第一篇：2014職稱英語押題 理工B 閱讀理解

閱讀理解：

第二十九篇 I’ll Be Bach（2014年新文章）

Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music.It took Cope 30 years to develop the software.Now most people can’t tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J.S.Bach1(1685-1750)and the Bach-like compositions from Cope’s computer.It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera.He was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so be wrote a computer program to create the melodies.At first this music was not easy to listen to.What did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings compose music.He realized that composers1 brains work like big databases.First,they take in all the music that they have ever heard.Then they take out the music that they dislike.Finally, they make new music from what is left.According to Cope，only the great composers axe able to create the database accurately,remember it,and form new musical patterns firom it.Cope built a huge database of existing music.He began with hundreds of works by Bach.1 he software analyzed the data： it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns.It then combined the pieces into new patterns.Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works.They weren’t good,but it was a start.Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a whole opera to write.He continued to improve the software.Soon it could analyze more complex music.He also added many other composers，including his own work,to the database.A few years later，Cope’s computer program,called “Emmy”，was ready to help him with his opera.The process required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy.Cope listened to the computer’s musical ideas and used the ones that he liked.With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish.It was called Cradle Fallingttind it was a great success!Cope received some of the best reviews of his career,but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work.Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions.Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn’t like of her music,but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!詞匯：

original /9 Vicinal/ adj.有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性

coHaboration /ka丨laebdreijan / n.合作 review/ ri'vju:/ n.評(píng)論

feedback /'fi:db?k / n.反饋 注釋：

1.J.S.Bach:約翰?塞巴斯蒂安?巴赫(德語:Johann Sebastian Bach, 1685 年3 月 31 日一 1750 年7月28 H),巴洛克時(shí)期的德國作曲家，杰出的管風(fēng)琴、小提琴、大鍵琴演奏家,同作曲家亨德

爾和泰勒曼齊名。巴赫被普遍認(rèn)為是音樂史上最重要的作曲家之一，并被尊稱為“西方‘現(xiàn)代 音樂’之父”,也是西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。

練習(xí)：

1.The music composed by David cope is about

A classical music.B pop music.C drama.D country music.2.By developing a computer software,David Cope aimed A to be like Bach.B to study Bach.C to write an opera.D to create a musical database

3.What did Cope realize about a great composer's brain? A It forms new musical patterns all by itself.B It writes a computer program.C It can recognize any music patterns.D It creates an accurate database.4.Who is Emmy?

A a database

B a computer software C a composer who helped David

D an opera

5.We can infer from the passage that

A David Cope is a computer programmer.B David Cope loves music.C Bach’s music helped him a lot.D Emmy did much more work than a composer.答案與題解：

1.A第一段的第一句:David Cope發(fā)明了一個(gè)可以編寫出古典音樂的電腦軟件。2.C從第二段的第一句可以看出,David編寫電腦軟件的目的是寫歌劇。A、B和D都屬于創(chuàng)作歌劇的一部分。

3.D第二段的后半部分講的是偉大的歌劇作者與一般的歌劇作者的不同之處是通過對數(shù)據(jù) 進(jìn)行淮確的構(gòu)建、記憶而后創(chuàng)作出新的音樂形式。

4.B從第五段第一句可知Emmy是一計(jì)笄機(jī)軟件。

5.D從本文第一句可知David是一個(gè)作曲家,不是計(jì)算機(jī)程序員,所以排除A;B、C內(nèi)容沒有 提及;從本文的第五段和第六段可知,Emmy大大提高了 David的創(chuàng)作速度。

我也能成為巴赫

作曲家大衛(wèi)?科普發(fā)明了一個(gè)電腦軟件，它能編寫出古典音樂的原創(chuàng)作品?？破栈?30年才 完成這個(gè)軟件，現(xiàn)在，科普的電腦寫出的作品與德國著名作曲家J.S.巴赫寫的作品很相似，很少 有人能分辨出其中不同。

這一切始于1980年的美國，那時(shí)科普正在寫一部戲劇，但是他無法創(chuàng)作出新的旋律.于楚他 編寫了一個(gè)電腦軟件來幫他編曲。最開始的時(shí)候，軟件寫出的樂曲并不動(dòng)聽。科普是怎么做的呢？ 他幵始重新考慮人們作曲的方式。他認(rèn)識(shí)到作曲家的大腦就像一個(gè)大數(shù)據(jù)庫，他們先是吸收他們 聽過的所有音樂，然后去除他們不喜歡的，最后再根據(jù)留下的音樂來創(chuàng)作出新的旋律?？破照J(rèn)為，只有偉大的作曲家才能建立好的數(shù)據(jù)庫，并且能熟記于心，從而創(chuàng)造出新的音樂。

科普根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的音樂建立了龐大的數(shù)據(jù)庳，最開始的時(shí)候，數(shù)據(jù)庫包含了幾百部巴赫的作品?？破盏能浖⑦@些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析：首先它將音樂拆解成小的片段，從中找出固定模式，然后將片 段組合成新的模式。不久，這個(gè)軟件就能夠?qū)懗龊桶秃诊L(fēng)格很像的小曲子。它們并不完美，但這 只是個(gè)開始?？破罩?，他要做的還有很多一他得寫出一整部歌劇。他進(jìn)一步完普他的軟件，不久它就 能夠?qū)懗龈鼜?fù)雜的音樂了。他還在數(shù)據(jù)庫中加人了一些其他作曲家的作品，其中也包括他自己的作品。幾年后，科普的軟件“艾米”已經(jīng)能夠幫助他創(chuàng)作歌劇了。創(chuàng)作過程餹要作曲家和艾米共同 配合。科贅聆聽艾米寫出的音樂片段，從中選取他認(rèn)為好的。有了艾米的幫助，科蓊只用了兩個(gè) 星期就完成了這部歌劇，叫做《搖籃墜落》。演出獲得巨大成功，科普也得到了他有生以來最高 的評(píng)價(jià)，但是沒有人知道他究竟是怎樣創(chuàng)作出這部歌劇的。

從那以后，艾米已經(jīng)寫了上千部作品?？破宅F(xiàn)在依然會(huì)給艾米反饋，吿訴她自己哪些音樂是 他喜歡的，哪些是不喜歡的，但是現(xiàn)在大部分艱巨的工作是由艾米來完成的！

第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience

Shimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech’s Center for Music Technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback.The smartphone-enabled, one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “musical friend”.“Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music，” said Professor Gil Weinberg, the robot’s creator.He will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco.A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements.Shimi is essentially a docking station with a “brain” powered by an Android phone.Once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user’s mobile device.In other words, if there’s an “app” for that, Shimi is ready.For instance, by using the phone’s camera and face-detecting software，Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its “ears”，or speakers, for optimal sound.Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo.If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phone’s musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion.Once the music starts，Shimi dances to the rhythm.“Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions, said Music Technology Ph.D.candidate Mason Bretan.“Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive.’’Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume.The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the user’s song choices and provide feedback on the music play list.Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimi’s creative and interactive capabilities.“I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes.” Weinberg said.Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement with Georgia Tech.Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season.“If robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines一small, entertaining and fun，，Weinberg said.“They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.” 詞匯：

pump v.用抽水機(jī)抽;不斷播放（音樂）scan v.掃描;瀏覽 skip v.輕跳，跳躍

sync n.同步，同時(shí);v.使同步 tempo n.速度;節(jié)奏 注釋：

1.Georgia Tech:全稱是Georgia Institute of Technology,佐治亞理工學(xué)院，建于1885 年，位于亞特蘭大市中心。佐治亞理工學(xué)齒是美國南部最大的公立理工學(xué)院,也是全美最頂尖的理工學(xué)院之一，排名僅次于麻省理工學(xué)院(MIT)和加州理工學(xué)院(CalTech)。2.pump:不斷播放(音樂）。例如:This radio station recently pumps out pop music.(這家廣播電臺(tái)近來連續(xù)播放流行音樂。)3.smartphone-enabled:由智能手機(jī)系統(tǒng)支持的

4.is billed as:相當(dāng)于is advertised as，意為“被標(biāo)榜為”。5.docking station: 插接站,擴(kuò)充基座，擴(kuò)展插口

-6.Android:(科幻小說里的)機(jī)器人。本文指用于智能手機(jī)和便攜式計(jì)算機(jī)移動(dòng)設(shè)備的一種以Linus為基礎(chǔ)的開放源代碼操作系統(tǒng)，通過接口和插槽連接多種外部設(shè)備。目前Android 尚未有統(tǒng)一中文譯名，國內(nèi)較多人翻譯成“安卓”或“安致”。據(jù)2012年2月數(shù)據(jù), Android 占據(jù)全球智能手機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)市場52.5%的份額,中國市場占有率為68.4%。7.dock：對接

8.the sensing and musical generation capabilities:傳感和音樂生成能力 9.app:應(yīng)用程序（=application)10.if the user taps a beat:如果用戶打出某個(gè)(音樂）拍子 11.in the works:正在準(zhǔn)備階段;在進(jìn)行中或準(zhǔn)備中 12.intelligent service robots:智能服務(wù)型機(jī)器人 練習(xí)：

1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs? A Shimi is a one-foot tall robot.B Shimi is the creator of the musical companion.C Shimi is a docking station with a“ brain” powered by an Android phone.D Shimi can gain the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user’s mobile device.2.What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat? A It stores the beat in the musical library.B It transmits the beat to the docking station.C It positions its speakers for optimal sound.D It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with that beat.3.Which of the following about Shimi is true? A Robots are limited by their programming instructions, and Shimi is no exception.B Present apps allow the user to shake their head to alert Shimi to skip to the next song.C Existing apps allow the user to wave a hand to alert Shimi to turn up/down the volume.D Shimi can be creative and interactive.4.What does the author want to tell us? A The research center is developing a stronger and more versatile Shimi.B Weinberg only expects staffs from Georgia Tech.to develop more apps for Shimi.C Shimi is not yet technologically ready for commercialization.D Robots such as Shimi are created for large corporations rather than homes.5.Which of the following is Weinberg’s assertion?

