第一篇：研究生英語閱讀大觀部分文章稿——21.Religious Beliefs on Nature

21.Religious Beliefs on Nature Taoism and Sustainable DevelopmentThe modern thought of sustainable development has, actually, stemmed from people’s growing understanding of and their deep concern about environmental problems.In fact, a variety of views and ideas on sustainable development have also been embodied in the principles, doctrines and practices of Taoism.The Taoist idea of “cherishing human beings and treasuring life” does not, however, entail(把……給以)upon men the privilege to put themselves above nature.Instead, it requires mankind to live in harmony with nature, under the principle that man is an integral(組成的)part of nature.To grasp such a dialectical relationship is of crucial importance in today’s drive to achieve a sustainable development.Buddhism and Ecological EnvironmentBuddhist theory of “pratityasamutpāda” emphasize the importance of relations in different things and points out that there are no things which are isolated.The theory of “Connection Among Three Worlds” and other theories are the way for Buddhism to link up subject and object.The real intention of Dharma is to establish an equal circle of life between human beings living things and nonliving things.According to the Buddhist belief, the transformation of the external environment and the realization of an ideal environment are set up on the reform of the subjective world of man.The environmental crisis today is namely the result of human deviation from the Buddhist principle.The Buddhist Ecological Views and Practice The Buddhist ecological views are mainly embodied in its attitudes toward nature, life and ideal.The Buddhist ecological practices not only provide the Buddhists with the way of self-improvement and guide them toward their adaptation to the community and their service to the masses, but also demonstrate that the way to achieve global ecological protection depends on enhancing the people’s understanding and participation.Islamic Ecological Outlook and Its Modern SignificanceThe Islamic culture’s outlook of a harmonious ecology and ties brilliant success achieved through integration(結(jié)合)with other cultures and in the spirit of modern science will be revitalized(復(fù)活)to demonstrate important spiritual value in overcoming ecological crisis and facilitating sustainable development.And it will also contribute in encouraging people to create an ecologically harmonious world, featuring luxuriant(豐富的)forests crystal-clear lakes, paradise of chirping birds and gardens of fragrant(香的)flowers in the new century.The Contribution of Taoists to the Protection of Ecological EnvironmentThe age-old Chinese Taoism has been contributing to the development of human civilization, over the past two millenniums, through the development of its rich ideals, culture and religious legacy(遺產(chǎn)).Taoists of all ages have taken Nature as the fundamental theme of their faith and religious practice, and so have made active contribution to protecting the natural ecological environment.Carry Forward the Ideal of Taoism, Protect Ecological Environment and Benefit MankindAs an ecological crisis worsens around the world, more and more people have realized that the environment problem is not merely a result of over zealous(狂熱的)industrial and technological development, but is an issue closely related to people’s world outlook, values and knowledge system.We hold that only when the Taoist belief of “l(fā)etting things take their own nature course” takes root at the heart of all people and is earnestly practiced, can the world’s ecological crisis be thoroughly resolved and mankind’s eternal welfare be preserved.Love Nature, Respect LifeTaoism, an old-aged Chinese religion, views the mankind and nature as a harmonious unit, and that all matters on earth bear the character of truth and possesses the right and value to exist.It regards protection of the natural environment an essential part of its religious practice, and holds that the natural ecological valance must be preserved.It advocates(主張)that men should take the limit of endurance of the natural ecological environment into full consideration during economic development, and enhance people’s consciousness of the harmonious co-existence with nature.It also respects life, opposes war and killing and advocates peaceful co-existence of all races, ethnic nationalities and religions.

第二篇：研究生英語閱讀大觀部分文章稿19.What is Religion

19.What is Religion? No simple definition can describe the numerous religions in the world.For many people, religion is an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, practices, and worship that center on supreme God, or the Deity.For many others, religion involves a number of gods, or deities.Some people have a religion in which no specific God or gods are worshiped.There are also people who practice their own religious beliefs in their own personal way, largely independent of organized religion.But almost all people who follow some of religion believe that a divine([di'vain])power created the world and influences their lives.People practice religion for several reasons.Many people throughout the world follow a religion simple because it is part of the heritage of their culture, tribe, or family.Religion gives many people a feeling of security because they believe that a divine power watches over them.These people often ask the power for help or protection.Numerous people follow a religion because it promises them salvation and either happiness or the sense of individual fulfillment and gives meaning to life.In addition, religion provides answers to such questions as “what is the purpose of life? What is the final destiny of a person? What is the difference between the right and wrong? And what are one’s obligations to other people?” Finally, many people follow a religion to enjoy a sense of kinship with their fellow believers.There are thousands of religions in the world.The eight major ones are Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Shinto, and Taoism.Of these eight religions, Hinduism, Shinto, and Taoism developed over many countries.Each of the other religions traditionally bases its faith on the life or teachings of specific individuals.They are Prince Siddhartha Gautama, who became known as Gautama Buddha, for Buddhism;Jesus Christ for Christianity;Confucius for Confucianism;Muhammad for Islam;and Abraham and Moses for Judaism.The religions that trace their history to individuals follow a general pattern of development.During the individual’s lifetime or soon after his death, a distinctive system of worship ceremonies grew up around his life and teaching.This system, called a cult, became the basis of the religion.The heart of the cult is the individual’s teaching.In addition to inspiring worship, the individual represents an ideal way of life that followers try to imitate.The teachings of religions have shaped the lives of people since prehistoric times.Judaism, Islam, and especially Christianity([,kristi'?niti])have been major influences in the formation of Western culture.These three faiths, particularly Islam, have also played a crucial role in the development of Middle Eastern culture.The cultures of Asia have been shaped by Buddhism, Confucianism, Hinduism, Shinto, and Taoism.Religion has been a supreme source of inspiration in the arts.Some of the most beautiful buildings in the world are houses of worship.Much of the world’s greatest music is religious.Religious stories have provided countless subjects for painting, sculptures, literature, dances, and motion pictures.

第三篇：研究生英語閱讀大觀部分文章稿03.Your Speech is Changing-24

3.Your Speech is Changing If a contemporary Rip Van Winkle had slept for forty years and awakened today, he would have to go back to school before he could understand a daily newspaper or a magazine.He would never have heard of atomic bombs, baby sitters, flying saucers or contact lenses-nor of mambo, microfilms, nylons, or smog.Many new words have been added to the English language in the past forty years;and since Shakespeare’s time the number of words in the language has increased more than five times, from about 14,000 to somewhere between 700,000 and 800,000.Most of these new words have not come from borrowing, but from the nature growth of the language.The language has always changed, but the rate of the change has been uneven;minor changes have slowly accumulated in every generation, but there have been periods of rapid changes as well.The most important of these periods occurred during the two hundred and fifty years after 1066, the year the Normans conquered England.Before the conquest, the inhabitants in England spoke Anglo-Saxon, a complex Germanic language.The Normans were Norsemen who, after generation of raiding, had settled in northern France in the tenth century and by 1066 were speaking a form of French.After their conquest of England they instituted Norman French as the dominant language—the language of the upper class, of law, of government, and of such commerce as there was.Nevertheless, the masses went right on speaking Anglo-Saxon.By about three hundred years after the Norman conquest, Anglo-Saxon had re-established itself as the language of the upper class, as English, and had become a flexible, exact splendid, and moving instrument of expression.Norman French, meanwhile, had become something comic, spoken by the villain in the old mystery plays just for a laugh.The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, during which printing became established, saw the stabilization of spelling and, more important, the establishment of colonies in America.Immediately, the language of the New Word and that of the Old World began to draw apart.In writing, too, a change has taken place.The use of the colloquial in American writing is increasing rather than diminishing.The increasing use of the colloquial in our writing is an interesting change that is bound to have far-reaching consequences.The enormous of enlargement of our vocabulary, the increasing use in our writing of the spoken idiom, and changes in our pronunciation are not the only changes that are taking place, however.There have also been significant grammatical alterations in our language.Such changes take place only by generations or decades at the fastest, so they pass unnoticed by all but grammarians;yet even the layman can perceive them when he is told that something that seems “quite all right” to him was regarded as erroneous only a few years ago.Nobody knows why all these changes are been made, perhaps we are in the process of reducing our verbs to a few basic words.If this is so, it may mark a change as significant as that which took place after the Norman conquests.Whatever the reasons for the changes that are taking place, the vocabulary will probably continue to expand, because the expansion of our knowledge and experience requires the invention of new words or the adaptation of old ones.Meaning will depend more and more upon word order and context, spelling will become simpler, with fewer common variants.Pronunciation, because of the great mobility of our population and the spread of radio and television, will tend to become more uniform.

