您能否為我提供—些相關(guān)信息呢?
5．I am writing to ask for admission to your department.It's my long-cherished dream to pursue my study in your honored department.我申請(qǐng)就讀于貴系，這是我長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)的愿望。
6．It would be appreciative of you if you could send me Some relevant information at your earliest convenience.如果您能夠盡快寄給我一些相關(guān)信息，我將不勝感激。
7．Could you send me an application form as wet/as some detailed information regarding...?
您能否寄給我申請(qǐng)表和有關(guān)……的資料?
8．If further materials are required, I am only too willing to forward them to you.如需其他材料，我非常樂意寄上。
9．I will certainly feel honored if I could be admitted to your university, which, renowned for its long history and a fine tradition of scholarship, enjoys a worldwide fame.貴校歷史悠久，治學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，享有世界聲望，如果有幸能夠成為貴校的學(xué)生，我將感到無(wú)比的榮幸。
10．Would you please let me know the procedures for admission at your earliest convenience?
能夠盡快告知我入學(xué)的有關(guān)程序。
11．I shah be glad to furnish you with any further information concerning my education and work experience.我很樂意為您提供我個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)和工作經(jīng)歷的有關(guān)資料。
應(yīng)用文寫作
1.私人和公務(wù)信函
一、概述
書信是日常生活中常用的文體，是用以交涉事宜、傳達(dá)信息、交流思想、聯(lián)絡(luò)感情、增進(jìn)了解的重要工具。書信一般可分為商務(wù)信件或公函（Business Letter or Official Correspondence）和私人信件（Private Letter）兩大類。值得注意的是，英語(yǔ)書信的寫法與漢語(yǔ)書信有一些明顯區(qū)別，應(yīng)特別加以區(qū)分。
英語(yǔ)書信通常包括下面幾個(gè)組成部分：信端、信內(nèi)地址、稱呼、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)、簽名、附件、再啟等。下面我們將逐個(gè)進(jìn)行介紹 1.信端（Heading）
信端即信頭，一般包括寫信人的地址和寫信日期。一些正式信函的信端還包括發(fā)信人或單位的電話號(hào)碼、電報(bào)掛號(hào)、電傳、傳真和郵政編碼等。
西方國(guó)家中有些信端甚至還有單位負(fù)責(zé)人的姓名、職務(wù)和職稱等。
信端的目的是使收信人一看便知道書信來(lái)自何處，何時(shí)發(fā)出，便于復(fù)信和查閱。用一般的信紙寫信時(shí)，信端應(yīng)寫在信紙的右上角，若字?jǐn)?shù)較多，可從信紙中間或偏右的地方寫起。若字?jǐn)?shù)較少，可適當(dāng)多向右移一些，使整個(gè)信端的重心落在右上角。
信端的寫法主要有并列式和斜列式兩種。從目前情況來(lái)看，前者更為常用。
采用并列式時(shí)，每行開頭要左對(duì)齊；采用斜列式時(shí)，每行開頭逐次向右移二三個(gè)字母的距離。例如
（1）并列式 Fuxing Street
Haidian District
Beijing
Post Code: 100035
People‘s Republic of China
Tel: 63211234
Aug.20, 2004
（2）斜列式（Indented Form）
Fuxing Street
Haidian District
Beijing
Post Code: 100035
People‘s Republic of China
Tel: 63211234
Aug.20, 2004
寫信端時(shí)，先寫發(fā)信人的地址，地點(diǎn)的名稱按由小到大的順序排列，然后與其它項(xiàng)目和發(fā)信日期。具體次序是：第一行寫門牌號(hào)和街名；第二行寫區(qū)名、市（縣）名、省（州、邦）名，往國(guó)外寄的信，還要寫上國(guó)家的名稱；國(guó)家名稱的前面加上郵政編碼，其后可寫上電話號(hào)碼，最后一行寫發(fā)信日期。如果寫信人的地址是機(jī)關(guān)單位的名稱，則將其作為第一行。如果寫信人的單位沒有門牌號(hào)碼和街名，則第一行可寫上所在班級(jí)或?qū)I(yè)組的名稱；第二行寫系、科、室名稱；第三行寫學(xué)校名稱；第四行寫市（縣）、?。ㄖ荩┟Q；然后再寫郵政編碼、國(guó)名、電話號(hào)碼、發(fā)信日期等項(xiàng)。
如果使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，則在每行末尾加逗號(hào)，最后一行的末尾加句號(hào)。但當(dāng)前的信件中行末大都不加標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，但在每行之內(nèi)該用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的地方，仍要用標(biāo)點(diǎn)。
特別要注意的是，門牌號(hào)碼和街名之間要加逗號(hào)。月份和日期之間不可用逗號(hào)。在西方國(guó)家，城市名稱之后往往寫有字母或數(shù)字（如 New York, 103），表示城市的郵政編碼。
關(guān)于發(fā)信日期的寫法，應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
①年份應(yīng)完全寫出，不能簡(jiǎn)寫。
②月份要用英文名稱，不要用數(shù)字代替。
③月份名稱多用公認(rèn)的縮寫式。但 May, June, July, 因?yàn)檩^短，不可縮寫。
④寫日期時(shí)，可用基數(shù)詞1，2，3，4，5，……28，29，30，31等，也可用序數(shù)詞 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, ……28th, 29th, 30th, 31lst等。但最好用基數(shù)詞，簡(jiǎn)單明了。
日期可有下列幾種寫法：其中，①最為通用。
① Oct.20, 200
4② 10 May., 2004
③ 3rd June, 2004
④ Sept.16th, 2004 2.信內(nèi)地址（Inside Address, Introductory Address）
信內(nèi)地址收信人的姓名和地址，寫在信紙的左上角，從信紙的左邊頂格開始寫，低于寫信人地址和發(fā)信日期一二行，也分并列式和斜列式兩種，但應(yīng)與信端的書寫格式保持一致。其次序是，先寫收信人姓名、頭銜和單位名稱，占一二行，然后寫地址，可占二至四行，3.稱呼（Salutation）
對(duì)收信人的稱呼應(yīng)自成一行，寫在低于信內(nèi)地址一二行的地方，從信紙的左邊頂格開始寫，每個(gè)詞的開頭字母要大寫，至于末尾處的符號(hào)，英國(guó)人用逗號(hào)，但美國(guó)和加拿大英語(yǔ)則多用冒號(hào)。稱呼用語(yǔ)可視寫信人與收信人的關(guān)系而定。
給外國(guó)人寫英文信時(shí)，稱呼用語(yǔ)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
①對(duì)沒有頭銜的男性一般稱呼 Mr.。Mr.用在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，不可只用在名字之前，例如對(duì)的稱呼，應(yīng)該是：Mr.或 Mr.White, 不可是：Mr.Phil。若稱呼多個(gè)男性，則在姓名前用 Mr.的復(fù)數(shù)形式 Messrs.。對(duì)一般以人名為名稱的公司和企業(yè)常用這種稱呼，例如：Messrs.Black and Brothers 布萊克兄弟公司。
②對(duì)女性一般稱呼 Mrs.，Madam 或 Miss。Mrs.用在已婚女子的丈夫的姓氏之前，或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用在名字前 Madame 此詞可以單獨(dú)使用或加在丈夫的姓名之前 Mrs.沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。若稱呼多個(gè)女性，則在姓名前用 Mme.的復(fù)數(shù)形式 Mmes.而對(duì)以女子名字為名稱的公司、企業(yè)可用 Mesdames 稱呼。Miss 多用于未婚女子，此詞可縮寫為 Ms，用于姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用于名字之前。
③對(duì)收信人的稱呼，也可用頭銜或職位的名稱，不分性別。例如 Professor（縮寫為 Prof.），Doctor（縮寫為 Dr.），General(縮寫為 Gen.)。這些稱呼都放在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，如 Prof.（Phil）White等。
④對(duì)外公函中對(duì)收信人的稱呼，可用 Gentlemen（而不是 Gentleman），Dear Sir(s)和 My dear Sir(s)等。Gentlemen 之前不能加 Dear，后面也不能帶姓名。用 Sirs 時(shí)，前面常用 Dear 一詞，但也可單獨(dú)用 Sir。若收信人是婦女，則無(wú)論已婚或未婚，都可單獨(dú)使用 Madam 或其復(fù)數(shù) Mesdames。
⑤對(duì)外國(guó)高級(jí)官員的稱呼，如國(guó)家元首、政府首腦、部長(zhǎng)、大使、公使和特使等，可用（Dear）Sir，（Dear）Mr.Chairman，（Dear）Mr.Premier，（My dear）Mr.Ambassador，Your Excellency（復(fù)數(shù)為 Excellencies）。
⑥對(duì)君主制國(guó)家的國(guó)王和皇帝等男性君主，可以 Sir 稱呼，對(duì)女王、女皇和皇后等女性君主，可用 Madam 稱呼。有時(shí)也用 Your Majesty 稱呼以表示?？蜌夂妥鹁碮our Majesty 可兼指男性和女性，其復(fù)數(shù)為 Your Majesties。
⑦對(duì)王室成員，如太子、王子、親王和公主等，一般可用（Dear）Sir 或（Dear）Madam 但在正式尊稱時(shí)，一般用 Your Highness(復(fù)數(shù)為 Highnesses)。
收信人稱呼
先生（男人）Mr./Esq.夫人（已婚）Mrs.小姐（未婚）Miss
夫人、小姐統(tǒng)稱Ms.夫婦倆人Mr.and Mrs.兩位或兩位以上男子Messrs
兩位或兩位以上女子（已婚）Mesdames
兩位或兩位以上小姐（未婚）Misses
常見的頭銜（漢英對(duì)照）如下：
教授Professor
博士Doctor(Dr.,Ph.D.)