A Shimi as a robotic musical companion can be applied to all types of smart phones.B human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes.C Shimi's creative and interactive capabilities are appreciated by most of its users.D Weinberg has reached an agreement with Georgia Tech to commercialize Shimi.答案與題解：

1.B在前三段中均可找到與選項(xiàng)A、C、D相應(yīng)的句子，強(qiáng)調(diào)Shimi是一種電子設(shè)備;B與原文不符, Shimi不是該機(jī)器人的發(fā)明者,Gil Weinberg教授才是the robot’s creator。

2.D選項(xiàng)D簡要地表述了第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phone’s musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion”的意思,所以是答案。選項(xiàng)A、B、C都不符合上述句子的含義。

3.D選項(xiàng)A的意思與原文相反。雖然人們認(rèn)為機(jī)器人受到程序指令的限制，但Shimi卻表現(xiàn)出具有創(chuàng)造能力和互動(dòng)能力，所以A不是答案。選項(xiàng)D的意思與原文相同，因而是答案。第四段第三句指的是未來的應(yīng)用程序: future apps in the works,而選項(xiàng)B,C是指目前的應(yīng)用程序，兩者的表述均與原文有出入。4.A第三段介紹Shimi的多種功能，第四段和第五段說Weinberg還在開發(fā)更多的應(yīng)用程序來豐富Shimi的功能，還希望其他研發(fā)者也參與開發(fā)，因此，A是答案。選項(xiàng)B說Weinberg 僅僅希望Georgia Tech員工參與開發(fā)更多的應(yīng)用軟件，這與原文不符。文章最后一段告訴我們,Weinberg正在與Georgia Tech進(jìn)行有關(guān)Shimi商業(yè)化的談判,選項(xiàng)C的意思與此相反，不會(huì)是答案。選項(xiàng)D也與原文不符。5.B選項(xiàng)A、C和D的內(nèi)容Weinberg都沒有說過。第三段告訴我們，Shimi是Android smart phone的擴(kuò)充基座，并不適用于所有智能手機(jī)，所以A選項(xiàng)不正確；Shimi尚未進(jìn)入市場，還談不上公眾對Shimi欣賞與否的問題，因此選項(xiàng)C不符合原意；Shimi正在進(jìn)行商業(yè)化運(yùn)作，但絕非已經(jīng)完成，所以D也不是正確選項(xiàng)。本題的答案是B,依據(jù)是最后一段倒數(shù)第二句。

譯文：

Shimi是由佐治亞理工大學(xué)音樂技術(shù)中心研發(fā)的一款音樂伴侶。它可以根據(jù)聽者的反饋推薦合乎節(jié)拍的歌曲、舞蹈；并且不斷播放音樂。這款髙1英尺的機(jī)器人是由智能手機(jī)系統(tǒng)支持的，因此被標(biāo)榜為“一個(gè)可以互動(dòng)的音樂朋友”。

Gil Weinberg教授是該機(jī)器人的發(fā)明者，他解釋說：“Shimi設(shè)計(jì)的宗旨是改變?nèi)藗冃蕾p音樂、認(rèn)識(shí)音樂的方式?！彼麑⒃诮衲?月27日在舊金山的谷歌I/O大會(huì)上展示這款機(jī)器人。一個(gè)由三個(gè)機(jī)器人組成的樂隊(duì)將為來賓演奏，并伴隨音樂起舞。而音樂是根據(jù)不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式編制的。

Shimi實(shí)際上是一個(gè)擴(kuò)充基座，它的“大腦”由安卓手機(jī)控制。一旦連接上，機(jī)器人便從用戶的移動(dòng)裝置獲得傳感和音樂生成能力。換言之，只要有應(yīng)用程序，機(jī)器人便能使用。例如，通過手機(jī)的照相機(jī)和辨認(rèn)臉型的軟件，Shimi就能在房間周圍跟蹤到聽眾，然后安置好它的“耳朵”或揚(yáng)聲器，以確保輸送最佳聲音。另外一種識(shí)別特征是基于節(jié)奏和速度。如果用戶打出某個(gè)（音樂）拍子，Shimi會(huì)對此進(jìn)行分析，然后瀏覽手機(jī)的音樂庫，并立即演奏最符合要求的音樂。一旦音樂響起來，Shimi就隨韻律起舞。

“許多人認(rèn)為機(jī)器人受到程序指令的限制，而Shiini給我們展示了機(jī)器人可以具有創(chuàng)造力和與人交互的能力?！币魳芳夹g(shù)博士研究生Mason Bretan如是說。正在研發(fā)中的程序?qū)⑹褂脩裟軠贤ㄟ^搖頭或擺手表示不同意，來提醒Shimi跳到下一首歌或增減音量。機(jī)器人還可根據(jù)用戶對歌曲的選擇推薦新音樂，并對音樂播放列表提供反饋。

Weinberg希望其他研發(fā)者會(huì)因此獲得靈感，開發(fā)更多的應(yīng)用程序，來擴(kuò)展Shimi的創(chuàng)新和交互功能。他說：“我認(rèn)為我們中心正在引領(lǐng)這場將更多機(jī)器人應(yīng)用到家庭中去的變革?！?Weinberg正在通過獲得佐治亞理工學(xué)院的獨(dú)家授權(quán)來對Shimi進(jìn)行商業(yè)推廣。Weinberg希望到2013年的節(jié)日季消費(fèi)者可購買到Shimi。Weinberg說：“如果機(jī)器人進(jìn)入家庭，我們認(rèn)為就應(yīng)該是這種類型的機(jī)器人：小巧、令人愉快和有趣，它們能提高我們的生活質(zhì)量，為更多智能服務(wù)型機(jī)器人進(jìn)人我們的生活做好準(zhǔn)備。

第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme Deep

Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet． Yet，just a small fraction of the undcrwaler world has been uxplored． Now，Scientists at the Woods Hole1 Oceanographic Institution(WHOI)in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle hat will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters(21,320 feet)．The new machine，known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle(HOV)，will replace another one named Alvin2 which bas an amazing

record of discovery，playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions．Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters(14,784 feet)．It’s about time for an upgrade，WHOI researchers say．

Alvin was launched in 1964．Since then，Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year，says Daniel Fornari，a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI．During its lifetime，Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives． A newer，better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises ahout a world that is still full of mysteries，F(xiàn)ornari says．It might also make the job of exploration a little easier．“We take so much for granted on land,” Fornari says．“We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are． We can see colors，special arrangements．”

Size-wise，the new HOV will be similar to Alvin．It’ll be about 37 feet long．The setting area inside will be a small sphere，about 8 feet wide，like Alvin，it’ll carry a pilot and two passengers．It will be just as maneuverable．In most other ways，it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view，for one thing．Alvin has only three windows，the new vehicle will have five，with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing．

Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second，and its maximum speed is 2 knots(about 2．3 miles per hour)，while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second．It’ll reach speeds of 3 knots，or 3．5 miles per hour． 詞匯：

fraction/5frAkFEn/n．一部分 dive/daiv/v．＆ n．潛水；跳水

underwater/5QndE5wC:tE(r)/adj． bound/baund /adj．受約束的，一定的 水下的；adv．在水下

sphere/sfiE(r)/n．球體；范圍 manned/5mAnd/adj．載人的

maneuverable/mE5nu:vErEbl/adj． undersea/5QndEsi:/ adj．海底的，機(jī)動(dòng)的，可調(diào)動(dòng)的 submersible/sQb5mE:sEbl/n．潛艇；潛水器

overlap /5EuvE5lAp/v．＆ n．重疊 upgrade/5Qp^reid/n．升級(jí) ascend/E5send/ v．上升 geologist/dVi5ClEdVist/n．地質(zhì)學(xué)家 注釋： 1． Woods Hole：美國馬薩諸塞州的一個(gè)漁村，但同時(shí)擁有許多重要研究機(jī)構(gòu)，如：the Marine Biological Laboratory，the Sea Education Association以及the Woods Hole Oceanographic lnstitution。

2． Alvin：世界上第一個(gè)深海潛水器，它最有名的深海探測包括1986年對泰坦尼克號(hào)殘骸的測量工作。練習(xí)：

1． What is Alvin?

A A research institute． B A transporting vehicle． C A submersible． D A scientist．

2． Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin? A It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters．

B It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions C It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century． D It has been used for more than 40 years．

3． “．．．a(chǎn) world that is still full of mysteries” refers to A the earth． B out space． C the ocean． D Mars．

4． In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar? A Size． B Speed． C Capacity． D Shape．

5． In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different? A Offering better views． B Speed． C Size．

D Both A and B．

答案與題解：

1． C 短文第一段的第四、第五句提供了答案

2． A 文章第一段從第三句開始說，科學(xué)家正在研制一艘可將研究人員帶到6 500米深處的潛水裝置，而它將替代Alvin，因?yàn)锳lvin只能潛到4 500米深處。A不是事實(shí)，所以是正確選擇。

3． C 本文討論探索海底世界的潛水裝置，所以“充滿神秘色彩的世界”指的就是海洋。4． D 第三段的頭三個(gè)句子告訴我們，HOV和Alvin在體積上和容量上相似。所以D是正確選擇。

5． D 第三段最后兩句告訴我們，Alvin只有三個(gè)窗戶，而HOV有五個(gè)。最后一段告訴我們，兩艘潛水裝置的上下活動(dòng)速度和行進(jìn)速度有所差別。所以D是正確選擇。譯文： 深海探索器

海洋覆蓋了我們地球三分之二的面積，但被開發(fā)的地下水卻只有很小一部分。目前，馬薩諸塞木洞海洋研究所的科學(xué)家們正在開發(fā)一種能載探索家們深入水下6 500米(21 320英尺)的水下交通丁具。作為一種載人潛艇或人T操作丁具，這種新的機(jī)器將替代世界上第一個(gè)深海潛水器Alvin。Azui”潛水器已經(jīng)保持了驚人的紀(jì)錄，在各種重要的深海考察中發(fā)揮著重要作用。Alvin潛水器已經(jīng)運(yùn)行了40年，但它只能深人水下4 500米(14 784英尺)。術(shù)洞海洋協(xié)會(huì)的研究家們說，潛水下具陔升級(jí)了。

Alvin潛水器下水始于1964年。海洋地質(zhì)學(xué)家兼木洞海洋學(xué)研究所深海探索協(xié)會(huì)主任Daniel其不意Fornari說，自1 964年后，Alvin潛水器每年運(yùn)行200～250天。在整個(gè)航程巾，它載12 000人進(jìn)行過3 000多次潛水。

Fornari說，新式的Aluin潛水器必將揭示這個(gè)依舊充滿神秘的水下世界的許多奇妙之處。它也可能會(huì)使水下探索更容易些。Fornari說：“我們在陸上把許多東兩想當(dāng)然，我們會(huì)四處行走，用我們的雙眼看周同的東兩的大小。我們會(huì)看到各種顏色，各種特殊的布置。”

這種新的人工操作機(jī)器與Aluin潛水器很相似，大小適中。長約37英，里面環(huán)境將是個(gè)小球體，約8英尺寬。和Azum一樣，它將載一名宇航員和兩名乘客?？蓽Y動(dòng)。其他方面。它將使乘客有更多機(jī)會(huì)欣賞風(fēng)景，閃為舊式Aluin潛水器只有三個(gè)窗，“，新式的將有五個(gè)窗戶，其中有很多折疊，乘客和宇航員可以看見相同的事物。

舊式Aluin抽潛水器可以每秒上下30米．最快時(shí)速是2節(jié)(約2．3英里／小時(shí))；衙新式潛水器將能每秒上下44米，它最快時(shí)速將達(dá)到3節(jié)(3．5英曜/小時(shí))。

第十八篇Thirst for Oil

Worldwide every day, we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil.Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun.In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet’s surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year, we just need to find an efficient way to use it.So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at.But as supplies dwindle, this will change, and we will need to cure our addiction to oil.Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution, when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice.Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one quarter of our energy needs, but its use has been declining since we started pumping up oil.Coal is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel, but could make a comeback, as supplies are still plentiful: its reserves are five times larger than oil’s.Today petroleum, a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol, diesel oil and various other chemical substances, provides around 40% of the world’s energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles.The US consumes n quarter of all oil, and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.The majority of oil comes from the Middle East, which has half of known reserves.But other significant sources include Russia, North America, Norway, Venezuela and the North Sea.Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge1 could be a major new US source, to reduce reliance on foreign imports.Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years, though opinions and estimates vary.We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades, when

demand exceeds supply.As conventional reserves become more difficult to access, others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead.Petrol could also be obtained from coal.Since we started using fossil fuels, we have released 400 billion tonnes2 of carbon, and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 130 C.Among other horrors, this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and the melting of all Arctic ice.注釋:

1.Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge:美國阿拉斯加北極國家野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)。2001年，美國眾議院通過了一項(xiàng)基于布什提出的在那里進(jìn)行石油開采的議案。該議案遭到環(huán)境保護(hù)主義組織的反對。因此，目前在該區(qū)禁止開采石油。

2.tonne:公噸(= 1,000公斤〉。不同于 ton。ton:在美國等于二千磅(=0.907公噸)，所以稱作 short ton:短噸。練習(xí): 1.“… we will need to cure our addiction to oil.”Why does the author say so? A Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun.B Oil supply is increasing all the time.C Demand for oil is increasing all the time.D Oil supply is decreasing.2.Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the author, according to the second paragraph?