第四篇：研究生英語下課后翻譯部分

以下內(nèi)容為筆者整理的書后translation部分的書上例子和習(xí)題，如有錯(cuò)誤請批評指正。Unit1 舉例：

1.I had so worked upon my imagination as really to believe that about the whole mansion and domain there hung an atmosphere peculiar to themselves and their immediate vicinity— an atmosphere which had no affinity with the air of heaven, but which had reeked up from the decayed trees, and the grey wall, and the silent tarn—a pestilent and mystic vapor, dull, sluggish, faintly discernible, and leaden-hued.(Edgar Allan Poe: “The Fall of the House of Usher”)

譯文： 我如此沉湎于自己的想象，以至于我實(shí)實(shí)在在地認(rèn)為那宅院及其周圍懸浮著一種它們所特有的空氣。那種空氣并非生發(fā)于天地自然，而是生發(fā)于那些枯樹殘枝、灰墻暗壁，生發(fā)于那一汪死氣沉沉的湖水。那是一種神秘而致命的霧靄，陰晦，凝滯，朦朧，沉濁如鉛。2.She had a very thin face like the dial of a small clock seen faintly in a dark room in the middle of a night when you waken to see the time and see the clock telling you the hour and the minute and the second, with a white silence and a glowing, all certainty and knowing what it has to tell of the night passing swiftly on toward further darkness but moving also toward a new sun.(Ray Douglas Bradbury: Fahrenheit 451)譯文：（她的）容貌那么清秀，就像半夜里醒來時(shí)在黑暗中隱約可見的小小的鐘面，報(bào)告時(shí)刻的鐘面。它皎潔而安靜，深知時(shí)間在飛馳，深信黑暗雖然越來越深沉，卻也越來越接近新生的太陽。練習(xí)：

1.I’ve been spared a lot, one of the blessed of the earth, at least one of its lucky, that privileged handful of the dramatically prospering, the sort whose secrets are asked, like the hundred-year-old man.譯文：我一直活得無憂無慮，深得上帝垂愛，至少算個(gè)幸運(yùn)兒，少數(shù)人才享有的尊榮富貴，我垂手得之。就像百歲人瑞總有人討教，我的秘訣也總有人探詢。

2.And so Franklin Roosevelt found that he had, in effect, to recruit an entirely new and temporary government to be piled on top of the old one, the new government to get the tanks and airplanes built, the uniforms made, the men and women assembled and trained and shipped abroad, and the battles fought and won.譯文：富蘭克林· 羅斯福因此意識到他必須招募新班人馬，組建臨時(shí)機(jī)構(gòu)來補(bǔ)強(qiáng)不能勝任的舊政府。新成立的政府機(jī)構(gòu)專門負(fù)責(zé)建造坦克飛機(jī)，定制軍服，招募培訓(xùn)戰(zhàn)士。這些戰(zhàn)士將被派往前線，去贏得一場場的戰(zhàn)爭。unit2 舉例：

1.It is well known that animals cannot be maintained in good health on diets which will supply the necessary calories together with protein, fat and mineral requirements, if certain accessory food factors, the vitamins, are absent from the diet.譯文：動(dòng)物的食物缺乏維生素這類附加成分時(shí)，即使還有蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪和無機(jī)物，而且能供給必需的熱量，也不能保持動(dòng)物的健康，這是人所熟知的事實(shí)。

2.I was on my way home from tramping about the street, my drawings under my arm, when I found myself in front of the Mathews Gallery.譯文：我挾著書稿在街上兜了一圈，回家的路上無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)自己逛到馬太書廊的門口。3.The idea that she had that helpless and gentle creature to protect, gave additional strength to the natural courage of the honest Irishman.(W.M.Thackeray: Vanity Fair)譯文：這厚道的愛爾蘭女人本來有膽量；她一想起這個(gè)無能的、溫柔的小東西需要她來保護(hù)，越發(fā)添了勇氣。練習(xí)：

1.Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higherpay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.譯文：許多人寧愿犧牲比較高的工資以換取成為白領(lǐng)工人的社會地位，這在西方倒是人之常情。

2.Cosmopolitan Shanghai was born to the world in 1842 when the British man-of-war Nemesis, slipping unnoticed into the mouth of the Yangtze River, reduced the Wusong Fort and took the city without a fight.譯文：1842 年英國戰(zhàn)艦?zāi)崦孜魉固柷那臐撊腴L江口，擊毀吳淞炮臺，不費(fèi)一槍一卒占據(jù)了上海，國際化的上海就此誕生了。

3.A study of the letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it.譯文：研究了一下那封信，我們毫不懷疑該信是別有用心的。

4.The happiness—the superior advantages of the young women round about her, gave Rebecca inexpressible pangs of envy.譯文：麗貝卡看見她周圍的小姐那么有福氣，享受種種優(yōu)越的權(quán)利，真是說不出的妒忌。5.Poor Joe’s panic lasted for two or three days;during which he did not visit the house.譯文：喬繼續(xù)恐慌了兩三天；其間這可憐蟲都不肯回家。unit3 舉例：

1.The meeting was not held due to the airline strike.It was held to discuss the impact an aging society would have on our environment.譯文：不是因?yàn)楹娇展玖T工才舉行會議的。召開這個(gè)會議是為了討論老齡化社會對環(huán)境造成的影響。

2.There was nothing to do in Loma in the evening except to go to the saloon, an old board building with swinging doors and a wooden side walk awning.Neither prohibition nor repeal had changed its business, its clientele, or the quality of its whisky.In the course of an evening every male inhabitant of Loma over fifteen years old came at least once to the Buffalo Bar, had a drink, talked a while and went home.There would be a game of the mildest kind of poker going on.Timothy Ratz, the husband of my landlady, would be playing solitaire, cheating pretty badly because he took a drink only when he got it out.I’ve seen him get out five minutes in a row.When he won he piled the cards neatly, stood up and walked with great dignity to the bar.Fat Carl, the owner and bartender, with a glass half filled before he arrived, asked, “What’ll it be?”

“Whisky,” said Timothy gravely.譯文：在洛曼小鎮(zhèn)，晚飯后除了去鎮(zhèn)上唯一的那家酒館便無事可做。酒館是一座老式的木制建筑，有一扇轉(zhuǎn)門，門前人行道上方有一塊木制雨篷。無論是政府的禁酒令還是后來廢除禁酒令的法令都未曾改變過它生意的興隆、顧客的數(shù)量，也未曾改變過它威士忌的質(zhì)量。每天晚飯后，鎮(zhèn)上十五歲以上的男子至少要光顧布法羅酒館一次，喝杯酒，聊聊天，然后回家。

酒館里常有人玩撲克牌，不過其輸贏聊勝于無。我那位房東太太的丈夫蒂莫西?羅茲就經(jīng)常在那里玩單人紙牌游戲。他玩牌老愛作弊，因?yàn)樗辉谮A牌時(shí)才買上一杯酒喝。我曾見過他一口氣連贏五盤。贏牌后他便把紙牌整整齊齊地疊好，然后直起身，神氣十足地走向吧臺。酒館老板兼伙計(jì)胖子卡爾不等他走近吧臺便會端起已斟了半杯酒的酒杯問：“來杯什么酒？”

“威士忌?！钡倌骺偸乔f重地回答。練習(xí)：

1.I am a journalist, not a historian, and while this book is an effort to describe a moment in the past, it is less a work of history than of personal reminiscence and reflection.Essentially, it is an account of my own observations and experiences in wartime Washington, supplemented by material drawn from interviews and other sources.I have tried to create out of it all a portrait of the pain and struggle of a city and a government suddenly called upon to fight, and to lead other nations in fighting, the greatest war in history, but pathetically and sometimes hilariously unprepared to do so.譯文：我是新聞工作者，不是歷史學(xué)家，所以本書描寫的雖然是過往歲月中的一刻，卻稱不上是一部史學(xué)著作，而僅是個(gè)人的追思。書中所寫的主要是戰(zhàn)爭期間我本人在華盛頓的觀察和經(jīng)歷，輔以采訪等材料。我試圖刻畫一個(gè)城市和一個(gè)政府的痛苦與掙扎，這個(gè)城市和政府突然被要求參加戰(zhàn)爭，還要在戰(zhàn)爭中領(lǐng)導(dǎo)別的國家，參與的又是有史以來最偉大的戰(zhàn)爭，實(shí)在是有些措手不及，因此表現(xiàn)得很糟糕，有時(shí)甚至很可笑。

2.This is bound to be somewhere close to the last reporting from that period based on firsthand sources.One after another, with unsettling rapidity, those in positions of power and responsibility during World War II are passing from the scene.Several who agreed to recall and describe their experiences in the war years died before I could get to them.譯文：這幾乎肯定是以第一手資料寫成的、有關(guān)那個(gè)時(shí)期的最后一場報(bào)道。二戰(zhàn)中位高權(quán)重的人物一個(gè)接一個(gè)很快去世，實(shí)在令人不安。有幾位原本已經(jīng)答應(yīng)回憶并講述一下他們在二戰(zhàn)中的經(jīng)歷，可我還沒來得及拜訪，他們就離開了人世。

3.I have not dealt here in any detail with the grand strategy of the war in Europe and the Pacific.Instead, I have tried to report mainly on what I saw and heard and learned in Washington during years now fading into a misty past, the wartime experience of a country two-thirds of whose people are now too young to remember any of it.The result is a sort of Our Town at war, the story of a city astonished and often confused to find itself at the center of a worldwide conflict without ever hearing a shot fired.A strange city, set up in the first place to be the center of government and, like government itself at that time, a city moving slowly and doing little.譯文：我在本書中沒有對歐洲及太平洋戰(zhàn)區(qū)中的宏大戰(zhàn)略做詳盡的描述。相反，我主要報(bào)道了那些年我在華盛頓的所見所聞。這些往事已經(jīng)在人們的記憶中變得越來越模糊，對于那場戰(zhàn)爭，這個(gè)國家中有三分之二的人都太年輕，對它并無記憶。結(jié)果，本書描寫的就是一個(gè)以戰(zhàn)爭為背景的“我們的小鎮(zhèn)”，講的是一個(gè)城市在根本沒有聽到一聲槍響的情況下，就卷入了一場全球性沖突，因而變得很驚愕，常常也很困惑。這是一個(gè)不同尋常的城市，設(shè)立時(shí)主要是想將它建成政府的中心，因此這個(gè)城市便和當(dāng)時(shí)的政府一樣，行動(dòng)十分緩慢，所做相當(dāng)有限。

unit4【縮譯法】 舉例：

1.Darkness came down on the field and the city: And Amelia was praying for George, who was lying on his face, dead, with a bullet through his heart.譯文：夜色四罩，城中之妻祈天保夫無恙，戰(zhàn)場上其夫撲臥，一彈穿心，死矣。