醫(yī)學(xué)博士Medical Doctor(M.D.)
總統(tǒng)或校長(zhǎng)President
主席或董事長(zhǎng)Chairman
副主席或副董事長(zhǎng)Vice Chairman
副總統(tǒng)或副校長(zhǎng)Vice President
首相Prime Minister
總理Premier
省長(zhǎng)或州長(zhǎng)Governor
市長(zhǎng)Mayor
參議員Senator
大使Ambassador
秘書長(zhǎng)Secretary General
一秘First Secretary
二秘Second Secretary
院長(zhǎng)Director,Dean
副院長(zhǎng)Vice Director
系主任Dean,Head,Chair
館長(zhǎng)Chief Librarian,Curator
閣下Excellency
神甫Father 4.信的正文（Body of the Letter）
信的正文每段第一行應(yīng)往右縮進(jìn)約四五個(gè)字母。在寫事務(wù)性信件時(shí)，正文一般開門見山，內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單明了，條理清楚。在寫私人信件時(shí)，信寫好之后若有什么遺漏，可用 P.S.表示補(bǔ)敘。
5.結(jié)束語(yǔ)（Complimentary Close）
結(jié)束語(yǔ)是寫信人表示自己對(duì)收信人的一種謙稱，只占一行，低于正文一二行，從信紙的中間或偏右的地方開始寫。第一個(gè)詞的開頭字母要大寫，末尾用逗號(hào)。結(jié)束語(yǔ)視寫信人與收信人的關(guān)系而定例如寫給機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體或不相識(shí)的人的信，一般用：
Yours(very)truly, Yours(very)faithfully,Yours(very)sincerely，等等。寫給上級(jí)和長(zhǎng)者的信一般可用：
Yours(very)respectfully, Yours(very)obediently, Yours gratefully, Yours appreciatively, Your obedient servant, 等等。
寫給同志或同事的信一般可用：
Fraternally yours, Comradely yours，等等。
寫給熟人或朋友的信可用：
Yours, Ever yours, Yours affectionately, As ever, Yours sincerely Yours devotedly,(Most)Fondly yours, Yours excitedly, Intimately yours，等等。
寫給親屬或摯友的信一般用：
Yours, Ever yours, Yours as ever, As ever, Yours affectionately, Lovingly yours,(Much)Love, With Love,Lovingly, Your loving son, Your most affectionate, Your devoted friend, Devotedly, 等等，意即：―您的‖、―永遠(yuǎn)是您的‖、―您的親愛的‖、―您的愛子（孩子、姐妹、侄、侄女、祖母）‖、―您的摯友‖等。
寫給摯友的信有時(shí)也可用：
Yours hurriedly, Yours hastily, Yours in haste, 等等。
寫信給摯友，表示歉意時(shí)，可用：
Contritely yours, Regretfully yours, Yours in(with)regret, Yours in(with)deep remorse 等。
在歐洲一些國(guó)家里，多把Yours 放在 sincerely等詞的前面。在美國(guó)和加拿大等國(guó)，則多用，把 yours 放在 Sincerely 等詞之后。Yours 一詞有時(shí)也可省略。
6.簽名（Signature）
信末的簽名一般低于結(jié)束語(yǔ)一二行，從信紙中間偏右的地方開始寫。若寫信人是女性，與收信人又不相識(shí)，則一般在署名前用括號(hào)注上 Miss, Mrs.或 Ms.，以便對(duì)方回信時(shí)知道如何稱呼。有的還有署名后寫上自己的職稱、職務(wù)或頭銜
7.附件（Enclosure）
信件若有附件，應(yīng)在左下角注明 Encl.或 Enc.。若附件不止一個(gè)，則應(yīng)寫出2（或3，4，5等）Encls.，例如：
Enc: Resume
Encls:Grade Certificate
8.再啟（Postscript, 縮寫為 P.S.）
再啟部分用于補(bǔ)敘正文中遺漏的話，一般應(yīng)盡量少用，正式的函件中更應(yīng)避免使用。
二、注意事項(xiàng)
首先，寫信者應(yīng)設(shè)身處地想到對(duì)方，尊重對(duì)方的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。
其次，英文信應(yīng)該行文流暢、言簡(jiǎn)意賅，避免冗長(zhǎng)。這就是說，寫信者應(yīng)用盡可能少的文字表達(dá)其必須傳遞的信息，而且寫信者應(yīng)將其所需傳遞的信息表達(dá)清楚，以免對(duì)方產(chǎn)生誤解。書信交往，同樣需要以禮待人。因而在寫信過程中，要避免傷害對(duì)方感情，措辭上多選用些禮貌婉轉(zhuǎn)詞語(yǔ)。
最后，除了避免語(yǔ)法、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤外，信中所引用的史料、數(shù)據(jù)等也應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。
三、常用句式
常用的起首語(yǔ)有：
1）Thank you for your letter dated Dec.22,1969.2)Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5，1997.3)A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1997.4)Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.5)Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.6)In reply to your letter dated 4th July,I want to say…
7)Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.8)What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th!
9)It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.10)First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me.11)With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that …
14)I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.15)I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering.16)I am too excited and delighted at your good news.17)I am very obliged to you for your warm congratulations.…
常用的結(jié)束語(yǔ)有：
1）Awaiting your good news，2)Looking forward to your early reply，3)Hoping to hear from you soon，4)We await your good news.5)I hope to hear from you very soon.6)We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.7)I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles.8)Your early reply will be highly appreciated.9)Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.10)The help you give me is sincerely valued.11)I hope everything will be well with you.12)Please let us know if you want more information.13)I hope you always enjoy yourself.14)I wish you very success in the coming year.15)Please remember me to your family.16)With best regards to your family.17)All the best.18)With love and good wishes.四、分類舉例
1）私人介紹信（Private Letter of Introduction）
Dear Mrs Mark，I am giving Miss Fang Li, a classmate of mine, this note of introduction to you and Mr.Mark, when she goes to visit New York City.Miss Li is my good friend.She is invited by a university to study there for a few months.She is a kind young lady.I believe you will enjoy meeting and knowing each other and become friends.It is my hope that you will kindly invite her to stay in your house for a few days.Kind regards
Very affectionately，×××
例2 Dear Tony，This letter will introduce my best friend Mary Brown of whom you‘ve often heard me mention.She is going to be in Washington D.C.next month to lecture.I want very much to have her meet you there.And this seems like an excellent chance for you to meet each other.I think both of you will have a lot in common.So far as I know, you both are interested in modern literature.Once you meet her, you will really enjoy her company.Any kindness to her will be duly appreciated by me.Yours affectionately，×××
2）應(yīng)聘信（Accepting Request for an Interview）
例1 Dear Mr.Wang，Thank you for your reply of August 20 about my application for a position.It came to hand this morning as a pleasant surprise.I am glad to tell you that I will attend the interview at the time you set for the morning of August 30.I will bring along full details of my testimonials as you suggested.I would like to introduce myself to the company and hope to be a member of it.I would certainly spare no effort to acquit myself to your satisfaction.Yours respectfully，×××
come to hand 表示收到。set 表示設(shè)定時(shí)間。spare no effort 不遺余力。3)推薦信(Letters of Recommendation)
例1
Directions:You are preparing to introduce your student to sb.Write a letter about 100 words and express your opinion clearly.1)what the referee want to obtain
2)the reason you want to introduce him or her.3)the opinion and suggestion of yourself.You do not need to write the address.Dear Professor Smith，It is my pleasure to recommend my student Mr.Wang Gang for admission to your department for pursuing a master degree in accounting.I am engaged in accounting teaching at a university in Beijing China, I enjoy my work and all of my Chinese students, who are so clever and friendly.However Mr.Wang Gang excels almost any others.He is not only outstanding in the field of accounting but also gifted for the English language, for he seems to understand almost every word I say in class.As concern as his personality, I find him honest, responsible, and cooperative.I bet you‘ll like him too.I recommend him enthusiastically.If you need further information regarding Mr.Wang Gnag, do not hesitate to contact me.Best regards，Sincerely yours，×××
be engaged in 表示從事（……工作），as concern as關(guān)于、提及
例2 Dear Mr.Manager，I am writing this letter to recommendate my student Wang Gang who is seeking the position of marketing clerk of your company.He says you are satisfied with his presentation at the interview and require recommendation to be attached to his exceptional academic performance in the college.As his political instructor, I think Mr.Wang is well qualified for the position he seeks.He always ranks among the top five in his grade, has passed CET-6 and obtains a certificate of intermediate computer skills.Mr.Wang is a studious, selfless, and aspiring young man, and he is awarded the title of Three Good Activist by the college every year.I believe he is a good candidate worthy of your consideration.Your sincerely，×××
interview即面試，be well qualified表示完全具有資格、很合格
例3
Directions:You are going to write a recommendation for sb.as you will introduce him or her a job.Please express your idea clearly about 100 words.You do not need to write the address.Dear Sirs，I take delight in recommending Mr Wang Gang to the Education Department of your university.Mr Wang is a conscientious and strong-minded young man.He was first trained for two years in Beijing Normal University and assigned to work as a high school teacher.His desire, however, was to instruct English in a university.Then he entered the Beijing Institute of Education to study English for another two years.His academic record was exceptionally good, especially in American literature course.Now, He has graduated from the institute and hopes to study further abroad, which will benefit his future employment prospect and may help fulfil his desire.I should appreciate it very much if you would consider him.Yours sincerely，×××
take delight in表示很樂于（做某事）。例4
Directions: Your are asked to write a recommendation for a student.Please give your suggestions and express your opinions clearly about 100 words.You do not need to write the address.To Professor Zhang，I have the pleasure of writing this letter of recommendation for Mr.Li Ming, who is a student of mine.He wishes to be considered an applicant for the MS course of biology at your college.Mr.Wang is a gifted young man.He has devoted his heart to his study and research.Not only has he obtained A‘s in all major subject areas, but he has also published several articles in the school journal, illustrating his originality and his deep understanding of science.For his competence, he is respected by everyone who knows him.I feel sure that, if he is accepted by your college, he will be able to develop his talent to its fullest potential.I sincerely hope you will give him favorable consideration.Yours cordially，×××
推薦信經(jīng)常使用一些褒獎(jiǎng)的形容詞來(lái)描述被推薦人。以下是一些常用的描述品行和能力的詞語(yǔ)，供大家參考：bright, clever, capable, gifted, talented, ingenious, outstanding, prominent, diligent, assiduous, industrious, conscientious, hardworking, humorous, good-humored, cooperative, compromising, competent, original, innovative, ambitious, creative, original, innovative, inventive, imaginative, firm, persistent, persevering, resourceful, kind-hearted, generous, honest, helpful, cheerful, considerate, devoted, dedicated, committed, promising, far beyond the average person等。以上各詞應(yīng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)意選擇，但不要過于堆砌。4）祝賀信（Letters of Congratulation）