A Wood was the fuel of choice before coal.B The use of coal is declining.C Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil.D Coal reserves are plentiful and will be likely to become the major fuel of choice.3.Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum? A The United States.B Russia.C Norway.D Venezuela.4.What do experts say about the earth’s fuel reserves?

A The earth’s fuel reserves will be accessible for the next 50 years.B There will soon be an energy crisis.C Conventional reserves will soon become inaccessible.D Fuel demand will decline.5.What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph? A Rainforests will be destroyed.B Arctic ice will be melted.C The earth’s temperature will be raised.D The sea level will go up.答案與題解 : 1.D 答案在第一段昀后一句中。這里的 supplies指 oil supplies。

2.C短文的第二段告訴我們，木材曾經(jīng)是主要燃料來源，然后被煤所替代；自人們開始采油后，對煤的需求下降了，但因?yàn)槊降膬?chǔ)量遠(yuǎn)大于石油，它可能又會(huì)成為主要燃料，盡管它對環(huán)境昀具破壞力。所以 A、B、D均是作者的意思，而 C不是。next to oil除石油以外。

3.A文章的第三段說，美國消耗全世界四分之一的石油。

4.B答案在第五段第二句中。該段第一句說，地球上的燃料儲(chǔ)量將在 50年內(nèi)耗盡，所以 A不是正確選擇；第三句的意思是，常規(guī)燃料的獲取將變得困難，而不是不可獲得，所以 C也不是正確選擇； D明顯不是作者的意思。

5.D 選項(xiàng) A、B、C都是昀后一段中所表達(dá)的意思。所以 D是正確選擇。

譯文： 石油匱乏

全世界每天都要消耗相當(dāng)于億桶石油的能源。地球上的大部分能源來自于太陽。事實(shí)上，每分鐘到達(dá)地球表層的來自于太陽的能源就足已滿足我們一整年的需求，我們只是需要有效地加以利用而已。到目前為止，石油一直是一種較便宜、易獲得的能源。但當(dāng)供應(yīng)縮減時(shí)，情況就會(huì)改變，我們就不能像現(xiàn)在這樣不加節(jié)制地消耗石油了。

在蒸汽工業(yè)命時(shí)代，高能煤成為首選燃料之前，燃木能滿足大部分能源需求?，F(xiàn)在，煤仍然大量地運(yùn)用于發(fā)電站，滿足我們四分之一的能源需求。但自從我們開始大量開采石油后，煤的使用就已經(jīng)在逐漸衰退。煤是使用效率最低、最不健康、最不環(huán)保的化石燃料，但因其供應(yīng)充足——煤的儲(chǔ)量是石油的6倍，煤的使用量又有所回升。

今天，石油作為一種從地表層挖掘出，用于生產(chǎn)汽油、柴油和其他各種化學(xué)物質(zhì)的礦物油，供應(yīng)著大約40%的世界能源需求，其中大部分用于供給機(jī)動(dòng)車輛；美國消耗著世界四分之一的石油，同時(shí)排放出大約全球1/4的溫室氣體。

大部分的石油來自中東，牛東擁有50％的世界已勘探石油儲(chǔ)存量。其他的石油產(chǎn)地包括俄羅斯、北美、挪威、委內(nèi)瑞拉和北海。阿拉斯加北極國家野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)最新成為美國能源的又一主要供應(yīng)地，減少了美國對國外進(jìn)口石油的依賴。

盡管意見和評(píng)價(jià)各有不同，但大多數(shù)專家預(yù)測人類將在50年之內(nèi)輕而易舉地耗盡現(xiàn)行的所有儲(chǔ)備石油。未來的幾十年，當(dāng)供不應(yīng)求時(shí)我們會(huì)很快陷入能源危機(jī)。當(dāng)常規(guī)能源不容易獲得時(shí)，代之使用的可能是諸如油頁巖和瀝青砂等能源。石油也可從煤中提煉獲得。

自從我們開始使用化石燃料，我們已經(jīng)釋放出4000億噸碳。當(dāng)化石燃料全部用完時(shí)，世界溫度將上升13攝氏度。更恐怖的是，這將會(huì)導(dǎo)致所有熱帶雨林的破壞和北極冰的溶解。

第二十七篇Driven to Distraction

Joe Coyne slides into the driver’s eat, starts up the car and heads to town.The empty stretch of interstate gives way to urban congestion, and Coyne hits the brakes as a pedestrian suddenly crosses the street in front of him.But even if he hadn’t stopped in time, the woman would have been safe.She isn’t real.Neither is the town.And Coyne isn’t really driving.Coyne is demonstrating a computerized driving simulator that is helping researchers at Old Dominion University(ODU)examine how in-vehicle guidance systems affect the person behind the wheel.The researchers want to know if such systems, which give audible or written directions, are too distracting—or whether any distractions are offset by the benefits drivers get from having help finding their way in unfamiliar locations.“We’re looking at the performance and mental workload of drivers,” said Caryl Baldwin, the assistant psychology professor leading the research, which involves measuring drivers’ reaction time and brain activity as they respond to auditory and visual cues.The researchers just completed a study of the mental workload involved in driving through different kinds of environments and heavy vs.light traffic.Preliminary results show that as people “get into more challenging driving situations, they don’t have any extra mental energy to respond to something else in the environment,” Baldwin said.But the tradeoffs could be worth it, she said.This next step is to test different ways of giving drivers navigational information and how those methods change the drivers’ mental workload.“Is it best if they see a picture…that shows their position, a map kind of display?” Baldwin said.“Is it best if they hear it?” navigational systems now on the market give point-by-point directions that follow a prescribed route.“They’re very unforgiving,” Baldwin said.“If you miss a turn, they can almost seem to get angry.”

That style of directions also can be frustrating for people who prefer more general instructions.But such broad directions can confuse drivers who prefer route directions, Baldwin said.Perhaps manufacturers should allow drivers to choose the style of directions they want, or modify systems to present some information in a way that makes sense for people who prefer the survey style, she said.Interestingly, other research has shown that about 60 percent of men prefer the survey style, while 60 percent women prefer the route style, Baldwin said.This explains the classic little thing of why men don’t like to stop and ask for directions and women do, Baldwin added.練習(xí)：

1.Which statement is true of the description in the first two paragraphs? A.If Coyne had stopped the car in time, he wouldn’t have hit the woman.B.The woman would have been knocked over, if Coyne had followed the traffic regulations.C.Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the woman.D.If the woman had not crossed the street suddenly, Coyne would not have hit her.2.What do researchers want to find out, according to the third and fourth paragraphs? A.Whether or not audible or written directions are distracting.B.how long it will take the driver to respond to auditory and visual stimuli.C.How the driver perform under certain metal workload.D.All of the above.3.What are the preliminary results given in the fifth paragraph? A.Drivers are afraid of getting into challenging driving situations.B.In challenging driving situations, drivers still have extra energy to handle other things.C.In challenging driving situations, drivers do not have any additional mental energy to deal with something else.D.Drivers’ mental load remains unchanged under different situations.4.The sixth paragraph mainly state that the researchers.A.is designing a visual navigational information system.B.is designing an audio navigational information system.C.is designing an audio-visual navigational information system.D.want to determine the best ways of giving navigational information system.5.What kind of directions do men and women prefer?

A.Women prefer more general directions and men prefer route directions.B.Men prefer more general directions and women prefer route direction.C.Both men and women prefer general directions.D.Both men and women prefer route directions.答案與解釋 : 1.C 根據(jù)第一段和第二段的內(nèi)容，讀者可以知道，這不是 Coyne真實(shí)的駕車經(jīng)歷。第二段的第一句是虛擬語氣，意思是即使他沒有及時(shí)剎車，那位婦女也是安全的。因此 A、B和 D都不符合句意。

2.D 第三段告訴我們，研究者要了解什么樣的駕車指南會(huì)使回車者分心。第四段告訴我們，他們要研究駕車者在駕駛中的精神負(fù)荷，測試駕車者對聲音和圖像的反應(yīng)，包括反映時(shí)間和大腦活動(dòng)。所以，D是正確選項(xiàng)。

3.C第五段昀后一句提供了答案。

4.D 根據(jù)本段第一句可以得知答案。

5.B 文章的昀后四段討論駕車指南的兩種類型：第九段使用的兩個(gè)表達(dá)是： general instructions和 route directions 即是第八段中的 point-by-point directions that follow a prescribed route；第十段和第十一段使用的表達(dá)是：survey style 和 route style。因此，general instructions或 general directions指的是一種傳遞總體信息的駕車指南，point-by-point directions和 route style是一種傳遞具體路線信息的駕車指南。根據(jù)昀后一段的描述，大多數(shù)男士偏向于 general directions，而女士則偏向于 point-by-point directions，即 route style。

譯文：

分散注意力駕駛

JoeCoyne滑進(jìn)駕駛室，發(fā)動(dòng)汽車朝城里開去?？帐幨幍哪嵌沃蓦H公路結(jié)束了，進(jìn)入到擁塞的城市。這時(shí)，一個(gè)行人突然從Coyne的車前穿過，他急忙緊急剎車。

但是，就算Coyne來不及剎車，那個(gè)婦女也不會(huì)有事兒。因?yàn)?，她是一個(gè)假人。整座城市也是假的。Coyne并不是真的在開車。他只是在演示一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)操控的駕駛模擬器，幫助OldDominion大學(xué)的研究者們檢測車內(nèi)導(dǎo)向系統(tǒng)如何影響開車人。

研究者們希望了解駕駛員在陌生環(huán)境里從這一系統(tǒng)提供的那些語音或書面的說明中得到的導(dǎo)路指南等益處是否抵消了這些東西引起的注意力不集中的問題。

主持研究的心理學(xué)副教授CarylBaldwin說：“我們一直關(guān)注著駕駛員的表現(xiàn)和精神負(fù)荷”這包括駕駛員在對聽覺和視覺提示做出反應(yīng)時(shí)的反應(yīng)時(shí)間和大腦活動(dòng)。

研究人員剛剛完成了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于在不同環(huán)境中，如交通暢通或交通擁擠時(shí)駕駛員精神負(fù)

荷的調(diào)查。Baldwin說，初步的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示人們“在更富有挑戰(zhàn)性的環(huán)境中駕駛時(shí)，并不會(huì)對周圍環(huán)境的變化做出更大的反應(yīng)?！?/p>

她說，兩種提示的交替使用還是有效的。下一步，他們將測試為駕駛員提供導(dǎo)向信息的不同方法以及這些方法如何改變駕駛員的精神負(fù)荷。

Baldwin說：“是給駕駛員看類似地圖那樣的顯示圖片好，還是讓他們聽到指示信息好呢？”