2.He seated himself close to her;he gazed at her in silence, or told her stories of the days gone by, of her childhood and of the convert.譯文：他坐在她身旁，靜靜地望著她，或者和她談?wù)勍?，她的童年和她在修道院的情景?.The liquid water is heated so that it becomes steam.譯文：液態(tài)水受熱而變成蒸汽。

4.No one has told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus so that the first person who arrives at a bus stop is the first person to get on the bus.譯文：誰也沒有跟他們說過，英國人有排隊(duì)候車、先到先上的習(xí)慣。5.Two men occupied the same hospital room.They were both seriously ill.譯文：兩位重病患者住在同一間病房里。

6.Her experiment got nowhere.There is no sign of progress since.譯文：但是，她的實(shí)驗(yàn)已陷入僵局，并且至今也沒取得任何進(jìn)展。練習(xí)：

1.In the course of the same for war, a serious epidemic broke out.譯文：在戰(zhàn)爭的同一時(shí)期里，一場嚴(yán)重的傳染病爆發(fā)。

2.A receptor is shaped in such a way that it can receive only a certain messenger.譯文：受體的構(gòu)造形狀使得它只能接受某一類型的信使。

3.The structure of the steel and the resulting properties will depend on how hot the steel gets and how quickly or slowly it is cooled.譯文：鋼的結(jié)構(gòu)和性質(zhì)，視其加熱成度和冷卻快慢而定。4.Take care of pence, and the pound will take care of themselves.譯文：積少成多或集腋成裘。unit 5【拆譯法】

1.He shall be glad of your company on journey.譯文：如果你能陪他一塊兒去，他會很高興的。

2.She had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and she was all for the racy phrases.譯文：她感到習(xí)語是語言的支柱，因此特別主張用生動(dòng)的短語，她的想法是完全正確的。3.“But we have a lot of small, very disruptive day-in and day-out problems on the factory floor,” one industrialist said.譯文：一位實(shí)業(yè)家說：“在工廠辦公樓里，我們面臨許多很小但破壞性卻很大的問題，它們?nèi)諒?fù)一日，無休無止地發(fā)生?！?/p>

4.Thunderstorm in spring and summer often come with intensity great enough to cause flash-flooding.譯文：春夏兩季，雷雨交加，猛烈異常，往往會導(dǎo)致暴雨成災(zāi)。

5.In the course of decay of the vegetable and animal matter in the soil, various acids and gases are formed which help to decompose the rock particles and other compounds needed for the plant foods.譯文：動(dòng)植物在泥土里腐爛的過程中，形成各種酸和氣體。這些酸和氣體有助于分解巖石粒和其他化合物，以供植物作養(yǎng)料。

6.Considerable attention has been focused on the dilemma presented by the patient with chest pain who, on angiographic study, has normal coronary arteries and no other objective evidence of heart disease.譯文：有一種胸痛病人，其冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查正常，又無心臟病的其他客觀特征，其診斷上的困難引起了人們的極大重視。

7.This development is in part a result of experimental studies indicating that favorable alterations in the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption may reduce ischemic injury and that reduction after load may be associated with improved cardiac performance.譯文：從某種程度上講，這方面的進(jìn)展是實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的結(jié)果。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，有效改善心肌耗氧量的決定因素可減輕局部損害，并且負(fù)荷的減輕也能改善心肌功能。

8.Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men’s bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them?

譯文：例如：炮兵利用科學(xué)毀壞人體，而就在附近，外科醫(yī)生用科學(xué)搶救被炮兵毀壞的人體，還有什么情景比這更怪誕可怕的嗎？ 練習(xí)：

1.They vainly tried to find out the stranger’s name.他們想查出那陌生人的姓名，卻徒勞無功。

2.The infinitesimal amount of nuclear fuel required makes it possible to build power reactors in that mountainous area.動(dòng)力反應(yīng)堆所需要的核燃料極少，因此可以把它建在那個(gè)山區(qū)。

3.It all began in the mid-1850s, when Lowe’s experiments with balloons led him to believe in the existence of an upper stream of air that moved in an easterly direction, no matter what direction the lower currents flowed.譯文：這一切都始于19世紀(jì)50年代中葉，當(dāng)時(shí)羅威的氣球?qū)嶒?yàn)使他相信上升氣流的存在。不管下層的氣流向什么方向流動(dòng)，這種上升氣流總是向東流動(dòng)。

4.More puzzling is the remarkable increase in occurrence of this disease which has happened since World War II in a number of western countries where standards of hygiene were continuously improving.譯文：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來，一些西方國家的衛(wèi)生條件在不斷地改善，但在這些國家中，此病的發(fā)生率也明顯增加。這一點(diǎn)頗令人費(fèi)解。unit6【摘譯】 舉例：

1.Apple expects to have a fix this month for a vulnerability in the IPHONE that could allow an attacker to gain control of the device remotely via SMS, according to CNET.NET.com.據(jù)美國CNET科技資訊網(wǎng)報(bào)道，蘋果公司預(yù)計(jì)將于本月修復(fù)IPHONE中存在的一個(gè)安全漏洞，這一漏洞使得黑客能夠通過收發(fā)短信遙控手機(jī)。

An attacker could exploit a weakness in the way IPHONE handle SMS messages to do things likes use GPS to track the phone's location, turn on the microphone for eavesdropping, or take control of the device and add it to botnet, Charlie Miller, co-author of the Mac Hacker's Handbook and principal security analyst at Independent Security Evaluator, said in a presentation at the SyScan conference in Singapore.The presentation was covered by IDG News Service.獨(dú)立安全評估公司的首席安全分析師查理·米勒，同時(shí)也是蘋果黑客手冊的合著者，在新加坡硅感技術(shù)會議上聲稱，黑客能夠利用IPHONE處理短信服務(wù)中的漏洞，采用全球定位系統(tǒng)來跟蹤IPHONE的位置，打開手機(jī)話筒竊取用戶通話，或者控制手機(jī)，把手機(jī)變成“僵尸網(wǎng)絡(luò)”的一員。該發(fā)言由IDG新聞服務(wù)報(bào)道。

Miller said that under an agreement with Apple, he was barred from providing too much detail on the vulnerability.He plans to give more detailed presentation on the hole at the Black Hat conference in Las Vegas at the end of the month.米勒說,根據(jù)與蘋果公司的協(xié)議,他被禁止提供太多的細(xì)節(jié)的漏洞。他計(jì)劃于本月底在拉斯維加斯舉行的黑帽會議上給出對這個(gè)漏洞的更詳細(xì)說明。

Despite the SMS hole, the IPHONE is more secure than OS X on computers, Miller said.That is because the IPHONE doesn't support Adobe Flash and Java, only runs software digitally signed by Apple, includes hardware protection for data stored in memory, and runs applications in a sandbox, he said.米勒指出盡管存在這一短信服務(wù)漏洞，不過相對于電腦上的OS X系統(tǒng)，IPONE還是比較安全的。他說，這是因?yàn)镮PHONE不支持Adobe Flash和Java，只能運(yùn)行蘋果數(shù)字簽名的軟件，包括對內(nèi)存中存儲數(shù)據(jù)的保護(hù)硬件,和在沙箱中運(yùn)行的應(yīng)用程序。

Apple representatives did not immediately respond to an email request for comment.蘋果代表沒有立即回復(fù)電子郵件評論。

2.A 36 years-old Swiss amateur parachutist made a successful 650-metre drop using a replica of a parachute designed more than 500 years ago by Leonardo da Vinci.“I came down ? smack in the middle of the tarmac at Payerne military airport,” said Olivier Vietti-Teppa.“A perfect jump.” Vietti-Teppa is the first person to have made it safely to the ground with the Leonardo model.In 2000, Britain's Adrian Nicholas tried it but had to pull the ripcord on a modern backup parachute to complete his descent safely.瑞士一名36歲的跳傘愛好者成功地從650的高空降落，而他用的降落傘是500多年前的萊昂納多·達(dá)·芬奇設(shè)計(jì)的降落傘的復(fù)制品?！拔医德淞??手掌擊在佩也那軍用機(jī)場的停機(jī)坪上，”奧利弗 維耶提—帕特說道，“完美的一跳。” 維耶提—帕特是第一個(gè)用達(dá)·芬奇設(shè)計(jì)的這款降落傘安全降落到地面的人。在2000年，英國的尼古拉斯·阿德里安曾嘗試但不得不打開備用的現(xiàn)代傘而完成安全降落。