例1 Directions: Please write a letter of about 100 words to congratulate your friend Li Ming, who did well in the passed college entrance exam and has been enrolled in Peking University.You do not need to write the address.Dear Ming，We are very happy to know that you have successfully passed the college entrance examination this year and have been admitted into Peking University.Allow us to give our most sincere congratulations on this exciting occasion.You have all along been working hard at your professional studies, and you are excellent in most subjects.Your success shows that only hard work can yield good results.We take this opportunity to express our best wishes to you.Wish you greater achievements in your college education.Yours cordially, 例2
Directions:Your high school classmate Zhanghong has just graduated from Cambridge University.Please write a letter to congratulate her.You should write about 100 words and do not need to write the address.Dear Zhanghong，How time flies!Here you are graduating from Cambridge University and planning to find a job in a computer cooperation in the United States.Congratulations on the job well done while at university and good luck to you during your new career.I wish you success in all your undertakings and hope you?ll find your career a source of great joy and happiness.Any time when you come back home,I wish you would come to my place.Then,we may recall our high school life.Everything will be well with you —I believe.Sincerely yours，×××
寫作時(shí)要充分挖掘?qū)дZ(yǔ)中的有效信息，特別是high school classmate等細(xì)節(jié)信息。
例3
Directions：Bill got a Doctorate in literature for Tsinghua University.Write a letter to congratulate him.You should write about 100 words and do not need to write the address.Dear Bill，I got the news from Mike that you have received a Doctorate in literature from Tsinghua University.I congratulate you for this.To have reached this milestone in your scholarship at a young age is really great.It means, I believe, years of assiduous study and hard work on your part.And it is an achievement you can be well proud of.As your best friend, I hope you can reach higher level in your study and do more contribution to the society.My best wishes to you!
Sincerely，××× 例5 Directions: Write a letter of congratulation to a friend who win the scholarship in Tsinghua University.You should write about 100 words and do not need to write the address.Dear Jiang，I take great pleasure in sending congratulations to you on your winning the scholarship to the Tsinghua University of American literature.While I‘m not a little surprised, I‘m all happy to get the good news.I know you have got excellent marks for all the courses you took.It is great to know that you have achieved the goal you set for yourself.It is an award that you richly deserve.I‘m really proud of you.Warmest congratulations.Cordially yours，×××
這是一封祝賀信。字詞之間流露出祝賀的誠(chéng)意，如―great pleasure‖，―not a little surprise‖，―great‖
5)求助信(Letters of Asking for Help)例1
Directions: You want to study further for a Master‘s degree and you are preparing for the entrance exam.Since you have difficulty in English, you should write a letter around 100 words to ask for help from your good friend Fang.You do not need to write the address.Dear Fang，I am sorry that I have to ask a favour of you, with the hope that you will be kind to help me.I have been longing to apply for the entrance examination for MA candidates for a long time because I want to pursue advanced studies.Unfortunately I find myself far from the required standard, especially my very poor English.At this moment, the personal friendship leads me to approach you with the request, whether you can manage to give me some constructive guidance.I promise to be a diligent student.If you agree, I will come to your house once a week at a time most convenient to you.Thank you very much for your kind help on many occasions in the past.Your friend，×××
Thank you very much for your kind help on many occasions in the past.多次承你幫忙，不勝感激！
例2 Directions: Suppose you are a senior majored in physics and plan to study further abroad.Please write a letter of about 100 words to professor Li and ask him to write a reference for you to a U.S.university.You do not need to write the address.Dear professor Li，I am a undergraduate from the Department of physics and I fortunately took a major course on which you lectured.Your lessons impressed me deeply.As a senior, I face the choice between hunting for a job and continuing to study.I prefer to apply for a chance to pursue a Master‘s degree abroad.I have taken required English exams and got excellent scores.What‘s more, I have finished my personal statement, which is attached to this letter.I‘m now writing to ask if you can write a reference for me, which will greatly facilitate my admission into a U.S.university.Best wishes for your health.Your Student，×××
在請(qǐng)求別人寫推薦信時(shí)應(yīng)寫明自己的目的和打算，并為對(duì)方提供相關(guān)信息。
例3 Directions:You plan to apply for admission to Harvard University.You want Mr Black help you with money.Write a letter to him to tell him.1)The reason for your letter.2)The sum of money 3)How you make your living in the U.S.You do not need to write the address.Dear Mr.Black，I have applied for admission to Harvard University.As I have no relatives in the United States and I have no enough money for the tuition.I must find a financial guarantor.You know, in applying for a student visa, an affidavit to support must be submitted from an individual who will assure this opportunity.It plays an important role for my chance to enter the Harvard University.Could you do me a favor to be my financial guarantor.If I really have the chance of coming to the U.S., I will undertake part-time employment to cover all the living expenses.Please write to me soon.Yours sincerely，×××
出國(guó)留學(xué)需要有人經(jīng)濟(jì)擔(dān)保。如果是到美國(guó)留學(xué)，那么你的美國(guó)友人要填寫一份擔(dān)保書（affidavit of support），保證你在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)期間的學(xué)費(fèi)和生活費(fèi)用。
例4
Directions:You are preparing to ask for some help from your teacher,write a letter that:
1)detail what you want he or she do for you.2)express your thanks to your teacher.You do not need to write the address.Dear Ms Wang，I make bold to write this letter to ask you to do me a favour.I have tried to translate several short chinese stories into English for a part-time job.As it is the first time for me to do a translation work, I think there must be many errors and awkward expressions of Chinese English for my lack of experiences.I sincerely hope that you would read over my manuscripts and correct my mistakes and sociolisms.Also could you please give me some other suggestions on my translation work.Thank you for your help with great respect!
Your faithful student，×××
請(qǐng)人幫忙除了通常所說的ask for help,也可以用do sb a favour來(lái)表達(dá)。表示很誠(chéng)懇地希望什么時(shí)，可用句型―I sincerely hope that… 6)求職信(Letters of Applying for A Job)
求職信的內(nèi)容一般包括以下部分：
1）寫信的緣由；
2）個(gè)人情況簡(jiǎn)介，例如；年齡、性別、文化程度、工作經(jīng)歷、工作技能、個(gè)人專長(zhǎng)等；
3）推薦人或證明人姓名以供錄用方查詢；
4）約定面試時(shí)間。通常隨求職信附上個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷和兩三封推薦信。例1 Directions:You are ×××, an to—be graduate from JiLin University, majoring in English.Write a letter to a company applying for a position, Your letter should include
1)an introduction of yourself.2)your qualification for the position.3)asking for an interview.You should write 100 words or so, you don‘t need to write the address.Dear Sirs, I am a graduatee from Jilin University of Foreign Language Institute.As a student of English for Business, I hope to work in a foreign company after graduation.In the past four academic years, I have proved myself to be a straight A student, awarded a succession of scholarships.My English is particularly good and German happens to be my second foreign language, which will live up to the requirements set by a wholly-owned foreign company like yours.I apply for the position of assistant to your marketing project manager.You will find me a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn.I believe I can be of value to your company.I should be very happy if you would arrange an interview with me.yours sincerely，×××
Live up to符合arrange an interview安排面試
例2 Directions:You are a senior of computer science.You‘d like to be an intern for an IT company.Write a letter to present your willings:You should clear:
1)your education background.2)your purpose of being an intern.Dear sirs，I am a senior of computer science in Beijing University of Technology.I would like to work as an intern in your company.As I have a wide interest in computer, I will do whatever job assigned to me, in software development or in technical support.One of my advantages is that I am able to work conscientiously under pressure.The more challenging my task is, the better it will be done.My main purpose is just to put into practice what I have learned from the classroom in the past few years and to learn about my own ability in practical work.Remuneration is not yet taken into consideration.I am enclosing a resume and looking forward to hearing from you.Yours respectfully，×××
put into practice付諸實(shí)踐
例3
Directions:Suppose you graduates from Business School of Peking University.Please write a letter to a director and apply for a chance of further study.The number of words is no less than 100 words and you don‘t need to write the address.Dear Mr.Director，I am interested in your graduate Program of International Management.I have just graduated from the Business School of Peking University, holding a bachelor degree and awarded the Title of Excellent Student.I should be most obliged to you if you would send me your catalogue and necessary application forms at your earliest convenience.Enclosed please find my resume attesting to my outstanding academic performance at the Business School of Peking University.Thank you for your consideration.Yours sincerely，×××
這是一封本科畢業(yè)生寫給研究生導(dǎo)師的信，把它歸入求職信是因?yàn)槎咴趯懛ㄉ匣旧鲜且恢碌摹＠?