現(xiàn)在市場上的導(dǎo)向系統(tǒng)會(huì)給出點(diǎn)對點(diǎn)的方向信息，同時(shí)還會(huì)提供預(yù)定的路線。Baldwin說：“這些系統(tǒng)通常不會(huì)原諒人的錯(cuò)誤。如果駕駛員錯(cuò)過了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變，它們就會(huì)變得非常生氣?！?/p>

這種提供方向信息的方式通常會(huì)使更喜歡籠統(tǒng)信息的駕駛員產(chǎn)生一種受挫感。Baldwin說，籠統(tǒng)的信息卻會(huì)使更喜歡線路批示的駕駛員感到困惑。

她說，也許，是系統(tǒng)制造商們應(yīng)該允許駕駛員能夠選擇自己喜歡的指示方式，或者使系統(tǒng)能夠?yàn)楦矚g調(diào)查信息方式的駕駛員提供有用的信息。

有意思的是，其他研究者表示60%的男性更喜歡這種提供調(diào)查信息的導(dǎo)向系統(tǒng)，而60%的女性則更喜歡線路指示系統(tǒng)。Baldwin說，這也就可以解釋那個(gè)為什么女人喜歡下車問路，而男人卻不的經(jīng)典例子。

第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine

A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning what's happening in their brains.When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain.Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send.Cells in your brain called neurons are responsible for this processing.The fMRI(functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)2 brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at.Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen.Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume.The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region.And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize3 which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood--and therefore, which parts are working to process information.An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain.The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading.By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images.The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits.The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers' brain activity with each photograph they looked at.Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers' brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity.The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see.In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures.Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image.This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image.For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.詞匯：

scan v.&n.掃描 visualize v.使可見；設(shè)想

neuron n.神經(jīng)元

注釋:

1.Mind-reading: 能讀出(猜出)人的想法的。mind-read: 可做動(dòng)詞，如，As a successful salesman, he is able to mind-read his customers.2.FMRI(functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging): 功能性磁振造影。這是一種新興的神經(jīng)影像學(xué)方式，其原理是利用磁振造影來測量神經(jīng)元活動(dòng)所引發(fā)之血液動(dòng)力的改變。

3.visualize: 意為make(something)visible to the eye，即“使可見，使顯現(xiàn)”。

練習(xí):

1.What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes? A）A small region of the brain.B）The central part of the brain.C）Neurons in the brain.D）Oxygen-rich blood.2.Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer? A）Ceils in your brain are called neurons.B）The more oxygen a neuron consumes, the more blood it needs.C）FMRI helps scientists to discover which parts of the brain process information.D）fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.3.“Highlighting the areas of the brain at work” means

A）“marking the parts of the brain that are processing information”

B）“giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing information” C）“putting the parts of the brain to work”

D）“stopping the parts of the brain from working”

4.What did the researchers experiment on? A）Animals, objects, and fruits.B）Two volunteers.C）fMRI machines.D）Thousands of pictures.5.Which of the following can be the best replacement of the tide? A）The Recent Development in Science and Technology.B）Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned.C）A Technological Dream.D）A Device that can Help You Calculate.答案與題解：

1.C 文章第二段的最后兩個(gè)句子提供了答案。Cells in your brain called neurons are responsible for this processin9．這里的processin9指的就是上句中的內(nèi)容。

2.D 的電容文章中沒有出現(xiàn)。A的內(nèi)容在第二段可找到。B的內(nèi)容在第二段可找到。C的內(nèi)容在第五段可找到。

3.A highlight：使…顯得突出，標(biāo)出。at work：正在工作的。這里指正在處理信息的(大腦區(qū)域)。

4.B答案在文章的第六段中可以找到。實(shí)驗(yàn)者讓兩個(gè)自愿受試者觀看許多照片，并用fMRI對設(shè)備測試他們的大腦在這一過程中的活動(dòng)。

5．B

A論述的范圍太大。fMR技術(shù)已不再是夢想，所以C也不是正確選擇。D所述內(nèi)容與文章完全不符。B符合文章內(nèi)容，是最佳選擇。

譯文：

讀心機(jī)

一個(gè)加州的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)了一種可以通過掃描人體大腦所發(fā)生的變化從而預(yù)測出這個(gè)人正在看一些什么樣的物體的方法。

當(dāng)你注視一些物體時(shí)，你的眼睛會(huì)發(fā)送一個(gè)關(guān)于該物體的信號(hào)到你的大腦中。大腦的不同區(qū)域處理眼睛發(fā)送的這些信號(hào)。大腦中負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)過程的細(xì)胞叫做神經(jīng)元。

FMBI(功能性磁振造影)腦掃描可以大體地比較大腦中人們對所觀察物體基本形狀的電運(yùn)動(dòng)。

像身體中其他地方的細(xì)胞一樣，活躍的神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞也需要氧氣。血液為神經(jīng)元提供氧氣，神經(jīng)元越活躍，對氧氣量的需求越大。大腦中越是活躍的區(qū)域，它的神經(jīng)元也就越活躍，為此，更多的血液會(huì)流經(jīng)這一區(qū)域。那么通過使用FMBI，科學(xué)家可以使大腦中接收相對多的富氧血液的部分可視化。因此，可視化的部分就是處理信息的部分

FMRI機(jī)是一種可以掃描大腦和測量流向大腦的血液變化的設(shè)備。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)為研究者顯示，當(dāng)人們思考觀察進(jìn)行像說話閱讀這樣的活動(dòng)時(shí)，大腦運(yùn)動(dòng)的變化。通過突出顯示人們觀

看不同圖像時(shí)頭腦工作的區(qū)域，F(xiàn)MRI可以幫助科學(xué)家們確定與不同圖像相關(guān)的大腦活動(dòng)的具體形式。

加州的研究者讓兩個(gè)志愿者觀察數(shù)百個(gè)諸如人、動(dòng)物和水果這樣的日常事物。他們用這樣方式來測試大腦的活動(dòng)?？茖W(xué)家使用FMRI機(jī)來記錄志愿者看每一張圖片時(shí)大腦的活動(dòng)。顯示這一活動(dòng)時(shí)，不同物體會(huì)使志愿者大腦的不同區(qū)域在掃描時(shí)亮度增加?？茖W(xué)家利用此信息來建立一種模式去預(yù)測大腦對所看到事物可能如何反映。

在第二個(gè)測試中，科學(xué)家讓志愿者看120個(gè)新圖像。和以前一樣，他們每看一張新圖像時(shí)大腦都被掃描一次。這次，科學(xué)家用他們的模式來比較FMRI掃描的圖像。例如，如果圖像在第二次測試顯示相同的形式的大腦活動(dòng)，同時(shí)，該腦活動(dòng)與在第一次測試中蘋果圖片有大關(guān)聯(lián)，那么這個(gè)模式可能會(huì)預(yù)測出志愿者們正在看一些蘋果。

第二篇：2013職稱英語理工B新增題整理(押題)

Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety

In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the University of Chicagol1 Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.練習(xí)：

1.What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph? D Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2.What is implied in the third paragraph?

B A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.3.According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt C uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.4.The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings

A prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.5.David Geary thinks that

B the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of

charge

so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London

suggest

in a newstudy．

Statins reduce the

amount

of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood.A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack

risk

.In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is

enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from

eating

a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．

Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the

unhealthy

effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your

possibility

of having a heart attack.Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same

degree

as a fast food meal increases it.” “It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they

like

, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed.It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided

free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per

customer

一not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take

measures

that lower their risk, 1ike

wearing

a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.Taking a statin is a rational way of

lowering

some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．

快餐銷售點(diǎn)為了減少油脂食物對心臟疾病的危險(xiǎn)，可以免費(fèi)提供降膽固醇類藥物.倫敦大學(xué)帝國理工學(xué)院的研究者在一個(gè)新的研究中建議到。降膽固醇類藥物減少了血液中低密度脂蛋白膽固醇。很多的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)已證明它們對降低一個(gè)人的心臟病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有非常好的效果。

美國心臟病學(xué)期刊中出版了一篇論文，Darrel Francis博士和同事們計(jì)算出一顆降膽固醇類藥物降低心臟病突發(fā)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)足以抵抗吃一個(gè)芝士漢堡和喝一杯奶昔。

來自倫敦帝國學(xué)院國家心肺研究所的Francis博士，即這個(gè)研究的資深作者說道：“降膽固醇類藥物不能抵消芝士漢堡和法式炸薯?xiàng)l所帶來所有的不健康影響。總而言之，最好是避免油脂類食物。但是我們已經(jīng)算出你得心臟病發(fā)作的可能性。服用一片降膽固醇類藥物可以或多或少在同樣程度上減少你因一頓快餐而引起的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！薄爸S刺的是人們免費(fèi)在快餐銷售點(diǎn)吃到許多他們喜歡的不健康調(diào)味品，而對心臟健康有益的降膽固醇類藥物卻是要開處方的。所以他們提供免費(fèi)的降膽固醇類藥物是和提供不健康調(diào)味品一樣可行的。每個(gè)顧客的花費(fèi)低于五便士——無異于一小袋糖的價(jià)格?！盕rancis博士說道。

當(dāng)人們進(jìn)行像喝酒或抽煙之類有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性的舉動(dòng)時(shí)，他們知道衡量如何降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，正如平時(shí)系上安全帶或選擇過濾煙一樣。服用一個(gè)降膽固醇類藥物就是吃一頓油脂食物降低一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的合理方法。Computers

Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shop At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.答案：16.A 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.B 21.C One thing that managers do not have to understand is how computers work.In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.Computerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.Kidney Disease and Heart Disease Spur Each Other

Hearts and kidneys: If one’s diseased, better keep a close eye on1 the other.Surprising new research shows kidney disease somehow speeds up heart disease well before it has ravaged the kidneys.And perhaps not so surprising, doctors have finally proven that heart disease can trigger kidney destruction, too.1.How can one learn earlier whether he or she suffer simmering kidney disease

B By urine and blood tests.2.How many Americans suffer chronic kidney disease according to an estimation?

A 1,9,000,000

3.How many Americans suffered end-stage kidney failure and required dialysis or a transplant to survive twenty years ago according to an estimation?

D 100,000.4.What did the Archives of Internal Medicine call for doctors caring for heart patients to do?

D To start rigorously checking out their patients' kidneys.5.Which of the following is NOT one of the three markers of kidney function?

B Levels of the white blood cells in the blood.“Life Form Found” on Saturn's Titan

Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1 on the Saturn's moon2.The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space 1.What have scientists found about Saturn?

C They have found methane-based life on Titan.2.What do scientists say about Titan?

A There are life clues there.3.To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What does“this form of life” refer to?

B Methane-based life.4.What can be inferred from what Allen said?

A Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.5.Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?

D A different Life Form, a Possibility.When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach 1.What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find?

C Hungry people are more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people.2.Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment?

B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees, hungry and non-hungry.3.What does the writer want to tell us?

C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs.4.What did the results of the experiment indicate?

A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive.5.What can we infer from the passage?

D Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes.Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience

1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs?

B Shimi is the creator of the musical companion.2.What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat?

D It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with that beat.3.Which of the following about Shimi is true?

D Shimi can be creative and interactive.4.What does the author want to tell us?

A The research center is developing a stronger and more versatile Shimi.5.Which of the following is Weinberg’s assertion?

B human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes.