Vietti-Teppa jumped from a hovering helicopter and the Leonardo parachute opened at 600 meters, he reported.The parachute he used was made using modern fabric along lines designed by the Renaissance genius.The specifications were found in a text dating from 1485.The parachute consists of four equilateral triangles, seven meters on each side, made of parachute fabric, Vietti-Teppa explained.The base of the pyramid is a square of mosquito net, which enables the parachute to open.A wooden frame originally conceived by da Vinci was not used on the model in action on Saturday.One drawback: it is impossible to maneuver or steer the Leonardo parachute.“You come down at the whim of the wind,” said Vietti-Teppa, who carried out advance tests using a scale dummy model launched from a remote-controlled model helicopter.維耶蒂-特帕說他從一架盤旋的直升機(jī)上跳下在600米處打開了達(dá)芬奇降落傘。降落傘是由現(xiàn)代的材質(zhì)制造的但是其設(shè)計(jì)來自于文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的天才。其制作說明來自于1485年的一份資料。維耶蒂-特帕解釋說:”這個(gè)降落傘由4個(gè)邊長為7米的等邊三角形組成，材質(zhì)為降落傘綢?！苯鹱炙撞渴且粔K正方形的蚊帳，它可以幫助撐開降落傘。周六所使用的降落傘并沒有使用達(dá)芬奇之前設(shè)計(jì)的木質(zhì)框架。這種降落傘的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是你不可能控制其方向。維耶蒂-特帕說：“當(dāng)你跳下來后就只能隨風(fēng)飄了?！彼笆褂眠b控直升機(jī)對比例模型進(jìn)行過試驗(yàn)。練習(xí)：

Prime Minister Gordon Brown of Britain disclosed Saturday that an eye examination showed two tears in his right retina—a revelation that could embolden critics who want him to step down before a national election.Downing Street moved quickly to quash speculation over Brown's health, issuing the statement only one day after a regular examination at a London eye hospital.Brown's office said his eyesight remained unchanged and that no operations were planned to address the situation.“Were there to be any change, he would of course make a further statement,” Brown’s office said in a statement.Brown, who lost the use of his left eye in a sporting accident when he was a teenager and had surgery to save the sight in the other one, has been dogged by questions about his eyesight in recent months.During a visit to the United States for the Group of 20 summit, he was forced to deny that he was slowly going blind.NBC Nightly News anchor Brian Williams had questioned Brown over reports that he was using larger and larger text sizes as his remaining vision declined.”I had all sorts of operations,” Brown said during the September interview.“ I then had one operation on the other eye and that was very successful, so my sight is not at all deteriorating,” he said.The same month he told the BBC that “it would be a terrible, terrible indictment of our political system if you thought that because someone had this medical issue they couldn’t do their job.” The September comments came as former Home Secretary Charles Clarke told the London Evening Standard newspaper that he hoped rumors Brown would quit—perhaps on health grounds—would come true.Brown must call a general election by June 2010.Recent polls overwhelmingly suggest that the opposition Conservative Party will win after 13 years out of power.British prime ministers rarely disclose details about their health unless they need to take time off work as in 2004, when Brown’s predecessor Tony Blair had a surgical procedure to correct an irregular heartbeat.Som Prasad, a consultant ophthalmologist at Arrowe Park Hospital in northwest England, said retinal tears affect 3% of people over 40 in Britain, and only occasionally cause serious problems.摘譯：英國首相辦公室周六發(fā)表聲明說，首相戈登，布朗在接受眼睛檢查時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)右眼視網(wǎng)膜上有兩處裂縫，據(jù)悉，反對派可能以此為由要求布朗在大選前提前下臺，但布朗辦公室說，這次視網(wǎng)膜破裂不影響布朗視力，目前也沒有動(dòng)手術(shù)的打算，布朗年輕時(shí)參加體育活動(dòng)受傷，左眼失明，但通過手術(shù)保住了右眼視力。全文翻譯：

英國首相辦公室周六發(fā)表聲明說，首相戈登，布朗在接受眼睛檢查時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)右眼視網(wǎng)膜上有兩處裂縫，據(jù)悉，反對派可能以此為由要求布朗在大選前提前下臺。唐寧街迅速平息有關(guān)布朗的健康炒作，僅在倫敦眼科醫(yī)院定期檢查的一天后發(fā)布聲明。布朗辦公室說，這次視網(wǎng)膜破裂不影響布朗視力，目前也沒有動(dòng)手術(shù)的打算，布朗年輕時(shí)參加體育活動(dòng)受傷，左眼失明，但通過手術(shù)保住了右眼視力。布朗辦公室聲明表示：“如有任何變化，他當(dāng)會做出進(jìn)一步的聲明?！?/p>

青少年時(shí)因體育事故失去左眼而動(dòng)手術(shù)保全另一眼睛視力的布朗近幾個(gè)月來被視力問題所困擾。

在訪問美國的20國集團(tuán)峰會期間，他被迫否認(rèn)慢慢地失明。

NBC晚間新聞主播布瑞恩威廉姆斯提出質(zhì)疑，剩存視力下降使得布朗的報(bào)告使用是大字體 布朗九月的采訪中說道：“我做了多種手術(shù)?！彼f：“然后我還在另一只眼睛動(dòng)了手術(shù)，手術(shù)非常成功，所以我的視力根本沒有惡化。同月，布朗告訴英國廣播公司，“如果你認(rèn)為有人因?yàn)檫@樣的醫(yī)療問題而他們不能做他們的工作，這將是對政治系統(tǒng)的可怕的控訴。九月，倫敦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)晚報(bào)刊登前內(nèi)政大臣查爾斯克拉克的意見，他希望關(guān)于布朗可能因健康背景而將要退出的謠言將成真。布朗必須在2010六月召開大選。最近的民意調(diào)查都顯示了反對黨將失去權(quán)利的13年后贏得大選。

除非他們需要休息一段時(shí)間，例如2004，布朗的前任托尼布萊爾需要糾正心律不齊外科手術(shù)，否則英國首相很少披露有關(guān)他們自己的健康細(xì)節(jié)。英國西北部的Arrowe公園醫(yī)院眼科顧問山姆·帕薩迪說，視網(wǎng)膜裂孔影響3% 的40歲以上的英國人，偶爾會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的問題。uint7【新聞】（不重要）練習(xí)：

1,S Korea set emissions-cut target.2,Firm vie for bigger share of car market.3,Spanish PM: Somali pirates free fishermen.4,China receives 94m overseas tourists in Jan-sept, down 3.45%.5,US, Russian leaders say nations closer to deal to cut nuclear arms.6,South African runner Caster Semenya will be allow to keep the gold medal she won in the women's 800-meters at the World Athletics Championships in Berlin, Germany, in August, the country's sports ministry announced Thursdays.7,After complaining of feeling badly for days, Nicole Richie was hospitalized for pneumonia at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles and was “doing well”, her rep said Wednesday.1，韓國制定目標(biāo)，減少尾氣排放。2，汽車公司爭奪更大的市場份額。

3，西班牙首相說：索馬里海盜釋放了漁民。

4，中國前三季度接待外國游客9，400萬人，比去年同期下降3.45%。5，美俄領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人說兩國將達(dá)成協(xié)議，減少核武器。

6，周四，南非體育部宣布，今年8月德國柏林世界田徑錦標(biāo)賽女子800米比賽中獲得金牌的南非選手拉斯特爾·賽門亞將繼續(xù)持有該項(xiàng)目金牌。

7，周三，妮可·里奇的發(fā)言人說，妮可里奇因持續(xù)數(shù)日感覺不適，診斷出患有肺炎，被送往洛杉磯西達(dá)斯-西奈醫(yī)學(xué)中心進(jìn)行治療，據(jù)悉，其情況良好并無大礙。unit8【科技】(沒講)練習(xí)：

1.The heart is about the size of a fist, weighs about 9-11 ounces and is placed snugly between the lungs, a little more to the left than to the right.2.The successful launching of China’s first experimental communication satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since, indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics.3.Since the joint gap between a piston and a cylinder has great influence on the service life of an engine, and the primary factor influencing the joint gap is the deformation of piston under working condition, it is important to show up the actual deformation of piston and for this purpose the finite element has been widely applied to analyze it numerically in China.1.心臟約有一只拳頭那么大，重約9到11盎司，位于兩肺之間，略偏于左方。

2.中國已成功發(fā)射了第一顆試驗(yàn)衛(wèi)星。這顆衛(wèi)星是由三級火箭推動(dòng)的，一直運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常。它標(biāo)志著我國在發(fā)展運(yùn)載工具和電子技術(shù)方面進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新階段。

3.活塞與氣缸的配合間隙，對于電動(dòng)機(jī)的使用壽命有很大影響，影響配合間隙的主要因素是活塞在工作狀態(tài)下的變形。真實(shí)反映活塞變形情況非常重要，國內(nèi)已廣泛采用有限元法進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。unit9【商務(wù)】（沒講）練習(xí)：

1.In case the buyer fail to carry out any of the terms or conditions to this Contract with the Seller, the Seller shall have the right to terminate all or any part of this Contract with the Buyer or postpone shipment or stop any goods in transit and the Buyer shall in every such case be liable to the Seller for all losses, damages and expenses thereby incurred.倘若買方未能履行與賣方所訂合同的任何條款，賣方有權(quán)中止與買方的全部或部分合同，或延期交貨，或截留運(yùn)輸中貨物。在任何一種情況下，買方必須負(fù)責(zé)賠償賣方由此發(fā)生的損失、損壞或相應(yīng)的費(fèi)用。

2.The Contractor shall notify the insurers of changes in the nature, extent or program for the execution of the Works and ensure the adequacy of the insurance at all times in accordance with the terms of the Contract and shall, when required, produce to the Employer the insurance policies in force and receipts for payment of the current premiums.承包人應(yīng)該把工程施工的性質(zhì)、范圍或計(jì)劃進(jìn)度方面的變化情況通知承保人，并保證按合同條款在整個(gè)期間內(nèi)有完備的保險(xiǎn)，并在需要時(shí)，向業(yè)主出示生效保險(xiǎn)單及本期保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的支付收據(jù)。

unit10【廣告】（不重要）1.Start ahead.（飄柔）

2.Every time a good time.(麥當(dāng)勞）3.Everyone’s invited.(三星數(shù)碼）4.The world’s local bank.(匯豐銀行）