Directions：Please write a letter of about 100 words to a university to apply for a teaching post.You Should not write the address.Dear Sirs，I am sending you my resume for consideration of acceptance to teach English within your University this coming summer or Fall/Winter semesters.I do have high qualifications with much related experience.If your University has a need in my field of expertise,I would be very happy to discuss any possibilities.Please feel free to call,fax or write me at the address below.Thanks so much for receiving my resume.I believe I will be able to hear from you soon.If for some reasons you currently do not have any available positions,please keep me on file for my future availability.Sincerely，×××
求職信的末尾可寫上如果不予聘用，可將本人納入備選檔案。例6
Directions:You are applying for a position of teaching English as a second language to a University.Write a letter about this.You should write no less than 100 words and the address is not necessary.Dear Sirs，I would like to apply for any position of teaching English as a second language that become available in the semester of 2003.I am a professional artist and have taught at the university level.Chinese art is special interest to me,and I took an introductory class in Far Eastern Arts before completing my Master?s degree.If no position is available teaching English as a second language,I could contribute by teaching courses in the recent history of Western art.I enclosed my resume,which indicates my teaching experience and my work with people of various backgrounds.Thank you for your consideration.Sincerely，×××
7)邀請(qǐng)信(Letters of Invitation)例1
Directions:You are planning to ask your friend to join an outing.Express your idea clearly as follows:
1)details about what you are going to do
2)when and where you will go out.You should write no less than 100 words and don‘t need to write the address.Dear Li Ying，Haven‘t seen you for a long time.How have you been? I am missing you all the time.As the weather is splendid now, Jack、Lucy and I have made a plan to go out to the countryside by bike.Each of us may take food for the picnic, which we will have at the hillside.The countryside must be very lovely, with grass and trees growing flourishingly, flowers full bloom and bright sunshine.We can enjoy the scenery to our hearts‘ content, at the same time and take some pictures as a memory.It is possible for us to meet at the bus stop 8 a.m.I am sure we will have a good time.Do come and join us.Yours always，×××
邀友交游時(shí)的語(yǔ)言可以比較輕松、簡(jiǎn)單而不用太正式，例如一些簡(jiǎn)單的問候―How have you been?‖ 和邀請(qǐng)語(yǔ)句―Do come‖
例2 Directions:You want to invite Mr.Wallace to give a speech on ―American literature‖.Write a letter to him and say.1)the purpose of the invitation.2)the time of the lecture Dear Mr.Wallace，We know that you are an expert on literature.As students in English major, we want to know some details about literature.We should be very grateful if you could give a talk on ―American Literature‖ to students of the English Department on Saturday, April 19.If this subject does not suit you, any other similar topic would be welcome as well.We have already had several very interesting talks from distinguished visiors from various countries this semester and we look forward eagerly to the opportunity to benefit from your experience and wisdom.Sincerely yours，×××
本文是邀請(qǐng)外國(guó)專家做講座的邀請(qǐng)函。信的言辭應(yīng)表示誠(chéng)意，如―我殷切期盼‖（to look forward eagerly to the opportunity），還要表示尊重，如―從您的閱歷和智慧中受益‖（to benefit from your experience and wisdom）.例4 Directions: write a letter to invite your colleagues to participate in a family party.The follows should be included
1)the reasons of invitation
2)time and location of the party
I will go to a food party at Karen Yius place together with colleagues of the Accounts Department at 4:00 p.m.this Sunday to celebrate the fourteenth anniversary of his marriage.Everybody is expected to bring a dish and a bottle of wine of his or her own.If you feel interested, please join us at the main entrance of Pioneer Plaza at 3:00 p.m.sharp that day, and don‘t forget your dish and wine.We do hope you come and are expecting to see you then.With best wishes.Sincerely yours，×××
邀請(qǐng)信語(yǔ)言應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)明真誠(chéng)，形式通常有正式和非正式兩種形式。本文是同事之間的邀請(qǐng)，并且參加的是家庭聚會(huì)，所以用非正式形式即可。
8)感謝信（Letters of Thankness）
例
Directions:Your friend Jenny gave you a hand when you were in depression because of your mother‘s death.Write a letter to express your thankness.1)the reason for the letter
2)What you will do to overcome the sorrow.Dear Jenny，I do not need to tell you how greatly I appreciate all you have done for me these days and how grateful I am for the comfort and understanding you gave me when I needed them so desperately.No one knows better than you how important my mother meant to me and what an aching void my life has become without her.But I am trying to take your advice and I hope that returning to my work next week will help heal the sorrow
I really do not know what I would have been without you.Thank you again for everything you have done for me!
Affectionately，×××
假如你失去親人，你會(huì)感到―悲傷‖（sorrow或aching void），―迫切需要?jiǎng)e人的安慰和理解‖（need comfort and understanding desperately）。這封信就是對(duì)于別人在此時(shí)此刻所給予的幫助表示由衷的感謝，寫信人說：―要是沒有你，我真不知道該怎么做‖（I really do not know what I would have been without you.），請(qǐng)注意英語(yǔ)句子的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
9)求學(xué)信(Letters of Applying for Study Chance)
總的來(lái)說，第一封求學(xué)信不要過長(zhǎng)，只需寫明自己的姓名、職業(yè)、學(xué)歷、專業(yè)、入學(xué)時(shí)間以及通訊地址即可。待所申請(qǐng)的學(xué)校復(fù)函后，再按要求寄去所需材料，例如：簡(jiǎn)歷、成績(jī)單、學(xué)位證明、推薦信、經(jīng)濟(jì)擔(dān)保書、健康證明、外語(yǔ)考試成績(jī)等。
例
Directions: If you are a student of Tianjin University and you want to apply to the Graduate School for pursuit of the International Business Program of the New York University.Write the applying letter like following:
1)Declare all your situations in Tianjin University.2)What do you want to apply for? Dear Mr Smiths，Thank you for your last letter.As your require, I have written a personal statement to give a detailed description of my academic and work experience in Tianjin University.I also wrote my reasons for my applying to your Graduate School for pursuit of the International Business Program.I have two letters of recommendation for me.One of them is from an English Professor, which proves that my English has reached an advanced level.The other is from an economics professor, which certificates that I am good in the field of economics and business management.Both of the letters will be mailed directly to you.My GMAT score is 2160.I haven‘t received my TOFEL score yet.But I will send it to you as soon as I know.Best Wishes
Yours sincerely，×××
申請(qǐng)出國(guó)的求學(xué)信應(yīng)包括PS.推薦信和相關(guān)英語(yǔ)考試的成績(jī)，諸如TOFEL、GRE以及GMAT等，一般來(lái)說GRE和GMAT有一個(gè)即可申請(qǐng)，而TOFEL成績(jī)則是去英語(yǔ)國(guó)家留學(xué)的必要條件 10）請(qǐng)求信(Letters of Request)
例
Directions: You are about to write an application for you want to get a rise of your salary.Please express your reasons clearly in about 100 words.September 10, 2002 Dear Manager，I make bold to write this letter to you.One year ago I joined your firm as an apprentice, receiving $ 500 per month during the period of training.Now I became a full-time clerk afterwards for a few days, but my salary has remained the same.As the cost of living is rising, would you consider an increase of my salary? I will not wonder too much but the same as other clerks in our firm.I pledge myself to continue to serve the firm to the best of my ability.Many thanks
Yours faithfully，×××
make bold to表示冒昧（地做某事）一般請(qǐng)別人幫忙或者要求加薪時(shí)可以這樣用。full-time表示全職，part-time表示兼職。
11)祝福信（Letters of Regards）
例
Directions:You are going to send a letter to your friend for the new year.Please write it in about 100 words and do not need to write the address.Dear Mr.Carter，As a new year comes across the corner, it gives us great pleasure to say how much we have appreciated working with you over the past twelve months.It was a good memory for me which I always kept in my mind.Would you be the same with me? Last year was a wonderful year and we both got many benefits and progress from each other.I sincerely hope that our pleasant business relationship will continue for years to come.Our staff here join me in wishing you a very Merry Christmas and a Happy and Prosperous New Year.Yours sincerely，×××
* 生意人在新年來(lái)臨之際相互祝愿，主要關(guān)心的當(dāng)然是―繼續(xù)保持業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系‖（to continue the pleasant business relationship），并且―在新的一年里生意興隆‖（a Happy and Prosperous New Year）
2.便箋(便條)和短信
便條也是書信的一種形式。它的特點(diǎn)是內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)短，主要有臨時(shí)性的詢問、留言、通知、要求等。跟正規(guī)書信相比，便條的語(yǔ)言比較口頭化，比如要通知某事只需這樣開頭：Just a line to tell you that...而無(wú)須像正規(guī)書信那樣This is to inform you that...開頭。另外，在便條中常出現(xiàn)省略現(xiàn)象，例如：―key to back door is under mat.‖或者―key to back door under mat.‖(后門鑰匙在墊子下面)代之以―The key to the back door is under the mat.‖。
結(jié)束時(shí)也無(wú)需結(jié)尾禮詞，只需寫上寫便條者姓名。如果是關(guān)系比較近的人，則只需寫上姓或名。
便條的日期通常寫在右上角。一般只寫上星期幾或者星期幾上午或下午，也可寫上午、下午的具體時(shí)刻。日常應(yīng)用中，寫上幾月幾日的也很普遍。但一般不寫年份，因?yàn)楸銞l的內(nèi)容多半是當(dāng)日或近日內(nèi)要辦的事情。寫便條時(shí)，不得事先準(zhǔn)備，因此無(wú)固定格式，大多用手寫。
二、注意事項(xiàng)
1.詞句簡(jiǎn)潔，盡量避免應(yīng)酬語(yǔ)和各種敬詞
2.切忌內(nèi)容空洞、言不達(dá)意。
請(qǐng)假（Asking for Leave）
例1
Class 4, Grade 3
Aug.22nd
