第一篇：英語(yǔ)演講與表達(dá)

高中英語(yǔ)選修課程設(shè)計(jì)

課程名稱(chēng)： 英語(yǔ)演講與表達(dá)

適用對(duì)象： 普通高中高中二年級(jí)

課程說(shuō)明：本課程是以培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生當(dāng)眾說(shuō)話(huà)能力為目的的一門(mén)選修課程。通過(guò)大量的演講實(shí)例的剖析講解，開(kāi)闊學(xué)生的眼界，引發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣，讓學(xué)生感受演講的魅力，提高學(xué)生對(duì)演講的鑒賞能力，提高學(xué)生口語(yǔ)表達(dá)水平、人際交往能力和演講水平；在掌握基本理論和基本技能的同時(shí)，全面提高學(xué)生素質(zhì)。要求學(xué)生掌握演講的基本理論、演講內(nèi)容的準(zhǔn)備、演講的有聲語(yǔ)言和態(tài)勢(shì)語(yǔ)言、演講者的心理調(diào)適以及命題演講、即興演講、辯論的要求與技巧等內(nèi)容。采用理論講述和技能訓(xùn)練相結(jié)合、課內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)和課外實(shí)踐相結(jié)合、學(xué)生親身時(shí)間和觀摩評(píng)點(diǎn)相結(jié)合的方法

課程資源：1.參考書(shū)：《演講心理分析》《青年演講能力訓(xùn)練教程》《大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)演講訓(xùn)練指導(dǎo)》

2.精彩演講音頻文件：CD3.精彩演講視頻

考核辦法: 每個(gè)學(xué)生都進(jìn)行三分鐘的命題演講和一到兩分鐘的即席演講

教學(xué)安排與內(nèi)容：

第一單元 引言（兩個(gè)課時(shí)）

第一，二課時(shí)

教學(xué)目標(biāo)：使學(xué)生對(duì)演講及這個(gè)課程有個(gè)總體的了解

教具：課件

教學(xué)內(nèi)容：對(duì)這門(mén)課程進(jìn)行綜合的介紹

（一）演講的必要性

（二）演講時(shí)一般出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題（怯場(chǎng)，忘詞等）

（三）演講時(shí)需要注意的方面（演講稿，語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)，著裝舉止等）

（四）如何欣賞和評(píng)價(jià)一場(chǎng)演講

（五）如何開(kāi)展這門(mén)課程

（六）如何考核

欣賞并討論分析精彩即席演講：2005年第十屆?21世紀(jì) 外教社杯?全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講比賽決賽冠軍選手夏鵬的精彩演講――Walls and Bridges, 比賽中夏鵬以流利完美的口語(yǔ)和激情睿智的風(fēng)格征服評(píng)委和觀眾，一舉奪得‘全場(chǎng)冠軍’和‘最受觀眾喜愛(ài)的選手’兩項(xiàng)大獎(jiǎng)

第二單元 如何寫(xiě)好演講稿（四個(gè)課時(shí)）

第三 四課時(shí)

教學(xué)目標(biāo)：使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)如何擬定一個(gè)好題目以及怎樣收集，處理材料

教具：課件

教學(xué)內(nèi)容：

（一）介紹好的演講稿的特點(diǎn)：

1）應(yīng)切合具體演講的場(chǎng)合和對(duì)象；

2）簡(jiǎn)短有力沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)句

3）應(yīng)避免書(shū)面語(yǔ)

（二）怎樣擬定好的演講題目

1）全篇內(nèi)容的結(jié)晶

2）好題目應(yīng)該陌生化

（三）怎樣收集和處理材料

1）精心收集材料

2）尋求典型新鮮的材料

3）如何處理數(shù)字材料

欣賞并討論分析精彩演講：第八屆?21世紀(jì) 愛(ài)立信杯?全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講大賽總決賽冠軍的演講

第五 六課時(shí)

教學(xué)目標(biāo)：讓學(xué)生掌握寫(xiě)好演講稿的技巧

教具：課件

教學(xué)內(nèi)容：

（一）如何寫(xiě)好精彩的開(kāi)頭――有吸引力，制造懸念

（二）如何結(jié)尾――回味無(wú)窮，引人深思

（三）如何寫(xiě)好中間部分――編排巧妙，條理清晰

（四）為講稿潤(rùn)色――善用名言警句

欣賞并討論分析精彩演講：2004年4月第九屆?21世紀(jì) 外教社杯?全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講比賽決賽特等獎(jiǎng)及?最具創(chuàng)意獎(jiǎng)?的演講――The Doors Are Open To Us, 五分鐘。這篇演講稿最大的特色是 條例清晰以及將事例貫穿全文，這種處理很好的配合了限時(shí)演講的兩大特點(diǎn)：在短時(shí)間內(nèi)抓住聽(tīng)眾興趣，且要盡可能陳述完自己的觀點(diǎn)