第三篇：2014職稱英語押題 理工B 完型填空

完型填空：

第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights Loneliness Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries, ____1____ according to a study inPsychological Science, they’re good for your heart and____2____.“comfort food1 ” and how it makes people feel.“For me____3____, food has always played a big role in my family”, says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student2 at the University of Buffalo3，and lead author4 on the study.The study came out of the research program of his co-author Shira Gabriel.It has____4____ non-human things that may affect human emotions.Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their____5____ TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones.Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect____6____ making people think of their nearest and dearest5.In one experiment, in order to make____7____ feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them.Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment.Then, some people in each____8____ wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food.____9____ the researchers had participants____10____ questions about their levels of loneliness6.Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely.But people who were generally____11____ in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food.“We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us,” says Troisi.u Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others.” In ____12____ essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the____13____ of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment,____14____ chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if7 they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food.This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.Throughout everyone’s daily lives8 they experience stress, often associated with our ____15____ with others, “Troisi says.‘‘Comfort food can be an easy remedy for loneliness.詞匯：

mashed / m??t / adj．被搗成糊漿的 macaroni / ,m?k?'r??n? / n．通心粉 cheese / t?i?z / n．奶酪 artery / 'ɑ?t?r? / n．動(dòng)脈

assignment / ?'sa?nm?nt / n．指定作業(yè)

reminder / r?ma?nd? / n．起提醒作用的東西 remedy / rem?d? / n．治療方法，藥物 virtual / v??tj??l / adj．虛擬的

注釋：

1．comfort food：爽心食品 2．graduate student：研究生

3．The University of Buffalo：布法羅大學(xué)，建校于1846年，位于水牛城（Buffalo City），屬于紐約州立大學(xué)，因此稱為紐約州立大學(xué)水牛城分校。4．lead author：首席作者

5．their nearest and dearest：他們最接近和最親愛的人 6．levels of loneliness：孤獨(dú)程度 7．only if：只有（在……情況下）

8．Throughout everyone’s daily lives：在每一個(gè)人的日常生活中。through有“貫穿”的意思。練習(xí)：

1．A but B if C though D while 2．A personality B movement C emotions D will 3．A privately B usefully C awfully D personally 4．A looked for B looked at C looked after D looked up 5．A favorite B trustful C boring D annoying 6．A with B on C by D at 7．A professors B participants C assistants D scientists 8．A group B class C section D part 9．A Previously B Formally C Initially D Finally 10．A remember B explain C rewrite D complete 11．A sad B secure C shy D angry 12．A your B our C his D their 13．A accident B harm C experience D model 14．A eating B exchanging C buying D keeping 15．A expressions B estimation C cooperation D connections 答案與題解：

1．A 本句前半句說土豆泥、通心粉等對血管有害（bad），后半句說這些食物對心臟有利（good）。很明顯，前半句與后半句意思相反，所以要選轉(zhuǎn)折連接詞but加以連接。

2．C 根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷，吃土豆泥不會(huì)對personality（性格）movement（移動(dòng)）或will（意志力）產(chǎn)生有利影響。隨后的文章，多處提到吃爽心食品（comfort food）有助于排解孤獨(dú)感。所以，選emotions是正確的。

3．D 本題的答案是personally。For me personally（就我個(gè)人而言）與下文的意思很連貫。privately（私下地）、usefully（有用地）或awftilly（可怕地）與下文的意思搭不上，所以不會(huì)是答案。

4．B 本題的答案是looked at?！發(fā)ooked at non-human things”相當(dāng)于“studied（研究）non-human things”，與上下文的意思很匹配。looked for（尋找）、looked after（照顧）和looked up（查找）與下文的意思搭配不上。

5．A 本句的意思是：人們?yōu)榱伺沤夤陋?dú)感，常常把自己和電視劇、流行歌曲歌手等等聯(lián)系起來。選項(xiàng)中有四個(gè)形容詞，應(yīng)該選哪一個(gè)形容詞去修飾TV shows呢？應(yīng)該選褒義的形容詞：favorite（喜愛的）或trustful（可信任的）。但對電視劇來說談不上信任的問題。favorite最合理，是本題答案。

6．C 上一句說到，人們?yōu)榱伺沤夤陋?dú)感，常常把自己和喜愛的電視劇、流行歌曲歌手等聯(lián)系起來。于是Troisi和Gabriel想，通過吃爽心食品讓他們想起親近的人，是不是也能產(chǎn)生同樣的排解孤獨(dú)感的效果呢？四個(gè)介詞中只有by的詞義是“通過”。其余三個(gè)介詞在詞義上都不合適。

7．B 選professors（教授）、assistants（助手）或scientists（科學(xué)家）不合常理，科學(xué)家選實(shí)驗(yàn)對象時(shí)不會(huì)選他們。participants（參與者）是本題的答案。

8．A 本題應(yīng)該選group，備每一組的參與者。用class（班級(jí)）、section（部門）或part（部分）在意義上顯然都不合適。

9．D 本段敘述試驗(yàn)的幾個(gè)步驟。第一步要一部分受試者描寫與親人的爭斗，其他受試者寫情感上中性的話題。第二步（文中用then加以連接）將上述兩組受試者中的每一組再一分為二，一些人描寫吃爽心食品的經(jīng)歷，另一些人描寫吃新食品的經(jīng)歷。接下來應(yīng)該是第三步了。從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中尋找，只有Finally最合適，原來第三步就是最后一步了。

10．D 實(shí)驗(yàn)的最后一步是受試者被要求書面回答10個(gè)問題。complete是答案。要求他們r(jià)emember（記住）、delete（刪除）或rewrite（重寫）questions都不合乎邏輯。

11．B 與親近的人爭吵會(huì)引發(fā)孤獨(dú)感，但是，一般來說，人們的關(guān)系若是通常處于什么狀態(tài)，通過寫出他們吃爽心食品的經(jīng)歷會(huì)降低他們的孤獨(dú)感呢？一定不會(huì)是sad，shy或angry，答案應(yīng)該是secure（穩(wěn)定的）。

12．D 修飾essays的所有格代詞在人稱與數(shù)上要與they一致，所以their是答案。

13．C “eating food with family and friends”是一種experience（經(jīng)歷），不會(huì)是一個(gè)accident（事故）、harm（危害）或model（樣式）。很明顯，experience是本題的答案。

14．A 文章中幾次提到吃爽心食品有助于緩解孤獨(dú)感，所以本題選eating是很自然的。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，exchanging（交換）、buying（買）或keeping（保留）若填入句子中，與后面的賓語chicken soup in the lab連用，意思上說不通。

15．D 本題的答案是connections。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)在意思上都不合適。

第九篇Wonder Webs

Spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps.And the world’s best web spinner may be the Golden Orb Weaver spider.The female Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet____1____ enough to snare a flying bird without breaking.The secret of the web’s strength? A type of super-resilient____2____ called dragline.When the female spider is ready to____3____ the web’s spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly.Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along____4____ to spin the web’s trademark spiral.Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a Golden Orb Weaver____5____ her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years1.The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made____6____used in bullet-proof vests.And thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original____7____and snap back as well as new.No human-made fiber even comes____8____.It is no____9____ manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk.In the consumer pipeline: high-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run2.Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables.A steady____10____ of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars — but how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not____11____ because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors.Now, scientists at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline.The____12____ step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders.Next, implant trie genes into goat egg cells.The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their____13____.“The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without____14____ help from us,” says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner.Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process，but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers____15____ the real thing snags bugs.詞匯：

orb / ??b / n．圓狀物 snare / sne?(r)/ v．誘捕 snap / sn?p / v．（網(wǎng)）戳破，迅速彈回 resilient / r?'z?l??nt / adj．彈回的 dragline n．（蜘蛛的）避敵絲 spoke / sp??k / n．輻條 nozzle / 'n?zl / n．噴嘴

trademark / 'tre?dmɑ?k / n．標(biāo)記，特征 spiral / 'spa??r?l / n．螺旋形

handiwork / 'h?nd?w??k / n．手工制品 bullet-proof / 'bulitpru:f / adj．防彈的

tensile / 'tensa?l / adj．可拉長的，張力的 strand / str?nd / n．繩，線之一股

clamor / 'kl?m?(r)/ v．大嚷，強(qiáng)烈要求 pipeline / 'pa?pla?n / n．管道，渠道 stocking / 'st?k?? / n．長襪

parachute / 'p?r??u?t / n．降落傘

territorial / ,ter?'t??r??l / n．領(lǐng)土的，領(lǐng)地的 arthropod / 'ɑ?θr?p?d / n．節(jié)肢動(dòng)物 devour / d?'va?? / v．吞吃 nanny goat 雌山羊

secrete / s?'kri?t / v．分泌 snag / sn?g / v．抓住

注釋：

1．sometimes not for two years：相當(dāng)于sometimes it does not fall apart for two years。2．run：（編織物）抽絲 練習(xí)：

1．A tough B soft C large D smooth 2．A cloth B silk C nylon D wool 3．A repair B pull C move D weave 4．A him B her C it D those 5．A refixes B reproduces C remakes D reuses 6．A metal B mass C material D model 7．A bredth B length C height D strength 8．A close B well C open D awake 9．A hurry B worry C wonder D use 10．A shipment B supply C run D exchange 11．A run B go C deal D work 12．A previous B foremost C first D front 13．A milk B meat C lungs D muscle 14．A no B any C some D many 15．A as fast as B as long as C as fully as D as little as 答案與題解：

1．A flying bird飛入蜘蛛網(wǎng)時(shí)有股沖力，網(wǎng)線堅(jiān)韌才能捕捉到它，所以選tough。本句中的without breaking也指示選tough。

2．B 英語中蜘蛛網(wǎng)絲是spider silk。見第三段、第四段分別出現(xiàn)的silky thread和spider silk。

3．D 本句說蜘蛛織網(wǎng)的機(jī)制和過程，所以選weave。而且，這種蜘蛛就叫Golden Orb Weaver。

4．C 從上下文判斷，along之后接的是the dragline,其代詞應(yīng)為it。

5．D 本句說Golden Orb Weaver與某些種類的蜘蛛不同，它不用每天織新網(wǎng)，只要網(wǎng)不破，就能一直使用下去，有時(shí)一用兩年，所以選reuses。

6．C 本句將Golden Orb Weaver蜘蛛網(wǎng)的牢度和張度與防彈衣材料Kevlar對比，說明該蜘蛛網(wǎng)堅(jiān)韌的程度。填入的詞應(yīng)該是Kevlar的同位語，Kevlar是一種材料，所以選material。

7．B 除了上下文的意思要求填length之外，本句中的用詞stretch和longer都指示要用length。

8．A come后面可接形容詞。come close意為“接近”。come well，come open，come awake都能搭配，但意思與上下文不符。

9．C It is no wonder（that）是“不足為奇，十分自然”的意思。只有選wonder意思才連貫。

10．B 從意義上判斷，a steady supply是正確的選擇。shipment（運(yùn)送）、run（運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)）或exchange（交換）的意思與上下文配不上。

11．D 上下文的意思要求用“起作用”這個(gè)詞，英語work在本句的詞義是“起作用”。

12．C 下一句是以next開始的。有next，前面很可能有first之類表次序的詞。

13．A 常識(shí)告訴我們，把dragline silk proteins分泌在milk里，才容易分離出來，所以選meat，lungs或muscle都是不合常理的。