To Department Office Secretary Li，I‘m sorry to apply for ten day‘s leave from the Aug.23rd to sept, 3rd instant.As I have to leave with the time is urgent.My father now in the hospital is badly ill.I have to go to see him and take care of him for a few days.You know I‘m the only child in my family.Of course I will show you the telegram about my fathers illness which is recieved from my mother to support my application.As concern as the missed lessons during my absence, I promise I will do my best to catch them on after I come back to the campus.Wish for your allowance.Yours respectfully
×××
本文是一封請(qǐng)假條，一般我們要向上級(jí)或老師請(qǐng)假，通常用的是ack for leave這個(gè)短語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)三天假可寫作：ask for three days‘ leave;因病請(qǐng)假則是ask for sick leave.leave在這里是名詞用法，文中用的短語(yǔ)是apply for意為―申請(qǐng)‖，含有更加鄭重的意味，常用于下級(jí)對(duì)上級(jí)或晚輩對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩的書面語(yǔ)中，―Only child‖意為―獨(dú)生子女‖相應(yīng)的，―獨(dú)生女‖譯作―only daughter‖而―獨(dú)生子‖譯作―only son‖.As concern as.后面跟名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)，意為―涉及到，至于‖與Concerning同意，兩者可以互換。
道歉（Apology）
此類信要寫得及時(shí)，態(tài)度要誠(chéng)懇，用詞需謙遜。一般在信一開始就向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢饣騼?nèi)疚，然后說明原因并提出補(bǔ)救的辦法。
例1
Directions: You have missed a date of your friend, now you have to write a letter for appologization in about 100 words.May 20th Dear Lily，I am sorry I missed seeing you yesterday.I know that you must have been disappointed.I also feel worried and anxious in my heart.The fact is that my manager at the last moment asked me to prepare a urgent plan while I could not get to a phone to call you and yesterday I have worked late until about 8:30 p.m.I am terribly sorry.However, I would like to ask you out this weekend to make up for yesterday.Please give me a chance and I am waiting for your reply.×××
臨時(shí)有事未能赴約，一定要把事情解釋清楚并真誠(chéng)的道歉，最好能有彌補(bǔ)（to make up），就像這封信里所說的那樣，邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方周末再碰頭（I would like to ask you out this weekend）注意英文句子you must have been disappointed中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示過去行為。這句話應(yīng)該理解為―你當(dāng)時(shí)一定感到很失望‖。
應(yīng)用文寫作 備忘錄
一、概述
備忘錄是一種錄以備忘的公文。在公文函件中，它的等級(jí)是比較低的，主要用來(lái)提醒、督促對(duì)方，或就某個(gè)問題提出自己的意見或看法。在業(yè)務(wù)上，它一般用來(lái)補(bǔ)充正式文件的不足。它的內(nèi)
容可以分為以下幾項(xiàng)：
書端（Heading）;
收文人的姓名、頭銜、地址（Addressee‘s Name, Title, Address）；
稱呼(Salutation)；
事因(Subject)；
正文（Body）；
結(jié)束語(yǔ)（Complimentary Close）；
署名（Signature）。
二、注意事項(xiàng)
書端部分包括發(fā)文機(jī)關(guān)的名稱、地址、發(fā)文日期，有的還包括電報(bào)掛號(hào)、電傳號(hào)、電話號(hào)碼等。許多機(jī)關(guān)有自己特制的信箋，在寫書端時(shí)，其格式和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用與一般信件的相同。收文人（或收文單位）的姓名、頭銜、地址一項(xiàng)寫在左上角編號(hào)處的下面，其格式與書信的寫法相同。
稱呼從左邊頂格寫起，對(duì)一般機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體的負(fù)責(zé)人一般用 Dear Sir，對(duì)政府官員可用 Sir。
―事因‖一項(xiàng)目前采用得較少。它可放在稱呼語(yǔ)之前，也可放在其后，前面可加 Re或Docket, Subject。如果此項(xiàng)寫在稱呼語(yǔ)之前，多從左邊的頂格寫起；若放在稱呼語(yǔ)之后，一般寫在信箋正中。它多采用不完整的句子，只需很少幾個(gè)詞，甚至一個(gè)詞，目的在于使收文人對(duì)文中的主要內(nèi)容一目了然，便于及時(shí)處理。
正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)和署名等項(xiàng)與一般信件的格式相同。
三、舉例
例1
Directions: Write a memorandum of about 100 words to the student service department and ask them to fix a telephone for each dormitory.MEMO
August 16,2004
To:The leader of student service department
From: Li Ming
Subject:Telephone Dear Sir，I would like to remind you that we are in want of a telephone for each dormitory.As a university student, we need to cope with the daily increasing communications with teachers, friends and people outside the campus.We need a telephone to get and send message, which is important for us.Though most of us have mobile phones and e-mail address, a telephone in the dormitory is after all the most convenient and cheapest tool of communication.I hope that you will pay attention to this problem and solve it as soon as possible.Regards.Yours，Li Ming remind‖一詞用法比較多，可以在后面直接接人或賓格，如―提醒我‖譯為please remind me.如果提醒某人某事則用remind somebody of something，也可以在后面加從句，即―remind sb that‖,remind還有一個(gè)意思為―使想起‖同樣用remind…of…的結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)注意與提醒某事區(qū)分。
例2 Directions:You are supposed to write a Memorandom of about 100 words to the leader of the supply section to borrow one more microscope for your biological experiment.It should include: 1)Why you need the microscope.2)When you need it.MEMO
August 12,2004
To: Mr.Gates, leader of the supply section
From:Li Ming of the biological laboratory
Subject:Microscope Dear Sir，I‘m a student of biology department and we are badly in need of an extra microscope in order to improve our experimental work.Our experiment will start on Friday, so please issue a microscope to us as soon as possible so that we can prepare better for the experiment.With kind regards.Yours sincerely，Li Ming 這是一封備忘錄，在寫備忘錄的時(shí)侯，一定要注意它的格式，尤其要在開頭寫清楚是誰(shuí)寫給誰(shuí)來(lái)備忘的，用From: To：兩個(gè)單詞即可。文中的―badly‖是―非常的，迫切的‖意思。短語(yǔ)―in order to‖同下句的―so that‖意思是一樣的即：為了，目的是。不同的是前者后接動(dòng)詞原型而后者常跟目的狀語(yǔ)從句，類似的短語(yǔ)還有―in order that‖,用法與―so that‖相同。
例3 Directions: If you are the teacher of the students‘ Counseloris office: P: steelpes, and you have received a letter for requesting for paid education leave from a student.Write him a memo to reply him including details:
1)The result of his requirement.2)The reason for rejecting.3)some suggestions
To: Records Section
From: P/ Steelpes, Career Planning
Subject: Request for Paid Education Leave
Date: May 22, 2004
In response to your request for one year of paid education leave to take a degree in English literature, I have to inform you that we cannot authorize this leave.While we appreciate your desire to improve your knowledge, we feel that English literature is not directly related to your present position and to the goals of this organization.I am aware of your great interest in literature, and I would like to point out that you could gain advantage to apply for leave without pay.If you need another information on the above, do not hesitate to keep touch with me at any time.P.Steels
首先要注意本篇備忘錄的格式很標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。然后注意這個(gè)備忘錄的個(gè)別詞的用法，譬如：be aware of 注意到、當(dāng)心的意思，point out 指出,request for 要求，in response to 反饋。
應(yīng)用文寫作 摘要
一、概述
文章摘要是對(duì)所寫文章主要內(nèi)容的精煉概括。美國(guó)人稱摘要為―Abstract‖,而英國(guó)人則喜歡稱其為―Summary‖。
通常國(guó)際刊物要求所要刊登的文章字?jǐn)?shù)，包括摘要部分不超過1萬(wàn)字。而對(duì)文章摘要部分的字?jǐn)?shù)要求則更少。因此，寫摘要時(shí)，應(yīng)用最為簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)論文之精華。論文摘要的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放在所研究的成果和結(jié)論上。
國(guó)際會(huì)議要求的論文摘要的字?jǐn)?shù)不等，一般為200字-500字。而國(guó)際刊物要求所刊登的論文摘要的字?jǐn)?shù)通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，內(nèi)容上涵蓋全文，并直接點(diǎn)明全旨。語(yǔ)言上要求盡量簡(jiǎn)煉。摘要通常多采用第三人稱撰寫。
科學(xué)書籍、論文和學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告一般都附有內(nèi)容摘要，這樣可以節(jié)省讀者的時(shí)間，使他們不必讀完整個(gè)文章就能夠了解它的主要內(nèi)容。書籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；論文和學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。摘要應(yīng)做到簡(jiǎn)明扼要，切題，能獨(dú)立成文，使讀者能準(zhǔn)確地了解書籍的要義。寫摘要時(shí)，最好用第三人稱的完整的陳述句，文長(zhǎng)一般不超過200個(gè)詞。
摘要分陳述性的（Descriptive）和資料性的（Informational）兩類。陳述性摘要只陳述書籍或文章的主題，不介紹內(nèi)容。資料性的摘要除了介紹主題外，還應(yīng)介紹文章的要點(diǎn)和各個(gè)要點(diǎn)的主要內(nèi)容。
它可以包括三個(gè)組成部分
①點(diǎn)明主題，解析文章或書籍的目的或意圖；
②介紹主要內(nèi)容，使讀者迅速了解文章或書籍的概貌；
③提出結(jié)論或建議，以供讀者參考。
二、常見句型
常見的摘要句型有：
1）This paper deals with...2）This article focuses on the topics of(that,having,etc)...3）This eassy presents knowledge that...4）This thesis discusses...5）This thesis analyzes...6）This paper provides an overview of...7)This paper elaborates on...8）This article gives an overview of...9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings.10）This paper includes discussions concerning...11)This paper presents uptodate information on...12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes...16)This eassy represents the preceedings of...17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper considers...19)This paper provides a method of...20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21)This paper offers the latest information regarding...22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23)This article explores...24)This paper expresses views on...25)This paper reflects the state of the art in...26)This paper explains the procedures for...27)This paper develops the theory of...28)This article reviews the techniques used in...29)This paper investigates the techniques and procedures to...30)This article is about...31)This eassy is related to...32)This paper concerns...33)This paper gives an account of...34)This article tells of...35)This paper tries to describe...36)This paper provides an analysis of...37)This paper reports the latest information on...38)The author of this article reviews...39)The writer of this paper discusses...40)The writer of this eassy tries to explore...41)The aim of this paper is to determine...42)The purpose of this article is to review...43)The objective of this paper is to explore...破題用語(yǔ)，一般有：
①The author of this article reviews(or: discusses,describes,summarizes,examines)something……
②This article reviews(or:reports,tells of,is about,concerns)something…….③This article has been prepared(or:designed,written)…….④The purpose of this article is to determine something…….⑤The problem of something is discussed …….結(jié)論和建議，一般有以下幾種寫法：
①The author suggests(recommends,concludes)that…….②This article shows that…….③It is suggested that…….④The author?s suggestion(or:conclusion)is that ……
⑤The author finds it necessary to …….三、分類舉例
1）陳述型論文摘要。陳述型論文摘要（Descriptive Abstract）一般只說明論文的主題是什么，多半不介紹內(nèi)容。
例1
ABSTRACT