第三單元 演講中的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)（兩個(gè)課時(shí)）

第七 八課時(shí)

教學(xué)目標(biāo)：規(guī)范學(xué)生演講中的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)

教具：課件

教學(xué)內(nèi)容：

一）語(yǔ)言要規(guī)范：

1）演講時(shí)的語(yǔ)音要清晰，善用不同的語(yǔ)調(diào)

2）演講時(shí)注意音量及說(shuō)話(huà)的速度

3）避免與場(chǎng)合及身份不符的口頭禪

二)語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)短通俗――簡(jiǎn)單易懂

三）盡可能使用常用詞――盡量使用單音節(jié)詞

四）語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式多樣化――避免枯燥呆板

五）少用第二人稱(chēng)――如避免用YOU二用WE以拉近距離

六）適當(dāng)?shù)耐ｎD

欣賞并討論分析精彩演講：2004年4月第九屆?21世紀(jì) 外教社杯?全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講比賽決賽二等獎(jiǎng)的演講――Making Choices，學(xué)習(xí)其流暢優(yōu)美的表達(dá)能力

第四單元 演講心理分析（四個(gè)課時(shí)）

第九 十課時(shí)

教學(xué)目的：使學(xué)生了解演講時(shí)演講者的一些心理

教具：課件

教學(xué)內(nèi)容:

一）演講“怯場(chǎng)”分析

1）原因分析：

A.陌生的體驗(yàn) B.過(guò)度的期望 C.自卑的態(tài)度D.聽(tīng)眾的壓力 E.性格特征

2）緊張情緒調(diào)節(jié)方法：

A.吐納松弛法－深呼吸 B.自我暗示法－自我安慰鼓勵(lì) C.臨場(chǎng)熟悉法—演講前熟悉環(huán)境

二）脫稿演講與“記憶”

1）記憶的基本過(guò)程：識(shí)記－保持－回憶和再認(rèn)

2）記憶方法：A 朗讀法－大聲朗讀B 提綱法－列出綱目和重要內(nèi)容 C 串詞法－每部分

定一個(gè)中心詞

欣賞并討論分析演講：第八屆?21世紀(jì) 愛(ài)立信杯?全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講大賽總決賽第三名的演講

第十一 十二課時(shí)

教學(xué)目的：促進(jìn)學(xué)生與聽(tīng)眾的交流以便更順利進(jìn)行演講

教具：課件

教學(xué)內(nèi)容：

（一）控制演講時(shí)間

1）逆反心理――超過(guò)一定限度（時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)度）時(shí)，人對(duì)某一對(duì)象的興奮狀態(tài)會(huì)專(zhuān)為抑制

狀態(tài)，即“超限逆反”。

2）演講的類(lèi)型：

A 交際性演講：盡量簡(jiǎn)短，幾分鐘

B 鼓動(dòng)性演講：富于情緒性，最好不超過(guò)一個(gè)半小時(shí)

C 傳授性演講：主要是傳遞信息，最長(zhǎng)一個(gè)小時(shí)左右

D 說(shuō)服性演講：富于邏輯和情緒感染力，最好不超過(guò)一個(gè)半小時(shí)

（二）適當(dāng)?shù)挠哪?/p>

1）幽默的意義：A 有助于引起注意B 有助于說(shuō)服人C 有助于調(diào)節(jié)關(guān)系

2）不當(dāng)或過(guò)多的幽默：A 會(huì)淡化主題B 有損演講者的形象 C

3）運(yùn)用幽默應(yīng)注意場(chǎng)合：交際性演講不妨多用，而傳授或鼓動(dòng)性演講盡量不用或少用

（三）顏色與心理

1）顏色的分類(lèi)：A 暖色－紅 橙 黃B 冷色－蘭色 淡綠色C 中性色－綠 紫

2）顏色與場(chǎng)合：A 鼓動(dòng)性演講：偏重暖色B 傳授性與說(shuō)服性演講：偏中性色

3）顏色與年齡：A 聽(tīng)眾大部分為青年――適宜較明亮的顏色，使情緒思想活躍

B聽(tīng)眾大部分為老年人――適合紫色，莊重且不阻滯思想

（四）非語(yǔ)言溝通

1）表情：有助于表達(dá)和理解情緒，特別是微笑

2）眼神：使聽(tīng)眾更有效地理解演講者的思想和情感

欣賞經(jīng)典演講：I have a dream(16分鐘左右)