5.Time is what you make of it.（斯沃奇手表）1.成功之路，從頭開始。

2.更多歡笑，更多快樂，就在麥當(dāng)勞。3.三星數(shù)字世界歡迎你。4.環(huán)球理財(cái)，當(dāng)?shù)刂腔邸?.天長地久。

第五篇：教育英語文獻(xiàn)選讀部分文章翻譯

一、Y: 楊銳中央電視臺英語頻道“對話”節(jié)目主持人

H: 何其莘教授北京外國語大學(xué)副校長

D: Donald Holder 北大附中外籍教師

Y: What do Eastern and Western family education share in shaping a child's mind and character? Y:東方和西方家庭教育分享在塑造孩子的人的心靈和品格? H: Parental guidance is probably the first thing.Both the east and west emphasize the quality of family life.Usually parents are the first teachers for a child.A child very often imitates the parents and he is likely to regard whatever the parents do as positive.H:父母的指導(dǎo)可能是第一件事。東方和西方都強(qiáng)調(diào)家庭生活的質(zhì)量。通常父母為孩子的第一任老師。一個(gè)孩子經(jīng)常模仿父母和他可能認(rèn)為不管父母做積極的。

D: I agree with Prof.He.It seems that in both families whether it's east or west, the child is the center and becomes the focus of the parents' hopes and dreams.And on both sides we also have this idea of putting pressure on the child.Especially in China, that pressure becomes even more apparent.Americans...sometimes it's a little more subtle in this side.But both sides share that a child is

醫(yī)生:我同意教授他。看來在這兩個(gè)家庭無論是東方還是西方,孩子是中心,成為關(guān)注的父母的希望和夢想。和在雙方我們也有這個(gè)想法的孩子施壓。尤其是在中國,這種壓力變得更加明顯。美國人?有時(shí)候這是一個(gè)小更微妙的在這一邊。但雙方分享這一個(gè)孩子

what carries the family to next generation and is the base for the improvement of a family.什么攜帶家人下一代的基礎(chǔ),是提高一個(gè)家庭。

Y: Parents sometimes have moments of embarrassment with their children, for example, what do you think is the most reasonable way of answering children's questions such as how they were born and why their parents sleep together while putting them in their own rooms?

Y:父母有時(shí)有尷尬的時(shí)刻與他們的孩子,例如,你認(rèn)為什么是最合理的方式回答孩子的問題,比如他們?nèi)绾纬錾蜑槭裁此麄兊母改杆谝黄鸲顾麄冊谒麄冏约旱姆块g嗎? D: In America because we have so many different religions and cultures that at present everybody has their own taboos and about what to do.Every family and culture has its own definition of “sexual morality”.Some parents are very frank, they'll tell the child from a very early age when they start questioning about sex.D:在美國,因?yàn)槲覀冇羞@么多不同的宗教和文化,目前每個(gè)人都有他們自己的禁忌和對要做什么。每個(gè)家庭和文化都有自己的定義“性道德”。一些父母非常坦率,他們會告訴孩子們從很小的時(shí)候當(dāng)他們開始詢問關(guān)于性。

Y: How is sex education conducted in a typical American school?

Y:性教育進(jìn)行了在一個(gè)典型的美國學(xué)校嗎? D: In primary school education we leave the parents to handle that.By the time of junior high school when their bodies are changing, they have the health classes or PE classes1.You have the boys and girls over and they are going to talk about the physical changes.And by the time they go to high school, they have a health class, which talks about sex, sexual problems and diseases.D:在小學(xué)教育我們離開父母來處理這樣的。到初中當(dāng)他們的身體正在改變,他們有健康類或PE classes1。你有男孩和女孩在和他們要談的是物理變化。和當(dāng)他們?nèi)ジ咧?他們有一個(gè)健康類,它談?wù)撔浴⑿詥栴}和疾病。

Y: As a parent and teacher of English, did you ever talk to your child or students explicitly about sex? Y:作為家長和老師的英語,你有沒有跟你的孩子或者學(xué)生明確的關(guān)于性? H: Well, sex is a more sensitive topic in China especially in families and schools.In most families,sex is regarded as a rigid taboo so teachers would avoid talking about it and parents would not talk about sex at home either.If I were asked by a little boy of five or four why Mom and Dad sleep together I would probably say Mom and Dad love each other and we need talk when you get into bed, something like that.H:嗯,性是一個(gè)更加敏感的話題在中國尤其在家庭和學(xué)校。在大多數(shù)家庭,性被視為剛性禁忌,教師會避免談?wù)撍透改覆粫務(wù)撔栽诩依镆病Ｈ绻覇栆粋€(gè)小男孩的五個(gè)或四個(gè)為什么媽媽和爸爸一起睡,我大概會說媽媽和爸爸愛彼此,我們需要談話當(dāng)你上床,這樣的東西。Y: Okay, let's say, if the parents know clearly that sex will inevitably happen between their sons and their girlfriends when they go camping during the summer holiday, what do American parents usually do in this case?

Y:好吧,讓我們說,如果父母很清楚,性將不可避免地發(fā)生在他們的兒子和他們的女朋友當(dāng)他們?nèi)ヂ稜I暑假期間,美國的父母通常在這種情況下嗎? D: Well, this is back to parental education.The parents are resigning themselves sometimes to the fact that their teenager children in high school might have sex with his or her girlfriend or bo yfriend.We can't stop this from happening, but can teach them to be careful and responsible.維:嗯,這是回到父母的教育。父母都是辭職自己有時(shí)這樣的事實(shí),即他們在高中少年兒童可能性與他或她的女朋友或bo yfriend。我們不能阻止這種情況的發(fā)生,但是可以教導(dǎo)他們要謹(jǐn)慎和負(fù)責(zé)任的。

Y: Prof.He, you have said that another main difference between Eastern and Western education is that the Asian teaching method is much more test-oriented.A student's future may be determined by the result of one test after he or she graduated from high school.So are you questioning the current national entrance exam2 for entering universities?

Y:教授,你曾經(jīng)說過,他的另一個(gè)主要區(qū)別東方和西方的教育是,亞洲教學(xué)方法更以考試為目的。一個(gè)學(xué)生的未來也可能取決于一個(gè)試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果后,他或她從高中畢業(yè)。所以你要質(zhì)疑當(dāng)前高考進(jìn)入大學(xué)exam2嗎? H: This is what's in my mind.I understand the difficulty of conducting national entrance exams more than once in such a large country like China, but I think we probably should learn from our American colleagues, especially in their SAT3 system, to provide more chances for children to take part in the exams.H:這是什么在我的頭腦。我理解的困難進(jìn)行不止一次的國家入學(xué)考試在這樣一個(gè)幅員遼闊的國家像中國一樣,但我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該從我們的美國同事學(xué)習(xí),特別是在他們的SAT3系統(tǒng),提供更多的機(jī)會對孩子參加考試。

Y: How many national tests do you have or do you have any national tests for entering universities?

Y:有多少國家測試你或你有任何國家測試進(jìn)入大學(xué)嗎? D: There are two national exams for entering college: the SAT and the ACT.4 But we have to emphasize here that these exams are optional.They are not required by every school in America, and in fact most state schools5 don't require them at all if you live in the United States.So when you're at your last year of high school, the question is not whether you like to enter a college or the exams will let you enter a college, the question is “Do you want to go to college? ” And that takes a lot of pressure off the child and gives more room to the child to grow as a learner, knowing that the exams are important but they don't decide who you are and what kind of student you are.I think this is one of the biggest differences between Chinese education and American education.D:有兩個(gè)國家考試:SAT和進(jìn)入大學(xué)的行為。4但我們必須強(qiáng)調(diào)在這里,這些考試是可選的。他們并不要求每一所學(xué)校在美國,事實(shí)上,大多數(shù)國家schools5不要求他們?nèi)绻阕≡诿绹Ｋ援?dāng)你在你的高中的最后一年,問題不在于你是否喜歡進(jìn)入大學(xué)或考試會讓你進(jìn)入大學(xué),問題是“你想去上大學(xué)?“,這需要很大的壓力下的孩子,提供更大的空間來孩子成長為一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)者,知道考試是很重要的,但是他們并不決定你是誰,你是什么樣的學(xué)生。我認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)區(qū)別最大的中國教育和美國教育。

Y: Asian students usually score the highest in math and science in the world.What comments do you have on this?