This article extends Lehand and Pyle(1997)model to include the possibility that manager may exploit cooperate wealth through transactions with affiliated companies and/or individuals.The results of our model show that the amounts of wealth exploitation are affected by several factors.They are inorderly managerial stockholding,the severity of penalty,the manager?s risk attitude,firm?s expected future cash flows,and the variance of future cash flows.What?s more, the relation between managerial holding and the amount of wealth exploitation is not seperate.Wealth exploitation rises with management share holdings before the break point.When managerial holding exceeds the break point,any further increase in the management holdings will decrease the amount of wealth exploitation.例2
ABSTRACT
The effect of price limit on the stock return,volatility and the structural change is analyzed through a generalized autoregressive conditional heterscedasticity(GARCH)model.The interaction between stock returns and its volatility is permitted in each price limit regime.While the stock return does not go up when the price limit goes down from 5%to 7%.The stock volatility,on the other hand,is substantially different across three regimes.The higher the price limit,the larger is the volatility.In end the GARCH model does not suffer from the structural change when price limits change.例3
ABSTRACT
This issue presents a complete survey on the integrin,immunoglobulin,and selection families cellular expression patterns on endothelial, resident cells and graft infiltrating cells in human stomach, heart ,and lung transplants.It describes the patterns of cellular expression and inducibility in different pathological conditions of the graft.It also discusses the implications for the organ specific appearance of inflammatory reactions in human stomach,heart and lung transplants as for immunosuppressive and therapeutic interventions.例4
ABSTRACT
We classfied firm?s finacing decisions into four categories:internal financing banking,bank loans,convertible bonds and preferred stocks,and new common shares.This paper uses pooled cross-section and time series data.When the adjusted data is used,we find that B/M has explanatory power to stock returns for the new-issue category;C/F for the internal financing category.The size variable is also significant in all categories.However,the sign is not consistent.The convertible category has reverse size effect and others have size effects.As for the E/P variable,we don?t find any additional explanatory power to stock returns for any category.The use of different definition of size hardly changes our results.例5
Contact Problems in the Classical Theory of Elasticity
CONTACT PROBLEMS IN THE CLASSICAL THEORY OF ELASTICITY
by G.M.Gladwell
This article gives an account of contact problems in the classical theory of elasticity.It begins from fundamental principles and aims to offer information on recent developments on this subject that the reader can take advantage to widen his horizon of contact problems.例6
Use of Engineering Metals
Use of Engineering Metals
ABSTRACT
This article shows us the importance of metals in our daily life,especially in machine building and engineering construction.Metals that are used in industry are called engineering metals,of which the most widely-used is iron.Therefore,production of iron is very critical to the development of a nation.例7
Pure and Applied Science
Pure and Applied Science
ABSTRACT
In this article ,the author holds that pure science is fundermentally concerned with the development of theories establishing relationships between the phenomena of the universe.On the other hand applied science,is directly connected with the application of the working laws of pure science to the practical affairs in the life,and to man?s increasing control over the environment,thus leading to the development of new techniques,processes and machines.It is evident that many branches of applied science are practical extensions of purely theoretical or experimental work.It shows to us that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting.2）信息型論文摘要。信息型論文摘要（Informational Abstract）與陳述型論文摘要相比，略有不同。它除了介紹論文的主題外，還應(yīng)介紹論文的主要觀點(diǎn)以及各觀點(diǎn)部分的核心內(nèi)容。這
種形式實(shí)際中相對(duì)少見。顯然，這種形式的摘要較陳述型摘要長(zhǎng)得多。例如：
例1
Probable Development of Agricultural Mechanization
Probable Development of Agricultural Mechanization
ABSTRACT
This article reviews the past achievements in agricultural mechanization and aims to predict the developments in the immediate future.It is widely acknowledged that to cope with greater crop output,it is necessary to make use of more powerful equipment that is capable of more extensive work within the limited time.The main problems are discussed under the following headings.1)General Trend of Machanization
2)Mechanization of Crop Farming
3)Mechanization of Animal Husbandry
The article concludes that further progress of agricultural mechanization depends on,to a great extent,the development of mechanical industry,which should be spurred and encouraged.例2
Cultural Factors in Translation and Their Transfer
Cultural Factors in Translation and Their Transfer
ABSTRACT
This thesis attempts to apply general knowledge of linguistics,anthropology and translation to the research of cultural factors in translation and their transfer.The thesis concludes a brief introduction and four chapters.The introduction presents the specific topic and raises several related issues.Chapter One is devoted to the relationship between language,culture and translation.Chapter Two focus on the categorization of cultural factors in translation.Chapter Three talks about three topics:translatability,major translation methods of cultural factors,and the transfer of some important cultural subcategories.The last chapter,gives an analysis of some inappropriate translations and draws a general conclusion for the whole thesis.例3
ABSTRACT
Internationalization and liberalization of business activities have become two of the most significant phenomena for the successful operations of contemporary enterprises.At present,the prevalence of national protectionism and the establishment of regional economic communites,have further enhanced many firms to take part in overseas investments in order that the tariff and non-tarriff barriers of the products could be reduced or eliminated.Yet ,companies operate in different countries with different political,legal,economic,and social cultural surroundings might have different management styles and strategic operating patterns.Traditionally,the Japanese and the US management patterns are two of the most important reference models for the operations of domestic enterprises.Thus, to promote the success of business internationalization activities,it would be very helpful for the domestic firms in Taiwan to evaluate the similarites and differences of the characteristics of business operations for the US and the Japanese firms especially on management styles,organizational structures,and business performances.Through a series of personal interview and mail survey,this study concluded the following findings:
(1)Firms with different investment origins(i.e.,Taiwanese,American,and Japanese firms)tended to operate differently on constructs of cooperate objectives,organizational structures,competitive strategies, and management performances.(2)For cooperate objectives,Japanese firms tended to emphasize organizational development objectives through educating and activating human resources,while American firms favor financial objective such as improving cash flow and profitability.For organizational structures,American firms achieved higher levels of delegation authority and operation formalization than those of Japanese and Taiwanees firms.For competitive strategies,American firms tended to emphasize product differentiation and cost leadership strategies while Japanese firms favor process innovation and product differentiation strategies.(3)Firms selecting process innovation and product development strategies tended to emphasize both organizational development and sales growth objectives.These firms tended to be very sensitive on the potentials of industry development.In addition,firms adopting cost leadership strategies tended to emphasize sales growth objectives.In a word,these firms seemed to exercise higher levels of formalization and standardization of business activities.應(yīng)用文寫作 報(bào)告
例1
Directions:You are preparing for a field report,please write it in about 100words with such items as following:
①the current situation of the equipments
②your reason and suggestion
To:Mr.Zhao Minghua,president of Beijing University
From:Mr.Li HongJun,Dean of Studies.Subject:Buying computers and videotape recorders.Dear Mr.President:
Upon the request of the Equipment Division of the university,we have inspected the laboratory of the Physical Department and found its present equipments unsatisfactory to student, particularly to post graduates.Because there are fourty computers in our laboratory,but there are almost ten times the students and 25 percent are postgraduates.The laboratory material is so shortage that the situation have to be improved at once.In order to enhance the effect of experiments,it is hereby recommended that twenty computers and ten videotape recorders be bought and issued to the laboratory.Li HongJun
*.這是一份實(shí)地考察報(bào)告，要求將所看到的狀況實(shí)事求是的反映出來(lái)。upon the request 表示在……的要求下，以request表示要求一般比較正式。postgraduates即研究生
例2
Direction:Take a report by the academic department of an association.Follows should be pay attention to:
1)the immediate schemes
2)detailed information such as dates,related persons and numbers