第五單元即興演講（兩個(gè)課時(shí)）

第十三 十四課時(shí)

教學(xué)目的：使學(xué)生提高即興演講的能力

教具：課件

教學(xué)內(nèi)容：

（一）即興演講的話(huà)題類(lèi)型

1）永恒話(huà)題：例如friendship;health;honesty;success等

2）熱門(mén)話(huà)題：例如 pollution;part-time job等

3）個(gè)人話(huà)題：例如 my hobby/hometown;an unforegetable

4）臨時(shí)話(huà)題：臨時(shí)決定的話(huà)題或針對(duì)演講而提出的話(huà)題

（二）即興演講常用的開(kāi)頭方式：

1）通過(guò)比較對(duì)照引出話(huà)題

2）引用名人名言強(qiáng)調(diào)主題

3）以設(shè)問(wèn)開(kāi)頭激發(fā)聽(tīng)眾的興趣

4）提出矛盾對(duì)立的事物

5）以某一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或大眾的觀點(diǎn)開(kāi)頭

（三）主要部分的構(gòu)思

1）主題句與關(guān)鍵詞： 聽(tīng)到演講話(huà)題時(shí)保持冷靜，迅速審題和思考從那些方面闡述，而這些方面則以主題句或關(guān)鍵詞的方式來(lái)體現(xiàn)

2）段落的開(kāi)展： A 定義B 分類(lèi)C 例證D 因果關(guān)系E 按時(shí)間順序

3）使用過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)：A 使演講層次分明，連貫，流暢

B 為演講者贏得思考時(shí)間

（四）即興演講的結(jié)尾方式：A 概括全篇 重申論點(diǎn)

B提出疑問(wèn)發(fā)人深思

C 引經(jīng)據(jù)典 畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛 總結(jié)論點(diǎn)

欣賞并討論分析精彩即席演講：2005年第十屆?21世紀(jì) 外教社杯?全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講比賽決賽冠軍選手夏鵬的即席演講――學(xué)習(xí)其優(yōu)秀的臨時(shí)反應(yīng)能力，語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用及氣氛，時(shí)間的掌控能力（三分鐘）

第六單元 解決演講中的實(shí)際困難（兩個(gè)課時(shí)）

第十五 十六課時(shí)

教學(xué)目標(biāo)：使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)如何解決演講中的實(shí)際問(wèn)題

教具：課件

教學(xué)內(nèi)容：

（一）怎樣穿著得體

（二）抽簽在第一怎么辦

（三）假如最后上場(chǎng)

（四）如何看待前面的選手表現(xiàn)突出

（五）身體不舒服怎么辦

欣賞并討論分析演講：第八屆?21世紀(jì) 愛(ài)立信杯?全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講大賽總決賽第十一名的演講 第十七 十八課時(shí)：

考核：每個(gè)學(xué)生都進(jìn)行三分鐘的命題演講和一到兩分鐘的即席演講

第二篇：英語(yǔ)演講主題+口語(yǔ)表達(dá)（模版）

小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師素養(yǎng)大賽口語(yǔ)知識(shí)問(wèn)答測(cè)試題

1.Animals are our good friends.They can bring us happiness and help us do many things.Which animal do you like best? Why? 2.There are so many hobbies to choose.Some people enjoy collecting coins or stamps.Others choose to spend their time on sports or music.Can you talk about your hobby? 3.Flowers can make the environment beautiful and make us happy.Can you talk about your favorite flower? 4.People said “The whole year’s work depends on a good start in spring.” Spring is a very wonderful season.Do you like spring? Why? 5.Family has a great influence on our personal development.We can get warmth, help, comfort and strength from it.Can you introduce your family? 6.Fathers are our best teacher.We all grow up on their shoulders.They do their best to work for the whole family.Can you introduce your father? 7.Singers play very important role in our life.They influence a lot people, especially the youth.Can you introduce you favorite singer? 8.Fruit is good for our health.We should eat three or four kinds of fruit.They all contain many kinds of vitamin.Then what kind of fruit do you like best? Why? 9.Mothers are the most important person in our life.They take care of us all the time.They give us love、happiness and help.I think your mother is the best in your heart.So can you talk about your mother?