14．B 在without之后要用any，—般不用some。英語不說without no...，many不能修飾help。

15．A 本題只能選as fast as。若選B、C或D，意思與上下文不符。

第六篇Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely

Speeding off1 in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch2.But he is in a nasty3 surprise.The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine____1____ , he will not be able to start it again.For now, such devices____2____ only available for fleets of trucks4 and specialist vehicles used on construction sites.But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars5，and____3____ be available to ordinary cars in the UK____4____ two months.The idea goes like this.A control box fitted to the car incorporates6____5____ miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS7 satellite positioning receiver.____6____ the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine____7____ restarted.There are even plans for immobilizers____8____ shut down vehicles on the move8, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.In the UK, an array of9 technical fixes10 is already making____9____ harder for car thieves.“The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,” says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire11 that is funded in part____10____ the motor insurance industry.He says it would only take him a few minutes to____11____ a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools12.But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are a far tougher proposition13, as their engine management computer will not____12____ them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out14 by the iginition key.In the UK, technologies like this____13____ achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime15 since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars.Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary.In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were

taken by using the owner’s keys, which doubles the previous year’s figure.Remote-controlled immobilization system would____14____ a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless.A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the____15____ expects.詞匯：

immobilizer n.使車輛不能調(diào)動(dòng)的裝置 cellphone n.移動(dòng)電話，手機(jī) ignition n.點(diǎn)火 trickle v.慢慢移動(dòng)

immobilization n.使車輛不能調(diào)動(dòng) burglary n.夜竊行為;盜竊 注釋：

1.speed off：超速駕駛 2.catch：捕獲物，獵獲物

3.nasty：very unpleasant or annoying使人不愉快的;煩人的

4.fleets of trucks：卡車隊(duì)。fleet：a group of vessels or vehicles owned or operated as a unit車隊(duì)

5.trickle down to ordinary cars：慢慢地用到普通汽車上。trickle：to move or proceed slowly or bit by bit慢慢地或一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地移動(dòng)或前進(jìn)

6.incorporate：to cause to merge or combine together into a united whole混合，合并到某一整體中

7.GPS：Global Positioning System全球定位系統(tǒng) 8.vehicles on the move：在行駛中的車輛 9.an array of：一群;一批 10.technical fixes：技術(shù)裝置

11.Berkshire：a county of south-central England貝克郡，位于英格蘭中南部

12.a bare minimum of tools：極少的工具。bare: just sufficient;mere剛剛充足的;僅僅

13.Modern cars are a far tougher proposition：現(xiàn)代車遠(yuǎn)沒有這么簡單(偷盜現(xiàn)代車要困難得多)。proposition: a matter to be dealt with;a task任務(wù)，要處理的事務(wù)。14.beam out：to emit or transmit發(fā)送，傳送

15.drop in vehicle-related crime：涉及車輛犯罪案的下降。drop：decrease下降 練習(xí)：

1.A off

B on

C at

D of 2.A is

B was

C were

D are

3.A can

B have to

C need to

D should 4.A after

B for

C in

D at 5.A the

B /

C a

D an 6.A With

B If

C But

D And 7.A helping

B being

C get

D be 8.A whose

B who

C that

D when 9.A life

B cars

C warning

D problem 10.A about

B to

C by

D on 11.A use

B inform

C ask

D teach

12.A 13.A 14.A 15.A let

B allow

C make

D give hav helped

B helped

C had helped

D was helped speak

B have

C link

D put

lawyer

B doctor

C customer

D specialist 答案與題解：

1.A 該段主要是說，如果車被盜，只要發(fā)出無線電信號(hào)，remote immobilizer就能使被盜車一旦停下就無法再啟動(dòng)。因此，應(yīng)選擇A。如選擇B，switches the engine on(發(fā)動(dòng)引擎)句子意思便不符合文章內(nèi)容。C和D與switch不搭配。

2.D devices是復(fù)數(shù)形式，描述的也是目前的事情，所以應(yīng)使用be的現(xiàn)在時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)形式are。

3.D 該句說，這種遙控技術(shù)很快就會(huì)開始一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地用于普通汽車。然后作者推斷，在兩個(gè)月后這種技術(shù)就能用于英國的汽車。A是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樵摼淝懊嬗昧薱ould表示委婉的推斷，在此不會(huì)用can;B和C與意思不符，should也是表示推斷。

4.C 從搭配上來看，可以選擇B和C，但是從意思上來看，必須選擇C。for two months：已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)月了;in two months：兩個(gè)月后。不能選擇A,因?yàn)椴环嫌⒄Z表達(dá)習(xí)慣。又如：They will graduate in one year.他們一年后畢業(yè)。

5.C 這里應(yīng)該使用不定冠詞，而且miniature cellphone后面的并列定語都使用不定冠詞。不能選擇an，因它后面的名詞由輔音開頭。

6.B 從語法結(jié)構(gòu)來看，這里應(yīng)選擇引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞，其他選項(xiàng)都會(huì)造成結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤。而且，If正符合句子的意思。

7.B prevent sth.(from)doing是固定用法，restart這里要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)being restarted，所以應(yīng)選擇B。

8.C 從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)來看，這里需要一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。關(guān)系代詞的先行詞immobilizers是物不是人，所以只能用that，不能用who。

9.A 在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，B、C和D顯然不符合文章的意思。這里作者要表達(dá)的意思是：使……日子難過，所以應(yīng)選擇A。

10.C be funded是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，空格后面是名詞短語，從句子的意思來判斷，這個(gè)名詞短語是動(dòng)作fund的執(zhí)行者，是謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作邏輯上的主語，所以必須使用by來引導(dǎo)這個(gè)名詞短語。

11.D 這個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)是：to take sb.time to do sth.。從意思上判斷，句子的意思應(yīng)該是：他說只要花幾分鐘就能教會(huì)一個(gè)新手如何偷盜汽車。所以，D是答案。use，inform和ask都不能與how to結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。

12.B them后跟著to，所以首先排除A和C(let sb.do sth.)。句子的意思不允許選D。...will not allow them to start...：……不允許它們啟動(dòng)。

13.A 句子后面的時(shí)間狀語由since引導(dǎo)，所以句子應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

14.D 從obstacle in the criminal’s way這個(gè)名詞短語看出，應(yīng)選擇D，構(gòu)成put obstacle in sb.’s way(給某人設(shè)置障礙)這種固定用法。

15.C 前面有g(shù)o on the market，預(yù)期的人應(yīng)該是customer。當(dāng)然，specialist，doctor或lawyer也可以預(yù)期，但總不及customer那么自然。

譯文：遠(yuǎn)程制止偷車賊

超速駕駛在偷來的汽車?yán)?，偷車賊以為自己大獲全勝。但是他馬上就會(huì)又驚又惱。車上已經(jīng)被裝了遠(yuǎn)程制動(dòng)裝置，一個(gè)幾英里以外的控制中心發(fā)來的無線信號(hào)將確保盜賊一旦啟動(dòng)引擎，他就不能再次發(fā)動(dòng)汽車了。目前，這種裝置只用于卡車隊(duì)或者用于建筑工地的特殊車輛上。但是遠(yuǎn)程制動(dòng)技術(shù)很快就會(huì)逐步應(yīng)用到普通汽車上。并且應(yīng)該在兩個(gè)月之內(nèi)用在英國的普通汽車上。

計(jì)劃是這樣的。把一個(gè)集合有微型無繩電話，微量處理器，存儲(chǔ)器以及全球定位系統(tǒng)的衛(wèi)星接收器的控制盒子安裝在汽車上。如果汽車被盜，一個(gè)被編碼的無繩電話信號(hào)就會(huì)告訴這個(gè)裝置停止車輛引擎控制系統(tǒng)來阻止弓I擎再次被啟動(dòng)。

甚至還有一些人主張計(jì)劃將制動(dòng)裝置裝在運(yùn)行著的車輛上，可是這樣一來人們就會(huì)擔(dān)心這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的安全性。在英國，二系列的技術(shù)裝置已經(jīng)讓盜車賊步履維艱了。瑪丁蘭多來自位于貝克郡的一個(gè)由汽車保險(xiǎn)工業(yè)投資成立的名為撒策姆的安全研究機(jī)構(gòu)，他說，“車輛盜竊的手法已經(jīng)有所改變。”他還聲稱只要是10年以上的汽車，他就能用幾樣簡單的工具在幾分鐘之內(nèi)教會(huì)一個(gè)新手怎樣偷車。

現(xiàn)代車卻遠(yuǎn)沒有這么簡單，因?yàn)樗鼈兊囊婀芾碛?jì)算機(jī)裝置只有接收到一個(gè)獨(dú)一無二的由點(diǎn)火鑰匙發(fā)送過來的身份密碼才可以啟動(dòng)汽車。自1997年以來，在英國，技術(shù)人員已經(jīng)利用此項(xiàng)技術(shù)幫助減少了31%的涉及車輛犯罪案。但是不死心的盜賊們卻還在一直想方設(shè)法偷車。例如很多時(shí)候，他們在夜里盜走主人的汽車鑰匙進(jìn)而偷車。在2000年，英國12%的車輛被盜案是由于主人的鑰匙被盜，這個(gè)數(shù)字比前一年增長了1倍。

遠(yuǎn)程控制的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)給盜賊設(shè)置了一個(gè)全新的障礙。包括撒策姆、公安部門、保險(xiǎn)公司以及安全技術(shù)公司在內(nèi)的一個(gè)群體已經(jīng)為體系開發(fā)出了一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，它們將比顧客所預(yù)期的更早地被推廣到市場上。

第七篇An Intelligent Car

Driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain.Many human drivers have all ____1____ and can control a fast-moving car.But how does an intelligent car control itself?

There is a virtual driver1 in the smart car.This virtual driver1 has “eyes”, “brains”, “hands” and “feet”, too.The minicameras ____2____ each side of the car are his “eyes”, which observe the road conditions ahead of it.They watch the ____3____ to the car’s left and right.There is also a highly ____4____ driving system in the car.It is the built-in computer, which is the virtual driver’s “brain”.His “brain” calculates the speeds of ____5____ moving cars near it and analyzes

their positions.Basing on this information2, it chooses the right ____6____ for the intelligent car, and gives ____7____ to the “hands” and “feet” to act accordingly.In this way, the virtual driver controls his car.What is the virsual driver’s best advantage3? He reacts ____8____.The minicameras are ____9____ images continuously to the “brain.” It ____10____ the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds.However.the world’s best driver ____11____ needs one second to react.____12____, when he takes action, he needs one more second.The virtual driver is really wonderful.He can reduce the accident ____13____ considerably on expressways.In this case, can we let him have the wheel4 at any time and in any place? Experts ____14____ that we cannot do that5 just yet6.His ability to recognize things is still ____15____.He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.詞匯：

coordination n.協(xié)調(diào)，協(xié)同 virtual adj.虛擬的 minicamera n.微型相機(jī) accordingly adv.相應(yīng)地 millisecond n.毫秒 expressway n.高速公路 注釋：

1.virtual driver：虛擬駕駛員

2.Basing on this information：基于這些信息。Basing on this information是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，用作狀語。

3.best advantage：最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

4.have the wheel：掌握方向盤，也就是“駕駛汽車”的意思。

5.that：that替代上一句的“l(fā)et him have the wheel at any time and in any place”。

6.just yet：迄今還。yet意為“迄今還”，常用于否定句中。just修飾yet，起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用。練習(xí)：