WORK-IN-PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF MARCH,2002
From:Anny lee, Head ,Academic Department
To:Mr Ng sik-hung,Chairman Shang Hai Evergreen Association
Ref:0091963
Date:2 April 2002
Ⅰ.Shang Hai Secondary School
1.The number of students for the month is:Form 1:329,Form 2:300,Form 3:500,Form 4:238,Form 5:234
2.The week starting from 17 March 2002 was scheduled as a “week”.3.Mental consult was scheduled to be March offered 2002 in the School Hospital within the period 29 to 1 May 2002.The persons in charge of the program would be staff of the Mental Health Society.Ⅱ.Academic exchange
1.As one of the initiators,the Association has agreed to host the seminar“The fostering of talented personnel in Mainland China”,to be held on 3 May 2002 in Shang Hai.2.The Chairman has agreed to give a talk on behalf of the Association in a seminar on the exchange of talented personnel within South East Asia,which is scheduled to be held on 1 July 1997 in Tokyo.［signature］
*.這是一份工作報(bào)告，這類報(bào)告應(yīng)注意言之有序，無(wú)論是說一件事的始未，或多項(xiàng)事的情況，都必須有條不紊，思路清晰,并且言之有據(jù)，引用的數(shù)據(jù)要準(zhǔn)確，事實(shí)的真相要客觀地陳述。例3Directions:A ship accident took place in Chang Jiang.Please unite a research report to tell:
1)the cause of the accident
2)the results
3)the response of authority
To:Li Ming
From:Liu Hua
Subject:Ship Accident off West Coast of Chang Jiang,No Casualties.Date:April.9,1999
Yesterday evening two boats collided in thick fog in Chang Jiang not far from Wu Han.One was a cargo ship carrying lumber,apparently on its way to Chang Jiang.The other was a National ferry on its regular run from Jiu Jiang to Wu Han.However,because of the weather conditions,the captains did not realize the danger until a few seconds before the collision took place.Consequently,there was no time for them to prevent the accident.Fortunately,there were no casualties among the crews or passengers,but both ships suffered badly damages.A spokesman for the port authorities said that a committee would be set up to determine the cause of the collision.*這是一份非正式報(bào)告，有幾點(diǎn)必須注意：開頭就交待清楚寫報(bào)告書的目的。詳細(xì)闡述調(diào)查經(jīng)過，盡量做到客觀公正。應(yīng)用文寫作 簡(jiǎn)歷
一、概述
現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，人們?cè)趯?shí)現(xiàn)自我推銷時(shí)，外語(yǔ)能力成了一項(xiàng)不容忽視的條件。因而，一份簡(jiǎn)潔，明了、富有說服力的英文簡(jiǎn)歷會(huì)幫助你實(shí)現(xiàn)自我推銷的目的。
在英語(yǔ)中，簡(jiǎn)歷一般采用Resume 或 Curriculum Vitea 一詞，偶爾也有Data Sheet或Vita，Vitae 的用法。
簡(jiǎn)歷是就業(yè)時(shí)不可缺少的材料。它不是對(duì)自己的經(jīng)歷以及經(jīng)驗(yàn)的一一列舉，而是列出主要的且密切相關(guān)的材料。例如：經(jīng)驗(yàn)、業(yè)績(jī)、能力、性格等等，然后將這些相關(guān)信息用簡(jiǎn)潔有力的文字表達(dá)出來(lái)。寫簡(jiǎn)歷時(shí)，應(yīng)身臨其境地設(shè)想是推銷員，并把自己當(dāng)作產(chǎn)品推銷。簡(jiǎn)歷是人們尋求職業(yè)的重要手段，也是爭(zhēng)取就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的第一關(guān)，因此，它必須寫得出色，以便吸引雇主。通常一份成功的簡(jiǎn)歷要遵循下列準(zhǔn)則：
1）展現(xiàn)自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)和特長(zhǎng)；
2）提供能吸引雇主的信息；
3）曾經(jīng)取得過的成績(jī)；
4）附上具有說服力的證明材料、證明人和推薦信。
5）格式美觀，長(zhǎng)度適中；
6）用詞妥貼，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔而不失重點(diǎn)。
二、舉例
例1
Directions:You are applying for admission to qraduate law program and in need of a resume please write it to describe
1)your education background,qualifications and honors
2)experience
3)personal information
You should write about 100 words
RESUME
LI MING
203 APT 32 ALLEY 1324 NANJING RD(E)SHANGHAI 20020, PRC E-MAIL ADDRESS:Liming@sohu.com OBJECTIVE:Seeking admission to graduate program of law EDUCATION:Fudan University1999-present Major in law Shanghai No.1 High School1996-1999 QUALIFICATIONS:University graduation certificate and bachelor degree to be conferred upon graduation(2003)CET6 College English Test level 6 0ct.2002 HONORS:First prize winner of Department speech contest Oct.2002 University scholarship for Excellent studeuts(2001,2002)EXPERIENCE:President of Students‘Union
2001-present Editor of University Journal2000-2001 SPECIAL SKILLS:Good at public speech and debate Proficient in English（fluent speaking and writing）
Expertise on commercial law Good command of Word & Excel software PERSONAL DATA:Date of Birth:8/21/1980 Sex:male Marital Status:unmarried
Health:good
REFERENCES:Zhuang zhong
Dean of law dept
Fudan University
Law professor
*這份簡(jiǎn)歷是仿照美式的，第一個(gè)項(xiàng)目就是―求職意向‖(objective),開門見山，一目了然。請(qǐng)注意―學(xué)歷‖（Education）和―工作經(jīng)歷‖（Experience）,英文必須先寫近的，后寫遠(yuǎn)的，與中文恰好相反。西方強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人特長(zhǎng)，所以簡(jiǎn)歷中最好提一下自己的特長(zhǎng)（special skills）簡(jiǎn)歷末尾給出推薦人證明你的英文和專業(yè)水平。推薦人應(yīng)有一定的身份。
例2
Directions:You are applying for a job.please writing a resume to HR to describe:
1)your objective
2)work experience
3)Educational Background
4)personal information
RESUME
204 APT 2 ALLEY 328 YONGJIA RE TEL：64308991
SHANGHAI 200020，PRCEMALL：kalunz@163.net
Career Objective:A position of management job potential in the banking department specializing in Foreign change
Work Experience:
July 2001 to×××Inc.Present Secretary to deputy manager of marketing
●draft business correspondence
●keep and update files
●Schedule deputy manager‘s appointments
August 1999 to ×××Co., Ltd.June 2001Receptionist
●Telephone communication
●greeted clients
●manage correspondence
March 1998 to ×××Industrial Bank
May 1998 Intern
Educational Background:
Sept 1994 toShanghai×××University,Bachelor Degree in International Business Management
July 1998Major in International Business Management
●key courses including English, Japanese,Computer Operation, Business Management,Investment
International Commercial Law
Sept 1988 to Shanghai×××High School
July 1994
Personal Information:male, born in Shanghai, 11/12,1970, unmarried, healthy
References available upon request.* 這是一份中式求職簡(jiǎn)歷。這種簡(jiǎn)歷重點(diǎn)突出自己的工作經(jīng)歷（Work Experience）,同時(shí)對(duì)自己在每一項(xiàng)工作中的突出成績(jī)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描述，并用●標(biāo)出，以引起對(duì)方注意，此簡(jiǎn)歷較為詳細(xì)地闡明了求職目標(biāo)。
例3
Directions:You are hunting for a job.Please write a resume to describe your
1)job objective
2)education background
3)skills
Li Tao
P.O.Box 211,××University
6824××Road, Shanghai 200431
Tel:53688226 Email:Litao@sina.com.cn
Job Objective Seeking an office building architectural designer position in a small-to-middle sized architectural firm
×× University, shanghai
EducationB.S.in architecture, June 2002
Completed four-year course of architectural design.Counses included Urban Design，Architectural Planning, Structural Engineering，Interior Decoration, Office Facilities Management，Computer-aided
Architectural Design
Special Skills▲Familiar with MS Words, MS Excel,AutoCAD
▲Good command of building codes and standards knowledge
▲independent work ability
▲Proficient in English,(TOEFL 632, January 2001)
Summer Work job construction projects of ××
Company for the past three summers
Other InterestsSketching,painting, photography, developing films in
and hobbies references avail able upon request
*這是一份畢業(yè)生求職簡(jiǎn)歷。它著重突出了自己已學(xué)課程（courses）和個(gè)人的技能（special skills）文中B.S.in architecture,是建筑學(xué)士學(xué)位縮寫。值得指出的是對(duì)在校生來(lái)說，平時(shí)的實(shí)習(xí)工作經(jīng)歷能為你的簡(jiǎn)歷增分不少。因此該學(xué)生也介紹了與所求職位有著相似工作要求的summer work.例4
Directions: You want to apply for a position as a manager of sale department.Write a simple resume to describe your working experience.It should be around 100 words.RESUME
Tony Brown
Center Street
Centerville, La.Telephone:(819)988-6163
Working Experience
2000 to present Western Regional Sales Manager
ABC Electronic Corp.Center, La.Supervised sales force of 35 men selling computer
and MP3 components.Responsible for train
ing, the establishment and fulfillment of sales
goals.During this period, region‘s sales rose
an average of 40% anually, compared to
previous rise to 28%.Presently employed by
the firm, but famile ownership prevents rising
any higher in the foreseeable future
* 個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷不要太繁瑣，一般一張紙就夠了，本范例著重介紹了自己的工作經(jīng)歷以及取得的成就。如果是應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生的簡(jiǎn)歷，就會(huì)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單一些，由于沒有什么工作經(jīng)歷，因此強(qiáng)調(diào)一下自己的已學(xué)課程就可以了。不同的簡(jiǎn)歷側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同，要區(qū)別對(duì)待。
應(yīng)用文寫作 其它
一、通知
通知是上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)、團(tuán)體對(duì)個(gè)人部署工作、傳達(dá)事情或召開會(huì)議時(shí)所用的一種文體。同級(jí)單位有事情要進(jìn)行討論或協(xié)商，也可以互發(fā)通知。通知分兩種：一種是以布告形式，把事情通知有關(guān)人員；另一種是以書信形式，把相關(guān)事情傳達(dá)給有關(guān)人員。一般說來(lái)，通知正文上面正中的地方往往有 Notice 或 NOTICE 一詞作為題目，正文的下面是發(fā)出通知的單位名稱。有時(shí)，發(fā)出通知單位的名稱也可寫在正文之前。發(fā)出通知的日期一般寫在左下角；發(fā)出通知的人或單位的名稱，可以寫在右下角。這兩項(xiàng)有時(shí)也可以省略。發(fā)出通知的單位和通知對(duì)象一般都用第三人稱，但若正文前用了稱呼語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)用第二人稱表示被通知的對(duì)象。
例1
Directions:If you are the organizer of a tour and you should give a notice to tell the tourists something about it.It should include:
1)Where is the destination of the tour.2)What should the tourists pay attention to.You should write no less than 100 words.NOTICE TO TOURISTS
According to the schedule, the touring party will visit the Summer Palace and Tian Anmen Square today.You can leave your baggage in the Left Baggage Office and pick it up later this afternoon if it is too heavy to carry with you.The receipt of the baggage should be kept carefully because you will need it.We will come to the Summer Palace first and finish the tour at 2 pm.Then we are going to the destination of Tian Anmen Square without parking.So please don‘t get off the sightseeing bus during the journey until the driver says that it is time for food and drinks or toilets.Please be on time!