10.Tour is more and more popular in our life.It is one of the best ways to relax.Do you like to trip？Why? 11.Childhood is nice and wonderful for most of us.Maybe there are lots of unforgettable things.Can you talk about one of them? 12.Beijing is the capital of our country.Many people like to go there.Do you want to go? Why? 13.School is the important place which we study and work.We spend most of our time in it.Do you like your school? Why? 14.Friends play the important role in our life.Nobody can live happily without them.Can you explain the proverb “Friends and wines improve with age.”? 15.Water is the sauce of life.Nobody can live without it.But many places lack of it in our country.Can you talk about how to save the water? 16.Watching TV is one of the best ways to relax at home.But there are so many TV programs.Which kind of programs do you like? Talk about it.17.Dogs are people’s best friend.Most of us like them because they are lovely、loyal and helpful.Do you like dogs? Why? 18.Reading books is the good way to learn for us.But there are so many books to choose.What kind of books do you like Why ? 19.Fall is cool and windy but isn't hot and cold.So many people like it? Do you like it? Why? 20.Sports help everyone to keep healthy, happy, and efficient.So we should pay special attention to games.Which sport do you like best?

21.Failure is what often happens.It is everywhere in our life.Then how do you think about failure? 22.Everyone has his ideals.A businessman wishes to make greater profit;a farmer expects bumper harvests;a student tries to learn more and better.Can you talk about your ideal? 23.Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world, making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability.How do you think of money? 24.Summer is the hottest season.We can go swimming、go hiking and go fishing.Do you like summer? Why? 25.Competition makes people original and creative.It very necessary to compete if human society wants to advance.Do you think so? Why? 26.As the saying goes, you don’t know what happiness is until you lose it and you don’t know what health is until you are ill.Can you talk about health and life? 27.The computer is widely used in all fields of society.Today, wherever you go, you will find computers being used.How do you think about it? 28.Today the quality of our natural environment has become an important issue.Can you talk about how to protect the environment? 29.In modern times, when science and technology are making great progress, the education of the work force is of primary importance.Do you think so?

30.Nowadays, more and more people are exchanging a great variety of information by using electronic mails instead of traditional ways of mailing letters.How do you think about it?] 31.There are lots of people who are convinced that good numbers bring good luck and bad numbers bring disasters.Do you have a lucky number? Talk about it.32.China is called the “kingdom of bicycles”, because there are thousands of millions of bicycles in China and bicycles are the most important means of transport in China.Do you think so? 33.In the modern times, there are many ways for people to communicate, among which are telephone calls and writing letters.Which one would you like to choose? Why? 34.Smoking is harmful.This has been proved by scientific experiments.However, many young people are still getting into the habit of smoking.Can you talk about your idea? 35.Winter is a cold season.The snowflakes fly in the sky like the fairies.All the things are clean and shining.Do you like winter? Why? 36.The relationship between a teacher and the student can be good or bad, helpful or harmful.How do you think about it? 37.Physical exercise is a necessary part of our life.However, still some people do not like to attend sports activities.Do you think so? Why? 38.In my life I have met a great many people who are really worth recalling.Can you talk you unforgettable;39.With the rapid development of our national economy, private cars have become in large number.Do you want to have a car? Why?

40.Green food is good for our health nowadays.People all like healthy food.do you like? Why? 41.As the holidays arrive it is easy to become distracted by our desire for perfection.How about your holiday? Can you talk about it? 42.There are so many colors which make the world much more wonderful.Which color do you like best? Why? 43.Nowadays more and more parents are eager to send their children to study abroad before they finish high school by whatever means and at whatever cost.How do you think about it? 44.Teaching is the most brilliance career under the sun.So we should be proud of ourselves.Do you like teaching? Why? 45.As a teacher, the first class is very unforgettable.Maybe you can experience a special experience.Can you tell us? 46.A famous American poet says well，Life is short，art is long。Everyone should work hard and study well.Never waste any time.How you think of the time? 47.Lantern Festival is a China‘s traditional festival.It is celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first month of the lunar year.Do you like it? Why? 48.What does it mean to relax? Despite hearing this term thousands of times during the course of our lives, very few people have deeply considered what it's really about.Can you tell us how to relax yourself? 49.Fast food is becoming more and more popular in China, especially among children and teenagers.Do you like it? Why? 50.English has been getting more and more popular in the last decade.Many countries have made English taught as the second language in schools.But why do students need English

第三篇：英語(yǔ)演講的技巧——口頭表達(dá)

英語(yǔ)演講的技巧——口頭表達(dá)