Y:亞洲學(xué)生通常得分最高的數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)的世界。你有什么評論嗎? H: This reminds me of one TV program, a special report on Asian students in American universities by NBC6 in 1996.After citing a few examples to illustrate the excellent performance of Asian students in American universities, the anchorman7 concluded by saying:“There has been a saying in many top American universities lately, if you see so many Asian faces in your class on the

H:這讓我想起了一個(gè)電視節(jié)目,一個(gè)特殊的報(bào)告在美國大學(xué)的亞洲學(xué)生在1996年NBC6。在舉出一些例子來說明性能優(yōu)良的亞洲學(xué)生在美國的大學(xué),anchorman7得出結(jié)論說“:已經(jīng)有了許多美國頂尖大學(xué)說在最近,如果你看到這么多亞洲面孔在你的類

first day of the semester, drop it out.”8 I think in a way this is a good summary of the excellent academic performance of Asian students.But at the same time, we have to admit that Asian students do not do an equally good job in their laboratories.I think this is partly because too much emphasis has been placed on test result instead of their ability of using their hands.So I think if we start giving more emphasis on the ability of doing things, I think they can probably do a better job not only in tests but also in their abilities.新學(xué)期的第一天,掉出來?！拔艺J(rèn)為在某種程度上8這是一個(gè)很好的概括的亞洲學(xué)生優(yōu)異的學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)。但同時(shí),我們必須承認(rèn)亞洲學(xué)生不做一個(gè)同樣好工作在他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。我認(rèn)為部分原因是由于太多的重點(diǎn)是要測試的結(jié)果,而不是他們使用他們的手的能力。所以我認(rèn)為如果我們開始給予更多強(qiáng)調(diào)的做事的能力,我認(rèn)為他們可以做一個(gè)更好的工作不僅在測試中,也在自己的能力。

D: The problem is that if you don't balance that by taking knowledge from head and putting it on hands and use it, I won't need that person for a job market.This person will be a scholar and will know much, but he can't do anything.Let me be very honest with you.We praise our Asian students in our colleges, but in fact they never ever get to the top.They are always the best assistants, the best researchers if I give them a task, but they are never the team leaders and they are never the managers.They are always the workers.I think that reflects the exam-memorization side of the education system.They know how to memorize and learn it, but they don't know how to creatively take it out of their heads and do things on their own.That is something that needs to be looked at carefully in the education system here.D:問題是,如果你不平衡,以知識并把它從頭部和手使用它,我不需要那人對就業(yè)市場。這個(gè)人會成為一個(gè)學(xué)者,就會知道太多,但他不能做任何事情。讓我很誠實(shí)地告訴你。我們贊美我們的亞洲學(xué)生在我們的大學(xué),但事實(shí)上他們永遠(yuǎn)不會到達(dá)山頂。他們總是最好的助手,最好的研究人員如果我給他們一個(gè)任務(wù),但他們從不團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和他們永遠(yuǎn)是經(jīng)理。他們總是工人。我認(rèn)為這反映了考試識記一邊的教育系統(tǒng)。他們知道如何記憶和學(xué)習(xí)它,但他們不知道如何創(chuàng)造性地把它從他們的頭和做自己的事情。這是需要仔細(xì)的在這里的教育體系。

Y: Now more and more Chinese parents are sending their children abroad for secondary schooling.9 Do you think they do so simply to let their children to have a taste of Western life and education? Or is it because of a very practical concern, Prof.He?

Y:現(xiàn)在越來越多的中國家長把孩子送到國外中學(xué)教育。9你認(rèn)為他們這么做只是為了讓他們的孩子有品味的西方生活和教育?或者是因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)非?，F(xiàn)實(shí)的擔(dān)憂,教授嗎? H: The reasons behind that vary.Some of the parents are thinking of providing a proper college education for the child, because the competition of entering a Chinese college is still fierce at this moment.And some are thinking of providing a well paying job for their children in the future.And some are probably thinking of sending their children abroad as the first step of immigrating into a foreign country themselves.H:變化的背后的原因。一些父母都想提供一個(gè)合適的大學(xué)教育孩子,因?yàn)楦偁庍M(jìn)入中國的大學(xué)仍然是激烈的這一刻。和一些正考慮提供好工作為孩子支付在未來。和一些可能考慮把子女送到國外作為第一步的移民到國外自己。

Y: But how do we look at this, many Asian Ph.D.students are roaming the streets of Singapore,Hong Kong and Taiwan even looking for Jobs?

Y:但是我們怎么看這,許多亞洲人漫步街頭,博士生的新加坡、香港和臺灣甚至找工作嗎? D: Well, the Ph.D.only tells me you have studied.If I want to be a university professor or a science researcher, definitely Ph.D.is important because I need to be in the top of my field of research.But if I were the president of the company and I need to hire creative work staff, I'm going to look what you've done and I don't care how much you've studied.維:嗯,博士學(xué)位只告訴我你研究過。如果我想成為一個(gè)大學(xué)教授或科學(xué)研究員,絕對博士是很重要的,因?yàn)槲倚枰谖业难芯款I(lǐng)域的頂部。但如果我是這家公司的董事長和我需要雇傭有創(chuàng)造性的工作人員,我要看看你都做了什么,我不在乎你是多么的研究。

Y: Now a question for each of you before we end this interview.What should we as parents and teachers do to let children be more creative and innovative?

Y:現(xiàn)在一個(gè)問題對每個(gè)你在我們結(jié)束這個(gè)采訪。我們應(yīng)該為家長和教師都讓孩子們更有創(chuàng)造力和創(chuàng)新? D: I would encourage them to question and always be supportive to them.You should take the time to make the child be interested in the world around them and question everything they know and to seek their own truth as well.So be there as a listener, but at the same time, be a guide that can show them how to find the answers themselves.D:我會鼓勵(lì)他們的問題和永遠(yuǎn)支持他們。你應(yīng)該花時(shí)間使孩子有興趣在他們周圍的世界,并質(zhì)疑一切他們知道和尋求自己的真理一樣。所以在那里作為一個(gè)監(jiān)聽器,但同時(shí),是一個(gè)指南,可以向他們顯示如何找到答案。

H: I think we should have more discussion classes, both at the primary and secondary levels.The debates in the classes will encourage the students to think more creatively.And they will become thinkers instead of followers of the instructions of teachers.H:我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該有更多的討論類,無論是在初級和中級水平。在類的辯論將會鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生更富創(chuàng)造性的思考。他們將成為思想家,而不是老師的指示的追隨者。1.體育課。PE: Physical Education.2.高考。3.SATscholastic aptitude test學(xué)業(yè)能力傾向測驗(yàn)。4.ACTAmerican College Test美國大學(xué)測驗(yàn)。

5.公立學(xué)校。6.NBCNational Broadcasting Company美國全國廣播公司。7.節(jié)目主持人。8.別上這個(gè)班。9.上中學(xué)。__

二、Let's Put the Heat on Campus Cheats 讓我們把熱量在校園騙子 The scandal of college cheating.該丑聞的大學(xué)作弊。By Stephen Barr 斯蒂芬·巴爾 Declining Morals 道德滑坡

James Karge-Taylor was astonished at the rampant cheating taking place in his jazz-history class at the University of Arizona.Students looked over each other's shoulders, devised coughing codes to communicate to friends, and flashed answers on the backs of their hands while pretending to stretch.詹姆斯Karge-Taylor感到驚訝猖獗的作弊發(fā)生在他的修讀爵士歷史類的亞利桑那大學(xué)。學(xué)生看著彼此的肩膀,設(shè)計(jì)了咳嗽編碼與朋友交流,和閃爍的答案背后的手而假裝伸展。

He once caught one student using his cell phone to send answers to a friend's pager.The code “54*2,” for instance, meant the answer to question 54 was B.Karge-Taylor kicked them out of his classroom and gave both an F.他曾抓住一個(gè)學(xué)生用他的手機(jī)發(fā)送一個(gè)朋友的尋呼機(jī)的答案。代碼“54 * 2,“例如,意味著題的答案是B 54。Karge-Taylor踢他們離開自己的教室,并送了一個(gè)F。

At small Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa, philosophy professor Heather Reid discovered cheating in, of all places, her introductory ethics class.Two students turned in homework assignments that were almost identical.Reid reported the incident to the academic dean, leading to an investigation.One student was suspended and given an F for the course.在小晨邊學(xué)院愛荷華州蘇城,哲學(xué)教授希瑟·里德發(fā)現(xiàn)作弊,所有的地方,她的介紹性的倫理類。兩個(gè)學(xué)生在作業(yè)了,幾乎是相同的。Reid報(bào)道此事的教務(wù)長,導(dǎo)致一個(gè)調(diào)查。一個(gè)學(xué)生被停職,給定一個(gè)F的課程。

Incidents such as these are all too common.In recent years many colleges and universities have reported a surge in plagiarism, unauthorized collusion on assignments and cheating on tests.諸如此類的事件都太常見。近年來許多學(xué)院和大學(xué)報(bào)道激增的剽竊,未經(jīng)授權(quán)的勾結(jié)的作業(yè)和考試作弊。

In research conducted at 31 schools over the past decade, Rutgers University professor Donald McCabe has found that nearly 70 percent of students admit to cheating at some point during college, with over 15 percent reporting that they were, in McCabe's words, “serious, repetitive cheaters.”