* 這是一張旅行團(tuán)張貼的布告，告知游客當(dāng)天的活動(dòng)以及注意事項(xiàng)。―行李寄存處‖叫Left Baggage Office,這是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)。英國(guó)人管行李叫l(wèi)uggage，與此相對(duì)的,行李寄存處便是Left Luggage Office。領(lǐng)取行李，美語(yǔ)to claim baggage,英國(guó)人說to reclaim luggage。旅游車是sightseeing bus或coach.例2
Directions:There are something important to tell the passengers of the plane.Write notice about:
1)Reconfirmation the reservation
2)What‘s the validity of a normal fare ticket.3)About the refund.You should write about 100 words
Important Notice
RECONFIRMATION If you break your journey for more than 35 hours at any point and hold a continuing or return reservation, please reconfirm your intention of using the reservation.VALIDITY A normal fare ticket is valid for one and a half years from the date of issue if none of any portion of it has been used, or from the date of commencement if the carriage is commenced.When in doubt, please check with the carrier‘s office concerned.REFUND The refund should be made not later than 19 days after expiry date of the ticket and only refunded in the same country.*以上是乘坐飛機(jī)的注意事項(xiàng)，包括來(lái)回票機(jī)座的確認(rèn)問題（reconfirmation）、機(jī)票的有效期問題（validity）以及退票事項(xiàng)（refund）。在飛行前應(yīng)著重注意這些瑣碎的問題。
例3
Directions:You are a member of the students‘ union You want to hold a lecture.Write a notice to the students to inform:
1)the topic and mainly contents of the lecture
2)time and place.3)the professor who will give the lecture.You should write about 100 words
NOTICE
Jontly sponsored by the Students‘ Union and the Youth League Committee, a professional lecture naming ―How the Tariffs changed after China entered into WTO‖will be given by Professor Wang Yanqiong.This lecture is mainly about how the import and export polices affect the development of economy, especially the tariffs.Some experts on WTO problems will be present too.They are going to have a discussion during the meeting.The lecture will be held in the terraced classroom No.5 of the building on Friday, October 1,2004 at 2:30 p.m.Welcome all the intelligent students to join in the lecture.Please be punctual.Jointly sponsors:The Student‘s union and The Youth League Committee
*在表示聯(lián)合發(fā)起時(shí)，用Jointly sponsors加合作單位名稱
例4
Directions:You are a secretary of the Dean‘s Office.Professor Wang Ting is absent for health reasons.Write a bulletin to tell the students.A few of details should be clear:
1)why professor Wang Ting can‘t come to work.2)who will substitute for her
3)how long the situation will be kept
It should be no less than 100 words.BULLETIN
Professor Wang Ting, English teacher of Grade Three, is temporarily prevented from coming to class for health reasons.Professor Xu Zhiyuan will substitute for her to instruct Listening English for two weeks.The first week, a movie will be given to practise the listening English, and the second week, there will be a class discussion.Professor Li Chaoshan will substitute for her to instruct Conversational English for three weeks.The last week is for the final examination.The topic of this week will be ―The Society and The Humanrights‖.You should collect some materials and prepare enough before the class.Please tell each other about the message and go to the class on time.Dean‘s Office
*―代課‖用substitute表示。substitute可用做名詞，例如his or her substitute。Substitute也可用做動(dòng)詞，有兩種表示法：to substitute B with A 或to substitute A for B.―上課‖，大學(xué)里一般用instruct。
例5
Directions:The Residents‘Committee needs to hold a meeting to discuss the security in the residential area.write a notice to tell the residents that:
1)why the meeting is necessary.2)The time and place of this security meeting
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
NOTICE
It is reported by several inhabitants from this residential area that some strangers with dirty clothes(one of them has a scar on the face)have lately haunted this area.Some stealings have happened from time to time.So the Residents‘Commitee decided to hold a meeting to talk about the problems concerning security in our residential area.The meeting will be held in Room 202 of Building No.4, the time is from 2 to 4 p.m.of May 12, 2004.It is very important that at least one member of each household is requested to attend.Please be punctual and don‘t forget to take the notebooks with you.The Residents‘ Committee
*―居民區(qū)‖用residential area或residential quarters來(lái)表示，―居委會(huì)‖有兩種譯法，一是the Residents‘Committee,另一個(gè)是the Neighborhood Committee,兩者皆可。
例6
Directions:You are the leader of the new Public Security Team, you should tell the residents about the security situation of the residential area.The details including:
1)the purpose of this new Public Security Team.2)How to contact with the team.You should write about 100 words
BULLETIN.Recently, there have been several burglaries in our residential quarters.A few of muggings have been reported by the inhabitants too.A public security team has been set up in order to maintain the order and security of this residential area.Everyone and each household are expected to be on guard.If you see some strangers haunting around this residential area at any time, please be very cautious and careful.Should there be any emergency or you may be in trouble, please call 64941101 or you can go to Room.1101.of Building No.9.to ask for help.Thank you for cooperating with the team.Public Security Team.*城市尤其是大城市人員流動(dòng)頻繁，犯罪率比較高，―撬門‖是burglary,―偷盜‖是theft,―攔路搶劫‖是mugging,―掏包‖是pickpocket,警衛(wèi)或保安人員，是security guards.Should there be any emergency,是一種虛擬證據(jù)，有―萬(wàn)一‖的含義。例如Should you be in trouble, please call 110.例7
Directions:You are a guard of the Guardroom Residential Area.You want to notice something to the inhabitants of this area.The followings should be clear:
1)What‘s the purpose of this notice?
2)What should the inhabitants do if the situation mentioned happens?
You should write about 100 words
NOTICE
It is reported from the inhabitants and residents in our residential area that a few persons came to house holds to sell gas from time to time.They pretended to be the workers of the Gas Company and entered into the inhabitants‘ home on the pretext of examination of the gasline.This kind of situations have happened several times.This activity is illegitimate and should be forbidden.The Gas Company didn‘t send anyone to check the gas or gasline lately.Should such people come again, please immediately contact the security guards.We will come over and interfere.The emergency number is 64492889.You can call at any time you need.Guardroom.Plesidential Area
*小區(qū)居民，是residents 或inhabitants。to pretend冒充,on the pretext of。
例8
Directions:Suppose you are one of the organizers of English evening.Write a notice about it, which should include sponsor ,time, place and the program.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
NOTICE
The afterclass Activities Group takes pleasure in announcing that under the auspices of the students‘ union of English Department, annual English evening is to be held in the students‘ activity center on Saturday, Aug, 23rd, at 7:00 p.m.The program includes songs, dances, recitations, storytelling, skits and plays which are played all by students.Admission tickets may be obtained on application to the afterclass Activites Group, Room 205, Office Building for free.It must be a good time to enjoy and relax yourselves.All are cordially welcome to give your encouragement to the players and cheer them.*take pleasure in doing sth.很高興做某事，under the auspices(復(fù)數(shù))of …由…舉辦，of后跟主辦、贊助的人或單位。
例9
Directions: You are a resident in Hong Kong and need a larger flat.Write a bulletin including following details:
1)your reason for the larger flat.2)your contact information
You should write no less than 100 words.Dear Sir/Madam，I am a permanent resident in Hong Kong and my present residence is Rm
點(diǎn)擊咨詢 