(2009-10-15 22:51:16)

每一位杰出的演講者都要經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練，其中一項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練是表述能力的訓(xùn)練。

表述能力，它包含口頭表述（vocal rendering）和體態(tài)語(yǔ)言（body language）兩個(gè)方面，指的演講者借助有聲和無(wú)聲的手段達(dá)到良好的演講效果的能力。

演講者的口頭表述的訓(xùn)練重點(diǎn)是發(fā)聲（voice projection）和吐字（articulation）。發(fā)聲和吐字是有聲語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的重要載體。動(dòng)聽(tīng)的聲音和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的吐字發(fā)音是練好有聲語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的重要環(huán)節(jié)。通常所說(shuō)的“字正腔圓”指的就是這兩個(gè)方面。

在發(fā)聲訓(xùn)練上要注意以下幾個(gè)要素：

1.音色。要具備良好的嗓音條件，圓潤(rùn)清亮是最理想的，尖細(xì)或嘶啞的聲音讓人聽(tīng)了不舒服。

2.音高。音高即聲音的高低，有高、中、低之分。高音具有高亢、明亮的特點(diǎn)，多用來(lái)表示驚疑、歡樂(lè)、贊嘆等情感；中音比較豐富充實(shí)，多用來(lái)表示平和舒緩的感情；低音則比較低沉、寬厚，多用來(lái)表示沉郁、壓抑悲哀之情。對(duì)演講者來(lái)說(shuō)，適中的音高是最理想的，但是準(zhǔn)確地把握高音、中音、低音的運(yùn)用規(guī)律可以恰如其分地傳情達(dá)意。

3.音量。音量的大小由發(fā)音時(shí)振動(dòng)用力的大小來(lái)決定。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，演講時(shí)語(yǔ)音要響亮，送音有力。不能大到聲嘶力竭，也不能小到無(wú)法聽(tīng)清。

4.語(yǔ)調(diào)。語(yǔ)調(diào)指聲音高低升降的變化，一般是和句子的語(yǔ)氣緊密結(jié)合的，其中以結(jié)尾的升降變化最為重要。語(yǔ)調(diào)是口語(yǔ)表達(dá)的重要手段，它能輔助語(yǔ)言表情達(dá)意。語(yǔ)調(diào)的選擇和運(yùn)用，必須切合思想內(nèi)容，符合語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，考慮現(xiàn)場(chǎng)效果。演講者應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確地掌握演講的內(nèi)容和情感，恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用語(yǔ)調(diào)，做到貼切、自然。

5.語(yǔ)速。演講速度要避免太快和太慢兩個(gè)極端。太快，一則聽(tīng)眾難以跟上，時(shí)間長(zhǎng)了容易使聽(tīng)眾對(duì)講話(huà)逐漸失去興趣，不愿繼續(xù)傾聽(tīng)；二則也使人產(chǎn)生懷疑，認(rèn)為演講者太緊張，因?yàn)槿藗兡懬泳o張時(shí)往往語(yǔ)速較快。當(dāng)然也不能太慢。太慢就顯得拉腔拖調(diào)，猶豫不決，聽(tīng)眾也會(huì)因?yàn)槁?tīng)得很累而失去耐心。演講者必須保持心態(tài)平和，語(yǔ)速適中。

6.停頓。停頓不只是演講者在生理上正常換氣的需要，也是表情達(dá)意的需要。演講時(shí)要連貫流暢，適當(dāng)停頓。停頓得當(dāng)，不僅可以清晰地顯示語(yǔ)意，而且可以調(diào)節(jié)語(yǔ)言節(jié)奏，給聽(tīng)眾留下回味的余地。停頓不當(dāng)，旺旺影響語(yǔ)意的表達(dá)。

7.變化。同樣一句話(huà)，由于語(yǔ)調(diào)輕重、高低長(zhǎng)短、急緩抑揚(yáng)等的不同變化，在不同語(yǔ)境里，可以表達(dá)出種種不同的思想感情。利用音高、音量、語(yǔ)調(diào)、語(yǔ)速等的變化可表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或引起聽(tīng)眾特別注意，避免單調(diào)乏味，能更準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)思想感情，加強(qiáng)演講效果，保持聽(tīng)眾的注意力。

吐字強(qiáng)調(diào)的是口齒清楚、發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確。吐字的技巧不僅關(guān)系到音節(jié)的清晰度，而且關(guān)系到聲音的圓潤(rùn)、飽滿(mǎn)。要吐字清楚，首先要熟練地掌握常用詞語(yǔ)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音。其次，要力求克服發(fā)音含糊、吐字不清的毛病。平時(shí)多練習(xí)繞口令有助于練好吐字的基本功。