1.A these

B them C this

D that 2.A within

B above

C to

D on

3.A police

B traffic

C trucks

D buses 4.A mechanical

B movable

C automatic

D electronic 5.A another

B other

C each other

D one another 6.A line

B lane

C track

D path

7.A space

B locations

C instructions

D time 8.A quickly

B cleverly

C virtually

D safely 9.A bringing

B taking

C sending

D carrying 10.A selects

B completes

C uses

D tests 11.A at least

B at most

C at last

D at best 12.A So

B However

C Besides

D Therefore 13.A count

B amount

C digit

D rate 14.A warn

B suggest

C invite

D check 15.A unknown

B few

C untested

D limited 答案與題解：

1.A 第一句提到的是eyes，ears，brain等，指示代詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式的these，不能選this

或that。選them也不對，因?yàn)閍ll them不符合習(xí)慣用法，正確的說法是all of them。

2.D side前面要求用介詞on。

3.B 選項(xiàng)B中traffic的意思是“流動(dòng)的車輛”，是本題的答案。police(警察)、trucks(重型卡車)和buses(公共汽車)表達(dá)的意思都是路況的一部分，顯然與現(xiàn)實(shí)不符。

4.C 從上下文判斷，本句的意思應(yīng)該是高度自動(dòng)化的駕駛系統(tǒng)，所以答案是automatic。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)(mechanical機(jī)械的、movable可移動(dòng)的、electronic電子的)表達(dá)的意思與上下文配不上。

5.B 從下文判斷，本句說的是“其他流動(dòng)的車輛”，所以要選用other。another意為“另一個(gè)”，each other和one another都是“互相”的意思，與上下文表達(dá)的意思相去甚遠(yuǎn)。

6.D 上下文的意思要求選path(路徑)。line(線路)、lane(車道)和track(車轍)，意思雖與path接近，但是講不通。

7.C 本句前半句說的是電腦選定了路徑，接下來自然是“……給‘手’發(fā)出指令(instructions)，‘手’就做出相應(yīng)的動(dòng)作”。所以，C是答案。space，locations，time的詞義與上下文的意思銜接不上。

8.A 通段講的是虛擬駕駛員的反應(yīng)速度，所以只能選quickly。

9.C bring是“帶來”，take是“帶走，接受(命令)”，send是“發(fā)送(命令)”，carry是“攜帶”。從上下文判斷，應(yīng)該是“...sending images continuously to the ‘brain’”。

10.B 前一句說的是微型攝像機(jī)將圖像送入電腦，接下來的意思應(yīng)該是電腦處理圖像，完成處理圖像所需的時(shí)間為100毫秒。根據(jù)上下文表達(dá)的意思，應(yīng)該選B。

11.A 本句的起始詞是However，表示本句的意思與上一句的意思形成對比。上一句說電腦完成圖像處理只需100毫秒，第二句說，最好的駕駛員處理的時(shí)間要長得多，應(yīng)該是at least rieeds one second。所以，A是答案。

12.C 上一句說，最好的駕駛員至少需要1秒鐘的時(shí)間才能完成圖像處理。本句進(jìn)一步說，他做出動(dòng)作還需1秒鐘的時(shí)間，這兩句的意思是層層深入，所以要選C。

13.D 根據(jù)上下文判斷，此處要表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“事故率”。rate是“比率”，所以答案是D。count(計(jì)數(shù))、amount(數(shù)量)、digit(0～9中任何一個(gè)阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字)都不對。

14.A can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place?”涉及交通安全、人命關(guān)天的問題，都談不上什么“邀請(invite)”、“建議(suggest)”、“檢查(check)”。所以，答案只能是warn(警告)。

15.D 本句是給出目前不能let smart car have the wheel at any time and in any place的原因。原因是它的能力limited(有限)。對smart car的能力一無所知(unknown)或是沒有測試過 11

(untested)，顯然與前文的意思不符。few只能與可數(shù)名詞搭配，ability在本句中是不可數(shù)名詞，所以few也不是答案。

譯文：智能汽車

開車需要目光銳利，耳朵靈敏，反應(yīng)敏捷和手腦間的協(xié)作。許多人類司機(jī)這些條件都具備，并可控制一輛急速行駛的汽車。但一輛智能車如何進(jìn)行自控? 智能車中有一位虛擬駕駛員。這位司機(jī)同樣有“眼”有“腦”有“手”有“腳”。車兩側(cè)的微型攝像頭就是他的眼，負(fù)責(zé)觀察車前方的路況。他們注意著車兩側(cè)的交通情況。車中也有高度自動(dòng)化的駕駛系統(tǒng)。這就是內(nèi)置的電腦，也就是虛擬司機(jī)的大腦。這個(gè)大腦計(jì)算出車近旁正在運(yùn)動(dòng)車輛的速度，并分析它們的位置?；谶@些信息，它為智能車選擇最佳路徑，并給出指示以讓手腳做出相應(yīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。通過這樣的方式，虛擬司機(jī)就對車輛實(shí)行了控制。

虛擬司機(jī)的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是什么?他的反應(yīng)速度很快。微型攝像頭不斷向大腦發(fā)送圖像數(shù)據(jù)。他完成圖像處理的時(shí)間為100毫秒。然而，世界上最優(yōu)秀的人類司機(jī)也至少需要1 秒鐘的反應(yīng)時(shí)間。當(dāng)他作出行動(dòng)時(shí)，又多需一秒。

虛擬司機(jī)的確很棒。在高速公路上，他可大大減少事故發(fā)生率。鑒于此，我們是否可以讓他在任何時(shí)間任何地點(diǎn)都駕駛汽車呢?專家們警告說我們現(xiàn)在還不能這樣做。智能 車辨別事物的能力還很有限。目前，這種車只能在高速公路上行駛。

第四篇：2014年職稱英語理工A押題整理

Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright 1.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs?

A.Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.2.Dr.Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding

B.what made our ancestors walk upright.3.Kyoto, University's study discovered that chimpanzees.C.liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.4.Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs四肢 during Kyoto University's experiment?

D.Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.5.What can we infer from the reading passage?

D.Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.Batteries Built by Viruses 1.According to the first paragraph, people try to

C.Stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.2.What is Belcher’s team doing at present?

C.It is making batteries with viruses

3.What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word ―shrink‖ appearing in paragraph 5?

D.Expand 4.Which of the following is true of Belcher’s battery mentioned in paragraph 6?

D.It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.5.How tiny is one battery part?

A.Its width is one tenth of a hair.Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers”

1.Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?

C.Because their activity affects the environment.2.As predators, ants

A.prey on small as well as large animals.3.Dir Sanders’ study centered on how ants

D.produce such a big impact on the environment 4.What does paragraph 6 tell us?

B.Ants bring about a positiveinfluence to an area when their population is small 5.What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?

C.How do human activities affect ants’ influence on a given ecosystem?

Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety 1.What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago, according to the first paragraph?

D.Female teachers’ confidence信心 in their math skills is related to girl’s math skills.2.What is implied暗示 in the third paragraph?

B.A difficult subject like math may affect teachers’ confidence in teaching the subject.3.According to the experiment, those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt

C.uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt 4.The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings

A.prove a strong link between female teachers’ math anxiety and their female students’ math achievements 5.David Geary thinks that

B.the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.Cell Phones Increase Traffic Pedestrian Fatalities 1.The two new studies, lead-authored by Professor Peter D.Loeb

D.both A and C.2.According to the second paragraph, when did cell phones actually help to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities?

B.Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass 3.What is said about cell phone use in paragraph 4?

B.The number of traffic deaths was reduced in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s due to cell phone use 4.What is said about cell phone use in the mid-1980s in paragraph 5?

A.It had a life-taking effect because there weren’t enough cell phones in use then.5.Which of the following statements DOES NOT answer the question ― What caused the ―life-saving effect‖ to occur in the early 1990s?‖

B.The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million

U．S．Scientists Confirm Water on Mars 1.What was discovered by NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars?

C.Water in a soil sample.2.Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?

C.The samples got stuck inside the scoop 3.Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?

A.Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars 4.Where are the scientists involved in the research from?

C.They are from both America and Canada.5.Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenix’s Surface Stereo Imager camera, according to your understanding of the passage?

A.It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed 1.According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements about the theory or evolution is true?

B.School boards oppose反對 AIBS's effort to defend the theory of evolution.2.Which one of the following is NOT the reason for an overall lack of teaching Darwin's theory?

D.Darwin's theory is denied拒絕，否定 as the central theory of biology.3.AIBS's is composed of.A.more than 80 societies and 250,000 members

4.According to Weis in the 5th paragraph, the theory of evolution_______.A.is fundamental to the development of modern genetics, molecular biology and geonomics 5.Why do people replace the term creationism with the term intelligent design nowadays?

D.Because the term creationism is too direct.Renewable Energy Sources 1.What are the energy resources that are not renewable according to the article?

D.A and B.2.China’s Three Gorges Dam

C.is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world.3.Which is the country with the first commercial power station that makes use of ocean currents produced by tides?

B.Norway.4.Which of the following statements is true of wind power?

D.All of the above.5.According to the article, resources such as wind

B.are renewable so sustainable.Too Little for Global Warming

1.What do the authors of the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala intend to say?

D.Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth’s doomsday will never materialize.2.Nations that signed the Kyoto Protocol agree to

B.cut CO2 emissions.3.What are the estimates of the world’s oil and gas reserves?

D.3,500 billion by a growing number of scientists.4.Which of the following about Nebojsa NaJcicenovic is true?

D.He thinks that IPCC’s estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes.5.Which of the following is the near explanation of Nakicenovic’s assertion that ―… such a switch would be disastrous..."

B.A switch to burning coal would produce disastrous environmental problems.Clone Farm 1.Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph?

C.Cloned chickens are bulk-produced大量生產(chǎn) with the same growth rate, weight and taste 2.Which institution has offered $4.7 million to fund the research?

A.The US’s National Institute of Science and Technology

3.In the third paragraph, by saying― Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there,‖ Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishes

D.chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed

4.Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph?

C.Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines

5.The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPT that

A.farmers can order certain strains of chicken only

【完型填空】

Free Stains With Fast Food Could Neutrailze Heart Risk Fast food outlets could1 provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London2 suggest in a new study.Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy ―LDL‖ cholesterol3 in the blood.A wealth of trial data4 has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack risk

In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology5, Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is.enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.Dr Francis, from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, who is the senior author of the study, said: ―Statins don’t cut out all of the unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries6.It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether.But we’ve worked out that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack, taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fast food meal increases it.―

N’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condiments in fast food outlets as they like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed.It makes sense7 to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge.It would cost less than 5 pence per customer —— not much different to a sachet of sugar8, ― Dr Francis said.When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take measures that lower their risk, like wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.Taking a stain is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil ―liquefaction‖2 that has surprised researchers with its widespread severity, a new analysis shows.We’ve seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe,‖ said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5.―Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,‖ Ashford said.―The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and Infrastructure these communities need to function.We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.‖

Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake.It’s a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their strength and flow during an earthquake.This can allow structures to shift or sink or collapse.But most earthquakes are much shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said.The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8.― With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,‖ he said.―And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable.‖

The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, before damage was removed in the recovery efforts9.There’s no doubt that we’ll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar events,‖ Ashford said.―Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.‖ Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction – on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground.The ―young‖ sediments, in geologic terms, may be those deposited within the past 10,000 years or more.In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything near a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to prevent collapse.Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse – even as they tilted and sank into the ground.Sharks Perform a Service for Earth’s Waters

It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy1.They are thought to attack people frequently.But these fish2 perform a valuable service for earth’s waters and for human beings.Yet business and sport fishing3 are threatening their existence.Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from Earth.Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity.Many fish swim near coastal areas because of their warm waters.Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,where people also swim.In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans.They are thought to mistake a person for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion.That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up.Those are the times when sharks are looking for food.Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.A shark has an extremely good sense of smell4.It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals.These powerful senses help sharks find their food.Sharks eat fish, any other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s body defense and immune systems against disease.Researchers know that sharks recover quickly from injuries.They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.Sharks are important for the world’s oceans.They eat injured and diseased fish.Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too great.This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.