在研究31學(xué)校在過去的十年中,羅格斯大學(xué)教授唐納德麥凱布已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),近70%的學(xué)生承認(rèn)作弊在某種程度上,大學(xué)期間超過15%報(bào)告說,他們在McCabe的話說“嚴(yán)重的、,重復(fù)的騙子。” While this surge has been blamed on many factors, including a declining emphasis on moral values in the home and school, without question it's never been easier to cheat.With the Internet, students have access to a treasure-trove of information they can pinch without proper attribution.“There's a cowboy feeling about the Internet that the information is out there for everybody to use as they see fit,” says

雖然這個(gè)激增歸咎于許多因素,包括一個(gè)下降的強(qiáng)調(diào)道德價(jià)值觀在學(xué)校和家里,毫無疑問從未如此的容易作弊。有了互聯(lián)網(wǎng),學(xué)生獲得珍貴的信息他們可以捏沒有適當(dāng)?shù)膶傩浴！坝幸粋€(gè)牛仔感覺關(guān)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的信息是拿出來給大家使用在他們認(rèn)為合適的地方,”說

Michele Goldfarb, director of the Office of Student Conduct at the University of Pennsylvania.米歇爾·戈德法布辦公室的主任,學(xué)生行為在賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)。

In a composition class, University of Texas instructor Sharan Daniel asked students to write an evaluative argument, which could include reviewing a contemporary film.在一篇作文類,德克薩斯大學(xué)講師夏朗丹尼爾要求學(xué)生寫下一個(gè)評價(jià)參數(shù),其中可能包括回顧當(dāng)代電影。

One student chose a Bruce Willis movie.一個(gè)學(xué)生選擇一個(gè)布魯斯·威利斯的電影。

Daniel suspected plagiarism when the paper turned in was different in style from the 丹尼爾涉嫌剽竊論文的時(shí)候把在不同的風(fēng)格

student's previous work.She did a search on the Internet and found the review the 學(xué)生以前的工作。她做了一個(gè)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上搜索,發(fā)現(xiàn)了審查 student had lifted in its entirety.學(xué)生在其全部解除。

There are hundreds of websites, with names like schoolsucks.com and 有成百上千的網(wǎng)站,像schoolsucks.com和名稱

CollegeTermPapers.com, which offer ready-made essays on topics ranging from

CollegeTermPapers.com,它提供現(xiàn)成的文章主題從

anthropology to zoology.Some sites are free, as long as you contribute a paper of 人類學(xué)生態(tài)。有些網(wǎng)站是免費(fèi)的,只要你貢獻(xiàn)的一篇論文

your own, while others charge anything from a modest membership fee to over 你自己的,而其他的收費(fèi)從一個(gè)適度的會費(fèi)超過 $100 a paper.100美元一紙。

Students also get papers directly from their peers.As the semester-end approaches, 學(xué)生可以直接從他們的同齡人的論文。隨著學(xué)期結(jié)束的臨近, the online message boards and chat rooms on many websites fill with requests for 在線留言板和聊天室在許多網(wǎng)站充滿請求 papers from desperate students.論文從絕望的學(xué)生。

The website of the Evil House of Cheat boasts 2000 daily visitors.There you can pick 該網(wǎng)站的邪惡的房子的欺騙擁有每天接待2000名參觀者。在那里你可以選擇

up tips on how to cheat on exams and read comments from people described as satisfied users, like one student who said he had raised his grade-point average from a D-to a B+ after he paid his $9.95 annual membership fee.小技巧如何在考試中作弊和閱讀評論人描述為滿足用戶,像一個(gè)學(xué)生說他舉起他的平均分從DHe was unmoved.′′You are smart enough.You′ll see a change!′′Nothing.然而,在那之后,戰(zhàn)爭。史蒂夫依然不想′t做他的家庭作業(yè)?！洹湓囋囁?一個(gè)星期!′′——他無動(dòng)于衷。′′你足夠聰明。你會看到一個(gè)變化′!′′——沒有什么感到他?！洹浣o自己一個(gè)機(jī)會。唐′t放棄你的生活!′′——沒有什么。

′′Steve, please!I care about you!′′ Wow!Suddenly Steve got it.Someone cared about him? Someone totally unattainable and perfect, caredhim ?

′′史蒂夫,謝謝!我在乎你!′′哇!突然史蒂夫得到它了。有人關(guān)心他?有人完全高不可攀和完美,關(guān)心——他——大約? Steve went home from school, thoughtful that afternoon.He could not bear the overpowering stench in his house.He quickly gathered up his camping gear: a jar of peanut butter, a loaf of bread, a bottle of water, and this time his school books.Grim-faced and determined, he headed for the woods.史蒂夫從學(xué)?；丶?深思熟慮的那個(gè)下午。他不能忍受這些刺鼻的臭味在他的房子。他迅速收拾起他的野營裝備:一罐花生醬,一塊面包,一瓶水,這一次他的學(xué)校的書。冷面和決心,他又去了樹林。

The following Monday Miss White gave a quiz on the weekend homework.Steve hurried through the test and was first to hand in his paper.With a look of surprise Miss White took his paper.Obviously puzzled, she began to look it over.在接下來的星期一懷特小姐給對周末的家庭作業(yè)進(jìn)行測驗(yàn)。史蒂夫匆匆完成測試,是第一個(gè)手在他的論文。用一下驚奇懷特小姐把他的論文。顯然很困惑,她開始看仔細(xì)了。

Miss White′s face was in total shock.She glanced up at Steve, then down then up.Suddenly her face broke into a radiance of smile.The smartest boy in the 7th grade had just passed his first test.懷特小姐′s臉上總沖擊。她瞟了一眼史蒂夫,然后下來然后起來。突然她的臉闖入一個(gè)光輝的微笑。最聰明的男孩在七年級剛剛通過了第一個(gè)測試。

From that moment nothing was the same for Steve.Steve began to excel.And he continued this course throughout his school life.After high school Steve enlisted in the Navy, and he had a successful military career.Steve began a second career after the Navy, and he continued to inspire others, as astral professor in a nearby college.Miss White left great legecy3年高等教育改革

The

former SEdC have established 216 teaching reform pilots for short 2-3 years higher education nationally, and the establishments of pilot colleges are progressing successfully and a number of disciplines and colleges with short higher education characteristics are also taking shape.Recently, with the condition of education provision of those colleges greatly improved and their pace of basic construction speed up, the overall capacity of education provision of them has remarkably strengthened and important achievements have been made in the field of teaching reform.The experience and achievements gained in the reform of short 2-3 years higher education provied important experience for the development of higher vocational education.The state policy of energetically developing higher vocational education in return provides new opportunity for the development of short 2-3 years higher education, which has shown up its great vitality.上次更新216年前建立了教學(xué)改革飛行員短23年高等教育加上重要經(jīng)驗(yàn),為發(fā)展高等職業(yè)教育。國家政策的大力發(fā)展高等職業(yè)教育作為回報(bào)提供了新的機(jī)會為發(fā)展高等教育只有2-3年,它顯示了強(qiáng)大的生命力。

7The establishment of macro management system on quality of higher education made stable progress

7建立宏觀管理系統(tǒng)在高等教育質(zhì)量,使之穩(wěn)定進(jìn)展

In

1993, the Department of Higher Education of former SEdC began to research the assessment plan and the practice of teaching assessment.Aimed at helping the HEIs consistently identify their schooling directive ideology, improving the schooling conditions, enhancing the basic construction of teaching, deepening teaching reform, increasing management level and gradually setting up and perfecting the system of self-development and self-restrain so as to continuously improve education quality and increase schooling efficiency, the assessment of undergraduate teaching adheres to the principle of “promoting reform and establishment through assessment, combining assessment and establishment together with the emphasis laying on establishment”.There are three forms of assessment: the first is the pass level teaching assessment to the universities with comparatively weak basis and short history of undergraduate education￡? the second is the excellent level assessment to the universities with good basis, high teaching level and a comparatively long history of undergraduate education;and the last one is the random level assessment to the universities between pass level and excellent level.Since 1994, 146 HEIs with weak basis and short history of undergraduate education have undertook the pass level assessment step by step and 10 key universities have undertook the excellent level assessment.The development of teaching assessment evoked intense repercussions among educational administrative departments and HEIs and played an important role in promoting the improvement of higher education quality.在1993年,高等教育部門的前上次開始研究評估計(jì)劃與實(shí)踐教學(xué)評估。旨在幫助他實(shí)現(xiàn)識別他們的學(xué)校教育指導(dǎo)思想、改善教育狀況,加強(qiáng)教學(xué)基本建設(shè),深化教學(xué)改革,提高管理水平,逐步建立和完善系統(tǒng)的自我發(fā)展和自我約束,以不斷提高教育質(zhì)量和提高教育效率、評估本科教學(xué)堅(jiān)持原則的“促進(jìn)改革和機(jī)構(gòu)通過評估,結(jié)合評估和建立重點(diǎn)一起躺在機(jī)構(gòu)”。有三種形式的評估:第一個(gè)是通過水平的高校教學(xué)評估與相對較弱的基礎(chǔ)和短暫歷史的本科教育￡?第二個(gè)是優(yōu)秀的水平評估的高校有良好的基礎(chǔ),高教學(xué)水平和相對歷史悠久的大學(xué)本科教育;最后一個(gè)是隨機(jī)水平評估的高校之間通過水平和優(yōu)秀的水平。自1994年以來,146年他與基礎(chǔ)薄弱和短暫歷史的本科教育已經(jīng)承擔(dān)了通過水平評估一步一步和10個(gè)主要大學(xué)的高超水平進(jìn)行了評估。教學(xué)評估的發(fā)展引發(fā)強(qiáng)烈反響教育行政部門和高校,發(fā)揮著重要作用,推動(dòng)高等教育質(zhì)量的提高。

8The importance attached to the research of higher education theory and directing teaching reform with scientific theory

8的重視高等教育研究的理論和教學(xué)改革以科學(xué)的理論指導(dǎo)