另外，如果演講者是通過(guò)麥克風(fēng)傳遞聲音時(shí)，要注意“麥克風(fēng)禮儀”（microphone

manners）。演講者的嘴巴應(yīng)與麥克風(fēng)之間保持一定的距離以把握適當(dāng)?shù)囊袅?，防止音效失真和出現(xiàn)氣爆雜音（pop noise），要注意不能對(duì)著麥克風(fēng)喘粗氣、吸鼻子、咳嗽或大聲翻閱資料。

第四篇：英語(yǔ)演講與辯論

Online games impact on youngstersRecent years, many youngsters including lots of college students are addicted to computer games.They ignore that their main task is studying.Some youngsters even play computer games day and night.They don’t have any other hobbies except computer games.Their GPA is so low that they are facing the danger of expelled from school.For the students themselves who play online games all the day, they feel it

excited when playing games.The world of the computer games is so beautiful and colorful that they even can’t distinguish what is the virtual world and what is the real world.Games seemed like everything of their life.They can give up studying, give up having a meal, give up sleeping, give up making friends with others, give up staying with family, but what they can't give up is playing games.However, their teachers and parents are worried about this.Teachers don't want to see the scene that their students are thinking about how to play games in the class.Usually, just a part of students come to class, the other are playing games instead of having classes.Parents told their children that they shall study hard at school when their children leave home.But what upsets the parents is that the children are just playing online games at school.Online game sometimes can alleviate fatigue, but youngsters can’t be

addicted to it which will damage their study and their health, even their future.So for a youngster, you must get the balance between online games and your study, your health, your family, your future!

第五篇：觀察與表達(dá)

觀察與表達(dá)

【活動(dòng)目的】

觀察和表達(dá)能力訓(xùn)練。

【活動(dòng)材料】

玩具或一些觀察力考驗(yàn)圖（可由教師或者學(xué)生自行購(gòu)買(mǎi)）等。

【適用范圍】

小學(xué)一至三年級(jí)。

【活動(dòng)步驟】

1、教師將班上學(xué)生分為4～6個(gè)小組，選取一批能夠考察觀察力的材料由易到難排列，在班上展開(kāi)競(jìng)賽。如：找出玩具上的不同顏色；觀察兩組數(shù)字有何不同；觀察多組數(shù)字，讓學(xué)生標(biāo)出相同與兩組的組號(hào)；比較圖形的異同；比較字母或符號(hào)的異同。競(jìng)賽規(guī)則以小組用時(shí)短為勝。教師視情況自定題目的數(shù)量。

2、賽后進(jìn)行組間評(píng)比，讓成績(jī)最好的小組交流他們觀察的技巧。

3、一般來(lái)說(shuō)，競(jìng)賽成績(jī)較好的學(xué)生，其觀察方法也是有章法和技巧的。在小組向全班交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí)，教師要指導(dǎo)學(xué)生說(shuō)話(huà)的完整性和條理性。

4、對(duì)競(jìng)賽勝利的小組和表達(dá)優(yōu)秀的小組，教師可給予適當(dāng)?shù)木癃?jiǎng)勵(lì)，如小紅花等。

5、最后教師可以對(duì)學(xué)生提出養(yǎng)成細(xì)心觀察好習(xí)慣的期望結(jié)束本活動(dòng)。

【活動(dòng)過(guò)程及注意事項(xiàng)】

培養(yǎng)觀察力是開(kāi)發(fā)智力的重要方面，小學(xué)生在機(jī)體發(fā)育、各種教學(xué)、日常生活、專(zhuān)門(mén)訓(xùn)練等條件和因素的影響下，觀察力將穩(wěn)步提高。但良好的觀察力不是靠一次、兩次的觀察訓(xùn)練就能培養(yǎng)的，這種訓(xùn)練可以讓學(xué)生之間或其家長(zhǎng)幫助長(zhǎng)期訓(xùn)練。交流時(shí)要讓學(xué)生借鑒自己觀察時(shí)采用的方法，有順序的表達(dá)：什么先說(shuō)，接著說(shuō)什么，什么最后說(shuō)。為強(qiáng)化學(xué)生觀察和表達(dá)的能力，教師還可以要求學(xué)生記觀察日記。教會(huì)學(xué)生如何寫(xiě)觀察日記，并且要求他們養(yǎng)成記日記的習(xí)慣。