第五篇：2012職稱英語B級(jí)押題

詞匯選項(xiàng)（同義詞）

1.It was(advisable)for an old couple to adopt an orphan, as they had no children of their own.C.sensible 2.There are several things to(take into consideration)when you are searching.-A.take into account 3.About eight at night, and already very（weary）, I came to a long house.D.exhausted 4.The revival of corporate-bond markets, if（sustained）, would be good news.-B.maintained 5.She was（strolling）as though she had no particular objective.C.sauntering 6.We're getting a（wage）increase of 40 a year, before tax.C.salary 7.The King is a（mighty）monarch but full of pride, harsh and cruel.A.forceful 8.His account is correct except that some details are（omitted）.-B.elided 9.I'll（answer for）it you shall have nothing put upon you here.-C.take the responsibility of 10.In such cases there is normally a（swift）collapse of value.A.fast 11.It seems that the two friends meet masked and（vaguely）know each other through the disguise.-B.dimly 12.We have a tight schedule for your(brief)visit.-C.short-lived 13.Some of the women in the office felt（dizzy）and screamed.-C.faint 14.No rich country has laid out a（credible）, medium-term fiscal plan-B.believable

15.If they are（unwilling）, the only way to maintain a friendship is to socialize outside their homes.-D.reluctant

詞匯選項(xiàng)（同義詞）

1.We will give every staff(space)to develop.B.room

2.He was known as a(reliable)man.A.faithful

3.He(achieved)success by working hard.B.attained

4.This book isn't(funny)at all.C.amusing

5.Idleness is the(root)of all evil.-C.cause

6.Mary decided to(take out)her bad tooth.-C.extract

7.He is a(highly)competent teacher.-B.quite

8.Can you(account for)why we lost?16.Physicians are prohibited to talk about the topic of sex selection.A.Right

17.Before the study of sex selection, data showing the demand was blank.A.Right

18.In the study 332 women wanted to choose the sex of a future child.B.Wrong

19.Every woman would like to have her next child of the opposite sex.B.Wrong

20.Now in China there are two methods of sex selection being used.C.Not mentioned 21.In vitro fertilization means pre-implantation genetic diagnosis.B.Wrong

22.The method of sperm separation is cheaper than the method of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis.A.Right

概括大意和完成句子――Washoe學(xué)會(huì)了美國手語

Washoe Learned American Sign Language 23.Paragraph 1____ C.General Information about Washoe 24.Paragraph 2____ B.Report about Washoe's Progress in Learning Sign Language 25.Paragraph 3____ E.Debate on Chimps' Intelligence 26.Paragraph 4____ A.Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowadays 27.Washoe could make signs to communicate____.C.when she wanted to eat 28.Some scientists doubted____.A.if the Gardeners' argument was sound 29.Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language_____.D.while she was at research center in Ellensburg 30.The experiments thought Washoe was intelligent _____.E.becuase she could use sign language to ask for fruits 概括大意和完成句子――對別人的第一印象是怎樣形成的 How We Form First Impression 23.Paragraph 2

D.Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories 24.Paragraph 3

C.Illustration of First Impression 25.Paragraph 4

B.Comment on First Impression 26.Paragraph 5

A.Ways of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions

27.Sensory information is one that is received through ___.E.the sights and sounds of the world

28.You interpret ___by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.D.the meaning of incoming sensory information

29.The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to ___.C.the immature form of thinking of a very young people

30.We can use our mature style of thinking thanks to ___.B.the most complex areas of our cortex

概括大意和完成句子――移動(dòng)卡之間的債務(wù)可以節(jié)省您的錢

Moving Debt Between Cards Can Save You Money 23.Paragraph 2

B.Take up teaser offers 24.Paragraph 3

C.Check the small print 25.Paragraph 4

D.Keep Track of Time 26.Paragraph 5

F.Moving Around and Your Credit Rating

27.Chances are that you would get a cheaper or better card because_____.C.the credit card industry is so competitive.28.These teaser rates will save you a lot of money especially_____.A.if you switch to another card's teaser rate.29.You'll have to pay interest at the normal rate_____.B.if you miss the end of the teaser period by even a day.30.Bear in mind that the longer you move debt around for,_____.F.the fewer companies will want to send you their very best teaser rates.所屬題型：閱讀理解――看許久以前的世界

Seeing the World Centuries Ago

If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur。。。more than 75,000 miles.31.This passage is mostly about____.C.where three early travel writers went and wrote about 32.Ibn Battutah traveled____.C.throughout the Muslim world 33.The books of the three writers were popular because____.B.they told of strange and exotic locales 34.The overall organization of this passage is through____.A.chronological order 35.In this passage “attest” means to____.D.give proof of 所屬題型：閱讀理解――“幸運(yùn)的”魯肯伯爵——是死是活

“Lucky” Lord Lucan—Alive or Dead

On 8th November 1974。。。。if it can close the book on this one.36.The public are still interested in the investigation because ____.C.Lord Lucan has never been found 37.It is thought that Lucan killed the nanny because ____.C.it was dark and he thought she was Lady Lucan 38.Aspinall thought Lucan killed himself by ____.D.sinking his boat 39.Lucan could have been killed because people ____.B.thought he might talk to the police about them if he was caught 40.EX-detective MacLaughlin claimed that Mr.Barry Haplin ____.C.was really Lord Lucan in disguise 所屬題型：閱讀理解――講述可怕的過去

Tales of the Terrible Past

It is not the job of。。。historical situations alive for a modern audience.41.This passage is mostly about____.D.two novels that deal with slavery 42.Beloved is set____.C.in Ohio after the Civil War

43.The writer seems to feel that____.B.the books are worthwhile but challenging 44.The writer emphasizes that the two books are similar in their____.D.portrayal of violence

45.The word “appalling” means____.A.terrible

閱讀理解――撒哈拉沙漠

The Sahara

The name Sahara。。。。The round trip across the vast sands takes one month.31.This passage is mostly about____.A.life in the Sahara

32.Rainfall in most of the Sahara is____.A.less than five inches per year

33.The Sahara can be described as____.A.a place of contrasts

34.The phrase “an area roughly the size of the United States” gives an indication of the size of____.C.the Sahara

35.In this passage caravan means____.B.a group traveling together through difficult country

閱讀理解――芭蕾舞的發(fā)展

The Development of Ballet

Ballet is a dance form that has。。。。1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.。

36.This passage deals mainly with____.C.the way ballet developed

37.An important influence in early ballet was____.D.Louis XIV

38.You can conclude from this passage that ballet____.B.will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it

39.The information in this passage is presented____.D.in chronological order

40.The word pageants means____.D.elaborate shows 閱讀理解――《晚宴派對》

The Dinner Party

I first heard this。。。。Because it was crawling across my foot.“ 41.Which of the statements about the dining room is NOT true? C.It has limited space.42.In the discussion the major says in any crisis a man C.has that ounce more of control than a woman has.43.The American feels startled when he sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda in that A.he knows there must be a cobra in the dining room.44.Instead of warnning the others, the American asks them C.not to move a muscle while he is counting.45.What does the American do when he sees the cobra emerge?

D.He jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut.閱讀理解――索非婭。羅蘭

Sophia Loren 31.Sophia Loren was once nicknamed Stechetto because C.she was skinny and little.32.Her first taste of glamour gained her C.a train ticket to Rome and $35.33.In another beauty contest Sofia won A.the second place.34.Which of the following statements about Carlo Ponti is NOT true? D.He first got married in 1957.35.When did Loren and Ponti legally get married? D.In 1966 閱讀理解――走私

Smuggling

It is not unusual。。。surprises us.” 36.The dog was different from others in that A.it had an unusual lump on its body.37.The smuggler uses snakes to C.transport the drugs.38.How many pounds of heroin were estimated to be smuggled into the United States in 1994? B.2,577 39.Which of the following could best replace

the expression “small fry” in the third paragraph?

C.Small smugglers

40.What is this article about?

C.Varied drug transportation methods 閱讀理解――作出暫時(shí)的犧牲的愛

Making a Temporary Sacrifice of Love

For two years,。。be for the rest of our lives.41.What does Hurley's husband do？ B.He is a student.42.In tradition, what kind of husband do American women want?

C.Men with higher education.43.When making the sacrifice, those women will face the following difficulties EXCEPT that

D.others' misunderstanding.44.What does the word “breadwinner” in paragraph five mean?

A.The person who supports the family.45.What is Mike's attitude towards the future of his family in the hard days? B.Optimistic.補(bǔ)全短文――虛擬駕駛員

Virtual Driver

Driving involves sharp。。。should be like.46.()D.But how does an intelligent car control itself?

47.()C.This is the brain of the car.48.()E.It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.49.()A.Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.50.()B.In the near future, intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.補(bǔ)全短文――如何幫助孩子克服恐懼

Help the Children Conquer Fear

Many parents struggle。。particularly fears of imaginary creatures.46.()C.The study appears in the November 2009 issue of the journal Child Development.47.()A.Each story featured a child alone or with another person.48.()F.They were also asked to offer a way to help the child in the story feel less afraid.49.()D.In these situations, girls more often wanted to avoid the creature than boys.50.()B.But older children tended to suggest reminding themselves what the reality was.補(bǔ)全短文――遠(yuǎn)程辦公

Telecommuting

Telecommuting, substituting the computer for the trip to the job,。。。。That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs or policy guidelines remains small.46.()C.For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board by eliminating commutes.47.()E.Those local governments also believe the use of telecommuting can improve air quality.48.()A.She hooks up her telephone modern connections and does office work between calls to the doctor.49.()F.Because young children cannot recognize the necessary boundaries between work and family.50.()D.Besides workers, telecommuting management too must separate the myth from the reality.所屬題型：完形填空――職業(yè)母親

Working Mothers

Carefully conducted。。。(65)that matters.51.（）A.view

52.（）C.number

53.（）A.afford

54.（）C.necessity 55.（）B.cut 56.（）D.comes

57.（）C.across

58.（）C.In reality

59.（）B.matter

60.（）A.perfectly

61.（）C.members

62.（）D.plenty of 63.（）B.attached

64.（）D.do

65.（）A.quality

完形填空――有鳥陪伴的生活

A Life with Birds 51.（）B.better

52.（）D.top

53.（）C.From

54.（）A.for

55.（）D.offered

56.（）C.hesitation

57.（）A.aware

58.（）B.maintaining

59.（）B.make

60.（）A.devotes

61.（）D.fact

62.（）C.keep

63.（）C.At first

64.（）B.keen

65.（）B.all

完形填空――城市交通

Traffic in Our Cities

The volume of traffic(65)at an acceptable level.51.（）A.of

52.（）D.persuade

53.（）A.approach

54.（）B.increasing

55.（）D.taking away 56.（）C.breaks

57.（）D.known

58.（）B.number

59.（）A.fixed

60.（）C.dealing

61.（）A.outskirts

62.（）D.final

63.（）B.thing

64.（）C.give up

65.（）B.kept