In

early l993, with other three departments, the Department of Higher Education of former SEdC jointly sponsored and organized research team for the task of “On the research of theory for socialistic higher education with Chinese characteristics”.With the keys on what is the socialistic higher education with Chinese characteristics and how to establish such higher education, the team carried out their theoretical research.Supported by educational administrative departments at various levels, after four years' endeavour, a number of important research achievements like “the Theory keys of Higher Education with Chinese Characteristics” have been made and aroused great influence in the higher education circle.After this research, in the light of development of our socialistic modernization construction and higher education reform and the historic opportunity of entering anew millenium for our human beings, MoE organized the research team for the task of “ Chinese Higher Education in 21st Century ” to continue the theoretical research on socialistic higher education with Chinese characteristics.在早期的基本法草案,與其他三個(gè)部門,該部門的高等教育的共同發(fā)起和前上次研究小組的任務(wù)”的理論研究高等教育具有中國特色的社會主義”。用鑰匙在什么是中國特色社會主義的高等教育,以及如何建立這樣的高等教育,研究小組進(jìn)行了理論研究。支持各級教育行政部門,經(jīng)過四年的努力,許多重要的研究成果就像“高等教育理論鍵具有中國特色的“已經(jīng)和引起極大的影響的高等教育圈。在這之后的研究,針對我們的社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的發(fā)展和高等教育改革和歷史性的機(jī)遇重新進(jìn)入年對于我們?nèi)祟?MoE組織研究小組的任務(wù)是“中國高等教育在21世紀(jì)的“繼續(xù)理論研究具有中國特色的社會主義的高等教育。9

The track of managing higher education through laws 9的軌道高等教育管理通過法律

OnAugust, 1998, the 4th conference of the 9th standing committee of National Congress passed the “Higher Education Law of People's Republic of China” which is implemented from 1 Jan, 1 999.Higher Education Law is the first complete higher education legal document in term of legislature.It is a law, which standardizes the internal and external complicated social re1ationship of higher education and its own activities.It is a basic law promulgated under the direction of the constitute and Education Law which laying the important foundation for the establishment of a systematic and perfect higher education legal system led by the Higher Education Law.8月29日,1998年,第四屆會議第九屆全國代表大會常務(wù)委員會通過了“高等教育法律中華人民共和國實(shí)現(xiàn)從999年1月,1。高等教育法律是第一個(gè)完成高等教育法律文件在術(shù)語的立法機(jī)構(gòu)。這是一個(gè)法律,規(guī)范了內(nèi)部和外部的復(fù)雜的社會re1ationship高等教育和自己的活動(dòng)。這是一個(gè)基本的法律頒布指導(dǎo)下構(gòu)成和教育法律,奠定了重要基礎(chǔ),建立一個(gè)系統(tǒng)和完善高等教育法律體系高等教育領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的法律。

The assurance of further deepened reform through further improvement of schooling conditions

10的保證進(jìn)一步深化改革通過進(jìn)一步改善教育狀況

With

the deepening of teaching reform, inadequate input in it has been an obstacle.In order to solve the problem, educational administrative departments at various levels and HEIs have actively explored the measures and ways to increase educational expenditure and improve schooling conditions.At present, the World Bank Loan Project, which is being carried out, will all together input $70 million to improve the experiment conditions for the basic courses in HEIs.Local governments at various levels have also take a serious of measures to expand the input to locaI HEIs to enhance the construction of disciplines, bases, curriculum, laboratory and library for HEIs, greatly improving the material

與深化教學(xué)改革,在它已經(jīng)不足輸入一個(gè)障礙。為了解決這個(gè)問題,各級教育行政部門和高校有積極探索的措施和方法來增加教育經(jīng)費(fèi),提高教育條件。目前,世界銀行貸款項(xiàng)目,這是貫徹執(zhí)行,將一起輸入7000萬美元用于改善實(shí)驗(yàn)條件的基本課程在高校。地方各級政府也采取了一系列措施來擴(kuò)大的輸入locaI高校加強(qiáng)學(xué)科建設(shè),基地,課程,為高校實(shí)驗(yàn)室和圖書館,大大提高了材料

conditions of these HEIs.這些高校的條件。

The Construction Of Teaching Contingent

教師隊(duì)伍的建設(shè)

From

the end of l980's to the early l990's, the problems of aging, lacking young teachers and low qualification have obviously shown up concerning the teaching contingent in HEIs.To change the situation, educational administrative departments at various levels and HEIs made different policies and took all kinds of measures, After l0 years unremitting efforts, all those problems have been solved primarily.從l980年底的早期l990的,問題的老化,缺少年輕教師和低資格已經(jīng)明顯出現(xiàn)有關(guān)教學(xué)在高校隊(duì)伍。為改變此現(xiàn)狀,各級教育行政部門和高校讓不同的政策,把各種各樣的措施,在10年不懈努力,所有這些問題已經(jīng)解決主要。

1With many young teachers replenished, the age structure of teachers' contingent has been adjusted.A number of middle-aged and young teachers have gradually developed themselves and become the backbone teams in teaching and research.1和許多青年教師補(bǔ)充,年齡結(jié)構(gòu)的教師隊(duì)伍已經(jīng)被調(diào)整。大量的中青年教師已逐漸發(fā)展了自己和成為骨干團(tuán)隊(duì)在教學(xué)和研究。

2The policies relative to position promotion have been made and the position structure of teaching contingent has been adjusted.這個(gè)政策相對位置推廣已經(jīng)和位置的結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)調(diào)整教師隊(duì)伍。

3The proportion of Ph.Ds and masters to be selected and remained in HEIs has been increased and the degree structure of teachers has been adjusted.Ds的比例和碩士博士被選中和仍在增加,高校教師的學(xué)歷結(jié)構(gòu)得到調(diào)整。

4The knowledge structural of teachers has been adjusted through in-service training, offering in-service degree education, selecting teachers to go aboard for advanced studies and carrying out cooperative research.The teachers contingent is replenished and the development of new disciplines is promoted by recruiting the returning overseas students.4知識結(jié)構(gòu)的教師已經(jīng)調(diào)整通過在職培訓(xùn),提供在職學(xué)位教育,選擇教師上船高級研究和開展合作研究。教師隊(duì)伍是補(bǔ)充和發(fā)展新學(xué)科是被招募返回的海外學(xué)生。

The Industry, Teaching And Research In HEIs 這個(gè)行業(yè),在高校教學(xué)和科研

In

recently years, taking full advantage of their talents, knowledge, science and technology, the HEIs emphasized the practical research and development in the light of economic construction of our country and made great effort to serve the central task of economic construction while at the same time strengthening the basic research.In addition, HEIs have taken part in the construction of science parks, establish high-tech enterprises run by HEIs and combine industry, teaching and research together to turn the scientific and research fruits into real productivity and spread them to the whole society.For example, with its own advantage of talents and technology, the Fourder Group run by Peking University not only revolutionized the printing industry of China, but also occupied 90% of the market of Chinese newspapers at home and aboard.The Group has its own master and doctoral training pilots, post-doctor mobilizing departments, national key laboratories and research centers for national projects, thus the integration of industry, teaching and research into reality.在最近幾年,充分利用他們的才能、知識、科學(xué)和技術(shù),他強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)際研究和開發(fā)針對我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)做出了巨大的努力,為經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的核心任務(wù),同時(shí)加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)研究。此外,他參與了建設(shè)科學(xué)公園,建立高新技術(shù)企業(yè)由他和結(jié)合工業(yè)、教學(xué)和研究在一起把科學(xué)和研究成果為真正的生產(chǎn)力和傳播到整個(gè)社會。例如,利用自身優(yōu)勢的人才和技術(shù),Fourder集團(tuán)由北京大學(xué)不僅徹底改變了中國的印刷行業(yè),但也占據(jù)了90%的市場份額的中國報(bào)紙國內(nèi)外。該集團(tuán)有自己的碩士和博士訓(xùn)練飛行員、與工程從事博士后研究動(dòng)員部門,國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室和研究中心為國家項(xiàng)目,因此一體化的產(chǎn)業(yè)、教學(xué)和研究變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。

Chinese government attaches great importance to the international cooperation and exchanges of higher education.Since the reform and opening up to the outside world in 1978, international cooperation and exchanges of higher education have become more and more active and achieved fruitful results.In the past 20 years, China has established educational cooperative and exchanges relationship with 154 countries and areas, sent 300, 000 students to go aboard for study to more than l00 countries and areas, received 210, 000 foreign students from 160 countries and areas, sent 1800 teachers and experts to teach aboard and employed 40, 000 foreign teachers and experts.Recently, through the reform of sending and management of overseas students, Chinese government adopted the policy of “supporting overseas studies, encouraging overseas students to come back after they complete their studies and guaranteeing their freedom of coming and go” to encourage the overseas students to come back and serve the country in various forms after they finish their studies.By opening to the outside world, we broadly learn the useful foreign experience, promote the reform and development of our higher education and enhance mutual understanding and friendship between China and other countries.中國政府高度重視國際合作與交流的高等教育。改革開放以來外部世界在1978年,國際合作與交流的高等教育已成為越來越多的活動(dòng),取得了豐碩的成果。在過去的20年中,中國已經(jīng)建立了教育合作與交流關(guān)系,與154個(gè)國家和地區(qū)派出300學(xué)生出國學(xué)習(xí)到超過l00國家和地區(qū),收到了210的外國學(xué)生來自160個(gè)國家和地區(qū),派出1800名教師和專家教登上和雇傭了40 000外籍教師和專家。最近,從改革發(fā)送和管理的海外學(xué)生,中國政府采取的政策,”支持海外研究,鼓勵(lì)海外學(xué)生回來之后他們完成學(xué)業(yè),保證他們的自由的未來,去“鼓勵(lì)海外學(xué)生回來、為國服務(wù)以各種形式在他們完成他們的學(xué)業(yè)。通過打開到外面的世界,我們廣泛學(xué)習(xí)有用的國外經(jīng)驗(yàn),促進(jìn)改革和發(fā)展我國高等教育和增進(jìn)相互了解和友誼中國和其他國家。